[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163881},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method":3,"nav-reference":2068},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2061,"extension":2062,"meta":2063,"navigation":600,"path":2064,"seo":2065,"stem":2066,"__hash__":2067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2031},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,41,46,125,130,137,142,161,164,239,242,286,290,293,309,312,323,325,387,389,422,426,429,482,484,511,514,530,536,544,613,615,648,654,657,740,742,803,809,813,816,882,884,913,916,941,944,993,995,1016,1026,1029,1034,1039,1084,1086,1108,1114,1119,1127,1193,1195,1232,1238,1242,1249,1314,1316,1353,1357,1374,1386,1392,1397,1408,1415,1419,1425,1454,1457,1488,1494,1497,1608,1610,1670,1673,1780,1782,1853,1856,1885,1889,1896,1901,1912,1917,1922,1929,1935,1939,1942,1959,1962,1982,1993,1997,2027],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-reverse-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"reverse()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,27,28],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,30,31,32,34,35,40],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,33,17],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[36,37,39],"a",{"href":38},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[42,43,45],"h2",{"id":44},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[47,48,53],"pre",{"className":49,"code":50,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n","python","",[15,54,55,90,106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57,60,64,68,72,76,79,82,84,87],"span",{"class":58,"line":59},"line",1,[56,61,63],{"class":62},"su5hD","numbers ",[56,65,67],{"class":66},"smGrS","=",[56,69,71],{"class":70},"sP7_E"," [",[56,73,75],{"class":74},"srdBf","1",[56,77,78],{"class":70},",",[56,80,81],{"class":74}," 2",[56,83,78],{"class":70},[56,85,86],{"class":74}," 3",[56,88,89],{"class":70},"]\n",[56,91,93,96,99,103],{"class":58,"line":92},2,[56,94,95],{"class":62},"numbers",[56,97,98],{"class":70},".",[56,100,102],{"class":101},"slqww","reverse",[56,104,105],{"class":70},"()\n",[56,107,109,113,116,118,121],{"class":58,"line":108},3,[56,110,112],{"class":111},"sptTA","print",[56,114,115],{"class":70},"(",[56,117,95],{"class":101},[56,119,120],{"class":70},")",[56,122,124],{"class":123},"sutJx","  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,126,127,129],{},[15,128,17],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[42,131,133,134,136],{"id":132},"what-listreverse-does","What ",[15,135,24],{}," does",[20,138,139,141],{},[15,140,24],{},":",[143,144,145,149,152,158],"ul",{},[146,147,148],"li",{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[146,150,151],{},"Changes the original list directly",[146,153,154,155],{},"Returns ",[15,156,157],{},"None",[146,159,160],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,162,163],{},"Example:",[47,165,167],{"className":49,"code":166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,168,169,217,228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,170,171,174,176,178,182,185,187,189,192,195,197,199,201,204,206,208,210,213,215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,172,173],{"class":62},"letters ",[56,175,67],{"class":66},[56,177,71],{"class":70},[56,179,181],{"class":180},"sjJ54","\"",[56,183,36],{"class":184},"s_sjI",[56,186,181],{"class":180},[56,188,78],{"class":70},[56,190,191],{"class":180}," \"",[56,193,194],{"class":184},"b",[56,196,181],{"class":180},[56,198,78],{"class":70},[56,200,191],{"class":180},[56,202,203],{"class":184},"c",[56,205,181],{"class":180},[56,207,78],{"class":70},[56,209,191],{"class":180},[56,211,212],{"class":184},"d",[56,214,181],{"class":180},[56,216,89],{"class":70},[56,218,219,222,224,226],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,220,221],{"class":62},"letters",[56,223,98],{"class":70},[56,225,102],{"class":101},[56,227,105],{"class":70},[56,229,230,232,234,236],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,231,112],{"class":111},[56,233,115],{"class":70},[56,235,221],{"class":101},[56,237,238],{"class":70},")\n",[20,240,241],{},"Output:",[47,243,245],{"className":49,"code":244,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,246,247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,248,249,252,255,257,259,261,264,266,268,270,272,274,276,278,280,282,284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,250,251],{"class":70},"[",[56,253,254],{"class":180},"'",[56,256,212],{"class":184},[56,258,254],{"class":180},[56,260,78],{"class":70},[56,262,263],{"class":180}," '",[56,265,203],{"class":184},[56,267,254],{"class":180},[56,269,78],{"class":70},[56,271,263],{"class":180},[56,273,194],{"class":184},[56,275,254],{"class":180},[56,277,78],{"class":70},[56,279,263],{"class":180},[56,281,36],{"class":184},[56,283,254],{"class":180},[56,285,89],{"class":70},[42,287,289],{"id":288},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,291,292],{},"The syntax is:",[47,294,296],{"className":49,"code":295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,297,298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,299,300,303,305,307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,301,302],{"class":62},"my_list",[56,304,98],{"class":70},[56,306,102],{"class":101},[56,308,105],{"class":70},[20,310,311],{},"Key points:",[143,313,314,317,320],{},[146,315,316],{},"No arguments are needed",[146,318,319],{},"You call it on an existing list",[146,321,322],{},"It only works on lists",[20,324,163],{},[47,326,328],{"className":49,"code":327,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,329,330,366,377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,331,332,335,337,339,341,344,346,348,350,353,355,357,359,362,364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,333,334],{"class":62},"colors ",[56,336,67],{"class":66},[56,338,71],{"class":70},[56,340,181],{"class":180},[56,342,343],{"class":184},"red",[56,345,181],{"class":180},[56,347,78],{"class":70},[56,349,191],{"class":180},[56,351,352],{"class":184},"green",[56,354,181],{"class":180},[56,356,78],{"class":70},[56,358,191],{"class":180},[56,360,361],{"class":184},"blue",[56,363,181],{"class":180},[56,365,89],{"class":70},[56,367,368,371,373,375],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,369,370],{"class":62},"colors",[56,372,98],{"class":70},[56,374,102],{"class":101},[56,376,105],{"class":70},[56,378,379,381,383,385],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,380,112],{"class":111},[56,382,115],{"class":70},[56,384,370],{"class":101},[56,386,238],{"class":70},[20,388,241],{},[47,390,392],{"className":49,"code":391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,393,394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,395,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,397,251],{"class":70},[56,399,254],{"class":180},[56,401,361],{"class":184},[56,403,254],{"class":180},[56,405,78],{"class":70},[56,407,263],{"class":180},[56,409,352],{"class":184},[56,411,254],{"class":180},[56,413,78],{"class":70},[56,415,263],{"class":180},[56,417,343],{"class":184},[56,419,254],{"class":180},[56,421,89],{"class":70},[42,423,425],{"id":424},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,427,428],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[47,430,432],{"className":49,"code":431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,433,434,462,472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,435,436,438,440,442,445,447,450,452,455,457,460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,437,63],{"class":62},[56,439,67],{"class":66},[56,441,71],{"class":70},[56,443,444],{"class":74},"10",[56,446,78],{"class":70},[56,448,449],{"class":74}," 20",[56,451,78],{"class":70},[56,453,454],{"class":74}," 30",[56,456,78],{"class":70},[56,458,459],{"class":74}," 40",[56,461,89],{"class":70},[56,463,464,466,468,470],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,465,95],{"class":62},[56,467,98],{"class":70},[56,469,102],{"class":101},[56,471,105],{"class":70},[56,473,474,476,478,480],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,475,112],{"class":111},[56,477,115],{"class":70},[56,479,95],{"class":101},[56,481,238],{"class":70},[20,483,241],{},[47,485,487],{"className":49,"code":486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,488,489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,490,491,493,496,498,500,502,504,506,509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,492,251],{"class":70},[56,494,495],{"class":74},"40",[56,497,78],{"class":70},[56,499,454],{"class":74},[56,501,78],{"class":70},[56,503,449],{"class":74},[56,505,78],{"class":70},[56,507,508],{"class":74}," 10",[56,510,89],{"class":70},[20,512,513],{},"What happens here:",[143,515,516,522,527],{},[146,517,518,519],{},"The list starts as ",[15,520,521],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[146,523,524,526],{},[15,525,17],{}," flips the order",[146,528,529],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[42,531,533,535],{"id":532},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,534,17],{}," changes the original list",[20,537,538,539,543],{},"This method is ",[540,541,542],"strong",{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[47,545,547],{"className":49,"code":546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,548,549,585,596,602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,550,551,554,556,558,560,563,565,567,569,572,574,576,578,581,583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,552,553],{"class":62},"fruits ",[56,555,67],{"class":66},[56,557,71],{"class":70},[56,559,181],{"class":180},[56,561,562],{"class":184},"apple",[56,564,181],{"class":180},[56,566,78],{"class":70},[56,568,191],{"class":180},[56,570,571],{"class":184},"banana",[56,573,181],{"class":180},[56,575,78],{"class":70},[56,577,191],{"class":180},[56,579,580],{"class":184},"cherry",[56,582,181],{"class":180},[56,584,89],{"class":70},[56,586,587,590,592,594],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,588,589],{"class":62},"fruits",[56,591,98],{"class":70},[56,593,102],{"class":101},[56,595,105],{"class":70},[56,597,598],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,599,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},true,"\n",[56,603,605,607,609,611],{"class":58,"line":604},4,[56,606,112],{"class":111},[56,608,115],{"class":70},[56,610,589],{"class":101},[56,612,238],{"class":70},[20,614,241],{},[47,616,618],{"className":49,"code":617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,619,620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,621,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636,638,640,642,644,646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,623,251],{"class":70},[56,625,254],{"class":180},[56,627,580],{"class":184},[56,629,254],{"class":180},[56,631,78],{"class":70},[56,633,263],{"class":180},[56,635,571],{"class":184},[56,637,254],{"class":180},[56,639,78],{"class":70},[56,641,263],{"class":180},[56,643,562],{"class":184},[56,645,254],{"class":180},[56,647,89],{"class":70},[20,649,650,651,653],{},"Use ",[15,652,17],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,655,656],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[47,658,660],{"className":49,"code":659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,661,662,694,714,718,728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,663,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,665,553],{"class":62},[56,667,67],{"class":66},[56,669,71],{"class":70},[56,671,181],{"class":180},[56,673,562],{"class":184},[56,675,181],{"class":180},[56,677,78],{"class":70},[56,679,191],{"class":180},[56,681,571],{"class":184},[56,683,181],{"class":180},[56,685,78],{"class":70},[56,687,191],{"class":180},[56,689,580],{"class":184},[56,691,181],{"class":180},[56,693,89],{"class":70},[56,695,696,699,701,704,707,710,712],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,697,698],{"class":62},"reversed_fruits ",[56,700,67],{"class":66},[56,702,703],{"class":62}," fruits",[56,705,706],{"class":70},"[::",[56,708,709],{"class":66},"-",[56,711,75],{"class":74},[56,713,89],{"class":70},[56,715,716],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,717,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,719,720,722,724,726],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,721,112],{"class":111},[56,723,115],{"class":70},[56,725,589],{"class":101},[56,727,238],{"class":70},[56,729,731,733,735,738],{"class":58,"line":730},5,[56,732,112],{"class":111},[56,734,115],{"class":70},[56,736,737],{"class":101},"reversed_fruits",[56,739,238],{"class":70},[20,741,241],{},[47,743,745],{"className":49,"code":744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,746,747,775],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,748,749,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771,773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,750,251],{"class":70},[56,752,254],{"class":180},[56,754,562],{"class":184},[56,756,254],{"class":180},[56,758,78],{"class":70},[56,760,263],{"class":180},[56,762,571],{"class":184},[56,764,254],{"class":180},[56,766,78],{"class":70},[56,768,263],{"class":180},[56,770,580],{"class":184},[56,772,254],{"class":180},[56,774,89],{"class":70},[56,776,777,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793,795,797,799,801],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,778,251],{"class":70},[56,780,254],{"class":180},[56,782,580],{"class":184},[56,784,254],{"class":180},[56,786,78],{"class":70},[56,788,263],{"class":180},[56,790,571],{"class":184},[56,792,254],{"class":180},[56,794,78],{"class":70},[56,796,263],{"class":180},[56,798,562],{"class":184},[56,800,254],{"class":180},[56,802,89],{"class":70},[20,804,805,806,98],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[36,807,808],{"href":38},"Python list slicing explained",[42,810,812],{"id":811},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,814,815],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[47,817,819],{"className":49,"code":818,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,820,821,841,857,861,872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,822,823,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,824,63],{"class":62},[56,826,67],{"class":66},[56,828,71],{"class":70},[56,830,75],{"class":74},[56,832,78],{"class":70},[56,834,81],{"class":74},[56,836,78],{"class":70},[56,838,86],{"class":74},[56,840,89],{"class":70},[56,842,843,846,848,851,853,855],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,844,845],{"class":62},"new_list ",[56,847,67],{"class":66},[56,849,850],{"class":62}," numbers",[56,852,98],{"class":70},[56,854,102],{"class":101},[56,856,105],{"class":70},[56,858,859],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,860,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,862,863,865,867,870],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,864,112],{"class":111},[56,866,115],{"class":70},[56,868,869],{"class":101},"new_list",[56,871,238],{"class":70},[56,873,874,876,878,880],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,875,112],{"class":111},[56,877,115],{"class":70},[56,879,95],{"class":101},[56,881,238],{"class":70},[20,883,241],{},[47,885,887],{"className":49,"code":886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,888,889,895],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,890,891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,892,894],{"class":893},"s39Yj","None\n",[56,896,897,899,902,904,906,908,911],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,898,251],{"class":70},[56,900,901],{"class":74},"3",[56,903,78],{"class":70},[56,905,81],{"class":74},[56,907,78],{"class":70},[56,909,910],{"class":74}," 1",[56,912,89],{"class":70},[20,914,915],{},"Why this happens:",[143,917,918,926,933],{},[146,919,920,922,923,925],{},[15,921,17],{}," changes ",[15,924,95],{}," directly",[146,927,928,929,932],{},"It does ",[540,930,931],{},"not"," return a new list",[146,934,935,936,938,939],{},"So ",[15,937,869],{}," becomes ",[15,940,157],{},[20,942,943],{},"The correct way is:",[47,945,947],{"className":49,"code":946,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,948,949,969,979,983],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,950,951,953,955,957,959,961,963,965,967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,952,63],{"class":62},[56,954,67],{"class":66},[56,956,71],{"class":70},[56,958,75],{"class":74},[56,960,78],{"class":70},[56,962,81],{"class":74},[56,964,78],{"class":70},[56,966,86],{"class":74},[56,968,89],{"class":70},[56,970,971,973,975,977],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,972,95],{"class":62},[56,974,98],{"class":70},[56,976,102],{"class":101},[56,978,105],{"class":70},[56,980,981],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,982,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,984,985,987,989,991],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,986,112],{"class":111},[56,988,115],{"class":70},[56,990,95],{"class":101},[56,992,238],{"class":70},[20,994,241],{},[47,996,998],{"className":49,"code":997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,999,1000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1001,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1003,251],{"class":70},[56,1005,901],{"class":74},[56,1007,78],{"class":70},[56,1009,81],{"class":74},[56,1011,78],{"class":70},[56,1013,910],{"class":74},[56,1015,89],{"class":70},[42,1017,1019,1021,1022,1025],{"id":1018},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,1020,17],{}," vs ",[15,1023,1024],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,1027,1028],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1030,1031,1032],"h3",{"id":102},[15,1033,17],{},[20,1035,1036,1038],{},[15,1037,17],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[47,1040,1042],{"className":49,"code":1041,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1043,1044,1064,1074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1047,63],{"class":62},[56,1049,67],{"class":66},[56,1051,71],{"class":70},[56,1053,901],{"class":74},[56,1055,78],{"class":70},[56,1057,910],{"class":74},[56,1059,78],{"class":70},[56,1061,81],{"class":74},[56,1063,89],{"class":70},[56,1065,1066,1068,1070,1072],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1067,95],{"class":62},[56,1069,98],{"class":70},[56,1071,102],{"class":101},[56,1073,105],{"class":70},[56,1075,1076,1078,1080,1082],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1077,112],{"class":111},[56,1079,115],{"class":70},[56,1081,95],{"class":101},[56,1083,238],{"class":70},[20,1085,241],{},[47,1087,1089],{"className":49,"code":1088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,1090,1091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1092,1093,1095,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1094,251],{"class":70},[56,1096,1097],{"class":74},"2",[56,1099,78],{"class":70},[56,1101,910],{"class":74},[56,1103,78],{"class":70},[56,1105,86],{"class":74},[56,1107,89],{"class":70},[20,1109,1110,1111,1113],{},"Notice that this is ",[540,1112,931],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1030,1115,1117],{"id":1116},"sorted",[15,1118,1024],{},[20,1120,1121,1126],{},[36,1122,1124],{"href":1123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,1125,1024],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[47,1128,1130],{"className":49,"code":1129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1131,1132,1152,1168,1172,1182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1133,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1135,63],{"class":62},[56,1137,67],{"class":66},[56,1139,71],{"class":70},[56,1141,901],{"class":74},[56,1143,78],{"class":70},[56,1145,910],{"class":74},[56,1147,78],{"class":70},[56,1149,81],{"class":74},[56,1151,89],{"class":70},[56,1153,1154,1157,1159,1162,1164,1166],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1155,1156],{"class":62},"result ",[56,1158,67],{"class":66},[56,1160,1161],{"class":111}," sorted",[56,1163,115],{"class":70},[56,1165,95],{"class":101},[56,1167,238],{"class":70},[56,1169,1170],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1171,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1173,1174,1176,1178,1180],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1175,112],{"class":111},[56,1177,115],{"class":70},[56,1179,95],{"class":101},[56,1181,238],{"class":70},[56,1183,1184,1186,1188,1191],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,1185,112],{"class":111},[56,1187,115],{"class":70},[56,1189,1190],{"class":101},"result",[56,1192,238],{"class":70},[20,1194,241],{},[47,1196,1198],{"className":49,"code":1197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1199,1200,1216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1201,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1203,251],{"class":70},[56,1205,901],{"class":74},[56,1207,78],{"class":70},[56,1209,910],{"class":74},[56,1211,78],{"class":70},[56,1213,81],{"class":74},[56,1215,89],{"class":70},[56,1217,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1219,251],{"class":70},[56,1221,75],{"class":74},[56,1223,78],{"class":70},[56,1225,81],{"class":74},[56,1227,78],{"class":70},[56,1229,86],{"class":74},[56,1231,89],{"class":70},[20,1233,1234,1235,98],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,1236,1237],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1030,1239,1241],{"id":1240},"slicing","Slicing",[20,1243,1244,1245,1248],{},"Slicing with ",[15,1246,1247],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[47,1250,1252],{"className":49,"code":1251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1253,1254,1274,1290,1294,1304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1255,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1257,63],{"class":62},[56,1259,67],{"class":66},[56,1261,71],{"class":70},[56,1263,901],{"class":74},[56,1265,78],{"class":70},[56,1267,910],{"class":74},[56,1269,78],{"class":70},[56,1271,81],{"class":74},[56,1273,89],{"class":70},[56,1275,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1277,1156],{"class":62},[56,1279,67],{"class":66},[56,1281,850],{"class":62},[56,1283,706],{"class":70},[56,1285,709],{"class":66},[56,1287,75],{"class":74},[56,1289,89],{"class":70},[56,1291,1292],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1293,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1295,1296,1298,1300,1302],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1297,112],{"class":111},[56,1299,115],{"class":70},[56,1301,95],{"class":101},[56,1303,238],{"class":70},[56,1305,1306,1308,1310,1312],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,1307,112],{"class":111},[56,1309,115],{"class":70},[56,1311,1190],{"class":101},[56,1313,238],{"class":70},[20,1315,241],{},[47,1317,1319],{"className":49,"code":1318,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,1320,1321,1337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1322,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1324,251],{"class":70},[56,1326,901],{"class":74},[56,1328,78],{"class":70},[56,1330,910],{"class":74},[56,1332,78],{"class":70},[56,1334,81],{"class":74},[56,1336,89],{"class":70},[56,1338,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1340,251],{"class":70},[56,1342,1097],{"class":74},[56,1344,78],{"class":70},[56,1346,910],{"class":74},[56,1348,78],{"class":70},[56,1350,86],{"class":74},[56,1352,89],{"class":70},[1030,1354,1356],{"id":1355},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[143,1358,1359,1364,1369],{},[146,1360,650,1361,1363],{},[15,1362,17],{}," when you want to change the original list",[146,1365,650,1366,1368],{},[15,1367,1247],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[146,1370,650,1371,1373],{},[15,1372,1024],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,1375,1376,1377,1385],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[36,1378,1380,1381,1384],{"href":1379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,1382,1383],{},"sort()"," method",", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[42,1387,1389,1390],{"id":1388},"when-to-use-reverse","When to use ",[15,1391,17],{},[20,1393,1394,1396],{},[15,1395,17],{}," is a good choice:",[143,1398,1399,1402,1405],{},[146,1400,1401],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[146,1403,1404],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[146,1406,1407],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,1409,1410,1411,98],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[36,1412,1414],{"href":1413},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[42,1416,1418],{"id":1417},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1420,1421,1422,1424],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,1423,17],{}," for these reasons:",[143,1426,1427,1433,1439,1445],{},[146,1428,1429,1430,1432],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,1431,17],{}," to a variable",[146,1434,1435,1436,1438],{},"Expecting ",[15,1437,17],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[146,1440,1441,1442,1444],{},"Using ",[15,1443,17],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[146,1446,1447,1448,1450,1451],{},"Confusing ",[15,1449,17],{}," with ",[15,1452,1453],{},"reversed()",[20,1455,1456],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[47,1458,1460],{"className":49,"code":1459,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,1461,1462,1477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1463,1464,1467,1469,1471,1474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1465,1466],{"class":62},"text ",[56,1468,67],{"class":66},[56,1470,191],{"class":180},[56,1472,1473],{"class":184},"hello",[56,1475,1476],{"class":180},"\"\n",[56,1478,1479,1482,1484,1486],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1480,1481],{"class":62},"text",[56,1483,98],{"class":70},[56,1485,102],{"class":101},[56,1487,105],{"class":70},[20,1489,1490,1491,1493],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,1492,17],{}," method.",[20,1495,1496],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[47,1498,1500],{"className":49,"code":1499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,1501,1502,1523,1527,1537,1554,1558,1574,1585,1590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1503,1504,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1505,1506],{"class":62},"my_list ",[56,1508,67],{"class":66},[56,1510,71],{"class":70},[56,1512,75],{"class":74},[56,1514,78],{"class":70},[56,1516,81],{"class":74},[56,1518,78],{"class":70},[56,1520,86],{"class":74},[56,1522,89],{"class":70},[56,1524,1525],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1526,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1528,1529,1531,1533,1535],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1530,112],{"class":111},[56,1532,115],{"class":70},[56,1534,302],{"class":101},[56,1536,238],{"class":70},[56,1538,1539,1541,1543,1547,1549,1551],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1540,112],{"class":111},[56,1542,115],{"class":70},[56,1544,1546],{"class":1545},"sZMiF","type",[56,1548,115],{"class":70},[56,1550,302],{"class":101},[56,1552,1553],{"class":70},"))\n",[56,1555,1556],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,1557,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1559,1561,1563,1565,1568,1570,1572],{"class":58,"line":1560},6,[56,1562,1156],{"class":62},[56,1564,67],{"class":66},[56,1566,1567],{"class":62}," my_list",[56,1569,98],{"class":70},[56,1571,102],{"class":101},[56,1573,105],{"class":70},[56,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583],{"class":58,"line":1576},7,[56,1578,112],{"class":111},[56,1580,115],{"class":70},[56,1582,1190],{"class":101},[56,1584,238],{"class":70},[56,1586,1588],{"class":58,"line":1587},8,[56,1589,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605],{"class":58,"line":1592},9,[56,1594,112],{"class":111},[56,1596,115],{"class":70},[56,1598,302],{"class":101},[56,1600,706],{"class":70},[56,1602,709],{"class":66},[56,1604,75],{"class":74},[56,1606,1607],{"class":70},"])\n",[20,1609,241],{},[47,1611,1613],{"className":49,"code":1612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,1614,1615,1631,1650,1654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1616,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1618,251],{"class":70},[56,1620,75],{"class":74},[56,1622,78],{"class":70},[56,1624,81],{"class":74},[56,1626,78],{"class":70},[56,1628,86],{"class":74},[56,1630,89],{"class":70},[56,1632,1633,1636,1640,1642,1645,1647],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1634,1635],{"class":66},"\u003C",[56,1637,1639],{"class":1638},"sbsja","class",[56,1641,263],{"class":180},[56,1643,1644],{"class":184},"list",[56,1646,254],{"class":180},[56,1648,1649],{"class":66},">\n",[56,1651,1652],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1653,894],{"class":893},[56,1655,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1657,251],{"class":70},[56,1659,75],{"class":74},[56,1661,78],{"class":70},[56,1663,81],{"class":74},[56,1665,78],{"class":70},[56,1667,910],{"class":74},[56,1669,89],{"class":70},[20,1671,1672],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[47,1674,1676],{"className":49,"code":1675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,1677,1678,1698,1702,1712,1726,1730,1744,1754,1764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1679,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1681,1506],{"class":62},[56,1683,67],{"class":66},[56,1685,71],{"class":70},[56,1687,75],{"class":74},[56,1689,78],{"class":70},[56,1691,81],{"class":74},[56,1693,78],{"class":70},[56,1695,86],{"class":74},[56,1697,89],{"class":70},[56,1699,1700],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1701,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1703,1704,1706,1708,1710],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1705,112],{"class":111},[56,1707,115],{"class":70},[56,1709,302],{"class":101},[56,1711,238],{"class":70},[56,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1715,112],{"class":111},[56,1717,115],{"class":70},[56,1719,1546],{"class":1545},[56,1721,115],{"class":70},[56,1723,302],{"class":101},[56,1725,1553],{"class":70},[56,1727,1728],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,1729,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,1731,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,1733,1156],{"class":62},[56,1735,67],{"class":66},[56,1737,1567],{"class":62},[56,1739,98],{"class":70},[56,1741,102],{"class":101},[56,1743,105],{"class":70},[56,1745,1746,1748,1750,1752],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,1747,112],{"class":111},[56,1749,115],{"class":70},[56,1751,1190],{"class":101},[56,1753,238],{"class":70},[56,1755,1756,1758,1760,1762],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,1757,112],{"class":111},[56,1759,115],{"class":70},[56,1761,302],{"class":101},[56,1763,238],{"class":70},[56,1765,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,1767,112],{"class":111},[56,1769,115],{"class":70},[56,1771,302],{"class":101},[56,1773,706],{"class":70},[56,1775,709],{"class":66},[56,1777,75],{"class":74},[56,1779,1607],{"class":70},[20,1781,241],{},[47,1783,1785],{"className":49,"code":1784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1786,1787,1803,1817,1821,1837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1788,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1790,251],{"class":70},[56,1792,75],{"class":74},[56,1794,78],{"class":70},[56,1796,81],{"class":74},[56,1798,78],{"class":70},[56,1800,86],{"class":74},[56,1802,89],{"class":70},[56,1804,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,1806,1635],{"class":66},[56,1808,1639],{"class":1638},[56,1810,263],{"class":180},[56,1812,1644],{"class":184},[56,1814,254],{"class":180},[56,1816,1649],{"class":66},[56,1818,1819],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,1820,894],{"class":893},[56,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,1824,251],{"class":70},[56,1826,901],{"class":74},[56,1828,78],{"class":70},[56,1830,81],{"class":74},[56,1832,78],{"class":70},[56,1834,910],{"class":74},[56,1836,89],{"class":70},[56,1838,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,1840,251],{"class":70},[56,1842,75],{"class":74},[56,1844,78],{"class":70},[56,1846,81],{"class":74},[56,1848,78],{"class":70},[56,1850,86],{"class":74},[56,1852,89],{"class":70},[20,1854,1855],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[143,1857,1858,1868,1879],{},[146,1859,1860,1861,1864,1865],{},"After ",[15,1862,1863],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,1866,1867],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[146,1869,1870,1871,1874,1875,1878],{},"Then ",[15,1872,1873],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[540,1876,1877],{},"current"," list",[146,1880,1881,1882],{},"So it prints ",[15,1883,1884],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[42,1886,1888],{"id":1887},"faq","FAQ",[1030,1890,1892,1893,1895],{"id":1891},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list","Does ",[15,1894,24],{}," return a new list?",[20,1897,1898,1899,98],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,1900,157],{},[1030,1902,1904,1905,1907,1908,1911],{"id":1903},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue","How is ",[15,1906,17],{}," different from ",[15,1909,1910],{},"sorted(reverse=True)","?",[20,1913,1914,1916],{},[15,1915,17],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,1918,1919,1921],{},[15,1920,1910],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1030,1923,1925,1926,1928],{"id":1924},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string","Can I use ",[15,1927,17],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,1930,1931,1932,1934],{},"No. ",[15,1933,17],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1030,1936,1938],{"id":1937},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,1940,1941],{},"Use slicing:",[47,1943,1945],{"className":49,"code":1944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,1946,1947],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1948,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1950,302],{"class":62},[56,1952,706],{"class":70},[56,1954,709],{"class":66},[56,1956,75],{"class":74},[56,1958,89],{"class":70},[20,1960,1961],{},"Or use:",[47,1963,1965],{"className":49,"code":1964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,1966,1967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1968,1969,1971,1973,1976,1978,1980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1970,1644],{"class":1545},[56,1972,115],{"class":70},[56,1974,1975],{"class":111},"reversed",[56,1977,115],{"class":70},[56,1979,302],{"class":101},[56,1981,1553],{"class":70},[20,1983,1984,1985,1992],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[36,1986,1988,1989],{"href":1987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","Python list ",[15,1990,1991],{},"copy()"," can also help.",[42,1994,1996],{"id":1995},"see-also","See also",[143,1998,1999,2005,2013,2017,2021],{},[146,2000,2001],{},[36,2002,1988,2003,1384],{"href":1379},[15,2004,1383],{},[146,2006,2007],{},[36,2008,2009,2010,2012],{"href":1123},"Python ",[15,2011,1024],{}," function explained",[146,2014,2015],{},[36,2016,1414],{"href":1413},[146,2018,2019],{},[36,2020,808],{"href":38},[146,2022,2023],{},[36,2024,1988,2025,1384],{"href":1987},[15,2026,1991],{},[2028,2029,2030],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":2032},[2033,2034,2036,2037,2038,2040,2041,2048,2050,2051,2060],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":132,"depth":92,"text":2035},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":532,"depth":92,"text":2039},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":811,"depth":92,"text":812},{"id":1018,"depth":92,"text":2042,"children":2043},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[2044,2045,2046,2047],{"id":102,"depth":108,"text":17},{"id":1116,"depth":108,"text":1024},{"id":1240,"depth":108,"text":1241},{"id":1355,"depth":108,"text":1356},{"id":1388,"depth":92,"text":2049},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":2052},[2053,2055,2057,2059],{"id":1891,"depth":108,"text":2054},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":1903,"depth":108,"text":2056},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":1924,"depth":108,"text":2058},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":1937,"depth":108,"text":1938},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":5,"description":2061},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",[2069,3662,5366,7062,9197,11399,12908,15082,17289,19746,21585,24150,26249,28529,30477,32388,34382,35820,37644,40169,42329,43558,44929,46576,48897,50741,52722,54414,55663,57355,59106,61078,62826,64925,66285,68236,69799,71790,73584,75330,77772,79850,82490,84519,86482,88670,90674,92987,94669,96114,97308,98486,100326,102766,104470,106485,108009,109254,110417,111799,113870,115767,117541,119407,121526,123266,124728,126322,128245,129922,131857,133346,136130,137707,139266,141294,143246,144709,145898,147784,149195,150891,152445,153867,155270,157168,159562,161393],{"id":2070,"title":2071,"body":2072,"description":3656,"extension":2062,"meta":3657,"navigation":600,"path":3658,"seo":3659,"stem":3660,"__hash__":3661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2073,"toc":3628},[2074,2077,2084,2087,2098,2101,2105,2167,2169,2189,2194,2198,2203,2206,2222,2225,2251,2254,2256,2258,2274,2277,2304,2306,2364,2366,2381,2391,2402,2406,2409,2462,2464,2484,2487,2511,2518,2522,2527,2533,2535,2573,2575,2584,2590,2608,2611,2623,2627,2632,2636,2639,2660,2662,2720,2722,2730,2733,2737,2769,2771,2779,2782,2786,2791,2839,2841,2849,2853,2913,2915,2923,2926,2928,2932,2935,2958,2967,2983,3034,3036,3051,3062,3066,3069,3098,3105,3109,3114,3155,3157,3168,3171,3214,3216,3224,3228,3233,3255,3257,3266,3275,3279,3284,3306,3308,3378,3380,3427,3430,3433,3436,3515,3517,3548,3550,3554,3557,3561,3564,3568,3571,3575,3587,3591,3594,3596,3625],[10,2075,2071],{"id":2076},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2078,2079,2080,2083],{},"The ",[15,2081,2082],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2085,2086],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[143,2088,2089,2092,2095],{},[146,2090,2091],{},"a number without its negative sign",[146,2093,2094],{},"the distance between two numbers",[146,2096,2097],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2099,2100],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[42,2102,2104],{"id":2103},"quick-example","Quick example",[47,2106,2108],{"className":49,"code":2107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2109,2110,2128,2143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2111,2112,2114,2116,2119,2121,2123,2126],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2113,112],{"class":111},[56,2115,115],{"class":70},[56,2117,2118],{"class":111},"abs",[56,2120,115],{"class":70},[56,2122,709],{"class":66},[56,2124,2125],{"class":74},"7",[56,2127,1553],{"class":70},[56,2129,2130,2132,2134,2136,2138,2141],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2131,112],{"class":111},[56,2133,115],{"class":70},[56,2135,2118],{"class":111},[56,2137,115],{"class":70},[56,2139,2140],{"class":74},"3.5",[56,2142,1553],{"class":70},[56,2144,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2160,2162,2165],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2146,112],{"class":111},[56,2148,115],{"class":70},[56,2150,2118],{"class":111},[56,2152,115],{"class":70},[56,2154,709],{"class":66},[56,2156,1097],{"class":74},[56,2158,2159],{"class":66},"+",[56,2161,901],{"class":74},[56,2163,2164],{"class":1638},"j",[56,2166,1553],{"class":70},[20,2168,241],{},[47,2170,2172],{"className":49,"code":2171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2173,2174,2179,2184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2175,2176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2177,2178],{"class":74},"7\n",[56,2180,2181],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2182,2183],{"class":74},"3.5\n",[56,2185,2186],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2187,2188],{"class":74},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2190,650,2191,2193],{},[15,2192,2082],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[42,2195,2197],{"id":2196},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2199,2200,2202],{},[15,2201,2082],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2204,2205],{},"That means:",[143,2207,2208,2211,2214],{},[146,2209,2210],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[146,2212,2213],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[146,2215,2216,2219,2220],{},[15,2217,2218],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2221,2218],{},[20,2223,2224],{},"Examples:",[143,2226,2227,2236,2244],{},[146,2228,2229,2232,2233],{},[15,2230,2231],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2234,2235],{},"5",[146,2237,2238,2232,2241],{},[15,2239,2240],{},"abs(9)",[15,2242,2243],{},"9",[146,2245,2246,2232,2249],{},[15,2247,2248],{},"abs(0)",[15,2250,2218],{},[20,2252,2253],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[42,2255,289],{"id":288},[20,2257,292],{},[47,2259,2261],{"className":49,"code":2260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(x)\n",[15,2262,2263],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2264,2265,2267,2269,2272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2266,2118],{"class":111},[56,2268,115],{"class":70},[56,2270,2271],{"class":101},"x",[56,2273,238],{"class":70},[20,2275,2276],{},"Here:",[143,2278,2279,2296,2301],{},[146,2280,2281,2283,2284,2287,2288,2291,2292,2295],{},[15,2282,2271],{}," is usually an ",[15,2285,2286],{},"int",", ",[15,2289,2290],{},"float",", or ",[15,2293,2294],{},"complex"," number",[146,2297,2298,2300],{},[15,2299,2082],{}," returns a new value",[146,2302,2303],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2305,163],{},[47,2307,2309],{"className":49,"code":2308,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2310,2311,2324,2340,2344,2354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2312,2313,2316,2318,2321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2314,2315],{"class":62},"number ",[56,2317,67],{"class":66},[56,2319,2320],{"class":66}," -",[56,2322,2323],{"class":74},"12\n",[56,2325,2326,2328,2330,2333,2335,2338],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2327,1156],{"class":62},[56,2329,67],{"class":66},[56,2331,2332],{"class":111}," abs",[56,2334,115],{"class":70},[56,2336,2337],{"class":101},"number",[56,2339,238],{"class":70},[56,2341,2342],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2343,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,2345,2346,2348,2350,2352],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,2347,112],{"class":111},[56,2349,115],{"class":70},[56,2351,2337],{"class":101},[56,2353,238],{"class":70},[56,2355,2356,2358,2360,2362],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,2357,112],{"class":111},[56,2359,115],{"class":70},[56,2361,1190],{"class":101},[56,2363,238],{"class":70},[20,2365,241],{},[47,2367,2369],{"className":49,"code":2368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-12\n12\n",[15,2370,2371,2377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2372,2373,2375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2374,709],{"class":66},[56,2376,2323],{"class":74},[56,2378,2379],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2380,2323],{"class":74},[20,2382,2383,2384,2386,2387,2390],{},"Notice that ",[15,2385,2337],{}," is still ",[15,2388,2389],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2392,2393,2394,2401],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[36,2395,2397,2400],{"href":2396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2398,2399],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[42,2403,2405],{"id":2404},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2407,2408],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[47,2410,2412],{"className":49,"code":2411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2413,2414,2430,2445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2415,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2417,112],{"class":111},[56,2419,115],{"class":70},[56,2421,2118],{"class":111},[56,2423,115],{"class":70},[56,2425,709],{"class":66},[56,2427,444],{"class":74},[56,2429,1553],{"class":70},[56,2431,2432,2434,2436,2438,2440,2443],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2433,112],{"class":111},[56,2435,115],{"class":70},[56,2437,2118],{"class":111},[56,2439,115],{"class":70},[56,2441,2442],{"class":74},"8",[56,2444,1553],{"class":70},[56,2446,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2457,2460],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2448,112],{"class":111},[56,2450,115],{"class":70},[56,2452,2118],{"class":111},[56,2454,115],{"class":70},[56,2456,709],{"class":66},[56,2458,2459],{"class":74},"4.2",[56,2461,1553],{"class":70},[20,2463,241],{},[47,2465,2467],{"className":49,"code":2466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2468,2469,2474,2479],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2470,2471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2472,2473],{"class":74},"10\n",[56,2475,2476],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2477,2478],{"class":74},"8\n",[56,2480,2481],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2482,2483],{"class":74},"4.2\n",[20,2485,2486],{},"What each line does:",[143,2488,2489,2497,2504],{},[146,2490,2491,2494,2495],{},[15,2492,2493],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2496,444],{},[146,2498,2499,2494,2502],{},[15,2500,2501],{},"abs(8)",[15,2503,2442],{},[146,2505,2506,2494,2509],{},[15,2507,2508],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2510,2459],{},[20,2512,2513,2514,98],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[36,2515,2517],{"href":2516},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[42,2519,2521],{"id":2520},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2523,2524,2526],{},[15,2525,2082],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2528,2529,2530,2532],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2531,2218],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2534,163],{},[47,2536,2538],{"className":49,"code":2537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2539,2540,2558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2541,2542,2545,2547,2549,2552,2555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2543,2544],{"class":62},"value ",[56,2546,67],{"class":66},[56,2548,86],{"class":74},[56,2550,2551],{"class":66}," +",[56,2553,2554],{"class":74}," 4",[56,2556,2557],{"class":1638},"j\n",[56,2559,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2571],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2561,112],{"class":111},[56,2563,115],{"class":70},[56,2565,2118],{"class":111},[56,2567,115],{"class":70},[56,2569,2570],{"class":101},"value",[56,2572,1553],{"class":70},[20,2574,241],{},[47,2576,2578],{"className":49,"code":2577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n",[15,2579,2580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2581,2582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2583,2577],{"class":74},[20,2585,2586,2587,1911],{},"Why ",[15,2588,2589],{},"5.0",[143,2591,2592,2597,2603],{},[146,2593,2594,2595],{},"the real part is ",[15,2596,901],{},[146,2598,2599,2600],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2601,2602],{},"4",[146,2604,2605,2606],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2607,2589],{},[20,2609,2610],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[143,2612,2613,2620],{},[146,2614,2615,2617,2618],{},[15,2616,2082],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2619,2290],{},[146,2621,2622],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[42,2624,2626],{"id":2625},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2628,2629,2630,98],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2631,2082],{},[1030,2633,2635],{"id":2634},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2637,2638],{},"A very common pattern is:",[47,2640,2642],{"className":49,"code":2641,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2643,2644],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2645,2646,2648,2650,2653,2655,2658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2647,2118],{"class":111},[56,2649,115],{"class":70},[56,2651,2652],{"class":101},"a ",[56,2654,709],{"class":66},[56,2656,2657],{"class":101}," b",[56,2659,238],{"class":70},[20,2661,163],{},[47,2663,2665],{"className":49,"code":2664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2666,2667,2676,2686,2690,2709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2668,2669,2671,2673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2670,2652],{"class":62},[56,2672,67],{"class":66},[56,2674,2675],{"class":74}," 3\n",[56,2677,2678,2681,2683],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2679,2680],{"class":62},"b ",[56,2682,67],{"class":66},[56,2684,2685],{"class":74}," 10\n",[56,2687,2688],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2689,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,2691,2692,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,2693,2694],{"class":62},"distance ",[56,2696,67],{"class":66},[56,2698,2332],{"class":111},[56,2700,115],{"class":70},[56,2702,2652],{"class":101},[56,2704,709],{"class":66},[56,2706,2657],{"class":101},[56,2708,238],{"class":70},[56,2710,2711,2713,2715,2718],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,2712,112],{"class":111},[56,2714,115],{"class":70},[56,2716,2717],{"class":101},"distance",[56,2719,238],{"class":70},[20,2721,241],{},[47,2723,2724],{"className":49,"code":2178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2725,2726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2727,2728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2729,2178],{"class":74},[20,2731,2732],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1030,2734,2736],{"id":2735},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[47,2738,2740],{"className":49,"code":2739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2741,2742,2754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2743,2744,2747,2749,2751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2745,2746],{"class":62},"temperature_change ",[56,2748,67],{"class":66},[56,2750,2320],{"class":66},[56,2752,2753],{"class":74},"6\n",[56,2755,2756,2758,2760,2762,2764,2767],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2757,112],{"class":111},[56,2759,115],{"class":70},[56,2761,2118],{"class":111},[56,2763,115],{"class":70},[56,2765,2766],{"class":101},"temperature_change",[56,2768,1553],{"class":70},[20,2770,241],{},[47,2772,2773],{"className":49,"code":2753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2774,2775],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2776,2777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2778,2753],{"class":74},[20,2780,2781],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1030,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2787,2788,2789,2401],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2790,2082],{},[47,2792,2794],{"className":49,"code":2793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2795,2796,2808,2824,2828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2797,2798,2801,2803,2805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2799,2800],{"class":62},"balance_change ",[56,2802,67],{"class":66},[56,2804,2320],{"class":66},[56,2806,2807],{"class":74},"25\n",[56,2809,2810,2813,2815,2817,2819,2822],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2811,2812],{"class":62},"safe_value ",[56,2814,67],{"class":66},[56,2816,2332],{"class":111},[56,2818,115],{"class":70},[56,2820,2821],{"class":101},"balance_change",[56,2823,238],{"class":70},[56,2825,2826],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2827,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,2829,2830,2832,2834,2837],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,2831,112],{"class":111},[56,2833,115],{"class":70},[56,2835,2836],{"class":101},"safe_value",[56,2838,238],{"class":70},[20,2840,241],{},[47,2842,2843],{"className":49,"code":2807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2844,2845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2846,2847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2848,2807],{"class":74},[1030,2850,2852],{"id":2851},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[47,2854,2856],{"className":49,"code":2855,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2857,2858,2868,2878,2882,2902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2859,2860,2863,2865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2861,2862],{"class":62},"guess ",[56,2864,67],{"class":66},[56,2866,2867],{"class":74}," 42\n",[56,2869,2870,2873,2875],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,2871,2872],{"class":62},"target ",[56,2874,67],{"class":66},[56,2876,2877],{"class":74}," 50\n",[56,2879,2880],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,2881,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,2883,2884,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,2885,2886],{"class":62},"difference ",[56,2888,67],{"class":66},[56,2890,2332],{"class":111},[56,2892,115],{"class":70},[56,2894,2862],{"class":101},[56,2896,709],{"class":66},[56,2898,2899],{"class":101}," target",[56,2901,238],{"class":70},[56,2903,2904,2906,2908,2911],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,2905,112],{"class":111},[56,2907,115],{"class":70},[56,2909,2910],{"class":101},"difference",[56,2912,238],{"class":70},[20,2914,241],{},[47,2916,2917],{"className":49,"code":2478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,2918,2919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2920,2921],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2922,2478],{"class":74},[20,2924,2925],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[42,2927,1418],{"id":1417},[1030,2929,2931],{"id":2930},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2933,2934],{},"This causes an error:",[47,2936,2938],{"className":49,"code":2937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2939,2940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2941,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2943,112],{"class":111},[56,2945,115],{"class":70},[56,2947,2118],{"class":111},[56,2949,115],{"class":70},[56,2951,181],{"class":180},[56,2953,2235],{"class":184},[56,2955,181],{"class":180},[56,2957,1553],{"class":70},[20,2959,2960,2963,2964,2966],{},[15,2961,2962],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2965,2082],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2968,2969,2970,2976,2977,141],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[36,2971,2973],{"href":2972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2974,2975],{},"int()"," or ",[36,2978,2980],{"href":2979},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2981,2982],{},"float()",[47,2984,2986],{"className":49,"code":2985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2987,2988,3011],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2989,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2991,112],{"class":111},[56,2993,115],{"class":70},[56,2995,2118],{"class":111},[56,2997,115],{"class":70},[56,2999,2286],{"class":1545},[56,3001,115],{"class":70},[56,3003,181],{"class":180},[56,3005,2235],{"class":184},[56,3007,181],{"class":180},[56,3009,3010],{"class":70},")))\n",[56,3012,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3030,3032],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3014,112],{"class":111},[56,3016,115],{"class":70},[56,3018,2118],{"class":111},[56,3020,115],{"class":70},[56,3022,2290],{"class":1545},[56,3024,115],{"class":70},[56,3026,181],{"class":180},[56,3028,3029],{"class":184},"-3.2",[56,3031,181],{"class":180},[56,3033,3010],{"class":70},[20,3035,241],{},[47,3037,3039],{"className":49,"code":3038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3040,3041,3046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3042,3043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3044,3045],{"class":74},"5\n",[56,3047,3048],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3049,3050],{"class":74},"3.2\n",[20,3052,3053,3054,3057,3058,98],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3055,3056],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[36,3059,3061],{"href":3060},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1030,3063,3065],{"id":3064},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3067,3068],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[47,3070,3072],{"className":49,"code":3071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3073,3074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3075,3076,3078,3080,3082,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3077,112],{"class":111},[56,3079,115],{"class":70},[56,3081,2118],{"class":111},[56,3083,3084],{"class":70},"([",[56,3086,75],{"class":74},[56,3088,78],{"class":70},[56,3090,81],{"class":74},[56,3092,78],{"class":70},[56,3094,86],{"class":74},[56,3096,3097],{"class":70},"]))\n",[20,3099,3100,3101,3104],{},"This raises a ",[15,3102,3103],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1030,3106,3108],{"id":3107},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3110,3111,3113],{},[15,3112,2082],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[47,3115,3117],{"className":49,"code":3116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3118,3119,3131,3141,3145],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3120,3121,3124,3126,3128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3122,3123],{"class":62},"x ",[56,3125,67],{"class":66},[56,3127,2320],{"class":66},[56,3129,3130],{"class":74},"9\n",[56,3132,3133,3135,3137,3139],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3134,2118],{"class":111},[56,3136,115],{"class":70},[56,3138,2271],{"class":101},[56,3140,238],{"class":70},[56,3142,3143],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3144,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,3146,3147,3149,3151,3153],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,3148,112],{"class":111},[56,3150,115],{"class":70},[56,3152,2271],{"class":101},[56,3154,238],{"class":70},[20,3156,241],{},[47,3158,3160],{"className":49,"code":3159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-9\n",[15,3161,3162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3163,3164,3166],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3165,709],{"class":66},[56,3167,3130],{"class":74},[20,3169,3170],{},"If you want to store the result:",[47,3172,3174],{"className":49,"code":3173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3175,3176,3186,3200,3204],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3177,3178,3180,3182,3184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3179,3123],{"class":62},[56,3181,67],{"class":66},[56,3183,2320],{"class":66},[56,3185,3130],{"class":74},[56,3187,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3189,3123],{"class":62},[56,3191,67],{"class":66},[56,3193,2332],{"class":111},[56,3195,115],{"class":70},[56,3197,2271],{"class":101},[56,3199,238],{"class":70},[56,3201,3202],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3203,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,3205,3206,3208,3210,3212],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,3207,112],{"class":111},[56,3209,115],{"class":70},[56,3211,2271],{"class":101},[56,3213,238],{"class":70},[20,3215,241],{},[47,3217,3218],{"className":49,"code":3130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,3219,3220],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3221,3222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3223,3130],{"class":74},[1030,3225,3227],{"id":3226},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3229,3230,3232],{},[15,3231,2082],{}," does not round numbers.",[47,3234,3236],{"className":49,"code":3235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3237,3238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3239,3240,3242,3244,3246,3248,3250,3253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3241,112],{"class":111},[56,3243,115],{"class":70},[56,3245,2118],{"class":111},[56,3247,115],{"class":70},[56,3249,709],{"class":66},[56,3251,3252],{"class":74},"4.7",[56,3254,1553],{"class":70},[20,3256,241],{},[47,3258,3260],{"className":49,"code":3259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.7\n",[15,3261,3262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3263,3264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3265,3259],{"class":74},[20,3267,3268,3269,3271,3272,3274],{},"If you expected ",[15,3270,2235],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3273,2082],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[42,3276,3278],{"id":3277},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3280,3281,3283],{},[15,3282,2082],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[143,3285,3286,3293,3300],{},[146,3287,3288,3290,3291],{},[15,3289,2286],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3292,2286],{},[146,3294,3295,3297,3298],{},[15,3296,2290],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3299,2290],{},[146,3301,3302,3297,3304],{},[15,3303,2294],{},[15,3305,2290],{},[20,3307,163],{},[47,3309,3311],{"className":49,"code":3310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3312,3313,3333,3354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3314,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3316,112],{"class":111},[56,3318,115],{"class":70},[56,3320,1546],{"class":1545},[56,3322,115],{"class":70},[56,3324,2118],{"class":111},[56,3326,115],{"class":70},[56,3328,709],{"class":66},[56,3330,2235],{"class":74},[56,3332,3010],{"class":70},[56,3334,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3336,112],{"class":111},[56,3338,115],{"class":70},[56,3340,1546],{"class":1545},[56,3342,115],{"class":70},[56,3344,2118],{"class":111},[56,3346,115],{"class":70},[56,3348,709],{"class":66},[56,3350,3351],{"class":74},"3.2",[56,3353,3010],{"class":70},[56,3355,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3357,112],{"class":111},[56,3359,115],{"class":70},[56,3361,1546],{"class":1545},[56,3363,115],{"class":70},[56,3365,2118],{"class":111},[56,3367,115],{"class":70},[56,3369,901],{"class":74},[56,3371,2551],{"class":66},[56,3373,2554],{"class":74},[56,3375,2164],{"class":1638},[56,3377,3010],{"class":70},[20,3379,241],{},[47,3381,3383],{"className":49,"code":3382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3384,3385,3399,3413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3386,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3388,1635],{"class":66},[56,3390,1639],{"class":1638},[56,3392,263],{"class":180},[56,3394,2286],{"class":184},[56,3396,254],{"class":180},[56,3398,1649],{"class":66},[56,3400,3401,3403,3405,3407,3409,3411],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3402,1635],{"class":66},[56,3404,1639],{"class":1638},[56,3406,263],{"class":180},[56,3408,2290],{"class":184},[56,3410,254],{"class":180},[56,3412,1649],{"class":66},[56,3414,3415,3417,3419,3421,3423,3425],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3416,1635],{"class":66},[56,3418,1639],{"class":1638},[56,3420,263],{"class":180},[56,3422,2290],{"class":184},[56,3424,254],{"class":180},[56,3426,1649],{"class":66},[20,3428,3429],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3431,3432],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3434,3435],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[47,3437,3439],{"className":49,"code":3438,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3440,3441,3454,3464,3478,3482,3496],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3442,3443,3445,3447,3449,3452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3444,2544],{"class":62},[56,3446,67],{"class":66},[56,3448,191],{"class":180},[56,3450,3451],{"class":184},"-5",[56,3453,1476],{"class":180},[56,3455,3456,3458,3460,3462],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3457,112],{"class":111},[56,3459,115],{"class":70},[56,3461,2570],{"class":101},[56,3463,238],{"class":70},[56,3465,3466,3468,3470,3472,3474,3476],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3467,112],{"class":111},[56,3469,115],{"class":70},[56,3471,1546],{"class":1545},[56,3473,115],{"class":70},[56,3475,2570],{"class":101},[56,3477,1553],{"class":70},[56,3479,3480],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,3481,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,3483,3484,3487,3489,3491,3494],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,3485,3486],{"class":62},"user_input ",[56,3488,67],{"class":66},[56,3490,191],{"class":180},[56,3492,3493],{"class":184},"-3.7",[56,3495,1476],{"class":180},[56,3497,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510,3513],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,3499,112],{"class":111},[56,3501,115],{"class":70},[56,3503,2118],{"class":111},[56,3505,115],{"class":70},[56,3507,2290],{"class":1545},[56,3509,115],{"class":70},[56,3511,3512],{"class":101},"user_input",[56,3514,3010],{"class":70},[20,3516,241],{},[47,3518,3520],{"className":49,"code":3519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3521,3522,3528,3543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3523,3524,3526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3525,709],{"class":66},[56,3527,3045],{"class":74},[56,3529,3530,3532,3534,3536,3539,3541],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3531,1635],{"class":66},[56,3533,1639],{"class":1638},[56,3535,263],{"class":180},[56,3537,3538],{"class":184},"str",[56,3540,254],{"class":180},[56,3542,1649],{"class":66},[56,3544,3545],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3546,3547],{"class":74},"3.7\n",[42,3549,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,3551,3553],{"id":3552},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3555,3556],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1030,3558,3560],{"id":3559},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3562,3563],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1030,3565,3567],{"id":3566},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3569,3570],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1030,3572,3574],{"id":3573},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3576,3577,3579,3580,2976,3582,3584,3585,98],{},[15,3578,3056],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3581,2975],{},[15,3583,2982],{}," before using ",[15,3586,2082],{},[1030,3588,3590],{"id":3589},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3592,3593],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[42,3595,1996],{"id":1995},[143,3597,3598,3604,3610,3616,3621],{},[146,3599,3600],{},[36,3601,3602,2012],{"href":2972},[15,3603,2975],{},[146,3605,3606],{},[36,3607,3608,2012],{"href":2979},[15,3609,2982],{},[146,3611,3612],{},[36,3613,3614,2012],{"href":2396},[15,3615,2399],{},[146,3617,3618],{},[36,3619,3620],{"href":3060},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[146,3622,3623],{},[36,3624,2517],{"href":2516},[2028,3626,3627],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":3629},[3630,3631,3632,3633,3634,3635,3641,3647,3648,3655],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":2196,"depth":92,"text":2197},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":2404,"depth":92,"text":2405},{"id":2520,"depth":92,"text":2521},{"id":2625,"depth":92,"text":2626,"children":3636},[3637,3638,3639,3640],{"id":2634,"depth":108,"text":2635},{"id":2735,"depth":108,"text":2736},{"id":2784,"depth":108,"text":2785},{"id":2851,"depth":108,"text":2852},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":3642},[3643,3644,3645,3646],{"id":2930,"depth":108,"text":2931},{"id":3064,"depth":108,"text":3065},{"id":3107,"depth":108,"text":3108},{"id":3226,"depth":108,"text":3227},{"id":3277,"depth":92,"text":3278},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":3649},[3650,3651,3652,3653,3654],{"id":3552,"depth":108,"text":3553},{"id":3559,"depth":108,"text":3560},{"id":3566,"depth":108,"text":3567},{"id":3573,"depth":108,"text":3574},{"id":3589,"depth":108,"text":3590},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2071,"description":3656},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3663,"title":3664,"body":3665,"description":5360,"extension":2062,"meta":5361,"navigation":600,"path":5362,"seo":5363,"stem":5364,"__hash__":5365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3666,"toc":5324},[3667,3674,3680,3683,3700,3702,3755,3765,3770,3774,3793,3796,3813,3816,3820,3828,3845,3848,3887,3890,3897,3903,3978,3980,4011,4017,4021,4025,4064,4066,4075,4082,4086,4125,4127,4136,4146,4150,4203,4205,4213,4216,4219,4266,4268,4276,4282,4289,4294,4297,4300,4366,4368,4376,4379,4446,4448,4456,4470,4473,4485,4489,4495,4498,4500,4516,4518,4526,4529,4532,4535,4552,4555,4558,4588,4590,4603,4607,4611,4614,4629,4634,4637,4664,4671,4674,4714,4720,4726,4734,4737,4789,4796,4860,4865,4874,4877,4895,4901,4904,5046,5051,5056,5059,5070,5073,5129,5131,5139,5142,5201,5203,5211,5214,5225,5227,5234,5243,5252,5255,5262,5265,5274,5287,5289,5321],[10,3668,2009,3670,3673],{"id":3669},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3671,3672],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3675,3676,3677,3679],{},"Python’s ",[15,3678,3672],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3681,3682],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[143,3684,3685,3688,3691],{},[146,3686,3687],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[146,3689,3690],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[146,3692,3693,2494,3696,3699],{},[15,3694,3695],{},"all([])",[15,3697,3698],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[42,3701,45],{"id":44},[47,3703,3705],{"className":49,"code":3704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3706,3707,3727,3742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3708,3709,3711,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721,3723,3725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3710,63],{"class":62},[56,3712,67],{"class":66},[56,3714,71],{"class":70},[56,3716,75],{"class":74},[56,3718,78],{"class":70},[56,3720,81],{"class":74},[56,3722,78],{"class":70},[56,3724,86],{"class":74},[56,3726,89],{"class":70},[56,3728,3729,3731,3733,3736,3738,3740],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3730,1156],{"class":62},[56,3732,67],{"class":66},[56,3734,3735],{"class":111}," all",[56,3737,115],{"class":70},[56,3739,95],{"class":101},[56,3741,238],{"class":70},[56,3743,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3745,112],{"class":111},[56,3747,115],{"class":70},[56,3749,1190],{"class":101},[56,3751,120],{"class":70},[56,3753,3754],{"class":123},"  # True\n",[20,3756,3757,2494,3759,3761,3762,98],{},[15,3758,3672],{},[15,3760,3698],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3763,3764],{},"False",[42,3766,133,3768,136],{"id":3767},"what-all-does",[15,3769,3672],{},[20,3771,3772,141],{},[15,3773,3672],{},[143,3775,3776,3779,3785,3790],{},[146,3777,3778],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[146,3780,3781,3782,3784],{},"returns ",[15,3783,3698],{}," if all items are truthy",[146,3786,3781,3787,3789],{},[15,3788,3764],{}," if any item is falsy",[146,3791,3792],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3794,3795],{},"Basic syntax:",[47,3797,3799],{"className":49,"code":3798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3800,3801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3802,3803,3806,3808,3811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3804,3805],{"class":111},"all",[56,3807,115],{"class":70},[56,3809,3810],{"class":101},"iterable",[56,3812,238],{"class":70},[20,3814,3815],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[42,3817,3819],{"id":3818},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3821,3822,3823,2976,3825,3827],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3824,3698],{},[15,3826,3764],{}," in conditions.",[143,3829,3830,3838],{},[146,3831,3832,3835,3836],{},[540,3833,3834],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3837,3698],{},[146,3839,3840,3835,3843],{},[540,3841,3842],{},"Falsy",[15,3844,3764],{},[20,3846,3847],{},"Common falsy values include:",[143,3849,3850,3854,3859,3864,3868,3872,3877,3882],{},[146,3851,3852],{},[15,3853,2218],{},[146,3855,3856],{},[15,3857,3858],{},"0.0",[146,3860,3861],{},[15,3862,3863],{},"''",[146,3865,3866],{},[15,3867,157],{},[146,3869,3870],{},[15,3871,3764],{},[146,3873,3874],{},[15,3875,3876],{},"[]",[146,3878,3879],{},[15,3880,3881],{},"{}",[146,3883,3884],{},[15,3885,3886],{},"set()",[20,3888,3889],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3891,3892,3893,98],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[36,3894,3896],{"href":3895},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3898,3899,3900,141],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3901,3902],{},"bool()",[47,3904,3906],{"className":49,"code":3905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3907,3908,3944,3948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3909,3910,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3924,3926,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3911,3912],{"class":62},"values ",[56,3914,67],{"class":66},[56,3916,71],{"class":70},[56,3918,75],{"class":74},[56,3920,78],{"class":70},[56,3922,3923],{"class":74}," 0",[56,3925,78],{"class":70},[56,3927,3928],{"class":180}," ''",[56,3930,78],{"class":70},[56,3932,263],{"class":180},[56,3934,1473],{"class":184},[56,3936,254],{"class":180},[56,3938,78],{"class":70},[56,3940,3941],{"class":893}," None",[56,3943,89],{"class":70},[56,3945,3946],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,3947,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,3949,3950,3952,3954,3957,3959,3961,3963,3967,3970,3973,3976],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,3951,112],{"class":111},[56,3953,3084],{"class":70},[56,3955,3956],{"class":1545},"bool",[56,3958,115],{"class":70},[56,3960,2271],{"class":101},[56,3962,120],{"class":70},[56,3964,3966],{"class":3965},"sVHd0"," for",[56,3968,3969],{"class":101}," x ",[56,3971,3972],{"class":3965},"in",[56,3974,3975],{"class":101}," values",[56,3977,1607],{"class":70},[20,3979,241],{},[47,3981,3983],{"className":49,"code":3982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3984,3985],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3986,3987,3989,3991,3993,3996,3998,4000,4002,4005,4007,4009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3988,251],{"class":70},[56,3990,3698],{"class":893},[56,3992,78],{"class":70},[56,3994,3995],{"class":893}," False",[56,3997,78],{"class":70},[56,3999,3995],{"class":893},[56,4001,78],{"class":70},[56,4003,4004],{"class":893}," True",[56,4006,78],{"class":70},[56,4008,3995],{"class":893},[56,4010,89],{"class":70},[20,4012,4013,4014,4016],{},"This matters because ",[15,4015,3672],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[42,4018,4020],{"id":4019},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1030,4022,4024],{"id":4023},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[47,4026,4028],{"className":49,"code":4027,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4029,4030,4050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4031,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4033,63],{"class":62},[56,4035,67],{"class":66},[56,4037,71],{"class":70},[56,4039,75],{"class":74},[56,4041,78],{"class":70},[56,4043,81],{"class":74},[56,4045,78],{"class":70},[56,4047,86],{"class":74},[56,4049,89],{"class":70},[56,4051,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060,4062],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4053,112],{"class":111},[56,4055,115],{"class":70},[56,4057,3805],{"class":111},[56,4059,115],{"class":70},[56,4061,95],{"class":101},[56,4063,1553],{"class":70},[20,4065,241],{},[47,4067,4069],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n",[15,4070,4071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4072,4073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4074,4068],{"class":893},[20,4076,4077,4078,2494,4080,98],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4079,3672],{},[15,4081,3698],{},[1030,4083,4085],{"id":4084},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[47,4087,4089],{"className":49,"code":4088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4090,4091,4111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4094,63],{"class":62},[56,4096,67],{"class":66},[56,4098,71],{"class":70},[56,4100,75],{"class":74},[56,4102,78],{"class":70},[56,4104,3923],{"class":74},[56,4106,78],{"class":70},[56,4108,86],{"class":74},[56,4110,89],{"class":70},[56,4112,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4114,112],{"class":111},[56,4116,115],{"class":70},[56,4118,3805],{"class":111},[56,4120,115],{"class":70},[56,4122,95],{"class":101},[56,4124,1553],{"class":70},[20,4126,241],{},[47,4128,4130],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\n",[15,4131,4132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4133,4134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4135,4129],{"class":893},[20,4137,4138,4139,4141,4142,2494,4144,98],{},"The value ",[15,4140,2218],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4143,3672],{},[15,4145,3764],{},[1030,4147,4149],{"id":4148},"example-strings","Example: strings",[47,4151,4153],{"className":49,"code":4152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4154,4155,4188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4156,4157,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4158,4159],{"class":62},"words ",[56,4161,67],{"class":66},[56,4163,71],{"class":70},[56,4165,254],{"class":180},[56,4167,562],{"class":184},[56,4169,254],{"class":180},[56,4171,78],{"class":70},[56,4173,263],{"class":180},[56,4175,571],{"class":184},[56,4177,254],{"class":180},[56,4179,78],{"class":70},[56,4181,263],{"class":180},[56,4183,580],{"class":184},[56,4185,254],{"class":180},[56,4187,89],{"class":70},[56,4189,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4201],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4191,112],{"class":111},[56,4193,115],{"class":70},[56,4195,3805],{"class":111},[56,4197,115],{"class":70},[56,4199,4200],{"class":101},"words",[56,4202,1553],{"class":70},[20,4204,241],{},[47,4206,4207],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4208,4209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4210,4211],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4212,4068],{"class":893},[20,4214,4215],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4217,4218],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[47,4220,4222],{"className":49,"code":4221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4223,4224,4252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4225,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4227,4159],{"class":62},[56,4229,67],{"class":66},[56,4231,71],{"class":70},[56,4233,254],{"class":180},[56,4235,562],{"class":184},[56,4237,254],{"class":180},[56,4239,78],{"class":70},[56,4241,3928],{"class":180},[56,4243,78],{"class":70},[56,4245,263],{"class":180},[56,4247,580],{"class":184},[56,4249,254],{"class":180},[56,4251,89],{"class":70},[56,4253,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4255,112],{"class":111},[56,4257,115],{"class":70},[56,4259,3805],{"class":111},[56,4261,115],{"class":70},[56,4263,4200],{"class":101},[56,4265,1553],{"class":70},[20,4267,241],{},[47,4269,4270],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4271,4272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4273,4274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4275,4129],{"class":893},[20,4277,4278,4279,4281],{},"The empty string ",[15,4280,3863],{}," is falsy.",[42,4283,4285,4286,4288],{"id":4284},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4287,3672],{}," works with conditions",[20,4290,4291,4293],{},[15,4292,3672],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4295,4296],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4298,4299],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[47,4301,4303],{"className":49,"code":4302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4304,4305,4325,4352,4356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4306,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4308,63],{"class":62},[56,4310,67],{"class":66},[56,4312,71],{"class":70},[56,4314,75],{"class":74},[56,4316,78],{"class":70},[56,4318,81],{"class":74},[56,4320,78],{"class":70},[56,4322,86],{"class":74},[56,4324,89],{"class":70},[56,4326,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4328,1156],{"class":62},[56,4330,67],{"class":66},[56,4332,3735],{"class":111},[56,4334,115],{"class":70},[56,4336,3123],{"class":101},[56,4338,4339],{"class":66},">",[56,4341,3923],{"class":74},[56,4343,3966],{"class":3965},[56,4345,3969],{"class":101},[56,4347,3972],{"class":3965},[56,4349,850],{"class":101},[56,4351,238],{"class":70},[56,4353,4354],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,4355,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,4359,112],{"class":111},[56,4361,115],{"class":70},[56,4363,1190],{"class":101},[56,4365,238],{"class":70},[20,4367,241],{},[47,4369,4370],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4371,4372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4373,4374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4375,4068],{"class":893},[20,4377,4378],{},"Here is one that fails:",[47,4380,4382],{"className":49,"code":4381,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4383,4384,4406,4432,4436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4385,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4387,63],{"class":62},[56,4389,67],{"class":66},[56,4391,71],{"class":70},[56,4393,75],{"class":74},[56,4395,78],{"class":70},[56,4397,2320],{"class":66},[56,4399,1097],{"class":74},[56,4401,78],{"class":70},[56,4403,86],{"class":74},[56,4405,89],{"class":70},[56,4407,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4409,1156],{"class":62},[56,4411,67],{"class":66},[56,4413,3735],{"class":111},[56,4415,115],{"class":70},[56,4417,3123],{"class":101},[56,4419,4339],{"class":66},[56,4421,3923],{"class":74},[56,4423,3966],{"class":3965},[56,4425,3969],{"class":101},[56,4427,3972],{"class":3965},[56,4429,850],{"class":101},[56,4431,238],{"class":70},[56,4433,4434],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,4435,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,4439,112],{"class":111},[56,4441,115],{"class":70},[56,4443,1190],{"class":101},[56,4445,238],{"class":70},[20,4447,241],{},[47,4449,4450],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4451,4452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4453,4454],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4455,4129],{"class":893},[20,4457,4458,4459,4462,4463,4465,4466,2494,4468,98],{},"The expression ",[15,4460,4461],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4464,3698],{},", then ",[15,4467,3672],{},[15,4469,3698],{},[20,4471,4472],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4474,4475,4476,4480,4481,98],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[36,4477,4479],{"href":4478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[36,4482,4484],{"href":4483},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[42,4486,4488],{"id":4487},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4490,4491,2494,4493,98],{},[15,4492,3695],{},[15,4494,3698],{},[20,4496,4497],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4499,163],{},[47,4501,4503],{"className":49,"code":4502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4504,4505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4506,4507,4509,4511,4513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4508,112],{"class":111},[56,4510,115],{"class":70},[56,4512,3805],{"class":111},[56,4514,4515],{"class":70},"([]))\n",[20,4517,241],{},[47,4519,4520],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4521,4522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4523,4524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4525,4068],{"class":893},[20,4527,4528],{},"Why?",[20,4530,4531],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4533,4534],{},"Think of it this way:",[143,4536,4537,4544,4547],{},[146,4538,4539,2494,4541,4543],{},[15,4540,3672],{},[15,4542,3764],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[146,4545,4546],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[146,4548,4549,4550],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4551,3764],{},[20,4553,4554],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4556,4557],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[47,4559,4561],{"className":49,"code":4560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4562,4563,4574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4564,4565,4567,4569,4571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4566,112],{"class":111},[56,4568,115],{"class":70},[56,4570,3805],{"class":111},[56,4572,4573],{"class":70},"(()))\n",[56,4575,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4577,112],{"class":111},[56,4579,115],{"class":70},[56,4581,3805],{"class":111},[56,4583,115],{"class":70},[56,4585,3863],{"class":180},[56,4587,1553],{"class":70},[20,4589,241],{},[47,4591,4593],{"className":49,"code":4592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4594,4595,4599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4596,4597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4598,4068],{"class":893},[56,4600,4601],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4602,4068],{"class":893},[42,4604,4606],{"id":4605},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1030,4608,4610],{"id":4609},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4612,4613],{},"This is wrong:",[47,4615,4617],{"className":49,"code":4616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4618,4619,4624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4620,4621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4622,4623],{"class":123},"# Wrong\n",[56,4625,4626],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4627,4628],{"class":123},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4630,4631,4633],{},[15,4632,3672],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4635,4636],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[47,4638,4640],{"className":49,"code":4639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4641,4642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4643,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4645,112],{"class":111},[56,4647,115],{"class":70},[56,4649,3805],{"class":111},[56,4651,3084],{"class":70},[56,4653,75],{"class":74},[56,4655,78],{"class":70},[56,4657,81],{"class":74},[56,4659,78],{"class":70},[56,4661,86],{"class":74},[56,4663,3097],{"class":70},[1030,4665,4667,4668,4670],{"id":4666},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4669,3672],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4672,4673],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[47,4675,4677],{"className":49,"code":4676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4678,4679,4700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4680,4681,4683,4685,4687,4689,4691,4694,4696,4698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4682,63],{"class":62},[56,4684,67],{"class":66},[56,4686,71],{"class":70},[56,4688,2235],{"class":74},[56,4690,78],{"class":70},[56,4692,4693],{"class":74}," 5",[56,4695,78],{"class":70},[56,4697,4693],{"class":74},[56,4699,89],{"class":70},[56,4701,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4703,112],{"class":111},[56,4705,115],{"class":70},[56,4707,3805],{"class":111},[56,4709,115],{"class":70},[56,4711,95],{"class":101},[56,4713,1553],{"class":70},[20,4715,4716,4717,4719],{},"This does ",[540,4718,931],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4721,4722,4723,4725],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4724,2235],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[47,4727,4728],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,4729,4730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4731,4732],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4733,4068],{"class":893},[20,4735,4736],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[47,4738,4740],{"className":49,"code":4739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4741,4742,4762],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4743,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4745,63],{"class":62},[56,4747,67],{"class":66},[56,4749,71],{"class":70},[56,4751,2235],{"class":74},[56,4753,78],{"class":70},[56,4755,4693],{"class":74},[56,4757,78],{"class":70},[56,4759,4693],{"class":74},[56,4761,89],{"class":70},[56,4763,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4765,112],{"class":111},[56,4767,115],{"class":70},[56,4769,3805],{"class":111},[56,4771,115],{"class":70},[56,4773,3123],{"class":101},[56,4775,4776],{"class":66},"==",[56,4778,4693],{"class":74},[56,4780,3966],{"class":3965},[56,4782,3969],{"class":101},[56,4784,3972],{"class":3965},[56,4786,850],{"class":101},[56,4788,1553],{"class":70},[1030,4790,4792,4793,4795],{"id":4791},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4794,2218],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[47,4797,4799],{"className":49,"code":4798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4800,4801,4827],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4802,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821,4824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4804,112],{"class":111},[56,4806,115],{"class":70},[56,4808,3805],{"class":111},[56,4810,3084],{"class":70},[56,4812,75],{"class":74},[56,4814,78],{"class":70},[56,4816,81],{"class":74},[56,4818,78],{"class":70},[56,4820,3923],{"class":74},[56,4822,4823],{"class":70},"]))",[56,4825,4826],{"class":123},"       # False\n",[56,4828,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4830,112],{"class":111},[56,4832,115],{"class":70},[56,4834,3805],{"class":111},[56,4836,3084],{"class":70},[56,4838,254],{"class":180},[56,4840,36],{"class":184},[56,4842,254],{"class":180},[56,4844,78],{"class":70},[56,4846,263],{"class":180},[56,4848,194],{"class":184},[56,4850,254],{"class":180},[56,4852,78],{"class":70},[56,4854,3928],{"class":180},[56,4856,4823],{"class":70},[56,4858,4859],{"class":123},"  # False\n",[20,4861,4862,4863,98],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4864,3764],{},[1030,4866,4868,4869,4871,4872],{"id":4867},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4870,3695],{}," is ",[15,4873,3698],{},[20,4875,4876],{},"This is expected behavior:",[47,4878,4880],{"className":49,"code":4879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4881,4882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4883,4884,4886,4888,4890,4893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4885,112],{"class":111},[56,4887,115],{"class":70},[56,4889,3805],{"class":111},[56,4891,4892],{"class":70},"([]))",[56,4894,3754],{"class":123},[20,4896,4897,4898,4900],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4899,3698],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4902,4903],{},"Useful quick tests:",[47,4905,4907],{"className":49,"code":4906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4908,4909,4931,4953,5000,5036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4910,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4912,112],{"class":111},[56,4914,115],{"class":70},[56,4916,3805],{"class":111},[56,4918,3084],{"class":70},[56,4920,75],{"class":74},[56,4922,78],{"class":70},[56,4924,81],{"class":74},[56,4926,78],{"class":70},[56,4928,86],{"class":74},[56,4930,3097],{"class":70},[56,4932,4933,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,4934,112],{"class":111},[56,4936,115],{"class":70},[56,4938,3805],{"class":111},[56,4940,3084],{"class":70},[56,4942,75],{"class":74},[56,4944,78],{"class":70},[56,4946,3923],{"class":74},[56,4948,78],{"class":70},[56,4950,86],{"class":74},[56,4952,3097],{"class":70},[56,4954,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,4956,112],{"class":111},[56,4958,3084],{"class":70},[56,4960,3956],{"class":1545},[56,4962,115],{"class":70},[56,4964,2271],{"class":101},[56,4966,120],{"class":70},[56,4968,3966],{"class":3965},[56,4970,3969],{"class":101},[56,4972,3972],{"class":3965},[56,4974,71],{"class":70},[56,4976,75],{"class":74},[56,4978,78],{"class":70},[56,4980,3923],{"class":74},[56,4982,78],{"class":70},[56,4984,3928],{"class":180},[56,4986,78],{"class":70},[56,4988,263],{"class":180},[56,4990,1473],{"class":184},[56,4992,254],{"class":180},[56,4994,78],{"class":70},[56,4996,3941],{"class":893},[56,4998,4999],{"class":70},"]])\n",[56,5001,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,5003,112],{"class":111},[56,5005,115],{"class":70},[56,5007,3805],{"class":111},[56,5009,115],{"class":70},[56,5011,3123],{"class":101},[56,5013,4339],{"class":66},[56,5015,3923],{"class":74},[56,5017,3966],{"class":3965},[56,5019,3969],{"class":101},[56,5021,3972],{"class":3965},[56,5023,71],{"class":70},[56,5025,75],{"class":74},[56,5027,78],{"class":70},[56,5029,81],{"class":74},[56,5031,78],{"class":70},[56,5033,86],{"class":74},[56,5035,3097],{"class":70},[56,5037,5038,5040,5042,5044],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,5039,112],{"class":111},[56,5041,115],{"class":70},[56,5043,3805],{"class":111},[56,5045,4515],{"class":70},[42,5047,1389,5049],{"id":5048},"when-to-use-all",[15,5050,3672],{},[20,5052,5053,5055],{},[15,5054,3672],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5057,5058],{},"Common use cases:",[143,5060,5061,5064,5067],{},[146,5062,5063],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[146,5065,5066],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[146,5068,5069],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5071,5072],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[47,5074,5076],{"className":49,"code":5075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5077,5078,5114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5079,5080,5083,5085,5087,5089,5092,5094,5096,5098,5101,5103,5105,5107,5110,5112],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5081,5082],{"class":62},"names ",[56,5084,67],{"class":66},[56,5086,71],{"class":70},[56,5088,254],{"class":180},[56,5090,5091],{"class":184},"Alice",[56,5093,254],{"class":180},[56,5095,78],{"class":70},[56,5097,263],{"class":180},[56,5099,5100],{"class":184},"Bob",[56,5102,254],{"class":180},[56,5104,78],{"class":70},[56,5106,263],{"class":180},[56,5108,5109],{"class":184},"Charlie",[56,5111,254],{"class":180},[56,5113,89],{"class":70},[56,5115,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5127],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5117,112],{"class":111},[56,5119,115],{"class":70},[56,5121,3805],{"class":111},[56,5123,115],{"class":70},[56,5125,5126],{"class":101},"names",[56,5128,1553],{"class":70},[20,5130,241],{},[47,5132,5133],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5134,5135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5136,5137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5138,4068],{"class":893},[20,5140,5141],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[47,5143,5145],{"className":49,"code":5144,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5146,5147,5171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5148,5149,5152,5154,5156,5159,5161,5164,5166,5169],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5150,5151],{"class":62},"scores ",[56,5153,67],{"class":66},[56,5155,71],{"class":70},[56,5157,5158],{"class":74},"75",[56,5160,78],{"class":70},[56,5162,5163],{"class":74}," 80",[56,5165,78],{"class":70},[56,5167,5168],{"class":74}," 50",[56,5170,89],{"class":70},[56,5172,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5184,5187,5189,5191,5194,5196,5199],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5174,112],{"class":111},[56,5176,115],{"class":70},[56,5178,3805],{"class":111},[56,5180,115],{"class":70},[56,5182,5183],{"class":101},"score ",[56,5185,5186],{"class":66},">=",[56,5188,5168],{"class":74},[56,5190,3966],{"class":3965},[56,5192,5193],{"class":101}," score ",[56,5195,3972],{"class":3965},[56,5197,5198],{"class":101}," scores",[56,5200,1553],{"class":70},[20,5202,241],{},[47,5204,5205],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5206,5207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5208,5209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5210,4068],{"class":893},[20,5212,5213],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5215,5216,5217,4480,5221,98],{},"For related tasks, see ",[36,5218,5220],{"href":5219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[36,5222,5224],{"href":5223},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[42,5226,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,5228,5230,5231,5233],{"id":5229},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5232,3672],{}," return in Python?",[20,5235,5236,5237,5239,5240,5242],{},"It returns ",[15,5238,3698],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5241,3764],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1030,5244,5246,5247,5249,5250,1911],{"id":5245},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5248,3695],{}," return ",[15,5251,3698],{},[20,5253,5254],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1030,5256,5258,5259,5261],{"id":5257},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5260,3672],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5263,5264],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1030,5266,5268,5269,4480,5271,1911],{"id":5267},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5270,3672],{},[15,5272,5273],{},"any()",[20,5275,5276,5278,5279,5281,5282,98],{},[15,5277,3672],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5280,5273],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[36,5283,2009,5285,2012],{"href":5284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5286,5273],{},[42,5288,1996],{"id":1995},[143,5290,5291,5297,5301,5306,5311,5316],{},[146,5292,5293],{},[36,5294,2009,5295,2012],{"href":5284},[15,5296,5273],{},[146,5298,5299],{},[36,5300,3896],{"href":3895},[146,5302,5303],{},[36,5304,5305],{"href":5223},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[146,5307,5308],{},[36,5309,5310],{"href":5219},"How to filter a list in Python",[146,5312,5313],{},[36,5314,5315],{"href":4478},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[146,5317,5318],{},[36,5319,5320],{"href":4483},"What is an iterable in Python",[2028,5322,5323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":5325},[5326,5327,5329,5330,5335,5337,5338,5347,5349,5359],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":3767,"depth":92,"text":5328},"What all() does",{"id":3818,"depth":92,"text":3819},{"id":4019,"depth":92,"text":4020,"children":5331},[5332,5333,5334],{"id":4023,"depth":108,"text":4024},{"id":4084,"depth":108,"text":4085},{"id":4148,"depth":108,"text":4149},{"id":4284,"depth":92,"text":5336},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4487,"depth":92,"text":4488},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":5339},[5340,5341,5343,5345],{"id":4609,"depth":108,"text":4610},{"id":4666,"depth":108,"text":5342},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4791,"depth":108,"text":5344},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4867,"depth":108,"text":5346},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5048,"depth":92,"text":5348},"When to use all()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":5350},[5351,5353,5355,5357],{"id":5229,"depth":108,"text":5352},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5245,"depth":108,"text":5354},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5257,"depth":108,"text":5356},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5267,"depth":108,"text":5358},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3664,"description":5360},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5367,"title":5368,"body":5369,"description":7057,"extension":2062,"meta":7058,"navigation":600,"path":5284,"seo":7059,"stem":7060,"__hash__":7061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5370,"toc":7035},[5371,5374,5382,5385,5402,5410,5454,5463,5467,5472,5475,5492,5495,5506,5518,5522,5525,5540,5545,5548,5560,5563,5647,5650,5671,5677,5679,5687,5701,5703,5737,5739,5742,5803,5805,5822,5825,5852,5854,5862,5874,5878,5881,5920,5922,5930,5932,5948,5956,5959,6002,6004,6012,6017,6021,6029,6032,6059,6062,6065,6138,6140,6148,6155,6179,6190,6193,6272,6274,6282,6289,6293,6298,6313,6315,6323,6326,6332,6335,6381,6383,6400,6404,6409,6420,6423,6535,6538,6597,6603,6605,6610,6614,6616,6635,6641,6644,6663,6667,6676,6703,6705,6713,6721,6725,6731,6754,6756,6764,6771,6775,6778,6829,6832,6883,6886,6888,6892,6899,6903,6910,6914,6922,6926,6929,6951,6953,7003,7005,7032],[10,5372,5368],{"id":5373},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5375,5376,5378,5379,98],{},[15,5377,5273],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[540,5380,5381],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5383,5384],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[143,5386,5387,5390,5393,5396,5399],{},[146,5388,5389],{},"lists",[146,5391,5392],{},"tuples",[146,5394,5395],{},"sets",[146,5397,5398],{},"strings",[146,5400,5401],{},"generator expressions",[20,5403,5404,5405,2976,5407,5409],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5406,3698],{},[15,5408,3764],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[47,5411,5413],{"className":49,"code":5412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5414,5415,5435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5416,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431,5433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5418,3912],{"class":62},[56,5420,67],{"class":66},[56,5422,71],{"class":70},[56,5424,2218],{"class":74},[56,5426,78],{"class":70},[56,5428,3928],{"class":180},[56,5430,78],{"class":70},[56,5432,4693],{"class":74},[56,5434,89],{"class":70},[56,5436,5437,5439,5441,5444,5446,5449,5452],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5438,112],{"class":111},[56,5440,115],{"class":70},[56,5442,5443],{"class":111},"any",[56,5445,115],{"class":70},[56,5447,5448],{"class":101},"values",[56,5450,5451],{"class":70},"))",[56,5453,3754],{"class":123},[20,5455,650,5456,5459,5460,5462],{},[15,5457,5458],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5461,3698],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[42,5464,5466],{"id":5465},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5468,5469,5471],{},[15,5470,5273],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5473,5474],{},"It returns:",[143,5476,5477,5482,5487],{},[146,5478,5479,5481],{},[15,5480,3698],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[146,5483,5484,5486],{},[15,5485,3764],{}," if all items are falsy",[146,5488,5489,5491],{},[15,5490,3764],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5493,5494],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[143,5496,5497,5500,5503],{},[146,5498,5499],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[146,5501,5502],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[146,5504,5505],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5507,5508,5509,5512,5513,98],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[540,5510,5511],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[36,5514,5516],{"href":5515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5517,3672],{},[42,5519,5521],{"id":5520},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5523,5524],{},"The syntax is simple:",[47,5526,5528],{"className":49,"code":5527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5529,5530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5531,5532,5534,5536,5538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5533,5443],{"class":111},[56,5535,115],{"class":70},[56,5537,3810],{"class":101},[56,5539,238],{"class":70},[20,5541,5542,5543,98],{},"The argument must be an ",[540,5544,3810],{},[20,5546,5547],{},"Common inputs include:",[143,5549,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558],{},[146,5551,5389],{},[146,5553,5392],{},[146,5555,5395],{},[146,5557,5398],{},[146,5559,5401],{},[20,5561,5562],{},"For example:",[47,5564,5566],{"className":49,"code":5565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5567,5568,5590,5609,5629],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5569,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5571,112],{"class":111},[56,5573,115],{"class":70},[56,5575,5443],{"class":111},[56,5577,3084],{"class":70},[56,5579,2218],{"class":74},[56,5581,78],{"class":70},[56,5583,3923],{"class":74},[56,5585,78],{"class":70},[56,5587,910],{"class":74},[56,5589,3097],{"class":70},[56,5591,5592,5594,5596,5598,5601,5603,5605,5607],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5593,112],{"class":111},[56,5595,115],{"class":70},[56,5597,5443],{"class":111},[56,5599,5600],{"class":70},"((",[56,5602,3764],{"class":893},[56,5604,78],{"class":70},[56,5606,3995],{"class":893},[56,5608,3010],{"class":70},[56,5610,5611,5613,5615,5617,5620,5622,5624,5626],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,5612,112],{"class":111},[56,5614,115],{"class":70},[56,5616,5443],{"class":111},[56,5618,5619],{"class":70},"({",[56,5621,2218],{"class":74},[56,5623,78],{"class":70},[56,5625,81],{"class":74},[56,5627,5628],{"class":70},"}))\n",[56,5630,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,5632,112],{"class":111},[56,5634,115],{"class":70},[56,5636,5443],{"class":111},[56,5638,115],{"class":70},[56,5640,181],{"class":180},[56,5642,1473],{"class":184},[56,5644,181],{"class":180},[56,5646,1553],{"class":70},[20,5648,5649],{},"Expected output:",[47,5651,5653],{"className":49,"code":5652,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5654,5655,5659,5663,5667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5656,5657],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5658,4068],{"class":893},[56,5660,5661],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5662,4129],{"class":893},[56,5664,5665],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,5666,4068],{"class":893},[56,5668,5669],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,5670,4068],{"class":893},[20,5672,5673,5674,98],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[36,5675,5224],{"href":5676},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[42,5678,3819],{"id":3818},[20,5680,3822,5681,2976,5684,3827],{},[540,5682,5683],{},"truthy",[540,5685,5686],{},"falsy",[143,5688,5689,5695],{},[146,5690,5691,3835,5693],{},[540,5692,3834],{},[15,5694,3698],{},[146,5696,5697,3835,5699],{},[540,5698,3842],{},[15,5700,3764],{},[20,5702,3847],{},[143,5704,5705,5709,5713,5717,5721,5725,5729,5733],{},[146,5706,5707],{},[15,5708,3764],{},[146,5710,5711],{},[15,5712,2218],{},[146,5714,5715],{},[15,5716,3858],{},[146,5718,5719],{},[15,5720,3863],{},[146,5722,5723],{},[15,5724,3876],{},[146,5726,5727],{},[15,5728,3881],{},[146,5730,5731],{},[15,5732,3886],{},[146,5734,5735],{},[15,5736,157],{},[20,5738,3889],{},[20,5740,5741],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[47,5743,5745],{"className":49,"code":5744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5746,5747,5761,5779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5748,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5750,112],{"class":111},[56,5752,115],{"class":70},[56,5754,5443],{"class":111},[56,5756,3084],{"class":70},[56,5758,75],{"class":74},[56,5760,3097],{"class":70},[56,5762,5763,5765,5767,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5764,112],{"class":111},[56,5766,115],{"class":70},[56,5768,5443],{"class":111},[56,5770,3084],{"class":70},[56,5772,254],{"class":180},[56,5774,1473],{"class":184},[56,5776,254],{"class":180},[56,5778,3097],{"class":70},[56,5780,5781,5783,5785,5787,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,5782,112],{"class":111},[56,5784,115],{"class":70},[56,5786,5443],{"class":111},[56,5788,5789],{"class":70},"([[",[56,5791,75],{"class":74},[56,5793,78],{"class":70},[56,5795,81],{"class":74},[56,5797,78],{"class":70},[56,5799,86],{"class":74},[56,5801,5802],{"class":70},"]]))\n",[20,5804,5649],{},[47,5806,5808],{"className":49,"code":5807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5809,5810,5814,5818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5811,5812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5813,4068],{"class":893},[56,5815,5816],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5817,4068],{"class":893},[56,5819,5820],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,5821,4068],{"class":893},[20,5823,5824],{},"And these are all falsy:",[47,5826,5828],{"className":49,"code":5827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5829,5830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5831,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5833,112],{"class":111},[56,5835,115],{"class":70},[56,5837,5443],{"class":111},[56,5839,3084],{"class":70},[56,5841,2218],{"class":74},[56,5843,78],{"class":70},[56,5845,3928],{"class":180},[56,5847,78],{"class":70},[56,5849,3941],{"class":893},[56,5851,3097],{"class":70},[20,5853,5649],{},[47,5855,5856],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5857,5858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5859,5860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5861,4129],{"class":893},[20,5863,5864,5865,4480,5868,98],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[36,5866,3896],{"href":5867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[36,5869,5871,5873],{"href":5870},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5872,3902],{}," explained",[42,5875,5877],{"id":5876},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5879,5880],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[47,5882,5884],{"className":49,"code":5883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5885,5886,5906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5887,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5889,3912],{"class":62},[56,5891,67],{"class":66},[56,5893,71],{"class":70},[56,5895,2218],{"class":74},[56,5897,78],{"class":70},[56,5899,3928],{"class":180},[56,5901,78],{"class":70},[56,5903,4693],{"class":74},[56,5905,89],{"class":70},[56,5907,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5909,112],{"class":111},[56,5911,115],{"class":70},[56,5913,5443],{"class":111},[56,5915,115],{"class":70},[56,5917,5448],{"class":101},[56,5919,1553],{"class":70},[20,5921,241],{},[47,5923,5924],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,5925,5926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5927,5928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5929,4068],{"class":893},[20,5931,4528],{},[143,5933,5934,5939,5943],{},[146,5935,5936,5938],{},[15,5937,2218],{}," is falsy",[146,5940,5941,5938],{},[15,5942,3863],{},[146,5944,5945,5947],{},[15,5946,2235],{}," is truthy",[20,5949,5950,5951,2494,5954,98],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5952,5953],{},"any(values)",[15,5955,3698],{},[20,5957,5958],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[47,5960,5962],{"className":49,"code":5961,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5963,5964,5988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5965,5966,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5967,3912],{"class":62},[56,5969,67],{"class":66},[56,5971,71],{"class":70},[56,5973,2218],{"class":74},[56,5975,78],{"class":70},[56,5977,3928],{"class":180},[56,5979,78],{"class":70},[56,5981,3941],{"class":893},[56,5983,78],{"class":70},[56,5985,3995],{"class":893},[56,5987,89],{"class":70},[56,5989,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,5991,112],{"class":111},[56,5993,115],{"class":70},[56,5995,5443],{"class":111},[56,5997,115],{"class":70},[56,5999,5448],{"class":101},[56,6001,1553],{"class":70},[20,6003,241],{},[47,6005,6006],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6007,6008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6009,6010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6011,4129],{"class":893},[20,6013,6014,6015,98],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6016,3764],{},[42,6018,6020],{"id":6019},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6022,6023,6025,6026,98],{},[15,6024,5273],{}," is often used with a ",[540,6027,6028],{},"generator expression",[20,6030,6031],{},"This is a common pattern:",[47,6033,6035],{"className":49,"code":6034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6036,6037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6038,6039,6041,6043,6046,6049,6052,6054,6057],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6040,5443],{"class":111},[56,6042,115],{"class":70},[56,6044,6045],{"class":101},"condition ",[56,6047,6048],{"class":3965},"for",[56,6050,6051],{"class":101}," item ",[56,6053,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6055,6056],{"class":101}," items",[56,6058,238],{"class":70},[20,6060,6061],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6063,6064],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[47,6066,6068],{"className":49,"code":6067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6069,6070,6097,6101,6128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6071,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6085,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6073,63],{"class":62},[56,6075,67],{"class":66},[56,6077,71],{"class":70},[56,6079,2602],{"class":74},[56,6081,78],{"class":70},[56,6083,6084],{"class":74}," 7",[56,6086,78],{"class":70},[56,6088,2320],{"class":66},[56,6090,1097],{"class":74},[56,6092,78],{"class":70},[56,6094,508],{"class":74},[56,6096,89],{"class":70},[56,6098,6099],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6100,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,6102,6103,6105,6107,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,6104,1156],{"class":62},[56,6106,67],{"class":66},[56,6108,6109],{"class":111}," any",[56,6111,115],{"class":70},[56,6113,3123],{"class":101},[56,6115,1635],{"class":66},[56,6117,3923],{"class":74},[56,6119,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6121,3969],{"class":101},[56,6123,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6125,850],{"class":101},[56,6127,238],{"class":70},[56,6129,6130,6132,6134,6136],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,6131,112],{"class":111},[56,6133,115],{"class":70},[56,6135,1190],{"class":101},[56,6137,238],{"class":70},[20,6139,241],{},[47,6141,6142],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6143,6144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6145,6146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6147,4068],{"class":893},[20,6149,6150,6151,6154],{},"This works because ",[15,6152,6153],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[143,6156,6157,6165,6172],{},[146,6158,6159,6162,6163],{},[15,6160,6161],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6164,3764],{},[146,6166,6167,6162,6170],{},[15,6168,6169],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6171,3764],{},[146,6173,6174,6162,6177],{},[15,6175,6176],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6178,3698],{},[20,6180,6181,6182,6184,6185,6187,6188,98],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6183,3698],{}," result, ",[15,6186,5273],{}," can return ",[15,6189,3698],{},[20,6191,6192],{},"Here is another example:",[47,6194,6196],{"className":49,"code":6195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6197,6198,6227,6231,6261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6199,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214,6217,6219,6221,6223,6225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6201,4159],{"class":62},[56,6203,67],{"class":66},[56,6205,71],{"class":70},[56,6207,181],{"class":180},[56,6209,562],{"class":184},[56,6211,181],{"class":180},[56,6213,78],{"class":70},[56,6215,6216],{"class":180}," \"\"",[56,6218,78],{"class":70},[56,6220,191],{"class":180},[56,6222,571],{"class":184},[56,6224,181],{"class":180},[56,6226,89],{"class":70},[56,6228,6229],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6230,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,6232,6233,6236,6238,6240,6242,6245,6247,6249,6251,6254,6256,6259],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,6234,6235],{"class":62},"has_empty_string ",[56,6237,67],{"class":66},[56,6239,6109],{"class":111},[56,6241,115],{"class":70},[56,6243,6244],{"class":101},"word ",[56,6246,4776],{"class":66},[56,6248,6216],{"class":180},[56,6250,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6252,6253],{"class":101}," word ",[56,6255,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6257,6258],{"class":101}," words",[56,6260,238],{"class":70},[56,6262,6263,6265,6267,6270],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,6264,112],{"class":111},[56,6266,115],{"class":70},[56,6268,6269],{"class":101},"has_empty_string",[56,6271,238],{"class":70},[20,6273,241],{},[47,6275,6276],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6277,6278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6279,6280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6281,4068],{"class":893},[20,6283,6284,6285,98],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[36,6286,6288],{"href":6287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[42,6290,6292],{"id":6291},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6294,6295,6296,141],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6297,3764],{},[47,6299,6301],{"className":49,"code":6300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6302,6303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6304,6305,6307,6309,6311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6306,112],{"class":111},[56,6308,115],{"class":70},[56,6310,5443],{"class":111},[56,6312,4515],{"class":70},[20,6314,241],{},[47,6316,6317],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6318,6319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6320,6321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6322,4129],{"class":893},[20,6324,6325],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6327,6328,6329,6331],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6330,5273],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6333,6334],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[47,6336,6338],{"className":49,"code":6337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6339,6340,6350,6365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6341,6342,6344,6346,6348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6343,112],{"class":111},[56,6345,115],{"class":70},[56,6347,5443],{"class":111},[56,6349,4573],{"class":70},[56,6351,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360,6363],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6353,112],{"class":111},[56,6355,115],{"class":70},[56,6357,5443],{"class":111},[56,6359,115],{"class":70},[56,6361,6362],{"class":180},"\"\"",[56,6364,1553],{"class":70},[56,6366,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6378],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,6368,112],{"class":111},[56,6370,115],{"class":70},[56,6372,5443],{"class":111},[56,6374,115],{"class":70},[56,6376,6377],{"class":1545},"set",[56,6379,6380],{"class":70},"()))\n",[20,6382,241],{},[47,6384,6386],{"className":49,"code":6385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6387,6388,6392,6396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6389,6390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6391,4129],{"class":893},[56,6393,6394],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6395,4129],{"class":893},[56,6397,6398],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,6399,4129],{"class":893},[42,6401,6403],{"id":6402},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6405,650,6406,6408],{},[15,6407,5273],{}," when you want to:",[143,6410,6411,6414,6417],{},[146,6412,6413],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[146,6415,6416],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[146,6418,6419],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6421,6422],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[47,6424,6426],{"className":49,"code":6425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6427,6428,6453,6457,6467,6471,6485,6504,6514,6519,6523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6429,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6431,63],{"class":62},[56,6433,67],{"class":66},[56,6435,71],{"class":70},[56,6437,75],{"class":74},[56,6439,78],{"class":70},[56,6441,86],{"class":74},[56,6443,78],{"class":70},[56,6445,4693],{"class":74},[56,6447,78],{"class":70},[56,6449,6450],{"class":74}," 8",[56,6452,89],{"class":70},[56,6454,6455],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6456,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,6458,6459,6462,6464],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,6460,6461],{"class":62},"found_even ",[56,6463,67],{"class":66},[56,6465,6466],{"class":893}," False\n",[56,6468,6469],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,6470,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,6472,6473,6475,6478,6480,6482],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,6474,6048],{"class":3965},[56,6476,6477],{"class":62}," number ",[56,6479,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6481,850],{"class":62},[56,6483,6484],{"class":70},":\n",[56,6486,6487,6490,6492,6495,6497,6500,6502],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,6488,6489],{"class":3965},"    if",[56,6491,6477],{"class":62},[56,6493,6494],{"class":66},"%",[56,6496,81],{"class":74},[56,6498,6499],{"class":66}," ==",[56,6501,3923],{"class":74},[56,6503,6484],{"class":70},[56,6505,6506,6509,6511],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,6507,6508],{"class":62},"        found_even ",[56,6510,67],{"class":66},[56,6512,6513],{"class":893}," True\n",[56,6515,6516],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,6517,6518],{"class":3965},"        break\n",[56,6520,6521],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,6522,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,6524,6526,6528,6530,6533],{"class":58,"line":6525},10,[56,6527,112],{"class":111},[56,6529,115],{"class":70},[56,6531,6532],{"class":101},"found_even",[56,6534,238],{"class":70},[20,6536,6537],{},"You can write:",[47,6539,6541],{"className":49,"code":6540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6542,6543,6567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6544,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6546,63],{"class":62},[56,6548,67],{"class":66},[56,6550,71],{"class":70},[56,6552,75],{"class":74},[56,6554,78],{"class":70},[56,6556,86],{"class":74},[56,6558,78],{"class":70},[56,6560,4693],{"class":74},[56,6562,78],{"class":70},[56,6564,6450],{"class":74},[56,6566,89],{"class":70},[56,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6570,112],{"class":111},[56,6572,115],{"class":70},[56,6574,5443],{"class":111},[56,6576,115],{"class":70},[56,6578,2315],{"class":101},[56,6580,6494],{"class":66},[56,6582,81],{"class":74},[56,6584,6499],{"class":66},[56,6586,3923],{"class":74},[56,6588,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6590,6477],{"class":101},[56,6592,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6594,850],{"class":101},[56,6596,1553],{"class":70},[20,6598,6599,6600,6602],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6601,5273],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[42,6604,4606],{"id":4605},[20,6606,6607,6608,98],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6609,5273],{},[1030,6611,6613],{"id":6612},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6615,4613],{},[47,6617,6619],{"className":49,"code":6618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6620,6621],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6622,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6624,112],{"class":111},[56,6626,115],{"class":70},[56,6628,5443],{"class":111},[56,6630,115],{"class":70},[56,6632,2235],{"class":74},[56,6634,1553],{"class":70},[20,6636,6637,6638,6640],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6639,2235],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6642,6643],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[47,6645,6647],{"className":49,"code":6646,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6648,6649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6650,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6652,112],{"class":111},[56,6654,115],{"class":70},[56,6656,5443],{"class":111},[56,6658,3084],{"class":70},[56,6660,2235],{"class":74},[56,6662,3097],{"class":70},[1030,6664,6666],{"id":6665},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6668,6669,6671,6672,6675],{},[15,6670,5273],{}," needs only ",[540,6673,6674],{},"one"," truthy item.",[47,6677,6679],{"className":49,"code":6678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6680,6681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6684,112],{"class":111},[56,6686,115],{"class":70},[56,6688,5443],{"class":111},[56,6690,3084],{"class":70},[56,6692,3764],{"class":893},[56,6694,78],{"class":70},[56,6696,3995],{"class":893},[56,6698,78],{"class":70},[56,6700,4004],{"class":893},[56,6702,3097],{"class":70},[20,6704,241],{},[47,6706,6707],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6708,6709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6710,6711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6712,4068],{"class":893},[20,6714,6715,6716,6720],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[36,6717,6718],{"href":5515},[15,6719,3672],{}," instead.",[1030,6722,6724],{"id":6723},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6726,6727,6728,98],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6729,6730],{},"\"True\"",[47,6732,6734],{"className":49,"code":6733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6735,6736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6737,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6739,112],{"class":111},[56,6741,115],{"class":70},[56,6743,5443],{"class":111},[56,6745,3084],{"class":70},[56,6747,181],{"class":180},[56,6749,3764],{"class":184},[56,6751,181],{"class":180},[56,6753,3097],{"class":70},[20,6755,241],{},[47,6757,6758],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6759,6760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6761,6762],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6763,4068],{"class":893},[20,6765,6766,6767,6770],{},"That is because ",[15,6768,6769],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1030,6772,6774],{"id":6773},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6776,6777],{},"This works:",[47,6779,6781],{"className":49,"code":6780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6782,6783,6803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6784,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6786,63],{"class":62},[56,6788,67],{"class":66},[56,6790,71],{"class":70},[56,6792,75],{"class":74},[56,6794,78],{"class":70},[56,6796,81],{"class":74},[56,6798,78],{"class":70},[56,6800,86],{"class":74},[56,6802,89],{"class":70},[56,6804,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6806,112],{"class":111},[56,6808,115],{"class":70},[56,6810,5443],{"class":111},[56,6812,3084],{"class":70},[56,6814,3123],{"class":101},[56,6816,4339],{"class":66},[56,6818,81],{"class":74},[56,6820,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6822,3969],{"class":101},[56,6824,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6826,850],{"class":101},[56,6828,3097],{"class":70},[20,6830,6831],{},"But this is usually better:",[47,6833,6835],{"className":49,"code":6834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6836,6837,6857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6838,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6840,63],{"class":62},[56,6842,67],{"class":66},[56,6844,71],{"class":70},[56,6846,75],{"class":74},[56,6848,78],{"class":70},[56,6850,81],{"class":74},[56,6852,78],{"class":70},[56,6854,86],{"class":74},[56,6856,89],{"class":70},[56,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6860,112],{"class":111},[56,6862,115],{"class":70},[56,6864,5443],{"class":111},[56,6866,115],{"class":70},[56,6868,3123],{"class":101},[56,6870,4339],{"class":66},[56,6872,81],{"class":74},[56,6874,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6876,3969],{"class":101},[56,6878,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6880,850],{"class":101},[56,6882,1553],{"class":70},[20,6884,6885],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[42,6887,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,6889,6891],{"id":6890},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6893,5236,6894,6896,6897,98],{},[15,6895,3698],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6898,3764],{},[1030,6900,6902],{"id":6901},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6904,6905,2494,6907,6909],{},[15,6906,5273],{},[15,6908,3764],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1030,6911,6913],{"id":6912},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6915,6916,6918,6919,6921],{},[15,6917,5273],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6920,3672],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1030,6923,6925],{"id":6924},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6927,6928],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[47,6930,6931],{"className":49,"code":6034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6932,6933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6934,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6936,5443],{"class":111},[56,6938,115],{"class":70},[56,6940,6045],{"class":101},[56,6942,6048],{"class":3965},[56,6944,6051],{"class":101},[56,6946,3972],{"class":3965},[56,6948,6056],{"class":101},[56,6950,238],{"class":70},[20,6952,5562],{},[47,6954,6955],{"className":49,"code":6834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,6956,6957,6977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6958,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6960,63],{"class":62},[56,6962,67],{"class":66},[56,6964,71],{"class":70},[56,6966,75],{"class":74},[56,6968,78],{"class":70},[56,6970,81],{"class":74},[56,6972,78],{"class":70},[56,6974,86],{"class":74},[56,6976,89],{"class":70},[56,6978,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,6980,112],{"class":111},[56,6982,115],{"class":70},[56,6984,5443],{"class":111},[56,6986,115],{"class":70},[56,6988,3123],{"class":101},[56,6990,4339],{"class":66},[56,6992,81],{"class":74},[56,6994,3966],{"class":3965},[56,6996,3969],{"class":101},[56,6998,3972],{"class":3965},[56,7000,850],{"class":101},[56,7002,1553],{"class":70},[42,7004,1996],{"id":1995},[143,7006,7007,7013,7017,7021,7026],{},[146,7008,7009],{},[36,7010,7011,2012],{"href":5515},[15,7012,3672],{},[146,7014,7015],{},[36,7016,3896],{"href":5867},[146,7018,7019],{},[36,7020,5305],{"href":5676},[146,7022,7023],{},[36,7024,7025],{"href":6287},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[146,7027,7028],{},[36,7029,7030,2012],{"href":5870},[15,7031,3902],{},[2028,7033,7034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":7036},[7037,7038,7039,7040,7041,7042,7043,7044,7050,7056],{"id":5465,"depth":92,"text":5466},{"id":5520,"depth":92,"text":5521},{"id":3818,"depth":92,"text":3819},{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":6019,"depth":92,"text":6020},{"id":6291,"depth":92,"text":6292},{"id":6402,"depth":92,"text":6403},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":7045},[7046,7047,7048,7049],{"id":6612,"depth":108,"text":6613},{"id":6665,"depth":108,"text":6666},{"id":6723,"depth":108,"text":6724},{"id":6773,"depth":108,"text":6774},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":7051},[7052,7053,7054,7055],{"id":6890,"depth":108,"text":6891},{"id":6901,"depth":108,"text":6902},{"id":6912,"depth":108,"text":6913},{"id":6924,"depth":108,"text":6925},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5368,"description":7057},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7063,"title":7064,"body":7065,"description":9191,"extension":2062,"meta":9192,"navigation":600,"path":9193,"seo":9194,"stem":9195,"__hash__":9196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7066,"toc":9154},[7067,7070,7079,7089,7091,7188,7190,7219,7235,7239,7244,7247,7257,7263,7269,7285,7287,7295,7302,7306,7309,7324,7329,7347,7352,7354,7402,7404,7421,7425,7431,7434,7469,7471,7577,7579,7616,7620,7628,7630,7650,7652,7773,7775,7804,7807,7830,7832,7840,7848,7852,7858,7862,7903,7905,7913,7916,7944,7946,7954,7958,7987,7989,7997,8029,8031,8039,8043,8094,8096,8104,8112,8116,8119,8172,8174,8194,8201,8205,8211,8214,8222,8244,8246,8254,8262,8285,8287,8295,8300,8305,8317,8319,8360,8371,8375,8384,8387,8390,8447,8450,8501,8504,8509,8525,8531,8533,8538,8546,8549,8571,8573,8581,8586,8589,8624,8626,8634,8638,8643,8681,8693,8696,8750,8758,8762,8765,8787,8795,8798,8839,8841,8864,8870,8876,8891,8893,8913,8916,8935,8937,8956,8960,8966,9045,9048,9062,9069,9071,9075,9082,9086,9090,9094,9099,9103,9108,9112,9119,9121,9151],[10,7068,7064],{"id":7069},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7071,2079,7072,7074,7075,2976,7077,98],{},[15,7073,3902],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7076,3698],{},[15,7078,3764],{},[20,7080,7081,7082,7084,7085,7088],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7083,3902],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7086,7087],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[42,7090,45],{"id":44},[47,7092,7094],{"className":49,"code":7093,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7095,7096,7110,7124,7138,7156,7166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7097,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7099,112],{"class":111},[56,7101,115],{"class":70},[56,7103,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7105,115],{"class":70},[56,7107,2218],{"class":74},[56,7109,1553],{"class":70},[56,7111,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7113,112],{"class":111},[56,7115,115],{"class":70},[56,7117,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7119,115],{"class":70},[56,7121,75],{"class":74},[56,7123,1553],{"class":70},[56,7125,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7127,112],{"class":111},[56,7129,115],{"class":70},[56,7131,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7133,115],{"class":70},[56,7135,6362],{"class":180},[56,7137,1553],{"class":70},[56,7139,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7141,112],{"class":111},[56,7143,115],{"class":70},[56,7145,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7147,115],{"class":70},[56,7149,181],{"class":180},[56,7151,1473],{"class":184},[56,7153,181],{"class":180},[56,7155,1553],{"class":70},[56,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7159,112],{"class":111},[56,7161,115],{"class":70},[56,7163,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7165,4515],{"class":70},[56,7167,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7169,112],{"class":111},[56,7171,115],{"class":70},[56,7173,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7175,3084],{"class":70},[56,7177,75],{"class":74},[56,7179,78],{"class":70},[56,7181,81],{"class":74},[56,7183,78],{"class":70},[56,7185,86],{"class":74},[56,7187,3097],{"class":70},[20,7189,5649],{},[47,7191,7193],{"className":49,"code":7192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7194,7195,7199,7203,7207,7211,7215],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7196,7197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7198,4129],{"class":893},[56,7200,7201],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7202,4068],{"class":893},[56,7204,7205],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7206,4129],{"class":893},[56,7208,7209],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7210,4068],{"class":893},[56,7212,7213],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7214,4129],{"class":893},[56,7216,7217],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7218,4068],{"class":893},[20,7220,650,7221,7224,7225,2976,7227,7229,7230,7232,7233,98],{},[15,7222,7223],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7226,3698],{},[15,7228,3764],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7231,3764],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7234,3698],{},[42,7236,7238],{"id":7237},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7240,7241,7243],{},[15,7242,3902],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7245,7246],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[143,7248,7249,7253],{},[146,7250,7251],{},[15,7252,3698],{},[146,7254,7255],{},[15,7256,3764],{},[20,7258,7259,7260,7262],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7261,7087],{}," statements.",[20,7264,7265,7266,7268],{},"You can also call ",[15,7267,3902],{}," with no argument:",[47,7270,7272],{"className":49,"code":7271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool())\n",[15,7273,7274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7275,7276,7278,7280,7282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7277,112],{"class":111},[56,7279,115],{"class":70},[56,7281,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7283,7284],{"class":70},"())\n",[20,7286,241],{},[47,7288,7289],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7290,7291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7292,7293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7294,4129],{"class":893},[20,7296,7297,7298,98],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[36,7299,7301],{"href":7300},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[42,7303,7305],{"id":7304},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7307,7308],{},"The basic syntax is:",[47,7310,7312],{"className":49,"code":7311,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bool(value)\n",[15,7313,7314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7315,7316,7318,7320,7322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7317,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7319,115],{"class":70},[56,7321,2570],{"class":101},[56,7323,238],{"class":70},[20,7325,2079,7326,7328],{},[15,7327,2570],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[143,7330,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339,7342,7344],{},[146,7332,95],{},[146,7334,5398],{},[146,7336,5389],{},[146,7338,5392],{},[146,7340,7341],{},"dictionaries",[146,7343,5395],{},[146,7345,7346],{},"other objects",[20,7348,7349,7350,98],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7351,3764],{},[20,7353,163],{},[47,7355,7357],{"className":49,"code":7356,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7358,7359,7373,7392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7360,7361,7363,7365,7367,7369,7371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7362,112],{"class":111},[56,7364,115],{"class":70},[56,7366,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7368,115],{"class":70},[56,7370,444],{"class":74},[56,7372,1553],{"class":70},[56,7374,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385,7388,7390],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7376,112],{"class":111},[56,7378,115],{"class":70},[56,7380,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7382,115],{"class":70},[56,7384,181],{"class":180},[56,7386,7387],{"class":184},"Python",[56,7389,181],{"class":180},[56,7391,1553],{"class":70},[56,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7395,112],{"class":111},[56,7397,115],{"class":70},[56,7399,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7401,7284],{"class":70},[20,7403,241],{},[47,7405,7407],{"className":49,"code":7406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7408,7409,7413,7417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7410,7411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7412,4068],{"class":893},[56,7414,7415],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7416,4068],{"class":893},[56,7418,7419],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7420,4129],{"class":893},[42,7422,7424],{"id":7423},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7426,7427,7428,7430],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[540,7429,5686],{}," values.",[20,7432,7433],{},"Common examples:",[143,7435,7436,7440,7444,7448,7452,7457,7461,7465],{},[146,7437,7438],{},[15,7439,2218],{},[146,7441,7442],{},[15,7443,3858],{},[146,7445,7446],{},[15,7447,6362],{},[146,7449,7450],{},[15,7451,3876],{},[146,7453,7454],{},[15,7455,7456],{},"()",[146,7458,7459],{},[15,7460,3881],{},[146,7462,7463],{},[15,7464,3886],{},[146,7466,7467],{},[15,7468,157],{},[20,7470,163],{},[47,7472,7474],{"className":49,"code":7473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7475,7476,7490,7504,7518,7528,7538,7549,7563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7477,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7479,112],{"class":111},[56,7481,115],{"class":70},[56,7483,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7485,115],{"class":70},[56,7487,2218],{"class":74},[56,7489,1553],{"class":70},[56,7491,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7493,112],{"class":111},[56,7495,115],{"class":70},[56,7497,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7499,115],{"class":70},[56,7501,3858],{"class":74},[56,7503,1553],{"class":70},[56,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7507,112],{"class":111},[56,7509,115],{"class":70},[56,7511,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7513,115],{"class":70},[56,7515,6362],{"class":180},[56,7517,1553],{"class":70},[56,7519,7520,7522,7524,7526],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7521,112],{"class":111},[56,7523,115],{"class":70},[56,7525,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7527,4515],{"class":70},[56,7529,7530,7532,7534,7536],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7531,112],{"class":111},[56,7533,115],{"class":70},[56,7535,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7537,4573],{"class":70},[56,7539,7540,7542,7544,7546],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7541,112],{"class":111},[56,7543,115],{"class":70},[56,7545,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7547,7548],{"class":70},"({}))\n",[56,7550,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,7552,112],{"class":111},[56,7554,115],{"class":70},[56,7556,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7558,115],{"class":70},[56,7560,6377],{"class":1545},[56,7562,6380],{"class":70},[56,7564,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,7566,112],{"class":111},[56,7568,115],{"class":70},[56,7570,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7572,115],{"class":70},[56,7574,157],{"class":893},[56,7576,1553],{"class":70},[20,7578,241],{},[47,7580,7582],{"className":49,"code":7581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7583,7584,7588,7592,7596,7600,7604,7608,7612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7585,7586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7587,4129],{"class":893},[56,7589,7590],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7591,4129],{"class":893},[56,7593,7594],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7595,4129],{"class":893},[56,7597,7598],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7599,4129],{"class":893},[56,7601,7602],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7603,4129],{"class":893},[56,7605,7606],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7607,4129],{"class":893},[56,7609,7610],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,7611,4129],{"class":893},[56,7613,7614],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,7615,4129],{"class":893},[42,7617,7619],{"id":7618},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7621,7622,7623,7625,7626,7430],{},"Many values become ",[15,7624,3698],{},". These are often called ",[540,7627,5683],{},[20,7629,7433],{},[143,7631,7632,7635,7638,7641,7644,7647],{},[146,7633,7634],{},"non-zero numbers",[146,7636,7637],{},"non-empty strings",[146,7639,7640],{},"non-empty lists",[146,7642,7643],{},"non-empty tuples",[146,7645,7646],{},"non-empty sets",[146,7648,7649],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7651,163],{},[47,7653,7655],{"className":49,"code":7654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7656,7657,7671,7687,7705,7727,7745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7658,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7660,112],{"class":111},[56,7662,115],{"class":70},[56,7664,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7666,115],{"class":70},[56,7668,2235],{"class":74},[56,7670,1553],{"class":70},[56,7672,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681,7683,7685],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7674,112],{"class":111},[56,7676,115],{"class":70},[56,7678,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7680,115],{"class":70},[56,7682,709],{"class":66},[56,7684,1097],{"class":74},[56,7686,1553],{"class":70},[56,7688,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7690,112],{"class":111},[56,7692,115],{"class":70},[56,7694,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7696,115],{"class":70},[56,7698,181],{"class":180},[56,7700,1473],{"class":184},[56,7702,181],{"class":180},[56,7704,1553],{"class":70},[56,7706,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721,7723,7725],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7708,112],{"class":111},[56,7710,115],{"class":70},[56,7712,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7714,3084],{"class":70},[56,7716,75],{"class":74},[56,7718,78],{"class":70},[56,7720,81],{"class":74},[56,7722,78],{"class":70},[56,7724,86],{"class":74},[56,7726,3097],{"class":70},[56,7728,7729,7731,7733,7735,7737,7739,7741,7743],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7730,112],{"class":111},[56,7732,115],{"class":70},[56,7734,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7736,5600],{"class":70},[56,7738,75],{"class":74},[56,7740,78],{"class":70},[56,7742,81],{"class":74},[56,7744,3010],{"class":70},[56,7746,7747,7749,7751,7753,7755,7757,7760,7762,7764,7766,7769,7771],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7748,112],{"class":111},[56,7750,115],{"class":70},[56,7752,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7754,5619],{"class":70},[56,7756,181],{"class":180},[56,7758,7759],{"class":184},"name",[56,7761,181],{"class":180},[56,7763,141],{"class":70},[56,7765,191],{"class":180},[56,7767,7768],{"class":184},"Sam",[56,7770,181],{"class":180},[56,7772,5628],{"class":70},[20,7774,241],{},[47,7776,7778],{"className":49,"code":7777,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7779,7780,7784,7788,7792,7796,7800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7781,7782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7783,4068],{"class":893},[56,7785,7786],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7787,4068],{"class":893},[56,7789,7790],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,7791,4068],{"class":893},[56,7793,7794],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,7795,4068],{"class":893},[56,7797,7798],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,7799,4068],{"class":893},[56,7801,7802],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,7803,4068],{"class":893},[20,7805,7806],{},"One important example is this:",[47,7808,7810],{"className":49,"code":7809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7811,7812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7813,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7815,112],{"class":111},[56,7817,115],{"class":70},[56,7819,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7821,115],{"class":70},[56,7823,181],{"class":180},[56,7825,3764],{"class":184},[56,7827,181],{"class":180},[56,7829,1553],{"class":70},[20,7831,241],{},[47,7833,7834],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7835,7836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7837,7838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7839,4068],{"class":893},[20,7841,7842,7843,7845,7846,98],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7844,6769],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7847,3698],{},[42,7849,7851],{"id":7850},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7853,7854,7855,7857],{},"You can use ",[15,7856,3902],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1030,7859,7861],{"id":7860},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[47,7863,7865],{"className":49,"code":7864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7866,7867,7888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7868,7869,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884,7886],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7870,7871],{"class":62},"items ",[56,7873,67],{"class":66},[56,7875,71],{"class":70},[56,7877,444],{"class":74},[56,7879,78],{"class":70},[56,7881,449],{"class":74},[56,7883,78],{"class":70},[56,7885,454],{"class":74},[56,7887,89],{"class":70},[56,7889,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898,7901],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7891,112],{"class":111},[56,7893,115],{"class":70},[56,7895,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7897,115],{"class":70},[56,7899,7900],{"class":101},"items",[56,7902,1553],{"class":70},[20,7904,241],{},[47,7906,7907],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7908,7909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7910,7911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7912,4068],{"class":893},[20,7914,7915],{},"With an empty list:",[47,7917,7919],{"className":49,"code":7918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7920,7921,7930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7922,7923,7925,7927],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7924,7871],{"class":62},[56,7926,67],{"class":66},[56,7928,7929],{"class":70}," []\n",[56,7931,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7942],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7933,112],{"class":111},[56,7935,115],{"class":70},[56,7937,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7939,115],{"class":70},[56,7941,7900],{"class":101},[56,7943,1553],{"class":70},[20,7945,241],{},[47,7947,7948],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7949,7950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7951,7952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7953,4129],{"class":893},[1030,7955,7957],{"id":7956},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[47,7959,7961],{"className":49,"code":7960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7962,7963,7973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7964,7965,7968,7970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7966,7967],{"class":62},"name ",[56,7969,67],{"class":66},[56,7971,7972],{"class":180}," \"\"\n",[56,7974,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,7976,112],{"class":111},[56,7978,115],{"class":70},[56,7980,3956],{"class":1545},[56,7982,115],{"class":70},[56,7984,7759],{"class":101},[56,7986,1553],{"class":70},[20,7988,241],{},[47,7990,7991],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,7992,7993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7994,7995],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7996,4129],{"class":893},[47,7998,8000],{"className":49,"code":7999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8001,8002,8015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8003,8004,8006,8008,8010,8013],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8005,7967],{"class":62},[56,8007,67],{"class":66},[56,8009,191],{"class":180},[56,8011,8012],{"class":184},"Mia",[56,8014,1476],{"class":180},[56,8016,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8018,112],{"class":111},[56,8020,115],{"class":70},[56,8022,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8024,115],{"class":70},[56,8026,7759],{"class":101},[56,8028,1553],{"class":70},[20,8030,241],{},[47,8032,8033],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8034,8035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8036,8037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8038,4068],{"class":893},[1030,8040,8042],{"id":8041},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[47,8044,8046],{"className":49,"code":8045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8047,8048,8062,8079,8083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8049,8050,8053,8055,8057,8060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8051,8052],{"class":62},"username ",[56,8054,67],{"class":66},[56,8056,191],{"class":180},[56,8058,8059],{"class":184},"alex",[56,8061,1476],{"class":180},[56,8063,8064,8067,8069,8072,8074,8077],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8065,8066],{"class":62},"has_name ",[56,8068,67],{"class":66},[56,8070,8071],{"class":1545}," bool",[56,8073,115],{"class":70},[56,8075,8076],{"class":101},"username",[56,8078,238],{"class":70},[56,8080,8081],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,8082,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,8084,8085,8087,8089,8092],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,8086,112],{"class":111},[56,8088,115],{"class":70},[56,8090,8091],{"class":101},"has_name",[56,8093,238],{"class":70},[20,8095,241],{},[47,8097,8098],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8099,8100],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8101,8102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8103,4068],{"class":893},[20,8105,8106,8107,2976,8109,8111],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8108,3698],{},[15,8110,3764],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1030,8113,8115],{"id":8114},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8117,8118],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[47,8120,8122],{"className":49,"code":8121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8123,8124,8144,8148,8156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8125,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8127,63],{"class":62},[56,8129,67],{"class":66},[56,8131,71],{"class":70},[56,8133,75],{"class":74},[56,8135,78],{"class":70},[56,8137,81],{"class":74},[56,8139,78],{"class":70},[56,8141,86],{"class":74},[56,8143,89],{"class":70},[56,8145,8146],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8147,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,8149,8150,8152,8154],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,8151,7087],{"class":3965},[56,8153,850],{"class":62},[56,8155,6484],{"class":70},[56,8157,8158,8161,8163,8165,8168,8170],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,8159,8160],{"class":111},"    print",[56,8162,115],{"class":70},[56,8164,181],{"class":180},[56,8166,8167],{"class":184},"The list is not empty",[56,8169,181],{"class":180},[56,8171,238],{"class":70},[20,8173,241],{},[47,8175,8177],{"className":49,"code":8176,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8178,8179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8180,8181,8183,8185,8188,8191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8182,2079],{"class":62},[56,8184,1644],{"class":1545},[56,8186,8187],{"class":66}," is",[56,8189,8190],{"class":66}," not",[56,8192,8193],{"class":62}," empty\n",[20,8195,8196,8197,98],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[36,8198,8200],{"href":8199},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[42,8202,8204],{"id":8203},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8206,8207,8208,8210],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8209,3902],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8212,8213],{},"It does not do that.",[1030,8215,8217,2494,8220],{"id":8216},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8218,8219],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8221,3698],{},[47,8223,8224],{"className":49,"code":7809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8225,8226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8227,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8229,112],{"class":111},[56,8231,115],{"class":70},[56,8233,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8235,115],{"class":70},[56,8237,181],{"class":180},[56,8239,3764],{"class":184},[56,8241,181],{"class":180},[56,8243,1553],{"class":70},[20,8245,241],{},[47,8247,8248],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8249,8250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8251,8252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8253,4068],{"class":893},[1030,8255,8257,2494,8260],{"id":8256},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8258,8259],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8261,3698],{},[47,8263,8265],{"className":49,"code":8264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8266,8267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8268,8269,8271,8273,8275,8277,8279,8281,8283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8270,112],{"class":111},[56,8272,115],{"class":70},[56,8274,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8276,115],{"class":70},[56,8278,181],{"class":180},[56,8280,2218],{"class":184},[56,8282,181],{"class":180},[56,8284,1553],{"class":70},[20,8286,241],{},[47,8288,8289],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8290,8291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8292,8293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8294,4068],{"class":893},[20,8296,8297,8298,98],{},"This happens because both values are ",[540,8299,7637],{},[20,8301,8302,8304],{},[15,8303,3902],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8306,8307,8308,8313,8314,8316],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[36,8309,8311],{"href":8310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8312,3056],{},", because ",[15,8315,3056],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8318,163],{},[47,8320,8322],{"className":49,"code":8321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8323,8324,8345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8325,8326,8329,8331,8334,8336,8338,8341,8343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8327,8328],{"class":62},"user_value ",[56,8330,67],{"class":66},[56,8332,8333],{"class":111}," input",[56,8335,115],{"class":70},[56,8337,181],{"class":180},[56,8339,8340],{"class":184},"Enter True or False: ",[56,8342,181],{"class":180},[56,8344,238],{"class":70},[56,8346,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8358],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8348,112],{"class":111},[56,8350,115],{"class":70},[56,8352,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8354,115],{"class":70},[56,8356,8357],{"class":101},"user_value",[56,8359,1553],{"class":70},[20,8361,8362,8363,8365,8366,8313,8368,8370],{},"If the user types ",[15,8364,3764],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8367,3698],{},[15,8369,6769],{}," is not empty.",[42,8372,8374],{"id":8373},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8376,8377,8378,8380,8381,8383],{},"In many ",[15,8379,7087],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8382,3902],{}," yourself.",[20,8385,8386],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8388,8389],{},"Instead of this:",[47,8391,8393],{"className":49,"code":8392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8394,8395,8415,8419,8432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8396,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411,8413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8398,1506],{"class":62},[56,8400,67],{"class":66},[56,8402,71],{"class":70},[56,8404,75],{"class":74},[56,8406,78],{"class":70},[56,8408,81],{"class":74},[56,8410,78],{"class":70},[56,8412,86],{"class":74},[56,8414,89],{"class":70},[56,8416,8417],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8418,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,8420,8421,8423,8425,8427,8429],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,8422,7087],{"class":3965},[56,8424,8071],{"class":1545},[56,8426,115],{"class":70},[56,8428,302],{"class":101},[56,8430,8431],{"class":70},"):\n",[56,8433,8434,8436,8438,8440,8443,8445],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,8435,8160],{"class":111},[56,8437,115],{"class":70},[56,8439,181],{"class":180},[56,8441,8442],{"class":184},"List has items",[56,8444,181],{"class":180},[56,8446,238],{"class":70},[20,8448,8449],{},"You can simply write:",[47,8451,8453],{"className":49,"code":8452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8454,8455,8475,8479,8487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8456,8457,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469,8471,8473],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8458,1506],{"class":62},[56,8460,67],{"class":66},[56,8462,71],{"class":70},[56,8464,75],{"class":74},[56,8466,78],{"class":70},[56,8468,81],{"class":74},[56,8470,78],{"class":70},[56,8472,86],{"class":74},[56,8474,89],{"class":70},[56,8476,8477],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8478,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,8480,8481,8483,8485],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,8482,7087],{"class":3965},[56,8484,1567],{"class":62},[56,8486,6484],{"class":70},[56,8488,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,8490,8160],{"class":111},[56,8492,115],{"class":70},[56,8494,181],{"class":180},[56,8496,8442],{"class":184},[56,8498,181],{"class":180},[56,8500,238],{"class":70},[20,8502,8503],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8505,1441,8506,8508],{},[15,8507,3902],{}," is still helpful when:",[143,8510,8511,8514,8522],{},[146,8512,8513],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[146,8515,8516,8517,2976,8519,8521],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8518,3698],{},[15,8520,3764],{}," value",[146,8523,8524],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8526,8527,8528,98],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[36,8529,8530],{"href":2396},"Python type() function explained",[42,8532,1418],{"id":1417},[20,8534,8535,8536,98],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8537,3902],{},[1030,8539,1435,8541,8543,8544],{"id":8540},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8542,8219],{}," to return ",[15,8545,3764],{},[20,8547,8548],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[47,8550,8551],{"className":49,"code":7809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8552,8553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8554,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8556,112],{"class":111},[56,8558,115],{"class":70},[56,8560,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8562,115],{"class":70},[56,8564,181],{"class":180},[56,8566,3764],{"class":184},[56,8568,181],{"class":180},[56,8570,1553],{"class":70},[20,8572,241],{},[47,8574,8575],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8576,8577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8578,8579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8580,4068],{"class":893},[20,8582,8583,8584,6770],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8585,6769],{},[20,8587,8588],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[47,8590,8592],{"className":49,"code":8591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8593,8594,8606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8597,2544],{"class":62},[56,8599,67],{"class":66},[56,8601,191],{"class":180},[56,8603,3764],{"class":184},[56,8605,1476],{"class":180},[56,8607,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8620,8622],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8609,112],{"class":111},[56,8611,115],{"class":70},[56,8613,2544],{"class":101},[56,8615,4776],{"class":66},[56,8617,191],{"class":180},[56,8619,3698],{"class":184},[56,8621,181],{"class":180},[56,8623,238],{"class":70},[20,8625,241],{},[47,8627,8628],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,8629,8630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8631,8632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8633,4129],{"class":893},[1030,8635,8637],{"id":8636},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8639,8640,8642],{},[15,8641,3056],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[47,8644,8646],{"className":49,"code":8645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8647,8648,8667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8649,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8663,8665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8651,2544],{"class":62},[56,8653,67],{"class":66},[56,8655,8333],{"class":111},[56,8657,115],{"class":70},[56,8659,181],{"class":180},[56,8661,8662],{"class":184},"Enter yes or no: ",[56,8664,181],{"class":180},[56,8666,238],{"class":70},[56,8668,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8670,112],{"class":111},[56,8672,115],{"class":70},[56,8674,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8676,115],{"class":70},[56,8678,2570],{"class":101},[56,8680,1553],{"class":70},[20,8682,8362,8683,8686,8687,8689,8690,8370],{},[15,8684,8685],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8688,3698],{}," because ",[15,8691,8692],{},"\"no\"",[20,8694,8695],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[47,8697,8699],{"className":49,"code":8698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8700,8701,8731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8702,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8720,8723,8726,8729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8704,2544],{"class":62},[56,8706,67],{"class":66},[56,8708,8333],{"class":111},[56,8710,115],{"class":70},[56,8712,181],{"class":180},[56,8714,8662],{"class":184},[56,8716,181],{"class":180},[56,8718,8719],{"class":70},").",[56,8721,8722],{"class":101},"strip",[56,8724,8725],{"class":70},"().",[56,8727,8728],{"class":101},"lower",[56,8730,105],{"class":70},[56,8732,8733,8735,8737,8739,8741,8743,8746,8748],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8734,112],{"class":111},[56,8736,115],{"class":70},[56,8738,2544],{"class":101},[56,8740,4776],{"class":66},[56,8742,191],{"class":180},[56,8744,8745],{"class":184},"yes",[56,8747,181],{"class":180},[56,8749,238],{"class":70},[20,8751,8752,8753,8755,8756,98],{},"This gives ",[15,8754,3698],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8757,8745],{},[1030,8759,8761],{"id":8760},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8763,8764],{},"These are different:",[143,8766,8767,8771,8775,8779,8783],{},[146,8768,8769],{},[15,8770,3764],{},[146,8772,8773],{},[15,8774,2218],{},[146,8776,8777],{},[15,8778,6362],{},[146,8780,8781],{},[15,8782,3876],{},[146,8784,8785],{},[15,8786,157],{},[20,8788,8789,8790,1450,8792,8794],{},"They all become ",[15,8791,3764],{},[15,8793,3902],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8796,8797],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[47,8799,8801],{"className":49,"code":8800,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8802,8803,8811,8825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8804,8805,8807,8809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8806,2544],{"class":62},[56,8808,67],{"class":66},[56,8810,7929],{"class":70},[56,8812,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8814,112],{"class":111},[56,8816,115],{"class":70},[56,8818,1546],{"class":1545},[56,8820,115],{"class":70},[56,8822,2570],{"class":101},[56,8824,1553],{"class":70},[56,8826,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,8828,112],{"class":111},[56,8830,115],{"class":70},[56,8832,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8834,115],{"class":70},[56,8836,2570],{"class":101},[56,8838,1553],{"class":70},[20,8840,241],{},[47,8842,8844],{"className":49,"code":8843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8845,8846,8860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8849,1635],{"class":66},[56,8851,1639],{"class":1638},[56,8853,263],{"class":180},[56,8855,1644],{"class":184},[56,8857,254],{"class":180},[56,8859,1649],{"class":66},[56,8861,8862],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8863,4129],{"class":893},[1030,8865,1441,8867,8869],{"id":8866},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8868,3881],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8871,8872,8873,8875],{},"In Python, ",[15,8874,3881],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[47,8877,8879],{"className":49,"code":8878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8880,8881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8882,8883,8885,8887,8889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8884,112],{"class":111},[56,8886,115],{"class":70},[56,8888,1546],{"class":1545},[56,8890,7548],{"class":70},[20,8892,241],{},[47,8894,8896],{"className":49,"code":8895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8897,8898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8899,8900,8902,8904,8906,8909,8911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8901,1635],{"class":66},[56,8903,1639],{"class":1638},[56,8905,263],{"class":180},[56,8907,8908],{"class":184},"dict",[56,8910,254],{"class":180},[56,8912,1649],{"class":66},[20,8914,8915],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[47,8917,8919],{"className":49,"code":8918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8920,8921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8922,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8924,112],{"class":111},[56,8926,115],{"class":70},[56,8928,1546],{"class":1545},[56,8930,115],{"class":70},[56,8932,6377],{"class":1545},[56,8934,6380],{"class":70},[20,8936,241],{},[47,8938,8940],{"className":49,"code":8939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8941,8942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8943,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8945,1635],{"class":66},[56,8947,1639],{"class":1638},[56,8949,263],{"class":180},[56,8951,6377],{"class":184},[56,8953,254],{"class":180},[56,8955,1649],{"class":66},[42,8957,8959],{"id":8958},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8961,8962,8963,8965],{},"If ",[15,8964,3902],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[47,8967,8969],{"className":49,"code":8968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8970,8971,8985,8999,9009,9027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8972,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8974,112],{"class":111},[56,8976,115],{"class":70},[56,8978,3956],{"class":1545},[56,8980,115],{"class":70},[56,8982,2570],{"class":101},[56,8984,1553],{"class":70},[56,8986,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,8988,112],{"class":111},[56,8990,115],{"class":70},[56,8992,1546],{"class":1545},[56,8994,115],{"class":70},[56,8996,2570],{"class":101},[56,8998,1553],{"class":70},[56,9000,9001,9003,9005,9007],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,9002,112],{"class":111},[56,9004,115],{"class":70},[56,9006,2570],{"class":101},[56,9008,238],{"class":70},[56,9010,9011,9013,9015,9017,9019,9021,9023,9025],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,9012,112],{"class":111},[56,9014,115],{"class":70},[56,9016,2544],{"class":101},[56,9018,4776],{"class":66},[56,9020,191],{"class":180},[56,9022,3698],{"class":184},[56,9024,181],{"class":180},[56,9026,238],{"class":70},[56,9028,9029,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039,9041,9043],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,9030,112],{"class":111},[56,9032,115],{"class":70},[56,9034,2570],{"class":101},[56,9036,98],{"class":70},[56,9038,8722],{"class":101},[56,9040,8725],{"class":70},[56,9042,8728],{"class":101},[56,9044,7284],{"class":70},[20,9046,9047],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[143,9049,9050,9053,9056,9059],{},[146,9051,9052],{},"what the value really is",[146,9054,9055],{},"whether it is a string",[146,9057,9058],{},"whether it contains spaces",[146,9060,9061],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9063,9064,9065,98],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[36,9066,9068],{"href":9067},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[42,9070,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,9072,9074],{"id":9073},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9076,9077,9078,2976,9080,98],{},"It returns either ",[15,9079,3698],{},[15,9081,3764],{},[1030,9083,9085],{"id":9084},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9087,5236,9088,98],{},[15,9089,3764],{},[1030,9091,9093],{"id":9092},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9095,9096,9097,98],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9098,3698],{},[1030,9100,9102],{"id":9101},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9104,9105,9106,98],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9107,3764],{},[1030,9109,9111],{"id":9110},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9113,9114,9115,2976,9117,3827],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9116,3698],{},[15,9118,3764],{},[42,9120,1996],{"id":1995},[143,9122,9123,9128,9132,9137,9141,9146],{},[146,9124,9125],{},[36,9126,9127],{"href":5867},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[146,9129,9130],{},[36,9131,8200],{"href":8199},[146,9133,9134],{},[36,9135,9136],{"href":8310},"Python input() function explained",[146,9138,9139],{},[36,9140,8530],{"href":2396},[146,9142,9143],{},[36,9144,9145],{"href":9067},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[146,9147,9148],{},[36,9149,9150],{"href":7300},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2028,9152,9153],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":9155},[9156,9157,9158,9159,9160,9161,9167,9173,9174,9182,9183,9190],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":7237,"depth":92,"text":7238},{"id":7304,"depth":92,"text":7305},{"id":7423,"depth":92,"text":7424},{"id":7618,"depth":92,"text":7619},{"id":7850,"depth":92,"text":7851,"children":9162},[9163,9164,9165,9166],{"id":7860,"depth":108,"text":7861},{"id":7956,"depth":108,"text":7957},{"id":8041,"depth":108,"text":8042},{"id":8114,"depth":108,"text":8115},{"id":8203,"depth":92,"text":8204,"children":9168},[9169,9171],{"id":8216,"depth":108,"text":9170},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8256,"depth":108,"text":9172},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8373,"depth":92,"text":8374},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":9175},[9176,9178,9179,9180],{"id":8540,"depth":108,"text":9177},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8636,"depth":108,"text":8637},{"id":8760,"depth":108,"text":8761},{"id":8866,"depth":108,"text":9181},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8958,"depth":92,"text":8959},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":9184},[9185,9186,9187,9188,9189],{"id":9073,"depth":108,"text":9074},{"id":9084,"depth":108,"text":9085},{"id":9092,"depth":108,"text":9093},{"id":9101,"depth":108,"text":9102},{"id":9110,"depth":108,"text":9111},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7064,"description":9191},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9198,"title":9199,"body":9200,"description":11393,"extension":2062,"meta":11394,"navigation":600,"path":11395,"seo":11396,"stem":11397,"__hash__":11398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9201,"toc":11355},[9202,9208,9214,9221,9226,9237,9244,9353,9357,9426,9431,9436,9441,9444,9455,9460,9463,9474,9481,9483,9488,9492,9517,9521,9530,9534,9597,9601,9634,9638,9683,9687,9724,9728,9731,9787,9791,9836,9839,9844,9883,9887,9910,9913,9927,9940,9944,9949,10016,10020,10056,10059,10067,10070,10134,10138,10170,10176,10178,10238,10245,10248,10326,10330,10363,10367,10370,10414,10418,10454,10457,10474,10477,10480,10533,10536,10547,10554,10563,10566,10624,10628,10669,10676,10684,10690,10698,10710,10715,10726,10799,10802,10814,10829,10833,10838,10842,10844,10887,10893,10896,10959,10963,10966,10975,10980,11017,11021,11024,11032,11035,11074,11078,11081,11132,11136,11157,11164,11166,11172,11199,11202,11257,11260,11271,11273,11280,11288,11294,11299,11306,11309,11316,11323,11325,11352],[10,9203,2009,9205,3673],{"id":9204},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9206,9207],{},"dict()",[20,9209,9210,9211,9213],{},"The built-in ",[15,9212,9207],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9215,9216,9217,9220],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[540,9218,9219],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9222,9223,9225],{},[15,9224,9207],{}," is commonly used to:",[143,9227,9228,9231,9234],{},[146,9229,9230],{},"create an empty dictionary",[146,9232,9233],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[146,9235,9236],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9238,9239,9240,98],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[36,9241,9243],{"href":9242},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[47,9245,9247],{"className":49,"code":9246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9248,9249,9284,9295,9299,9338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9250,9251,9254,9256,9259,9261,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9277,9279,9282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9252,9253],{"class":62},"data ",[56,9255,67],{"class":66},[56,9257,9258],{"class":1545}," dict",[56,9260,115],{"class":70},[56,9262,7759],{"class":9263},"s99_P",[56,9265,67],{"class":66},[56,9267,254],{"class":180},[56,9269,5091],{"class":184},[56,9271,254],{"class":180},[56,9273,78],{"class":70},[56,9275,9276],{"class":9263}," age",[56,9278,67],{"class":66},[56,9280,9281],{"class":74},"25",[56,9283,238],{"class":70},[56,9285,9286,9288,9290,9293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9287,112],{"class":111},[56,9289,115],{"class":70},[56,9291,9292],{"class":101},"data",[56,9294,238],{"class":70},[56,9296,9297],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,9298,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,9300,9301,9304,9306,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9322,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,9302,9303],{"class":62},"pairs ",[56,9305,67],{"class":66},[56,9307,9308],{"class":70}," [(",[56,9310,254],{"class":180},[56,9312,36],{"class":184},[56,9314,254],{"class":180},[56,9316,78],{"class":70},[56,9318,910],{"class":74},[56,9320,9321],{"class":70},"),",[56,9323,9324],{"class":70}," (",[56,9326,254],{"class":180},[56,9328,194],{"class":184},[56,9330,254],{"class":180},[56,9332,78],{"class":70},[56,9334,81],{"class":74},[56,9336,9337],{"class":70},")]\n",[56,9339,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9351],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,9341,112],{"class":111},[56,9343,115],{"class":70},[56,9345,8908],{"class":1545},[56,9347,115],{"class":70},[56,9349,9350],{"class":101},"pairs",[56,9352,1553],{"class":70},[20,9354,9355],{},[540,9356,241],{},[47,9358,9360],{"className":49,"code":9359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9361,9362,9398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9363,9364,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9388,9390,9392,9395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9365,9366],{"class":70},"{",[56,9368,254],{"class":180},[56,9370,7759],{"class":184},[56,9372,254],{"class":180},[56,9374,141],{"class":70},[56,9376,263],{"class":180},[56,9378,5091],{"class":184},[56,9380,254],{"class":180},[56,9382,78],{"class":70},[56,9384,263],{"class":180},[56,9386,9387],{"class":184},"age",[56,9389,254],{"class":180},[56,9391,141],{"class":70},[56,9393,9394],{"class":74}," 25",[56,9396,9397],{"class":70},"}\n",[56,9399,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9424],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9401,9366],{"class":70},[56,9403,254],{"class":180},[56,9405,36],{"class":184},[56,9407,254],{"class":180},[56,9409,141],{"class":70},[56,9411,910],{"class":74},[56,9413,78],{"class":70},[56,9415,263],{"class":180},[56,9417,194],{"class":184},[56,9419,254],{"class":180},[56,9421,141],{"class":70},[56,9423,81],{"class":74},[56,9425,9397],{"class":70},[20,9427,650,9428,9430],{},[15,9429,9207],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[42,9432,133,9434,136],{"id":9433},"what-dict-does",[15,9435,9207],{},[20,9437,9438,9440],{},[15,9439,9207],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9442,9443],{},"A dictionary:",[143,9445,9446,9449,9452],{},[146,9447,9448],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[146,9450,9451],{},"lets you look up values by key",[146,9453,9454],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9456,9457,9459],{},[15,9458,9207],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9461,9462],{},"Common uses include:",[143,9464,9465,9468,9471],{},[146,9466,9467],{},"making an empty dictionary",[146,9469,9470],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[146,9472,9473],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9475,9476,9477,98],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[36,9478,9480],{"href":9479},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[42,9482,289],{"id":288},[20,9484,9485,9487],{},[15,9486,9207],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1030,9489,9491],{"id":9490},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[47,9493,9495],{"className":49,"code":9494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9496,9497,9507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9498,9499,9501,9503,9505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9500,9253],{"class":62},[56,9502,67],{"class":66},[56,9504,9258],{"class":1545},[56,9506,105],{"class":70},[56,9508,9509,9511,9513,9515],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9510,112],{"class":111},[56,9512,115],{"class":70},[56,9514,9292],{"class":101},[56,9516,238],{"class":70},[20,9518,9519],{},[540,9520,241],{},[47,9522,9524],{"className":49,"code":9523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n",[15,9525,9526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9527,9528],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9529,9523],{"class":70},[1030,9531,9533],{"id":9532},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[47,9535,9537],{"className":49,"code":9536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9538,9539,9573,9587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9540,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9542,9303],{"class":62},[56,9544,67],{"class":66},[56,9546,9308],{"class":70},[56,9548,254],{"class":180},[56,9550,36],{"class":184},[56,9552,254],{"class":180},[56,9554,78],{"class":70},[56,9556,910],{"class":74},[56,9558,9321],{"class":70},[56,9560,9324],{"class":70},[56,9562,254],{"class":180},[56,9564,194],{"class":184},[56,9566,254],{"class":180},[56,9568,78],{"class":70},[56,9570,81],{"class":74},[56,9572,9337],{"class":70},[56,9574,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9576,9253],{"class":62},[56,9578,67],{"class":66},[56,9580,9258],{"class":1545},[56,9582,115],{"class":70},[56,9584,9350],{"class":101},[56,9586,238],{"class":70},[56,9588,9589,9591,9593,9595],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,9590,112],{"class":111},[56,9592,115],{"class":70},[56,9594,9292],{"class":101},[56,9596,238],{"class":70},[20,9598,9599],{},[540,9600,241],{},[47,9602,9604],{"className":49,"code":9603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9605,9606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9607,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9609,9366],{"class":70},[56,9611,254],{"class":180},[56,9613,36],{"class":184},[56,9615,254],{"class":180},[56,9617,141],{"class":70},[56,9619,910],{"class":74},[56,9621,78],{"class":70},[56,9623,263],{"class":180},[56,9625,194],{"class":184},[56,9627,254],{"class":180},[56,9629,141],{"class":70},[56,9631,81],{"class":74},[56,9633,9397],{"class":70},[1030,9635,9637],{"id":9636},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[47,9639,9641],{"className":49,"code":9640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9642,9643,9673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9644,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9646,9253],{"class":62},[56,9648,67],{"class":66},[56,9650,9258],{"class":1545},[56,9652,115],{"class":70},[56,9654,7759],{"class":9263},[56,9656,67],{"class":66},[56,9658,254],{"class":180},[56,9660,5091],{"class":184},[56,9662,254],{"class":180},[56,9664,78],{"class":70},[56,9666,9276],{"class":9263},[56,9668,67],{"class":66},[56,9670,9281],{"class":74},[56,9672,238],{"class":70},[56,9674,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9676,112],{"class":111},[56,9678,115],{"class":70},[56,9680,9292],{"class":101},[56,9682,238],{"class":70},[20,9684,9685],{},[540,9686,241],{},[47,9688,9690],{"className":49,"code":9689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9691,9692],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9693,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9695,9366],{"class":70},[56,9697,254],{"class":180},[56,9699,7759],{"class":184},[56,9701,254],{"class":180},[56,9703,141],{"class":70},[56,9705,263],{"class":180},[56,9707,5091],{"class":184},[56,9709,254],{"class":180},[56,9711,78],{"class":70},[56,9713,263],{"class":180},[56,9715,9387],{"class":184},[56,9717,254],{"class":180},[56,9719,141],{"class":70},[56,9721,9394],{"class":74},[56,9723,9397],{"class":70},[1030,9725,9727],{"id":9726},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9729,9730],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[47,9732,9734],{"className":49,"code":9733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9735,9736,9777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9771,9773,9775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9739,9253],{"class":62},[56,9741,67],{"class":66},[56,9743,9258],{"class":1545},[56,9745,9746],{"class":70},"([(",[56,9748,254],{"class":180},[56,9750,36],{"class":184},[56,9752,254],{"class":180},[56,9754,78],{"class":70},[56,9756,910],{"class":74},[56,9758,9759],{"class":70},")],",[56,9761,2657],{"class":9263},[56,9763,67],{"class":66},[56,9765,1097],{"class":74},[56,9767,78],{"class":70},[56,9769,9770],{"class":9263}," c",[56,9772,67],{"class":66},[56,9774,901],{"class":74},[56,9776,238],{"class":70},[56,9778,9779,9781,9783,9785],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9780,112],{"class":111},[56,9782,115],{"class":70},[56,9784,9292],{"class":101},[56,9786,238],{"class":70},[20,9788,9789],{},[540,9790,241],{},[47,9792,9794],{"className":49,"code":9793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9795,9796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9797,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9799,9366],{"class":70},[56,9801,254],{"class":180},[56,9803,36],{"class":184},[56,9805,254],{"class":180},[56,9807,141],{"class":70},[56,9809,910],{"class":74},[56,9811,78],{"class":70},[56,9813,263],{"class":180},[56,9815,194],{"class":184},[56,9817,254],{"class":180},[56,9819,141],{"class":70},[56,9821,81],{"class":74},[56,9823,78],{"class":70},[56,9825,263],{"class":180},[56,9827,203],{"class":184},[56,9829,254],{"class":180},[56,9831,141],{"class":70},[56,9833,86],{"class":74},[56,9835,9397],{"class":70},[42,9837,9491],{"id":9838},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9840,650,9841,9843],{},[15,9842,9207],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[47,9845,9847],{"className":49,"code":9846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9848,9849,9859,9873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9850,9851,9853,9855,9857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9852,9253],{"class":62},[56,9854,67],{"class":66},[56,9856,9258],{"class":1545},[56,9858,105],{"class":70},[56,9860,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9862,112],{"class":111},[56,9864,115],{"class":70},[56,9866,1546],{"class":1545},[56,9868,115],{"class":70},[56,9870,9292],{"class":101},[56,9872,1553],{"class":70},[56,9874,9875,9877,9879,9881],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,9876,112],{"class":111},[56,9878,115],{"class":70},[56,9880,9292],{"class":101},[56,9882,238],{"class":70},[20,9884,9885],{},[540,9886,241],{},[47,9888,9890],{"className":49,"code":9889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9891,9892,9906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9893,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9895,1635],{"class":66},[56,9897,1639],{"class":1638},[56,9899,263],{"class":180},[56,9901,8908],{"class":184},[56,9903,254],{"class":180},[56,9905,1649],{"class":66},[56,9907,9908],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9909,9523],{"class":70},[20,9911,9912],{},"This gives the same result as:",[47,9914,9916],{"className":49,"code":9915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n",[15,9917,9918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9919,9920,9922,9924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9921,9253],{"class":62},[56,9923,67],{"class":66},[56,9925,9926],{"class":70}," {}\n",[20,9928,9929,9930,9932,9933,9936,9937,9939],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9931,3881],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9934,9935],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9938,9207],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[42,9941,9943],{"id":9942},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9945,9946,9947,98],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9948,9207],{},[47,9950,9952],{"className":49,"code":9951,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9953,9954,9992,10006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9955,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9957,9303],{"class":62},[56,9959,67],{"class":66},[56,9961,9308],{"class":70},[56,9963,254],{"class":180},[56,9965,7759],{"class":184},[56,9967,254],{"class":180},[56,9969,78],{"class":70},[56,9971,263],{"class":180},[56,9973,5091],{"class":184},[56,9975,254],{"class":180},[56,9977,9321],{"class":70},[56,9979,9324],{"class":70},[56,9981,254],{"class":180},[56,9983,9387],{"class":184},[56,9985,254],{"class":180},[56,9987,78],{"class":70},[56,9989,9394],{"class":74},[56,9991,9337],{"class":70},[56,9993,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,9995,9253],{"class":62},[56,9997,67],{"class":66},[56,9999,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10001,115],{"class":70},[56,10003,9350],{"class":101},[56,10005,238],{"class":70},[56,10007,10008,10010,10012,10014],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,10009,112],{"class":111},[56,10011,115],{"class":70},[56,10013,9292],{"class":101},[56,10015,238],{"class":70},[20,10017,10018],{},[540,10019,241],{},[47,10021,10022],{"className":49,"code":9689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10023,10024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10025,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10027,9366],{"class":70},[56,10029,254],{"class":180},[56,10031,7759],{"class":184},[56,10033,254],{"class":180},[56,10035,141],{"class":70},[56,10037,263],{"class":180},[56,10039,5091],{"class":184},[56,10041,254],{"class":180},[56,10043,78],{"class":70},[56,10045,263],{"class":180},[56,10047,9387],{"class":184},[56,10049,254],{"class":180},[56,10051,141],{"class":70},[56,10053,9394],{"class":74},[56,10055,9397],{"class":70},[20,10057,10058],{},"Each pair becomes:",[143,10060,10061,10064],{},[146,10062,10063],{},"the first item as the key",[146,10065,10066],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10068,10069],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[47,10071,10073],{"className":49,"code":10072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10074,10075,10110,10124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10076,10077,10079,10081,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10078,9303],{"class":62},[56,10080,67],{"class":66},[56,10082,10083],{"class":70}," ((",[56,10085,254],{"class":180},[56,10087,36],{"class":184},[56,10089,254],{"class":180},[56,10091,78],{"class":70},[56,10093,910],{"class":74},[56,10095,9321],{"class":70},[56,10097,9324],{"class":70},[56,10099,254],{"class":180},[56,10101,194],{"class":184},[56,10103,254],{"class":180},[56,10105,78],{"class":70},[56,10107,81],{"class":74},[56,10109,1553],{"class":70},[56,10111,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10113,9253],{"class":62},[56,10115,67],{"class":66},[56,10117,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10119,115],{"class":70},[56,10121,9350],{"class":101},[56,10123,238],{"class":70},[56,10125,10126,10128,10130,10132],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,10127,112],{"class":111},[56,10129,115],{"class":70},[56,10131,9292],{"class":101},[56,10133,238],{"class":70},[20,10135,10136],{},[540,10137,241],{},[47,10139,10140],{"className":49,"code":9603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10141,10142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10143,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10145,9366],{"class":70},[56,10147,254],{"class":180},[56,10149,36],{"class":184},[56,10151,254],{"class":180},[56,10153,141],{"class":70},[56,10155,910],{"class":74},[56,10157,78],{"class":70},[56,10159,263],{"class":180},[56,10161,194],{"class":184},[56,10163,254],{"class":180},[56,10165,141],{"class":70},[56,10167,81],{"class":74},[56,10169,9397],{"class":70},[20,10171,10172,10173,98],{},"Each item must contain ",[540,10174,10175],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10177,2934],{},[47,10179,10181],{"className":49,"code":10180,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10182,10183,10223],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10184,10185,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10186,10187],{"class":62},"bad_data ",[56,10189,67],{"class":66},[56,10191,9308],{"class":70},[56,10193,254],{"class":180},[56,10195,36],{"class":184},[56,10197,254],{"class":180},[56,10199,78],{"class":70},[56,10201,910],{"class":74},[56,10203,78],{"class":70},[56,10205,10206],{"class":74}," 100",[56,10208,9321],{"class":70},[56,10210,9324],{"class":70},[56,10212,254],{"class":180},[56,10214,194],{"class":184},[56,10216,254],{"class":180},[56,10218,78],{"class":70},[56,10220,81],{"class":74},[56,10222,9337],{"class":70},[56,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10236],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10226,1156],{"class":62},[56,10228,67],{"class":66},[56,10230,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10232,115],{"class":70},[56,10234,10235],{"class":101},"bad_data",[56,10237,238],{"class":70},[20,10239,10240,10241,10244],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10242,10243],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10246,10247],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[47,10249,10251],{"className":49,"code":10250,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10252,10253,10302,10316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10254,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10256,9303],{"class":62},[56,10258,67],{"class":66},[56,10260,9308],{"class":70},[56,10262,254],{"class":180},[56,10264,36],{"class":184},[56,10266,254],{"class":180},[56,10268,78],{"class":70},[56,10270,910],{"class":74},[56,10272,9321],{"class":70},[56,10274,9324],{"class":70},[56,10276,254],{"class":180},[56,10278,36],{"class":184},[56,10280,254],{"class":180},[56,10282,78],{"class":70},[56,10284,10285],{"class":74}," 99",[56,10287,9321],{"class":70},[56,10289,9324],{"class":70},[56,10291,254],{"class":180},[56,10293,194],{"class":184},[56,10295,254],{"class":180},[56,10297,78],{"class":70},[56,10299,81],{"class":74},[56,10301,9337],{"class":70},[56,10303,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10305,9253],{"class":62},[56,10307,67],{"class":66},[56,10309,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10311,115],{"class":70},[56,10313,9350],{"class":101},[56,10315,238],{"class":70},[56,10317,10318,10320,10322,10324],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,10319,112],{"class":111},[56,10321,115],{"class":70},[56,10323,9292],{"class":101},[56,10325,238],{"class":70},[20,10327,10328],{},[540,10329,241],{},[47,10331,10333],{"className":49,"code":10332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10334,10335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10336,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10338,9366],{"class":70},[56,10340,254],{"class":180},[56,10342,36],{"class":184},[56,10344,254],{"class":180},[56,10346,141],{"class":70},[56,10348,10285],{"class":74},[56,10350,78],{"class":70},[56,10352,263],{"class":180},[56,10354,194],{"class":184},[56,10356,254],{"class":180},[56,10358,141],{"class":70},[56,10360,81],{"class":74},[56,10362,9397],{"class":70},[42,10364,10366],{"id":10365},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10368,10369],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[47,10371,10372],{"className":49,"code":9640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10373,10374,10404],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10375,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10377,9253],{"class":62},[56,10379,67],{"class":66},[56,10381,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10383,115],{"class":70},[56,10385,7759],{"class":9263},[56,10387,67],{"class":66},[56,10389,254],{"class":180},[56,10391,5091],{"class":184},[56,10393,254],{"class":180},[56,10395,78],{"class":70},[56,10397,9276],{"class":9263},[56,10399,67],{"class":66},[56,10401,9281],{"class":74},[56,10403,238],{"class":70},[56,10405,10406,10408,10410,10412],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10407,112],{"class":111},[56,10409,115],{"class":70},[56,10411,9292],{"class":101},[56,10413,238],{"class":70},[20,10415,10416],{},[540,10417,241],{},[47,10419,10420],{"className":49,"code":9689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10421,10422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10423,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10425,9366],{"class":70},[56,10427,254],{"class":180},[56,10429,7759],{"class":184},[56,10431,254],{"class":180},[56,10433,141],{"class":70},[56,10435,263],{"class":180},[56,10437,5091],{"class":184},[56,10439,254],{"class":180},[56,10441,78],{"class":70},[56,10443,263],{"class":180},[56,10445,9387],{"class":184},[56,10447,254],{"class":180},[56,10449,141],{"class":70},[56,10451,9394],{"class":74},[56,10453,9397],{"class":70},[20,10455,10456],{},"In this form:",[143,10458,10459,10467],{},[146,10460,10461,10463,10464],{},[15,10462,7759],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10465,10466],{},"'name'",[146,10468,10469,10463,10471],{},[15,10470,9387],{},[15,10472,10473],{},"'age'",[20,10475,10476],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10478,10479],{},"Valid examples:",[47,10481,10483],{"className":49,"code":10482,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10484,10485,10523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10486,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10498,10500,10502,10505,10507,10509,10512,10514,10516,10519,10521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10488,9253],{"class":62},[56,10490,67],{"class":66},[56,10492,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10494,115],{"class":70},[56,10496,10497],{"class":9263},"city",[56,10499,67],{"class":66},[56,10501,254],{"class":180},[56,10503,10504],{"class":184},"Paris",[56,10506,254],{"class":180},[56,10508,78],{"class":70},[56,10510,10511],{"class":9263}," country",[56,10513,67],{"class":66},[56,10515,254],{"class":180},[56,10517,10518],{"class":184},"France",[56,10520,254],{"class":180},[56,10522,238],{"class":70},[56,10524,10525,10527,10529,10531],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10526,112],{"class":111},[56,10528,115],{"class":70},[56,10530,9292],{"class":101},[56,10532,238],{"class":70},[20,10534,10535],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[143,10537,10538,10541,10544],{},[146,10539,10540],{},"spaces",[146,10542,10543],{},"hyphens",[146,10545,10546],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10548,10549,10550,10553],{},"For example, this is ",[540,10551,10552],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[47,10555,10557],{"className":49,"code":10556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10558,10559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10560,10561],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10562,10556],{"class":123},[20,10564,10565],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[47,10567,10569],{"className":49,"code":10568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10570,10571,10614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10572,10573,10575,10577,10580,10582,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10574,9253],{"class":62},[56,10576,67],{"class":66},[56,10578,10579],{"class":70}," {",[56,10581,254],{"class":180},[56,10583,10584],{"class":184},"first-name",[56,10586,254],{"class":180},[56,10588,141],{"class":70},[56,10590,263],{"class":180},[56,10592,7768],{"class":184},[56,10594,254],{"class":180},[56,10596,78],{"class":70},[56,10598,263],{"class":180},[56,10600,10601],{"class":184},"first name",[56,10603,254],{"class":180},[56,10605,141],{"class":70},[56,10607,263],{"class":180},[56,10609,7768],{"class":184},[56,10611,254],{"class":180},[56,10613,9397],{"class":70},[56,10615,10616,10618,10620,10622],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10617,112],{"class":111},[56,10619,115],{"class":70},[56,10621,9292],{"class":101},[56,10623,238],{"class":70},[20,10625,10626],{},[540,10627,241],{},[47,10629,10631],{"className":49,"code":10630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10632,10633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10634,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10636,9366],{"class":70},[56,10638,254],{"class":180},[56,10640,10584],{"class":184},[56,10642,254],{"class":180},[56,10644,141],{"class":70},[56,10646,263],{"class":180},[56,10648,7768],{"class":184},[56,10650,254],{"class":180},[56,10652,78],{"class":70},[56,10654,263],{"class":180},[56,10656,10601],{"class":184},[56,10658,254],{"class":180},[56,10660,141],{"class":70},[56,10662,263],{"class":180},[56,10664,7768],{"class":184},[56,10666,254],{"class":180},[56,10668,9397],{"class":70},[42,10670,10672,1021,10674],{"id":10671},"dict-vs",[15,10673,9207],{},[15,10675,3881],{},[20,10677,10678,10679,4480,10681,10683],{},"Both ",[15,10680,9207],{},[15,10682,3881],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1030,10685,650,10687,10689],{"id":10686},"use-when",[15,10688,3881],{}," when:",[143,10691,10692,10695],{},[146,10693,10694],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[146,10696,10697],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[47,10699,10700],{"className":49,"code":9915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,10701,10702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10703,10704,10706,10708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10705,9253],{"class":62},[56,10707,67],{"class":66},[56,10709,9926],{"class":70},[1030,10711,650,10713,10689],{"id":10712},"use-dict-when",[15,10714,9207],{},[143,10716,10717,10720,10723],{},[146,10718,10719],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[146,10721,10722],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[146,10724,10725],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[47,10727,10729],{"className":49,"code":10728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10730,10731,10768],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10732,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10734,9253],{"class":62},[56,10736,67],{"class":66},[56,10738,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10740,9746],{"class":70},[56,10742,254],{"class":180},[56,10744,36],{"class":184},[56,10746,254],{"class":180},[56,10748,78],{"class":70},[56,10750,910],{"class":74},[56,10752,9321],{"class":70},[56,10754,9324],{"class":70},[56,10756,254],{"class":180},[56,10758,194],{"class":184},[56,10760,254],{"class":180},[56,10762,78],{"class":70},[56,10764,81],{"class":74},[56,10766,10767],{"class":70},")])\n",[56,10769,10770,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10771,10772],{"class":62},"info ",[56,10774,67],{"class":66},[56,10776,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10778,115],{"class":70},[56,10780,7759],{"class":9263},[56,10782,67],{"class":66},[56,10784,254],{"class":180},[56,10786,5091],{"class":184},[56,10788,254],{"class":180},[56,10790,78],{"class":70},[56,10792,9276],{"class":9263},[56,10794,67],{"class":66},[56,10796,9281],{"class":74},[56,10798,238],{"class":70},[20,10800,10801],{},"So:",[143,10803,10804,10809],{},[146,10805,10806,10808],{},[15,10807,3881],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[146,10810,10811,10813],{},[15,10812,9207],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10815,10816,10817,10821,10822,98],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[36,10818,10820],{"href":10819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[36,10823,10825,10826,1384],{"href":10824},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10827,10828],{},"get()",[42,10830,10832],{"id":10831},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10834,10835,10836,98],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10837,9207],{},[1030,10839,10841],{"id":10840},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10843,4613],{},[47,10845,10847],{"className":49,"code":10846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10848,10849,10873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10850,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10852,7871],{"class":62},[56,10854,67],{"class":66},[56,10856,71],{"class":70},[56,10858,254],{"class":180},[56,10860,36],{"class":184},[56,10862,254],{"class":180},[56,10864,78],{"class":70},[56,10866,263],{"class":180},[56,10868,194],{"class":184},[56,10870,254],{"class":180},[56,10872,89],{"class":70},[56,10874,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10876,9253],{"class":62},[56,10878,67],{"class":66},[56,10880,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10882,115],{"class":70},[56,10884,7900],{"class":101},[56,10886,238],{"class":70},[20,10888,10889,10890,98],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10891,10892],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10894,10895],{},"Correct version:",[47,10897,10899],{"className":49,"code":10898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10900,10901,10935,10949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10904,7871],{"class":62},[56,10906,67],{"class":66},[56,10908,9308],{"class":70},[56,10910,254],{"class":180},[56,10912,36],{"class":184},[56,10914,254],{"class":180},[56,10916,78],{"class":70},[56,10918,910],{"class":74},[56,10920,9321],{"class":70},[56,10922,9324],{"class":70},[56,10924,254],{"class":180},[56,10926,194],{"class":184},[56,10928,254],{"class":180},[56,10930,78],{"class":70},[56,10932,81],{"class":74},[56,10934,9337],{"class":70},[56,10936,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,10938,9253],{"class":62},[56,10940,67],{"class":66},[56,10942,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10944,115],{"class":70},[56,10946,7900],{"class":101},[56,10948,238],{"class":70},[56,10950,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,10952,112],{"class":111},[56,10954,115],{"class":70},[56,10956,9292],{"class":101},[56,10958,238],{"class":70},[1030,10960,10962],{"id":10961},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10964,10965],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[47,10967,10969],{"className":49,"code":10968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10970,10971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10972,10973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10974,10968],{"class":123},[20,10976,10977,10978,141],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10979,67],{},[47,10981,10983],{"className":49,"code":10982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10984,10985,11007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10986,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10988,9253],{"class":62},[56,10990,67],{"class":66},[56,10992,9258],{"class":1545},[56,10994,115],{"class":70},[56,10996,7759],{"class":9263},[56,10998,67],{"class":66},[56,11000,254],{"class":180},[56,11002,5091],{"class":184},[56,11004,254],{"class":180},[56,11006,238],{"class":70},[56,11008,11009,11011,11013,11015],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11010,112],{"class":111},[56,11012,115],{"class":70},[56,11014,9292],{"class":101},[56,11016,238],{"class":70},[1030,11018,11020],{"id":11019},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11022,11023],{},"This will not work:",[47,11025,11026],{"className":49,"code":10556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,11027,11028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11029,11030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11031,10556],{"class":123},[20,11033,11034],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[47,11036,11038],{"className":49,"code":11037,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11039,11040,11064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11041,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11043,9253],{"class":62},[56,11045,67],{"class":66},[56,11047,10579],{"class":70},[56,11049,254],{"class":180},[56,11051,10584],{"class":184},[56,11053,254],{"class":180},[56,11055,141],{"class":70},[56,11057,263],{"class":180},[56,11059,7768],{"class":184},[56,11061,254],{"class":180},[56,11063,9397],{"class":70},[56,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11067,112],{"class":111},[56,11069,115],{"class":70},[56,11071,9292],{"class":101},[56,11073,238],{"class":70},[1030,11075,11077],{"id":11076},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11079,11080],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[47,11082,11084],{"className":49,"code":11083,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11085,11086,11122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11087,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11089,9253],{"class":62},[56,11091,67],{"class":66},[56,11093,9258],{"class":1545},[56,11095,9746],{"class":70},[56,11097,254],{"class":180},[56,11099,2271],{"class":184},[56,11101,254],{"class":180},[56,11103,78],{"class":70},[56,11105,910],{"class":74},[56,11107,9321],{"class":70},[56,11109,9324],{"class":70},[56,11111,254],{"class":180},[56,11113,2271],{"class":184},[56,11115,254],{"class":180},[56,11117,78],{"class":70},[56,11119,81],{"class":74},[56,11121,10767],{"class":70},[56,11123,11124,11126,11128,11130],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11125,112],{"class":111},[56,11127,115],{"class":70},[56,11129,9292],{"class":101},[56,11131,238],{"class":70},[20,11133,11134],{},[540,11135,241],{},[47,11137,11139],{"className":49,"code":11138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11140,11141],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11142,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11144,9366],{"class":70},[56,11146,254],{"class":180},[56,11148,2271],{"class":184},[56,11150,254],{"class":180},[56,11152,141],{"class":70},[56,11154,81],{"class":74},[56,11156,9397],{"class":70},[20,11158,11159,11160,98],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[36,11161,11163],{"href":11162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[42,11165,1418],{"id":1417},[20,11167,11168,11169,11171],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11170,9207],{}," include:",[143,11173,11174,11184,11190,11193],{},[146,11175,11176,11177,11180,11181],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11178,11179],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11182,11183],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[146,11185,11186,11187],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11188,11189],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[146,11191,11192],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[146,11194,11195,11196,11198],{},"confusing ",[15,11197,9207],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11200,11201],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,11203,11205],{"className":49,"code":11204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11206,11207,11221,11231,11242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11208,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11210,112],{"class":111},[56,11212,115],{"class":70},[56,11214,1546],{"class":1545},[56,11216,115],{"class":70},[56,11218,9292],{"class":101},[56,11220,1553],{"class":70},[56,11222,11223,11225,11227,11229],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11224,112],{"class":111},[56,11226,115],{"class":70},[56,11228,9292],{"class":101},[56,11230,238],{"class":70},[56,11232,11233,11235,11237,11240],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,11234,112],{"class":111},[56,11236,115],{"class":70},[56,11238,11239],{"class":101},"list_of_pairs",[56,11241,238],{"class":70},[56,11243,11244,11246,11248,11251,11253,11255],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,11245,112],{"class":111},[56,11247,115],{"class":70},[56,11249,11250],{"class":111},"len",[56,11252,115],{"class":70},[56,11254,11239],{"class":101},[56,11256,1553],{"class":70},[20,11258,11259],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[143,11261,11262,11265,11268],{},[146,11263,11264],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[146,11266,11267],{},"what data is being passed in",[146,11269,11270],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[42,11272,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,11274,5268,11276,4480,11278,1911],{"id":11275},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11277,9207],{},[15,11279,3881],{},[20,11281,11282,11284,11285,11287],{},[15,11283,3881],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11286,9207],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1030,11289,5258,11291,11293],{"id":11290},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11292,9207],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11295,11296,11297,98],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11298,11183],{},[1030,11300,5246,11302,11305],{"id":11301},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11303,11304],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11307,11308],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1030,11310,11312,11313,11315],{"id":11311},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11314,9207],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11317,11318,11319,11322],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11320,11321],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[42,11324,1996],{"id":1995},[143,11326,11327,11332,11336,11341,11347],{},[146,11328,11329],{},[36,11330,11331],{"href":9479},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[146,11333,11334],{},[36,11335,9243],{"href":9242},[146,11337,11338],{},[36,11339,11340],{"href":10819},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[146,11342,11343],{},[36,11344,10825,11345,1384],{"href":10824},[15,11346,10828],{},[146,11348,11349],{},[36,11350,11351],{"href":11162},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2028,11353,11354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":11356},[11357,11359,11365,11366,11367,11368,11375,11381,11382,11392],{"id":9433,"depth":92,"text":11358},"What dict() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":11360},[11361,11362,11363,11364],{"id":9490,"depth":108,"text":9491},{"id":9532,"depth":108,"text":9533},{"id":9636,"depth":108,"text":9637},{"id":9726,"depth":108,"text":9727},{"id":9838,"depth":92,"text":9491},{"id":9942,"depth":92,"text":9943},{"id":10365,"depth":92,"text":10366},{"id":10671,"depth":92,"text":11369,"children":11370},"dict() vs {}",[11371,11373],{"id":10686,"depth":108,"text":11372},"Use {} when:",{"id":10712,"depth":108,"text":11374},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10831,"depth":92,"text":10832,"children":11376},[11377,11378,11379,11380],{"id":10840,"depth":108,"text":10841},{"id":10961,"depth":108,"text":10962},{"id":11019,"depth":108,"text":11020},{"id":11076,"depth":108,"text":11077},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":11383},[11384,11386,11388,11390],{"id":11275,"depth":108,"text":11385},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11290,"depth":108,"text":11387},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11301,"depth":108,"text":11389},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11311,"depth":108,"text":11391},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9199,"description":11393},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11400,"title":11401,"body":11402,"description":12902,"extension":2062,"meta":12903,"navigation":600,"path":12904,"seo":12905,"stem":12906,"__hash__":12907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11403,"toc":12871},[11404,11411,11417,11424,11426,11487,11492,11497,11502,11519,11522,11526,11528,11544,11547,11560,11562,11565,11699,11701,11768,11770,11786,11792,11798,11801,11883,11885,11898,11902,11908,11973,11975,11983,11985,12007,12013,12076,12082,12085,12099,12112,12116,12127,12132,12143,12150,12154,12160,12282,12284,12310,12313,12330,12333,12444,12446,12495,12497,12510,12519,12524,12529,12540,12542,12645,12668,12670,12674,12691,12694,12752,12755,12781,12783,12789,12792,12798,12802,12809,12817,12823,12826,12828,12868],[10,11405,11407,11408,18],{"id":11406},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11409,11410],{},"clear()",[20,11412,11413,11416],{},[15,11414,11415],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11418,11419,11420,11423],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[540,11421,11422],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[42,11425,2104],{"id":2103},[47,11427,11429],{"className":49,"code":11428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11430,11431,11463,11474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11432,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11434,9253],{"class":62},[56,11436,67],{"class":66},[56,11438,10579],{"class":70},[56,11440,181],{"class":180},[56,11442,36],{"class":184},[56,11444,181],{"class":180},[56,11446,141],{"class":70},[56,11448,910],{"class":74},[56,11450,78],{"class":70},[56,11452,191],{"class":180},[56,11454,194],{"class":184},[56,11456,181],{"class":180},[56,11458,141],{"class":70},[56,11460,81],{"class":74},[56,11462,9397],{"class":70},[56,11464,11465,11467,11469,11472],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11466,9292],{"class":62},[56,11468,98],{"class":70},[56,11470,11471],{"class":101},"clear",[56,11473,105],{"class":70},[56,11475,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,11477,112],{"class":111},[56,11479,115],{"class":70},[56,11481,9292],{"class":101},[56,11483,120],{"class":70},[56,11485,11486],{"class":123},"  # {}\n",[20,11488,11489,11491],{},[15,11490,11410],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[42,11493,133,11495,136],{"id":11494},"what-clear-does",[15,11496,11410],{},[20,11498,2079,11499,11501],{},[15,11500,11410],{}," method:",[143,11503,11504,11507,11510,11514],{},[146,11505,11506],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[146,11508,11509],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[146,11511,154,11512],{},[15,11513,157],{},[146,11515,11516,11517],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11518,3881],{},[20,11520,11521],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11523,9239,11524,98],{},[36,11525,9243],{"href":9242},[42,11527,289],{"id":288},[47,11529,11531],{"className":49,"code":11530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11532,11533],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11534,11535,11538,11540,11542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11536,11537],{"class":62},"my_dict",[56,11539,98],{"class":70},[56,11541,11471],{"class":101},[56,11543,105],{"class":70},[20,11545,11546],{},"Important points:",[143,11548,11549,11554,11557],{},[146,11550,11551,11553],{},[15,11552,11410],{}," takes no arguments",[146,11555,11556],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[146,11558,11559],{},"It empties that dictionary",[42,11561,425],{"id":424},[20,11563,11564],{},"Here is a basic example:",[47,11566,11568],{"className":49,"code":11567,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11569,11570,11580,11601,11615,11632,11636,11640,11660,11664,11675,11679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11571,11572,11575,11577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11573,11574],{"class":62},"user ",[56,11576,67],{"class":66},[56,11578,11579],{"class":70}," {\n",[56,11581,11582,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11596,11598],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11583,11584],{"class":180},"    \"",[56,11586,7759],{"class":184},[56,11588,181],{"class":180},[56,11590,141],{"class":70},[56,11592,191],{"class":180},[56,11594,11595],{"class":184},"Maya",[56,11597,181],{"class":180},[56,11599,11600],{"class":70},",\n",[56,11602,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,11604,11584],{"class":180},[56,11606,9387],{"class":184},[56,11608,181],{"class":180},[56,11610,141],{"class":70},[56,11612,9394],{"class":74},[56,11614,11600],{"class":70},[56,11616,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11630],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,11618,11584],{"class":180},[56,11620,10497],{"class":184},[56,11622,181],{"class":180},[56,11624,141],{"class":70},[56,11626,191],{"class":180},[56,11628,11629],{"class":184},"Berlin",[56,11631,1476],{"class":180},[56,11633,11634],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,11635,9397],{"class":70},[56,11637,11638],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,11639,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11641,11642,11644,11646,11648,11651,11653,11655,11658],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,11643,112],{"class":111},[56,11645,115],{"class":70},[56,11647,181],{"class":180},[56,11649,11650],{"class":184},"Before:",[56,11652,181],{"class":180},[56,11654,78],{"class":70},[56,11656,11657],{"class":101}," user",[56,11659,238],{"class":70},[56,11661,11662],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,11663,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11665,11666,11669,11671,11673],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,11667,11668],{"class":62},"user",[56,11670,98],{"class":70},[56,11672,11471],{"class":101},[56,11674,105],{"class":70},[56,11676,11677],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,11678,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688,11691,11693,11695,11697],{"class":58,"line":11681},11,[56,11683,112],{"class":111},[56,11685,115],{"class":70},[56,11687,181],{"class":180},[56,11689,11690],{"class":184},"After:",[56,11692,181],{"class":180},[56,11694,78],{"class":70},[56,11696,11657],{"class":101},[56,11698,238],{"class":70},[20,11700,5649],{},[47,11702,11704],{"className":49,"code":11703,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11705,11706,11759],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11707,11708,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11709,11710],{"class":62},"Before",[56,11712,141],{"class":70},[56,11714,10579],{"class":70},[56,11716,254],{"class":180},[56,11718,7759],{"class":184},[56,11720,254],{"class":180},[56,11722,141],{"class":70},[56,11724,263],{"class":180},[56,11726,11595],{"class":184},[56,11728,254],{"class":180},[56,11730,78],{"class":70},[56,11732,263],{"class":180},[56,11734,9387],{"class":184},[56,11736,254],{"class":180},[56,11738,141],{"class":70},[56,11740,9394],{"class":74},[56,11742,78],{"class":70},[56,11744,263],{"class":180},[56,11746,10497],{"class":184},[56,11748,254],{"class":180},[56,11750,141],{"class":70},[56,11752,263],{"class":180},[56,11754,11629],{"class":184},[56,11756,254],{"class":180},[56,11758,9397],{"class":70},[56,11760,11761,11764,11766],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11762,11763],{"class":62},"After",[56,11765,141],{"class":70},[56,11767,9926],{"class":70},[20,11769,513],{},[143,11771,11772,11777,11783],{},[146,11773,11774,11776],{},[15,11775,11668],{}," starts with three items",[146,11778,11779,11782],{},[15,11780,11781],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[146,11784,11785],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[42,11787,133,11789,11791],{"id":11788},"what-clear-returns",[15,11790,11410],{}," returns",[20,11793,11794,2494,11796,98],{},[15,11795,11410],{},[15,11797,157],{},[20,11799,11800],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,11802,11804],{"className":49,"code":11803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11805,11806,11840,11844,11859,11863,11873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11807,11808,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11832,11834,11836,11838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11809,11810],{"class":62},"my_dict ",[56,11812,67],{"class":66},[56,11814,10579],{"class":70},[56,11816,181],{"class":180},[56,11818,2271],{"class":184},[56,11820,181],{"class":180},[56,11822,141],{"class":70},[56,11824,910],{"class":74},[56,11826,78],{"class":70},[56,11828,191],{"class":180},[56,11830,11831],{"class":184},"y",[56,11833,181],{"class":180},[56,11835,141],{"class":70},[56,11837,81],{"class":74},[56,11839,9397],{"class":70},[56,11841,11842],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11843,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11845,11846,11848,11850,11853,11855,11857],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,11847,1156],{"class":62},[56,11849,67],{"class":66},[56,11851,11852],{"class":62}," my_dict",[56,11854,98],{"class":70},[56,11856,11471],{"class":101},[56,11858,105],{"class":70},[56,11860,11861],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,11862,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11864,11865,11867,11869,11871],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,11866,112],{"class":111},[56,11868,115],{"class":70},[56,11870,1190],{"class":101},[56,11872,238],{"class":70},[56,11874,11875,11877,11879,11881],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,11876,112],{"class":111},[56,11878,115],{"class":70},[56,11880,11537],{"class":101},[56,11882,238],{"class":70},[20,11884,241],{},[47,11886,11888],{"className":49,"code":11887,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{}\n",[15,11889,11890,11894],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11891,11892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11893,894],{"class":893},[56,11895,11896],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11897,9523],{"class":70},[1030,11899,11901],{"id":11900},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11903,11904,11905,11907],{},"Do ",[540,11906,931],{}," do this:",[47,11909,11911],{"className":49,"code":11910,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11912,11913,11945,11959,11963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11914,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11916,11810],{"class":62},[56,11918,67],{"class":66},[56,11920,10579],{"class":70},[56,11922,181],{"class":180},[56,11924,2271],{"class":184},[56,11926,181],{"class":180},[56,11928,141],{"class":70},[56,11930,910],{"class":74},[56,11932,78],{"class":70},[56,11934,191],{"class":180},[56,11936,11831],{"class":184},[56,11938,181],{"class":180},[56,11940,141],{"class":70},[56,11942,81],{"class":74},[56,11944,9397],{"class":70},[56,11946,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,11948,11810],{"class":62},[56,11950,67],{"class":66},[56,11952,11852],{"class":62},[56,11954,98],{"class":70},[56,11956,11471],{"class":101},[56,11958,105],{"class":70},[56,11960,11961],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,11962,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,11964,11965,11967,11969,11971],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,11966,112],{"class":111},[56,11968,115],{"class":70},[56,11970,11537],{"class":101},[56,11972,238],{"class":70},[20,11974,241],{},[47,11976,11977],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,11978,11979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11980,11981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11982,894],{"class":893},[20,11984,915],{},[143,11986,11987,11993,11998],{},[146,11988,11989,11992],{},[15,11990,11991],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[146,11994,11995,11996],{},"The method returns ",[15,11997,157],{},[146,11999,1870,12000,12003,12004,12006],{},[15,12001,12002],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12005,157],{}," in the variable",[20,12008,12009,12010,12012],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12011,11410],{}," by itself:",[47,12014,12016],{"className":49,"code":12015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12017,12018,12050,12060,12064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12019,12020,12022,12024,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12021,11810],{"class":62},[56,12023,67],{"class":66},[56,12025,10579],{"class":70},[56,12027,181],{"class":180},[56,12029,2271],{"class":184},[56,12031,181],{"class":180},[56,12033,141],{"class":70},[56,12035,910],{"class":74},[56,12037,78],{"class":70},[56,12039,191],{"class":180},[56,12041,11831],{"class":184},[56,12043,181],{"class":180},[56,12045,141],{"class":70},[56,12047,81],{"class":74},[56,12049,9397],{"class":70},[56,12051,12052,12054,12056,12058],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12053,11537],{"class":62},[56,12055,98],{"class":70},[56,12057,11471],{"class":101},[56,12059,105],{"class":70},[56,12061,12062],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12063,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12065,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,12067,112],{"class":111},[56,12069,115],{"class":70},[56,12071,11537],{"class":101},[56,12073,120],{"class":70},[56,12075,11486],{"class":123},[42,12077,12079,12081],{"id":12078},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12080,11410],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12083,12084],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[47,12086,12087],{"className":49,"code":11530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,12088,12089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12090,12091,12093,12095,12097],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12092,11537],{"class":62},[56,12094,98],{"class":70},[56,12096,11471],{"class":101},[56,12098,105],{"class":70},[47,12100,12102],{"className":49,"code":12101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12103,12104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12105,12106,12108,12110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12107,11810],{"class":62},[56,12109,67],{"class":66},[56,12111,9926],{"class":70},[1030,12113,12114],{"id":11471},[15,12115,11410],{},[143,12117,12118,12121,12124],{},[146,12119,12120],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[146,12122,12123],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[146,12125,12126],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1030,12128,12129],{"id":11537},[15,12130,12131],{},"my_dict = {}",[143,12133,12134,12137,12140],{},[146,12135,12136],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[146,12138,12139],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[146,12141,12142],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12144,12145,12146,98],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[36,12147,12149],{"href":12148},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[42,12151,12153],{"id":12152},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12155,12156,12157,12159],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12158,11410],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[47,12161,12163],{"className":49,"code":12162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12164,12165,12198,12208,12212,12223,12227,12247,12267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12166,12167,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192,12194,12196],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12168,12169],{"class":62},"original ",[56,12171,67],{"class":66},[56,12173,10579],{"class":70},[56,12175,181],{"class":180},[56,12177,36],{"class":184},[56,12179,181],{"class":180},[56,12181,141],{"class":70},[56,12183,910],{"class":74},[56,12185,78],{"class":70},[56,12187,191],{"class":180},[56,12189,194],{"class":184},[56,12191,181],{"class":180},[56,12193,141],{"class":70},[56,12195,81],{"class":74},[56,12197,9397],{"class":70},[56,12199,12200,12203,12205],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12201,12202],{"class":62},"other_ref ",[56,12204,67],{"class":66},[56,12206,12207],{"class":62}," original\n",[56,12209,12210],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12211,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12213,12214,12217,12219,12221],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,12215,12216],{"class":62},"original",[56,12218,98],{"class":70},[56,12220,11471],{"class":101},[56,12222,105],{"class":70},[56,12224,12225],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,12226,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12228,12229,12231,12233,12235,12238,12240,12242,12245],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,12230,112],{"class":111},[56,12232,115],{"class":70},[56,12234,181],{"class":180},[56,12236,12237],{"class":184},"original:",[56,12239,181],{"class":180},[56,12241,78],{"class":70},[56,12243,12244],{"class":101}," original",[56,12246,238],{"class":70},[56,12248,12249,12251,12253,12255,12258,12260,12262,12265],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,12250,112],{"class":111},[56,12252,115],{"class":70},[56,12254,181],{"class":180},[56,12256,12257],{"class":184},"other_ref:",[56,12259,181],{"class":180},[56,12261,78],{"class":70},[56,12263,12264],{"class":101}," other_ref",[56,12266,238],{"class":70},[56,12268,12269,12271,12273,12275,12278,12280],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,12270,112],{"class":111},[56,12272,115],{"class":70},[56,12274,12169],{"class":101},[56,12276,12277],{"class":3965},"is",[56,12279,12264],{"class":101},[56,12281,238],{"class":70},[20,12283,241],{},[47,12285,12287],{"className":49,"code":12286,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12288,12289,12297,12306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12290,12291,12293,12295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12292,12216],{"class":62},[56,12294,141],{"class":70},[56,12296,9926],{"class":70},[56,12298,12299,12302,12304],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12300,12301],{"class":62},"other_ref",[56,12303,141],{"class":70},[56,12305,9926],{"class":70},[56,12307,12308],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12309,4068],{"class":893},[20,12311,12312],{},"This shows:",[143,12314,12315,12322,12327],{},[146,12316,12317,4480,12319,12321],{},[15,12318,12216],{},[15,12320,12301],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[146,12323,12324,12326],{},[15,12325,11410],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[146,12328,12329],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12331,12332],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[47,12334,12336],{"className":49,"code":12335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12337,12338,12370,12378,12382,12390,12394,12412,12430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12339,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12341,12169],{"class":62},[56,12343,67],{"class":66},[56,12345,10579],{"class":70},[56,12347,181],{"class":180},[56,12349,36],{"class":184},[56,12351,181],{"class":180},[56,12353,141],{"class":70},[56,12355,910],{"class":74},[56,12357,78],{"class":70},[56,12359,191],{"class":180},[56,12361,194],{"class":184},[56,12363,181],{"class":180},[56,12365,141],{"class":70},[56,12367,81],{"class":74},[56,12369,9397],{"class":70},[56,12371,12372,12374,12376],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12373,12202],{"class":62},[56,12375,67],{"class":66},[56,12377,12207],{"class":62},[56,12379,12380],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12381,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12383,12384,12386,12388],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,12385,12169],{"class":62},[56,12387,67],{"class":66},[56,12389,9926],{"class":70},[56,12391,12392],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,12393,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12395,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,12397,112],{"class":111},[56,12399,115],{"class":70},[56,12401,181],{"class":180},[56,12403,12237],{"class":184},[56,12405,181],{"class":180},[56,12407,78],{"class":70},[56,12409,12244],{"class":101},[56,12411,238],{"class":70},[56,12413,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,12415,112],{"class":111},[56,12417,115],{"class":70},[56,12419,181],{"class":180},[56,12421,12257],{"class":184},[56,12423,181],{"class":180},[56,12425,78],{"class":70},[56,12427,12264],{"class":101},[56,12429,238],{"class":70},[56,12431,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,12433,112],{"class":111},[56,12435,115],{"class":70},[56,12437,12169],{"class":101},[56,12439,12277],{"class":3965},[56,12441,12264],{"class":101},[56,12443,238],{"class":70},[20,12445,241],{},[47,12447,12449],{"className":49,"code":12448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12450,12451,12459,12491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12452,12453,12455,12457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12454,12216],{"class":62},[56,12456,141],{"class":70},[56,12458,9926],{"class":70},[56,12460,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12462,12301],{"class":62},[56,12464,141],{"class":70},[56,12466,10579],{"class":70},[56,12468,254],{"class":180},[56,12470,36],{"class":184},[56,12472,254],{"class":180},[56,12474,141],{"class":70},[56,12476,910],{"class":74},[56,12478,78],{"class":70},[56,12480,263],{"class":180},[56,12482,194],{"class":184},[56,12484,254],{"class":180},[56,12486,141],{"class":70},[56,12488,81],{"class":74},[56,12490,9397],{"class":70},[56,12492,12493],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12494,4129],{"class":893},[20,12496,2276],{},[143,12498,12499,12505],{},[146,12500,12501,12504],{},[15,12502,12503],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[146,12506,12507,12509],{},[15,12508,12301],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12511,12512,12513,98],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[36,12514,12516],{"href":12515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12517,12518],{},"dict.copy()",[42,12520,1389,12522],{"id":12521},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12523,11410],{},[20,12525,12526,12528],{},[15,12527,11410],{}," is useful when you want to:",[143,12530,12531,12534,12537],{},[146,12532,12533],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[146,12535,12536],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[146,12538,12539],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12541,163],{},[47,12543,12545],{"className":49,"code":12544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12546,12547,12556,12572,12592,12605,12609,12613,12618,12629,12633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12548,12549,12552,12554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12550,12551],{"class":62},"session_data ",[56,12553,67],{"class":66},[56,12555,11579],{"class":70},[56,12557,12558,12560,12563,12565,12567,12570],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12559,11584],{"class":180},[56,12561,12562],{"class":184},"user_id",[56,12564,181],{"class":180},[56,12566,141],{"class":70},[56,12568,12569],{"class":74}," 101",[56,12571,11600],{"class":70},[56,12573,12574,12576,12579,12581,12583,12585,12588,12590],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12575,11584],{"class":180},[56,12577,12578],{"class":184},"theme",[56,12580,181],{"class":180},[56,12582,141],{"class":70},[56,12584,191],{"class":180},[56,12586,12587],{"class":184},"dark",[56,12589,181],{"class":180},[56,12591,11600],{"class":70},[56,12593,12594,12596,12599,12601,12603],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,12595,11584],{"class":180},[56,12597,12598],{"class":184},"logged_in",[56,12600,181],{"class":180},[56,12602,141],{"class":70},[56,12604,6513],{"class":893},[56,12606,12607],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,12608,9397],{"class":70},[56,12610,12611],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,12612,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12614,12615],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,12616,12617],{"class":123},"# Reset for a new session\n",[56,12619,12620,12623,12625,12627],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,12621,12622],{"class":62},"session_data",[56,12624,98],{"class":70},[56,12626,11471],{"class":101},[56,12628,105],{"class":70},[56,12630,12631],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,12632,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,12634,12635,12637,12639,12641,12643],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,12636,112],{"class":111},[56,12638,115],{"class":70},[56,12640,12622],{"class":101},[56,12642,120],{"class":70},[56,12644,11486],{"class":123},[20,12646,12647,12648,12654,12655,98,12659,12661,12662,98],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[36,12649,12651],{"href":12650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12652,12653],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[36,12656,12658],{"href":12657},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9934,12660],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[36,12663,12665],{"href":12664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12666,12667],{},"dict.popitem()",[42,12669,1418],{"id":1417},[20,12671,10835,12672,141],{},[15,12673,11410],{},[143,12675,12676,12680,12685,12688],{},[146,12677,1429,12678,1432],{},[15,12679,11410],{},[146,12681,1435,12682,12684],{},[15,12683,11410],{}," to return a new dictionary",[146,12686,12687],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[146,12689,12690],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12692,12693],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[47,12695,12697],{"className":49,"code":12696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12698,12699,12709,12723,12738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12700,12701,12703,12705,12707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12702,112],{"class":111},[56,12704,115],{"class":70},[56,12706,11537],{"class":101},[56,12708,238],{"class":70},[56,12710,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12712,112],{"class":111},[56,12714,115],{"class":70},[56,12716,1546],{"class":1545},[56,12718,115],{"class":70},[56,12720,11537],{"class":101},[56,12722,1553],{"class":70},[56,12724,12725,12727,12729,12732,12734,12736],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12726,112],{"class":111},[56,12728,115],{"class":70},[56,12730,12731],{"class":111},"id",[56,12733,115],{"class":70},[56,12735,11537],{"class":101},[56,12737,1553],{"class":70},[56,12739,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,12741,112],{"class":111},[56,12743,115],{"class":70},[56,12745,12202],{"class":101},[56,12747,12277],{"class":3965},[56,12749,11852],{"class":101},[56,12751,238],{"class":70},[20,12753,12754],{},"What these show:",[143,12756,12757,12763,12769,12775],{},[146,12758,12759,12762],{},[15,12760,12761],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[146,12764,12765,12768],{},[15,12766,12767],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[146,12770,12771,12774],{},[15,12772,12773],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[146,12776,12777,12780],{},[15,12778,12779],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[42,12782,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,12784,1892,12786,12788],{"id":12785},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12787,11410],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12790,12791],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1030,12793,5230,12795,12797],{"id":12794},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12796,11415],{}," return?",[20,12799,5236,12800,98],{},[15,12801,157],{},[1030,12803,5268,12805,4480,12807,1911],{"id":12804},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12806,11410],{},[15,12808,3881],{},[20,12810,12811,12813,12814,12816],{},[15,12812,11410],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12815,3881],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1030,12818,1892,12820,12822],{"id":12819},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12821,11410],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12824,12825],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[42,12827,1996],{"id":1995},[143,12829,12830,12834,12838,12845,12852,12858,12863],{},[146,12831,12832],{},[36,12833,9243],{"href":9242},[146,12835,12836],{},[36,12837,11331],{"href":9479},[146,12839,12840],{},[36,12841,10825,12842,1384],{"href":12650},[15,12843,12844],{},"pop()",[146,12846,12847],{},[36,12848,10825,12849,1384],{"href":12664},[15,12850,12851],{},"popitem()",[146,12853,12854],{},[36,12855,10825,12856,1384],{"href":12515},[15,12857,1991],{},[146,12859,12860],{},[36,12861,12862],{"href":12148},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[146,12864,12865],{},[36,12866,12867],{"href":12657},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2028,12869,12870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":12872},[12873,12874,12876,12877,12878,12882,12887,12888,12890,12891,12901],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":11494,"depth":92,"text":12875},"What clear() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":11788,"depth":92,"text":12879,"children":12880},"What clear() returns",[12881],{"id":11900,"depth":108,"text":11901},{"id":12078,"depth":92,"text":12883,"children":12884},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12885,12886],{"id":11471,"depth":108,"text":11410},{"id":11537,"depth":108,"text":12131},{"id":12152,"depth":92,"text":12153},{"id":12521,"depth":92,"text":12889},"When to use clear()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":12892},[12893,12895,12897,12899],{"id":12785,"depth":108,"text":12894},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12794,"depth":108,"text":12896},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12804,"depth":108,"text":12898},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12819,"depth":108,"text":12900},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11401,"description":12902},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12909,"title":12910,"body":12911,"description":15076,"extension":2062,"meta":15077,"navigation":600,"path":15078,"seo":15079,"stem":15080,"__hash__":15081},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12912,"toc":15048},[12913,12918,12923,12933,12935,13024,13028,13069,13074,13081,13099,13108,13110,13131,13133,13145,13147,13223,13227,13268,13270,13273,13401,13405,13485,13488,13506,13509,13513,13519,13521,13532,13534,13729,13733,13839,13842,13860,13863,13870,13875,13879,13893,13895,14022,14026,14106,14119,14125,14128,14136,14140,14266,14270,14344,14349,14480,14484,14558,14561,14575,14579,14583,14597,14599,14735,14739,14808,14810,14815,14837,14840,14947,14950,14961,14968,14970,14976,14979,14986,14989,14996,15004,15008,15011,15013,15045],[10,12914,11407,12916,18],{"id":12915},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12917,1991],{},[20,12919,12920,12922],{},[15,12921,12518],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12924,12925,12926,12928,12929,12932],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12927,1991],{}," makes a ",[540,12930,12931],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[42,12934,2104],{"id":2103},[47,12936,12938],{"className":49,"code":12937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12939,12940,12978,12995,12999,13010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12941,12942,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12943,12944],{"class":62},"student ",[56,12946,67],{"class":66},[56,12948,10579],{"class":70},[56,12950,181],{"class":180},[56,12952,7759],{"class":184},[56,12954,181],{"class":180},[56,12956,141],{"class":70},[56,12958,191],{"class":180},[56,12960,12961],{"class":184},"Ana",[56,12963,181],{"class":180},[56,12965,78],{"class":70},[56,12967,191],{"class":180},[56,12969,9387],{"class":184},[56,12971,181],{"class":180},[56,12973,141],{"class":70},[56,12975,449],{"class":74},[56,12977,9397],{"class":70},[56,12979,12980,12983,12985,12988,12990,12993],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,12981,12982],{"class":62},"student_copy ",[56,12984,67],{"class":66},[56,12986,12987],{"class":62}," student",[56,12989,98],{"class":70},[56,12991,12992],{"class":101},"copy",[56,12994,105],{"class":70},[56,12996,12997],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,12998,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13000,13001,13003,13005,13008],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13002,112],{"class":111},[56,13004,115],{"class":70},[56,13006,13007],{"class":101},"student_copy",[56,13009,238],{"class":70},[56,13011,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,13013,112],{"class":111},[56,13015,115],{"class":70},[56,13017,12982],{"class":101},[56,13019,12277],{"class":3965},[56,13021,12987],{"class":101},[56,13023,238],{"class":70},[20,13025,13026],{},[540,13027,241],{},[47,13029,13031],{"className":49,"code":13030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13032,13033,13065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13034,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13036,9366],{"class":70},[56,13038,254],{"class":180},[56,13040,7759],{"class":184},[56,13042,254],{"class":180},[56,13044,141],{"class":70},[56,13046,263],{"class":180},[56,13048,12961],{"class":184},[56,13050,254],{"class":180},[56,13052,78],{"class":70},[56,13054,263],{"class":180},[56,13056,9387],{"class":184},[56,13058,254],{"class":180},[56,13060,141],{"class":70},[56,13062,449],{"class":74},[56,13064,9397],{"class":70},[56,13066,13067],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13068,4129],{"class":893},[20,13070,650,13071,13073],{},[15,13072,1991],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[42,13075,13077,13078,13080],{"id":13076},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13079,1991],{}," method does",[143,13082,13083,13088,13091,13096],{},[146,13084,13085,13087],{},[15,13086,12518],{}," returns a new dictionary",[146,13089,13090],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[146,13092,13093,13094],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13095,1991],{},[146,13097,13098],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13100,13101,13102,2976,13105,98],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[36,13103,9243],{"href":13104},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[36,13106,9480],{"href":13107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[42,13109,289],{"id":288},[47,13111,13113],{"className":49,"code":13112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13114,13115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13116,13117,13120,13122,13125,13127,13129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13118,13119],{"class":62},"new_dict ",[56,13121,67],{"class":66},[56,13123,13124],{"class":62}," old_dict",[56,13126,98],{"class":70},[56,13128,12992],{"class":101},[56,13130,105],{"class":70},[20,13132,311],{},[143,13134,13135,13139,13142],{},[146,13136,13137,11553],{},[15,13138,1991],{},[146,13140,13141],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[146,13143,13144],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13146,163],{},[47,13148,13150],{"className":49,"code":13149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13151,13152,13192,13208,13212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13153,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13155,334],{"class":62},[56,13157,67],{"class":66},[56,13159,10579],{"class":70},[56,13161,181],{"class":180},[56,13163,36],{"class":184},[56,13165,181],{"class":180},[56,13167,141],{"class":70},[56,13169,191],{"class":180},[56,13171,343],{"class":184},[56,13173,181],{"class":180},[56,13175,78],{"class":70},[56,13177,191],{"class":180},[56,13179,194],{"class":184},[56,13181,181],{"class":180},[56,13183,141],{"class":70},[56,13185,191],{"class":180},[56,13187,361],{"class":184},[56,13189,181],{"class":180},[56,13191,9397],{"class":70},[56,13193,13194,13197,13199,13202,13204,13206],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13195,13196],{"class":62},"new_colors ",[56,13198,67],{"class":66},[56,13200,13201],{"class":62}," colors",[56,13203,98],{"class":70},[56,13205,12992],{"class":101},[56,13207,105],{"class":70},[56,13209,13210],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,13211,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13213,13214,13216,13218,13221],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13215,112],{"class":111},[56,13217,115],{"class":70},[56,13219,13220],{"class":101},"new_colors",[56,13222,238],{"class":70},[20,13224,13225],{},[540,13226,241],{},[47,13228,13230],{"className":49,"code":13229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13231,13232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13233,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13235,9366],{"class":70},[56,13237,254],{"class":180},[56,13239,36],{"class":184},[56,13241,254],{"class":180},[56,13243,141],{"class":70},[56,13245,263],{"class":180},[56,13247,343],{"class":184},[56,13249,254],{"class":180},[56,13251,78],{"class":70},[56,13253,263],{"class":180},[56,13255,194],{"class":184},[56,13257,254],{"class":180},[56,13259,141],{"class":70},[56,13261,263],{"class":180},[56,13263,361],{"class":184},[56,13265,254],{"class":180},[56,13267,9397],{"class":70},[42,13269,425],{"id":424},[20,13271,13272],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[47,13274,13276],{"className":49,"code":13275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13277,13278,13316,13332,13336,13358,13362,13381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13279,13280,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13281,13282],{"class":62},"person ",[56,13284,67],{"class":66},[56,13286,10579],{"class":70},[56,13288,181],{"class":180},[56,13290,7759],{"class":184},[56,13292,181],{"class":180},[56,13294,141],{"class":70},[56,13296,191],{"class":180},[56,13298,13299],{"class":184},"Liam",[56,13301,181],{"class":180},[56,13303,78],{"class":70},[56,13305,191],{"class":180},[56,13307,9387],{"class":184},[56,13309,181],{"class":180},[56,13311,141],{"class":70},[56,13313,9394],{"class":74},[56,13315,9397],{"class":70},[56,13317,13318,13321,13323,13326,13328,13330],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13319,13320],{"class":62},"person_copy ",[56,13322,67],{"class":66},[56,13324,13325],{"class":62}," person",[56,13327,98],{"class":70},[56,13329,12992],{"class":101},[56,13331,105],{"class":70},[56,13333,13334],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,13335,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13337,13338,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13352,13355],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13339,13340],{"class":62},"person_copy",[56,13342,251],{"class":70},[56,13344,181],{"class":180},[56,13346,9387],{"class":184},[56,13348,181],{"class":180},[56,13350,13351],{"class":70},"]",[56,13353,13354],{"class":66}," =",[56,13356,13357],{"class":74}," 26\n",[56,13359,13360],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,13361,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13363,13364,13366,13368,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,13365,112],{"class":111},[56,13367,115],{"class":70},[56,13369,181],{"class":180},[56,13371,13372],{"class":184},"Original:",[56,13374,181],{"class":180},[56,13376,78],{"class":70},[56,13378,13325],{"class":101},[56,13380,238],{"class":70},[56,13382,13383,13385,13387,13389,13392,13394,13396,13399],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,13384,112],{"class":111},[56,13386,115],{"class":70},[56,13388,181],{"class":180},[56,13390,13391],{"class":184},"Copy:",[56,13393,181],{"class":180},[56,13395,78],{"class":70},[56,13397,13398],{"class":101}," person_copy",[56,13400,238],{"class":70},[20,13402,13403],{},[540,13404,241],{},[47,13406,13408],{"className":49,"code":13407,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13409,13410,13447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13411,13412,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13413,13414],{"class":62},"Original",[56,13416,141],{"class":70},[56,13418,10579],{"class":70},[56,13420,254],{"class":180},[56,13422,7759],{"class":184},[56,13424,254],{"class":180},[56,13426,141],{"class":70},[56,13428,263],{"class":180},[56,13430,13299],{"class":184},[56,13432,254],{"class":180},[56,13434,78],{"class":70},[56,13436,263],{"class":180},[56,13438,9387],{"class":184},[56,13440,254],{"class":180},[56,13442,141],{"class":70},[56,13444,9394],{"class":74},[56,13446,9397],{"class":70},[56,13448,13449,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13483],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13450,13451],{"class":62},"Copy",[56,13453,141],{"class":70},[56,13455,10579],{"class":70},[56,13457,254],{"class":180},[56,13459,7759],{"class":184},[56,13461,254],{"class":180},[56,13463,141],{"class":70},[56,13465,263],{"class":180},[56,13467,13299],{"class":184},[56,13469,254],{"class":180},[56,13471,78],{"class":70},[56,13473,263],{"class":180},[56,13475,9387],{"class":184},[56,13477,254],{"class":180},[56,13479,141],{"class":70},[56,13481,13482],{"class":74}," 26",[56,13484,9397],{"class":70},[20,13486,13487],{},"What happened here:",[143,13489,13490,13496,13503],{},[146,13491,13492,13495],{},[15,13493,13494],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[146,13497,13498,13499,13502],{},"Changing ",[15,13500,13501],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[146,13504,13505],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13507,13508],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[42,13510,13512],{"id":13511},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13514,13515,12928,13517,98],{},[15,13516,1991],{},[540,13518,12931],{},[20,13520,2205],{},[143,13522,13523,13526,13529],{},[146,13524,13525],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[146,13527,13528],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[146,13530,13531],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13533,163],{},[47,13535,13537],{"className":49,"code":13536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13538,13539,13547,13565,13588,13592,13596,13610,13614,13639,13643,13661,13680,13695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13540,13541,13543,13545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13542,12944],{"class":62},[56,13544,67],{"class":66},[56,13546,11579],{"class":70},[56,13548,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13550,11584],{"class":180},[56,13552,7759],{"class":184},[56,13554,181],{"class":180},[56,13556,141],{"class":70},[56,13558,191],{"class":180},[56,13560,12961],{"class":184},[56,13562,181],{"class":180},[56,13564,11600],{"class":70},[56,13566,13567,13569,13572,13574,13576,13578,13581,13583,13586],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,13568,11584],{"class":180},[56,13570,13571],{"class":184},"grades",[56,13573,181],{"class":180},[56,13575,141],{"class":70},[56,13577,71],{"class":70},[56,13579,13580],{"class":74},"90",[56,13582,78],{"class":70},[56,13584,13585],{"class":74}," 85",[56,13587,89],{"class":70},[56,13589,13590],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13591,9397],{"class":70},[56,13593,13594],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,13595,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13597,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,13599,12982],{"class":62},[56,13601,67],{"class":66},[56,13603,12987],{"class":62},[56,13605,98],{"class":70},[56,13607,12992],{"class":101},[56,13609,105],{"class":70},[56,13611,13612],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,13613,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13615,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13629,13632,13634,13637],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,13617,13007],{"class":62},[56,13619,251],{"class":70},[56,13621,181],{"class":180},[56,13623,13571],{"class":184},[56,13625,181],{"class":180},[56,13627,13628],{"class":70},"].",[56,13630,13631],{"class":101},"append",[56,13633,115],{"class":70},[56,13635,13636],{"class":74},"100",[56,13638,238],{"class":70},[56,13640,13641],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,13642,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13644,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,13646,112],{"class":111},[56,13648,115],{"class":70},[56,13650,181],{"class":180},[56,13652,13372],{"class":184},[56,13654,181],{"class":180},[56,13656,78],{"class":70},[56,13658,12987],{"class":101},[56,13660,238],{"class":70},[56,13662,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13678],{"class":58,"line":11681},[56,13664,112],{"class":111},[56,13666,115],{"class":70},[56,13668,181],{"class":180},[56,13670,13391],{"class":184},[56,13672,181],{"class":180},[56,13674,78],{"class":70},[56,13676,13677],{"class":101}," student_copy",[56,13679,238],{"class":70},[56,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693],{"class":58,"line":13682},12,[56,13684,112],{"class":111},[56,13686,115],{"class":70},[56,13688,12944],{"class":101},[56,13690,12277],{"class":3965},[56,13692,13677],{"class":101},[56,13694,238],{"class":70},[56,13696,13698,13700,13702,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727],{"class":58,"line":13697},13,[56,13699,112],{"class":111},[56,13701,115],{"class":70},[56,13703,13704],{"class":101},"student",[56,13706,251],{"class":70},[56,13708,181],{"class":180},[56,13710,13571],{"class":184},[56,13712,181],{"class":180},[56,13714,13351],{"class":70},[56,13716,8187],{"class":3965},[56,13718,13677],{"class":101},[56,13720,251],{"class":70},[56,13722,181],{"class":180},[56,13724,13571],{"class":184},[56,13726,181],{"class":180},[56,13728,1607],{"class":70},[20,13730,13731],{},[540,13732,241],{},[47,13734,13736],{"className":49,"code":13735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13737,13738,13785,13831,13835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13739,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13741,13414],{"class":62},[56,13743,141],{"class":70},[56,13745,10579],{"class":70},[56,13747,254],{"class":180},[56,13749,7759],{"class":184},[56,13751,254],{"class":180},[56,13753,141],{"class":70},[56,13755,263],{"class":180},[56,13757,12961],{"class":184},[56,13759,254],{"class":180},[56,13761,78],{"class":70},[56,13763,263],{"class":180},[56,13765,13571],{"class":184},[56,13767,254],{"class":180},[56,13769,141],{"class":70},[56,13771,71],{"class":70},[56,13773,13580],{"class":74},[56,13775,78],{"class":70},[56,13777,13585],{"class":74},[56,13779,78],{"class":70},[56,13781,10206],{"class":74},[56,13783,13784],{"class":70},"]}\n",[56,13786,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13788,13451],{"class":62},[56,13790,141],{"class":70},[56,13792,10579],{"class":70},[56,13794,254],{"class":180},[56,13796,7759],{"class":184},[56,13798,254],{"class":180},[56,13800,141],{"class":70},[56,13802,263],{"class":180},[56,13804,12961],{"class":184},[56,13806,254],{"class":180},[56,13808,78],{"class":70},[56,13810,263],{"class":180},[56,13812,13571],{"class":184},[56,13814,254],{"class":180},[56,13816,141],{"class":70},[56,13818,71],{"class":70},[56,13820,13580],{"class":74},[56,13822,78],{"class":70},[56,13824,13585],{"class":74},[56,13826,78],{"class":70},[56,13828,10206],{"class":74},[56,13830,13784],{"class":70},[56,13832,13833],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,13834,4129],{"class":893},[56,13836,13837],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13838,4068],{"class":893},[20,13840,13841],{},"Notice the difference:",[143,13843,13844,13852],{},[146,13845,13846,4871,13849,13851],{},[15,13847,13848],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13850,3764],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[146,13853,13854,4871,13857,13859],{},[15,13855,13856],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13858,3698],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13861,13862],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13864,13865,13866,98],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[36,13867,13869],{"href":13868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[42,13871,1389,13873],{"id":13872},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13874,1991],{},[20,13876,650,13877,10689],{},[15,13878,1991],{},[143,13880,13881,13884,13887,13890],{},[146,13882,13883],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[146,13885,13886],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[146,13888,13889],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[146,13891,13892],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13894,163],{},[47,13896,13898],{"className":49,"code":13897,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13899,13900,13939,13955,13959,13979,13983,14002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13901,13902,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13930,13932,13934,13937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13903,13904],{"class":62},"settings ",[56,13906,67],{"class":66},[56,13908,10579],{"class":70},[56,13910,181],{"class":180},[56,13912,12578],{"class":184},[56,13914,181],{"class":180},[56,13916,141],{"class":70},[56,13918,191],{"class":180},[56,13920,12587],{"class":184},[56,13922,181],{"class":180},[56,13924,78],{"class":70},[56,13926,191],{"class":180},[56,13928,13929],{"class":184},"font_size",[56,13931,181],{"class":180},[56,13933,141],{"class":70},[56,13935,13936],{"class":74}," 14",[56,13938,9397],{"class":70},[56,13940,13941,13944,13946,13949,13951,13953],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,13942,13943],{"class":62},"settings_backup ",[56,13945,67],{"class":66},[56,13947,13948],{"class":62}," settings",[56,13950,98],{"class":70},[56,13952,12992],{"class":101},[56,13954,105],{"class":70},[56,13956,13957],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,13958,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13960,13961,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,13962,13963],{"class":62},"settings",[56,13965,251],{"class":70},[56,13967,181],{"class":180},[56,13969,13929],{"class":184},[56,13971,181],{"class":180},[56,13973,13351],{"class":70},[56,13975,13354],{"class":66},[56,13977,13978],{"class":74}," 16\n",[56,13980,13981],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,13982,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,13984,13985,13987,13989,13991,13994,13996,13998,14000],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,13986,112],{"class":111},[56,13988,115],{"class":70},[56,13990,181],{"class":180},[56,13992,13993],{"class":184},"Current:",[56,13995,181],{"class":180},[56,13997,78],{"class":70},[56,13999,13948],{"class":101},[56,14001,238],{"class":70},[56,14003,14004,14006,14008,14010,14013,14015,14017,14020],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,14005,112],{"class":111},[56,14007,115],{"class":70},[56,14009,181],{"class":180},[56,14011,14012],{"class":184},"Backup:",[56,14014,181],{"class":180},[56,14016,78],{"class":70},[56,14018,14019],{"class":101}," settings_backup",[56,14021,238],{"class":70},[20,14023,14024],{},[540,14025,241],{},[47,14027,14029],{"className":49,"code":14028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14030,14031,14069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14032,14033,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14034,14035],{"class":62},"Current",[56,14037,141],{"class":70},[56,14039,10579],{"class":70},[56,14041,254],{"class":180},[56,14043,12578],{"class":184},[56,14045,254],{"class":180},[56,14047,141],{"class":70},[56,14049,263],{"class":180},[56,14051,12587],{"class":184},[56,14053,254],{"class":180},[56,14055,78],{"class":70},[56,14057,263],{"class":180},[56,14059,13929],{"class":184},[56,14061,254],{"class":180},[56,14063,141],{"class":70},[56,14065,14066],{"class":74}," 16",[56,14068,9397],{"class":70},[56,14070,14071,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14072,14073],{"class":62},"Backup",[56,14075,141],{"class":70},[56,14077,10579],{"class":70},[56,14079,254],{"class":180},[56,14081,12578],{"class":184},[56,14083,254],{"class":180},[56,14085,141],{"class":70},[56,14087,263],{"class":180},[56,14089,12587],{"class":184},[56,14091,254],{"class":180},[56,14093,78],{"class":70},[56,14095,263],{"class":180},[56,14097,13929],{"class":184},[56,14099,254],{"class":180},[56,14101,141],{"class":70},[56,14103,13936],{"class":74},[56,14105,9397],{"class":70},[20,14107,14108,14109,2976,14115,98],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[36,14110,14112],{"href":14111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14113,14114],{},"dict.update()",[36,14116,14117],{"href":12904},[15,14118,11415],{},[42,14120,14122,14124],{"id":14121},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14123,1991],{}," vs assignment",[20,14126,14127],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14129,1441,14130,14132,14133,14135],{},[15,14131,67],{}," does ",[540,14134,931],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1030,14137,14139],{"id":14138},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[47,14141,14143],{"className":49,"code":14142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14144,14145,14177,14186,14190,14210,14214,14232,14252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14146,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14148,12169],{"class":62},[56,14150,67],{"class":66},[56,14152,10579],{"class":70},[56,14154,181],{"class":180},[56,14156,2271],{"class":184},[56,14158,181],{"class":180},[56,14160,141],{"class":70},[56,14162,910],{"class":74},[56,14164,78],{"class":70},[56,14166,191],{"class":180},[56,14168,11831],{"class":184},[56,14170,181],{"class":180},[56,14172,141],{"class":70},[56,14174,81],{"class":74},[56,14176,9397],{"class":70},[56,14178,14179,14182,14184],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14180,14181],{"class":62},"assigned ",[56,14183,67],{"class":66},[56,14185,12207],{"class":62},[56,14187,14188],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14189,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14191,14192,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,14193,14194],{"class":62},"assigned",[56,14196,251],{"class":70},[56,14198,181],{"class":180},[56,14200,2271],{"class":184},[56,14202,181],{"class":180},[56,14204,13351],{"class":70},[56,14206,13354],{"class":66},[56,14208,14209],{"class":74}," 99\n",[56,14211,14212],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,14213,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14215,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,14217,112],{"class":111},[56,14219,115],{"class":70},[56,14221,181],{"class":180},[56,14223,13372],{"class":184},[56,14225,181],{"class":180},[56,14227,78],{"class":70},[56,14229,12244],{"class":101},[56,14231,238],{"class":70},[56,14233,14234,14236,14238,14240,14243,14245,14247,14250],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,14235,112],{"class":111},[56,14237,115],{"class":70},[56,14239,181],{"class":180},[56,14241,14242],{"class":184},"Assigned:",[56,14244,181],{"class":180},[56,14246,78],{"class":70},[56,14248,14249],{"class":101}," assigned",[56,14251,238],{"class":70},[56,14253,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,14255,112],{"class":111},[56,14257,115],{"class":70},[56,14259,12169],{"class":101},[56,14261,12277],{"class":3965},[56,14263,14249],{"class":101},[56,14265,238],{"class":70},[20,14267,14268],{},[540,14269,241],{},[47,14271,14273],{"className":49,"code":14272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14274,14275,14307,14340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14276,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14278,13414],{"class":62},[56,14280,141],{"class":70},[56,14282,10579],{"class":70},[56,14284,254],{"class":180},[56,14286,2271],{"class":184},[56,14288,254],{"class":180},[56,14290,141],{"class":70},[56,14292,10285],{"class":74},[56,14294,78],{"class":70},[56,14296,263],{"class":180},[56,14298,11831],{"class":184},[56,14300,254],{"class":180},[56,14302,141],{"class":70},[56,14304,81],{"class":74},[56,14306,9397],{"class":70},[56,14308,14309,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14310,14311],{"class":62},"Assigned",[56,14313,141],{"class":70},[56,14315,10579],{"class":70},[56,14317,254],{"class":180},[56,14319,2271],{"class":184},[56,14321,254],{"class":180},[56,14323,141],{"class":70},[56,14325,10285],{"class":74},[56,14327,78],{"class":70},[56,14329,263],{"class":180},[56,14331,11831],{"class":184},[56,14333,254],{"class":180},[56,14335,141],{"class":70},[56,14337,81],{"class":74},[56,14339,9397],{"class":70},[56,14341,14342],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14343,4068],{"class":893},[1030,14345,1441,14347],{"id":14346},"using-copy",[15,14348,1991],{},[47,14350,14352],{"className":49,"code":14351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14353,14354,14386,14401,14405,14424,14428,14446,14466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14355,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14357,12169],{"class":62},[56,14359,67],{"class":66},[56,14361,10579],{"class":70},[56,14363,181],{"class":180},[56,14365,2271],{"class":184},[56,14367,181],{"class":180},[56,14369,141],{"class":70},[56,14371,910],{"class":74},[56,14373,78],{"class":70},[56,14375,191],{"class":180},[56,14377,11831],{"class":184},[56,14379,181],{"class":180},[56,14381,141],{"class":70},[56,14383,81],{"class":74},[56,14385,9397],{"class":70},[56,14387,14388,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14389,14390],{"class":62},"copied ",[56,14392,67],{"class":66},[56,14394,12244],{"class":62},[56,14396,98],{"class":70},[56,14398,12992],{"class":101},[56,14400,105],{"class":70},[56,14402,14403],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14404,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14406,14407,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,14408,14409],{"class":62},"copied",[56,14411,251],{"class":70},[56,14413,181],{"class":180},[56,14415,2271],{"class":184},[56,14417,181],{"class":180},[56,14419,13351],{"class":70},[56,14421,13354],{"class":66},[56,14423,14209],{"class":74},[56,14425,14426],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,14427,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14429,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,14431,112],{"class":111},[56,14433,115],{"class":70},[56,14435,181],{"class":180},[56,14437,13372],{"class":184},[56,14439,181],{"class":180},[56,14441,78],{"class":70},[56,14443,12244],{"class":101},[56,14445,238],{"class":70},[56,14447,14448,14450,14452,14454,14457,14459,14461,14464],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,14449,112],{"class":111},[56,14451,115],{"class":70},[56,14453,181],{"class":180},[56,14455,14456],{"class":184},"Copied:",[56,14458,181],{"class":180},[56,14460,78],{"class":70},[56,14462,14463],{"class":101}," copied",[56,14465,238],{"class":70},[56,14467,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,14469,112],{"class":111},[56,14471,115],{"class":70},[56,14473,12169],{"class":101},[56,14475,12277],{"class":3965},[56,14477,14463],{"class":101},[56,14479,238],{"class":70},[20,14481,14482],{},[540,14483,241],{},[47,14485,14487],{"className":49,"code":14486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14488,14489,14521,14554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14490,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14492,13414],{"class":62},[56,14494,141],{"class":70},[56,14496,10579],{"class":70},[56,14498,254],{"class":180},[56,14500,2271],{"class":184},[56,14502,254],{"class":180},[56,14504,141],{"class":70},[56,14506,910],{"class":74},[56,14508,78],{"class":70},[56,14510,263],{"class":180},[56,14512,11831],{"class":184},[56,14514,254],{"class":180},[56,14516,141],{"class":70},[56,14518,81],{"class":74},[56,14520,9397],{"class":70},[56,14522,14523,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14524,14525],{"class":62},"Copied",[56,14527,141],{"class":70},[56,14529,10579],{"class":70},[56,14531,254],{"class":180},[56,14533,2271],{"class":184},[56,14535,254],{"class":180},[56,14537,141],{"class":70},[56,14539,10285],{"class":74},[56,14541,78],{"class":70},[56,14543,263],{"class":180},[56,14545,11831],{"class":184},[56,14547,254],{"class":180},[56,14549,141],{"class":70},[56,14551,81],{"class":74},[56,14553,9397],{"class":70},[56,14555,14556],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14557,4129],{"class":893},[20,14559,14560],{},"Summary:",[143,14562,14563,14569],{},[146,14564,14565,14568],{},[15,14566,14567],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[146,14570,14571,14574],{},[15,14572,14573],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[42,14576,14578],{"id":14577},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14580,14581,141],{},[15,14582,1991],{},[143,14584,14585,14588,14591,14594],{},[146,14586,14587],{},"Returns a dictionary",[146,14589,14590],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[146,14592,14593],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[146,14595,14596],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14598,163],{},[47,14600,14602],{"className":49,"code":14601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14603,14604,14636,14652,14656,14674,14694,14698,14716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14605,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14607,9253],{"class":62},[56,14609,67],{"class":66},[56,14611,10579],{"class":70},[56,14613,181],{"class":180},[56,14615,36],{"class":184},[56,14617,181],{"class":180},[56,14619,141],{"class":70},[56,14621,910],{"class":74},[56,14623,78],{"class":70},[56,14625,191],{"class":180},[56,14627,194],{"class":184},[56,14629,181],{"class":180},[56,14631,141],{"class":70},[56,14633,81],{"class":74},[56,14635,9397],{"class":70},[56,14637,14638,14641,14643,14646,14648,14650],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14639,14640],{"class":62},"data_copy ",[56,14642,67],{"class":66},[56,14644,14645],{"class":62}," data",[56,14647,98],{"class":70},[56,14649,12992],{"class":101},[56,14651,105],{"class":70},[56,14653,14654],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14655,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14657,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,14659,9292],{"class":62},[56,14661,251],{"class":70},[56,14663,181],{"class":180},[56,14665,36],{"class":184},[56,14667,181],{"class":180},[56,14669,13351],{"class":70},[56,14671,13354],{"class":66},[56,14673,2685],{"class":74},[56,14675,14676,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,14677,14678],{"class":62},"data_copy",[56,14680,251],{"class":70},[56,14682,181],{"class":180},[56,14684,194],{"class":184},[56,14686,181],{"class":180},[56,14688,13351],{"class":70},[56,14690,13354],{"class":66},[56,14692,14693],{"class":74}," 20\n",[56,14695,14696],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,14697,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,14699,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,14701,112],{"class":111},[56,14703,115],{"class":70},[56,14705,181],{"class":180},[56,14707,13372],{"class":184},[56,14709,181],{"class":180},[56,14711,78],{"class":70},[56,14713,14645],{"class":101},[56,14715,238],{"class":70},[56,14717,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14733],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,14719,112],{"class":111},[56,14721,115],{"class":70},[56,14723,181],{"class":180},[56,14725,13391],{"class":184},[56,14727,181],{"class":180},[56,14729,78],{"class":70},[56,14731,14732],{"class":101}," data_copy",[56,14734,238],{"class":70},[20,14736,14737],{},[540,14738,241],{},[47,14740,14742],{"className":49,"code":14741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14743,14744,14776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14747,13414],{"class":62},[56,14749,141],{"class":70},[56,14751,10579],{"class":70},[56,14753,254],{"class":180},[56,14755,36],{"class":184},[56,14757,254],{"class":180},[56,14759,141],{"class":70},[56,14761,508],{"class":74},[56,14763,78],{"class":70},[56,14765,263],{"class":180},[56,14767,194],{"class":184},[56,14769,254],{"class":180},[56,14771,141],{"class":70},[56,14773,81],{"class":74},[56,14775,9397],{"class":70},[56,14777,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14779,13451],{"class":62},[56,14781,141],{"class":70},[56,14783,10579],{"class":70},[56,14785,254],{"class":180},[56,14787,36],{"class":184},[56,14789,254],{"class":180},[56,14791,141],{"class":70},[56,14793,910],{"class":74},[56,14795,78],{"class":70},[56,14797,263],{"class":180},[56,14799,194],{"class":184},[56,14801,254],{"class":180},[56,14803,141],{"class":70},[56,14805,449],{"class":74},[56,14807,9397],{"class":70},[42,14809,1418],{"id":1417},[20,14811,14812,14813,141],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14814,12518],{},[143,14816,14817,14824,14829,14834],{},[146,14818,1441,14819,11180,14821,14823],{},[15,14820,67],{},[15,14822,1991],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[146,14825,4667,14826,14828],{},[15,14827,1991],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[146,14830,14831,14832],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14833,1991],{},[146,14835,14836],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14838,14839],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[47,14841,14843],{"className":49,"code":14842,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14844,14845,14855,14865,14879,14902,14925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14846,14847,14849,14851,14853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14848,112],{"class":111},[56,14850,115],{"class":70},[56,14852,12216],{"class":101},[56,14854,238],{"class":70},[56,14856,14857,14859,14861,14863],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,14858,112],{"class":111},[56,14860,115],{"class":70},[56,14862,14409],{"class":101},[56,14864,238],{"class":70},[56,14866,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,14868,112],{"class":111},[56,14870,115],{"class":70},[56,14872,12169],{"class":101},[56,14874,12277],{"class":3965},[56,14876,14463],{"class":101},[56,14878,238],{"class":70},[56,14880,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14896,14898,14900],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,14882,112],{"class":111},[56,14884,115],{"class":70},[56,14886,12731],{"class":111},[56,14888,115],{"class":70},[56,14890,12216],{"class":101},[56,14892,9321],{"class":70},[56,14894,14895],{"class":111}," id",[56,14897,115],{"class":70},[56,14899,14409],{"class":101},[56,14901,1553],{"class":70},[56,14903,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14921,14923],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,14905,112],{"class":111},[56,14907,115],{"class":70},[56,14909,12731],{"class":111},[56,14911,115],{"class":70},[56,14913,12216],{"class":101},[56,14915,251],{"class":70},[56,14917,181],{"class":180},[56,14919,14920],{"class":184},"key",[56,14922,181],{"class":180},[56,14924,3097],{"class":70},[56,14926,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,14928,112],{"class":111},[56,14930,115],{"class":70},[56,14932,12731],{"class":111},[56,14934,115],{"class":70},[56,14936,14409],{"class":101},[56,14938,251],{"class":70},[56,14940,181],{"class":180},[56,14942,14920],{"class":184},[56,14944,181],{"class":180},[56,14946,3097],{"class":70},[20,14948,14949],{},"What these help you check:",[143,14951,14952,14955,14958],{},[146,14953,14954],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[146,14956,14957],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[146,14959,14960],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14962,14963,14964,98],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[36,14965,14967],{"href":14966},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[42,14969,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,14971,1892,14973,14975],{"id":14972},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14974,12518],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14977,14978],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1030,14980,14982,14983,14985],{"id":14981},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14984,12518],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14987,14988],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1030,14990,5268,14992,4480,14994,1911],{"id":14991},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14993,1991],{},[15,14995,67],{},[20,14997,14998,15000,15001,15003],{},[15,14999,1991],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15002,67],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1030,15005,15007],{"id":15006},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15009,15010],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[42,15012,1996],{"id":1995},[143,15014,15015,15019,15023,15027,15034,15040],{},[146,15016,15017],{},[36,15018,11331],{"href":13107},[146,15020,15021],{},[36,15022,9243],{"href":13104},[146,15024,15025],{},[36,15026,13869],{"href":13868},[146,15028,15029],{},[36,15030,10825,15031,1384],{"href":14111},[15,15032,15033],{},"update()",[146,15035,15036],{},[36,15037,10825,15038,1384],{"href":12904},[15,15039,11410],{},[146,15041,15042],{},[36,15043,15044],{"href":14966},"How to copy a list in Python",[2028,15046,15047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":15049},[15050,15051,15053,15054,15055,15056,15058,15064,15065,15066,15075],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":13076,"depth":92,"text":15052},"What the copy() method does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":13511,"depth":92,"text":13512},{"id":13872,"depth":92,"text":15057},"When to use copy()",{"id":14121,"depth":92,"text":15059,"children":15060},"copy() vs assignment",[15061,15062],{"id":14138,"depth":108,"text":14139},{"id":14346,"depth":108,"text":15063},"Using copy()",{"id":14577,"depth":92,"text":14578},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":15067},[15068,15070,15072,15074],{"id":14972,"depth":108,"text":15069},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14981,"depth":108,"text":15071},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14991,"depth":108,"text":15073},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15006,"depth":108,"text":15007},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12910,"description":15076},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15083,"title":15084,"body":15085,"description":17284,"extension":2062,"meta":17285,"navigation":600,"path":13107,"seo":17286,"stem":17287,"__hash__":17288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15086,"toc":17246},[15087,15090,15096,15105,15107,15183,15187,15236,15239,15243,15257,15260,15264,15277,15280,15313,15327,15330,15342,15346,15349,15357,15437,15441,15494,15498,15516,15518,15600,15603,15605,15608,15611,15634,15658,15662,15670,15673,15677,15686,15691,15749,15753,15786,15792,15798,15801,15856,15860,15910,15913,15919,15922,15930,15932,15977,15982,15991,15994,15997,16044,16046,16051,16054,16148,16152,16205,16208,16264,16267,16271,16274,16288,16292,16358,16362,16387,16390,16394,16472,16476,16479,16482,16502,16505,16558,16562,16565,16568,16581,16583,16672,16679,16682,16693,16695,16698,16718,16722,16725,16734,16737,16776,16780,16782,16791,16800,16802,16840,16844,16891,16895,16916,16920,16923,17035,17040,17138,17160,17162,17166,17173,17177,17183,17187,17190,17194,17197,17204,17212,17214,17240,17243],[10,15088,15084],{"id":15089},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15091,15092,15093,15095],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[540,15094,9219],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15097,15098,15099,2976,15101,98],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[36,15100,9243],{"href":9242},[36,15102,15104],{"href":15103},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[42,15106,2104],{"id":2103},[47,15108,15110],{"className":49,"code":15109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15111,15112,15120,15138,15152,15165,15169,15173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15113,15114,15116,15118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15115,12944],{"class":62},[56,15117,67],{"class":66},[56,15119,11579],{"class":70},[56,15121,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15123,11584],{"class":180},[56,15125,7759],{"class":184},[56,15127,181],{"class":180},[56,15129,141],{"class":70},[56,15131,191],{"class":180},[56,15133,12961],{"class":184},[56,15135,181],{"class":180},[56,15137,11600],{"class":70},[56,15139,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,15141,11584],{"class":180},[56,15143,9387],{"class":184},[56,15145,181],{"class":180},[56,15147,141],{"class":70},[56,15149,449],{"class":74},[56,15151,11600],{"class":70},[56,15153,15154,15156,15159,15161,15163],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,15155,11584],{"class":180},[56,15157,15158],{"class":184},"is_active",[56,15160,181],{"class":180},[56,15162,141],{"class":70},[56,15164,6513],{"class":893},[56,15166,15167],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,15168,9397],{"class":70},[56,15170,15171],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,15172,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,15174,15175,15177,15179,15181],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,15176,112],{"class":111},[56,15178,115],{"class":70},[56,15180,13704],{"class":101},[56,15182,238],{"class":70},[20,15184,15185],{},[540,15186,241],{},[47,15188,15190],{"className":49,"code":15189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15191,15192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15193,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15195,9366],{"class":70},[56,15197,254],{"class":180},[56,15199,7759],{"class":184},[56,15201,254],{"class":180},[56,15203,141],{"class":70},[56,15205,263],{"class":180},[56,15207,12961],{"class":184},[56,15209,254],{"class":180},[56,15211,78],{"class":70},[56,15213,263],{"class":180},[56,15215,9387],{"class":184},[56,15217,254],{"class":180},[56,15219,141],{"class":70},[56,15221,449],{"class":74},[56,15223,78],{"class":70},[56,15225,263],{"class":180},[56,15227,15158],{"class":184},[56,15229,254],{"class":180},[56,15231,141],{"class":70},[56,15233,4004],{"class":893},[56,15235,9397],{"class":70},[20,15237,15238],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[42,15240,15242],{"id":15241},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[143,15244,15245,15248,15251,15254],{},[146,15246,15247],{},"What a dictionary is",[146,15249,15250],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[146,15252,15253],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[146,15255,15256],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[42,15258,15247],{"id":15259},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15261,9216,15262,98],{},[540,15263,9219],{},[143,15265,15266,15272],{},[146,15267,15268,15269,15271],{},"A ",[540,15270,14920],{}," is the label",[146,15273,15268,15274,15276],{},[540,15275,2570],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15278,15279],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[47,15281,15283],{"className":49,"code":15282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15284,15285,15293,15309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15286,15287,15289,15291],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15288,12944],{"class":62},[56,15290,67],{"class":66},[56,15292,11579],{"class":70},[56,15294,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15296,11584],{"class":180},[56,15298,7759],{"class":184},[56,15300,181],{"class":180},[56,15302,141],{"class":70},[56,15304,191],{"class":180},[56,15306,12961],{"class":184},[56,15308,1476],{"class":180},[56,15310,15311],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,15312,9397],{"class":70},[143,15314,15315,15321],{},[146,15316,15317,15320],{},[15,15318,15319],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[146,15322,15323,15326],{},[15,15324,15325],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15328,15329],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[143,15331,15332,15334,15336,15339],{},[146,15333,7759],{},[146,15335,9387],{},[146,15337,15338],{},"email",[146,15340,15341],{},"country",[42,15343,15345],{"id":15344},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15347,15348],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15350,650,15351,15353,15354,98],{},[15,15352,3881],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15355,15356],{},"key: value",[47,15358,15360],{"className":49,"code":15359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15361,15362,15370,15388,15402,15419,15423,15427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15363,15364,15366,15368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15365,12944],{"class":62},[56,15367,67],{"class":66},[56,15369,11579],{"class":70},[56,15371,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15373,11584],{"class":180},[56,15375,7759],{"class":184},[56,15377,181],{"class":180},[56,15379,141],{"class":70},[56,15381,191],{"class":180},[56,15383,12961],{"class":184},[56,15385,181],{"class":180},[56,15387,11600],{"class":70},[56,15389,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,15391,11584],{"class":180},[56,15393,9387],{"class":184},[56,15395,181],{"class":180},[56,15397,141],{"class":70},[56,15399,449],{"class":74},[56,15401,11600],{"class":70},[56,15403,15404,15406,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,15405,11584],{"class":180},[56,15407,15408],{"class":184},"course",[56,15410,181],{"class":180},[56,15412,141],{"class":70},[56,15414,191],{"class":180},[56,15416,7387],{"class":184},[56,15418,1476],{"class":180},[56,15420,15421],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,15422,9397],{"class":70},[56,15424,15425],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,15426,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,15428,15429,15431,15433,15435],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,15430,112],{"class":111},[56,15432,115],{"class":70},[56,15434,13704],{"class":101},[56,15436,238],{"class":70},[20,15438,15439],{},[540,15440,241],{},[47,15442,15444],{"className":49,"code":15443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15445,15446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15447,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15449,9366],{"class":70},[56,15451,254],{"class":180},[56,15453,7759],{"class":184},[56,15455,254],{"class":180},[56,15457,141],{"class":70},[56,15459,263],{"class":180},[56,15461,12961],{"class":184},[56,15463,254],{"class":180},[56,15465,78],{"class":70},[56,15467,263],{"class":180},[56,15469,9387],{"class":184},[56,15471,254],{"class":180},[56,15473,141],{"class":70},[56,15475,449],{"class":74},[56,15477,78],{"class":70},[56,15479,263],{"class":180},[56,15481,15408],{"class":184},[56,15483,254],{"class":180},[56,15485,141],{"class":70},[56,15487,263],{"class":180},[56,15489,7387],{"class":184},[56,15491,254],{"class":180},[56,15493,9397],{"class":70},[1030,15495,15497],{"id":15496},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[143,15499,15500,15505,15510,15513],{},[146,15501,650,15502,15504],{},[15,15503,3881],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[146,15506,15507,15508],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15509,15356],{},[146,15511,15512],{},"Separate items with commas",[146,15514,15515],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15517,163],{},[47,15519,15521],{"className":49,"code":15520,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15522,15523,15532,15552,15568,15581,15585,15589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15524,15525,15528,15530],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15526,15527],{"class":62},"book ",[56,15529,67],{"class":66},[56,15531,11579],{"class":70},[56,15533,15534,15536,15539,15541,15543,15545,15548,15550],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15535,11584],{"class":180},[56,15537,15538],{"class":184},"title",[56,15540,181],{"class":180},[56,15542,141],{"class":70},[56,15544,191],{"class":180},[56,15546,15547],{"class":184},"Python Basics",[56,15549,181],{"class":180},[56,15551,11600],{"class":70},[56,15553,15554,15556,15559,15561,15563,15566],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,15555,11584],{"class":180},[56,15557,15558],{"class":184},"pages",[56,15560,181],{"class":180},[56,15562,141],{"class":70},[56,15564,15565],{"class":74}," 150",[56,15567,11600],{"class":70},[56,15569,15570,15572,15575,15577,15579],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,15571,11584],{"class":180},[56,15573,15574],{"class":184},"available",[56,15576,181],{"class":180},[56,15578,141],{"class":70},[56,15580,6513],{"class":893},[56,15582,15583],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,15584,9397],{"class":70},[56,15586,15587],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,15588,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,15590,15591,15593,15595,15598],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,15592,112],{"class":111},[56,15594,115],{"class":70},[56,15596,15597],{"class":101},"book",[56,15599,238],{"class":70},[20,15601,15602],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[42,15604,9491],{"id":9490},[20,15606,15607],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15609,15610],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[47,15612,15614],{"className":49,"code":15613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15615,15616,15624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15617,15618,15620,15622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15619,9253],{"class":62},[56,15621,67],{"class":66},[56,15623,9926],{"class":70},[56,15625,15626,15628,15630,15632],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15627,112],{"class":111},[56,15629,115],{"class":70},[56,15631,9292],{"class":101},[56,15633,238],{"class":70},[47,15635,15636],{"className":49,"code":9494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,15637,15638,15648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15639,15640,15642,15644,15646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15641,9253],{"class":62},[56,15643,67],{"class":66},[56,15645,9258],{"class":1545},[56,15647,105],{"class":70},[56,15649,15650,15652,15654,15656],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15651,112],{"class":111},[56,15653,115],{"class":70},[56,15655,9292],{"class":101},[56,15657,238],{"class":70},[20,15659,15660],{},[540,15661,241],{},[47,15663,15664],{"className":49,"code":9523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,15665,15666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15667,15668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15669,9523],{"class":70},[20,15671,15672],{},"Both are correct.",[1030,15674,15676],{"id":15675},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15678,15679,15681,15682,15685],{},[15,15680,3881],{}," creates an empty ",[540,15683,15684],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15687,15688,15689,98],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15690,3886],{},[47,15692,15694],{"className":49,"code":15693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15695,15696,15704,15716,15720,15734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15697,15698,15700,15702],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15699,11810],{"class":62},[56,15701,67],{"class":66},[56,15703,9926],{"class":70},[56,15705,15706,15709,15711,15714],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15707,15708],{"class":62},"my_set ",[56,15710,67],{"class":66},[56,15712,15713],{"class":1545}," set",[56,15715,105],{"class":70},[56,15717,15718],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,15719,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,15721,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,15723,112],{"class":111},[56,15725,115],{"class":70},[56,15727,1546],{"class":1545},[56,15729,115],{"class":70},[56,15731,11537],{"class":101},[56,15733,1553],{"class":70},[56,15735,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15747],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,15737,112],{"class":111},[56,15739,115],{"class":70},[56,15741,1546],{"class":1545},[56,15743,115],{"class":70},[56,15745,15746],{"class":101},"my_set",[56,15748,1553],{"class":70},[20,15750,15751],{},[540,15752,241],{},[47,15754,15756],{"className":49,"code":15755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15757,15758,15772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15759,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15761,1635],{"class":66},[56,15763,1639],{"class":1638},[56,15765,263],{"class":180},[56,15767,8908],{"class":184},[56,15769,254],{"class":180},[56,15771,1649],{"class":66},[56,15773,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15775,1635],{"class":66},[56,15777,1639],{"class":1638},[56,15779,263],{"class":180},[56,15781,6377],{"class":184},[56,15783,254],{"class":180},[56,15785,1649],{"class":66},[42,15787,15789,15790],{"id":15788},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15791,9207],{},[20,15793,15794,15795,15797],{},"You can also use ",[15,15796,9207],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15799,15800],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[47,15802,15804],{"className":49,"code":15803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15805,15806,15846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15807,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15835,15837,15840,15842,15844],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15809,12944],{"class":62},[56,15811,67],{"class":66},[56,15813,9258],{"class":1545},[56,15815,115],{"class":70},[56,15817,7759],{"class":9263},[56,15819,67],{"class":66},[56,15821,181],{"class":180},[56,15823,12961],{"class":184},[56,15825,181],{"class":180},[56,15827,78],{"class":70},[56,15829,9276],{"class":9263},[56,15831,67],{"class":66},[56,15833,15834],{"class":74},"20",[56,15836,78],{"class":70},[56,15838,15839],{"class":9263}," active",[56,15841,67],{"class":66},[56,15843,3698],{"class":893},[56,15845,238],{"class":70},[56,15847,15848,15850,15852,15854],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15849,112],{"class":111},[56,15851,115],{"class":70},[56,15853,13704],{"class":101},[56,15855,238],{"class":70},[20,15857,15858],{},[540,15859,241],{},[47,15861,15863],{"className":49,"code":15862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15864,15865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15902,15904,15906,15908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15868,9366],{"class":70},[56,15870,254],{"class":180},[56,15872,7759],{"class":184},[56,15874,254],{"class":180},[56,15876,141],{"class":70},[56,15878,263],{"class":180},[56,15880,12961],{"class":184},[56,15882,254],{"class":180},[56,15884,78],{"class":70},[56,15886,263],{"class":180},[56,15888,9387],{"class":184},[56,15890,254],{"class":180},[56,15892,141],{"class":70},[56,15894,449],{"class":74},[56,15896,78],{"class":70},[56,15898,263],{"class":180},[56,15900,15901],{"class":184},"active",[56,15903,254],{"class":180},[56,15905,141],{"class":70},[56,15907,4004],{"class":893},[56,15909,9397],{"class":70},[20,15911,15912],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1030,15914,15916,15917],{"id":15915},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15918,9207],{},[20,15920,15921],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[143,15923,15924,15927],{},[146,15925,15926],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[146,15928,15929],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15931,6777],{},[47,15933,15935],{"className":49,"code":15934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15936,15937,15967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15938,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15940,11574],{"class":62},[56,15942,67],{"class":66},[56,15944,9258],{"class":1545},[56,15946,115],{"class":70},[56,15948,7759],{"class":9263},[56,15950,67],{"class":66},[56,15952,181],{"class":180},[56,15954,7768],{"class":184},[56,15956,181],{"class":180},[56,15958,78],{"class":70},[56,15960,9276],{"class":9263},[56,15962,67],{"class":66},[56,15964,9281],{"class":74},[56,15966,238],{"class":70},[56,15968,15969,15971,15973,15975],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,15970,112],{"class":111},[56,15972,115],{"class":70},[56,15974,11668],{"class":101},[56,15976,238],{"class":70},[20,15978,4716,15979,15981],{},[540,15980,931],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[47,15983,15985],{"className":49,"code":15984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15986,15987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15988,15989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15990,15984],{"class":123},[20,15992,15993],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15995,15996],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[47,15998,16000],{"className":49,"code":15999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16001,16002,16010,16026,16030,16034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16003,16004,16006,16008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16005,11574],{"class":62},[56,16007,67],{"class":66},[56,16009,11579],{"class":70},[56,16011,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16013,11584],{"class":180},[56,16015,10584],{"class":184},[56,16017,181],{"class":180},[56,16019,141],{"class":70},[56,16021,191],{"class":180},[56,16023,7768],{"class":184},[56,16025,1476],{"class":180},[56,16027,16028],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16029,9397],{"class":70},[56,16031,16032],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16033,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16035,16036,16038,16040,16042],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16037,112],{"class":111},[56,16039,115],{"class":70},[56,16041,11668],{"class":101},[56,16043,238],{"class":70},[42,16045,9533],{"id":9532},[20,16047,16048,16050],{},[15,16049,9207],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16052,16053],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[47,16055,16057],{"className":49,"code":16056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16058,16059,16116,16120,16134,16138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16060,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16112,16114],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16062,9303],{"class":62},[56,16064,67],{"class":66},[56,16066,9308],{"class":70},[56,16068,181],{"class":180},[56,16070,7759],{"class":184},[56,16072,181],{"class":180},[56,16074,78],{"class":70},[56,16076,191],{"class":180},[56,16078,12961],{"class":184},[56,16080,181],{"class":180},[56,16082,9321],{"class":70},[56,16084,9324],{"class":70},[56,16086,181],{"class":180},[56,16088,9387],{"class":184},[56,16090,181],{"class":180},[56,16092,78],{"class":70},[56,16094,449],{"class":74},[56,16096,9321],{"class":70},[56,16098,9324],{"class":70},[56,16100,181],{"class":180},[56,16102,10497],{"class":184},[56,16104,181],{"class":180},[56,16106,78],{"class":70},[56,16108,191],{"class":180},[56,16110,16111],{"class":184},"Lima",[56,16113,181],{"class":180},[56,16115,9337],{"class":70},[56,16117,16118],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16119,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16121,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16123,12944],{"class":62},[56,16125,67],{"class":66},[56,16127,9258],{"class":1545},[56,16129,115],{"class":70},[56,16131,9350],{"class":101},[56,16133,238],{"class":70},[56,16135,16136],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16137,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16139,16140,16142,16144,16146],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16141,112],{"class":111},[56,16143,115],{"class":70},[56,16145,13704],{"class":101},[56,16147,238],{"class":70},[20,16149,16150],{},[540,16151,241],{},[47,16153,16155],{"className":49,"code":16154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16156,16157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16158,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16160,9366],{"class":70},[56,16162,254],{"class":180},[56,16164,7759],{"class":184},[56,16166,254],{"class":180},[56,16168,141],{"class":70},[56,16170,263],{"class":180},[56,16172,12961],{"class":184},[56,16174,254],{"class":180},[56,16176,78],{"class":70},[56,16178,263],{"class":180},[56,16180,9387],{"class":184},[56,16182,254],{"class":180},[56,16184,141],{"class":70},[56,16186,449],{"class":74},[56,16188,78],{"class":70},[56,16190,263],{"class":180},[56,16192,10497],{"class":184},[56,16194,254],{"class":180},[56,16196,141],{"class":70},[56,16198,263],{"class":180},[56,16200,16111],{"class":184},[56,16202,254],{"class":180},[56,16204,9397],{"class":70},[20,16206,16207],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[47,16209,16211],{"className":49,"code":16210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16212,16213,16254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16214,16215,16217,16219,16221,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16216,12944],{"class":62},[56,16218,67],{"class":66},[56,16220,9258],{"class":1545},[56,16222,16223],{"class":70},"(((",[56,16225,181],{"class":180},[56,16227,7759],{"class":184},[56,16229,181],{"class":180},[56,16231,78],{"class":70},[56,16233,191],{"class":180},[56,16235,12961],{"class":184},[56,16237,181],{"class":180},[56,16239,9321],{"class":70},[56,16241,9324],{"class":70},[56,16243,181],{"class":180},[56,16245,9387],{"class":184},[56,16247,181],{"class":180},[56,16249,78],{"class":70},[56,16251,449],{"class":74},[56,16253,3010],{"class":70},[56,16255,16256,16258,16260,16262],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16257,112],{"class":111},[56,16259,115],{"class":70},[56,16261,13704],{"class":101},[56,16263,238],{"class":70},[20,16265,16266],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[42,16268,16270],{"id":16269},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16272,16273],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[143,16275,16276,16279,16282,16285],{},[146,16277,16278],{},"Keys must be unique",[146,16280,16281],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[146,16283,16284],{},"Values can repeat",[146,16286,16287],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1030,16289,16291],{"id":16290},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[47,16293,16295],{"className":49,"code":16294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16296,16297,16305,16323,16340,16344,16348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16298,16299,16301,16303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16300,9253],{"class":62},[56,16302,67],{"class":66},[56,16304,11579],{"class":70},[56,16306,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16308,11584],{"class":180},[56,16310,7759],{"class":184},[56,16312,181],{"class":180},[56,16314,141],{"class":70},[56,16316,191],{"class":180},[56,16318,12961],{"class":184},[56,16320,181],{"class":180},[56,16322,11600],{"class":70},[56,16324,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16338],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16326,11584],{"class":180},[56,16328,7759],{"class":184},[56,16330,181],{"class":180},[56,16332,141],{"class":70},[56,16334,191],{"class":180},[56,16336,16337],{"class":184},"Maria",[56,16339,1476],{"class":180},[56,16341,16342],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16343,9397],{"class":70},[56,16345,16346],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16347,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16349,16350,16352,16354,16356],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,16351,112],{"class":111},[56,16353,115],{"class":70},[56,16355,9292],{"class":101},[56,16357,238],{"class":70},[20,16359,16360],{},[540,16361,241],{},[47,16363,16365],{"className":49,"code":16364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16366,16367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16368,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16370,9366],{"class":70},[56,16372,254],{"class":180},[56,16374,7759],{"class":184},[56,16376,254],{"class":180},[56,16378,141],{"class":70},[56,16380,263],{"class":180},[56,16382,16337],{"class":184},[56,16384,254],{"class":180},[56,16386,9397],{"class":70},[20,16388,16389],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1030,16391,16393],{"id":16392},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[47,16395,16397],{"className":49,"code":16396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16398,16399,16407,16423,16439,16453,16457,16461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16400,16401,16403,16405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16402,5151],{"class":62},[56,16404,67],{"class":66},[56,16406,11579],{"class":70},[56,16408,16409,16412,16414,16416,16419,16421],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16410,16411],{"class":74},"    1",[56,16413,141],{"class":70},[56,16415,191],{"class":180},[56,16417,16418],{"class":184},"low",[56,16420,181],{"class":180},[56,16422,11600],{"class":70},[56,16424,16425,16428,16430,16432,16435,16437],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16426,16427],{"class":74},"    2",[56,16429,141],{"class":70},[56,16431,191],{"class":180},[56,16433,16434],{"class":184},"medium",[56,16436,181],{"class":180},[56,16438,11600],{"class":70},[56,16440,16441,16444,16446,16448,16451],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16442,16443],{"class":74},"    3",[56,16445,141],{"class":70},[56,16447,191],{"class":180},[56,16449,16450],{"class":184},"high",[56,16452,1476],{"class":180},[56,16454,16455],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16456,9397],{"class":70},[56,16458,16459],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,16460,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16462,16463,16465,16467,16470],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,16464,112],{"class":111},[56,16466,115],{"class":70},[56,16468,16469],{"class":101},"scores",[56,16471,238],{"class":70},[1030,16473,16475],{"id":16474},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16477,16478],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16480,16481],{},"This will cause an error:",[47,16483,16485],{"className":49,"code":16484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16486,16487,16492,16497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16488,16489],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16490,16491],{"class":123},"# bad = {\n",[56,16493,16494],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16495,16496],{"class":123},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[56,16498,16499],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16500,16501],{"class":123},"# }\n",[20,16503,16504],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[47,16506,16508],{"className":49,"code":16507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16509,16510,16519,16539,16543,16547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16511,16512,16515,16517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16513,16514],{"class":62},"good ",[56,16516,67],{"class":66},[56,16518,11579],{"class":70},[56,16520,16521,16524,16526,16528,16530,16533,16535,16537],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16522,16523],{"class":70},"    (",[56,16525,75],{"class":74},[56,16527,78],{"class":70},[56,16529,81],{"class":74},[56,16531,16532],{"class":70},"):",[56,16534,191],{"class":180},[56,16536,95],{"class":184},[56,16538,1476],{"class":180},[56,16540,16541],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16542,9397],{"class":70},[56,16544,16545],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16546,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16548,16549,16551,16553,16556],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16550,112],{"class":111},[56,16552,115],{"class":70},[56,16554,16555],{"class":101},"good",[56,16557,238],{"class":70},[42,16559,16561],{"id":16560},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16563,16564],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16566,16567],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[143,16569,16570,16573,16575,16578],{},[146,16571,16572],{},"user data",[146,16574,13963],{},[146,16576,16577],{},"counters",[146,16579,16580],{},"lookups",[20,16582,163],{},[47,16584,16586],{"className":49,"code":16585,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16587,16588,16596,16615,16634,16646,16650,16654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16589,16590,16592,16594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16591,11574],{"class":62},[56,16593,67],{"class":66},[56,16595,11579],{"class":70},[56,16597,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16611,16613],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16599,11584],{"class":180},[56,16601,8076],{"class":184},[56,16603,181],{"class":180},[56,16605,141],{"class":70},[56,16607,191],{"class":180},[56,16609,16610],{"class":184},"ana123",[56,16612,181],{"class":180},[56,16614,11600],{"class":70},[56,16616,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16630,16632],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16618,11584],{"class":180},[56,16620,15338],{"class":184},[56,16622,181],{"class":180},[56,16624,141],{"class":70},[56,16626,191],{"class":180},[56,16628,16629],{"class":184},"ana@example.com",[56,16631,181],{"class":180},[56,16633,11600],{"class":70},[56,16635,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16637,11584],{"class":180},[56,16639,12598],{"class":184},[56,16641,181],{"class":180},[56,16643,141],{"class":70},[56,16645,6513],{"class":893},[56,16647,16648],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16649,9397],{"class":70},[56,16651,16652],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,16653,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16655,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,16657,112],{"class":111},[56,16659,115],{"class":70},[56,16661,11668],{"class":101},[56,16663,251],{"class":70},[56,16665,181],{"class":180},[56,16667,15338],{"class":184},[56,16669,181],{"class":180},[56,16671,1607],{"class":70},[20,16673,16674,16675,98],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[36,16676,16678],{"href":16677},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16680,16681],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[143,16683,16684,16687,16690],{},[146,16685,16686],{},"labels are not needed",[146,16688,16689],{},"you mostly care about position",[146,16691,16692],{},"order matters more than named fields",[42,16694,1418],{"id":1417},[20,16696,16697],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[143,16699,16700,16703,16706,16709,16712],{},[146,16701,16702],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[146,16704,16705],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[146,16707,16708],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[146,16710,16711],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[146,16713,16714,16715,16717],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16716,3881],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1030,16719,16721],{"id":16720},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16723,16724],{},"Wrong:",[47,16726,16728],{"className":49,"code":16727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16729,16730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16731,16732],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16733,16727],{"class":123},[20,16735,16736],{},"Correct:",[47,16738,16740],{"className":49,"code":16739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16741,16742,16766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16743,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16745,12944],{"class":62},[56,16747,67],{"class":66},[56,16749,10579],{"class":70},[56,16751,181],{"class":180},[56,16753,7759],{"class":184},[56,16755,181],{"class":180},[56,16757,141],{"class":70},[56,16759,191],{"class":180},[56,16761,12961],{"class":184},[56,16763,181],{"class":180},[56,16765,9397],{"class":70},[56,16767,16768,16770,16772,16774],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16769,112],{"class":111},[56,16771,115],{"class":70},[56,16773,13704],{"class":101},[56,16775,238],{"class":70},[1030,16777,16779],{"id":16778},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16781,16724],{},[47,16783,16785],{"className":49,"code":16784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16786,16787],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16788,16789],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16790,16784],{"class":123},[20,16792,16793,16794,16796,16797,16799],{},"This only works if ",[15,16795,7759],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16798,15319],{},", use quotes.",[20,16801,16736],{},[47,16803,16804],{"className":49,"code":16739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,16805,16806,16830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16807,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16809,12944],{"class":62},[56,16811,67],{"class":66},[56,16813,10579],{"class":70},[56,16815,181],{"class":180},[56,16817,7759],{"class":184},[56,16819,181],{"class":180},[56,16821,141],{"class":70},[56,16823,191],{"class":180},[56,16825,12961],{"class":184},[56,16827,181],{"class":180},[56,16829,9397],{"class":70},[56,16831,16832,16834,16836,16838],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16833,112],{"class":111},[56,16835,115],{"class":70},[56,16837,13704],{"class":101},[56,16839,238],{"class":70},[1030,16841,16843],{"id":16842},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[47,16845,16847],{"className":49,"code":16846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16848,16849,16881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16850,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16852,9253],{"class":62},[56,16854,67],{"class":66},[56,16856,10579],{"class":70},[56,16858,181],{"class":180},[56,16860,9387],{"class":184},[56,16862,181],{"class":180},[56,16864,141],{"class":70},[56,16866,449],{"class":74},[56,16868,78],{"class":70},[56,16870,191],{"class":180},[56,16872,9387],{"class":184},[56,16874,181],{"class":180},[56,16876,141],{"class":70},[56,16878,454],{"class":74},[56,16880,9397],{"class":70},[56,16882,16883,16885,16887,16889],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16884,112],{"class":111},[56,16886,115],{"class":70},[56,16888,9292],{"class":101},[56,16890,238],{"class":70},[20,16892,16893],{},[540,16894,241],{},[47,16896,16898],{"className":49,"code":16897,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16899,16900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16901,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16903,9366],{"class":70},[56,16905,254],{"class":180},[56,16907,9387],{"class":184},[56,16909,254],{"class":180},[56,16911,141],{"class":70},[56,16913,454],{"class":74},[56,16915,9397],{"class":70},[42,16917,16919],{"id":16918},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16921,16922],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[47,16924,16926],{"className":49,"code":16925,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16927,16928,16964,16968,16978,16992,17007,17021],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16929,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16931,11810],{"class":62},[56,16933,67],{"class":66},[56,16935,10579],{"class":70},[56,16937,181],{"class":180},[56,16939,7759],{"class":184},[56,16941,181],{"class":180},[56,16943,141],{"class":70},[56,16945,191],{"class":180},[56,16947,12961],{"class":184},[56,16949,181],{"class":180},[56,16951,78],{"class":70},[56,16953,191],{"class":180},[56,16955,9387],{"class":184},[56,16957,181],{"class":180},[56,16959,141],{"class":70},[56,16961,449],{"class":74},[56,16963,9397],{"class":70},[56,16965,16966],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,16967,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,16969,16970,16972,16974,16976],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,16971,112],{"class":111},[56,16973,115],{"class":70},[56,16975,11537],{"class":101},[56,16977,238],{"class":70},[56,16979,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,16981,112],{"class":111},[56,16983,115],{"class":70},[56,16985,1546],{"class":1545},[56,16987,115],{"class":70},[56,16989,11537],{"class":101},[56,16991,1553],{"class":70},[56,16993,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17005],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,16995,112],{"class":111},[56,16997,115],{"class":70},[56,16999,11537],{"class":101},[56,17001,98],{"class":70},[56,17003,17004],{"class":101},"keys",[56,17006,7284],{"class":70},[56,17008,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,17010,112],{"class":111},[56,17012,115],{"class":70},[56,17014,11537],{"class":101},[56,17016,98],{"class":70},[56,17018,5448],{"class":101},[56,17020,7284],{"class":70},[56,17022,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,17024,112],{"class":111},[56,17026,115],{"class":70},[56,17028,11250],{"class":111},[56,17030,115],{"class":70},[56,17032,11537],{"class":101},[56,17034,1553],{"class":70},[20,17036,17037],{},[540,17038,17039],{},"Example output:",[47,17041,17043],{"className":49,"code":17042,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17044,17045,17077,17091,17114,17133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17048,9366],{"class":70},[56,17050,254],{"class":180},[56,17052,7759],{"class":184},[56,17054,254],{"class":180},[56,17056,141],{"class":70},[56,17058,263],{"class":180},[56,17060,12961],{"class":184},[56,17062,254],{"class":180},[56,17064,78],{"class":70},[56,17066,263],{"class":180},[56,17068,9387],{"class":184},[56,17070,254],{"class":180},[56,17072,141],{"class":70},[56,17074,449],{"class":74},[56,17076,9397],{"class":70},[56,17078,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,17080,1635],{"class":66},[56,17082,1639],{"class":1638},[56,17084,263],{"class":180},[56,17086,8908],{"class":184},[56,17088,254],{"class":180},[56,17090,1649],{"class":66},[56,17092,17093,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,17094,17095],{"class":101},"dict_keys",[56,17097,3084],{"class":70},[56,17099,254],{"class":180},[56,17101,7759],{"class":184},[56,17103,254],{"class":180},[56,17105,78],{"class":70},[56,17107,263],{"class":180},[56,17109,9387],{"class":184},[56,17111,254],{"class":180},[56,17113,1607],{"class":70},[56,17115,17116,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,17117,17118],{"class":101},"dict_values",[56,17120,3084],{"class":70},[56,17122,254],{"class":180},[56,17124,12961],{"class":184},[56,17126,254],{"class":180},[56,17128,78],{"class":70},[56,17130,449],{"class":74},[56,17132,1607],{"class":70},[56,17134,17135],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,17136,17137],{"class":74},"2\n",[20,17139,17140,17141,2287,17147,17153,17154,98],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[36,17142,10825,17144],{"href":17143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17145,17146],{},"keys()",[36,17148,10825,17150],{"href":17149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17151,17152],{},"values()",", and ",[36,17155,10825,17157],{"href":17156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17158,17159],{},"items()",[42,17161,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,17163,17165],{"id":17164},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17167,650,17168,2976,17170,17172],{},[15,17169,3881],{},[15,17171,9207],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1030,17174,17176],{"id":17175},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17178,17179,17180,98],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17181,17182],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1030,17184,17186],{"id":17185},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17188,17189],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1030,17191,17193],{"id":17192},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17195,17196],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1030,17198,5268,17200,4480,17202,1911],{"id":17199},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17201,3881],{},[15,17203,9207],{},[20,17205,17206,17208,17209,17211],{},[15,17207,3881],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17210,9207],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[42,17213,1996],{"id":1995},[143,17215,17216,17220,17226,17230,17236],{},[146,17217,17218],{},[36,17219,9243],{"href":9242},[146,17221,17222],{},[36,17223,10825,17224,1384],{"href":10824},[15,17225,10828],{},[146,17227,17228],{},[36,17229,11340],{"href":10819},[146,17231,17232],{},[36,17233,17235],{"href":17234},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[146,17237,17238],{},[36,17239,11351],{"href":11162},[20,17241,17242],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2028,17244,17245],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":17247},[17248,17249,17250,17251,17254,17257,17262,17263,17268,17269,17274,17275,17283],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":15259,"depth":92,"text":15247},{"id":15344,"depth":92,"text":15345,"children":17252},[17253],{"id":15496,"depth":108,"text":15497},{"id":9490,"depth":92,"text":9491,"children":17255},[17256],{"id":15675,"depth":108,"text":15676},{"id":15788,"depth":92,"text":17258,"children":17259},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17260],{"id":15915,"depth":108,"text":17261},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9532,"depth":92,"text":9533},{"id":16269,"depth":92,"text":16270,"children":17264},[17265,17266,17267],{"id":16290,"depth":108,"text":16291},{"id":16392,"depth":108,"text":16393},{"id":16474,"depth":108,"text":16475},{"id":16560,"depth":92,"text":16561},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":17270},[17271,17272,17273],{"id":16720,"depth":108,"text":16721},{"id":16778,"depth":108,"text":16779},{"id":16842,"depth":108,"text":16843},{"id":16918,"depth":92,"text":16919},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":17276},[17277,17278,17279,17280,17281],{"id":17164,"depth":108,"text":17165},{"id":17175,"depth":108,"text":17176},{"id":17185,"depth":108,"text":17186},{"id":17192,"depth":108,"text":17193},{"id":17199,"depth":108,"text":17282},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15084,"description":17284},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17290,"title":17291,"body":17292,"description":19740,"extension":2062,"meta":19741,"navigation":600,"path":19742,"seo":19743,"stem":19744,"__hash__":19745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17293,"toc":19696},[17294,17300,17306,17309,17312,17314,17396,17402,17407,17411,17429,17441,17446,17450,17473,17477,17489,17497,17501,17507,17509,17512,17585,17587,17632,17634,17651,17656,17662,17667,17741,17743,17788,17791,17802,17804,17923,17925,17978,17985,17989,17992,18009,18015,18019,18117,18119,18171,18178,18182,18188,18191,18194,18221,18226,18230,18233,18337,18339,18384,18387,18390,18395,18400,18411,18413,18474,18534,18540,18548,18554,18559,18564,18624,18628,18695,18698,18702,18773,18776,18789,18796,18798,18802,18806,18876,18878,18915,18918,18921,18984,18991,18994,19036,19046,19049,19118,19124,19129,19213,19215,19264,19271,19277,19322,19324,19357,19362,19366,19372,19411,19455,19523,19566,19568,19574,19577,19581,19586,19590,19593,19597,19599,19660,19662,19688,19693],[10,17295,11407,17297,18],{"id":17296},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17298,17299],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17301,17302,17305],{},[15,17303,17304],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17307,17308],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17310,17311],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[42,17313,2104],{"id":2103},[47,17315,17317],{"className":49,"code":17316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17318,17319,17352,17380,17391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17320,17321,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17322,17323],{"class":62},"keys ",[56,17325,67],{"class":66},[56,17327,71],{"class":70},[56,17329,181],{"class":180},[56,17331,7759],{"class":184},[56,17333,181],{"class":180},[56,17335,78],{"class":70},[56,17337,191],{"class":180},[56,17339,9387],{"class":184},[56,17341,181],{"class":180},[56,17343,78],{"class":70},[56,17345,191],{"class":180},[56,17347,10497],{"class":184},[56,17349,181],{"class":180},[56,17351,89],{"class":70},[56,17353,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17376,17378],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,17355,13282],{"class":62},[56,17357,67],{"class":66},[56,17359,9258],{"class":1545},[56,17361,98],{"class":70},[56,17363,17364],{"class":101},"fromkeys",[56,17366,115],{"class":70},[56,17368,17004],{"class":101},[56,17370,78],{"class":70},[56,17372,191],{"class":180},[56,17374,17375],{"class":184},"unknown",[56,17377,181],{"class":180},[56,17379,238],{"class":70},[56,17381,17382,17384,17386,17389],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,17383,112],{"class":111},[56,17385,115],{"class":70},[56,17387,17388],{"class":101},"person",[56,17390,238],{"class":70},[56,17392,17393],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,17394,17395],{"class":123},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17397,650,17398,17401],{},[15,17399,17400],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[42,17403,133,17405,136],{"id":17404},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17406,17304],{},[20,17408,17409,141],{},[15,17410,17304],{},[143,17412,17413,17416,17419,17422],{},[146,17414,17415],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[146,17417,17418],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[146,17420,17421],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[146,17423,17424,17425,17428],{},"Is called as ",[15,17426,17427],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17430,17431,17432,17434,17435,17437,17438,98],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17433,8908],{},", so you write ",[15,17436,17427],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17439,17440],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17442,17443,17444,98],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[36,17445,9243],{"href":13104},[42,17447,17449],{"id":17448},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[47,17451,17453],{"className":49,"code":17452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17454,17455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17456,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17458,8908],{"class":1545},[56,17460,98],{"class":70},[56,17462,17364],{"class":101},[56,17464,115],{"class":70},[56,17466,3810],{"class":101},[56,17468,78],{"class":70},[56,17470,8521],{"class":101},[56,17472,238],{"class":70},[1030,17474,17476],{"id":17475},"parameters","Parameters",[143,17478,17479,17484],{},[146,17480,17481,17483],{},[15,17482,3810],{},": the keys to use",[146,17485,17486,17488],{},[15,17487,2570],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17490,17491,17492,17494,17495,98],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17493,2570],{},", each key gets ",[15,17496,157],{},[1030,17498,17500],{"id":17499},"return-value","Return value",[20,17502,17503,17504,98],{},"It returns a ",[540,17505,17506],{},"new dictionary",[42,17508,5877],{"id":5876},[20,17510,17511],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[47,17513,17515],{"className":49,"code":17514,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17516,17517,17549,17571,17575],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17518,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17520,17323],{"class":62},[56,17522,67],{"class":66},[56,17524,71],{"class":70},[56,17526,181],{"class":180},[56,17528,343],{"class":184},[56,17530,181],{"class":180},[56,17532,78],{"class":70},[56,17534,191],{"class":180},[56,17536,352],{"class":184},[56,17538,181],{"class":180},[56,17540,78],{"class":70},[56,17542,191],{"class":180},[56,17544,361],{"class":184},[56,17546,181],{"class":180},[56,17548,89],{"class":70},[56,17550,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,17552,334],{"class":62},[56,17554,67],{"class":66},[56,17556,9258],{"class":1545},[56,17558,98],{"class":70},[56,17560,17364],{"class":101},[56,17562,115],{"class":70},[56,17564,17004],{"class":101},[56,17566,78],{"class":70},[56,17568,3923],{"class":74},[56,17570,238],{"class":70},[56,17572,17573],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,17574,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,17576,17577,17579,17581,17583],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,17578,112],{"class":111},[56,17580,115],{"class":70},[56,17582,370],{"class":101},[56,17584,238],{"class":70},[20,17586,241],{},[47,17588,17590],{"className":49,"code":17589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17591,17592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17593,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17595,9366],{"class":70},[56,17597,254],{"class":180},[56,17599,343],{"class":184},[56,17601,254],{"class":180},[56,17603,141],{"class":70},[56,17605,3923],{"class":74},[56,17607,78],{"class":70},[56,17609,263],{"class":180},[56,17611,352],{"class":184},[56,17613,254],{"class":180},[56,17615,141],{"class":70},[56,17617,3923],{"class":74},[56,17619,78],{"class":70},[56,17621,263],{"class":180},[56,17623,361],{"class":184},[56,17625,254],{"class":180},[56,17627,141],{"class":70},[56,17629,3923],{"class":74},[56,17631,9397],{"class":70},[20,17633,513],{},[143,17635,17636,17641,17646],{},[146,17637,17638,17640],{},[15,17639,17004],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[146,17642,17643,17645],{},[15,17644,2218],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[146,17647,17648,17650],{},[15,17649,17304],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17652,17653,17654,98],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[36,17655,9480],{"href":13107},[42,17657,1441,17659,17661],{"id":17658},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17660,17299],{}," without a value",[20,17663,17664,17665,98],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17666,157],{},[47,17668,17670],{"className":49,"code":17669,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17671,17672,17706,17726,17730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17673,17674,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17702,17704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17675,17676],{"class":62},"fields ",[56,17678,67],{"class":66},[56,17680,71],{"class":70},[56,17682,181],{"class":180},[56,17684,8076],{"class":184},[56,17686,181],{"class":180},[56,17688,78],{"class":70},[56,17690,191],{"class":180},[56,17692,15338],{"class":184},[56,17694,181],{"class":180},[56,17696,78],{"class":70},[56,17698,191],{"class":180},[56,17700,17701],{"class":184},"password",[56,17703,181],{"class":180},[56,17705,89],{"class":70},[56,17707,17708,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17724],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,17709,17710],{"class":62},"user_data ",[56,17712,67],{"class":66},[56,17714,9258],{"class":1545},[56,17716,98],{"class":70},[56,17718,17364],{"class":101},[56,17720,115],{"class":70},[56,17722,17723],{"class":101},"fields",[56,17725,238],{"class":70},[56,17727,17728],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,17729,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,17731,17732,17734,17736,17739],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,17733,112],{"class":111},[56,17735,115],{"class":70},[56,17737,17738],{"class":101},"user_data",[56,17740,238],{"class":70},[20,17742,241],{},[47,17744,17746],{"className":49,"code":17745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17747,17748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17749,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17751,9366],{"class":70},[56,17753,254],{"class":180},[56,17755,8076],{"class":184},[56,17757,254],{"class":180},[56,17759,141],{"class":70},[56,17761,3941],{"class":893},[56,17763,78],{"class":70},[56,17765,263],{"class":180},[56,17767,15338],{"class":184},[56,17769,254],{"class":180},[56,17771,141],{"class":70},[56,17773,3941],{"class":893},[56,17775,78],{"class":70},[56,17777,263],{"class":180},[56,17779,17701],{"class":184},[56,17781,254],{"class":180},[56,17783,141],{"class":70},[56,17785,3941],{"class":893},[56,17787,9397],{"class":70},[20,17789,17790],{},"This is useful when:",[143,17792,17793,17796,17799],{},[146,17794,17795],{},"You want to create the keys first",[146,17797,17798],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[146,17800,17801],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17803,163],{},[47,17805,17807],{"className":49,"code":17806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17808,17809,17841,17859,17863,17886,17909,17913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17810,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17812,17676],{"class":62},[56,17814,67],{"class":66},[56,17816,71],{"class":70},[56,17818,181],{"class":180},[56,17820,8076],{"class":184},[56,17822,181],{"class":180},[56,17824,78],{"class":70},[56,17826,191],{"class":180},[56,17828,15338],{"class":184},[56,17830,181],{"class":180},[56,17832,78],{"class":70},[56,17834,191],{"class":180},[56,17836,17701],{"class":184},[56,17838,181],{"class":180},[56,17840,89],{"class":70},[56,17842,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,17844,17710],{"class":62},[56,17846,67],{"class":66},[56,17848,9258],{"class":1545},[56,17850,98],{"class":70},[56,17852,17364],{"class":101},[56,17854,115],{"class":70},[56,17856,17723],{"class":101},[56,17858,238],{"class":70},[56,17860,17861],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,17862,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,17864,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17884],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,17866,17738],{"class":62},[56,17868,251],{"class":70},[56,17870,181],{"class":180},[56,17872,8076],{"class":184},[56,17874,181],{"class":180},[56,17876,13351],{"class":70},[56,17878,13354],{"class":66},[56,17880,191],{"class":180},[56,17882,17883],{"class":184},"alice",[56,17885,1476],{"class":180},[56,17887,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17907],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,17889,17738],{"class":62},[56,17891,251],{"class":70},[56,17893,181],{"class":180},[56,17895,15338],{"class":184},[56,17897,181],{"class":180},[56,17899,13351],{"class":70},[56,17901,13354],{"class":66},[56,17903,191],{"class":180},[56,17905,17906],{"class":184},"alice@example.com",[56,17908,1476],{"class":180},[56,17910,17911],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,17912,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,17914,17915,17917,17919,17921],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,17916,112],{"class":111},[56,17918,115],{"class":70},[56,17920,17738],{"class":101},[56,17922,238],{"class":70},[20,17924,241],{},[47,17926,17928],{"className":49,"code":17927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17929,17930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17931,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17933,9366],{"class":70},[56,17935,254],{"class":180},[56,17937,8076],{"class":184},[56,17939,254],{"class":180},[56,17941,141],{"class":70},[56,17943,263],{"class":180},[56,17945,17883],{"class":184},[56,17947,254],{"class":180},[56,17949,78],{"class":70},[56,17951,263],{"class":180},[56,17953,15338],{"class":184},[56,17955,254],{"class":180},[56,17957,141],{"class":70},[56,17959,263],{"class":180},[56,17961,17906],{"class":184},[56,17963,254],{"class":180},[56,17965,78],{"class":70},[56,17967,263],{"class":180},[56,17969,17701],{"class":184},[56,17971,254],{"class":180},[56,17973,141],{"class":70},[56,17975,3941],{"class":893},[56,17977,9397],{"class":70},[20,17979,17980,17981,98],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[36,17982,17984],{"href":17983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[42,17986,17988],{"id":17987},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17990,17991],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[143,17993,17994,17999,18004],{},[146,17995,17996,17998],{},[15,17997,3876],{}," (list)",[146,18000,18001,18003],{},[15,18002,3881],{}," (dictionary)",[146,18005,18006,18008],{},[15,18007,3886],{}," (set)",[20,18010,18011,18012,98],{},"All keys will point to the ",[540,18013,18014],{},"same object",[1030,18016,18018],{"id":18017},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[47,18020,18022],{"className":49,"code":18021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18023,18024,18056,18077,18081,18103,18107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18025,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18027,17323],{"class":62},[56,18029,67],{"class":66},[56,18031,71],{"class":70},[56,18033,181],{"class":180},[56,18035,36],{"class":184},[56,18037,181],{"class":180},[56,18039,78],{"class":70},[56,18041,191],{"class":180},[56,18043,194],{"class":184},[56,18045,181],{"class":180},[56,18047,78],{"class":70},[56,18049,191],{"class":180},[56,18051,203],{"class":184},[56,18053,181],{"class":180},[56,18055,89],{"class":70},[56,18057,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18059,9253],{"class":62},[56,18061,67],{"class":66},[56,18063,9258],{"class":1545},[56,18065,98],{"class":70},[56,18067,17364],{"class":101},[56,18069,115],{"class":70},[56,18071,17004],{"class":101},[56,18073,78],{"class":70},[56,18075,18076],{"class":70}," [])\n",[56,18078,18079],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18080,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,18084,9292],{"class":62},[56,18086,251],{"class":70},[56,18088,181],{"class":180},[56,18090,36],{"class":184},[56,18092,181],{"class":180},[56,18094,13628],{"class":70},[56,18096,13631],{"class":101},[56,18098,115],{"class":70},[56,18100,75],{"class":74},[56,18102,238],{"class":70},[56,18104,18105],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,18106,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,18108,18109,18111,18113,18115],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,18110,112],{"class":111},[56,18112,115],{"class":70},[56,18114,9292],{"class":101},[56,18116,238],{"class":70},[20,18118,241],{},[47,18120,18122],{"className":49,"code":18121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18123,18124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18125,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18127,9366],{"class":70},[56,18129,254],{"class":180},[56,18131,36],{"class":184},[56,18133,254],{"class":180},[56,18135,141],{"class":70},[56,18137,71],{"class":70},[56,18139,75],{"class":74},[56,18141,18142],{"class":70},"],",[56,18144,263],{"class":180},[56,18146,194],{"class":184},[56,18148,254],{"class":180},[56,18150,141],{"class":70},[56,18152,71],{"class":70},[56,18154,75],{"class":74},[56,18156,18142],{"class":70},[56,18158,263],{"class":180},[56,18160,203],{"class":184},[56,18162,254],{"class":180},[56,18164,141],{"class":70},[56,18166,71],{"class":70},[56,18168,75],{"class":74},[56,18170,13784],{"class":70},[20,18172,18173,18174,18177],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18175,18176],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1030,18179,18181],{"id":18180},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18183,18184,18187],{},[15,18185,18186],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18189,18190],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18192,18193],{},"So this:",[47,18195,18197],{"className":49,"code":18196,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18198,18199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18200,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18202,9292],{"class":62},[56,18204,251],{"class":70},[56,18206,181],{"class":180},[56,18208,36],{"class":184},[56,18210,181],{"class":180},[56,18212,13628],{"class":70},[56,18214,13631],{"class":101},[56,18216,115],{"class":70},[56,18218,75],{"class":74},[56,18220,238],{"class":70},[20,18222,18223,18224,98],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18225,18176],{},[1030,18227,18229],{"id":18228},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18231,18232],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[47,18234,18236],{"className":49,"code":18235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18237,18238,18270,18297,18301,18323,18327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18239,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18241,17323],{"class":62},[56,18243,67],{"class":66},[56,18245,71],{"class":70},[56,18247,181],{"class":180},[56,18249,36],{"class":184},[56,18251,181],{"class":180},[56,18253,78],{"class":70},[56,18255,191],{"class":180},[56,18257,194],{"class":184},[56,18259,181],{"class":180},[56,18261,78],{"class":70},[56,18263,191],{"class":180},[56,18265,203],{"class":184},[56,18267,181],{"class":180},[56,18269,89],{"class":70},[56,18271,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18285,18287,18290,18292,18295],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18273,9253],{"class":62},[56,18275,67],{"class":66},[56,18277,10579],{"class":70},[56,18279,14920],{"class":62},[56,18281,141],{"class":70},[56,18283,18284],{"class":70}," []",[56,18286,3966],{"class":3965},[56,18288,18289],{"class":62}," key ",[56,18291,3972],{"class":3965},[56,18293,18294],{"class":62}," keys",[56,18296,9397],{"class":70},[56,18298,18299],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18300,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,18302,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,18304,9292],{"class":62},[56,18306,251],{"class":70},[56,18308,181],{"class":180},[56,18310,36],{"class":184},[56,18312,181],{"class":180},[56,18314,13628],{"class":70},[56,18316,13631],{"class":101},[56,18318,115],{"class":70},[56,18320,75],{"class":74},[56,18322,238],{"class":70},[56,18324,18325],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,18326,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,18328,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,18330,112],{"class":111},[56,18332,115],{"class":70},[56,18334,9292],{"class":101},[56,18336,238],{"class":70},[20,18338,241],{},[47,18340,18342],{"className":49,"code":18341,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18343,18344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18345,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18347,9366],{"class":70},[56,18349,254],{"class":180},[56,18351,36],{"class":184},[56,18353,254],{"class":180},[56,18355,141],{"class":70},[56,18357,71],{"class":70},[56,18359,75],{"class":74},[56,18361,18142],{"class":70},[56,18363,263],{"class":180},[56,18365,194],{"class":184},[56,18367,254],{"class":180},[56,18369,141],{"class":70},[56,18371,18372],{"class":70}," [],",[56,18374,263],{"class":180},[56,18376,203],{"class":184},[56,18378,254],{"class":180},[56,18380,141],{"class":70},[56,18382,18383],{"class":70}," []}\n",[20,18385,18386],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18388,18389],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[42,18391,1389,18393],{"id":18392},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18394,17299],{},[20,18396,18397,18399],{},[15,18398,17304],{}," is a good choice when:",[143,18401,18402,18405,18408],{},[146,18403,18404],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[146,18406,18407],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[146,18409,18410],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18412,2224],{},[47,18414,18416],{"className":49,"code":18415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18417,18418,18463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18419,18420,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18455,18457,18459,18461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18421,18422],{"class":62},"flags ",[56,18424,67],{"class":66},[56,18426,9258],{"class":1545},[56,18428,98],{"class":70},[56,18430,17364],{"class":101},[56,18432,3084],{"class":70},[56,18434,181],{"class":180},[56,18436,18437],{"class":184},"is_admin",[56,18439,181],{"class":180},[56,18441,78],{"class":70},[56,18443,191],{"class":180},[56,18445,15158],{"class":184},[56,18447,181],{"class":180},[56,18449,78],{"class":70},[56,18451,191],{"class":180},[56,18453,18454],{"class":184},"is_verified",[56,18456,181],{"class":180},[56,18458,18142],{"class":70},[56,18460,3995],{"class":893},[56,18462,238],{"class":70},[56,18464,18465,18467,18469,18472],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18466,112],{"class":111},[56,18468,115],{"class":70},[56,18470,18471],{"class":101},"flags",[56,18473,238],{"class":70},[47,18475,18477],{"className":49,"code":18476,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18478,18479,18524],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18480,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18498,18500,18502,18504,18507,18509,18511,18513,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18482,5151],{"class":62},[56,18484,67],{"class":66},[56,18486,9258],{"class":1545},[56,18488,98],{"class":70},[56,18490,17364],{"class":101},[56,18492,3084],{"class":70},[56,18494,181],{"class":180},[56,18496,18497],{"class":184},"math",[56,18499,181],{"class":180},[56,18501,78],{"class":70},[56,18503,191],{"class":180},[56,18505,18506],{"class":184},"science",[56,18508,181],{"class":180},[56,18510,78],{"class":70},[56,18512,191],{"class":180},[56,18514,18515],{"class":184},"history",[56,18517,181],{"class":180},[56,18519,18142],{"class":70},[56,18521,3923],{"class":74},[56,18523,238],{"class":70},[56,18525,18526,18528,18530,18532],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18527,112],{"class":111},[56,18529,115],{"class":70},[56,18531,16469],{"class":101},[56,18533,238],{"class":70},[20,18535,18536,18537,18539],{},"It is ",[540,18538,931],{}," the best choice when:",[143,18541,18542,18545],{},[146,18543,18544],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[146,18546,18547],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[42,18549,18551,18553],{"id":18550},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18552,17299],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18555,18556,18558],{},[15,18557,17299],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1030,18560,1441,18562],{"id":18561},"using-fromkeys",[15,18563,17299],{},[47,18565,18567],{"className":49,"code":18566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18568,18569,18614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18570,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18588,18590,18592,18594,18597,18599,18601,18603,18606,18608,18610,18612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18572,13904],{"class":62},[56,18574,67],{"class":66},[56,18576,9258],{"class":1545},[56,18578,98],{"class":70},[56,18580,17364],{"class":101},[56,18582,3084],{"class":70},[56,18584,181],{"class":180},[56,18586,18587],{"class":184},"sound",[56,18589,181],{"class":180},[56,18591,78],{"class":70},[56,18593,191],{"class":180},[56,18595,18596],{"class":184},"music",[56,18598,181],{"class":180},[56,18600,78],{"class":70},[56,18602,191],{"class":180},[56,18604,18605],{"class":184},"notifications",[56,18607,181],{"class":180},[56,18609,18142],{"class":70},[56,18611,4004],{"class":893},[56,18613,238],{"class":70},[56,18615,18616,18618,18620,18622],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18617,112],{"class":111},[56,18619,115],{"class":70},[56,18621,13963],{"class":101},[56,18623,238],{"class":70},[1030,18625,18627],{"id":18626},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[47,18629,18631],{"className":49,"code":18630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18632,18633,18641,18655,18669,18681,18685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18634,18635,18637,18639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18636,13904],{"class":62},[56,18638,67],{"class":66},[56,18640,11579],{"class":70},[56,18642,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18644,11584],{"class":180},[56,18646,18587],{"class":184},[56,18648,181],{"class":180},[56,18650,141],{"class":70},[56,18652,4004],{"class":893},[56,18654,11600],{"class":70},[56,18656,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18658,11584],{"class":180},[56,18660,18596],{"class":184},[56,18662,181],{"class":180},[56,18664,141],{"class":70},[56,18666,3995],{"class":893},[56,18668,11600],{"class":70},[56,18670,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,18672,11584],{"class":180},[56,18674,18605],{"class":184},[56,18676,181],{"class":180},[56,18678,141],{"class":70},[56,18680,6513],{"class":893},[56,18682,18683],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,18684,9397],{"class":70},[56,18686,18687,18689,18691,18693],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,18688,112],{"class":111},[56,18690,115],{"class":70},[56,18692,13963],{"class":101},[56,18694,238],{"class":70},[20,18696,18697],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1030,18699,18701],{"id":18700},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[47,18703,18705],{"className":49,"code":18704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18706,18707,18739,18763],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18708,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18710,17323],{"class":62},[56,18712,67],{"class":66},[56,18714,71],{"class":70},[56,18716,181],{"class":180},[56,18718,36],{"class":184},[56,18720,181],{"class":180},[56,18722,78],{"class":70},[56,18724,191],{"class":180},[56,18726,194],{"class":184},[56,18728,181],{"class":180},[56,18730,78],{"class":70},[56,18732,191],{"class":180},[56,18734,203],{"class":184},[56,18736,181],{"class":180},[56,18738,89],{"class":70},[56,18740,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18742,9253],{"class":62},[56,18744,67],{"class":66},[56,18746,10579],{"class":70},[56,18748,14920],{"class":62},[56,18750,141],{"class":70},[56,18752,18284],{"class":70},[56,18754,3966],{"class":3965},[56,18756,18289],{"class":62},[56,18758,3972],{"class":3965},[56,18760,18294],{"class":62},[56,18762,9397],{"class":70},[56,18764,18765,18767,18769,18771],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18766,112],{"class":111},[56,18768,115],{"class":70},[56,18770,9292],{"class":101},[56,18772,238],{"class":70},[20,18774,18775],{},"Use:",[143,18777,18778,18783,18786],{},[146,18779,18780,18782],{},[15,18781,17299],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[146,18784,18785],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[146,18787,18788],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18790,18791,18792,98],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[36,18793,10825,18794,1384],{"href":14111},[15,18795,15033],{},[42,18797,1418],{"id":1417},[20,18799,14812,18800,98],{},[15,18801,17304],{},[1030,18803,18805],{"id":18804},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[47,18807,18809],{"className":49,"code":18808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18810,18811,18844,18866],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18812,18813,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18814,18815],{"class":62},"d ",[56,18817,67],{"class":66},[56,18819,9258],{"class":1545},[56,18821,98],{"class":70},[56,18823,17364],{"class":101},[56,18825,3084],{"class":70},[56,18827,181],{"class":180},[56,18829,36],{"class":184},[56,18831,181],{"class":180},[56,18833,78],{"class":70},[56,18835,191],{"class":180},[56,18837,194],{"class":184},[56,18839,181],{"class":180},[56,18841,18142],{"class":70},[56,18843,18076],{"class":70},[56,18845,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18847,212],{"class":62},[56,18849,251],{"class":70},[56,18851,181],{"class":180},[56,18853,36],{"class":184},[56,18855,181],{"class":180},[56,18857,13628],{"class":70},[56,18859,13631],{"class":101},[56,18861,115],{"class":70},[56,18863,75],{"class":74},[56,18865,238],{"class":70},[56,18867,18868,18870,18872,18874],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18869,112],{"class":111},[56,18871,115],{"class":70},[56,18873,212],{"class":101},[56,18875,238],{"class":70},[20,18877,241],{},[47,18879,18881],{"className":49,"code":18880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18882,18883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18884,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18886,9366],{"class":70},[56,18888,254],{"class":180},[56,18890,36],{"class":184},[56,18892,254],{"class":180},[56,18894,141],{"class":70},[56,18896,71],{"class":70},[56,18898,75],{"class":74},[56,18900,18142],{"class":70},[56,18902,263],{"class":180},[56,18904,194],{"class":184},[56,18906,254],{"class":180},[56,18908,141],{"class":70},[56,18910,71],{"class":70},[56,18912,75],{"class":74},[56,18914,13784],{"class":70},[20,18916,18917],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18919,18920],{},"Use this instead:",[47,18922,18924],{"className":49,"code":18923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18925,18926,18950,18974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18927,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18929,17323],{"class":62},[56,18931,67],{"class":66},[56,18933,71],{"class":70},[56,18935,181],{"class":180},[56,18937,36],{"class":184},[56,18939,181],{"class":180},[56,18941,78],{"class":70},[56,18943,191],{"class":180},[56,18945,194],{"class":184},[56,18947,181],{"class":180},[56,18949,89],{"class":70},[56,18951,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,18953,18815],{"class":62},[56,18955,67],{"class":66},[56,18957,10579],{"class":70},[56,18959,14920],{"class":62},[56,18961,141],{"class":70},[56,18963,18284],{"class":70},[56,18965,3966],{"class":3965},[56,18967,18289],{"class":62},[56,18969,3972],{"class":3965},[56,18971,18294],{"class":62},[56,18973,9397],{"class":70},[56,18975,18976,18978,18980,18982],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,18977,112],{"class":111},[56,18979,115],{"class":70},[56,18981,212],{"class":101},[56,18983,238],{"class":70},[1030,18985,18987,18988,18990],{"id":18986},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18989,17299],{}," on a list",[20,18992,18993],{},"Wrong idea:",[47,18995,18997],{"className":49,"code":18996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18998,18999,19031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19002,17323],{"class":62},[56,19004,67],{"class":66},[56,19006,71],{"class":70},[56,19008,181],{"class":180},[56,19010,36],{"class":184},[56,19012,181],{"class":180},[56,19014,78],{"class":70},[56,19016,191],{"class":180},[56,19018,194],{"class":184},[56,19020,181],{"class":180},[56,19022,78],{"class":70},[56,19024,191],{"class":180},[56,19026,203],{"class":184},[56,19028,181],{"class":180},[56,19030,89],{"class":70},[56,19032,19033],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19034,19035],{"class":123},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19037,19038,19040,19041,19043,19044,98],{},[15,19039,17299],{}," belongs to ",[15,19042,8908],{},", not ",[15,19045,1644],{},[20,19047,19048],{},"Correct usage:",[47,19050,19052],{"className":49,"code":19051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19053,19054,19086,19108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19055,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19057,17323],{"class":62},[56,19059,67],{"class":66},[56,19061,71],{"class":70},[56,19063,181],{"class":180},[56,19065,36],{"class":184},[56,19067,181],{"class":180},[56,19069,78],{"class":70},[56,19071,191],{"class":180},[56,19073,194],{"class":184},[56,19075,181],{"class":180},[56,19077,78],{"class":70},[56,19079,191],{"class":180},[56,19081,203],{"class":184},[56,19083,181],{"class":180},[56,19085,89],{"class":70},[56,19087,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19089,18815],{"class":62},[56,19091,67],{"class":66},[56,19093,9258],{"class":1545},[56,19095,98],{"class":70},[56,19097,17364],{"class":101},[56,19099,115],{"class":70},[56,19101,17004],{"class":101},[56,19103,78],{"class":70},[56,19105,3923],{"class":74},[56,19107,238],{"class":70},[56,19109,19110,19112,19114,19116],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,19111,112],{"class":111},[56,19113,115],{"class":70},[56,19115,212],{"class":101},[56,19117,238],{"class":70},[1030,19119,1435,19121,19123],{"id":19120},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19122,17299],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19125,19126,19128],{},[15,19127,17304],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[47,19130,19132],{"className":49,"code":19131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19133,19134,19154,19188,19192,19202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19135,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19137,12169],{"class":62},[56,19139,67],{"class":66},[56,19141,10579],{"class":70},[56,19143,181],{"class":180},[56,19145,2271],{"class":184},[56,19147,181],{"class":180},[56,19149,141],{"class":70},[56,19151,910],{"class":74},[56,19153,9397],{"class":70},[56,19155,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19157,13119],{"class":62},[56,19159,67],{"class":66},[56,19161,9258],{"class":1545},[56,19163,98],{"class":70},[56,19165,17364],{"class":101},[56,19167,3084],{"class":70},[56,19169,181],{"class":180},[56,19171,36],{"class":184},[56,19173,181],{"class":180},[56,19175,78],{"class":70},[56,19177,191],{"class":180},[56,19179,194],{"class":184},[56,19181,181],{"class":180},[56,19183,18142],{"class":70},[56,19185,3923],{"class":74},[56,19187,238],{"class":70},[56,19189,19190],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,19191,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,19193,19194,19196,19198,19200],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,19195,112],{"class":111},[56,19197,115],{"class":70},[56,19199,12216],{"class":101},[56,19201,238],{"class":70},[56,19203,19204,19206,19208,19211],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,19205,112],{"class":111},[56,19207,115],{"class":70},[56,19209,19210],{"class":101},"new_dict",[56,19212,238],{"class":70},[20,19214,241],{},[47,19216,19218],{"className":49,"code":19217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19219,19220,19236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19221,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19223,9366],{"class":70},[56,19225,254],{"class":180},[56,19227,2271],{"class":184},[56,19229,254],{"class":180},[56,19231,141],{"class":70},[56,19233,910],{"class":74},[56,19235,9397],{"class":70},[56,19237,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19239,9366],{"class":70},[56,19241,254],{"class":180},[56,19243,36],{"class":184},[56,19245,254],{"class":180},[56,19247,141],{"class":70},[56,19249,3923],{"class":74},[56,19251,78],{"class":70},[56,19253,263],{"class":180},[56,19255,194],{"class":184},[56,19257,254],{"class":180},[56,19259,141],{"class":70},[56,19261,3923],{"class":74},[56,19263,9397],{"class":70},[20,19265,19266,19267,98],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[36,19268,10825,19269,1384],{"href":14111},[15,19270,15033],{},[1030,19272,19274,19275],{"id":19273},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19276,157],{},[47,19278,19280],{"className":49,"code":19279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19281,19282,19312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19283,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19285,18815],{"class":62},[56,19287,67],{"class":66},[56,19289,9258],{"class":1545},[56,19291,98],{"class":70},[56,19293,17364],{"class":101},[56,19295,3084],{"class":70},[56,19297,181],{"class":180},[56,19299,2271],{"class":184},[56,19301,181],{"class":180},[56,19303,78],{"class":70},[56,19305,191],{"class":180},[56,19307,11831],{"class":184},[56,19309,181],{"class":180},[56,19311,1607],{"class":70},[56,19313,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19315,112],{"class":111},[56,19317,115],{"class":70},[56,19319,212],{"class":101},[56,19321,238],{"class":70},[20,19323,241],{},[47,19325,19327],{"className":49,"code":19326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19328,19329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19330,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19332,9366],{"class":70},[56,19334,254],{"class":180},[56,19336,2271],{"class":184},[56,19338,254],{"class":180},[56,19340,141],{"class":70},[56,19342,3941],{"class":893},[56,19344,78],{"class":70},[56,19346,263],{"class":180},[56,19348,11831],{"class":184},[56,19350,254],{"class":180},[56,19352,141],{"class":70},[56,19354,3941],{"class":893},[56,19356,9397],{"class":70},[20,19358,19359,19360,98],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19361,157],{},[42,19363,19365],{"id":19364},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19367,19368,19369,19371],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19370,17299],{}," works.",[47,19373,19375],{"className":49,"code":19374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19376,19377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19378,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19380,112],{"class":111},[56,19382,115],{"class":70},[56,19384,8908],{"class":1545},[56,19386,98],{"class":70},[56,19388,17364],{"class":101},[56,19390,3084],{"class":70},[56,19392,181],{"class":180},[56,19394,36],{"class":184},[56,19396,181],{"class":180},[56,19398,78],{"class":70},[56,19400,191],{"class":180},[56,19402,194],{"class":184},[56,19404,181],{"class":180},[56,19406,18142],{"class":70},[56,19408,3923],{"class":74},[56,19410,1553],{"class":70},[47,19412,19413],{"className":49,"code":19279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,19414,19415,19445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19416,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19418,18815],{"class":62},[56,19420,67],{"class":66},[56,19422,9258],{"class":1545},[56,19424,98],{"class":70},[56,19426,17364],{"class":101},[56,19428,3084],{"class":70},[56,19430,181],{"class":180},[56,19432,2271],{"class":184},[56,19434,181],{"class":180},[56,19436,78],{"class":70},[56,19438,191],{"class":180},[56,19440,11831],{"class":184},[56,19442,181],{"class":180},[56,19444,1607],{"class":70},[56,19446,19447,19449,19451,19453],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19448,112],{"class":111},[56,19450,115],{"class":70},[56,19452,212],{"class":101},[56,19454,238],{"class":70},[47,19456,19457],{"className":49,"code":18808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,19458,19459,19491,19513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19460,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19462,18815],{"class":62},[56,19464,67],{"class":66},[56,19466,9258],{"class":1545},[56,19468,98],{"class":70},[56,19470,17364],{"class":101},[56,19472,3084],{"class":70},[56,19474,181],{"class":180},[56,19476,36],{"class":184},[56,19478,181],{"class":180},[56,19480,78],{"class":70},[56,19482,191],{"class":180},[56,19484,194],{"class":184},[56,19486,181],{"class":180},[56,19488,18142],{"class":70},[56,19490,18076],{"class":70},[56,19492,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19494,212],{"class":62},[56,19496,251],{"class":70},[56,19498,181],{"class":180},[56,19500,36],{"class":184},[56,19502,181],{"class":180},[56,19504,13628],{"class":70},[56,19506,13631],{"class":101},[56,19508,115],{"class":70},[56,19510,75],{"class":74},[56,19512,238],{"class":70},[56,19514,19515,19517,19519,19521],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,19516,112],{"class":111},[56,19518,115],{"class":70},[56,19520,212],{"class":101},[56,19522,238],{"class":70},[47,19524,19526],{"className":49,"code":19525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19527,19528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19529,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19531,112],{"class":111},[56,19533,115],{"class":70},[56,19535,1546],{"class":1545},[56,19537,115],{"class":70},[56,19539,8908],{"class":1545},[56,19541,98],{"class":70},[56,19543,17364],{"class":101},[56,19545,3084],{"class":70},[56,19547,75],{"class":74},[56,19549,78],{"class":70},[56,19551,81],{"class":74},[56,19553,78],{"class":70},[56,19555,86],{"class":74},[56,19557,18142],{"class":70},[56,19559,191],{"class":180},[56,19561,2570],{"class":184},[56,19563,181],{"class":180},[56,19565,3010],{"class":70},[42,19567,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,19569,1892,19571,19573],{"id":19570},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19572,17299],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19575,19576],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1030,19578,19580],{"id":19579},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19582,19583,19584,98],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19585,157],{},[1030,19587,19589],{"id":19588},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19591,19592],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1030,19594,19596],{"id":19595},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19598,18232],{},[47,19600,19602],{"className":49,"code":19601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19603,19604,19636],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19605,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19607,17323],{"class":62},[56,19609,67],{"class":66},[56,19611,71],{"class":70},[56,19613,181],{"class":180},[56,19615,36],{"class":184},[56,19617,181],{"class":180},[56,19619,78],{"class":70},[56,19621,191],{"class":180},[56,19623,194],{"class":184},[56,19625,181],{"class":180},[56,19627,78],{"class":70},[56,19629,191],{"class":180},[56,19631,203],{"class":184},[56,19633,181],{"class":180},[56,19635,89],{"class":70},[56,19637,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19639,9253],{"class":62},[56,19641,67],{"class":66},[56,19643,10579],{"class":70},[56,19645,14920],{"class":62},[56,19647,141],{"class":70},[56,19649,18284],{"class":70},[56,19651,3966],{"class":3965},[56,19653,18289],{"class":62},[56,19655,3972],{"class":3965},[56,19657,18294],{"class":62},[56,19659,9397],{"class":70},[42,19661,1996],{"id":1995},[143,19663,19664,19668,19672,19676,19682],{},[146,19665,19666],{},[36,19667,11331],{"href":13107},[146,19669,19670],{},[36,19671,9243],{"href":13104},[146,19673,19674],{},[36,19675,11340],{"href":17983},[146,19677,19678],{},[36,19679,10825,19680,1384],{"href":14111},[15,19681,15033],{},[146,19683,19684],{},[36,19685,10825,19686,1384],{"href":15078},[15,19687,1991],{},[20,19689,650,19690,19692],{},[15,19691,17304],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2028,19694,19695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":19697},[19698,19699,19701,19705,19706,19708,19713,19715,19722,19731,19732,19739],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":17404,"depth":92,"text":19700},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17448,"depth":92,"text":17449,"children":19702},[19703,19704],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":17499,"depth":108,"text":17500},{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":17658,"depth":92,"text":19707},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17987,"depth":92,"text":17988,"children":19709},[19710,19711,19712],{"id":18017,"depth":108,"text":18018},{"id":18180,"depth":108,"text":18181},{"id":18228,"depth":108,"text":18229},{"id":18392,"depth":92,"text":19714},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18550,"depth":92,"text":19716,"children":19717},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19718,19720,19721],{"id":18561,"depth":108,"text":19719},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18626,"depth":108,"text":18627},{"id":18700,"depth":108,"text":18701},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":19723},[19724,19725,19727,19729],{"id":18804,"depth":108,"text":18805},{"id":18986,"depth":108,"text":19726},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19120,"depth":108,"text":19728},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19273,"depth":108,"text":19730},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19364,"depth":92,"text":19365},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":19733},[19734,19736,19737,19738],{"id":19570,"depth":108,"text":19735},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19579,"depth":108,"text":19580},{"id":19588,"depth":108,"text":19589},{"id":19595,"depth":108,"text":19596},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17291,"description":19740},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19747,"title":19748,"body":19749,"description":21579,"extension":2062,"meta":21580,"navigation":600,"path":21581,"seo":21582,"stem":21583,"__hash__":21584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19750,"toc":21546},[19751,19756,19762,19773,19903,19910,19915,19919,19935,19937,20035,20038,20055,20059,20061,20066,20104,20107,20125,20127,20245,20250,20254,20270,20273,20409,20412,20417,20423,20426,20463,20466,20470,20475,20551,20555,20560,20642,20644,20660,20665,20669,20675,20744,20747,20764,20767,20849,20855,20858,20878,20882,20887,20893,20899,20970,20973,20979,20982,21056,21063,21069,21077,21087,21089,21184,21190,21195,21282,21288,21290,21295,21317,21320,21415,21418,21449,21462,21464,21472,21478,21484,21487,21493,21498,21505,21510,21512,21543],[10,19752,11407,19754,18],{"id":19753},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19755,10828],{},[20,19757,19758,19759,19761],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19760,10828],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19763,19764,19765,2287,19768,2494,19770,19772],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19766,19767],{},"KeyError",[15,19769,10828],{},[15,19771,157],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[47,19774,19776],{"className":49,"code":19775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19777,19778,19814,19818,19844,19869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19779,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19781,13282],{"class":62},[56,19783,67],{"class":66},[56,19785,10579],{"class":70},[56,19787,181],{"class":180},[56,19789,7759],{"class":184},[56,19791,181],{"class":180},[56,19793,141],{"class":70},[56,19795,191],{"class":180},[56,19797,12961],{"class":184},[56,19799,181],{"class":180},[56,19801,78],{"class":70},[56,19803,191],{"class":180},[56,19805,9387],{"class":184},[56,19807,181],{"class":180},[56,19809,141],{"class":70},[56,19811,9394],{"class":74},[56,19813,9397],{"class":70},[56,19815,19816],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19817,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,19819,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,19821,112],{"class":111},[56,19823,115],{"class":70},[56,19825,17388],{"class":101},[56,19827,98],{"class":70},[56,19829,19830],{"class":101},"get",[56,19832,115],{"class":70},[56,19834,181],{"class":180},[56,19836,7759],{"class":184},[56,19838,181],{"class":180},[56,19840,5451],{"class":70},[56,19842,19843],{"class":123},"           # Ana\n",[56,19845,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,19847,112],{"class":111},[56,19849,115],{"class":70},[56,19851,17388],{"class":101},[56,19853,98],{"class":70},[56,19855,19830],{"class":101},[56,19857,115],{"class":70},[56,19859,181],{"class":180},[56,19861,10497],{"class":184},[56,19863,181],{"class":180},[56,19865,5451],{"class":70},[56,19867,19868],{"class":123},"           # None\n",[56,19870,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19896,19898,19900],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,19872,112],{"class":111},[56,19874,115],{"class":70},[56,19876,17388],{"class":101},[56,19878,98],{"class":70},[56,19880,19830],{"class":101},[56,19882,115],{"class":70},[56,19884,181],{"class":180},[56,19886,10497],{"class":184},[56,19888,181],{"class":180},[56,19890,78],{"class":70},[56,19892,191],{"class":180},[56,19894,19895],{"class":184},"N\u002FA",[56,19897,181],{"class":180},[56,19899,5451],{"class":70},[56,19901,19902],{"class":123},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19904,650,19905,19907,19908,98],{},[15,19906,10828],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19909,19767],{},[42,19911,133,19913,136],{"id":19912},"what-get-does",[15,19914,10828],{},[20,19916,2079,19917,11501],{},[15,19918,10828],{},[143,19920,19921,19924,19929,19932],{},[146,19922,19923],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[146,19925,154,19926,19928],{},[15,19927,157],{}," if the key does not exist",[146,19930,19931],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[146,19933,19934],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19936,163],{},[47,19938,19940],{"className":49,"code":19939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19941,19942,19981,19985,20010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19943,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19963,19965,19967,19969,19972,19974,19976,19979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19945,12944],{"class":62},[56,19947,67],{"class":66},[56,19949,10579],{"class":70},[56,19951,181],{"class":180},[56,19953,7759],{"class":184},[56,19955,181],{"class":180},[56,19957,141],{"class":70},[56,19959,191],{"class":180},[56,19961,19962],{"class":184},"Lina",[56,19964,181],{"class":180},[56,19966,78],{"class":70},[56,19968,191],{"class":180},[56,19970,19971],{"class":184},"grade",[56,19973,181],{"class":180},[56,19975,141],{"class":70},[56,19977,19978],{"class":74}," 90",[56,19980,9397],{"class":70},[56,19982,19983],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,19984,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,19986,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,19988,112],{"class":111},[56,19990,115],{"class":70},[56,19992,13704],{"class":101},[56,19994,98],{"class":70},[56,19996,19830],{"class":101},[56,19998,115],{"class":70},[56,20000,181],{"class":180},[56,20002,7759],{"class":184},[56,20004,181],{"class":180},[56,20006,5451],{"class":70},[56,20008,20009],{"class":123},"     # Lina\n",[56,20011,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20013,112],{"class":111},[56,20015,115],{"class":70},[56,20017,13704],{"class":101},[56,20019,98],{"class":70},[56,20021,19830],{"class":101},[56,20023,115],{"class":70},[56,20025,181],{"class":180},[56,20027,15338],{"class":184},[56,20029,181],{"class":180},[56,20031,5451],{"class":70},[56,20033,20034],{"class":123},"    # None\n",[20,20036,20037],{},"In this example:",[143,20039,20040,20045],{},[146,20041,20042,20044],{},[15,20043,15319],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[146,20046,20047,20050,20051,2494,20053],{},[15,20048,20049],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20052,10828],{},[15,20054,157],{},[20,20056,13101,20057,98],{},[36,20058,9243],{"href":9242},[42,20060,289],{"id":288},[20,20062,20063,20064,141],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20065,10828],{},[47,20067,20069],{"className":49,"code":20068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20070,20071,20085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20072,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20074,15684],{"class":62},[56,20076,98],{"class":70},[56,20078,19830],{"class":101},[56,20080,115],{"class":70},[56,20082,14920],{"class":101},[56,20084,238],{"class":70},[56,20086,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20102],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20088,15684],{"class":62},[56,20090,98],{"class":70},[56,20092,19830],{"class":101},[56,20094,115],{"class":70},[56,20096,14920],{"class":101},[56,20098,78],{"class":70},[56,20100,20101],{"class":101}," default_value",[56,20103,238],{"class":70},[20,20105,20106],{},"What each part means:",[143,20108,20109,20114,20120],{},[146,20110,20111,20113],{},[15,20112,14920],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[146,20115,20116,20119],{},[15,20117,20118],{},"default_value"," is optional",[146,20121,20122,20123],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20124,157],{},[20,20126,163],{},[47,20128,20130],{"className":49,"code":20129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20131,20132,20156,20160,20185,20211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20135,13904],{"class":62},[56,20137,67],{"class":66},[56,20139,10579],{"class":70},[56,20141,181],{"class":180},[56,20143,12578],{"class":184},[56,20145,181],{"class":180},[56,20147,141],{"class":70},[56,20149,191],{"class":180},[56,20151,12587],{"class":184},[56,20153,181],{"class":180},[56,20155,9397],{"class":70},[56,20157,20158],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20159,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20161,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20163,112],{"class":111},[56,20165,115],{"class":70},[56,20167,13963],{"class":101},[56,20169,98],{"class":70},[56,20171,19830],{"class":101},[56,20173,115],{"class":70},[56,20175,181],{"class":180},[56,20177,12578],{"class":184},[56,20179,181],{"class":180},[56,20181,5451],{"class":70},[56,20183,20184],{"class":123},"            # dark\n",[56,20186,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20204,20206,20208],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20188,112],{"class":111},[56,20190,115],{"class":70},[56,20192,13963],{"class":101},[56,20194,98],{"class":70},[56,20196,19830],{"class":101},[56,20198,115],{"class":70},[56,20200,181],{"class":180},[56,20202,20203],{"class":184},"language",[56,20205,181],{"class":180},[56,20207,5451],{"class":70},[56,20209,20210],{"class":123},"         # None\n",[56,20212,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20238,20240,20242],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,20214,112],{"class":111},[56,20216,115],{"class":70},[56,20218,13963],{"class":101},[56,20220,98],{"class":70},[56,20222,19830],{"class":101},[56,20224,115],{"class":70},[56,20226,181],{"class":180},[56,20228,20203],{"class":184},[56,20230,181],{"class":180},[56,20232,78],{"class":70},[56,20234,191],{"class":180},[56,20236,20237],{"class":184},"en",[56,20239,181],{"class":180},[56,20241,5451],{"class":70},[56,20243,20244],{"class":123},"   # en\n",[42,20246,1389,20248],{"id":20247},"when-to-use-get",[15,20249,10828],{},[20,20251,650,20252,10689],{},[15,20253,10828],{},[143,20255,20256,20259,20264,20267],{},[146,20257,20258],{},"A key might not exist",[146,20260,20261,20262],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20263,19767],{},[146,20265,20266],{},"You are reading optional data",[146,20268,20269],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20271,20272],{},"Example with optional user data:",[47,20274,20276],{"className":49,"code":20275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20277,20278,20320,20324,20349,20375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20279,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20316,20318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20281,11574],{"class":62},[56,20283,67],{"class":66},[56,20285,10579],{"class":70},[56,20287,181],{"class":180},[56,20289,8076],{"class":184},[56,20291,181],{"class":180},[56,20293,141],{"class":70},[56,20295,191],{"class":180},[56,20297,20298],{"class":184},"sam",[56,20300,181],{"class":180},[56,20302,78],{"class":70},[56,20304,191],{"class":180},[56,20306,15338],{"class":184},[56,20308,181],{"class":180},[56,20310,141],{"class":70},[56,20312,191],{"class":180},[56,20314,20315],{"class":184},"sam@example.com",[56,20317,181],{"class":180},[56,20319,9397],{"class":70},[56,20321,20322],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20323,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20325,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20327,112],{"class":111},[56,20329,115],{"class":70},[56,20331,11668],{"class":101},[56,20333,98],{"class":70},[56,20335,19830],{"class":101},[56,20337,115],{"class":70},[56,20339,181],{"class":180},[56,20341,8076],{"class":184},[56,20343,181],{"class":180},[56,20345,5451],{"class":70},[56,20347,20348],{"class":123},"              # sam\n",[56,20350,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20368,20370,20372],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20352,112],{"class":111},[56,20354,115],{"class":70},[56,20356,11668],{"class":101},[56,20358,98],{"class":70},[56,20360,19830],{"class":101},[56,20362,115],{"class":70},[56,20364,181],{"class":180},[56,20366,20367],{"class":184},"phone",[56,20369,181],{"class":180},[56,20371,5451],{"class":70},[56,20373,20374],{"class":123},"                 # None\n",[56,20376,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20402,20404,20406],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,20378,112],{"class":111},[56,20380,115],{"class":70},[56,20382,11668],{"class":101},[56,20384,98],{"class":70},[56,20386,19830],{"class":101},[56,20388,115],{"class":70},[56,20390,181],{"class":180},[56,20392,20367],{"class":184},[56,20394,181],{"class":180},[56,20396,78],{"class":70},[56,20398,191],{"class":180},[56,20400,20401],{"class":184},"Not provided",[56,20403,181],{"class":180},[56,20405,5451],{"class":70},[56,20407,20408],{"class":123}," # Not provided\n",[20,20410,20411],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20413,20414,20415,98],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[36,20416,16678],{"href":16677},[42,20418,20420,20422],{"id":20419},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20421,10828],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20424,20425],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[47,20427,20429],{"className":49,"code":20428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20430,20431,20445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20432,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20434,9292],{"class":62},[56,20436,251],{"class":70},[56,20438,181],{"class":180},[56,20440,14920],{"class":184},[56,20442,181],{"class":180},[56,20444,89],{"class":70},[56,20446,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20448,9292],{"class":62},[56,20450,98],{"class":70},[56,20452,19830],{"class":101},[56,20454,115],{"class":70},[56,20456,181],{"class":180},[56,20458,14920],{"class":184},[56,20460,181],{"class":180},[56,20462,238],{"class":70},[20,20464,20465],{},"The difference is important.",[1030,20467,20469],{"id":20468},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20471,20472,20473,98],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20474,19767],{},[47,20476,20478],{"className":49,"code":20477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20479,20480,20504,20508,20530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20483,9253],{"class":62},[56,20485,67],{"class":66},[56,20487,10579],{"class":70},[56,20489,181],{"class":180},[56,20491,7759],{"class":184},[56,20493,181],{"class":180},[56,20495,141],{"class":70},[56,20497,191],{"class":180},[56,20499,12961],{"class":184},[56,20501,181],{"class":180},[56,20503,9397],{"class":70},[56,20505,20506],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20507,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20509,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20527],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20511,112],{"class":111},[56,20513,115],{"class":70},[56,20515,9292],{"class":101},[56,20517,251],{"class":70},[56,20519,181],{"class":180},[56,20521,7759],{"class":184},[56,20523,181],{"class":180},[56,20525,20526],{"class":70},"])",[56,20528,20529],{"class":123},"   # Ana\n",[56,20531,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20533,112],{"class":111},[56,20535,115],{"class":70},[56,20537,9292],{"class":101},[56,20539,251],{"class":70},[56,20541,181],{"class":180},[56,20543,10497],{"class":184},[56,20545,181],{"class":180},[56,20547,20526],{"class":70},[56,20549,20550],{"class":123},"   # KeyError\n",[1030,20552,20553],{"id":19830},[15,20554,10828],{},[20,20556,20557,20559],{},[15,20558,10828],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[47,20561,20563],{"className":49,"code":20562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20564,20565,20589,20593,20617],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20566,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20568,9253],{"class":62},[56,20570,67],{"class":66},[56,20572,10579],{"class":70},[56,20574,181],{"class":180},[56,20576,7759],{"class":184},[56,20578,181],{"class":180},[56,20580,141],{"class":70},[56,20582,191],{"class":180},[56,20584,12961],{"class":184},[56,20586,181],{"class":180},[56,20588,9397],{"class":70},[56,20590,20591],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20592,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20594,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20596,112],{"class":111},[56,20598,115],{"class":70},[56,20600,9292],{"class":101},[56,20602,98],{"class":70},[56,20604,19830],{"class":101},[56,20606,115],{"class":70},[56,20608,181],{"class":180},[56,20610,7759],{"class":184},[56,20612,181],{"class":180},[56,20614,5451],{"class":70},[56,20616,20529],{"class":123},[56,20618,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20620,112],{"class":111},[56,20622,115],{"class":70},[56,20624,9292],{"class":101},[56,20626,98],{"class":70},[56,20628,19830],{"class":101},[56,20630,115],{"class":70},[56,20632,181],{"class":180},[56,20634,10497],{"class":184},[56,20636,181],{"class":180},[56,20638,5451],{"class":70},[56,20640,20641],{"class":123},"   # None\n",[20,20643,18775],{},[143,20645,20646,20652],{},[146,20647,20648,20649],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[540,20650,20651],{},"must exist",[146,20653,20654,20656,20657],{},[15,20655,10828],{}," when the key is ",[540,20658,20659],{},"optional",[20,20661,20662,20663,98],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[36,20664,11351],{"href":11162},[42,20666,20668],{"id":20667},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20670,20671,20672,20674],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20673,10828],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[47,20676,20678],{"className":49,"code":20677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20679,20680,20705,20709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20681,20682,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20683,20684],{"class":62},"profile ",[56,20686,67],{"class":66},[56,20688,10579],{"class":70},[56,20690,181],{"class":180},[56,20692,7759],{"class":184},[56,20694,181],{"class":180},[56,20696,141],{"class":70},[56,20698,191],{"class":180},[56,20700,8012],{"class":184},[56,20702,181],{"class":180},[56,20704,9397],{"class":70},[56,20706,20707],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20708,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20710,20711,20713,20715,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20737,20739,20741],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20712,112],{"class":111},[56,20714,115],{"class":70},[56,20716,20717],{"class":101},"profile",[56,20719,98],{"class":70},[56,20721,19830],{"class":101},[56,20723,115],{"class":70},[56,20725,181],{"class":180},[56,20727,15341],{"class":184},[56,20729,181],{"class":180},[56,20731,78],{"class":70},[56,20733,191],{"class":180},[56,20735,20736],{"class":184},"Unknown",[56,20738,181],{"class":180},[56,20740,5451],{"class":70},[56,20742,20743],{"class":123},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20745,20746],{},"This is useful for display text:",[143,20748,20749,20754,20759],{},[146,20750,20751],{},[15,20752,20753],{},"\"Unknown\"",[146,20755,20756],{},[15,20757,20758],{},"\"Not set\"",[146,20760,20761],{},[15,20762,20763],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20765,20766],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[47,20768,20770],{"className":49,"code":20769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20771,20772,20804,20808,20835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20773,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20775,5151],{"class":62},[56,20777,67],{"class":66},[56,20779,10579],{"class":70},[56,20781,181],{"class":180},[56,20783,18497],{"class":184},[56,20785,181],{"class":180},[56,20787,141],{"class":70},[56,20789,508],{"class":74},[56,20791,78],{"class":70},[56,20793,191],{"class":180},[56,20795,18506],{"class":184},[56,20797,181],{"class":180},[56,20799,141],{"class":70},[56,20801,6450],{"class":74},[56,20803,9397],{"class":70},[56,20805,20806],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20807,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20809,20810,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20811,20812],{"class":62},"total_history ",[56,20814,67],{"class":66},[56,20816,5198],{"class":62},[56,20818,98],{"class":70},[56,20820,19830],{"class":101},[56,20822,115],{"class":70},[56,20824,181],{"class":180},[56,20826,18515],{"class":184},[56,20828,181],{"class":180},[56,20830,78],{"class":70},[56,20832,3923],{"class":74},[56,20834,238],{"class":70},[56,20836,20837,20839,20841,20844,20846],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20838,112],{"class":111},[56,20840,115],{"class":70},[56,20842,20843],{"class":101},"total_history",[56,20845,120],{"class":70},[56,20847,20848],{"class":123},"   # 0\n",[20,20850,20851,20852,20854],{},"Here, ",[15,20853,2218],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20856,20857],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[143,20859,20860,20863,20868,20873],{},[146,20861,20862],{},"Use a string for text",[146,20864,650,20865,20867],{},[15,20866,2218],{}," for numbers",[146,20869,650,20870,20872],{},[15,20871,3876],{}," for lists if needed",[146,20874,650,20875,20877],{},[15,20876,3881],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[42,20879,20881],{"id":20880},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20883,20884,20885,98],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20886,10828],{},[1030,20888,20890,20892],{"id":20889},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20891,10828],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20894,20895,20896,20898],{},"This code does ",[540,20897,931],{}," create a new key:",[47,20900,20902],{"className":49,"code":20901,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20903,20904,20928,20932,20957],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20905,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20907,13282],{"class":62},[56,20909,67],{"class":66},[56,20911,10579],{"class":70},[56,20913,181],{"class":180},[56,20915,7759],{"class":184},[56,20917,181],{"class":180},[56,20919,141],{"class":70},[56,20921,191],{"class":180},[56,20923,12961],{"class":184},[56,20925,181],{"class":180},[56,20927,9397],{"class":70},[56,20929,20930],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,20931,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,20933,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,20935,112],{"class":111},[56,20937,115],{"class":70},[56,20939,17388],{"class":101},[56,20941,98],{"class":70},[56,20943,19830],{"class":101},[56,20945,115],{"class":70},[56,20947,181],{"class":180},[56,20949,10497],{"class":184},[56,20951,181],{"class":180},[56,20953,5451],{"class":70},[56,20955,20956],{"class":123},"  # None\n",[56,20958,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,20960,112],{"class":111},[56,20962,115],{"class":70},[56,20964,17388],{"class":101},[56,20966,120],{"class":70},[56,20968,20969],{"class":123},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20971,20972],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1030,20974,20976,20978],{"id":20975},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20977,10828],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20980,20981],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[47,20983,20985],{"className":49,"code":20984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20986,20987,21013,21017,21043],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20988,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,21000,21002,21004,21006,21009,21011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20990,13904],{"class":62},[56,20992,67],{"class":66},[56,20994,10579],{"class":70},[56,20996,181],{"class":180},[56,20998,20999],{"class":184},"mode",[56,21001,181],{"class":180},[56,21003,141],{"class":70},[56,21005,191],{"class":180},[56,21007,21008],{"class":184},"light",[56,21010,181],{"class":180},[56,21012,9397],{"class":70},[56,21014,21015],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21016,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21018,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21020,13963],{"class":62},[56,21022,98],{"class":70},[56,21024,19830],{"class":101},[56,21026,115],{"class":70},[56,21028,181],{"class":180},[56,21030,12578],{"class":184},[56,21032,181],{"class":180},[56,21034,78],{"class":70},[56,21036,191],{"class":180},[56,21038,12587],{"class":184},[56,21040,181],{"class":180},[56,21042,238],{"class":70},[56,21044,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21046,112],{"class":111},[56,21048,115],{"class":70},[56,21050,13963],{"class":101},[56,21052,120],{"class":70},[56,21054,21055],{"class":123},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21057,21058,21059,21062],{},"Even though ",[15,21060,21061],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1030,21064,21066,21067],{"id":21065},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21068,157],{},[20,21070,21071,21072,2494,21074,21076],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21073,10828],{},[15,21075,157],{}," because:",[143,21078,21079,21082],{},[146,21080,21081],{},"The key is missing, or",[146,21083,21084,21085],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21086,157],{},[20,21088,163],{},[47,21090,21092],{"className":49,"code":21091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21093,21094,21131,21135,21159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21095,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21123,21125,21127,21129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21097,9253],{"class":62},[56,21099,67],{"class":66},[56,21101,10579],{"class":70},[56,21103,181],{"class":180},[56,21105,7759],{"class":184},[56,21107,181],{"class":180},[56,21109,141],{"class":70},[56,21111,191],{"class":180},[56,21113,12961],{"class":184},[56,21115,181],{"class":180},[56,21117,78],{"class":70},[56,21119,191],{"class":180},[56,21121,21122],{"class":184},"nickname",[56,21124,181],{"class":180},[56,21126,141],{"class":70},[56,21128,3941],{"class":893},[56,21130,9397],{"class":70},[56,21132,21133],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21134,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21136,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21138,112],{"class":111},[56,21140,115],{"class":70},[56,21142,9292],{"class":101},[56,21144,98],{"class":70},[56,21146,19830],{"class":101},[56,21148,115],{"class":70},[56,21150,181],{"class":180},[56,21152,21122],{"class":184},[56,21154,181],{"class":180},[56,21156,5451],{"class":70},[56,21158,20956],{"class":123},[56,21160,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21162,112],{"class":111},[56,21164,115],{"class":70},[56,21166,9292],{"class":101},[56,21168,98],{"class":70},[56,21170,19830],{"class":101},[56,21172,115],{"class":70},[56,21174,181],{"class":180},[56,21176,10497],{"class":184},[56,21178,181],{"class":180},[56,21180,5451],{"class":70},[56,21182,21183],{"class":123},"      # None\n",[20,21185,21186,21187,21189],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21188,157],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21191,21192,21193,141],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21194,3972],{},[47,21196,21198],{"className":49,"code":21197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21199,21200,21236,21240,21261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21201,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21203,9253],{"class":62},[56,21205,67],{"class":66},[56,21207,10579],{"class":70},[56,21209,181],{"class":180},[56,21211,7759],{"class":184},[56,21213,181],{"class":180},[56,21215,141],{"class":70},[56,21217,191],{"class":180},[56,21219,12961],{"class":184},[56,21221,181],{"class":180},[56,21223,78],{"class":70},[56,21225,191],{"class":180},[56,21227,21122],{"class":184},[56,21229,181],{"class":180},[56,21231,141],{"class":70},[56,21233,3941],{"class":893},[56,21235,9397],{"class":70},[56,21237,21238],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21239,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21241,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21255,21257,21259],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21243,112],{"class":111},[56,21245,115],{"class":70},[56,21247,181],{"class":180},[56,21249,21122],{"class":184},[56,21251,181],{"class":180},[56,21253,21254],{"class":3965}," in",[56,21256,14645],{"class":101},[56,21258,120],{"class":70},[56,21260,3754],{"class":123},[56,21262,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21264,112],{"class":111},[56,21266,115],{"class":70},[56,21268,181],{"class":180},[56,21270,10497],{"class":184},[56,21272,181],{"class":180},[56,21274,21254],{"class":3965},[56,21276,14645],{"class":101},[56,21278,120],{"class":70},[56,21280,21281],{"class":123},"      # False\n",[20,21283,21284,21285,98],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[36,21286,21287],{"href":17234},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[42,21289,1418],{"id":1417},[20,21291,21292,21293,141],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21294,10828],{},[143,21296,21297,21302,21309,21314],{},[146,21298,21299,21300],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21301,19767],{},[146,21303,4792,21304,2494,21306,21308],{},[15,21305,10828],{},[15,21307,157],{}," if no default is provided",[146,21310,4667,21311,21313],{},[15,21312,10828],{}," creates a key automatically",[146,21315,21316],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21318,21319],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[47,21321,21323],{"className":49,"code":21322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21324,21325,21335,21349,21367,21389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21326,21327,21329,21331,21333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21328,112],{"class":111},[56,21330,115],{"class":70},[56,21332,11537],{"class":101},[56,21334,238],{"class":70},[56,21336,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21338,112],{"class":111},[56,21340,115],{"class":70},[56,21342,11537],{"class":101},[56,21344,98],{"class":70},[56,21346,17004],{"class":101},[56,21348,7284],{"class":70},[56,21350,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21352,112],{"class":111},[56,21354,115],{"class":70},[56,21356,254],{"class":180},[56,21358,7759],{"class":184},[56,21360,254],{"class":180},[56,21362,21254],{"class":3965},[56,21364,11852],{"class":101},[56,21366,238],{"class":70},[56,21368,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21370,112],{"class":111},[56,21372,115],{"class":70},[56,21374,11537],{"class":101},[56,21376,98],{"class":70},[56,21378,19830],{"class":101},[56,21380,115],{"class":70},[56,21382,254],{"class":180},[56,21384,7759],{"class":184},[56,21386,254],{"class":180},[56,21388,1553],{"class":70},[56,21390,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,21392,112],{"class":111},[56,21394,115],{"class":70},[56,21396,1546],{"class":1545},[56,21398,115],{"class":70},[56,21400,11537],{"class":101},[56,21402,98],{"class":70},[56,21404,19830],{"class":101},[56,21406,115],{"class":70},[56,21408,254],{"class":180},[56,21410,7759],{"class":184},[56,21412,254],{"class":180},[56,21414,3010],{"class":70},[20,21416,21417],{},"What these checks tell you:",[143,21419,21420,21425,21431,21437,21443],{},[146,21421,21422,21424],{},[15,21423,12761],{}," shows the full dictionary",[146,21426,21427,21430],{},[15,21428,21429],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[146,21432,21433,21436],{},[15,21434,21435],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[146,21438,21439,21442],{},[15,21440,21441],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[146,21444,21445,21448],{},[15,21446,21447],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21450,21451,21452,4480,21457,21461],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[36,21453,21454,21455,1384],{"href":17143},"the dictionary ",[15,21456,17146],{},[36,21458,21454,21459,1384],{"href":17156},[15,21460,17159],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[42,21463,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,21465,1892,21467,21469,21470,1911],{"id":21466},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21468,10828],{}," raise ",[15,21471,19767],{},[20,21473,21474,21475,21477],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21476,157],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1030,21479,1892,21481,21483],{"id":21480},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21482,10828],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21485,21486],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1030,21488,21490,21491,1911],{"id":21489},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21492,10828],{},[20,21494,21495,21497],{},[15,21496,157],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1030,21499,21501,21502,21504],{"id":21500},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21503,10828],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21506,650,21507,21509],{},[15,21508,10828],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[42,21511,1996],{"id":1995},[143,21513,21514,21518,21524,21530,21534,21539],{},[146,21515,21516],{},[36,21517,9243],{"href":9242},[146,21519,21520],{},[36,21521,10825,21522,1384],{"href":17143},[15,21523,17146],{},[146,21525,21526],{},[36,21527,10825,21528,1384],{"href":17156},[15,21529,17159],{},[146,21531,21532],{},[36,21533,17235],{"href":17234},[146,21535,21536],{},[36,21537,21538],{"href":16677},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[146,21540,21541],{},[36,21542,11351],{"href":11162},[2028,21544,21545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":21547},[21548,21550,21551,21553,21558,21559,21567,21568,21578],{"id":19912,"depth":92,"text":21549},"What get() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":20247,"depth":92,"text":21552},"When to use get()",{"id":20419,"depth":92,"text":21554,"children":21555},"get() vs square brackets",[21556,21557],{"id":20468,"depth":108,"text":20469},{"id":19830,"depth":108,"text":10828},{"id":20667,"depth":92,"text":20668},{"id":20880,"depth":92,"text":20881,"children":21560},[21561,21563,21565],{"id":20889,"depth":108,"text":21562},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20975,"depth":108,"text":21564},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21065,"depth":108,"text":21566},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":21569},[21570,21572,21574,21576],{"id":21466,"depth":108,"text":21571},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21480,"depth":108,"text":21573},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21489,"depth":108,"text":21575},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21500,"depth":108,"text":21577},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19748,"description":21579},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21586,"title":21587,"body":21588,"description":24144,"extension":2062,"meta":24145,"navigation":600,"path":24146,"seo":24147,"stem":24148,"__hash__":24149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21589,"toc":24110},[21590,21595,21601,21607,21609,21691,21695,21712,21717,21722,21727,21729,21743,21745,21808,21812,21852,21860,21862,21864,21879,21882,21895,21897,21976,21980,22046,22048,22052,22060,22062,22073,22075,22185,22189,22268,22274,22280,22285,22398,22402,22434,22437,22544,22550,22557,22561,22564,22666,22670,22731,22734,22737,22748,22757,22760,22777,22779,22878,22882,22957,22960,22983,22988,22993,23010,23012,23133,23137,23171,23173,23178,23185,23195,23197,23275,23278,23349,23359,23362,23394,23397,23436,23442,23449,23452,23543,23547,23628,23634,23637,23640,23745,23748,23751,23873,23877,23880,23947,23951,23988,23994,23996,24002,24007,24013,24020,24026,24029,24068,24074,24077,24079,24107],[10,21591,11407,21593,18],{"id":21592},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21594,17159],{},[20,21596,2079,21597,21600],{},[15,21598,21599],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21602,21603,21604,21606],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21605,17159],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[42,21608,2104],{"id":2103},[47,21610,21612],{"className":49,"code":21611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21613,21614,21650,21654,21677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21615,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21617,13282],{"class":62},[56,21619,67],{"class":66},[56,21621,10579],{"class":70},[56,21623,181],{"class":180},[56,21625,7759],{"class":184},[56,21627,181],{"class":180},[56,21629,141],{"class":70},[56,21631,191],{"class":180},[56,21633,12961],{"class":184},[56,21635,181],{"class":180},[56,21637,78],{"class":70},[56,21639,191],{"class":180},[56,21641,9387],{"class":184},[56,21643,181],{"class":180},[56,21645,141],{"class":70},[56,21647,9394],{"class":74},[56,21649,9397],{"class":70},[56,21651,21652],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21653,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21655,21656,21658,21661,21663,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21657,6048],{"class":3965},[56,21659,21660],{"class":62}," key",[56,21662,78],{"class":70},[56,21664,21665],{"class":62}," value ",[56,21667,3972],{"class":3965},[56,21669,13325],{"class":62},[56,21671,98],{"class":70},[56,21673,7900],{"class":101},[56,21675,21676],{"class":70},"():\n",[56,21678,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21680,8160],{"class":111},[56,21682,115],{"class":70},[56,21684,14920],{"class":101},[56,21686,78],{"class":70},[56,21688,8521],{"class":101},[56,21690,238],{"class":70},[20,21692,21693],{},[540,21694,241],{},[47,21696,21698],{"className":49,"code":21697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21699,21700,21705],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21701,21702],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21703,21704],{"class":62},"name Ana\n",[56,21706,21707,21710],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21708,21709],{"class":62},"age ",[56,21711,2807],{"class":74},[20,21713,650,21714,21716],{},[15,21715,17159],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[42,21718,133,21720,136],{"id":21719},"what-items-does",[15,21721,17159],{},[20,21723,21724,21726],{},[15,21725,17159],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21728,11546],{},[143,21730,21731,21737,21740],{},[146,21732,21733,21734],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21735,21736],{},"(key, value)",[146,21738,21739],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[146,21741,21742],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21744,163],{},[47,21746,21748],{"className":49,"code":21747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21749,21750,21786,21790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21751,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21753,13282],{"class":62},[56,21755,67],{"class":66},[56,21757,10579],{"class":70},[56,21759,181],{"class":180},[56,21761,7759],{"class":184},[56,21763,181],{"class":180},[56,21765,141],{"class":70},[56,21767,191],{"class":180},[56,21769,12961],{"class":184},[56,21771,181],{"class":180},[56,21773,78],{"class":70},[56,21775,191],{"class":180},[56,21777,9387],{"class":184},[56,21779,181],{"class":180},[56,21781,141],{"class":70},[56,21783,9394],{"class":74},[56,21785,9397],{"class":70},[56,21787,21788],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21789,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21791,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21793,112],{"class":111},[56,21795,115],{"class":70},[56,21797,1644],{"class":1545},[56,21799,115],{"class":70},[56,21801,17388],{"class":101},[56,21803,98],{"class":70},[56,21805,7900],{"class":101},[56,21807,6380],{"class":70},[20,21809,21810],{},[540,21811,241],{},[47,21813,21815],{"className":49,"code":21814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21816,21817],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21818,21819,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21820,21821],{"class":70},"[(",[56,21823,254],{"class":180},[56,21825,7759],{"class":184},[56,21827,254],{"class":180},[56,21829,78],{"class":70},[56,21831,263],{"class":180},[56,21833,12961],{"class":184},[56,21835,254],{"class":180},[56,21837,9321],{"class":70},[56,21839,9324],{"class":70},[56,21841,254],{"class":180},[56,21843,9387],{"class":184},[56,21845,254],{"class":180},[56,21847,78],{"class":70},[56,21849,9394],{"class":74},[56,21851,9337],{"class":70},[20,21853,21854,21855,2976,21857,98],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[36,21856,9243],{"href":13104},[36,21858,15104],{"href":21859},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[42,21861,289],{"id":288},[20,21863,5524],{},[47,21865,21867],{"className":49,"code":21866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21868,21869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21870,21871,21873,21875,21877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21872,11537],{"class":62},[56,21874,98],{"class":70},[56,21876,7900],{"class":101},[56,21878,105],{"class":70},[20,21880,21881],{},"Things to remember:",[143,21883,21884,21889,21892],{},[146,21885,21886,21888],{},[15,21887,17159],{}," does not take any arguments",[146,21890,21891],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[146,21893,21894],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21896,163],{},[47,21898,21900],{"className":49,"code":21899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21901,21902,21934,21938,21952,21956,21966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21903,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21905,5151],{"class":62},[56,21907,67],{"class":66},[56,21909,10579],{"class":70},[56,21911,181],{"class":180},[56,21913,5091],{"class":184},[56,21915,181],{"class":180},[56,21917,141],{"class":70},[56,21919,19978],{"class":74},[56,21921,78],{"class":70},[56,21923,191],{"class":180},[56,21925,5100],{"class":184},[56,21927,181],{"class":180},[56,21929,141],{"class":70},[56,21931,13585],{"class":74},[56,21933,9397],{"class":70},[56,21935,21936],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,21937,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21939,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,21941,1156],{"class":62},[56,21943,67],{"class":66},[56,21945,5198],{"class":62},[56,21947,98],{"class":70},[56,21949,7900],{"class":101},[56,21951,105],{"class":70},[56,21953,21954],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,21955,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,21957,21958,21960,21962,21964],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,21959,112],{"class":111},[56,21961,115],{"class":70},[56,21963,1190],{"class":101},[56,21965,238],{"class":70},[56,21967,21968,21970,21972,21974],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,21969,112],{"class":111},[56,21971,115],{"class":70},[56,21973,16469],{"class":101},[56,21975,238],{"class":70},[20,21977,21978],{},[540,21979,241],{},[47,21981,21983],{"className":49,"code":21982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21984,21985,22018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21986,21987,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21988,21989],{"class":101},"dict_items",[56,21991,9746],{"class":70},[56,21993,254],{"class":180},[56,21995,5091],{"class":184},[56,21997,254],{"class":180},[56,21999,78],{"class":70},[56,22001,19978],{"class":74},[56,22003,9321],{"class":70},[56,22005,9324],{"class":70},[56,22007,254],{"class":180},[56,22009,5100],{"class":184},[56,22011,254],{"class":180},[56,22013,78],{"class":70},[56,22015,13585],{"class":74},[56,22017,10767],{"class":70},[56,22019,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22021,9366],{"class":70},[56,22023,254],{"class":180},[56,22025,5091],{"class":184},[56,22027,254],{"class":180},[56,22029,141],{"class":70},[56,22031,19978],{"class":74},[56,22033,78],{"class":70},[56,22035,263],{"class":180},[56,22037,5100],{"class":184},[56,22039,254],{"class":180},[56,22041,141],{"class":70},[56,22043,13585],{"class":74},[56,22045,9397],{"class":70},[20,22047,20972],{},[42,22049,22051],{"id":22050},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22053,22054,22056,22057,22059],{},[15,22055,17159],{}," returns a ",[15,22058,21989],{}," view object.",[20,22061,2205],{},[143,22063,22064,22067,22070],{},[146,22065,22066],{},"You can loop over it",[146,22068,22069],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[146,22071,22072],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22074,163],{},[47,22076,22078],{"className":49,"code":22077,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22079,22080,22112,22126,22130,22144,22148,22167,22171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22081,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22083,9253],{"class":62},[56,22085,67],{"class":66},[56,22087,10579],{"class":70},[56,22089,181],{"class":180},[56,22091,2271],{"class":184},[56,22093,181],{"class":180},[56,22095,141],{"class":70},[56,22097,910],{"class":74},[56,22099,78],{"class":70},[56,22101,191],{"class":180},[56,22103,11831],{"class":184},[56,22105,181],{"class":180},[56,22107,141],{"class":70},[56,22109,81],{"class":74},[56,22111,9397],{"class":70},[56,22113,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22115,9303],{"class":62},[56,22117,67],{"class":66},[56,22119,14645],{"class":62},[56,22121,98],{"class":70},[56,22123,7900],{"class":101},[56,22125,105],{"class":70},[56,22127,22128],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22129,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22131,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,22133,112],{"class":111},[56,22135,115],{"class":70},[56,22137,1644],{"class":1545},[56,22139,115],{"class":70},[56,22141,9350],{"class":101},[56,22143,1553],{"class":70},[56,22145,22146],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,22147,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22149,22150,22152,22154,22156,22159,22161,22163,22165],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,22151,9292],{"class":62},[56,22153,251],{"class":70},[56,22155,181],{"class":180},[56,22157,22158],{"class":184},"z",[56,22160,181],{"class":180},[56,22162,13351],{"class":70},[56,22164,13354],{"class":66},[56,22166,2675],{"class":74},[56,22168,22169],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,22170,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22172,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,22174,112],{"class":111},[56,22176,115],{"class":70},[56,22178,1644],{"class":1545},[56,22180,115],{"class":70},[56,22182,9350],{"class":101},[56,22184,1553],{"class":70},[20,22186,22187],{},[540,22188,241],{},[47,22190,22192],{"className":49,"code":22191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22193,22194,22224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22195,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22197,21821],{"class":70},[56,22199,254],{"class":180},[56,22201,2271],{"class":184},[56,22203,254],{"class":180},[56,22205,78],{"class":70},[56,22207,910],{"class":74},[56,22209,9321],{"class":70},[56,22211,9324],{"class":70},[56,22213,254],{"class":180},[56,22215,11831],{"class":184},[56,22217,254],{"class":180},[56,22219,78],{"class":70},[56,22221,81],{"class":74},[56,22223,9337],{"class":70},[56,22225,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22227,21821],{"class":70},[56,22229,254],{"class":180},[56,22231,2271],{"class":184},[56,22233,254],{"class":180},[56,22235,78],{"class":70},[56,22237,910],{"class":74},[56,22239,9321],{"class":70},[56,22241,9324],{"class":70},[56,22243,254],{"class":180},[56,22245,11831],{"class":184},[56,22247,254],{"class":180},[56,22249,78],{"class":70},[56,22251,81],{"class":74},[56,22253,9321],{"class":70},[56,22255,9324],{"class":70},[56,22257,254],{"class":180},[56,22259,22158],{"class":184},[56,22261,254],{"class":180},[56,22263,78],{"class":70},[56,22265,86],{"class":74},[56,22267,9337],{"class":70},[20,22269,22270,22271,22273],{},"This happens because ",[15,22272,9350],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[42,22275,22277,22278],{"id":22276},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22279,17159],{},[20,22281,22282,22283,141],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22284,17159],{},[47,22286,22288],{"className":49,"code":22287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22289,22290,22343,22347,22367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22291,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22293,12944],{"class":62},[56,22295,67],{"class":66},[56,22297,10579],{"class":70},[56,22299,181],{"class":180},[56,22301,7759],{"class":184},[56,22303,181],{"class":180},[56,22305,141],{"class":70},[56,22307,191],{"class":180},[56,22309,8012],{"class":184},[56,22311,181],{"class":180},[56,22313,78],{"class":70},[56,22315,191],{"class":180},[56,22317,19971],{"class":184},[56,22319,181],{"class":180},[56,22321,141],{"class":70},[56,22323,191],{"class":180},[56,22325,22326],{"class":184},"A",[56,22328,181],{"class":180},[56,22330,78],{"class":70},[56,22332,191],{"class":180},[56,22334,9387],{"class":184},[56,22336,181],{"class":180},[56,22338,141],{"class":70},[56,22340,13936],{"class":74},[56,22342,9397],{"class":70},[56,22344,22345],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22346,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22348,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22350,6048],{"class":3965},[56,22352,21660],{"class":62},[56,22354,78],{"class":70},[56,22356,21665],{"class":62},[56,22358,3972],{"class":3965},[56,22360,12987],{"class":62},[56,22362,98],{"class":70},[56,22364,7900],{"class":101},[56,22366,21676],{"class":70},[56,22368,22369,22371,22373,22376,22378,22380,22382,22385,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,22370,8160],{"class":111},[56,22372,115],{"class":70},[56,22374,22375],{"class":1638},"f",[56,22377,181],{"class":184},[56,22379,9366],{"class":74},[56,22381,14920],{"class":101},[56,22383,22384],{"class":74},"}",[56,22386,22387],{"class":184},": ",[56,22389,9366],{"class":74},[56,22391,2570],{"class":101},[56,22393,22384],{"class":74},[56,22395,181],{"class":184},[56,22397,238],{"class":70},[20,22399,22400],{},[540,22401,241],{},[47,22403,22405],{"className":49,"code":22404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22406,22407,22416,22425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22408,22409,22411,22413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22410,7759],{"class":62},[56,22412,141],{"class":70},[56,22414,22415],{"class":62}," Mia\n",[56,22417,22418,22420,22422],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22419,19971],{"class":62},[56,22421,141],{"class":70},[56,22423,22424],{"class":62}," A\n",[56,22426,22427,22429,22431],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22428,9387],{"class":62},[56,22430,141],{"class":70},[56,22432,22433],{"class":74}," 14\n",[20,22435,22436],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[47,22438,22440],{"className":49,"code":22439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22441,22442,22494,22498,22510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22443,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22445,12944],{"class":62},[56,22447,67],{"class":66},[56,22449,10579],{"class":70},[56,22451,181],{"class":180},[56,22453,7759],{"class":184},[56,22455,181],{"class":180},[56,22457,141],{"class":70},[56,22459,191],{"class":180},[56,22461,8012],{"class":184},[56,22463,181],{"class":180},[56,22465,78],{"class":70},[56,22467,191],{"class":180},[56,22469,19971],{"class":184},[56,22471,181],{"class":180},[56,22473,141],{"class":70},[56,22475,191],{"class":180},[56,22477,22326],{"class":184},[56,22479,181],{"class":180},[56,22481,78],{"class":70},[56,22483,191],{"class":180},[56,22485,9387],{"class":184},[56,22487,181],{"class":180},[56,22489,141],{"class":70},[56,22491,13936],{"class":74},[56,22493,9397],{"class":70},[56,22495,22496],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22497,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22499,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22501,6048],{"class":3965},[56,22503,18289],{"class":62},[56,22505,3972],{"class":3965},[56,22507,12987],{"class":62},[56,22509,6484],{"class":70},[56,22511,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,22513,8160],{"class":111},[56,22515,115],{"class":70},[56,22517,22375],{"class":1638},[56,22519,181],{"class":184},[56,22521,9366],{"class":74},[56,22523,14920],{"class":101},[56,22525,22384],{"class":74},[56,22527,22387],{"class":184},[56,22529,9366],{"class":74},[56,22531,13704],{"class":101},[56,22533,251],{"class":70},[56,22535,14920],{"class":101},[56,22537,13351],{"class":70},[56,22539,22384],{"class":74},[56,22541,181],{"class":184},[56,22543,238],{"class":70},[20,22545,6599,22546,22549],{},[15,22547,22548],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22551,22552,22553,98],{},"For a full guide, see ",[36,22554,22556],{"href":22555},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[42,22558,22560],{"id":22559},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22562,22563],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[47,22565,22567],{"className":49,"code":22566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22568,22569,22628,22632,22651,22655],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22570,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22606,22608,22610,22612,22615,22617,22619,22621,22624,22626],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22572,334],{"class":62},[56,22574,67],{"class":66},[56,22576,10579],{"class":70},[56,22578,181],{"class":180},[56,22580,562],{"class":184},[56,22582,181],{"class":180},[56,22584,141],{"class":70},[56,22586,191],{"class":180},[56,22588,343],{"class":184},[56,22590,181],{"class":180},[56,22592,78],{"class":70},[56,22594,191],{"class":180},[56,22596,571],{"class":184},[56,22598,181],{"class":180},[56,22600,141],{"class":70},[56,22602,191],{"class":180},[56,22604,22605],{"class":184},"yellow",[56,22607,181],{"class":180},[56,22609,78],{"class":70},[56,22611,191],{"class":180},[56,22613,22614],{"class":184},"grape",[56,22616,181],{"class":180},[56,22618,141],{"class":70},[56,22620,191],{"class":180},[56,22622,22623],{"class":184},"purple",[56,22625,181],{"class":180},[56,22627,9397],{"class":70},[56,22629,22630],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22631,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22633,22634,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22635,22636],{"class":62},"pairs_list ",[56,22638,67],{"class":66},[56,22640,1878],{"class":1545},[56,22642,115],{"class":70},[56,22644,370],{"class":101},[56,22646,98],{"class":70},[56,22648,7900],{"class":101},[56,22650,7284],{"class":70},[56,22652,22653],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,22654,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22656,22657,22659,22661,22664],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,22658,112],{"class":111},[56,22660,115],{"class":70},[56,22662,22663],{"class":101},"pairs_list",[56,22665,238],{"class":70},[20,22667,22668],{},[540,22669,241],{},[47,22671,22673],{"className":49,"code":22672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22674,22675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22676,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22678,21821],{"class":70},[56,22680,254],{"class":180},[56,22682,562],{"class":184},[56,22684,254],{"class":180},[56,22686,78],{"class":70},[56,22688,263],{"class":180},[56,22690,343],{"class":184},[56,22692,254],{"class":180},[56,22694,9321],{"class":70},[56,22696,9324],{"class":70},[56,22698,254],{"class":180},[56,22700,571],{"class":184},[56,22702,254],{"class":180},[56,22704,78],{"class":70},[56,22706,263],{"class":180},[56,22708,22605],{"class":184},[56,22710,254],{"class":180},[56,22712,9321],{"class":70},[56,22714,9324],{"class":70},[56,22716,254],{"class":180},[56,22718,22614],{"class":184},[56,22720,254],{"class":180},[56,22722,78],{"class":70},[56,22724,263],{"class":180},[56,22726,22623],{"class":184},[56,22728,254],{"class":180},[56,22730,9337],{"class":70},[20,22732,22733],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22735,22736],{},"Use this when:",[143,22738,22739,22742,22745],{},[146,22740,22741],{},"You want clearer printed output",[146,22743,22744],{},"You need list behavior",[146,22746,22747],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[42,22749,22751,1021,22753,1021,22755],{"id":22750},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22752,17159],{},[15,22754,17146],{},[15,22756,17152],{},[20,22758,22759],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[143,22761,22762,22767,22772],{},[146,22763,22764,22766],{},[15,22765,17159],{}," gives both key and value",[146,22768,22769,22771],{},[15,22770,17146],{}," gives only keys",[146,22773,22774,22776],{},[15,22775,17152],{}," gives only values",[20,22778,163],{},[47,22780,22782],{"className":49,"code":22781,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22783,22784,22820,22824,22842,22860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22785,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22787,13282],{"class":62},[56,22789,67],{"class":66},[56,22791,10579],{"class":70},[56,22793,181],{"class":180},[56,22795,7759],{"class":184},[56,22797,181],{"class":180},[56,22799,141],{"class":70},[56,22801,191],{"class":180},[56,22803,12961],{"class":184},[56,22805,181],{"class":180},[56,22807,78],{"class":70},[56,22809,191],{"class":180},[56,22811,9387],{"class":184},[56,22813,181],{"class":180},[56,22815,141],{"class":70},[56,22817,9394],{"class":74},[56,22819,9397],{"class":70},[56,22821,22822],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22823,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,22825,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22827,112],{"class":111},[56,22829,115],{"class":70},[56,22831,1644],{"class":1545},[56,22833,115],{"class":70},[56,22835,17388],{"class":101},[56,22837,98],{"class":70},[56,22839,17004],{"class":101},[56,22841,6380],{"class":70},[56,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,22845,112],{"class":111},[56,22847,115],{"class":70},[56,22849,1644],{"class":1545},[56,22851,115],{"class":70},[56,22853,17388],{"class":101},[56,22855,98],{"class":70},[56,22857,5448],{"class":101},[56,22859,6380],{"class":70},[56,22861,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,22863,112],{"class":111},[56,22865,115],{"class":70},[56,22867,1644],{"class":1545},[56,22869,115],{"class":70},[56,22871,17388],{"class":101},[56,22873,98],{"class":70},[56,22875,7900],{"class":101},[56,22877,6380],{"class":70},[20,22879,22880],{},[540,22881,241],{},[47,22883,22885],{"className":49,"code":22884,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22886,22887,22907,22923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22888,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22890,251],{"class":70},[56,22892,254],{"class":180},[56,22894,7759],{"class":184},[56,22896,254],{"class":180},[56,22898,78],{"class":70},[56,22900,263],{"class":180},[56,22902,9387],{"class":184},[56,22904,254],{"class":180},[56,22906,89],{"class":70},[56,22908,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,22910,251],{"class":70},[56,22912,254],{"class":180},[56,22914,12961],{"class":184},[56,22916,254],{"class":180},[56,22918,78],{"class":70},[56,22920,9394],{"class":74},[56,22922,89],{"class":70},[56,22924,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,22926,21821],{"class":70},[56,22928,254],{"class":180},[56,22930,7759],{"class":184},[56,22932,254],{"class":180},[56,22934,78],{"class":70},[56,22936,263],{"class":180},[56,22938,12961],{"class":184},[56,22940,254],{"class":180},[56,22942,9321],{"class":70},[56,22944,9324],{"class":70},[56,22946,254],{"class":180},[56,22948,9387],{"class":184},[56,22950,254],{"class":180},[56,22952,78],{"class":70},[56,22954,9394],{"class":74},[56,22956,9337],{"class":70},[20,22958,22959],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[143,22961,22962,22970,22978],{},[146,22963,22964,22965],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[36,22966,22968],{"href":22967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22969,17146],{},[146,22971,22972,22973],{},"Need just values? Use ",[36,22974,22976],{"href":22975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22977,17152],{},[146,22979,22980,22981],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22982,17159],{},[42,22984,1389,22986],{"id":22985},"when-to-use-items",[15,22987,17159],{},[20,22989,22990,22992],{},[15,22991,17159],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[143,22994,22995,22998,23001,23004,23007],{},[146,22996,22997],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[146,22999,23000],{},"Building formatted output",[146,23002,23003],{},"Looping through settings and values",[146,23005,23006],{},"Showing names with scores",[146,23008,23009],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23011,163],{},[47,23013,23015],{"className":49,"code":23014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23016,23017,23025,23043,23062,23074,23078,23082,23103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23018,23019,23021,23023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23020,13904],{"class":62},[56,23022,67],{"class":66},[56,23024,11579],{"class":70},[56,23026,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23028,11584],{"class":180},[56,23030,12578],{"class":184},[56,23032,181],{"class":180},[56,23034,141],{"class":70},[56,23036,191],{"class":180},[56,23038,12587],{"class":184},[56,23040,181],{"class":180},[56,23042,11600],{"class":70},[56,23044,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23058,23060],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23046,11584],{"class":180},[56,23048,20203],{"class":184},[56,23050,181],{"class":180},[56,23052,141],{"class":70},[56,23054,191],{"class":180},[56,23056,23057],{"class":184},"English",[56,23059,181],{"class":180},[56,23061,11600],{"class":70},[56,23063,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23065,11584],{"class":180},[56,23067,18605],{"class":184},[56,23069,181],{"class":180},[56,23071,141],{"class":70},[56,23073,6513],{"class":893},[56,23075,23076],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,23077,9397],{"class":70},[56,23079,23080],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,23081,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23083,23084,23086,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,23085,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23087,23088],{"class":62}," setting",[56,23090,78],{"class":70},[56,23092,21665],{"class":62},[56,23094,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23096,13948],{"class":62},[56,23098,98],{"class":70},[56,23100,7900],{"class":101},[56,23102,21676],{"class":70},[56,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23118,23120,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,23106,8160],{"class":111},[56,23108,115],{"class":70},[56,23110,22375],{"class":1638},[56,23112,181],{"class":184},[56,23114,9366],{"class":74},[56,23116,23117],{"class":101},"setting",[56,23119,22384],{"class":74},[56,23121,23122],{"class":184}," = ",[56,23124,9366],{"class":74},[56,23126,2570],{"class":101},[56,23128,22384],{"class":74},[56,23130,181],{"class":184},[56,23132,238],{"class":70},[20,23134,23135],{},[540,23136,241],{},[47,23138,23140],{"className":49,"code":23139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23141,23142,23152,23162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23143,23144,23147,23149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23145,23146],{"class":62},"theme ",[56,23148,67],{"class":66},[56,23150,23151],{"class":62}," dark\n",[56,23153,23154,23157,23159],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23155,23156],{"class":62},"language ",[56,23158,67],{"class":66},[56,23160,23161],{"class":62}," English\n",[56,23163,23164,23167,23169],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23165,23166],{"class":62},"notifications ",[56,23168,67],{"class":66},[56,23170,6513],{"class":893},[42,23172,1418],{"id":1417},[20,23174,23175,23176,98],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23177,17159],{},[1030,23179,23181,23182,23184],{"id":23180},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23183,17159],{}," incorrectly",[20,23186,23187,23188,23190,23191,23194],{},"Each result from ",[15,23189,17159],{}," has ",[540,23192,23193],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23196,6777],{},[47,23198,23199],{"className":49,"code":21611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,23200,23201,23237,23241,23261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23202,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23204,13282],{"class":62},[56,23206,67],{"class":66},[56,23208,10579],{"class":70},[56,23210,181],{"class":180},[56,23212,7759],{"class":184},[56,23214,181],{"class":180},[56,23216,141],{"class":70},[56,23218,191],{"class":180},[56,23220,12961],{"class":184},[56,23222,181],{"class":180},[56,23224,78],{"class":70},[56,23226,191],{"class":180},[56,23228,9387],{"class":184},[56,23230,181],{"class":180},[56,23232,141],{"class":70},[56,23234,9394],{"class":74},[56,23236,9397],{"class":70},[56,23238,23239],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23240,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23242,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23244,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23246,21660],{"class":62},[56,23248,78],{"class":70},[56,23250,21665],{"class":62},[56,23252,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23254,13325],{"class":62},[56,23256,98],{"class":70},[56,23258,7900],{"class":101},[56,23260,21676],{"class":70},[56,23262,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23264,8160],{"class":111},[56,23266,115],{"class":70},[56,23268,14920],{"class":101},[56,23270,78],{"class":70},[56,23272,8521],{"class":101},[56,23274,238],{"class":70},[20,23276,23277],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[47,23279,23281],{"className":49,"code":23280,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23282,23283,23319,23323,23339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23284,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23286,13282],{"class":62},[56,23288,67],{"class":66},[56,23290,10579],{"class":70},[56,23292,181],{"class":180},[56,23294,7759],{"class":184},[56,23296,181],{"class":180},[56,23298,141],{"class":70},[56,23300,191],{"class":180},[56,23302,12961],{"class":184},[56,23304,181],{"class":180},[56,23306,78],{"class":70},[56,23308,191],{"class":180},[56,23310,9387],{"class":184},[56,23312,181],{"class":180},[56,23314,141],{"class":70},[56,23316,9394],{"class":74},[56,23318,9397],{"class":70},[56,23320,23321],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23322,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23324,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23326,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23328,18289],{"class":62},[56,23330,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23332,13325],{"class":62},[56,23334,98],{"class":70},[56,23336,7900],{"class":101},[56,23338,21676],{"class":70},[56,23340,23341,23343,23345,23347],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23342,8160],{"class":111},[56,23344,115],{"class":70},[56,23346,14920],{"class":101},[56,23348,238],{"class":70},[20,23350,23351,23352,23354,23355,23358],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23353,14920],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23356,23357],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23360,23361],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[47,23363,23365],{"className":49,"code":23364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23366,23367,23383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23368,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23370,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23372,6051],{"class":62},[56,23374,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23376,13325],{"class":62},[56,23378,98],{"class":70},[56,23380,7900],{"class":101},[56,23382,21676],{"class":70},[56,23384,23385,23387,23389,23392],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23386,8160],{"class":111},[56,23388,115],{"class":70},[56,23390,23391],{"class":101},"item",[56,23393,238],{"class":70},[20,23395,23396],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[47,23398,23400],{"className":49,"code":23399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23401,23402,23422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23403,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23405,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23407,21660],{"class":62},[56,23409,78],{"class":70},[56,23411,21665],{"class":62},[56,23413,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23415,13325],{"class":62},[56,23417,98],{"class":70},[56,23419,7900],{"class":101},[56,23421,21676],{"class":70},[56,23423,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23425,8160],{"class":111},[56,23427,115],{"class":70},[56,23429,14920],{"class":101},[56,23431,78],{"class":70},[56,23433,8521],{"class":101},[56,23435,238],{"class":70},[1030,23437,1435,23439,23441],{"id":23438},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23440,17159],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23443,23444,22056,23446,23448],{},[15,23445,17159],{},[15,23447,21989],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23450,23451],{},"Check it:",[47,23453,23455],{"className":49,"code":23454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23456,23457,23489,23493,23507,23525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23458,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23460,11810],{"class":62},[56,23462,67],{"class":66},[56,23464,10579],{"class":70},[56,23466,181],{"class":180},[56,23468,36],{"class":184},[56,23470,181],{"class":180},[56,23472,141],{"class":70},[56,23474,910],{"class":74},[56,23476,78],{"class":70},[56,23478,191],{"class":180},[56,23480,194],{"class":184},[56,23482,181],{"class":180},[56,23484,141],{"class":70},[56,23486,81],{"class":74},[56,23488,9397],{"class":70},[56,23490,23491],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23492,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23494,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23496,112],{"class":111},[56,23498,115],{"class":70},[56,23500,11537],{"class":101},[56,23502,98],{"class":70},[56,23504,7900],{"class":101},[56,23506,7284],{"class":70},[56,23508,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23510,112],{"class":111},[56,23512,115],{"class":70},[56,23514,1546],{"class":1545},[56,23516,115],{"class":70},[56,23518,11537],{"class":101},[56,23520,98],{"class":70},[56,23522,7900],{"class":101},[56,23524,6380],{"class":70},[56,23526,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,23528,112],{"class":111},[56,23530,115],{"class":70},[56,23532,1644],{"class":1545},[56,23534,115],{"class":70},[56,23536,11537],{"class":101},[56,23538,98],{"class":70},[56,23540,7900],{"class":101},[56,23542,6380],{"class":70},[20,23544,23545],{},[540,23546,241],{},[47,23548,23550],{"className":49,"code":23549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23551,23552,23584,23598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23553,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23555,21989],{"class":101},[56,23557,9746],{"class":70},[56,23559,254],{"class":180},[56,23561,36],{"class":184},[56,23563,254],{"class":180},[56,23565,78],{"class":70},[56,23567,910],{"class":74},[56,23569,9321],{"class":70},[56,23571,9324],{"class":70},[56,23573,254],{"class":180},[56,23575,194],{"class":184},[56,23577,254],{"class":180},[56,23579,78],{"class":70},[56,23581,81],{"class":74},[56,23583,10767],{"class":70},[56,23585,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23587,1635],{"class":66},[56,23589,1639],{"class":1638},[56,23591,263],{"class":180},[56,23593,21989],{"class":184},[56,23595,254],{"class":180},[56,23597,1649],{"class":66},[56,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23601,21821],{"class":70},[56,23603,254],{"class":180},[56,23605,36],{"class":184},[56,23607,254],{"class":180},[56,23609,78],{"class":70},[56,23611,910],{"class":74},[56,23613,9321],{"class":70},[56,23615,9324],{"class":70},[56,23617,254],{"class":180},[56,23619,194],{"class":184},[56,23621,254],{"class":180},[56,23623,78],{"class":70},[56,23625,81],{"class":74},[56,23627,9337],{"class":70},[1030,23629,23631,23632],{"id":23630},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23633,17159],{},[20,23635,23636],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23638,23639],{},"Problem example:",[47,23641,23643],{"className":49,"code":23642,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23644,23645,23689,23693,23713,23725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23648,63],{"class":62},[56,23650,67],{"class":66},[56,23652,10579],{"class":70},[56,23654,181],{"class":180},[56,23656,36],{"class":184},[56,23658,181],{"class":180},[56,23660,141],{"class":70},[56,23662,910],{"class":74},[56,23664,78],{"class":70},[56,23666,191],{"class":180},[56,23668,194],{"class":184},[56,23670,181],{"class":180},[56,23672,141],{"class":70},[56,23674,81],{"class":74},[56,23676,78],{"class":70},[56,23678,191],{"class":180},[56,23680,203],{"class":184},[56,23682,181],{"class":180},[56,23684,141],{"class":70},[56,23686,86],{"class":74},[56,23688,9397],{"class":70},[56,23690,23691],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23692,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23694,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23696,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23698,21660],{"class":62},[56,23700,78],{"class":70},[56,23702,21665],{"class":62},[56,23704,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23706,850],{"class":62},[56,23708,98],{"class":70},[56,23710,7900],{"class":101},[56,23712,21676],{"class":70},[56,23714,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23716,6489],{"class":3965},[56,23718,21665],{"class":62},[56,23720,4776],{"class":66},[56,23722,81],{"class":74},[56,23724,6484],{"class":70},[56,23726,23727,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,23728,23729],{"class":62},"        numbers",[56,23731,251],{"class":70},[56,23733,181],{"class":180},[56,23735,212],{"class":184},[56,23737,181],{"class":180},[56,23739,13351],{"class":70},[56,23741,13354],{"class":66},[56,23743,23744],{"class":74}," 4\n",[20,23746,23747],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23749,23750],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[47,23752,23754],{"className":49,"code":23753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23755,23756,23800,23804,23829,23841,23859,23863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23757,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23759,63],{"class":62},[56,23761,67],{"class":66},[56,23763,10579],{"class":70},[56,23765,181],{"class":180},[56,23767,36],{"class":184},[56,23769,181],{"class":180},[56,23771,141],{"class":70},[56,23773,910],{"class":74},[56,23775,78],{"class":70},[56,23777,191],{"class":180},[56,23779,194],{"class":184},[56,23781,181],{"class":180},[56,23783,141],{"class":70},[56,23785,81],{"class":74},[56,23787,78],{"class":70},[56,23789,191],{"class":180},[56,23791,203],{"class":184},[56,23793,181],{"class":180},[56,23795,141],{"class":70},[56,23797,86],{"class":74},[56,23799,9397],{"class":70},[56,23801,23802],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23803,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23805,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23807,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23809,21660],{"class":62},[56,23811,78],{"class":70},[56,23813,21665],{"class":62},[56,23815,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23817,1878],{"class":1545},[56,23819,115],{"class":70},[56,23821,95],{"class":101},[56,23823,98],{"class":70},[56,23825,7900],{"class":101},[56,23827,23828],{"class":70},"()):\n",[56,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23832,6489],{"class":3965},[56,23834,21665],{"class":62},[56,23836,4776],{"class":66},[56,23838,81],{"class":74},[56,23840,6484],{"class":70},[56,23842,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,23844,23729],{"class":62},[56,23846,251],{"class":70},[56,23848,181],{"class":180},[56,23850,212],{"class":184},[56,23852,181],{"class":180},[56,23854,13351],{"class":70},[56,23856,13354],{"class":66},[56,23858,23744],{"class":74},[56,23860,23861],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,23862,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23864,23865,23867,23869,23871],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,23866,112],{"class":111},[56,23868,115],{"class":70},[56,23870,95],{"class":101},[56,23872,238],{"class":70},[1030,23874,23876],{"id":23875},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23878,23879],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[47,23881,23883],{"className":49,"code":23882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23884,23885,23917,23921,23937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23886,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23888,9253],{"class":62},[56,23890,67],{"class":66},[56,23892,10579],{"class":70},[56,23894,181],{"class":180},[56,23896,2271],{"class":184},[56,23898,181],{"class":180},[56,23900,141],{"class":70},[56,23902,508],{"class":74},[56,23904,78],{"class":70},[56,23906,191],{"class":180},[56,23908,11831],{"class":184},[56,23910,181],{"class":180},[56,23912,141],{"class":70},[56,23914,449],{"class":74},[56,23916,9397],{"class":70},[56,23918,23919],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23920,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,23922,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,23924,6048],{"class":3965},[56,23926,6051],{"class":62},[56,23928,3972],{"class":3965},[56,23930,14645],{"class":62},[56,23932,98],{"class":70},[56,23934,7900],{"class":101},[56,23936,21676],{"class":70},[56,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,23940,8160],{"class":111},[56,23942,115],{"class":70},[56,23944,23391],{"class":101},[56,23946,238],{"class":70},[20,23948,23949],{},[540,23950,241],{},[47,23952,23954],{"className":49,"code":23953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23955,23956,23972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23957,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23959,115],{"class":70},[56,23961,254],{"class":180},[56,23963,2271],{"class":184},[56,23965,254],{"class":180},[56,23967,78],{"class":70},[56,23969,508],{"class":74},[56,23971,238],{"class":70},[56,23973,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,23975,115],{"class":70},[56,23977,254],{"class":180},[56,23979,11831],{"class":184},[56,23981,254],{"class":180},[56,23983,78],{"class":70},[56,23985,449],{"class":74},[56,23987,238],{"class":70},[20,23989,23990,23991,23993],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23992,21736],{}," pair.",[42,23995,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,23997,23999,24000,5233],{"id":23998},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24001,17159],{},[20,24003,17503,24004,24006],{},[15,24005,21989],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1030,24008,1892,24010,24012],{"id":24009},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24011,17159],{}," return a list?",[20,24014,24015,24016,24019],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24017,24018],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1030,24021,24023,24024,1911],{"id":24022},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24025,17159],{},[20,24027,24028],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[47,24030,24032],{"className":49,"code":24031,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24033,24034,24054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24035,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24037,6048],{"class":3965},[56,24039,21660],{"class":62},[56,24041,78],{"class":70},[56,24043,21665],{"class":62},[56,24045,3972],{"class":3965},[56,24047,11852],{"class":62},[56,24049,98],{"class":70},[56,24051,7900],{"class":101},[56,24053,21676],{"class":70},[56,24055,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24057,8160],{"class":111},[56,24059,115],{"class":70},[56,24061,14920],{"class":101},[56,24063,78],{"class":70},[56,24065,8521],{"class":101},[56,24067,238],{"class":70},[1030,24069,1892,24071,24073],{"id":24070},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24072,17159],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24075,24076],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[42,24078,1996],{"id":1995},[143,24080,24081,24087,24093,24098,24102],{},[146,24082,24083],{},[36,24084,10825,24085,1384],{"href":22967},[15,24086,17146],{},[146,24088,24089],{},[36,24090,10825,24091,1384],{"href":22975},[15,24092,17152],{},[146,24094,24095],{},[36,24096,24097],{"href":22555},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[146,24099,24100],{},[36,24101,9243],{"href":13104},[146,24103,24104],{},[36,24105,24106],{"href":21859},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2028,24108,24109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":24111},[24112,24113,24115,24116,24117,24119,24120,24122,24124,24133,24143],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":21719,"depth":92,"text":24114},"What items() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":22050,"depth":92,"text":22051},{"id":22276,"depth":92,"text":24118},"Looping with items()",{"id":22559,"depth":92,"text":22560},{"id":22750,"depth":92,"text":24121},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22985,"depth":92,"text":24123},"When to use items()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":24125},[24126,24128,24130,24132],{"id":23180,"depth":108,"text":24127},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23438,"depth":108,"text":24129},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23630,"depth":108,"text":24131},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23875,"depth":108,"text":23876},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":24134},[24135,24137,24139,24141],{"id":23998,"depth":108,"text":24136},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24009,"depth":108,"text":24138},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24022,"depth":108,"text":24140},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24070,"depth":108,"text":24142},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21587,"description":24144},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24151,"title":24152,"body":24153,"description":26244,"extension":2062,"meta":26245,"navigation":600,"path":22967,"seo":26246,"stem":26247,"__hash__":26248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24154,"toc":26210},[24155,24160,24166,24169,24180,24187,24189,24272,24276,24323,24328,24333,24338,24340,24356,24358,24457,24461,24518,24521,24523,24526,24619,24623,24686,24689,24705,24710,24712,24714,24729,24731,24742,24744,24787,24790,24834,24837,24839,24846,24849,24866,24868,24961,24965,25006,25018,25022,25025,25113,25117,25137,25140,25167,25174,25179,25183,25194,25196,25300,25304,25330,25333,25400,25405,25408,25431,25436,25440,25445,25451,25456,25458,25513,25517,25544,25551,25557,25560,25585,25591,25617,25620,25695,25702,25707,25709,25748,25766,25770,25773,25816,25819,25821,25840,25842,25847,25872,25875,25945,25948,26021,26025,26027,26088,26091,26107,26109,26114,26119,26126,26135,26141,26147,26154,26160,26164,26169,26171,26207],[10,24156,11407,24158,18],{"id":24157},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24159,17146],{},[20,24161,24162,24163,24165],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24164,17146],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24167,24168],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[143,24170,24171,24174,24177],{},[146,24172,24173],{},"view the available keys",[146,24175,24176],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[146,24178,24179],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24181,24182,24184,24185,98],{},[15,24183,17146],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24186,17095],{},[42,24188,2104],{"id":2103},[47,24190,24192],{"className":49,"code":24191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24193,24194,24230,24244,24248,24258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24195,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24197,12944],{"class":62},[56,24199,67],{"class":66},[56,24201,10579],{"class":70},[56,24203,181],{"class":180},[56,24205,7759],{"class":184},[56,24207,181],{"class":180},[56,24209,141],{"class":70},[56,24211,191],{"class":180},[56,24213,12961],{"class":184},[56,24215,181],{"class":180},[56,24217,78],{"class":70},[56,24219,191],{"class":180},[56,24221,9387],{"class":184},[56,24223,181],{"class":180},[56,24225,141],{"class":70},[56,24227,449],{"class":74},[56,24229,9397],{"class":70},[56,24231,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24233,17323],{"class":62},[56,24235,67],{"class":66},[56,24237,12987],{"class":62},[56,24239,98],{"class":70},[56,24241,17004],{"class":101},[56,24243,105],{"class":70},[56,24245,24246],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,24247,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24249,24250,24252,24254,24256],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,24251,112],{"class":111},[56,24253,115],{"class":70},[56,24255,17004],{"class":101},[56,24257,238],{"class":70},[56,24259,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,24261,112],{"class":111},[56,24263,115],{"class":70},[56,24265,1644],{"class":1545},[56,24267,115],{"class":70},[56,24269,17004],{"class":101},[56,24271,1553],{"class":70},[20,24273,24274],{},[540,24275,241],{},[47,24277,24279],{"className":49,"code":24278,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24280,24281,24303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24282,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24284,17095],{"class":101},[56,24286,3084],{"class":70},[56,24288,254],{"class":180},[56,24290,7759],{"class":184},[56,24292,254],{"class":180},[56,24294,78],{"class":70},[56,24296,263],{"class":180},[56,24298,9387],{"class":184},[56,24300,254],{"class":180},[56,24302,1607],{"class":70},[56,24304,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24306,251],{"class":70},[56,24308,254],{"class":180},[56,24310,7759],{"class":184},[56,24312,254],{"class":180},[56,24314,78],{"class":70},[56,24316,263],{"class":180},[56,24318,9387],{"class":184},[56,24320,254],{"class":180},[56,24322,89],{"class":70},[20,24324,650,24325,24327],{},[15,24326,17146],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[42,24329,133,24331,136],{"id":24330},"what-keys-does",[15,24332,17146],{},[20,24334,24335,24337],{},[15,24336,17146],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24339,11546],{},[143,24341,24342,24345,24348,24353],{},[146,24343,24344],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[146,24346,24347],{},"It does not need any arguments",[146,24349,17503,24350,24352],{},[15,24351,17095],{}," view object, not a list",[146,24354,24355],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24357,163],{},[47,24359,24361],{"className":49,"code":24360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24362,24363,24399,24403,24417,24421,24443],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24364,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24366,13282],{"class":62},[56,24368,67],{"class":66},[56,24370,10579],{"class":70},[56,24372,181],{"class":180},[56,24374,7759],{"class":184},[56,24376,181],{"class":180},[56,24378,141],{"class":70},[56,24380,191],{"class":180},[56,24382,13299],{"class":184},[56,24384,181],{"class":180},[56,24386,78],{"class":70},[56,24388,191],{"class":180},[56,24390,9387],{"class":184},[56,24392,181],{"class":180},[56,24394,141],{"class":70},[56,24396,9394],{"class":74},[56,24398,9397],{"class":70},[56,24400,24401],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24402,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24404,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,24406,112],{"class":111},[56,24408,115],{"class":70},[56,24410,17388],{"class":101},[56,24412,98],{"class":70},[56,24414,17004],{"class":101},[56,24416,7284],{"class":70},[56,24418,24419],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,24420,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,24424,17388],{"class":62},[56,24426,251],{"class":70},[56,24428,181],{"class":180},[56,24430,10497],{"class":184},[56,24432,181],{"class":180},[56,24434,13351],{"class":70},[56,24436,13354],{"class":66},[56,24438,191],{"class":180},[56,24440,10504],{"class":184},[56,24442,1476],{"class":180},[56,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,24446,112],{"class":111},[56,24448,115],{"class":70},[56,24450,17388],{"class":101},[56,24452,98],{"class":70},[56,24454,17004],{"class":101},[56,24456,7284],{"class":70},[20,24458,24459],{},[540,24460,241],{},[47,24462,24464],{"className":49,"code":24463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24465,24466,24488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24467,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24469,17095],{"class":101},[56,24471,3084],{"class":70},[56,24473,254],{"class":180},[56,24475,7759],{"class":184},[56,24477,254],{"class":180},[56,24479,78],{"class":70},[56,24481,263],{"class":180},[56,24483,9387],{"class":184},[56,24485,254],{"class":180},[56,24487,1607],{"class":70},[56,24489,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24491,17095],{"class":101},[56,24493,3084],{"class":70},[56,24495,254],{"class":180},[56,24497,7759],{"class":184},[56,24499,254],{"class":180},[56,24501,78],{"class":70},[56,24503,263],{"class":180},[56,24505,9387],{"class":184},[56,24507,254],{"class":180},[56,24509,78],{"class":70},[56,24511,263],{"class":180},[56,24513,10497],{"class":184},[56,24515,254],{"class":180},[56,24517,1607],{"class":70},[20,24519,24520],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[42,24522,5877],{"id":5876},[20,24524,24525],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[47,24527,24529],{"className":49,"code":24528,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24530,24531,24583,24587,24601],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24534,9253],{"class":62},[56,24536,67],{"class":66},[56,24538,10579],{"class":70},[56,24540,181],{"class":180},[56,24542,7759],{"class":184},[56,24544,181],{"class":180},[56,24546,141],{"class":70},[56,24548,191],{"class":180},[56,24550,12961],{"class":184},[56,24552,181],{"class":180},[56,24554,78],{"class":70},[56,24556,191],{"class":180},[56,24558,9387],{"class":184},[56,24560,181],{"class":180},[56,24562,141],{"class":70},[56,24564,449],{"class":74},[56,24566,78],{"class":70},[56,24568,191],{"class":180},[56,24570,19971],{"class":184},[56,24572,181],{"class":180},[56,24574,141],{"class":70},[56,24576,191],{"class":180},[56,24578,22326],{"class":184},[56,24580,181],{"class":180},[56,24582,9397],{"class":70},[56,24584,24585],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24586,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24588,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,24590,112],{"class":111},[56,24592,115],{"class":70},[56,24594,9292],{"class":101},[56,24596,98],{"class":70},[56,24598,17004],{"class":101},[56,24600,7284],{"class":70},[56,24602,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,24604,112],{"class":111},[56,24606,115],{"class":70},[56,24608,1644],{"class":1545},[56,24610,115],{"class":70},[56,24612,9292],{"class":101},[56,24614,98],{"class":70},[56,24616,17004],{"class":101},[56,24618,6380],{"class":70},[20,24620,24621],{},[540,24622,241],{},[47,24624,24626],{"className":49,"code":24625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24627,24628,24658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24629,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24631,17095],{"class":101},[56,24633,3084],{"class":70},[56,24635,254],{"class":180},[56,24637,7759],{"class":184},[56,24639,254],{"class":180},[56,24641,78],{"class":70},[56,24643,263],{"class":180},[56,24645,9387],{"class":184},[56,24647,254],{"class":180},[56,24649,78],{"class":70},[56,24651,263],{"class":180},[56,24653,19971],{"class":184},[56,24655,254],{"class":180},[56,24657,1607],{"class":70},[56,24659,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24661,251],{"class":70},[56,24663,254],{"class":180},[56,24665,7759],{"class":184},[56,24667,254],{"class":180},[56,24669,78],{"class":70},[56,24671,263],{"class":180},[56,24673,9387],{"class":184},[56,24675,254],{"class":180},[56,24677,78],{"class":70},[56,24679,263],{"class":180},[56,24681,19971],{"class":184},[56,24683,254],{"class":180},[56,24685,89],{"class":70},[20,24687,24688],{},"This shows two things:",[143,24690,24691,24699],{},[146,24692,24693,22056,24696,24698],{},[15,24694,24695],{},"data.keys()",[15,24697,17095],{}," object",[146,24700,24701,24704],{},[15,24702,24703],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24706,9239,24707,98],{},[36,24708,24709],{"href":9479},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[42,24711,5521],{"id":5520},[20,24713,292],{},[47,24715,24717],{"className":49,"code":24716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24718,24719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24720,24721,24723,24725,24727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24722,11537],{"class":62},[56,24724,98],{"class":70},[56,24726,17004],{"class":101},[56,24728,105],{"class":70},[20,24730,21881],{},[143,24732,24733,24736,24739],{},[146,24734,24735],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[146,24737,24738],{},"It takes no parameters",[146,24740,24741],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24743,16736],{},[47,24745,24747],{"className":49,"code":24746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24748,24749,24773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24750,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24752,12944],{"class":62},[56,24754,67],{"class":66},[56,24756,10579],{"class":70},[56,24758,181],{"class":180},[56,24760,7759],{"class":184},[56,24762,181],{"class":180},[56,24764,141],{"class":70},[56,24766,191],{"class":180},[56,24768,12961],{"class":184},[56,24770,181],{"class":180},[56,24772,9397],{"class":70},[56,24774,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24776,112],{"class":111},[56,24778,115],{"class":70},[56,24780,13704],{"class":101},[56,24782,98],{"class":70},[56,24784,17004],{"class":101},[56,24786,7284],{"class":70},[20,24788,24789],{},"Incorrect:",[47,24791,24793],{"className":49,"code":24792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24794,24795,24819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24796,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24798,12944],{"class":62},[56,24800,67],{"class":66},[56,24802,10579],{"class":70},[56,24804,181],{"class":180},[56,24806,7759],{"class":184},[56,24808,181],{"class":180},[56,24810,141],{"class":70},[56,24812,191],{"class":180},[56,24814,12961],{"class":184},[56,24816,181],{"class":180},[56,24818,9397],{"class":70},[56,24820,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24832],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24822,112],{"class":111},[56,24824,115],{"class":70},[56,24826,13704],{"class":101},[56,24828,98],{"class":70},[56,24830,17004],{"class":24831},"skxfh",[56,24833,238],{"class":70},[20,24835,24836],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[42,24838,17500],{"id":17499},[20,24840,24841,22056,24843,24845],{},[15,24842,17146],{},[15,24844,17095],{}," object.",[20,24847,24848],{},"This object:",[143,24850,24851,24854,24857,24863],{},[146,24852,24853],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[146,24855,24856],{},"can be used in a loop",[146,24858,24859,24860],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24861,24862],{},"list()",[146,24864,24865],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24867,163],{},[47,24869,24871],{"className":49,"code":24870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24872,24873,24914,24918,24933,24937,24947],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24874,24875,24878,24880,24882,24884,24887,24889,24891,24893,24896,24898,24900,24902,24905,24907,24909,24912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24876,24877],{"class":62},"car ",[56,24879,67],{"class":66},[56,24881,10579],{"class":70},[56,24883,181],{"class":180},[56,24885,24886],{"class":184},"brand",[56,24888,181],{"class":180},[56,24890,141],{"class":70},[56,24892,191],{"class":180},[56,24894,24895],{"class":184},"Toyota",[56,24897,181],{"class":180},[56,24899,78],{"class":70},[56,24901,191],{"class":180},[56,24903,24904],{"class":184},"year",[56,24906,181],{"class":180},[56,24908,141],{"class":70},[56,24910,24911],{"class":74}," 2020",[56,24913,9397],{"class":70},[56,24915,24916],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24917,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24919,24920,24922,24924,24927,24929,24931],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,24921,1156],{"class":62},[56,24923,67],{"class":66},[56,24925,24926],{"class":62}," car",[56,24928,98],{"class":70},[56,24930,17004],{"class":101},[56,24932,105],{"class":70},[56,24934,24935],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,24936,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,24938,24939,24941,24943,24945],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,24940,112],{"class":111},[56,24942,115],{"class":70},[56,24944,1190],{"class":101},[56,24946,238],{"class":70},[56,24948,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,24950,112],{"class":111},[56,24952,115],{"class":70},[56,24954,1546],{"class":1545},[56,24956,115],{"class":70},[56,24958,1190],{"class":101},[56,24960,1553],{"class":70},[20,24962,24963],{},[540,24964,241],{},[47,24966,24968],{"className":49,"code":24967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24969,24970,24992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24971,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24973,17095],{"class":101},[56,24975,3084],{"class":70},[56,24977,254],{"class":180},[56,24979,24886],{"class":184},[56,24981,254],{"class":180},[56,24983,78],{"class":70},[56,24985,263],{"class":180},[56,24987,24904],{"class":184},[56,24989,254],{"class":180},[56,24991,1607],{"class":70},[56,24993,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,24995,1635],{"class":66},[56,24997,1639],{"class":1638},[56,24999,263],{"class":180},[56,25001,17095],{"class":184},[56,25003,254],{"class":180},[56,25005,1649],{"class":66},[20,25007,25008,25009,25013,25014,98],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[36,25010,10825,25011,1384],{"href":17149},[15,25012,17152],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[36,25015,10825,25016,1384],{"href":17156},[15,25017,17159],{},[42,25019,25021],{"id":25020},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25023,25024],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[47,25026,25028],{"className":49,"code":25027,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25029,25030,25083,25087,25103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25031,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25079,25081],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25033,12944],{"class":62},[56,25035,67],{"class":66},[56,25037,10579],{"class":70},[56,25039,181],{"class":180},[56,25041,7759],{"class":184},[56,25043,181],{"class":180},[56,25045,141],{"class":70},[56,25047,191],{"class":180},[56,25049,12961],{"class":184},[56,25051,181],{"class":180},[56,25053,78],{"class":70},[56,25055,191],{"class":180},[56,25057,9387],{"class":184},[56,25059,181],{"class":180},[56,25061,141],{"class":70},[56,25063,449],{"class":74},[56,25065,78],{"class":70},[56,25067,191],{"class":180},[56,25069,15408],{"class":184},[56,25071,181],{"class":180},[56,25073,141],{"class":70},[56,25075,191],{"class":180},[56,25077,25078],{"class":184},"Math",[56,25080,181],{"class":180},[56,25082,9397],{"class":70},[56,25084,25085],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25086,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25090,6048],{"class":3965},[56,25092,18289],{"class":62},[56,25094,3972],{"class":3965},[56,25096,12987],{"class":62},[56,25098,98],{"class":70},[56,25100,17004],{"class":101},[56,25102,21676],{"class":70},[56,25104,25105,25107,25109,25111],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,25106,8160],{"class":111},[56,25108,115],{"class":70},[56,25110,14920],{"class":101},[56,25112,238],{"class":70},[20,25114,25115],{},[540,25116,241],{},[47,25118,25120],{"className":49,"code":25119,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25121,25122,25127,25132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25123,25124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25125,25126],{"class":62},"name\n",[56,25128,25129],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25130,25131],{"class":62},"age\n",[56,25133,25134],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25135,25136],{"class":62},"course\n",[20,25138,25139],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[47,25141,25143],{"className":49,"code":25142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25144,25145,25157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25146,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25148,6048],{"class":3965},[56,25150,18289],{"class":62},[56,25152,3972],{"class":3965},[56,25154,12987],{"class":62},[56,25156,6484],{"class":70},[56,25158,25159,25161,25163,25165],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25160,8160],{"class":111},[56,25162,115],{"class":70},[56,25164,14920],{"class":101},[56,25166,238],{"class":70},[20,25168,25169,25170,25173],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25171,25172],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[42,25175,1389,25177],{"id":25176},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25178,17146],{},[20,25180,650,25181,10689],{},[15,25182,17146],{},[143,25184,25185,25188,25191],{},[146,25186,25187],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[146,25189,25190],{},"you want to display available fields",[146,25192,25193],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25195,163],{},[47,25197,25199],{"className":49,"code":25198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25200,25201,25254,25258,25273,25290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25202,25203,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25223,25225,25227,25229,25232,25234,25236,25239,25241,25243,25246,25248,25250,25252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25204,25205],{"class":62},"product ",[56,25207,67],{"class":66},[56,25209,10579],{"class":70},[56,25211,181],{"class":180},[56,25213,7759],{"class":184},[56,25215,181],{"class":180},[56,25217,141],{"class":70},[56,25219,191],{"class":180},[56,25221,25222],{"class":184},"Book",[56,25224,181],{"class":180},[56,25226,78],{"class":70},[56,25228,191],{"class":180},[56,25230,25231],{"class":184},"price",[56,25233,181],{"class":180},[56,25235,141],{"class":70},[56,25237,25238],{"class":74}," 12.99",[56,25240,78],{"class":70},[56,25242,191],{"class":180},[56,25244,25245],{"class":184},"stock",[56,25247,181],{"class":180},[56,25249,141],{"class":70},[56,25251,4693],{"class":74},[56,25253,9397],{"class":70},[56,25255,25256],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25257,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,25259,25260,25262,25264,25266,25269,25271],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25261,112],{"class":111},[56,25263,115],{"class":70},[56,25265,181],{"class":180},[56,25267,25268],{"class":184},"Available fields:",[56,25270,181],{"class":180},[56,25272,238],{"class":70},[56,25274,25275,25277,25279,25281,25284,25286,25288],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,25276,6048],{"class":3965},[56,25278,18289],{"class":62},[56,25280,3972],{"class":3965},[56,25282,25283],{"class":62}," product",[56,25285,98],{"class":70},[56,25287,17004],{"class":101},[56,25289,21676],{"class":70},[56,25291,25292,25294,25296,25298],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,25293,8160],{"class":111},[56,25295,115],{"class":70},[56,25297,14920],{"class":101},[56,25299,238],{"class":70},[20,25301,25302],{},[540,25303,241],{},[47,25305,25307],{"className":49,"code":25306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25308,25309,25316,25320,25325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25310,25311,25314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25312,25313],{"class":62},"Available fields",[56,25315,6484],{"class":70},[56,25317,25318],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25319,25126],{"class":62},[56,25321,25322],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25323,25324],{"class":62},"price\n",[56,25326,25327],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,25328,25329],{"class":62},"stock\n",[20,25331,25332],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[47,25334,25336],{"className":49,"code":25335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25337,25338,25374,25378],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25339,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25341,25205],{"class":62},[56,25343,67],{"class":66},[56,25345,10579],{"class":70},[56,25347,181],{"class":180},[56,25349,7759],{"class":184},[56,25351,181],{"class":180},[56,25353,141],{"class":70},[56,25355,191],{"class":180},[56,25357,25222],{"class":184},[56,25359,181],{"class":180},[56,25361,78],{"class":70},[56,25363,191],{"class":180},[56,25365,25231],{"class":184},[56,25367,181],{"class":180},[56,25369,141],{"class":70},[56,25371,25238],{"class":74},[56,25373,9397],{"class":70},[56,25375,25376],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25377,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,25379,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25381,112],{"class":111},[56,25383,115],{"class":70},[56,25385,181],{"class":180},[56,25387,7759],{"class":184},[56,25389,181],{"class":180},[56,25391,21254],{"class":3965},[56,25393,25283],{"class":101},[56,25395,98],{"class":70},[56,25397,17004],{"class":101},[56,25399,7284],{"class":70},[20,25401,25402,25403,98],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25404,3698],{},[20,25406,25407],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[47,25409,25411],{"className":49,"code":25410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25412,25413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25414,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25416,112],{"class":111},[56,25418,115],{"class":70},[56,25420,181],{"class":180},[56,25422,7759],{"class":184},[56,25424,181],{"class":180},[56,25426,21254],{"class":3965},[56,25428,25283],{"class":101},[56,25430,238],{"class":70},[20,25432,25433,25434,98],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[36,25435,21287],{"href":17234},[42,25437,25439],{"id":25438},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25441,25442,25443,98],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25444,17146],{},[1030,25446,1435,25448,25450],{"id":25447},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25449,17146],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25452,25453,25455],{},[15,25454,17146],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25457,163],{},[47,25459,25461],{"className":49,"code":25460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25462,25463,25499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25464,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25466,9253],{"class":62},[56,25468,67],{"class":66},[56,25470,10579],{"class":70},[56,25472,181],{"class":180},[56,25474,7759],{"class":184},[56,25476,181],{"class":180},[56,25478,141],{"class":70},[56,25480,191],{"class":180},[56,25482,12961],{"class":184},[56,25484,181],{"class":180},[56,25486,78],{"class":70},[56,25488,191],{"class":180},[56,25490,9387],{"class":184},[56,25492,181],{"class":180},[56,25494,141],{"class":70},[56,25496,449],{"class":74},[56,25498,9397],{"class":70},[56,25500,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25502,112],{"class":111},[56,25504,115],{"class":70},[56,25506,9292],{"class":101},[56,25508,98],{"class":70},[56,25510,17004],{"class":101},[56,25512,7284],{"class":70},[20,25514,25515],{},[540,25516,241],{},[47,25518,25520],{"className":49,"code":25519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25521,25522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25523,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25525,17095],{"class":101},[56,25527,3084],{"class":70},[56,25529,254],{"class":180},[56,25531,7759],{"class":184},[56,25533,254],{"class":180},[56,25535,78],{"class":70},[56,25537,263],{"class":180},[56,25539,9387],{"class":184},[56,25541,254],{"class":180},[56,25543,1607],{"class":70},[20,25545,25546,25547,98],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[36,25548,25549],{"href":17156},[15,25550,17159],{},[1030,25552,25554,25555],{"id":25553},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25556,17095],{},[20,25558,25559],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[47,25561,25563],{"className":49,"code":25562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25564,25565],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25566,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25568,251],{"class":70},[56,25570,254],{"class":180},[56,25572,7759],{"class":184},[56,25574,254],{"class":180},[56,25576,78],{"class":70},[56,25578,263],{"class":180},[56,25580,9387],{"class":184},[56,25582,254],{"class":180},[56,25584,89],{"class":70},[20,25586,25587,25588,25590],{},"But ",[15,25589,17146],{}," returns:",[47,25592,25593],{"className":49,"code":25519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,25594,25595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25596,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25598,17095],{"class":101},[56,25600,3084],{"class":70},[56,25602,254],{"class":180},[56,25604,7759],{"class":184},[56,25606,254],{"class":180},[56,25608,78],{"class":70},[56,25610,263],{"class":180},[56,25612,9387],{"class":184},[56,25614,254],{"class":180},[56,25616,1607],{"class":70},[20,25618,25619],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[47,25621,25623],{"className":49,"code":25622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25624,25625,25661,25680,25684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25626,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25628,9253],{"class":62},[56,25630,67],{"class":66},[56,25632,10579],{"class":70},[56,25634,181],{"class":180},[56,25636,7759],{"class":184},[56,25638,181],{"class":180},[56,25640,141],{"class":70},[56,25642,191],{"class":180},[56,25644,12961],{"class":184},[56,25646,181],{"class":180},[56,25648,78],{"class":70},[56,25650,191],{"class":180},[56,25652,9387],{"class":184},[56,25654,181],{"class":180},[56,25656,141],{"class":70},[56,25658,449],{"class":74},[56,25660,9397],{"class":70},[56,25662,25663,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25664,25665],{"class":62},"key_list ",[56,25667,67],{"class":66},[56,25669,1878],{"class":1545},[56,25671,115],{"class":70},[56,25673,9292],{"class":101},[56,25675,98],{"class":70},[56,25677,17004],{"class":101},[56,25679,7284],{"class":70},[56,25681,25682],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25683,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,25685,25686,25688,25690,25693],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,25687,112],{"class":111},[56,25689,115],{"class":70},[56,25691,25692],{"class":101},"key_list",[56,25694,238],{"class":70},[1030,25696,25698,25699,25701],{"id":25697},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25700,17146],{}," on a list or string",[20,25703,25704,25706],{},[15,25705,17146],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25708,2934],{},[47,25710,25712],{"className":49,"code":25711,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25713,25714,25734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25715,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25717,63],{"class":62},[56,25719,67],{"class":66},[56,25721,71],{"class":70},[56,25723,75],{"class":74},[56,25725,78],{"class":70},[56,25727,81],{"class":74},[56,25729,78],{"class":70},[56,25731,86],{"class":74},[56,25733,89],{"class":70},[56,25735,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25737,112],{"class":111},[56,25739,115],{"class":70},[56,25741,95],{"class":101},[56,25743,98],{"class":70},[56,25745,17004],{"class":101},[56,25747,7284],{"class":70},[20,25749,25750,25751,25754,25755,25757,25758,98],{},"You may get an ",[15,25752,25753],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25756,17146],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[36,25759,25761,25762,25765],{"href":25760},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25763,25764],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1030,25767,25769],{"id":25768},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25771,25772],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[47,25774,25776],{"className":49,"code":25775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25777,25778,25802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25779,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25781,9253],{"class":62},[56,25783,67],{"class":66},[56,25785,10579],{"class":70},[56,25787,181],{"class":180},[56,25789,7759],{"class":184},[56,25791,181],{"class":180},[56,25793,141],{"class":70},[56,25795,191],{"class":180},[56,25797,12961],{"class":184},[56,25799,181],{"class":180},[56,25801,9397],{"class":70},[56,25803,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25805,112],{"class":111},[56,25807,115],{"class":70},[56,25809,9292],{"class":101},[56,25811,98],{"class":70},[56,25813,17004],{"class":24831},[56,25815,238],{"class":70},[20,25817,25818],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25820,18775],{},[47,25822,25824],{"className":49,"code":25823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25825,25826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25827,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25829,112],{"class":111},[56,25831,115],{"class":70},[56,25833,9292],{"class":101},[56,25835,98],{"class":70},[56,25837,17004],{"class":101},[56,25839,7284],{"class":70},[42,25841,1418],{"id":1417},[20,25843,25844,25845,141],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25846,17146],{},[143,25848,25849,25854,25860,25866],{},[146,25850,1441,25851,25853],{},[15,25852,17146],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[146,25855,25856,25857,25859],{},"Thinking ",[15,25858,17146],{}," returns values too",[146,25861,25862,25863,25865],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25864,17095],{}," like a normal list",[146,25867,25868,25869,25871],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25870,17095],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25873,25874],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[47,25876,25878],{"className":49,"code":25877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25879,25880,25912,25926,25930,25940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25881,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25883,9253],{"class":62},[56,25885,67],{"class":66},[56,25887,10579],{"class":70},[56,25889,181],{"class":180},[56,25891,36],{"class":184},[56,25893,181],{"class":180},[56,25895,141],{"class":70},[56,25897,910],{"class":74},[56,25899,78],{"class":70},[56,25901,191],{"class":180},[56,25903,194],{"class":184},[56,25905,181],{"class":180},[56,25907,141],{"class":70},[56,25909,81],{"class":74},[56,25911,9397],{"class":70},[56,25913,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25915,17323],{"class":62},[56,25917,67],{"class":66},[56,25919,14645],{"class":62},[56,25921,98],{"class":70},[56,25923,17004],{"class":101},[56,25925,105],{"class":70},[56,25927,25928],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,25929,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,25931,25932,25934,25936,25938],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,25933,112],{"class":111},[56,25935,115],{"class":70},[56,25937,17004],{"class":101},[56,25939,238],{"class":70},[56,25941,25942],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,25943,25944],{"class":123},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25946,25947],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[47,25949,25951],{"className":49,"code":25950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25952,25953,25985,26003,26007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25954,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25956,9253],{"class":62},[56,25958,67],{"class":66},[56,25960,10579],{"class":70},[56,25962,181],{"class":180},[56,25964,36],{"class":184},[56,25966,181],{"class":180},[56,25968,141],{"class":70},[56,25970,910],{"class":74},[56,25972,78],{"class":70},[56,25974,191],{"class":180},[56,25976,194],{"class":184},[56,25978,181],{"class":180},[56,25980,141],{"class":70},[56,25982,81],{"class":74},[56,25984,9397],{"class":70},[56,25986,25987,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,25988,17323],{"class":62},[56,25990,67],{"class":66},[56,25992,1878],{"class":1545},[56,25994,115],{"class":70},[56,25996,9292],{"class":101},[56,25998,98],{"class":70},[56,26000,17004],{"class":101},[56,26002,7284],{"class":70},[56,26004,26005],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26006,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26008,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26010,112],{"class":111},[56,26012,115],{"class":70},[56,26014,17004],{"class":101},[56,26016,251],{"class":70},[56,26018,2218],{"class":74},[56,26020,1607],{"class":70},[42,26022,26024],{"id":26023},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26026,11201],{},[47,26028,26030],{"className":49,"code":26029,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26031,26032,26046,26056,26070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26033,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26035,112],{"class":111},[56,26037,115],{"class":70},[56,26039,1546],{"class":1545},[56,26041,115],{"class":70},[56,26043,11537],{"class":101},[56,26045,1553],{"class":70},[56,26047,26048,26050,26052,26054],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26049,112],{"class":111},[56,26051,115],{"class":70},[56,26053,11537],{"class":101},[56,26055,238],{"class":70},[56,26057,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26059,112],{"class":111},[56,26061,115],{"class":70},[56,26063,11537],{"class":101},[56,26065,98],{"class":70},[56,26067,17004],{"class":101},[56,26069,7284],{"class":70},[56,26071,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26073,112],{"class":111},[56,26075,115],{"class":70},[56,26077,1644],{"class":1545},[56,26079,115],{"class":70},[56,26081,11537],{"class":101},[56,26083,98],{"class":70},[56,26085,17004],{"class":101},[56,26087,6380],{"class":70},[20,26089,26090],{},"These help you confirm:",[143,26092,26093,26096,26099,26104],{},[146,26094,26095],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[146,26097,26098],{},"what data it contains",[146,26100,26101,26102,11791],{},"what ",[15,26103,17146],{},[146,26105,26106],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[42,26108,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,26110,23999,26112,5233],{"id":26111},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26113,17146],{},[20,26115,17503,26116,26118],{},[15,26117,17095],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1030,26120,14982,26122,26125],{"id":26121},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26123,26124],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26127,26128,26129,26131,26132,98],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26130,17095],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26133,26134],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1030,26136,26138,26139,1911],{"id":26137},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26140,26124],{},[20,26142,26143,26144,26146],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26145,6048],{}," loop.",[1030,26148,26150,26151,26153],{"id":26149},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26152,17146],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26155,26156,26157,26159],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26158,17146],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1030,26161,26163],{"id":26162},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26165,650,26166,98],{},[15,26167,26168],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[42,26170,1996],{"id":1995},[143,26172,26173,26178,26184,26190,26196,26200],{},[146,26174,26175],{},[36,26176,26177],{"href":9479},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[146,26179,26180],{},[36,26181,10825,26182,1384],{"href":17149},[15,26183,17152],{},[146,26185,26186],{},[36,26187,10825,26188,1384],{"href":17156},[15,26189,17159],{},[146,26191,26192],{},[36,26193,26195],{"href":26194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[146,26197,26198],{},[36,26199,17235],{"href":17234},[146,26201,26202],{},[36,26203,26204,26205,25765],{"href":25760},"How to fix ",[15,26206,25764],{},[2028,26208,26209],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":26211},[26212,26213,26215,26216,26217,26218,26219,26221,26230,26231,26232,26243],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":24330,"depth":92,"text":26214},"What keys() does",{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":5520,"depth":92,"text":5521},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":25020,"depth":92,"text":25021},{"id":25176,"depth":92,"text":26220},"When to use keys()",{"id":25438,"depth":92,"text":25439,"children":26222},[26223,26225,26227,26229],{"id":25447,"depth":108,"text":26224},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25553,"depth":108,"text":26226},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25697,"depth":108,"text":26228},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25768,"depth":108,"text":25769},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":26023,"depth":92,"text":26024},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":26233},[26234,26236,26238,26240,26242],{"id":26111,"depth":108,"text":26235},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26121,"depth":108,"text":26237},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26137,"depth":108,"text":26239},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26149,"depth":108,"text":26241},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26162,"depth":108,"text":26163},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24152,"description":26244},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26250,"title":26251,"body":26252,"description":28523,"extension":2062,"meta":28524,"navigation":600,"path":28525,"seo":28526,"stem":28527,"__hash__":28528},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26253,"toc":28476},[26254,26259,26264,26267,26269,26415,26428,26433,26437,26451,26453,26556,26565,26567,26570,26608,26633,26635,26742,26744,26751,26754,26762,26764,26905,26913,26918,26922,26933,26935,27097,27100,27108,27115,27121,27218,27224,27301,27304,27316,27321,27327,27330,27334,27423,27426,27430,27534,27541,27628,27637,27639,27644,27650,27653,27699,27702,27768,27777,27783,27876,27881,27887,27930,27933,27998,28004,28096,28099,28103,28109,28134,28137,28233,28240,28242,28247,28338,28340,28368,28373,28375,28382,28385,28389,28399,28404,28407,28413,28423,28430,28438,28440,28473],[10,26255,11407,26257,18],{"id":26256},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26258,12844],{},[20,26260,26261,26263],{},[15,26262,12653],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26265,26266],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[42,26268,45],{"id":44},[47,26270,26272],{"className":49,"code":26271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26273,26274,26310,26334,26348,26361,26365,26370,26402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26275,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26277,13282],{"class":62},[56,26279,67],{"class":66},[56,26281,10579],{"class":70},[56,26283,181],{"class":180},[56,26285,7759],{"class":184},[56,26287,181],{"class":180},[56,26289,141],{"class":70},[56,26291,191],{"class":180},[56,26293,12961],{"class":184},[56,26295,181],{"class":180},[56,26297,78],{"class":70},[56,26299,191],{"class":180},[56,26301,9387],{"class":184},[56,26303,181],{"class":180},[56,26305,141],{"class":70},[56,26307,9394],{"class":74},[56,26309,9397],{"class":70},[56,26311,26312,26315,26317,26319,26321,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26313,26314],{"class":62},"removed_age ",[56,26316,67],{"class":66},[56,26318,13325],{"class":62},[56,26320,98],{"class":70},[56,26322,26323],{"class":101},"pop",[56,26325,115],{"class":70},[56,26327,181],{"class":180},[56,26329,9387],{"class":184},[56,26331,181],{"class":180},[56,26333,238],{"class":70},[56,26335,26336,26338,26340,26343,26345],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26337,112],{"class":111},[56,26339,115],{"class":70},[56,26341,26342],{"class":101},"removed_age",[56,26344,120],{"class":70},[56,26346,26347],{"class":123},"   # 25\n",[56,26349,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26351,112],{"class":111},[56,26353,115],{"class":70},[56,26355,17388],{"class":101},[56,26357,120],{"class":70},[56,26359,26360],{"class":123},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[56,26362,26363],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,26364,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26366,26367],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,26368,26369],{"class":123},"# Safe version with default value\n",[56,26371,26372,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26398,26400],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,26373,26374],{"class":62},"country ",[56,26376,67],{"class":66},[56,26378,13325],{"class":62},[56,26380,98],{"class":70},[56,26382,26323],{"class":101},[56,26384,115],{"class":70},[56,26386,181],{"class":180},[56,26388,15341],{"class":184},[56,26390,181],{"class":180},[56,26392,78],{"class":70},[56,26394,191],{"class":180},[56,26396,26397],{"class":184},"Not found",[56,26399,181],{"class":180},[56,26401,238],{"class":70},[56,26403,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,26405,112],{"class":111},[56,26407,115],{"class":70},[56,26409,15341],{"class":101},[56,26411,120],{"class":70},[56,26413,26414],{"class":123},"       # Not found\n",[20,26416,650,26417,26420,26421,26424,26425,26427],{},[15,26418,26419],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26422,26423],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26426,19767],{}," when the key might not exist.",[42,26429,133,26431,136],{"id":26430},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26432,12653],{},[20,26434,26435,141],{},[15,26436,12653],{},[143,26438,26439,26442,26445,26448],{},[146,26440,26441],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[146,26443,26444],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[146,26446,26447],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[146,26449,26450],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26452,163],{},[47,26454,26456],{"className":49,"code":26455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26457,26458,26498,26502,26525,26529,26543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26459,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26461,11574],{"class":62},[56,26463,67],{"class":66},[56,26465,10579],{"class":70},[56,26467,181],{"class":180},[56,26469,7759],{"class":184},[56,26471,181],{"class":180},[56,26473,141],{"class":70},[56,26475,191],{"class":180},[56,26477,13299],{"class":184},[56,26479,181],{"class":180},[56,26481,78],{"class":70},[56,26483,191],{"class":180},[56,26485,10497],{"class":184},[56,26487,181],{"class":180},[56,26489,141],{"class":70},[56,26491,191],{"class":180},[56,26493,10504],{"class":184},[56,26495,181],{"class":180},[56,26497,9397],{"class":70},[56,26499,26500],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26501,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26503,26504,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26505,26506],{"class":62},"removed_city ",[56,26508,67],{"class":66},[56,26510,11657],{"class":62},[56,26512,98],{"class":70},[56,26514,26323],{"class":101},[56,26516,115],{"class":70},[56,26518,181],{"class":180},[56,26520,10497],{"class":184},[56,26522,181],{"class":180},[56,26524,238],{"class":70},[56,26526,26527],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26528,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26530,26531,26533,26535,26538,26540],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,26532,112],{"class":111},[56,26534,115],{"class":70},[56,26536,26537],{"class":101},"removed_city",[56,26539,120],{"class":70},[56,26541,26542],{"class":123},"  # Paris\n",[56,26544,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,26546,112],{"class":111},[56,26548,115],{"class":70},[56,26550,11668],{"class":101},[56,26552,120],{"class":70},[56,26554,26555],{"class":123},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26557,20851,26558,26561,26562,98],{},[15,26559,26560],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26563,26564],{},"\"Paris\"",[42,26566,289],{"id":288},[20,26568,26569],{},"There are two common forms:",[47,26571,26573],{"className":49,"code":26572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26574,26575,26589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26576,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26578,11537],{"class":62},[56,26580,98],{"class":70},[56,26582,26323],{"class":101},[56,26584,115],{"class":70},[56,26586,14920],{"class":101},[56,26588,238],{"class":70},[56,26590,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26606],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26592,11537],{"class":62},[56,26594,98],{"class":70},[56,26596,26323],{"class":101},[56,26598,115],{"class":70},[56,26600,14920],{"class":101},[56,26602,78],{"class":70},[56,26604,26605],{"class":101}," default",[56,26607,238],{"class":70},[143,26609,26610,26616,26624,26630],{},[146,26611,26612,26615],{},[15,26613,26614],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[146,26617,26618,26620,26621,26623],{},[15,26619,26614],{}," raises ",[15,26622,19767],{}," if the key is missing",[146,26625,26626,26629],{},[15,26627,26628],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[146,26631,26632],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26634,163],{},[47,26636,26638],{"className":49,"code":26637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26639,26640,26672,26676,26701,26729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26641,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26643,5151],{"class":62},[56,26645,67],{"class":66},[56,26647,10579],{"class":70},[56,26649,181],{"class":180},[56,26651,18497],{"class":184},[56,26653,181],{"class":180},[56,26655,141],{"class":70},[56,26657,19978],{"class":74},[56,26659,78],{"class":70},[56,26661,191],{"class":180},[56,26663,18506],{"class":184},[56,26665,181],{"class":180},[56,26667,141],{"class":70},[56,26669,13585],{"class":74},[56,26671,9397],{"class":70},[56,26673,26674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26675,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26677,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26679,112],{"class":111},[56,26681,115],{"class":70},[56,26683,16469],{"class":101},[56,26685,98],{"class":70},[56,26687,26323],{"class":101},[56,26689,115],{"class":70},[56,26691,181],{"class":180},[56,26693,18497],{"class":184},[56,26695,181],{"class":180},[56,26697,5451],{"class":70},[56,26699,26700],{"class":123},"         # 90\n",[56,26702,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26704,112],{"class":111},[56,26706,115],{"class":70},[56,26708,16469],{"class":101},[56,26710,98],{"class":70},[56,26712,26323],{"class":101},[56,26714,115],{"class":70},[56,26716,181],{"class":180},[56,26718,18515],{"class":184},[56,26720,181],{"class":180},[56,26722,78],{"class":70},[56,26724,3923],{"class":74},[56,26726,5451],{"class":70},[56,26728,20848],{"class":123},[56,26730,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,26732,112],{"class":111},[56,26734,115],{"class":70},[56,26736,16469],{"class":101},[56,26738,120],{"class":70},[56,26740,26741],{"class":123},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[42,26743,17500],{"id":17499},[20,26745,26746,14132,26748,26750],{},[15,26747,12844],{},[540,26749,931],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26752,26753],{},"Instead, it returns:",[143,26755,26756,26759],{},[146,26757,26758],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[146,26760,26761],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26763,163],{},[47,26765,26767],{"className":49,"code":26766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26768,26769,26801,26805,26828,26860,26864,26878,26892],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26770,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26772,9253],{"class":62},[56,26774,67],{"class":66},[56,26776,10579],{"class":70},[56,26778,181],{"class":180},[56,26780,36],{"class":184},[56,26782,181],{"class":180},[56,26784,141],{"class":70},[56,26786,508],{"class":74},[56,26788,78],{"class":70},[56,26790,191],{"class":180},[56,26792,194],{"class":184},[56,26794,181],{"class":180},[56,26796,141],{"class":70},[56,26798,449],{"class":74},[56,26800,9397],{"class":70},[56,26802,26803],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26804,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26806,26807,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26808,26809],{"class":62},"result1 ",[56,26811,67],{"class":66},[56,26813,14645],{"class":62},[56,26815,98],{"class":70},[56,26817,26323],{"class":101},[56,26819,115],{"class":70},[56,26821,181],{"class":180},[56,26823,36],{"class":184},[56,26825,181],{"class":180},[56,26827,238],{"class":70},[56,26829,26830,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26856,26858],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,26831,26832],{"class":62},"result2 ",[56,26834,67],{"class":66},[56,26836,14645],{"class":62},[56,26838,98],{"class":70},[56,26840,26323],{"class":101},[56,26842,115],{"class":70},[56,26844,181],{"class":180},[56,26846,203],{"class":184},[56,26848,181],{"class":180},[56,26850,78],{"class":70},[56,26852,191],{"class":180},[56,26854,26855],{"class":184},"missing",[56,26857,181],{"class":180},[56,26859,238],{"class":70},[56,26861,26862],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,26863,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26865,26866,26868,26870,26873,26875],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,26867,112],{"class":111},[56,26869,115],{"class":70},[56,26871,26872],{"class":101},"result1",[56,26874,120],{"class":70},[56,26876,26877],{"class":123},"  # 10\n",[56,26879,26880,26882,26884,26887,26889],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,26881,112],{"class":111},[56,26883,115],{"class":70},[56,26885,26886],{"class":101},"result2",[56,26888,120],{"class":70},[56,26890,26891],{"class":123},"  # missing\n",[56,26893,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,26895,112],{"class":111},[56,26897,115],{"class":70},[56,26899,9292],{"class":101},[56,26901,120],{"class":70},[56,26903,26904],{"class":123},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26906,26907,26908,6720],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[36,26909,26910],{"href":10824},[15,26911,26912],{},"dict.get()",[42,26914,1389,26916],{"id":26915},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26917,12844],{},[20,26919,650,26920,10689],{},[15,26921,12844],{},[143,26923,26924,26927,26930],{},[146,26925,26926],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[146,26928,26929],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[146,26931,26932],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26934,163],{},[47,26936,26938],{"className":49,"code":26937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26939,26940,26992,26996,27023,27027,27051,27055,27069,27083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26941,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26976,26978,26980,26983,26985,26987,26990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26943,25205],{"class":62},[56,26945,67],{"class":66},[56,26947,10579],{"class":70},[56,26949,181],{"class":180},[56,26951,7759],{"class":184},[56,26953,181],{"class":180},[56,26955,141],{"class":70},[56,26957,191],{"class":180},[56,26959,26960],{"class":184},"Laptop",[56,26962,181],{"class":180},[56,26964,78],{"class":70},[56,26966,191],{"class":180},[56,26968,25231],{"class":184},[56,26970,181],{"class":180},[56,26972,141],{"class":70},[56,26974,26975],{"class":74}," 1200",[56,26977,78],{"class":70},[56,26979,191],{"class":180},[56,26981,26982],{"class":184},"discount",[56,26984,181],{"class":180},[56,26986,141],{"class":70},[56,26988,26989],{"class":74}," 200",[56,26991,9397],{"class":70},[56,26993,26994],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,26995,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,26997,26998,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,26999,27000],{"class":62},"discount_amount ",[56,27002,67],{"class":66},[56,27004,25283],{"class":62},[56,27006,98],{"class":70},[56,27008,26323],{"class":101},[56,27010,115],{"class":70},[56,27012,181],{"class":180},[56,27014,26982],{"class":184},[56,27016,181],{"class":180},[56,27018,78],{"class":70},[56,27020,3923],{"class":74},[56,27022,238],{"class":70},[56,27024,27025],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27026,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27028,27029,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27030,27031],{"class":62},"final_price ",[56,27033,67],{"class":66},[56,27035,25283],{"class":62},[56,27037,251],{"class":70},[56,27039,181],{"class":180},[56,27041,25231],{"class":184},[56,27043,181],{"class":180},[56,27045,13351],{"class":70},[56,27047,2320],{"class":66},[56,27049,27050],{"class":62}," discount_amount\n",[56,27052,27053],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27054,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27056,27057,27059,27061,27064,27066],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,27058,112],{"class":111},[56,27060,115],{"class":70},[56,27062,27063],{"class":101},"discount_amount",[56,27065,120],{"class":70},[56,27067,27068],{"class":123},"  # 200\n",[56,27070,27071,27073,27075,27078,27080],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,27072,112],{"class":111},[56,27074,115],{"class":70},[56,27076,27077],{"class":101},"final_price",[56,27079,120],{"class":70},[56,27081,27082],{"class":123},"      # 1000\n",[56,27084,27085,27087,27089,27092,27094],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,27086,112],{"class":111},[56,27088,115],{"class":70},[56,27090,27091],{"class":101},"product",[56,27093,120],{"class":70},[56,27095,27096],{"class":123},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27098,27099],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[42,27101,27103,1021,27105],{"id":27102},"pop-vs-del",[15,27104,12844],{},[15,27106,27107],{},"del",[20,27109,10678,27110,4480,27112,27114],{},[15,27111,12844],{},[15,27113,27107],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1030,27116,650,27118,27120],{"id":27117},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27119,12844],{}," when you need the removed value",[47,27122,27124],{"className":49,"code":27123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27125,27126,27162,27166,27188,27192,27205],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27127,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27129,13282],{"class":62},[56,27131,67],{"class":66},[56,27133,10579],{"class":70},[56,27135,181],{"class":180},[56,27137,7759],{"class":184},[56,27139,181],{"class":180},[56,27141,141],{"class":70},[56,27143,191],{"class":180},[56,27145,12961],{"class":184},[56,27147,181],{"class":180},[56,27149,78],{"class":70},[56,27151,191],{"class":180},[56,27153,9387],{"class":184},[56,27155,181],{"class":180},[56,27157,141],{"class":70},[56,27159,9394],{"class":74},[56,27161,9397],{"class":70},[56,27163,27164],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27165,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27167,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27169,21709],{"class":62},[56,27171,67],{"class":66},[56,27173,13325],{"class":62},[56,27175,98],{"class":70},[56,27177,26323],{"class":101},[56,27179,115],{"class":70},[56,27181,181],{"class":180},[56,27183,9387],{"class":184},[56,27185,181],{"class":180},[56,27187,238],{"class":70},[56,27189,27190],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27191,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27195,112],{"class":111},[56,27197,115],{"class":70},[56,27199,9387],{"class":101},[56,27201,120],{"class":70},[56,27203,27204],{"class":123},"     # 25\n",[56,27206,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27208,112],{"class":111},[56,27210,115],{"class":70},[56,27212,17388],{"class":101},[56,27214,120],{"class":70},[56,27216,27217],{"class":123},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1030,27219,650,27221,27223],{"id":27220},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27222,27107],{}," when you only want deletion",[47,27225,27227],{"className":49,"code":27226,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27228,27229,27265,27269,27285,27289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27232,13282],{"class":62},[56,27234,67],{"class":66},[56,27236,10579],{"class":70},[56,27238,181],{"class":180},[56,27240,7759],{"class":184},[56,27242,181],{"class":180},[56,27244,141],{"class":70},[56,27246,191],{"class":180},[56,27248,12961],{"class":184},[56,27250,181],{"class":180},[56,27252,78],{"class":70},[56,27254,191],{"class":180},[56,27256,9387],{"class":184},[56,27258,181],{"class":180},[56,27260,141],{"class":70},[56,27262,9394],{"class":74},[56,27264,9397],{"class":70},[56,27266,27267],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27268,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27270,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27272,27107],{"class":3965},[56,27274,13325],{"class":62},[56,27276,251],{"class":70},[56,27278,181],{"class":180},[56,27280,9387],{"class":184},[56,27282,181],{"class":180},[56,27284,89],{"class":70},[56,27286,27287],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27288,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27290,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27292,112],{"class":111},[56,27294,115],{"class":70},[56,27296,17388],{"class":101},[56,27298,120],{"class":70},[56,27300,27217],{"class":123},[20,27302,27303],{},"Difference:",[143,27305,27306,27311],{},[146,27307,27308,27310],{},[15,27309,12844],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[146,27312,27313,27315],{},[15,27314,27107],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27317,27318,27319,98],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[36,27320,12658],{"href":12657},[42,27322,27324,27325],{"id":27323},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27326,19767],{},[20,27328,27329],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1030,27331,27333],{"id":27332},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[47,27335,27337],{"className":49,"code":27336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27338,27339,27364,27368,27394,27398,27410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27340,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27360,27362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27342,11810],{"class":62},[56,27344,67],{"class":66},[56,27346,10579],{"class":70},[56,27348,181],{"class":180},[56,27350,7759],{"class":184},[56,27352,181],{"class":180},[56,27354,141],{"class":70},[56,27356,191],{"class":180},[56,27358,27359],{"class":184},"Sara",[56,27361,181],{"class":180},[56,27363,9397],{"class":70},[56,27365,27366],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27367,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27371,2544],{"class":62},[56,27373,67],{"class":66},[56,27375,11852],{"class":62},[56,27377,98],{"class":70},[56,27379,26323],{"class":101},[56,27381,115],{"class":70},[56,27383,181],{"class":180},[56,27385,9387],{"class":184},[56,27387,181],{"class":180},[56,27389,78],{"class":70},[56,27391,3941],{"class":893},[56,27393,238],{"class":70},[56,27395,27396],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27397,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27399,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27401,112],{"class":111},[56,27403,115],{"class":70},[56,27405,2570],{"class":101},[56,27407,120],{"class":70},[56,27409,20641],{"class":123},[56,27411,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27413,112],{"class":111},[56,27415,115],{"class":70},[56,27417,11537],{"class":101},[56,27419,120],{"class":70},[56,27421,27422],{"class":123}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27424,27425],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1030,27427,27429],{"id":27428},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[47,27431,27433],{"className":49,"code":27432,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27434,27435,27459,27463,27479,27502,27512,27519],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27438,11810],{"class":62},[56,27440,67],{"class":66},[56,27442,10579],{"class":70},[56,27444,181],{"class":180},[56,27446,7759],{"class":184},[56,27448,181],{"class":180},[56,27450,141],{"class":70},[56,27452,191],{"class":180},[56,27454,27359],{"class":184},[56,27456,181],{"class":180},[56,27458,9397],{"class":70},[56,27460,27461],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27462,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27464,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27466,7087],{"class":3965},[56,27468,191],{"class":180},[56,27470,9387],{"class":184},[56,27472,181],{"class":180},[56,27474,21254],{"class":66},[56,27476,11852],{"class":62},[56,27478,6484],{"class":70},[56,27480,27481,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27482,27483],{"class":62},"    value ",[56,27485,67],{"class":66},[56,27487,11852],{"class":62},[56,27489,98],{"class":70},[56,27491,26323],{"class":101},[56,27493,115],{"class":70},[56,27495,181],{"class":180},[56,27497,9387],{"class":184},[56,27499,181],{"class":180},[56,27501,238],{"class":70},[56,27503,27504,27506,27508,27510],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27505,8160],{"class":111},[56,27507,115],{"class":70},[56,27509,2570],{"class":101},[56,27511,238],{"class":70},[56,27513,27514,27517],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27515,27516],{"class":3965},"else",[56,27518,6484],{"class":70},[56,27520,27521,27523,27525,27527,27530,27532],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,27522,8160],{"class":111},[56,27524,115],{"class":70},[56,27526,181],{"class":180},[56,27528,27529],{"class":184},"Key not found",[56,27531,181],{"class":180},[56,27533,238],{"class":70},[1030,27535,27537,27538,27540],{"id":27536},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27539,10828],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[47,27542,27544],{"className":49,"code":27543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27545,27546,27570,27574,27600,27604,27616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27549,11810],{"class":62},[56,27551,67],{"class":66},[56,27553,10579],{"class":70},[56,27555,181],{"class":180},[56,27557,7759],{"class":184},[56,27559,181],{"class":180},[56,27561,141],{"class":70},[56,27563,191],{"class":180},[56,27565,27359],{"class":184},[56,27567,181],{"class":180},[56,27569,9397],{"class":70},[56,27571,27572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27573,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27575,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27577,2544],{"class":62},[56,27579,67],{"class":66},[56,27581,11852],{"class":62},[56,27583,98],{"class":70},[56,27585,19830],{"class":101},[56,27587,115],{"class":70},[56,27589,181],{"class":180},[56,27591,9387],{"class":184},[56,27593,181],{"class":180},[56,27595,78],{"class":70},[56,27597,3941],{"class":893},[56,27599,238],{"class":70},[56,27601,27602],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27603,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27607,112],{"class":111},[56,27609,115],{"class":70},[56,27611,2570],{"class":101},[56,27613,120],{"class":70},[56,27615,20641],{"class":123},[56,27617,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27619,112],{"class":111},[56,27621,115],{"class":70},[56,27623,11537],{"class":101},[56,27625,120],{"class":70},[56,27627,27422],{"class":123},[20,27629,650,27630,27634,27635,98],{},[36,27631,27632],{"href":10824},[15,27633,26912],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[36,27636,11351],{"href":11162},[42,27638,4606],{"id":4605},[20,27640,27641,27642,98],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27643,12653],{},[1030,27645,25856,27647,27649],{"id":27646},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27648,12844],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27651,27652],{},"Lists use indexes:",[47,27654,27656],{"className":49,"code":27655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27657,27658,27678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27659,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27661,63],{"class":62},[56,27663,67],{"class":66},[56,27665,71],{"class":70},[56,27667,444],{"class":74},[56,27669,78],{"class":70},[56,27671,449],{"class":74},[56,27673,78],{"class":70},[56,27675,454],{"class":74},[56,27677,89],{"class":70},[56,27679,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27681,112],{"class":111},[56,27683,115],{"class":70},[56,27685,95],{"class":101},[56,27687,98],{"class":70},[56,27689,26323],{"class":101},[56,27691,115],{"class":70},[56,27693,75],{"class":74},[56,27695,5451],{"class":70},[56,27697,27698],{"class":123},"  # 20\n",[20,27700,27701],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[47,27703,27705],{"className":49,"code":27704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27706,27707,27743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27708,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27710,13282],{"class":62},[56,27712,67],{"class":66},[56,27714,10579],{"class":70},[56,27716,181],{"class":180},[56,27718,7759],{"class":184},[56,27720,181],{"class":180},[56,27722,141],{"class":70},[56,27724,191],{"class":180},[56,27726,12961],{"class":184},[56,27728,181],{"class":180},[56,27730,78],{"class":70},[56,27732,191],{"class":180},[56,27734,9387],{"class":184},[56,27736,181],{"class":180},[56,27738,141],{"class":70},[56,27740,9394],{"class":74},[56,27742,9397],{"class":70},[56,27744,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27746,112],{"class":111},[56,27748,115],{"class":70},[56,27750,17388],{"class":101},[56,27752,98],{"class":70},[56,27754,26323],{"class":101},[56,27756,115],{"class":70},[56,27758,181],{"class":180},[56,27760,9387],{"class":184},[56,27762,181],{"class":180},[56,27764,5451],{"class":70},[56,27766,27767],{"class":123},"  # 25\n",[20,27769,27770,27771,27773,27774,27776],{},"A dictionary does ",[540,27772,931],{}," use positions with ",[15,27775,12844],{},". It uses keys.",[1030,27778,4792,27780,27782],{"id":27779},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27781,12844],{}," changes the original dictionary",[47,27784,27786],{"className":49,"code":27785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27787,27788,27820,27824,27846,27850,27863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27789,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27791,9253],{"class":62},[56,27793,67],{"class":66},[56,27795,10579],{"class":70},[56,27797,181],{"class":180},[56,27799,2271],{"class":184},[56,27801,181],{"class":180},[56,27803,141],{"class":70},[56,27805,910],{"class":74},[56,27807,78],{"class":70},[56,27809,191],{"class":180},[56,27811,11831],{"class":184},[56,27813,181],{"class":180},[56,27815,141],{"class":70},[56,27817,81],{"class":74},[56,27819,9397],{"class":70},[56,27821,27822],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27823,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27827,2544],{"class":62},[56,27829,67],{"class":66},[56,27831,14645],{"class":62},[56,27833,98],{"class":70},[56,27835,26323],{"class":101},[56,27837,115],{"class":70},[56,27839,181],{"class":180},[56,27841,2271],{"class":184},[56,27843,181],{"class":180},[56,27845,238],{"class":70},[56,27847,27848],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27849,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27851,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,27853,112],{"class":111},[56,27855,115],{"class":70},[56,27857,2570],{"class":101},[56,27859,120],{"class":70},[56,27861,27862],{"class":123},"  # 1\n",[56,27864,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,27866,112],{"class":111},[56,27868,115],{"class":70},[56,27870,9292],{"class":101},[56,27872,120],{"class":70},[56,27874,27875],{"class":123},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27877,1860,27878,27880],{},[15,27879,12844],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1030,27882,1441,27884,27886],{"id":27883},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27885,12844],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[47,27888,27890],{"className":49,"code":27889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27891,27892,27916,27920,27925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27893,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27895,9253],{"class":62},[56,27897,67],{"class":66},[56,27899,10579],{"class":70},[56,27901,181],{"class":180},[56,27903,7759],{"class":184},[56,27905,181],{"class":180},[56,27907,141],{"class":70},[56,27909,191],{"class":180},[56,27911,8012],{"class":184},[56,27913,181],{"class":180},[56,27915,9397],{"class":70},[56,27917,27918],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27919,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27921,27922],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27923,27924],{"class":123},"# This causes an error\n",[56,27926,27927],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,27928,27929],{"class":123},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27931,27932],{},"Safer version:",[47,27934,27936],{"className":49,"code":27935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27937,27938,27962,27966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27939,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27941,9253],{"class":62},[56,27943,67],{"class":66},[56,27945,10579],{"class":70},[56,27947,181],{"class":180},[56,27949,7759],{"class":184},[56,27951,181],{"class":180},[56,27953,141],{"class":70},[56,27955,191],{"class":180},[56,27957,8012],{"class":184},[56,27959,181],{"class":180},[56,27961,9397],{"class":70},[56,27963,27964],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,27965,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,27967,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,27969,112],{"class":111},[56,27971,115],{"class":70},[56,27973,9292],{"class":101},[56,27975,98],{"class":70},[56,27977,26323],{"class":101},[56,27979,115],{"class":70},[56,27981,181],{"class":180},[56,27983,9387],{"class":184},[56,27985,181],{"class":180},[56,27987,78],{"class":70},[56,27989,191],{"class":180},[56,27991,26855],{"class":184},[56,27993,181],{"class":180},[56,27995,5451],{"class":70},[56,27997,26891],{"class":123},[1030,27999,1435,28001,28003],{"id":28000},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28002,12844],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[47,28005,28007],{"className":49,"code":28006,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28008,28009,28041,28045,28067,28071,28083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28010,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28012,9253],{"class":62},[56,28014,67],{"class":66},[56,28016,10579],{"class":70},[56,28018,181],{"class":180},[56,28020,36],{"class":184},[56,28022,181],{"class":180},[56,28024,141],{"class":70},[56,28026,910],{"class":74},[56,28028,78],{"class":70},[56,28030,191],{"class":180},[56,28032,194],{"class":184},[56,28034,181],{"class":180},[56,28036,141],{"class":70},[56,28038,81],{"class":74},[56,28040,9397],{"class":70},[56,28042,28043],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28044,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,28046,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,28048,1156],{"class":62},[56,28050,67],{"class":66},[56,28052,14645],{"class":62},[56,28054,98],{"class":70},[56,28056,26323],{"class":101},[56,28058,115],{"class":70},[56,28060,181],{"class":180},[56,28062,36],{"class":184},[56,28064,181],{"class":180},[56,28066,238],{"class":70},[56,28068,28069],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,28070,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,28074,112],{"class":111},[56,28076,115],{"class":70},[56,28078,1190],{"class":101},[56,28080,120],{"class":70},[56,28082,27862],{"class":123},[56,28084,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,28086,112],{"class":111},[56,28088,115],{"class":70},[56,28090,9292],{"class":101},[56,28092,120],{"class":70},[56,28094,28095],{"class":123},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28097,28098],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[42,28100,28102],{"id":28101},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28104,28105,28106,28108],{},"Problems with ",[15,28107,12653],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[143,28110,28111,28114,28123,28126],{},[146,28112,28113],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[146,28115,28116,28117,28120,28121],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28118,28119],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28122,26419],{},[146,28124,28125],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[146,28127,28128,28129,11180,28131],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28130,75],{},[15,28132,28133],{},"\"1\"",[20,28135,28136],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[47,28138,28140],{"className":49,"code":28139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28141,28142,28166,28170,28200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28143,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28145,9253],{"class":62},[56,28147,67],{"class":66},[56,28149,10579],{"class":70},[56,28151,181],{"class":180},[56,28153,75],{"class":184},[56,28155,181],{"class":180},[56,28157,141],{"class":70},[56,28159,191],{"class":180},[56,28161,6674],{"class":184},[56,28163,181],{"class":180},[56,28165,9397],{"class":70},[56,28167,28168],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28169,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,28171,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28193,28195,28197],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,28173,112],{"class":111},[56,28175,115],{"class":70},[56,28177,9292],{"class":101},[56,28179,98],{"class":70},[56,28181,26323],{"class":101},[56,28183,115],{"class":70},[56,28185,75],{"class":74},[56,28187,78],{"class":70},[56,28189,191],{"class":180},[56,28191,28192],{"class":184},"not found",[56,28194,181],{"class":180},[56,28196,5451],{"class":70},[56,28198,28199],{"class":123},"    # not found\n",[56,28201,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,28203,112],{"class":111},[56,28205,115],{"class":70},[56,28207,9292],{"class":101},[56,28209,98],{"class":70},[56,28211,26323],{"class":101},[56,28213,115],{"class":70},[56,28215,181],{"class":180},[56,28217,75],{"class":184},[56,28219,181],{"class":180},[56,28221,78],{"class":70},[56,28223,191],{"class":180},[56,28225,28192],{"class":184},[56,28227,181],{"class":180},[56,28229,5451],{"class":70},[56,28231,28232],{"class":123},"  # one\n",[20,28234,28235,4480,28237,28239],{},[15,28236,75],{},[15,28238,28133],{}," are different keys.",[42,28241,8959],{"id":8958},[20,28243,8962,28244,28246],{},[15,28245,12844],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,28248,28250],{"className":49,"code":28249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28251,28252,28262,28276,28294,28324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28253,28254,28256,28258,28260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28255,112],{"class":111},[56,28257,115],{"class":70},[56,28259,11537],{"class":101},[56,28261,238],{"class":70},[56,28263,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28265,112],{"class":111},[56,28267,115],{"class":70},[56,28269,11537],{"class":101},[56,28271,98],{"class":70},[56,28273,17004],{"class":101},[56,28275,7284],{"class":70},[56,28277,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,28279,112],{"class":111},[56,28281,115],{"class":70},[56,28283,254],{"class":180},[56,28285,7759],{"class":184},[56,28287,254],{"class":180},[56,28289,21254],{"class":3965},[56,28291,11852],{"class":101},[56,28293,238],{"class":70},[56,28295,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,28297,112],{"class":111},[56,28299,115],{"class":70},[56,28301,11537],{"class":101},[56,28303,98],{"class":70},[56,28305,26323],{"class":101},[56,28307,115],{"class":70},[56,28309,254],{"class":180},[56,28311,7759],{"class":184},[56,28313,254],{"class":180},[56,28315,78],{"class":70},[56,28317,263],{"class":180},[56,28319,26855],{"class":184},[56,28321,254],{"class":180},[56,28323,1553],{"class":70},[56,28325,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,28327,112],{"class":111},[56,28329,115],{"class":70},[56,28331,1546],{"class":1545},[56,28333,115],{"class":70},[56,28335,11537],{"class":101},[56,28337,1553],{"class":70},[20,28339,21417],{},[143,28341,28342,28347,28352,28357,28363],{},[146,28343,28344,28346],{},[15,28345,12761],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[146,28348,28349,28351],{},[15,28350,21429],{}," shows all available keys",[146,28353,28354,28356],{},[15,28355,21435],{}," checks whether a key exists",[146,28358,28359,28362],{},[15,28360,28361],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[146,28364,28365,28367],{},[15,28366,12767],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28369,28370,28371,98],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[36,28372,9480],{"href":9479},[42,28374,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,28376,28378,28379,28381],{"id":28377},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28380,12844],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28383,28384],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1030,28386,28388],{"id":28387},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28390,28391,26620,28393,28395,28396,28398],{},[15,28392,26419],{},[15,28394,19767],{},". ",[15,28397,26423],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1030,28400,1892,28402,14975],{"id":28401},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28403,12844],{},[20,28405,28406],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1030,28408,1925,28410,28412],{"id":28409},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28411,12844],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28414,28415,28416,28418,28419,98],{},"Not with ",[15,28417,12653],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[36,28420,28421],{"href":12664},[15,28422,12851],{},[1030,28424,5268,28426,4480,28428,1911],{"id":28425},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28427,10828],{},[15,28429,12844],{},[20,28431,28432,28434,28435,28437],{},[15,28433,10828],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28436,12844],{}," reads and removes it.",[42,28439,1996],{"id":1995},[143,28441,28442,28448,28455,28459,28463,28467],{},[146,28443,28444],{},[36,28445,28446],{"href":10824},[15,28447,19748],{},[146,28449,28450],{},[36,28451,28452],{"href":12664},[15,28453,28454],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[146,28456,28457],{},[36,28458,12867],{"href":12657},[146,28460,28461],{},[36,28462,21538],{"href":16677},[146,28464,28465],{},[36,28466,11351],{"href":11162},[146,28468,28469],{},[36,28470,28472],{"href":28471},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2028,28474,28475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":28477},[28478,28479,28481,28482,28483,28485,28492,28499,28509,28510,28511,28522],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":26430,"depth":92,"text":28480},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":26915,"depth":92,"text":28484},"When to use pop()",{"id":27102,"depth":92,"text":28486,"children":28487},"pop() vs del",[28488,28490],{"id":27117,"depth":108,"text":28489},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27220,"depth":108,"text":28491},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27323,"depth":92,"text":28493,"children":28494},"How to avoid KeyError",[28495,28496,28497],{"id":27332,"depth":108,"text":27333},{"id":27428,"depth":108,"text":27429},{"id":27536,"depth":108,"text":28498},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":28500},[28501,28503,28505,28507],{"id":27646,"depth":108,"text":28502},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27779,"depth":108,"text":28504},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27883,"depth":108,"text":28506},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28000,"depth":108,"text":28508},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28101,"depth":92,"text":28102},{"id":8958,"depth":92,"text":8959},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":28512},[28513,28515,28516,28518,28520],{"id":28377,"depth":108,"text":28514},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28387,"depth":108,"text":28388},{"id":28401,"depth":108,"text":28517},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28409,"depth":108,"text":28519},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28425,"depth":108,"text":28521},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26251,"description":28523},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28530,"title":28454,"body":28531,"description":30471,"extension":2062,"meta":30472,"navigation":600,"path":30473,"seo":30474,"stem":30475,"__hash__":30476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28532,"toc":30435},[28533,28538,28543,28546,28554,28564,28566,28655,28659,28708,28713,28718,28722,28738,28741,28743,28758,28760,28776,28783,28787,28793,28802,28804,28873,28877,28898,28901,28920,28923,28946,28948,28951,29066,29070,29129,29136,29140,29146,29271,29275,29325,29328,29332,29339,29341,29404,29408,29429,29432,29441,29456,29464,29471,29475,29487,29491,29502,29504,29650,29654,29713,29720,29725,29729,29735,29758,29763,29782,29786,29857,29864,29937,29946,29951,29956,29967,29970,30107,30112,30144,30149,30151,30155,30215,30218,30275,30278,30321,30323,30328,30334,30340,30343,30350,30358,30363,30366,30373,30381,30383,30432],[10,28534,11407,28536,18],{"id":28535},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28537,12851],{},[20,28539,2079,28540,28542],{},[15,28541,12851],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28544,28545],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[143,28547,28548,28551],{},[146,28549,28550],{},"remove an item",[146,28552,28553],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28555,28556,28557,28559,28560,28563],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28558,12851],{}," removes the ",[540,28561,28562],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[42,28565,2104],{"id":2103},[47,28567,28569],{"className":49,"code":28568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28570,28571,28615,28631,28635,28645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28572,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28574,9253],{"class":62},[56,28576,67],{"class":66},[56,28578,10579],{"class":70},[56,28580,181],{"class":180},[56,28582,36],{"class":184},[56,28584,181],{"class":180},[56,28586,141],{"class":70},[56,28588,910],{"class":74},[56,28590,78],{"class":70},[56,28592,191],{"class":180},[56,28594,194],{"class":184},[56,28596,181],{"class":180},[56,28598,141],{"class":70},[56,28600,81],{"class":74},[56,28602,78],{"class":70},[56,28604,191],{"class":180},[56,28606,203],{"class":184},[56,28608,181],{"class":180},[56,28610,141],{"class":70},[56,28612,86],{"class":74},[56,28614,9397],{"class":70},[56,28616,28617,28620,28622,28624,28626,28629],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28618,28619],{"class":62},"item ",[56,28621,67],{"class":66},[56,28623,14645],{"class":62},[56,28625,98],{"class":70},[56,28627,28628],{"class":101},"popitem",[56,28630,105],{"class":70},[56,28632,28633],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,28634,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,28636,28637,28639,28641,28643],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,28638,112],{"class":111},[56,28640,115],{"class":70},[56,28642,23391],{"class":101},[56,28644,238],{"class":70},[56,28646,28647,28649,28651,28653],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,28648,112],{"class":111},[56,28650,115],{"class":70},[56,28652,9292],{"class":101},[56,28654,238],{"class":70},[20,28656,28657],{},[540,28658,241],{},[47,28660,28662],{"className":49,"code":28661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28663,28664,28680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28665,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28667,115],{"class":70},[56,28669,254],{"class":180},[56,28671,203],{"class":184},[56,28673,254],{"class":180},[56,28675,78],{"class":70},[56,28677,86],{"class":74},[56,28679,238],{"class":70},[56,28681,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28683,9366],{"class":70},[56,28685,254],{"class":180},[56,28687,36],{"class":184},[56,28689,254],{"class":180},[56,28691,141],{"class":70},[56,28693,910],{"class":74},[56,28695,78],{"class":70},[56,28697,263],{"class":180},[56,28699,194],{"class":184},[56,28701,254],{"class":180},[56,28703,141],{"class":70},[56,28705,81],{"class":74},[56,28707,9397],{"class":70},[20,28709,28710,28712],{},[15,28711,12851],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[42,28714,133,28716,136],{"id":28715},"what-popitem-does",[15,28717,12851],{},[20,28719,28720,141],{},[15,28721,12851],{},[143,28723,28724,28727,28732,28735],{},[146,28725,28726],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[146,28728,28729,28730],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28731,21736],{},[146,28733,28734],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[146,28736,28737],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28739,28740],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[42,28742,289],{"id":288},[47,28744,28746],{"className":49,"code":28745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28747,28748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28749,28750,28752,28754,28756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28751,15684],{"class":62},[56,28753,98],{"class":70},[56,28755,28628],{"class":101},[56,28757,105],{"class":70},[20,28759,11546],{},[143,28761,28762,28770,28773],{},[146,28763,28764,28766,28767],{},[15,28765,12851],{}," takes ",[540,28768,28769],{},"no arguments",[146,28771,28772],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[146,28774,28775],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28777,28778,28779,6720],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[36,28780,28781],{"href":12650},[15,28782,12844],{},[42,28784,28786],{"id":28785},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28788,28789,28790,28792],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28791,12851],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28794,28795,28796,28799],"ol",{},[146,28797,28798],{},"the key",[146,28800,28801],{},"the value",[20,28803,163],{},[47,28805,28807],{"className":49,"code":28806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28808,28809,28845,28859,28863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28810,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28812,13282],{"class":62},[56,28814,67],{"class":66},[56,28816,10579],{"class":70},[56,28818,181],{"class":180},[56,28820,7759],{"class":184},[56,28822,181],{"class":180},[56,28824,141],{"class":70},[56,28826,191],{"class":180},[56,28828,5091],{"class":184},[56,28830,181],{"class":180},[56,28832,78],{"class":70},[56,28834,191],{"class":180},[56,28836,9387],{"class":184},[56,28838,181],{"class":180},[56,28840,141],{"class":70},[56,28842,9394],{"class":74},[56,28844,9397],{"class":70},[56,28846,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,28848,1156],{"class":62},[56,28850,67],{"class":66},[56,28852,13325],{"class":62},[56,28854,98],{"class":70},[56,28856,28628],{"class":101},[56,28858,105],{"class":70},[56,28860,28861],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,28862,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,28864,28865,28867,28869,28871],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,28866,112],{"class":111},[56,28868,115],{"class":70},[56,28870,1190],{"class":101},[56,28872,238],{"class":70},[20,28874,28875],{},[540,28876,241],{},[47,28878,28880],{"className":49,"code":28879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28881,28882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28883,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28885,115],{"class":70},[56,28887,254],{"class":180},[56,28889,9387],{"class":184},[56,28891,254],{"class":180},[56,28893,78],{"class":70},[56,28895,9394],{"class":74},[56,28897,238],{"class":70},[20,28899,28900],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[47,28902,28904],{"className":49,"code":28903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28905,28906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28907,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28909,1156],{"class":62},[56,28911,67],{"class":66},[56,28913,13325],{"class":62},[56,28915,98],{"class":70},[56,28917,28628],{"class":101},[56,28919,105],{"class":70},[20,28921,28922],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[47,28924,28926],{"className":49,"code":28925,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28927,28928],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28929,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28931,14920],{"class":62},[56,28933,78],{"class":70},[56,28935,21665],{"class":62},[56,28937,67],{"class":66},[56,28939,13325],{"class":62},[56,28941,98],{"class":70},[56,28943,28628],{"class":101},[56,28945,105],{"class":70},[42,28947,425],{"id":424},[20,28949,28950],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[47,28952,28954],{"className":49,"code":28953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28955,28956,29004,29008,29023,29027,29047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28957,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28988,28990,28992,28995,28997,28999,29002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28959,5151],{"class":62},[56,28961,67],{"class":66},[56,28963,10579],{"class":70},[56,28965,181],{"class":180},[56,28967,28968],{"class":184},"Tom",[56,28970,181],{"class":180},[56,28972,141],{"class":70},[56,28974,5163],{"class":74},[56,28976,78],{"class":70},[56,28978,191],{"class":180},[56,28980,12961],{"class":184},[56,28982,181],{"class":180},[56,28984,141],{"class":70},[56,28986,28987],{"class":74}," 95",[56,28989,78],{"class":70},[56,28991,191],{"class":180},[56,28993,28994],{"class":184},"Leo",[56,28996,181],{"class":180},[56,28998,141],{"class":70},[56,29000,29001],{"class":74}," 88",[56,29003,9397],{"class":70},[56,29005,29006],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29007,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29009,29010,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29011,29012],{"class":62},"removed_pair ",[56,29014,67],{"class":66},[56,29016,5198],{"class":62},[56,29018,98],{"class":70},[56,29020,28628],{"class":101},[56,29022,105],{"class":70},[56,29024,29025],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,29026,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29028,29029,29031,29033,29035,29038,29040,29042,29045],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,29030,112],{"class":111},[56,29032,115],{"class":70},[56,29034,181],{"class":180},[56,29036,29037],{"class":184},"Removed:",[56,29039,181],{"class":180},[56,29041,78],{"class":70},[56,29043,29044],{"class":101}," removed_pair",[56,29046,238],{"class":70},[56,29048,29049,29051,29053,29055,29058,29060,29062,29064],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,29050,112],{"class":111},[56,29052,115],{"class":70},[56,29054,181],{"class":180},[56,29056,29057],{"class":184},"After removal:",[56,29059,181],{"class":180},[56,29061,78],{"class":70},[56,29063,5198],{"class":101},[56,29065,238],{"class":70},[20,29067,29068],{},[540,29069,241],{},[47,29071,29073],{"className":49,"code":29072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29074,29075,29096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29076,29077,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29078,29079],{"class":62},"Removed",[56,29081,141],{"class":70},[56,29083,9324],{"class":70},[56,29085,254],{"class":180},[56,29087,28994],{"class":184},[56,29089,254],{"class":180},[56,29091,78],{"class":70},[56,29093,29001],{"class":74},[56,29095,238],{"class":70},[56,29097,29098,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29099,29100],{"class":62},"After removal",[56,29102,141],{"class":70},[56,29104,10579],{"class":70},[56,29106,254],{"class":180},[56,29108,28968],{"class":184},[56,29110,254],{"class":180},[56,29112,141],{"class":70},[56,29114,5163],{"class":74},[56,29116,78],{"class":70},[56,29118,263],{"class":180},[56,29120,12961],{"class":184},[56,29122,254],{"class":180},[56,29124,141],{"class":70},[56,29126,28987],{"class":74},[56,29128,9397],{"class":70},[20,29130,29131,29132,29135],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29133,29134],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[42,29137,29139],{"id":29138},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29141,29142,29143,29145],{},"Because ",[15,29144,12851],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[47,29147,29149],{"className":49,"code":29148,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29150,29151,29187,29191,29210,29214,29233,29252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29152,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29154,15527],{"class":62},[56,29156,67],{"class":66},[56,29158,10579],{"class":70},[56,29160,181],{"class":180},[56,29162,15538],{"class":184},[56,29164,181],{"class":180},[56,29166,141],{"class":70},[56,29168,191],{"class":180},[56,29170,15547],{"class":184},[56,29172,181],{"class":180},[56,29174,78],{"class":70},[56,29176,191],{"class":180},[56,29178,15558],{"class":184},[56,29180,181],{"class":180},[56,29182,141],{"class":70},[56,29184,26989],{"class":74},[56,29186,9397],{"class":70},[56,29188,29189],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29190,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29192,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29204,29206,29208],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29194,14920],{"class":62},[56,29196,78],{"class":70},[56,29198,21665],{"class":62},[56,29200,67],{"class":66},[56,29202,29203],{"class":62}," book",[56,29205,98],{"class":70},[56,29207,28628],{"class":101},[56,29209,105],{"class":70},[56,29211,29212],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,29213,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29215,29216,29218,29220,29222,29225,29227,29229,29231],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,29217,112],{"class":111},[56,29219,115],{"class":70},[56,29221,181],{"class":180},[56,29223,29224],{"class":184},"Key:",[56,29226,181],{"class":180},[56,29228,78],{"class":70},[56,29230,21660],{"class":101},[56,29232,238],{"class":70},[56,29234,29235,29237,29239,29241,29244,29246,29248,29250],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,29236,112],{"class":111},[56,29238,115],{"class":70},[56,29240,181],{"class":180},[56,29242,29243],{"class":184},"Value:",[56,29245,181],{"class":180},[56,29247,78],{"class":70},[56,29249,8521],{"class":101},[56,29251,238],{"class":70},[56,29253,29254,29256,29258,29260,29263,29265,29267,29269],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,29255,112],{"class":111},[56,29257,115],{"class":70},[56,29259,181],{"class":180},[56,29261,29262],{"class":184},"Dictionary:",[56,29264,181],{"class":180},[56,29266,78],{"class":70},[56,29268,29203],{"class":101},[56,29270,238],{"class":70},[20,29272,29273],{},[540,29274,241],{},[47,29276,29278],{"className":49,"code":29277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29279,29280,29290,29300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29281,29282,29285,29287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29283,29284],{"class":62},"Key",[56,29286,141],{"class":70},[56,29288,29289],{"class":62}," pages\n",[56,29291,29292,29295,29297],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29293,29294],{"class":62},"Value",[56,29296,141],{"class":70},[56,29298,29299],{"class":74}," 200\n",[56,29301,29302,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29303,29304],{"class":62},"Dictionary",[56,29306,141],{"class":70},[56,29308,10579],{"class":70},[56,29310,254],{"class":180},[56,29312,15538],{"class":184},[56,29314,254],{"class":180},[56,29316,141],{"class":70},[56,29318,263],{"class":180},[56,29320,15547],{"class":184},[56,29322,254],{"class":180},[56,29324,9397],{"class":70},[20,29326,29327],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[42,29329,29331],{"id":29330},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29333,29334,29335,28559,29337,98],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29336,12851],{},[540,29338,28562],{},[20,29340,163],{},[47,29342,29344],{"className":49,"code":29343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29345,29346,29390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29347,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29349,9253],{"class":62},[56,29351,67],{"class":66},[56,29353,10579],{"class":70},[56,29355,181],{"class":180},[56,29357,2271],{"class":184},[56,29359,181],{"class":180},[56,29361,141],{"class":70},[56,29363,910],{"class":74},[56,29365,78],{"class":70},[56,29367,191],{"class":180},[56,29369,11831],{"class":184},[56,29371,181],{"class":180},[56,29373,141],{"class":70},[56,29375,81],{"class":74},[56,29377,78],{"class":70},[56,29379,191],{"class":180},[56,29381,22158],{"class":184},[56,29383,181],{"class":180},[56,29385,141],{"class":70},[56,29387,86],{"class":74},[56,29389,9397],{"class":70},[56,29391,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29393,112],{"class":111},[56,29395,115],{"class":70},[56,29397,9292],{"class":101},[56,29399,98],{"class":70},[56,29401,28628],{"class":101},[56,29403,7284],{"class":70},[20,29405,29406],{},[540,29407,241],{},[47,29409,29411],{"className":49,"code":29410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29412,29413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29414,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29416,115],{"class":70},[56,29418,254],{"class":180},[56,29420,22158],{"class":184},[56,29422,254],{"class":180},[56,29424,78],{"class":70},[56,29426,86],{"class":74},[56,29428,238],{"class":70},[20,29430,29431],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29433,29434,29435,29437,29438,29440],{},"As a beginner, do ",[540,29436,931],{}," think of ",[15,29439,12851],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29442,29443,29444,2287,29448,17153,29452,98],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[36,29445,29446],{"href":17156},[15,29447,17159],{},[36,29449,29450],{"href":17143},[15,29451,17146],{},[36,29453,29454],{"href":17149},[15,29455,17152],{},[42,29457,29459,29460,4480,29462],{"id":29458},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29461,12851],{},[15,29463,12844],{},[20,29465,29466,4480,29468,29470],{},[15,29467,12851],{},[15,29469,12844],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1030,29472,29473],{"id":28628},[15,29474,12851],{},[143,29476,29477,29480,29483],{},[146,29478,29479],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[146,29481,29482],{},"does not need a key argument",[146,29484,3781,29485],{},[15,29486,21736],{},[1030,29488,29489],{"id":26323},[15,29490,12844],{},[143,29492,29493,29496,29499],{},[146,29494,29495],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[146,29497,29498],{},"needs the key name",[146,29500,29501],{},"returns only the value",[20,29503,163],{},[47,29505,29507],{"className":49,"code":29506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29508,29509,29553,29557,29571,29591,29595,29617,29636,29640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29510,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29512,9253],{"class":62},[56,29514,67],{"class":66},[56,29516,10579],{"class":70},[56,29518,181],{"class":180},[56,29520,36],{"class":184},[56,29522,181],{"class":180},[56,29524,141],{"class":70},[56,29526,910],{"class":74},[56,29528,78],{"class":70},[56,29530,191],{"class":180},[56,29532,194],{"class":184},[56,29534,181],{"class":180},[56,29536,141],{"class":70},[56,29538,81],{"class":74},[56,29540,78],{"class":70},[56,29542,191],{"class":180},[56,29544,203],{"class":184},[56,29546,181],{"class":180},[56,29548,141],{"class":70},[56,29550,86],{"class":74},[56,29552,9397],{"class":70},[56,29554,29555],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29556,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29558,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29560,28619],{"class":62},[56,29562,67],{"class":66},[56,29564,14645],{"class":62},[56,29566,98],{"class":70},[56,29568,28628],{"class":101},[56,29570,105],{"class":70},[56,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579,29582,29584,29586,29589],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,29574,112],{"class":111},[56,29576,115],{"class":70},[56,29578,181],{"class":180},[56,29580,29581],{"class":184},"popitem():",[56,29583,181],{"class":180},[56,29585,78],{"class":70},[56,29587,29588],{"class":101}," item",[56,29590,238],{"class":70},[56,29592,29593],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,29594,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29596,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,29598,2544],{"class":62},[56,29600,67],{"class":66},[56,29602,14645],{"class":62},[56,29604,98],{"class":70},[56,29606,26323],{"class":101},[56,29608,115],{"class":70},[56,29610,181],{"class":180},[56,29612,36],{"class":184},[56,29614,181],{"class":180},[56,29616,238],{"class":70},[56,29618,29619,29621,29623,29625,29628,29630,29632,29634],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,29620,112],{"class":111},[56,29622,115],{"class":70},[56,29624,181],{"class":180},[56,29626,29627],{"class":184},"pop('a'):",[56,29629,181],{"class":180},[56,29631,78],{"class":70},[56,29633,8521],{"class":101},[56,29635,238],{"class":70},[56,29637,29638],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,29639,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29641,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,29643,112],{"class":111},[56,29645,115],{"class":70},[56,29647,9292],{"class":101},[56,29649,238],{"class":70},[20,29651,29652],{},[540,29653,241],{},[47,29655,29657],{"className":49,"code":29656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29658,29659,29680,29697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29660,29661,29663,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29662,28628],{"class":101},[56,29664,29665],{"class":70},"():",[56,29667,9324],{"class":70},[56,29669,254],{"class":180},[56,29671,203],{"class":184},[56,29673,254],{"class":180},[56,29675,78],{"class":70},[56,29677,86],{"class":74},[56,29679,238],{"class":70},[56,29681,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29683,26323],{"class":101},[56,29685,115],{"class":70},[56,29687,254],{"class":180},[56,29689,36],{"class":184},[56,29691,254],{"class":180},[56,29693,16532],{"class":70},[56,29695,29696],{"class":74}," 1\n",[56,29698,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29700,9366],{"class":70},[56,29702,254],{"class":180},[56,29704,194],{"class":184},[56,29706,254],{"class":180},[56,29708,141],{"class":70},[56,29710,81],{"class":74},[56,29712,9397],{"class":70},[20,29714,650,29715,29719],{},[36,29716,29717],{"href":12650},[15,29718,12844],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29721,650,29722,29724],{},[15,29723,12851],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[42,29726,29728],{"id":29727},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29730,29731,29732,29734],{},"Calling ",[15,29733,12851],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[47,29736,29738],{"className":49,"code":29737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29739,29740,29748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29741,29742,29744,29746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29743,9253],{"class":62},[56,29745,67],{"class":66},[56,29747,9926],{"class":70},[56,29749,29750,29752,29754,29756],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29751,9292],{"class":62},[56,29753,98],{"class":70},[56,29755,28628],{"class":101},[56,29757,105],{"class":70},[20,29759,29760],{},[540,29761,29762],{},"Error:",[47,29764,29766],{"className":49,"code":29765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29767,29768],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29769,29770,29772,29774,29776,29779],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29771,19767],{"class":1545},[56,29773,141],{"class":70},[56,29775,263],{"class":180},[56,29777,29778],{"class":184},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[56,29780,29781],{"class":180},"'\n",[1030,29783,29785],{"id":29784},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[47,29787,29789],{"className":49,"code":29788,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29790,29791,29799,29803,29811,29826,29836,29842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29792,29793,29795,29797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29794,9253],{"class":62},[56,29796,67],{"class":66},[56,29798,9926],{"class":70},[56,29800,29801],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29802,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29804,29805,29807,29809],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29806,7087],{"class":3965},[56,29808,14645],{"class":62},[56,29810,6484],{"class":70},[56,29812,29813,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,29814,29815],{"class":62},"    item ",[56,29817,67],{"class":66},[56,29819,14645],{"class":62},[56,29821,98],{"class":70},[56,29823,28628],{"class":101},[56,29825,105],{"class":70},[56,29827,29828,29830,29832,29834],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,29829,8160],{"class":111},[56,29831,115],{"class":70},[56,29833,23391],{"class":101},[56,29835,238],{"class":70},[56,29837,29838,29840],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,29839,27516],{"class":3965},[56,29841,6484],{"class":70},[56,29843,29844,29846,29848,29850,29853,29855],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,29845,8160],{"class":111},[56,29847,115],{"class":70},[56,29849,181],{"class":180},[56,29851,29852],{"class":184},"Dictionary is empty",[56,29854,181],{"class":180},[56,29856,238],{"class":70},[1030,29858,29860,29861],{"id":29859},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29862,29863],{},"try-except",[47,29865,29867],{"className":49,"code":29866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29868,29869,29877,29881,29888,29902,29912,29922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29870,29871,29873,29875],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29872,9253],{"class":62},[56,29874,67],{"class":66},[56,29876,9926],{"class":70},[56,29878,29879],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29880,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,29882,29883,29886],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,29884,29885],{"class":3965},"try",[56,29887,6484],{"class":70},[56,29889,29890,29892,29894,29896,29898,29900],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,29891,29815],{"class":62},[56,29893,67],{"class":66},[56,29895,14645],{"class":62},[56,29897,98],{"class":70},[56,29899,28628],{"class":101},[56,29901,105],{"class":70},[56,29903,29904,29906,29908,29910],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,29905,8160],{"class":111},[56,29907,115],{"class":70},[56,29909,23391],{"class":101},[56,29911,238],{"class":70},[56,29913,29914,29917,29920],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,29915,29916],{"class":3965},"except",[56,29918,29919],{"class":1545}," KeyError",[56,29921,6484],{"class":70},[56,29923,29924,29926,29928,29930,29933,29935],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,29925,8160],{"class":111},[56,29927,115],{"class":70},[56,29929,181],{"class":180},[56,29931,29932],{"class":184},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[56,29934,181],{"class":180},[56,29936,238],{"class":70},[20,29938,29939,29940,98],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[36,29941,25761,29943],{"href":29942},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29944,29945],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[42,29947,1389,29949],{"id":29948},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29950,12851],{},[20,29952,29953,29955],{},[15,29954,12851],{}," is useful when:",[143,29957,29958,29961,29964],{},[146,29959,29960],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[146,29962,29963],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[146,29965,29966],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29968,29969],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[47,29971,29973],{"className":49,"code":29972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29974,29975,29984,30004,30024,30042,30046,30050,30060,30079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29976,29977,29980,29982],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29978,29979],{"class":62},"tasks ",[56,29981,67],{"class":66},[56,29983,11579],{"class":70},[56,29985,29986,29988,29991,29993,29995,29997,30000,30002],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,29987,11584],{"class":180},[56,29989,29990],{"class":184},"first",[56,29992,181],{"class":180},[56,29994,141],{"class":70},[56,29996,191],{"class":180},[56,29998,29999],{"class":184},"wash dishes",[56,30001,181],{"class":180},[56,30003,11600],{"class":70},[56,30005,30006,30008,30011,30013,30015,30017,30020,30022],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30007,11584],{"class":180},[56,30009,30010],{"class":184},"second",[56,30012,181],{"class":180},[56,30014,141],{"class":70},[56,30016,191],{"class":180},[56,30018,30019],{"class":184},"do homework",[56,30021,181],{"class":180},[56,30023,11600],{"class":70},[56,30025,30026,30028,30031,30033,30035,30037,30040],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,30027,11584],{"class":180},[56,30029,30030],{"class":184},"third",[56,30032,181],{"class":180},[56,30034,141],{"class":70},[56,30036,191],{"class":180},[56,30038,30039],{"class":184},"read book",[56,30041,1476],{"class":180},[56,30043,30044],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,30045,9397],{"class":70},[56,30047,30048],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,30049,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,30051,30052,30055,30058],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,30053,30054],{"class":3965},"while",[56,30056,30057],{"class":62}," tasks",[56,30059,6484],{"class":70},[56,30061,30062,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,30063,30064],{"class":62},"    key",[56,30066,78],{"class":70},[56,30068,21665],{"class":62},[56,30070,67],{"class":66},[56,30072,30057],{"class":62},[56,30074,98],{"class":70},[56,30076,28628],{"class":101},[56,30078,105],{"class":70},[56,30080,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,30082,8160],{"class":111},[56,30084,115],{"class":70},[56,30086,22375],{"class":1638},[56,30088,181],{"class":184},[56,30090,9366],{"class":74},[56,30092,14920],{"class":101},[56,30094,22384],{"class":74},[56,30096,22387],{"class":184},[56,30098,9366],{"class":74},[56,30100,2570],{"class":101},[56,30102,22384],{"class":74},[56,30104,181],{"class":184},[56,30106,238],{"class":70},[20,30108,30109],{},[540,30110,30111],{},"Possible output:",[47,30113,30115],{"className":49,"code":30114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30116,30117,30126,30135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30118,30119,30121,30123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30120,30030],{"class":62},[56,30122,141],{"class":70},[56,30124,30125],{"class":62}," read book\n",[56,30127,30128,30130,30132],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30129,30010],{"class":62},[56,30131,141],{"class":70},[56,30133,30134],{"class":62}," do homework\n",[56,30136,30137,30139,30141],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30138,29990],{"class":62},[56,30140,141],{"class":70},[56,30142,30143],{"class":62}," wash dishes\n",[20,30145,29142,30146,30148],{},[15,30147,12851],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[42,30150,1418],{"id":1417},[20,30152,14812,30153,141],{},[15,30154,12851],{},[143,30156,30157,30171,30190,30201],{},[146,30158,30159,30164],{},[540,30160,29731,30161,30163],{},[15,30162,12851],{}," on an empty dictionary",[143,30165,30166],{},[146,30167,30168,30169,98],{},"This raises ",[15,30170,19767],{},[146,30172,30173,30178],{},[540,30174,1435,30175,30177],{},[15,30176,12851],{}," to remove a specific key",[143,30179,30180,30183],{},[146,30181,30182],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[146,30184,650,30185,30189],{},[36,30186,30187],{"href":12650},[15,30188,12844],{}," if you need that.",[146,30191,30192,30196],{},[540,30193,4792,30194,27782],{},[15,30195,12851],{},[143,30197,30198],{},[146,30199,30200],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[146,30202,30203,30206],{},[540,30204,30205],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[143,30207,30208],{},[146,30209,30210,22056,30212,30214],{},[15,30211,12851],{},[15,30213,21736],{}," tuple.",[20,30216,30217],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[47,30219,30221],{"className":49,"code":30220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30222,30223,30233,30247,30251,30265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30224,30225,30227,30229,30231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30226,112],{"class":111},[56,30228,115],{"class":70},[56,30230,11537],{"class":101},[56,30232,238],{"class":70},[56,30234,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30236,112],{"class":111},[56,30238,115],{"class":70},[56,30240,11250],{"class":111},[56,30242,115],{"class":70},[56,30244,11537],{"class":101},[56,30246,1553],{"class":70},[56,30248,30249],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30250,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,30252,30253,30255,30257,30259,30261,30263],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,30254,28619],{"class":62},[56,30256,67],{"class":66},[56,30258,11852],{"class":62},[56,30260,98],{"class":70},[56,30262,28628],{"class":101},[56,30264,105],{"class":70},[56,30266,30267,30269,30271,30273],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,30268,112],{"class":111},[56,30270,115],{"class":70},[56,30272,23391],{"class":101},[56,30274,238],{"class":70},[20,30276,30277],{},"Or with unpacking:",[47,30279,30281],{"className":49,"code":30280,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30282,30283,30301,30311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30284,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30286,14920],{"class":62},[56,30288,78],{"class":70},[56,30290,21665],{"class":62},[56,30292,67],{"class":66},[56,30294,11852],{"class":62},[56,30296,98],{"class":70},[56,30298,28628],{"class":101},[56,30300,105],{"class":70},[56,30302,30303,30305,30307,30309],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30304,112],{"class":111},[56,30306,115],{"class":70},[56,30308,14920],{"class":101},[56,30310,238],{"class":70},[56,30312,30313,30315,30317,30319],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30314,112],{"class":111},[56,30316,115],{"class":70},[56,30318,2570],{"class":101},[56,30320,238],{"class":70},[42,30322,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,30324,5230,30326,5233],{"id":30325},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30327,12851],{},[20,30329,30330,30331,98],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30332,30333],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1030,30335,1892,30337,30339],{"id":30336},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30338,12851],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30341,30342],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1030,30344,30346,30347,30349],{"id":30345},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30348,12851],{}," removes?",[20,30351,30352,30353,30357],{},"No. Use ",[36,30354,30355],{"href":12650},[15,30356,12844],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1030,30359,1892,30361,14975],{"id":30360},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30362,12851],{},[20,30364,30365],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1030,30367,30369,30370,30372],{"id":30368},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30371,12851],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30374,30375,30376,30378,30379,98],{},"It raises ",[15,30377,19767],{}," with the message ",[15,30380,29778],{},[42,30382,1996],{"id":1995},[143,30384,30385,30392,30398,30404,30410,30417,30421,30425],{},[146,30386,30387],{},[36,30388,30389,30391],{"href":12650},[15,30390,12844],{}," method for dictionaries",[146,30393,30394],{},[36,30395,30396,30391],{"href":17156},[15,30397,17159],{},[146,30399,30400],{},[36,30401,30402,30391],{"href":17143},[15,30403,17146],{},[146,30405,30406],{},[36,30407,30408,30391],{"href":17149},[15,30409,17152],{},[146,30411,30412],{},[36,30413,30415,30391],{"href":30414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30416,11410],{},[146,30418,30419],{},[36,30420,12867],{"href":12657},[146,30422,30423],{},[36,30424,21538],{"href":16677},[146,30426,30427],{},[36,30428,30429,30430],{"href":29942},"Fix ",[15,30431,29945],{},[2028,30433,30434],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":30436},[30437,30438,30440,30441,30442,30443,30444,30445,30450,30455,30457,30458,30470],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":28715,"depth":92,"text":30439},"What popitem() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":28785,"depth":92,"text":28786},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":29138,"depth":92,"text":29139},{"id":29330,"depth":92,"text":29331},{"id":29458,"depth":92,"text":30446,"children":30447},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30448,30449],{"id":28628,"depth":108,"text":12851},{"id":26323,"depth":108,"text":12844},{"id":29727,"depth":92,"text":29728,"children":30451},[30452,30453],{"id":29784,"depth":108,"text":29785},{"id":29859,"depth":108,"text":30454},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29948,"depth":92,"text":30456},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":30459},[30460,30462,30464,30466,30468],{"id":30325,"depth":108,"text":30461},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30336,"depth":108,"text":30463},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30345,"depth":108,"text":30465},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30360,"depth":108,"text":30467},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30368,"depth":108,"text":30469},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28454,"description":30471},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30478,"title":30479,"body":30480,"description":32383,"extension":2062,"meta":32384,"navigation":600,"path":14111,"seo":32385,"stem":32386,"__hash__":32387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30481,"toc":32355},[30482,30487,30492,30495,30497,30594,30599,30604,30609,30612,30620,30623,30638,30640,30740,30742,30799,30803,30805,30808,30828,30833,30844,30847,30874,30877,30879,30936,30938,30959,30965,30970,30973,30984,30986,31094,31096,31149,31151,31163,31170,31176,31181,31184,31272,31274,31319,31322,31330,31333,31336,31405,31408,31411,31415,31418,31489,31491,31544,31547,31550,31553,31568,31571,31583,31586,31649,31651,31657,31659,31661,31740,31742,31783,31785,31850,31852,31889,31894,31899,31903,31917,31920,32043,32045,32130,32135,32137,32141,32163,32166,32246,32249,32268,32273,32275,32281,32286,32292,32295,32301,32304,32310,32315,32321,32327,32329,32352],[10,30483,11407,30485,18],{"id":30484},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30486,15033],{},[20,30488,2079,30489,30491],{},[15,30490,15033],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30493,30494],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[42,30496,2104],{"id":2103},[47,30498,30500],{"className":49,"code":30499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30501,30502,30538,30579,30589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30503,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30505,13282],{"class":62},[56,30507,67],{"class":66},[56,30509,10579],{"class":70},[56,30511,181],{"class":180},[56,30513,7759],{"class":184},[56,30515,181],{"class":180},[56,30517,141],{"class":70},[56,30519,191],{"class":180},[56,30521,12961],{"class":184},[56,30523,181],{"class":180},[56,30525,78],{"class":70},[56,30527,191],{"class":180},[56,30529,9387],{"class":184},[56,30531,181],{"class":180},[56,30533,141],{"class":70},[56,30535,449],{"class":74},[56,30537,9397],{"class":70},[56,30539,30540,30542,30544,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30541,17388],{"class":62},[56,30543,98],{"class":70},[56,30545,30546],{"class":101},"update",[56,30548,5619],{"class":70},[56,30550,181],{"class":180},[56,30552,9387],{"class":184},[56,30554,181],{"class":180},[56,30556,141],{"class":70},[56,30558,30559],{"class":74}," 21",[56,30561,78],{"class":70},[56,30563,191],{"class":180},[56,30565,10497],{"class":184},[56,30567,181],{"class":180},[56,30569,141],{"class":70},[56,30571,191],{"class":180},[56,30573,16111],{"class":184},[56,30575,181],{"class":180},[56,30577,30578],{"class":70},"})\n",[56,30580,30581,30583,30585,30587],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30582,112],{"class":111},[56,30584,115],{"class":70},[56,30586,17388],{"class":101},[56,30588,238],{"class":70},[56,30590,30591],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,30592,30593],{"class":123},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30595,650,30596,30598],{},[15,30597,15033],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[42,30600,133,30602,136],{"id":30601},"what-update-does",[15,30603,15033],{},[20,30605,30606,30608],{},[15,30607,15033],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30610,30611],{},"It can do two main things:",[143,30613,30614,30617],{},[146,30615,30616],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[146,30618,30619],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30621,30622],{},"Important things to know:",[143,30624,30625,30628,30631,30635],{},[146,30626,30627],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[146,30629,30630],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[146,30632,5236,30633],{},[15,30634,157],{},[146,30636,30637],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30639,163],{},[47,30641,30643],{"className":49,"code":30642,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30644,30645,30687,30730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30646,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30683,30685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30648,12944],{"class":62},[56,30650,67],{"class":66},[56,30652,10579],{"class":70},[56,30654,181],{"class":180},[56,30656,7759],{"class":184},[56,30658,181],{"class":180},[56,30660,141],{"class":70},[56,30662,191],{"class":180},[56,30664,30665],{"class":184},"Mira",[56,30667,181],{"class":180},[56,30669,78],{"class":70},[56,30671,191],{"class":180},[56,30673,19971],{"class":184},[56,30675,181],{"class":180},[56,30677,141],{"class":70},[56,30679,191],{"class":180},[56,30681,30682],{"class":184},"B",[56,30684,181],{"class":180},[56,30686,9397],{"class":70},[56,30688,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30726,30728],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30690,13704],{"class":62},[56,30692,98],{"class":70},[56,30694,30546],{"class":101},[56,30696,5619],{"class":70},[56,30698,181],{"class":180},[56,30700,19971],{"class":184},[56,30702,181],{"class":180},[56,30704,141],{"class":70},[56,30706,191],{"class":180},[56,30708,22326],{"class":184},[56,30710,181],{"class":180},[56,30712,78],{"class":70},[56,30714,191],{"class":180},[56,30716,10497],{"class":184},[56,30718,181],{"class":180},[56,30720,141],{"class":70},[56,30722,191],{"class":180},[56,30724,30725],{"class":184},"Quito",[56,30727,181],{"class":180},[56,30729,30578],{"class":70},[56,30731,30732,30734,30736,30738],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30733,112],{"class":111},[56,30735,115],{"class":70},[56,30737,13704],{"class":101},[56,30739,238],{"class":70},[20,30741,241],{},[47,30743,30745],{"className":49,"code":30744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30746,30747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30750,9366],{"class":70},[56,30752,254],{"class":180},[56,30754,7759],{"class":184},[56,30756,254],{"class":180},[56,30758,141],{"class":70},[56,30760,263],{"class":180},[56,30762,30665],{"class":184},[56,30764,254],{"class":180},[56,30766,78],{"class":70},[56,30768,263],{"class":180},[56,30770,19971],{"class":184},[56,30772,254],{"class":180},[56,30774,141],{"class":70},[56,30776,263],{"class":180},[56,30778,22326],{"class":184},[56,30780,254],{"class":180},[56,30782,78],{"class":70},[56,30784,263],{"class":180},[56,30786,10497],{"class":184},[56,30788,254],{"class":180},[56,30790,141],{"class":70},[56,30792,263],{"class":180},[56,30794,30725],{"class":184},[56,30796,254],{"class":180},[56,30798,9397],{"class":70},[20,30800,9239,30801,98],{},[36,30802,24709],{"href":9479},[42,30804,289],{"id":288},[20,30806,30807],{},"The basic form is:",[47,30809,30811],{"className":49,"code":30810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30812,30813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30814,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30816,15684],{"class":62},[56,30818,98],{"class":70},[56,30820,30546],{"class":101},[56,30822,115],{"class":70},[56,30824,30825],{"class":101},"other",[56,30827,238],{"class":70},[20,30829,30830,30832],{},[15,30831,30825],{}," can be:",[143,30834,30835,30838,30841],{},[146,30836,30837],{},"Another dictionary",[146,30839,30840],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[146,30842,30843],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30845,30846],{},"You can also use:",[47,30848,30850],{"className":49,"code":30849,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30851,30852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30853,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30855,15684],{"class":62},[56,30857,98],{"class":70},[56,30859,30546],{"class":101},[56,30861,115],{"class":70},[56,30863,7759],{"class":9263},[56,30865,67],{"class":66},[56,30867,181],{"class":180},[56,30869,7768],{"class":184},[56,30871,181],{"class":180},[56,30873,238],{"class":70},[20,30875,30876],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30878,163],{},[47,30880,30882],{"className":49,"code":30881,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30883,30884,30904,30926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30885,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30887,9253],{"class":62},[56,30889,67],{"class":66},[56,30891,10579],{"class":70},[56,30893,181],{"class":180},[56,30895,36],{"class":184},[56,30897,181],{"class":180},[56,30899,141],{"class":70},[56,30901,910],{"class":74},[56,30903,9397],{"class":70},[56,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,30907,9292],{"class":62},[56,30909,98],{"class":70},[56,30911,30546],{"class":101},[56,30913,5619],{"class":70},[56,30915,181],{"class":180},[56,30917,36],{"class":184},[56,30919,181],{"class":180},[56,30921,141],{"class":70},[56,30923,508],{"class":74},[56,30925,30578],{"class":70},[56,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,30929,112],{"class":111},[56,30931,115],{"class":70},[56,30933,9292],{"class":101},[56,30935,238],{"class":70},[20,30937,241],{},[47,30939,30941],{"className":49,"code":30940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30942,30943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30944,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30946,9366],{"class":70},[56,30948,254],{"class":180},[56,30950,36],{"class":184},[56,30952,254],{"class":180},[56,30954,141],{"class":70},[56,30956,508],{"class":74},[56,30958,9397],{"class":70},[42,30960,1441,30962,30964],{"id":30961},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30963,15033],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30966,30967,30968,98],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30969,15033],{},[20,30971,30972],{},"It is useful when:",[143,30974,30975,30978,30981],{},[146,30976,30977],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[146,30979,30980],{},"Adding extra settings",[146,30982,30983],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30985,163],{},[47,30987,30989],{"className":49,"code":30988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30990,30991,31028,31065,31069,31084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30992,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30994,13904],{"class":62},[56,30996,67],{"class":66},[56,30998,10579],{"class":70},[56,31000,181],{"class":180},[56,31002,12578],{"class":184},[56,31004,181],{"class":180},[56,31006,141],{"class":70},[56,31008,191],{"class":180},[56,31010,21008],{"class":184},[56,31012,181],{"class":180},[56,31014,78],{"class":70},[56,31016,191],{"class":180},[56,31018,13929],{"class":184},[56,31020,181],{"class":180},[56,31022,141],{"class":70},[56,31024,31025],{"class":74}," 12",[56,31027,9397],{"class":70},[56,31029,31030,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31031,31032],{"class":62},"new_settings ",[56,31034,67],{"class":66},[56,31036,10579],{"class":70},[56,31038,181],{"class":180},[56,31040,13929],{"class":184},[56,31042,181],{"class":180},[56,31044,141],{"class":70},[56,31046,13936],{"class":74},[56,31048,78],{"class":70},[56,31050,191],{"class":180},[56,31052,20203],{"class":184},[56,31054,181],{"class":180},[56,31056,141],{"class":70},[56,31058,191],{"class":180},[56,31060,20237],{"class":184},[56,31062,181],{"class":180},[56,31064,9397],{"class":70},[56,31066,31067],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31068,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31070,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31082],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31072,13963],{"class":62},[56,31074,98],{"class":70},[56,31076,30546],{"class":101},[56,31078,115],{"class":70},[56,31080,31081],{"class":101},"new_settings",[56,31083,238],{"class":70},[56,31085,31086,31088,31090,31092],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,31087,112],{"class":111},[56,31089,115],{"class":70},[56,31091,13963],{"class":101},[56,31093,238],{"class":70},[20,31095,241],{},[47,31097,31099],{"className":49,"code":31098,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31100,31101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31102,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31104,9366],{"class":70},[56,31106,254],{"class":180},[56,31108,12578],{"class":184},[56,31110,254],{"class":180},[56,31112,141],{"class":70},[56,31114,263],{"class":180},[56,31116,21008],{"class":184},[56,31118,254],{"class":180},[56,31120,78],{"class":70},[56,31122,263],{"class":180},[56,31124,13929],{"class":184},[56,31126,254],{"class":180},[56,31128,141],{"class":70},[56,31130,13936],{"class":74},[56,31132,78],{"class":70},[56,31134,263],{"class":180},[56,31136,20203],{"class":184},[56,31138,254],{"class":180},[56,31140,141],{"class":70},[56,31142,263],{"class":180},[56,31144,20237],{"class":184},[56,31146,254],{"class":180},[56,31148,9397],{"class":70},[20,31150,13487],{},[143,31152,31153,31158],{},[146,31154,31155,31157],{},[15,31156,13929],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[146,31159,31160,31162],{},[15,31161,20203],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31164,31165,31166,98],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[36,31167,31169],{"href":31168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[42,31171,1441,31173,31175],{"id":31172},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31174,15033],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31177,31178,31180],{},[15,31179,15033],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31182,31183],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[47,31185,31187],{"className":49,"code":31186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31188,31189,31209,31244,31248,31262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31190,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31192,5151],{"class":62},[56,31194,67],{"class":66},[56,31196,10579],{"class":70},[56,31198,181],{"class":180},[56,31200,18497],{"class":184},[56,31202,181],{"class":180},[56,31204,141],{"class":70},[56,31206,19978],{"class":74},[56,31208,9397],{"class":70},[56,31210,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31236,31238,31240,31242],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31212,9303],{"class":62},[56,31214,67],{"class":66},[56,31216,9308],{"class":70},[56,31218,181],{"class":180},[56,31220,18506],{"class":184},[56,31222,181],{"class":180},[56,31224,78],{"class":70},[56,31226,13585],{"class":74},[56,31228,9321],{"class":70},[56,31230,9324],{"class":70},[56,31232,181],{"class":180},[56,31234,31235],{"class":184},"english",[56,31237,181],{"class":180},[56,31239,78],{"class":70},[56,31241,29001],{"class":74},[56,31243,9337],{"class":70},[56,31245,31246],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31247,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31249,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31251,16469],{"class":62},[56,31253,98],{"class":70},[56,31255,30546],{"class":101},[56,31257,115],{"class":70},[56,31259,9350],{"class":101},[56,31261,238],{"class":70},[56,31263,31264,31266,31268,31270],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,31265,112],{"class":111},[56,31267,115],{"class":70},[56,31269,16469],{"class":101},[56,31271,238],{"class":70},[20,31273,241],{},[47,31275,31277],{"className":49,"code":31276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31278,31279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31280,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31282,9366],{"class":70},[56,31284,254],{"class":180},[56,31286,18497],{"class":184},[56,31288,254],{"class":180},[56,31290,141],{"class":70},[56,31292,19978],{"class":74},[56,31294,78],{"class":70},[56,31296,263],{"class":180},[56,31298,18506],{"class":184},[56,31300,254],{"class":180},[56,31302,141],{"class":70},[56,31304,13585],{"class":74},[56,31306,78],{"class":70},[56,31308,263],{"class":180},[56,31310,31235],{"class":184},[56,31312,254],{"class":180},[56,31314,141],{"class":70},[56,31316,29001],{"class":74},[56,31318,9397],{"class":70},[20,31320,31321],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[143,31323,31324,31327],{},[146,31325,31326],{},"The key",[146,31328,31329],{},"The value",[20,31331,31332],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31334,31335],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[47,31337,31339],{"className":49,"code":31338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31340,31341,31361,31386,31390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31342,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31344,9253],{"class":62},[56,31346,67],{"class":66},[56,31348,10579],{"class":70},[56,31350,181],{"class":180},[56,31352,36],{"class":184},[56,31354,181],{"class":180},[56,31356,141],{"class":70},[56,31358,910],{"class":74},[56,31360,9397],{"class":70},[56,31362,31363,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31364,31365],{"class":62},"bad_pairs ",[56,31367,67],{"class":66},[56,31369,9308],{"class":70},[56,31371,181],{"class":180},[56,31373,194],{"class":184},[56,31375,181],{"class":180},[56,31377,78],{"class":70},[56,31379,81],{"class":74},[56,31381,78],{"class":70},[56,31383,86],{"class":74},[56,31385,9337],{"class":70},[56,31387,31388],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31389,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31391,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31403],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31393,9292],{"class":62},[56,31395,98],{"class":70},[56,31397,30546],{"class":101},[56,31399,115],{"class":70},[56,31401,31402],{"class":101},"bad_pairs",[56,31404,238],{"class":70},[20,31406,31407],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31409,31410],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[42,31412,31414],{"id":31413},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31416,31417],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[47,31419,31421],{"className":49,"code":31420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31422,31423,31447,31479],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31424,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31426,11574],{"class":62},[56,31428,67],{"class":66},[56,31430,10579],{"class":70},[56,31432,181],{"class":180},[56,31434,7759],{"class":184},[56,31436,181],{"class":180},[56,31438,141],{"class":70},[56,31440,191],{"class":180},[56,31442,28994],{"class":184},[56,31444,181],{"class":180},[56,31446,9397],{"class":70},[56,31448,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31468,31470,31472,31475,31477],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31450,11668],{"class":62},[56,31452,98],{"class":70},[56,31454,30546],{"class":101},[56,31456,115],{"class":70},[56,31458,9387],{"class":9263},[56,31460,67],{"class":66},[56,31462,9281],{"class":74},[56,31464,78],{"class":70},[56,31466,31467],{"class":9263}," city",[56,31469,67],{"class":66},[56,31471,181],{"class":180},[56,31473,31474],{"class":184},"Madrid",[56,31476,181],{"class":180},[56,31478,238],{"class":70},[56,31480,31481,31483,31485,31487],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31482,112],{"class":111},[56,31484,115],{"class":70},[56,31486,11668],{"class":101},[56,31488,238],{"class":70},[20,31490,241],{},[47,31492,31494],{"className":49,"code":31493,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31495,31496],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31497,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31499,9366],{"class":70},[56,31501,254],{"class":180},[56,31503,7759],{"class":184},[56,31505,254],{"class":180},[56,31507,141],{"class":70},[56,31509,263],{"class":180},[56,31511,28994],{"class":184},[56,31513,254],{"class":180},[56,31515,78],{"class":70},[56,31517,263],{"class":180},[56,31519,9387],{"class":184},[56,31521,254],{"class":180},[56,31523,141],{"class":70},[56,31525,9394],{"class":74},[56,31527,78],{"class":70},[56,31529,263],{"class":180},[56,31531,10497],{"class":184},[56,31533,254],{"class":180},[56,31535,141],{"class":70},[56,31537,263],{"class":180},[56,31539,31474],{"class":184},[56,31541,254],{"class":180},[56,31543,9397],{"class":70},[20,31545,31546],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31548,31549],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31551,31552],{},"These work:",[143,31554,31555,31559,31563],{},[146,31556,31557],{},[15,31558,9387],{},[146,31560,31561],{},[15,31562,10497],{},[146,31564,31565],{},[15,31566,31567],{},"first_name",[20,31569,31570],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[143,31572,31573,31578],{},[146,31574,31575],{},[15,31576,31577],{},"\"first name\"",[146,31579,31580],{},[15,31581,31582],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31584,31585],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[47,31587,31589],{"className":49,"code":31588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31590,31591,31599,31639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31592,31593,31595,31597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31594,11574],{"class":62},[56,31596,67],{"class":66},[56,31598,9926],{"class":70},[56,31600,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31630,31632,31634,31637],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31602,11668],{"class":62},[56,31604,98],{"class":70},[56,31606,30546],{"class":101},[56,31608,5619],{"class":70},[56,31610,181],{"class":180},[56,31612,10601],{"class":184},[56,31614,181],{"class":180},[56,31616,141],{"class":70},[56,31618,191],{"class":180},[56,31620,28994],{"class":184},[56,31622,181],{"class":180},[56,31624,78],{"class":70},[56,31626,191],{"class":180},[56,31628,31629],{"class":184},"user-id",[56,31631,181],{"class":180},[56,31633,141],{"class":70},[56,31635,31636],{"class":74}," 1001",[56,31638,30578],{"class":70},[56,31640,31641,31643,31645,31647],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31642,112],{"class":111},[56,31644,115],{"class":70},[56,31646,11668],{"class":101},[56,31648,238],{"class":70},[42,31650,17500],{"id":17499},[20,31652,31653,2494,31655,98],{},[15,31654,15033],{},[15,31656,157],{},[20,31658,14127],{},[20,31660,24789],{},[47,31662,31664],{"className":49,"code":31663,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31665,31666,31690,31716,31720,31730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31667,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31669,13282],{"class":62},[56,31671,67],{"class":66},[56,31673,10579],{"class":70},[56,31675,181],{"class":180},[56,31677,7759],{"class":184},[56,31679,181],{"class":180},[56,31681,141],{"class":70},[56,31683,191],{"class":180},[56,31685,12961],{"class":184},[56,31687,181],{"class":180},[56,31689,9397],{"class":70},[56,31691,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31693,1156],{"class":62},[56,31695,67],{"class":66},[56,31697,13325],{"class":62},[56,31699,98],{"class":70},[56,31701,30546],{"class":101},[56,31703,5619],{"class":70},[56,31705,181],{"class":180},[56,31707,9387],{"class":184},[56,31709,181],{"class":180},[56,31711,141],{"class":70},[56,31713,449],{"class":74},[56,31715,30578],{"class":70},[56,31717,31718],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31719,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31721,31722,31724,31726,31728],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31723,112],{"class":111},[56,31725,115],{"class":70},[56,31727,1190],{"class":101},[56,31729,238],{"class":70},[56,31731,31732,31734,31736,31738],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,31733,112],{"class":111},[56,31735,115],{"class":70},[56,31737,17388],{"class":101},[56,31739,238],{"class":70},[20,31741,241],{},[47,31743,31745],{"className":49,"code":31744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31746,31747,31751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31748,31749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31750,894],{"class":893},[56,31752,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31754,9366],{"class":70},[56,31756,254],{"class":180},[56,31758,7759],{"class":184},[56,31760,254],{"class":180},[56,31762,141],{"class":70},[56,31764,263],{"class":180},[56,31766,12961],{"class":184},[56,31768,254],{"class":180},[56,31770,78],{"class":70},[56,31772,263],{"class":180},[56,31774,9387],{"class":184},[56,31776,254],{"class":180},[56,31778,141],{"class":70},[56,31780,449],{"class":74},[56,31782,9397],{"class":70},[20,31784,16736],{},[47,31786,31788],{"className":49,"code":31787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31789,31790,31814,31836,31840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31791,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31793,13282],{"class":62},[56,31795,67],{"class":66},[56,31797,10579],{"class":70},[56,31799,181],{"class":180},[56,31801,7759],{"class":184},[56,31803,181],{"class":180},[56,31805,141],{"class":70},[56,31807,191],{"class":180},[56,31809,12961],{"class":184},[56,31811,181],{"class":180},[56,31813,9397],{"class":70},[56,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31817,17388],{"class":62},[56,31819,98],{"class":70},[56,31821,30546],{"class":101},[56,31823,5619],{"class":70},[56,31825,181],{"class":180},[56,31827,9387],{"class":184},[56,31829,181],{"class":180},[56,31831,141],{"class":70},[56,31833,449],{"class":74},[56,31835,30578],{"class":70},[56,31837,31838],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31839,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31841,31842,31844,31846,31848],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31843,112],{"class":111},[56,31845,115],{"class":70},[56,31847,17388],{"class":101},[56,31849,238],{"class":70},[20,31851,241],{},[47,31853,31855],{"className":49,"code":31854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31856,31857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31858,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31860,9366],{"class":70},[56,31862,254],{"class":180},[56,31864,7759],{"class":184},[56,31866,254],{"class":180},[56,31868,141],{"class":70},[56,31870,263],{"class":180},[56,31872,12961],{"class":184},[56,31874,254],{"class":180},[56,31876,78],{"class":70},[56,31878,263],{"class":180},[56,31880,9387],{"class":184},[56,31882,254],{"class":180},[56,31884,141],{"class":70},[56,31886,449],{"class":74},[56,31888,9397],{"class":70},[20,31890,31891,31892,98],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[36,31893,17984],{"href":10819},[42,31895,1389,31897],{"id":31896},"when-to-use-update",[15,31898,15033],{},[20,31900,650,31901,10689],{},[15,31902,15033],{},[143,31904,31905,31908,31911,31914],{},[146,31906,31907],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[146,31909,31910],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[146,31912,31913],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[146,31915,31916],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31918,31919],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[47,31921,31923],{"className":49,"code":31922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31924,31925,31961,31976,31980,32019,32023,32033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31926,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31928,12169],{"class":62},[56,31930,67],{"class":66},[56,31932,10579],{"class":70},[56,31934,181],{"class":180},[56,31936,7759],{"class":184},[56,31938,181],{"class":180},[56,31940,141],{"class":70},[56,31942,191],{"class":180},[56,31944,12961],{"class":184},[56,31946,181],{"class":180},[56,31948,78],{"class":70},[56,31950,191],{"class":180},[56,31952,9387],{"class":184},[56,31954,181],{"class":180},[56,31956,141],{"class":70},[56,31958,449],{"class":74},[56,31960,9397],{"class":70},[56,31962,31963,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,31964,31965],{"class":62},"updated ",[56,31967,67],{"class":66},[56,31969,12244],{"class":62},[56,31971,98],{"class":70},[56,31973,12992],{"class":101},[56,31975,105],{"class":70},[56,31977,31978],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,31979,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,31981,31982,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,31983,31984],{"class":62},"updated",[56,31986,98],{"class":70},[56,31988,30546],{"class":101},[56,31990,5619],{"class":70},[56,31992,181],{"class":180},[56,31994,9387],{"class":184},[56,31996,181],{"class":180},[56,31998,141],{"class":70},[56,32000,30559],{"class":74},[56,32002,78],{"class":70},[56,32004,191],{"class":180},[56,32006,10497],{"class":184},[56,32008,181],{"class":180},[56,32010,141],{"class":70},[56,32012,191],{"class":180},[56,32014,16111],{"class":184},[56,32016,181],{"class":180},[56,32018,30578],{"class":70},[56,32020,32021],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,32022,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,32026,112],{"class":111},[56,32028,115],{"class":70},[56,32030,12216],{"class":101},[56,32032,238],{"class":70},[56,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,32036,112],{"class":111},[56,32038,115],{"class":70},[56,32040,31984],{"class":101},[56,32042,238],{"class":70},[20,32044,241],{},[47,32046,32048],{"className":49,"code":32047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32049,32050,32082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32051,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32053,9366],{"class":70},[56,32055,254],{"class":180},[56,32057,7759],{"class":184},[56,32059,254],{"class":180},[56,32061,141],{"class":70},[56,32063,263],{"class":180},[56,32065,12961],{"class":184},[56,32067,254],{"class":180},[56,32069,78],{"class":70},[56,32071,263],{"class":180},[56,32073,9387],{"class":184},[56,32075,254],{"class":180},[56,32077,141],{"class":70},[56,32079,449],{"class":74},[56,32081,9397],{"class":70},[56,32083,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32085,9366],{"class":70},[56,32087,254],{"class":180},[56,32089,7759],{"class":184},[56,32091,254],{"class":180},[56,32093,141],{"class":70},[56,32095,263],{"class":180},[56,32097,12961],{"class":184},[56,32099,254],{"class":180},[56,32101,78],{"class":70},[56,32103,263],{"class":180},[56,32105,9387],{"class":184},[56,32107,254],{"class":180},[56,32109,141],{"class":70},[56,32111,30559],{"class":74},[56,32113,78],{"class":70},[56,32115,263],{"class":180},[56,32117,10497],{"class":184},[56,32119,254],{"class":180},[56,32121,141],{"class":70},[56,32123,263],{"class":180},[56,32125,16111],{"class":184},[56,32127,254],{"class":180},[56,32129,9397],{"class":70},[20,32131,32132,32133,98],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[36,32134,16678],{"href":16677},[42,32136,1418],{"id":1417},[20,32138,10835,32139,141],{},[15,32140,15033],{},[143,32142,32143,32150,32154,32157,32160],{},[146,32144,1429,32145,32147,32148],{},[15,32146,15033],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32149,157],{},[146,32151,1435,32152,12684],{},[15,32153,15033],{},[146,32155,32156],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[146,32158,32159],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[146,32161,32162],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32164,32165],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[47,32167,32169],{"className":49,"code":32168,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32170,32171,32181,32195,32209,32231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32172,32173,32175,32177,32179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32174,112],{"class":111},[56,32176,115],{"class":70},[56,32178,11537],{"class":101},[56,32180,238],{"class":70},[56,32182,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32184,112],{"class":111},[56,32186,115],{"class":70},[56,32188,1546],{"class":1545},[56,32190,115],{"class":70},[56,32192,9292],{"class":101},[56,32194,1553],{"class":70},[56,32196,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,32198,112],{"class":111},[56,32200,115],{"class":70},[56,32202,1644],{"class":1545},[56,32204,115],{"class":70},[56,32206,9292],{"class":101},[56,32208,1553],{"class":70},[56,32210,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,32212,112],{"class":111},[56,32214,115],{"class":70},[56,32216,11537],{"class":101},[56,32218,98],{"class":70},[56,32220,19830],{"class":101},[56,32222,115],{"class":70},[56,32224,254],{"class":180},[56,32226,14920],{"class":184},[56,32228,254],{"class":180},[56,32230,1553],{"class":70},[56,32232,32233,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,32234,32235],{"class":111},"help",[56,32237,115],{"class":70},[56,32239,8908],{"class":1545},[56,32241,98],{"class":70},[56,32243,30546],{"class":24831},[56,32245,238],{"class":70},[20,32247,32248],{},"These can help you check:",[143,32250,32251,32254,32259,32262,32265],{},[146,32252,32253],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[146,32255,32256,32257],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32258,15033],{},[146,32260,32261],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[146,32263,32264],{},"Whether a key exists",[146,32266,32267],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32269,32270,32271,98],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[36,32272,11351],{"href":11162},[42,32274,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,32276,1892,32278,32280],{"id":32277},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32279,15033],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32282,32283,32284,98],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32285,157],{},[1030,32287,1892,32289,32291],{"id":32288},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32290,15033],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32293,32294],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1030,32296,5258,32298,32300],{"id":32297},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32299,15033],{}," add new keys?",[20,32302,32303],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1030,32305,1925,32307,32309],{"id":32306},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32308,15033],{}," with a list?",[20,32311,32312,32313,98],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32314,11183],{},[1030,32316,5268,32318,32320],{"id":32317},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32319,15033],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32322,32323,32324,32326],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32325,15033],{}," can change many keys at once.",[42,32328,1996],{"id":1995},[143,32330,32331,32335,32339,32344,32348],{},[146,32332,32333],{},[36,32334,26177],{"href":9479},[146,32336,32337],{},[36,32338,11340],{"href":10819},[146,32340,32341],{},[36,32342,32343],{"href":31168},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[146,32345,32346],{},[36,32347,21538],{"href":16677},[146,32349,32350],{},[36,32351,11351],{"href":11162},[2028,32353,32354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":32356},[32357,32358,32360,32361,32363,32365,32366,32367,32369,32370,32382],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":30601,"depth":92,"text":32359},"What update() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":30961,"depth":92,"text":32362},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31172,"depth":92,"text":32364},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31413,"depth":92,"text":31414},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":31896,"depth":92,"text":32368},"When to use update()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":32371},[32372,32374,32376,32378,32380],{"id":32277,"depth":108,"text":32373},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32288,"depth":108,"text":32375},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32297,"depth":108,"text":32377},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32306,"depth":108,"text":32379},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32317,"depth":108,"text":32381},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30479,"description":32383},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32389,"title":32390,"body":32391,"description":34377,"extension":2062,"meta":34378,"navigation":600,"path":22975,"seo":34379,"stem":34380,"__hash__":34381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32392,"toc":34340},[32393,32398,32405,32408,32410,32509,32511,32566,32571,32576,32590,32595,32597,32612,32614,32628,32641,32646,32652,32659,32661,32768,32770,32819,32825,32900,32902,32923,32925,32928,33033,33035,33090,33092,33120,33124,33129,33208,33210,33230,33232,33243,33253,33257,33262,33366,33368,33393,33396,33407,33412,33421,33424,33441,33443,33530,33532,33595,33597,33620,33622,33627,33633,33638,33640,33679,33684,33687,33706,33717,33723,33726,33799,33801,33820,33825,33828,33851,33857,33860,33924,33927,34004,34011,34014,34073,34079,34081,34100,34104,34107,34158,34161,34181,34183,34244,34246,34251,34256,34261,34266,34271,34276,34282,34285,34292,34300,34302,34337],[10,32394,11407,32396,18],{"id":32395},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32397,17152],{},[20,32399,32400,32401,32404],{},"The Python ",[15,32402,32403],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32406,32407],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[42,32409,2104],{"id":2103},[47,32411,32413],{"className":49,"code":32412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32414,32415,32467,32481,32485,32495],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32416,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32418,12944],{"class":62},[56,32420,67],{"class":66},[56,32422,10579],{"class":70},[56,32424,181],{"class":180},[56,32426,7759],{"class":184},[56,32428,181],{"class":180},[56,32430,141],{"class":70},[56,32432,191],{"class":180},[56,32434,12961],{"class":184},[56,32436,181],{"class":180},[56,32438,78],{"class":70},[56,32440,191],{"class":180},[56,32442,9387],{"class":184},[56,32444,181],{"class":180},[56,32446,141],{"class":70},[56,32448,449],{"class":74},[56,32450,78],{"class":70},[56,32452,191],{"class":180},[56,32454,10497],{"class":184},[56,32456,181],{"class":180},[56,32458,141],{"class":70},[56,32460,191],{"class":180},[56,32462,16111],{"class":184},[56,32464,181],{"class":180},[56,32466,9397],{"class":70},[56,32468,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32470,3912],{"class":62},[56,32472,67],{"class":66},[56,32474,12987],{"class":62},[56,32476,98],{"class":70},[56,32478,5448],{"class":101},[56,32480,105],{"class":70},[56,32482,32483],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,32484,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32486,32487,32489,32491,32493],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,32488,112],{"class":111},[56,32490,115],{"class":70},[56,32492,5448],{"class":101},[56,32494,238],{"class":70},[56,32496,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,32498,112],{"class":111},[56,32500,115],{"class":70},[56,32502,1644],{"class":1545},[56,32504,115],{"class":70},[56,32506,5448],{"class":101},[56,32508,1553],{"class":70},[20,32510,241],{},[47,32512,32514],{"className":49,"code":32513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32515,32516,32542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32517,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32519,17118],{"class":101},[56,32521,3084],{"class":70},[56,32523,254],{"class":180},[56,32525,12961],{"class":184},[56,32527,254],{"class":180},[56,32529,78],{"class":70},[56,32531,449],{"class":74},[56,32533,78],{"class":70},[56,32535,263],{"class":180},[56,32537,16111],{"class":184},[56,32539,254],{"class":180},[56,32541,1607],{"class":70},[56,32543,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32545,251],{"class":70},[56,32547,254],{"class":180},[56,32549,12961],{"class":184},[56,32551,254],{"class":180},[56,32553,78],{"class":70},[56,32555,449],{"class":74},[56,32557,78],{"class":70},[56,32559,263],{"class":180},[56,32561,16111],{"class":184},[56,32563,254],{"class":180},[56,32565,89],{"class":70},[20,32567,32568,32570],{},[15,32569,17152],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[42,32572,133,32574,136],{"id":32573},"what-values-does",[15,32575,17152],{},[143,32577,32578,32581,32584,32587],{},[146,32579,32580],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[146,32582,32583],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[146,32585,32586],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[146,32588,32589],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32591,32592,32593,98],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[36,32594,9480],{"href":9479},[42,32596,289],{"id":288},[47,32598,32600],{"className":49,"code":32599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32601,32602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32603,32604,32606,32608,32610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32605,11537],{"class":62},[56,32607,98],{"class":70},[56,32609,5448],{"class":101},[56,32611,105],{"class":70},[20,32613,311],{},[143,32615,32616,32620,32623],{},[146,32617,32618,11553],{},[15,32619,17152],{},[146,32621,32622],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[146,32624,32625,32626],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32627,17152],{},[20,32629,32630,32631,4480,32636,98],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[36,32632,32633,32635],{"href":17143},[15,32634,17146],{}," for dictionary keys",[36,32637,32638,32640],{"href":17156},[15,32639,17159],{}," for key-value pairs",[42,32642,133,32644,11791],{"id":32643},"what-values-returns",[15,32645,17152],{},[20,32647,32648,22056,32650,24845],{},[15,32649,17152],{},[15,32651,17118],{},[20,32653,32654,32655,32658],{},"This object is a ",[540,32656,32657],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32660,163],{},[47,32662,32664],{"className":49,"code":32663,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32665,32666,32702,32706,32721,32732,32736,32758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32667,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32669,13282],{"class":62},[56,32671,67],{"class":66},[56,32673,10579],{"class":70},[56,32675,181],{"class":180},[56,32677,7759],{"class":184},[56,32679,181],{"class":180},[56,32681,141],{"class":70},[56,32683,191],{"class":180},[56,32685,8012],{"class":184},[56,32687,181],{"class":180},[56,32689,78],{"class":70},[56,32691,191],{"class":180},[56,32693,9387],{"class":184},[56,32695,181],{"class":180},[56,32697,141],{"class":70},[56,32699,9394],{"class":74},[56,32701,9397],{"class":70},[56,32703,32704],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32705,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32707,32708,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,32709,32710],{"class":62},"values_view ",[56,32712,67],{"class":66},[56,32714,13325],{"class":62},[56,32716,98],{"class":70},[56,32718,5448],{"class":101},[56,32720,105],{"class":70},[56,32722,32723,32725,32727,32730],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,32724,112],{"class":111},[56,32726,115],{"class":70},[56,32728,32729],{"class":101},"values_view",[56,32731,238],{"class":70},[56,32733,32734],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,32735,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32737,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,32739,17388],{"class":62},[56,32741,251],{"class":70},[56,32743,181],{"class":180},[56,32745,10497],{"class":184},[56,32747,181],{"class":180},[56,32749,13351],{"class":70},[56,32751,13354],{"class":66},[56,32753,191],{"class":180},[56,32755,30725],{"class":184},[56,32757,1476],{"class":180},[56,32759,32760,32762,32764,32766],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,32761,112],{"class":111},[56,32763,115],{"class":70},[56,32765,32729],{"class":101},[56,32767,238],{"class":70},[20,32769,241],{},[47,32771,32773],{"className":49,"code":32772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32774,32775,32793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32776,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32778,17118],{"class":101},[56,32780,3084],{"class":70},[56,32782,254],{"class":180},[56,32784,8012],{"class":184},[56,32786,254],{"class":180},[56,32788,78],{"class":70},[56,32790,9394],{"class":74},[56,32792,1607],{"class":70},[56,32794,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32796,17118],{"class":101},[56,32798,3084],{"class":70},[56,32800,254],{"class":180},[56,32802,8012],{"class":184},[56,32804,254],{"class":180},[56,32806,78],{"class":70},[56,32808,9394],{"class":74},[56,32810,78],{"class":70},[56,32812,263],{"class":180},[56,32814,30725],{"class":184},[56,32816,254],{"class":180},[56,32818,1607],{"class":70},[20,32820,32821,32822,98],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32823,32824],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[47,32826,32828],{"className":49,"code":32827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32829,32830,32866,32885,32889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32831,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32833,13282],{"class":62},[56,32835,67],{"class":66},[56,32837,10579],{"class":70},[56,32839,181],{"class":180},[56,32841,7759],{"class":184},[56,32843,181],{"class":180},[56,32845,141],{"class":70},[56,32847,191],{"class":180},[56,32849,8012],{"class":184},[56,32851,181],{"class":180},[56,32853,78],{"class":70},[56,32855,191],{"class":180},[56,32857,9387],{"class":184},[56,32859,181],{"class":180},[56,32861,141],{"class":70},[56,32863,9394],{"class":74},[56,32865,9397],{"class":70},[56,32867,32868,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32869,32870],{"class":62},"values_list ",[56,32872,67],{"class":66},[56,32874,1878],{"class":1545},[56,32876,115],{"class":70},[56,32878,17388],{"class":101},[56,32880,98],{"class":70},[56,32882,5448],{"class":101},[56,32884,7284],{"class":70},[56,32886,32887],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,32888,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32890,32891,32893,32895,32898],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,32892,112],{"class":111},[56,32894,115],{"class":70},[56,32896,32897],{"class":101},"values_list",[56,32899,238],{"class":70},[20,32901,241],{},[47,32903,32905],{"className":49,"code":32904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32906,32907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32908,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32910,251],{"class":70},[56,32912,254],{"class":180},[56,32914,8012],{"class":184},[56,32916,254],{"class":180},[56,32918,78],{"class":70},[56,32920,9394],{"class":74},[56,32922,89],{"class":70},[42,32924,425],{"id":424},[20,32926,32927],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[47,32929,32931],{"className":49,"code":32930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32932,32933,32987,32991,33005,33009,33019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32934,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965,32968,32970,32972,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32936,24877],{"class":62},[56,32938,67],{"class":66},[56,32940,10579],{"class":70},[56,32942,181],{"class":180},[56,32944,24886],{"class":184},[56,32946,181],{"class":180},[56,32948,141],{"class":70},[56,32950,191],{"class":180},[56,32952,24895],{"class":184},[56,32954,181],{"class":180},[56,32956,78],{"class":70},[56,32958,191],{"class":180},[56,32960,24904],{"class":184},[56,32962,181],{"class":180},[56,32964,141],{"class":70},[56,32966,32967],{"class":74}," 2022",[56,32969,78],{"class":70},[56,32971,191],{"class":180},[56,32973,32974],{"class":184},"color",[56,32976,181],{"class":180},[56,32978,141],{"class":70},[56,32980,191],{"class":180},[56,32982,361],{"class":184},[56,32984,181],{"class":180},[56,32986,9397],{"class":70},[56,32988,32989],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,32990,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,32992,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,32994,1156],{"class":62},[56,32996,67],{"class":66},[56,32998,24926],{"class":62},[56,33000,98],{"class":70},[56,33002,5448],{"class":101},[56,33004,105],{"class":70},[56,33006,33007],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33008,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33010,33011,33013,33015,33017],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,33012,112],{"class":111},[56,33014,115],{"class":70},[56,33016,1190],{"class":101},[56,33018,238],{"class":70},[56,33020,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,33022,112],{"class":111},[56,33024,115],{"class":70},[56,33026,1644],{"class":1545},[56,33028,115],{"class":70},[56,33030,1190],{"class":101},[56,33032,1553],{"class":70},[20,33034,241],{},[47,33036,33038],{"className":49,"code":33037,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33039,33040,33066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33041,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33043,17118],{"class":101},[56,33045,3084],{"class":70},[56,33047,254],{"class":180},[56,33049,24895],{"class":184},[56,33051,254],{"class":180},[56,33053,78],{"class":70},[56,33055,32967],{"class":74},[56,33057,78],{"class":70},[56,33059,263],{"class":180},[56,33061,361],{"class":184},[56,33063,254],{"class":180},[56,33065,1607],{"class":70},[56,33067,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33069,251],{"class":70},[56,33071,254],{"class":180},[56,33073,24895],{"class":184},[56,33075,254],{"class":180},[56,33077,78],{"class":70},[56,33079,32967],{"class":74},[56,33081,78],{"class":70},[56,33083,263],{"class":180},[56,33085,361],{"class":184},[56,33087,254],{"class":180},[56,33089,89],{"class":70},[20,33091,513],{},[143,33093,33094,33100,33106,33114],{},[146,33095,33096,33099],{},[15,33097,33098],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[146,33101,33102,33105],{},[15,33103,33104],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[146,33107,33108,33111,33112,24698],{},[15,33109,33110],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33113,17118],{},[146,33115,33116,33119],{},[15,33117,33118],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[42,33121,33123],{"id":33122},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33125,33126,33127,26146],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33128,6048],{},[47,33130,33132],{"className":49,"code":33131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33133,33134,33178,33182,33198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33135,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33137,5151],{"class":62},[56,33139,67],{"class":66},[56,33141,10579],{"class":70},[56,33143,181],{"class":180},[56,33145,18497],{"class":184},[56,33147,181],{"class":180},[56,33149,141],{"class":70},[56,33151,19978],{"class":74},[56,33153,78],{"class":70},[56,33155,191],{"class":180},[56,33157,31235],{"class":184},[56,33159,181],{"class":180},[56,33161,141],{"class":70},[56,33163,13585],{"class":74},[56,33165,78],{"class":70},[56,33167,191],{"class":180},[56,33169,18506],{"class":184},[56,33171,181],{"class":180},[56,33173,141],{"class":70},[56,33175,29001],{"class":74},[56,33177,9397],{"class":70},[56,33179,33180],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33181,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33183,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33185,6048],{"class":3965},[56,33187,21665],{"class":62},[56,33189,3972],{"class":3965},[56,33191,5198],{"class":62},[56,33193,98],{"class":70},[56,33195,5448],{"class":101},[56,33197,21676],{"class":70},[56,33199,33200,33202,33204,33206],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33201,8160],{"class":111},[56,33203,115],{"class":70},[56,33205,2570],{"class":101},[56,33207,238],{"class":70},[20,33209,241],{},[47,33211,33213],{"className":49,"code":33212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33214,33215,33220,33225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33216,33217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33218,33219],{"class":74},"90\n",[56,33221,33222],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33223,33224],{"class":74},"85\n",[56,33226,33227],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33228,33229],{"class":74},"88\n",[20,33231,17790],{},[143,33233,33234,33237,33240],{},[146,33235,33236],{},"You only need the values",[146,33238,33239],{},"You do not care about the keys",[146,33241,33242],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33244,33245,33246,2976,33250,98],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[36,33247,10825,33248,1384],{"href":17156},[15,33249,17159],{},[36,33251,22556],{"href":33252},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[42,33254,33256],{"id":33255},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33258,650,33259,33261],{},[15,33260,32824],{}," when you need a list.",[47,33263,33265],{"className":49,"code":33264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33266,33267,33313,33317,33337,33341,33352],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33268,33269,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33305,33307,33309,33311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33270,33271],{"class":62},"fruit_prices ",[56,33273,67],{"class":66},[56,33275,10579],{"class":70},[56,33277,181],{"class":180},[56,33279,562],{"class":184},[56,33281,181],{"class":180},[56,33283,141],{"class":70},[56,33285,81],{"class":74},[56,33287,78],{"class":70},[56,33289,191],{"class":180},[56,33291,571],{"class":184},[56,33293,181],{"class":180},[56,33295,141],{"class":70},[56,33297,910],{"class":74},[56,33299,78],{"class":70},[56,33301,191],{"class":180},[56,33303,33304],{"class":184},"orange",[56,33306,181],{"class":180},[56,33308,141],{"class":70},[56,33310,86],{"class":74},[56,33312,9397],{"class":70},[56,33314,33315],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33316,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33318,33319,33322,33324,33326,33328,33331,33333,33335],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33320,33321],{"class":62},"price_list ",[56,33323,67],{"class":66},[56,33325,1878],{"class":1545},[56,33327,115],{"class":70},[56,33329,33330],{"class":101},"fruit_prices",[56,33332,98],{"class":70},[56,33334,5448],{"class":101},[56,33336,7284],{"class":70},[56,33338,33339],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33340,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33342,33343,33345,33347,33350],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,33344,112],{"class":111},[56,33346,115],{"class":70},[56,33348,33349],{"class":101},"price_list",[56,33351,238],{"class":70},[56,33353,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,33355,112],{"class":111},[56,33357,115],{"class":70},[56,33359,33349],{"class":101},[56,33361,251],{"class":70},[56,33363,2218],{"class":74},[56,33365,1607],{"class":70},[20,33367,241],{},[47,33369,33371],{"className":49,"code":33370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33372,33373,33389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33376,251],{"class":70},[56,33378,1097],{"class":74},[56,33380,78],{"class":70},[56,33382,910],{"class":74},[56,33384,78],{"class":70},[56,33386,86],{"class":74},[56,33388,89],{"class":70},[56,33390,33391],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33392,17137],{"class":74},[20,33394,33395],{},"This is helpful for:",[143,33397,33398,33401,33404],{},[146,33399,33400],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[146,33402,33403],{},"Accessing values by index",[146,33405,33406],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33408,4013,33409,33411],{},[15,33410,17118],{}," is not the same as a list.",[42,33413,33415,1021,33417,1021,33419],{"id":33414},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33416,17152],{},[15,33418,17146],{},[15,33420,17159],{},[20,33422,33423],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[143,33425,33426,33431,33436],{},[146,33427,33428,33430],{},[15,33429,17152],{}," returns only the values",[146,33432,33433,33435],{},[15,33434,17146],{}," returns only the keys",[146,33437,33438,33440],{},[15,33439,17159],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33442,2224],{},[47,33444,33446],{"className":49,"code":33445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33447,33448,33484,33488,33502,33516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33449,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33451,12944],{"class":62},[56,33453,67],{"class":66},[56,33455,10579],{"class":70},[56,33457,181],{"class":180},[56,33459,7759],{"class":184},[56,33461,181],{"class":180},[56,33463,141],{"class":70},[56,33465,191],{"class":180},[56,33467,12961],{"class":184},[56,33469,181],{"class":180},[56,33471,78],{"class":70},[56,33473,191],{"class":180},[56,33475,9387],{"class":184},[56,33477,181],{"class":180},[56,33479,141],{"class":70},[56,33481,449],{"class":74},[56,33483,9397],{"class":70},[56,33485,33486],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33487,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33489,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33491,112],{"class":111},[56,33493,115],{"class":70},[56,33495,13704],{"class":101},[56,33497,98],{"class":70},[56,33499,17004],{"class":101},[56,33501,7284],{"class":70},[56,33503,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512,33514],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33505,112],{"class":111},[56,33507,115],{"class":70},[56,33509,13704],{"class":101},[56,33511,98],{"class":70},[56,33513,5448],{"class":101},[56,33515,7284],{"class":70},[56,33517,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,33519,112],{"class":111},[56,33521,115],{"class":70},[56,33523,13704],{"class":101},[56,33525,98],{"class":70},[56,33527,7900],{"class":101},[56,33529,7284],{"class":70},[20,33531,241],{},[47,33533,33535],{"className":49,"code":33534,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33536,33537,33559,33577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33538,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33540,17095],{"class":101},[56,33542,3084],{"class":70},[56,33544,254],{"class":180},[56,33546,7759],{"class":184},[56,33548,254],{"class":180},[56,33550,78],{"class":70},[56,33552,263],{"class":180},[56,33554,9387],{"class":184},[56,33556,254],{"class":180},[56,33558,1607],{"class":70},[56,33560,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33562,17118],{"class":101},[56,33564,3084],{"class":70},[56,33566,254],{"class":180},[56,33568,12961],{"class":184},[56,33570,254],{"class":180},[56,33572,78],{"class":70},[56,33574,449],{"class":74},[56,33576,1607],{"class":70},[56,33578,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33580,21989],{"class":101},[56,33582,9746],{"class":70},[56,33584,254],{"class":180},[56,33586,7759],{"class":184},[56,33588,254],{"class":180},[56,33590,78],{"class":70},[56,33592,449],{"class":74},[56,33594,10767],{"class":70},[20,33596,18775],{},[143,33598,33599,33606,33613],{},[146,33600,33601,33605],{},[36,33602,33603],{"href":17143},[15,33604,17146],{}," when you need just the keys",[146,33607,33608,33612],{},[36,33609,33610],{"href":17149},[15,33611,17152],{}," when you need just the values",[146,33614,33615,33619],{},[36,33616,33617],{"href":17156},[15,33618,17159],{}," when you need both",[42,33621,4606],{"id":4605},[20,33623,33624,33625,98],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33626,17152],{},[1030,33628,29731,33630,33632],{"id":33629},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33631,17152],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33634,33635,33637],{},[15,33636,17152],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33639,16724],{},[47,33641,33643],{"className":49,"code":33642,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33644,33645,33665],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33646,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33648,1506],{"class":62},[56,33650,67],{"class":66},[56,33652,71],{"class":70},[56,33654,75],{"class":74},[56,33656,78],{"class":70},[56,33658,81],{"class":74},[56,33660,78],{"class":70},[56,33662,86],{"class":74},[56,33664,89],{"class":70},[56,33666,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33668,112],{"class":111},[56,33670,115],{"class":70},[56,33672,302],{"class":101},[56,33674,98],{"class":70},[56,33676,5448],{"class":101},[56,33678,7284],{"class":70},[20,33680,33681,33682,1493],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33683,17152],{},[20,33685,33686],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[47,33688,33690],{"className":49,"code":33689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33691,33692],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33693,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33695,112],{"class":111},[56,33697,115],{"class":70},[56,33699,1546],{"class":1545},[56,33701,115],{"class":70},[56,33703,302],{"class":101},[56,33705,1553],{"class":70},[20,33707,33708,33709,33711,33712,98],{},"If you get an ",[15,33710,25753],{},", see ",[36,33713,25761,33714,33716],{"href":25760},[15,33715,25764],{}," errors",[1030,33718,4667,33720,33722],{"id":33719},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33721,17152],{}," returns a list",[20,33724,33725],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[47,33727,33729],{"className":49,"code":33728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33730,33731,33767,33781,33785],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33732,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33734,12944],{"class":62},[56,33736,67],{"class":66},[56,33738,10579],{"class":70},[56,33740,181],{"class":180},[56,33742,7759],{"class":184},[56,33744,181],{"class":180},[56,33746,141],{"class":70},[56,33748,191],{"class":180},[56,33750,12961],{"class":184},[56,33752,181],{"class":180},[56,33754,78],{"class":70},[56,33756,191],{"class":180},[56,33758,9387],{"class":184},[56,33760,181],{"class":180},[56,33762,141],{"class":70},[56,33764,449],{"class":74},[56,33766,9397],{"class":70},[56,33768,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33770,3912],{"class":62},[56,33772,67],{"class":66},[56,33774,12987],{"class":62},[56,33776,98],{"class":70},[56,33778,5448],{"class":101},[56,33780,105],{"class":70},[56,33782,33783],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33784,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33788,112],{"class":111},[56,33790,115],{"class":70},[56,33792,1546],{"class":1545},[56,33794,115],{"class":70},[56,33796,5448],{"class":101},[56,33798,1553],{"class":70},[20,33800,241],{},[47,33802,33804],{"className":49,"code":33803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33805,33806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33807,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33809,1635],{"class":66},[56,33811,1639],{"class":1638},[56,33813,263],{"class":180},[56,33815,17118],{"class":184},[56,33817,254],{"class":180},[56,33819,1649],{"class":66},[20,33821,5236,33822,33824],{},[15,33823,17118],{},", not a list.",[20,33826,33827],{},"If you need a list:",[47,33829,33831],{"className":49,"code":33830,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33832,33833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33834,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33836,3912],{"class":62},[56,33838,67],{"class":66},[56,33840,1878],{"class":1545},[56,33842,115],{"class":70},[56,33844,13704],{"class":101},[56,33846,98],{"class":70},[56,33848,5448],{"class":101},[56,33850,7284],{"class":70},[1030,33852,33854,33855],{"id":33853},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33856,17118],{},[20,33858,33859],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[47,33861,33863],{"className":49,"code":33862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33864,33865,33901,33915,33919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33866,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33868,12944],{"class":62},[56,33870,67],{"class":66},[56,33872,10579],{"class":70},[56,33874,181],{"class":180},[56,33876,7759],{"class":184},[56,33878,181],{"class":180},[56,33880,141],{"class":70},[56,33882,191],{"class":180},[56,33884,12961],{"class":184},[56,33886,181],{"class":180},[56,33888,78],{"class":70},[56,33890,191],{"class":180},[56,33892,9387],{"class":184},[56,33894,181],{"class":180},[56,33896,141],{"class":70},[56,33898,449],{"class":74},[56,33900,9397],{"class":70},[56,33902,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33904,3912],{"class":62},[56,33906,67],{"class":66},[56,33908,12987],{"class":62},[56,33910,98],{"class":70},[56,33912,5448],{"class":101},[56,33914,105],{"class":70},[56,33916,33917],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33918,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33920,33921],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33922,33923],{"class":123},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33925,33926],{},"Convert to a list first:",[47,33928,33930],{"className":49,"code":33929,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33931,33932,33968,33986,33990],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33933,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33935,12944],{"class":62},[56,33937,67],{"class":66},[56,33939,10579],{"class":70},[56,33941,181],{"class":180},[56,33943,7759],{"class":184},[56,33945,181],{"class":180},[56,33947,141],{"class":70},[56,33949,191],{"class":180},[56,33951,12961],{"class":184},[56,33953,181],{"class":180},[56,33955,78],{"class":70},[56,33957,191],{"class":180},[56,33959,9387],{"class":184},[56,33961,181],{"class":180},[56,33963,141],{"class":70},[56,33965,449],{"class":74},[56,33967,9397],{"class":70},[56,33969,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,33971,3912],{"class":62},[56,33973,67],{"class":66},[56,33975,1878],{"class":1545},[56,33977,115],{"class":70},[56,33979,13704],{"class":101},[56,33981,98],{"class":70},[56,33983,5448],{"class":101},[56,33985,7284],{"class":70},[56,33987,33988],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,33989,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,33991,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,33993,112],{"class":111},[56,33995,115],{"class":70},[56,33997,5448],{"class":101},[56,33999,251],{"class":70},[56,34001,2218],{"class":74},[56,34003,1607],{"class":70},[1030,34005,1441,34007,11180,34009],{"id":34006},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34008,5448],{},[15,34010,17152],{},[20,34012,34013],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[47,34015,34017],{"className":49,"code":34016,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34018,34019,34055,34059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34020,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34022,12944],{"class":62},[56,34024,67],{"class":66},[56,34026,10579],{"class":70},[56,34028,181],{"class":180},[56,34030,7759],{"class":184},[56,34032,181],{"class":180},[56,34034,141],{"class":70},[56,34036,191],{"class":180},[56,34038,12961],{"class":184},[56,34040,181],{"class":180},[56,34042,78],{"class":70},[56,34044,191],{"class":180},[56,34046,9387],{"class":184},[56,34048,181],{"class":180},[56,34050,141],{"class":70},[56,34052,449],{"class":74},[56,34054,9397],{"class":70},[56,34056,34057],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34058,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,34060,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,34062,112],{"class":111},[56,34064,115],{"class":70},[56,34066,13704],{"class":101},[56,34068,98],{"class":70},[56,34070,5448],{"class":24831},[56,34072,238],{"class":70},[20,34074,34075,34078],{},[15,34076,34077],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34080,18775],{},[47,34082,34084],{"className":49,"code":34083,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34085,34086],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34087,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34089,112],{"class":111},[56,34091,115],{"class":70},[56,34093,13704],{"class":101},[56,34095,98],{"class":70},[56,34097,5448],{"class":101},[56,34099,7284],{"class":70},[1030,34101,34103],{"id":34102},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34105,34106],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[47,34108,34110],{"className":49,"code":34109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34111,34112,34144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34113,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34115,9253],{"class":62},[56,34117,67],{"class":66},[56,34119,10579],{"class":70},[56,34121,181],{"class":180},[56,34123,36],{"class":184},[56,34125,181],{"class":180},[56,34127,141],{"class":70},[56,34129,910],{"class":74},[56,34131,78],{"class":70},[56,34133,191],{"class":180},[56,34135,194],{"class":184},[56,34137,181],{"class":180},[56,34139,141],{"class":70},[56,34141,81],{"class":74},[56,34143,9397],{"class":70},[56,34145,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34147,112],{"class":111},[56,34149,115],{"class":70},[56,34151,9292],{"class":101},[56,34153,98],{"class":70},[56,34155,5448],{"class":101},[56,34157,7284],{"class":70},[20,34159,34160],{},"Not like this:",[47,34162,34164],{"className":49,"code":34163,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34165,34166,34171,34176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34167,34168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34169,34170],{"class":123},"# Wrong examples:\n",[56,34172,34173],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34174,34175],{"class":123},"# data().values()\n",[56,34177,34178],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,34179,34180],{"class":123},"# values(data)\n",[20,34182,3435],{},[47,34184,34186],{"className":49,"code":34185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34187,34188,34202,34212,34226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34189,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34191,112],{"class":111},[56,34193,115],{"class":70},[56,34195,1546],{"class":1545},[56,34197,115],{"class":70},[56,34199,11537],{"class":101},[56,34201,1553],{"class":70},[56,34203,34204,34206,34208,34210],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34205,112],{"class":111},[56,34207,115],{"class":70},[56,34209,11537],{"class":101},[56,34211,238],{"class":70},[56,34213,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,34215,112],{"class":111},[56,34217,115],{"class":70},[56,34219,11537],{"class":101},[56,34221,98],{"class":70},[56,34223,5448],{"class":101},[56,34225,7284],{"class":70},[56,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,34229,112],{"class":111},[56,34231,115],{"class":70},[56,34233,1644],{"class":1545},[56,34235,115],{"class":70},[56,34237,11537],{"class":101},[56,34239,98],{"class":70},[56,34241,5448],{"class":101},[56,34243,6380],{"class":70},[42,34245,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,34247,5230,34249,5233],{"id":34248},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34250,32403],{},[20,34252,17503,34253,34255],{},[15,34254,17118],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1030,34257,1892,34259,24012],{"id":34258},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34260,17152],{},[20,34262,24015,34263,24019],{},[15,34264,34265],{},"list(...)",[1030,34267,26138,34269,1911],{"id":34268},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34270,32403],{},[20,34272,34273,34274,26146],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34275,6048],{},[1030,34277,1892,34279,34281],{"id":34278},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34280,32403],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34283,34284],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1030,34286,1904,34288,1907,34290,1911],{"id":34287},"how-is-values-different-from-items",[15,34289,17152],{},[15,34291,17159],{},[20,34293,34294,34296,34297,34299],{},[15,34295,17152],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34298,17159],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[42,34301,1996],{"id":1995},[143,34303,34304,34310,34316,34320,34326,34330],{},[146,34305,34306],{},[36,34307,10825,34308,1384],{"href":17143},[15,34309,17146],{},[146,34311,34312],{},[36,34313,10825,34314,1384],{"href":17156},[15,34315,17159],{},[146,34317,34318],{},[36,34319,11331],{"href":9479},[146,34321,34322],{},[36,34323,34325],{"href":34324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[146,34327,34328],{},[36,34329,24097],{"href":33252},[146,34331,34332],{},[36,34333,30429,34334],{"href":25760},[15,34335,34336],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2028,34338,34339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":34341},[34342,34343,34345,34346,34348,34349,34350,34351,34353,34364,34376],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":32573,"depth":92,"text":34344},"What values() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":32643,"depth":92,"text":34347},"What values() returns",{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":33122,"depth":92,"text":33123},{"id":33255,"depth":92,"text":33256},{"id":33414,"depth":92,"text":34352},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":34354},[34355,34357,34359,34361,34363],{"id":33629,"depth":108,"text":34356},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33719,"depth":108,"text":34358},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33853,"depth":108,"text":34360},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34006,"depth":108,"text":34362},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34102,"depth":108,"text":34103},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":34365},[34366,34368,34370,34372,34374],{"id":34248,"depth":108,"text":34367},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34258,"depth":108,"text":34369},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34268,"depth":108,"text":34371},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34278,"depth":108,"text":34373},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34287,"depth":108,"text":34375},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32390,"description":34377},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34383,"title":34384,"body":34385,"description":35814,"extension":2062,"meta":35815,"navigation":600,"path":35816,"seo":35817,"stem":35818,"__hash__":35819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34386,"toc":35766},[34387,34393,34398,34401,34417,34426,34428,34460,34466,34469,34564,34567,34572,34577,34580,34591,34593,34607,34613,34615,34620,34626,34629,34668,34676,34681,34684,34729,34732,34744,34750,34756,34760,34791,34794,34812,34815,34819,34858,34860,34880,34883,34895,34900,34906,34909,34964,34967,34978,34981,34992,34995,34999,35005,35007,35037,35040,35055,35058,35061,35080,35083,35099,35108,35110,35141,35147,35152,35155,35162,35193,35196,35218,35221,35224,35238,35242,35273,35288,35295,35302,35306,35314,35318,35326,35329,35378,35389,35391,35394,35400,35405,35415,35419,35422,35425,35429,35432,35434,35455,35459,35465,35476,35482,35484,35490,35514,35517,35580,35583,35611,35614,35676,35678,35683,35686,35693,35701,35708,35711,35719,35725,35727,35754,35763],[10,34388,2009,34390,3673],{"id":34389},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34391,34392],{},"dir()",[20,34394,32400,34395,34397],{},[15,34396,34392],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34399,34400],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[143,34402,34403,34406,34409,34414],{},[146,34404,34405],{},"learning Python",[146,34407,34408],{},"exploring a new object",[146,34410,34411,34412],{},"debugging an ",[15,34413,25753],{},[146,34415,34416],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34418,34419,34420,34422,34423],{},"In short, ",[15,34421,34392],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[540,34424,34425],{},"“What can I use here?”",[42,34427,2104],{"id":2103},[47,34429,34431],{"className":49,"code":34430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34432,34433,34445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34434,34435,34437,34439,34441,34443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34436,7967],{"class":62},[56,34438,67],{"class":66},[56,34440,191],{"class":180},[56,34442,1473],{"class":184},[56,34444,1476],{"class":180},[56,34446,34447,34449,34451,34454,34456,34458],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34448,112],{"class":111},[56,34450,115],{"class":70},[56,34452,34453],{"class":111},"dir",[56,34455,115],{"class":70},[56,34457,7759],{"class":101},[56,34459,1553],{"class":70},[20,34461,650,34462,34465],{},[15,34463,34464],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34467,34468],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[47,34470,34472],{"className":49,"code":34471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34473,34474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34475,34476,34478,34480,34483,34485,34487,34489,34492,34494,34496,34498,34501,34503,34505,34507,34510,34512,34514,34516,34519,34521,34523,34525,34528,34530,34532,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34551,34553,34555,34557,34560,34562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34477,251],{"class":70},[56,34479,254],{"class":180},[56,34481,34482],{"class":184},"__add__",[56,34484,254],{"class":180},[56,34486,78],{"class":70},[56,34488,263],{"class":180},[56,34490,34491],{"class":184},"__class__",[56,34493,254],{"class":180},[56,34495,78],{"class":70},[56,34497,263],{"class":180},[56,34499,34500],{"class":184},"__contains__",[56,34502,254],{"class":180},[56,34504,78],{"class":70},[56,34506,263],{"class":180},[56,34508,34509],{"class":184},"__delattr__",[56,34511,254],{"class":180},[56,34513,78],{"class":70},[56,34515,263],{"class":180},[56,34517,34518],{"class":184},"__dir__",[56,34520,254],{"class":180},[56,34522,78],{"class":70},[56,34524,263],{"class":180},[56,34526,34527],{"class":184},"__doc__",[56,34529,254],{"class":180},[56,34531,78],{"class":70},[56,34533,34535],{"class":34534},"s_hVV"," ...",[56,34537,78],{"class":70},[56,34539,263],{"class":180},[56,34541,8728],{"class":184},[56,34543,254],{"class":180},[56,34545,78],{"class":70},[56,34547,263],{"class":180},[56,34549,34550],{"class":184},"split",[56,34552,254],{"class":180},[56,34554,78],{"class":70},[56,34556,263],{"class":180},[56,34558,34559],{"class":184},"upper",[56,34561,254],{"class":180},[56,34563,89],{"class":70},[20,34565,34566],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[42,34568,133,34570,136],{"id":34569},"what-dir-does",[15,34571,34392],{},[20,34573,34574,34576],{},[15,34575,34392],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34578,34579],{},"It usually includes:",[143,34581,34582,34585,34588],{},[146,34583,34584],{},"attributes",[146,34586,34587],{},"methods",[146,34589,34590],{},"special Python names",[20,34592,11546],{},[143,34594,34595,34601,34604],{},[146,34596,34597,34598],{},"The result is a ",[540,34599,34600],{},"list of strings",[146,34602,34603],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[146,34605,34606],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34608,34609,34610,34612],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34611,34392],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[42,34614,289],{"id":288},[20,34616,34617,34619],{},[15,34618,34392],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1030,34621,34623,34625],{"id":34622},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34624,34392],{}," with no argument",[20,34627,34628],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[47,34630,34632],{"className":49,"code":34631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34633,34634,34642,34654,34658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34635,34636,34638,34640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34637,3123],{"class":62},[56,34639,67],{"class":66},[56,34641,2685],{"class":74},[56,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34645,7967],{"class":62},[56,34647,67],{"class":66},[56,34649,191],{"class":180},[56,34651,7768],{"class":184},[56,34653,1476],{"class":180},[56,34655,34656],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,34657,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,34659,34660,34662,34664,34666],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,34661,112],{"class":111},[56,34663,115],{"class":70},[56,34665,34453],{"class":111},[56,34667,7284],{"class":70},[20,34669,34670,34671,4480,34673,34675],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34672,2271],{},[15,34674,7759],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1030,34677,34679],{"id":34678},"dirobject",[15,34680,34464],{},[20,34682,34683],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[47,34685,34687],{"className":49,"code":34686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34688,34689,34707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34690,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699,34701,34703,34705],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34692,112],{"class":111},[56,34694,115],{"class":70},[56,34696,34453],{"class":111},[56,34698,115],{"class":70},[56,34700,181],{"class":180},[56,34702,1473],{"class":184},[56,34704,181],{"class":180},[56,34706,1553],{"class":70},[56,34708,34709,34711,34713,34715,34717,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34710,112],{"class":111},[56,34712,115],{"class":70},[56,34714,34453],{"class":111},[56,34716,3084],{"class":70},[56,34718,75],{"class":74},[56,34720,78],{"class":70},[56,34722,81],{"class":74},[56,34724,78],{"class":70},[56,34726,86],{"class":74},[56,34728,3097],{"class":70},[20,34730,34731],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[143,34733,34734,34736,34738,34741],{},[146,34735,5398],{},[146,34737,5389],{},[146,34739,34740],{},"modules",[146,34742,34743],{},"custom objects",[42,34745,1441,34747,34749],{"id":34746},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34748,34392],{}," with a value",[20,34751,34752,34753,34755],{},"A common use of ",[15,34754,34392],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1030,34757,34759],{"id":34758},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[47,34761,34763],{"className":49,"code":34762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34764,34765,34777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34766,34767,34769,34771,34773,34775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34768,1466],{"class":62},[56,34770,67],{"class":66},[56,34772,191],{"class":180},[56,34774,1473],{"class":184},[56,34776,1476],{"class":180},[56,34778,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787,34789],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34780,112],{"class":111},[56,34782,115],{"class":70},[56,34784,34453],{"class":111},[56,34786,115],{"class":70},[56,34788,1481],{"class":101},[56,34790,1553],{"class":70},[20,34792,34793],{},"You will see method names like:",[143,34795,34796,34800,34804,34808],{},[146,34797,34798],{},[15,34799,8728],{},[146,34801,34802],{},[15,34803,34559],{},[146,34805,34806],{},[15,34807,34550],{},[146,34809,34810],{},[15,34811,8722],{},[20,34813,34814],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1030,34816,34818],{"id":34817},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[47,34820,34822],{"className":49,"code":34821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34823,34824,34844],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34825,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34827,63],{"class":62},[56,34829,67],{"class":66},[56,34831,71],{"class":70},[56,34833,75],{"class":74},[56,34835,78],{"class":70},[56,34837,81],{"class":74},[56,34839,78],{"class":70},[56,34841,86],{"class":74},[56,34843,89],{"class":70},[56,34845,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854,34856],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34847,112],{"class":111},[56,34849,115],{"class":70},[56,34851,34453],{"class":111},[56,34853,115],{"class":70},[56,34855,95],{"class":101},[56,34857,1553],{"class":70},[20,34859,34793],{},[143,34861,34862,34866,34870,34875],{},[146,34863,34864],{},[15,34865,13631],{},[146,34867,34868],{},[15,34869,26323],{},[146,34871,34872],{},[15,34873,34874],{},"remove",[146,34876,34877],{},[15,34878,34879],{},"sort",[20,34881,34882],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34884,34885,34886,34891,34892,34894],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[36,34887,34889],{"href":34888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34890,2399],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34893,34392],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[42,34896,1441,34898,34625],{"id":34897},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34899,34392],{},[20,34901,34902,34903,34905],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34904,34392],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34907,34908],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[47,34910,34912],{"className":49,"code":34911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34913,34914,34923,34927,34938,34950,34954],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34915,34916,34918,34920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34917,3123],{"class":62},[56,34919,67],{"class":66},[56,34921,34922],{"class":74}," 5\n",[56,34924,34925],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,34926,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,34928,34929,34932,34936],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,34930,34931],{"class":1638},"def",[56,34933,34935],{"class":34934},"sGLFI"," greet",[56,34937,21676],{"class":70},[56,34939,34940,34943,34945,34948],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,34941,34942],{"class":3965},"    return",[56,34944,191],{"class":180},[56,34946,34947],{"class":184},"Hello",[56,34949,1476],{"class":180},[56,34951,34952],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,34953,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,34955,34956,34958,34960,34962],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,34957,112],{"class":111},[56,34959,115],{"class":70},[56,34961,34453],{"class":111},[56,34963,7284],{"class":70},[20,34965,34966],{},"The output will include names like:",[143,34968,34969,34973],{},[146,34970,34971],{},[15,34972,2271],{},[146,34974,34975],{},[15,34976,34977],{},"greet",[20,34979,34980],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[143,34982,34983,34986,34989],{},[146,34984,34985],{},"what variables exist",[146,34987,34988],{},"what functions you have defined",[146,34990,34991],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34993,34994],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[42,34996,34998],{"id":34997},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35000,35001,35002,35004],{},"When you first use ",[15,35003,34392],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35006,163],{},[47,35008,35009],{"className":49,"code":34762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,35010,35011,35023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35012,35013,35015,35017,35019,35021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35014,1466],{"class":62},[56,35016,67],{"class":66},[56,35018,191],{"class":180},[56,35020,1473],{"class":184},[56,35022,1476],{"class":180},[56,35024,35025,35027,35029,35031,35033,35035],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35026,112],{"class":111},[56,35028,115],{"class":70},[56,35030,34453],{"class":111},[56,35032,115],{"class":70},[56,35034,1481],{"class":101},[56,35036,1553],{"class":70},[20,35038,35039],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[143,35041,35042,35046,35050],{},[146,35043,35044],{},[15,35045,34491],{},[146,35047,35048],{},[15,35049,34527],{},[146,35051,35052],{},[15,35053,35054],{},"__len__",[20,35056,35057],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35059,35060],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[143,35062,35063,35067,35071,35075],{},[146,35064,35065],{},[15,35066,34559],{},[146,35068,35069],{},[15,35070,8728],{},[146,35072,35073],{},[15,35074,34550],{},[146,35076,35077],{},[15,35078,35079],{},"replace",[20,35081,35082],{},"A key point to remember:",[143,35084,35085,35093],{},[146,35086,35087,35089,35090],{},[15,35088,34392],{}," lists ",[540,35091,35092],{},"names only",[146,35094,35095,35096,35098],{},"it does ",[540,35097,931],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35100,35101,35102,98],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[36,35103,35105],{"href":35104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35106,35107],{},"help()",[20,35109,5562],{},[47,35111,35113],{"className":49,"code":35112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35114,35115,35127],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35116,35117,35119,35121,35123,35125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35118,7967],{"class":62},[56,35120,67],{"class":66},[56,35122,191],{"class":180},[56,35124,1473],{"class":184},[56,35126,1476],{"class":180},[56,35128,35129,35131,35133,35135,35137,35139],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35130,32235],{"class":111},[56,35132,115],{"class":70},[56,35134,7759],{"class":101},[56,35136,98],{"class":70},[56,35138,34559],{"class":24831},[56,35140,238],{"class":70},[42,35142,35144,35146],{"id":35143},"dir-on-modules",[15,35145,34392],{}," on modules",[20,35148,15794,35149,35151],{},[15,35150,34392],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35153,35154],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1030,35156,35158,35159,35161],{"id":35157},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35160,18497],{}," module",[47,35163,35165],{"className":49,"code":35164,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35166,35167,35175,35179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35168,35169,35172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35170,35171],{"class":3965},"import",[56,35173,35174],{"class":62}," math\n",[56,35176,35177],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35178,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35180,35181,35183,35185,35187,35189,35191],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35182,112],{"class":111},[56,35184,115],{"class":70},[56,35186,34453],{"class":111},[56,35188,115],{"class":70},[56,35190,18497],{"class":101},[56,35192,1553],{"class":70},[20,35194,35195],{},"You may see names like:",[143,35197,35198,35203,35208,35213],{},[146,35199,35200],{},[15,35201,35202],{},"sqrt",[146,35204,35205],{},[15,35206,35207],{},"ceil",[146,35209,35210],{},[15,35211,35212],{},"floor",[146,35214,35215],{},[15,35216,35217],{},"pi",[20,35219,35220],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35222,35223],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[143,35225,35226,35232],{},[146,35227,35228],{},[36,35229,35231],{"href":35230},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[146,35233,35234],{},[36,35235,35237],{"href":35236},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1030,35239,35241],{"id":35240},"another-example","Another example",[47,35243,35245],{"className":49,"code":35244,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35246,35247,35254,35258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35248,35249,35251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35250,35171],{"class":3965},[56,35252,35253],{"class":62}," json\n",[56,35255,35256],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35257,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35259,35260,35262,35264,35266,35268,35271],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35261,112],{"class":111},[56,35263,115],{"class":70},[56,35265,34453],{"class":111},[56,35267,115],{"class":70},[56,35269,35270],{"class":101},"json",[56,35272,1553],{"class":70},[20,35274,35275,35276,2287,35279,2287,35282,17153,35285,98],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35277,35278],{},"dump",[15,35280,35281],{},"dumps",[15,35283,35284],{},"load",[15,35286,35287],{},"loads",[42,35289,35291,1021,35293],{"id":35290},"dir-vs-help",[15,35292,34392],{},[15,35294,35107],{},[20,35296,35297,4480,35299,35301],{},[15,35298,34392],{},[15,35300,35107],{}," are often used together.",[1030,35303,35304],{"id":34453},[15,35305,34392],{},[143,35307,35308,35311],{},[146,35309,35310],{},"shows available names",[146,35312,35313],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1030,35315,35316],{"id":32235},[15,35317,35107],{},[143,35319,35320,35323],{},[146,35321,35322],{},"explains what an object or function does",[146,35324,35325],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35327,35328],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[47,35330,35332],{"className":49,"code":35331,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35333,35334,35346,35350,35364],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35335,35336,35338,35340,35342,35344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35337,7967],{"class":62},[56,35339,67],{"class":66},[56,35341,191],{"class":180},[56,35343,1473],{"class":184},[56,35345,1476],{"class":180},[56,35347,35348],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35349,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35351,35352,35354,35356,35358,35360,35362],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35353,112],{"class":111},[56,35355,115],{"class":70},[56,35357,34453],{"class":111},[56,35359,115],{"class":70},[56,35361,7759],{"class":101},[56,35363,1553],{"class":70},[56,35365,35366,35368,35370,35372,35374,35376],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,35367,32235],{"class":111},[56,35369,115],{"class":70},[56,35371,7759],{"class":101},[56,35373,98],{"class":70},[56,35375,34559],{"class":24831},[56,35377,238],{"class":70},[20,35379,650,35380,35382,35383,35385,35386,35388],{},[15,35381,34392],{}," first to find a method name.",[9934,35384],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35387,35107],{}," to understand how to use it.",[42,35390,25439],{"id":25438},[20,35392,35393],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1030,35395,35397,35399],{"id":35396},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35398,34392],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35401,35402,35404],{},[15,35403,34392],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35406,35407,35408,35410,35411,35414],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35409,34559],{}," in ",[15,35412,35413],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1030,35416,35418],{"id":35417},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35420,35421],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35423,35424],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1030,35426,35428],{"id":35427},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35430,35431],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35433,5562],{},[143,35435,35436,35441,35447],{},[146,35437,35438,35440],{},[15,35439,35413],{}," shows string-related names",[146,35442,35443,35446],{},[15,35444,35445],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[146,35448,35449,35452,35453,35161],{},[15,35450,35451],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35454,18497],{},[1030,35456,35458],{"id":35457},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35460,35461,35462,35464],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35463,34392],{}," does not mean you already know:",[143,35466,35467,35470,35473],{},[146,35468,35469],{},"what it does",[146,35471,35472],{},"what arguments it needs",[146,35474,35475],{},"what it returns",[20,35477,35478,35479,35481],{},"That is why ",[15,35480,35107],{}," is the natural next step.",[42,35483,1418],{"id":1417},[20,35485,35486,35487,35489],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35488,34392],{}," in these situations:",[143,35491,35492,35495,35504,35507],{},[146,35493,35494],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[146,35496,35497,35498,35503],{},"Seeing an ",[36,35499,35501],{"href":35500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35502,25753],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[146,35505,35506],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[146,35508,1441,35509,35511,35512],{},[15,35510,34392],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35513,35107],{},[20,35515,35516],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[47,35518,35520],{"className":49,"code":35519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35521,35522,35534,35538,35552,35566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35523,35524,35526,35528,35530,35532],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35525,7967],{"class":62},[56,35527,67],{"class":66},[56,35529,191],{"class":180},[56,35531,1473],{"class":184},[56,35533,1476],{"class":180},[56,35535,35536],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35537,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35539,35540,35542,35544,35546,35548,35550],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35541,112],{"class":111},[56,35543,115],{"class":70},[56,35545,1546],{"class":1545},[56,35547,115],{"class":70},[56,35549,7759],{"class":101},[56,35551,1553],{"class":70},[56,35553,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,35555,112],{"class":111},[56,35557,115],{"class":70},[56,35559,34453],{"class":111},[56,35561,115],{"class":70},[56,35563,7759],{"class":101},[56,35565,1553],{"class":70},[56,35567,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,35569,32235],{"class":111},[56,35571,115],{"class":70},[56,35573,7759],{"class":101},[56,35575,98],{"class":70},[56,35577,34559],{"class":24831},[56,35579,238],{"class":70},[20,35581,35582],{},"And for modules:",[47,35584,35585],{"className":49,"code":35164,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,35586,35587,35593,35597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35588,35589,35591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35590,35171],{"class":3965},[56,35592,35174],{"class":62},[56,35594,35595],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35596,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35598,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35600,112],{"class":111},[56,35602,115],{"class":70},[56,35604,34453],{"class":111},[56,35606,115],{"class":70},[56,35608,18497],{"class":101},[56,35610,1553],{"class":70},[20,35612,35613],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[47,35615,35617],{"className":49,"code":35616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35618,35619,35624,35636,35646,35660,35666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35620,35621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35622,35623],{"class":62},"python\n",[56,35625,35626,35628,35630,35632,35634],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35627,7967],{"class":62},[56,35629,67],{"class":66},[56,35631,191],{"class":180},[56,35633,1473],{"class":184},[56,35635,1476],{"class":180},[56,35637,35638,35640,35642,35644],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35639,34453],{"class":111},[56,35641,115],{"class":70},[56,35643,7759],{"class":101},[56,35645,238],{"class":70},[56,35647,35648,35650,35652,35654,35656,35658],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,35649,32235],{"class":111},[56,35651,115],{"class":70},[56,35653,7759],{"class":101},[56,35655,98],{"class":70},[56,35657,34559],{"class":24831},[56,35659,238],{"class":70},[56,35661,35662,35664],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,35663,35171],{"class":3965},[56,35665,35174],{"class":62},[56,35667,35668,35670,35672,35674],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,35669,34453],{"class":111},[56,35671,115],{"class":70},[56,35673,18497],{"class":101},[56,35675,238],{"class":70},[42,35677,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,35679,5230,35681,5233],{"id":35680},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35682,34392],{},[20,35684,35685],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1030,35687,5268,35689,4480,35691,1911],{"id":35688},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35690,34392],{},[15,35692,35107],{},[20,35694,35695,35697,35698,35700],{},[15,35696,34392],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35699,35107],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1030,35702,35704,35705,35707],{"id":35703},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35706,34392],{}," output?",[20,35709,35710],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1030,35712,5258,35714,35716,35717,1911],{"id":35713},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35715,34392],{}," help fix ",[15,35718,25753],{},[20,35720,35721,35722,98],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[36,35723,35724],{"href":35500},"object has no attribute",[42,35726,1996],{"id":1995},[143,35728,35729,35735,35740,35744,35748],{},[146,35730,35731],{},[36,35732,2009,35733,2012],{"href":35104},[15,35734,35107],{},[146,35736,35737],{},[36,35738,35739],{"href":35500},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[146,35741,35742],{},[36,35743,35231],{"href":35230},[146,35745,35746],{},[36,35747,35237],{"href":35236},[146,35749,35750],{},[36,35751,2009,35752,2012],{"href":34888},[15,35753,2399],{},[20,35755,35756,35757,35759,35760,35762],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35758,34392],{}," together with ",[15,35761,35107],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2028,35764,35765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":35767},[35768,35769,35771,35776,35781,35783,35784,35790,35795,35802,35803,35813],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":34569,"depth":92,"text":35770},"What dir() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":35772},[35773,35775],{"id":34622,"depth":108,"text":35774},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34678,"depth":108,"text":34464},{"id":34746,"depth":92,"text":35777,"children":35778},"Using dir() with a value",[35779,35780],{"id":34758,"depth":108,"text":34759},{"id":34817,"depth":108,"text":34818},{"id":34897,"depth":92,"text":35782},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34997,"depth":92,"text":34998},{"id":35143,"depth":92,"text":35785,"children":35786},"dir() on modules",[35787,35789],{"id":35157,"depth":108,"text":35788},"Example: math module",{"id":35240,"depth":108,"text":35241},{"id":35290,"depth":92,"text":35791,"children":35792},"dir() vs help()",[35793,35794],{"id":34453,"depth":108,"text":34392},{"id":32235,"depth":108,"text":35107},{"id":25438,"depth":92,"text":25439,"children":35796},[35797,35799,35800,35801],{"id":35396,"depth":108,"text":35798},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35417,"depth":108,"text":35418},{"id":35427,"depth":108,"text":35428},{"id":35457,"depth":108,"text":35458},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":35804},[35805,35807,35809,35811],{"id":35680,"depth":108,"text":35806},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35688,"depth":108,"text":35808},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35703,"depth":108,"text":35810},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35713,"depth":108,"text":35812},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34384,"description":35814},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35821,"title":35822,"body":35823,"description":37638,"extension":2062,"meta":37639,"navigation":600,"path":37640,"seo":37641,"stem":37642,"__hash__":37643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35824,"toc":37607},[35825,35831,35836,35839,35847,35853,35855,35935,35937,35963,35968,35973,35978,35981,35992,35995,35997,36076,36078,36104,36111,36113,36115,36140,36143,36156,36161,36163,36242,36244,36270,36279,36284,36292,36298,36305,36308,36310,36387,36390,36447,36449,36486,36492,36497,36502,36505,36519,36521,36624,36626,36669,36678,36688,36695,36701,36708,36791,36793,36816,36819,36822,36824,36828,36832,36835,36898,36921,36924,36928,36934,36936,37003,37006,37083,37088,37094,37097,37100,37146,37148,37172,37177,37181,37186,37192,37255,37258,37260,37263,37287,37290,37425,37427,37528,37530,37535,37538,37544,37554,37562,37567,37573,37579,37581,37604],[10,35826,2009,35828,3673],{"id":35827},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35829,35830],{},"enumerate()",[20,35832,35833,35835],{},[15,35834,35830],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35837,35838],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[143,35840,35841,35844],{},[146,35842,35843],{},"the item itself",[146,35845,35846],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35848,35849,35850,35852],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35851,35830],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[42,35854,2104],{"id":2103},[47,35856,35858],{"className":49,"code":35857,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35859,35860,35892,35896,35919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35861,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35863,334],{"class":62},[56,35865,67],{"class":66},[56,35867,71],{"class":70},[56,35869,181],{"class":180},[56,35871,343],{"class":184},[56,35873,181],{"class":180},[56,35875,78],{"class":70},[56,35877,191],{"class":180},[56,35879,352],{"class":184},[56,35881,181],{"class":180},[56,35883,78],{"class":70},[56,35885,191],{"class":180},[56,35887,361],{"class":184},[56,35889,181],{"class":180},[56,35891,89],{"class":70},[56,35893,35894],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35895,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,35897,35898,35900,35903,35905,35908,35910,35913,35915,35917],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35899,6048],{"class":3965},[56,35901,35902],{"class":62}," index",[56,35904,78],{"class":70},[56,35906,35907],{"class":62}," color ",[56,35909,3972],{"class":3965},[56,35911,35912],{"class":111}," enumerate",[56,35914,115],{"class":70},[56,35916,370],{"class":101},[56,35918,8431],{"class":70},[56,35920,35921,35923,35925,35928,35930,35933],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,35922,8160],{"class":111},[56,35924,115],{"class":70},[56,35926,35927],{"class":101},"index",[56,35929,78],{"class":70},[56,35931,35932],{"class":101}," color",[56,35934,238],{"class":70},[20,35936,241],{},[47,35938,35940],{"className":49,"code":35939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35941,35942,35949,35956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35943,35944,35946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35945,2218],{"class":74},[56,35947,35948],{"class":62}," red\n",[56,35950,35951,35953],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,35952,75],{"class":74},[56,35954,35955],{"class":62}," green\n",[56,35957,35958,35960],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,35959,1097],{"class":74},[56,35961,35962],{"class":62}," blue\n",[20,35964,650,35965,35967],{},[15,35966,35830],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[42,35969,133,35971,136],{"id":35970},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35972,35830],{},[20,35974,35975,35977],{},[15,35976,35830],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35979,35980],{},"It is commonly used with:",[143,35982,35983,35985,35987,35989],{},[146,35984,5389],{},[146,35986,5392],{},[146,35988,5398],{},[146,35990,35991],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35993,35994],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35996,163],{},[47,35998,36000],{"className":49,"code":35999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36001,36002,36036,36040,36061],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36003,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36023,36025,36027,36029,36032,36034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36005,5082],{"class":62},[56,36007,67],{"class":66},[56,36009,71],{"class":70},[56,36011,181],{"class":180},[56,36013,12961],{"class":184},[56,36015,181],{"class":180},[56,36017,78],{"class":70},[56,36019,191],{"class":180},[56,36021,36022],{"class":184},"Ben",[56,36024,181],{"class":180},[56,36026,78],{"class":70},[56,36028,191],{"class":180},[56,36030,36031],{"class":184},"Cara",[56,36033,181],{"class":180},[56,36035,89],{"class":70},[56,36037,36038],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36039,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36041,36042,36044,36046,36048,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36043,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36045,35902],{"class":62},[56,36047,78],{"class":70},[56,36049,36050],{"class":62}," name ",[56,36052,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36054,35912],{"class":111},[56,36056,115],{"class":70},[56,36058,5126],{"class":101},[56,36060,8431],{"class":70},[56,36062,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36074],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36064,8160],{"class":111},[56,36066,115],{"class":70},[56,36068,35927],{"class":101},[56,36070,78],{"class":70},[56,36072,36073],{"class":101}," name",[56,36075,238],{"class":70},[20,36077,241],{},[47,36079,36081],{"className":49,"code":36080,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36082,36083,36090,36097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36084,36085,36087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36086,2218],{"class":74},[56,36088,36089],{"class":62}," Ana\n",[56,36091,36092,36094],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36093,75],{"class":74},[56,36095,36096],{"class":62}," Ben\n",[56,36098,36099,36101],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36100,1097],{"class":74},[56,36102,36103],{"class":62}," Cara\n",[20,36105,36106,36107,98],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[36,36108,36110],{"href":36109},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[42,36112,289],{"id":288},[20,36114,292],{},[47,36116,36118],{"className":49,"code":36117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36119,36120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36121,36122,36125,36127,36129,36131,36134,36136,36138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36123,36124],{"class":111},"enumerate",[56,36126,115],{"class":70},[56,36128,3810],{"class":101},[56,36130,78],{"class":70},[56,36132,36133],{"class":9263}," start",[56,36135,67],{"class":66},[56,36137,2218],{"class":74},[56,36139,238],{"class":70},[20,36141,36142],{},"It has two parts:",[143,36144,36145,36150],{},[146,36146,36147,36149],{},[15,36148,3810],{},": the object you want to loop through",[146,36151,36152,36155],{},[15,36153,36154],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36157,36158,36159,98],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36160,2218],{},[20,36162,163],{},[47,36164,36166],{"className":49,"code":36165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36167,36168,36200,36204,36226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36169,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36171,173],{"class":62},[56,36173,67],{"class":66},[56,36175,71],{"class":70},[56,36177,181],{"class":180},[56,36179,36],{"class":184},[56,36181,181],{"class":180},[56,36183,78],{"class":70},[56,36185,191],{"class":180},[56,36187,194],{"class":184},[56,36189,181],{"class":180},[56,36191,78],{"class":70},[56,36193,191],{"class":180},[56,36195,203],{"class":184},[56,36197,181],{"class":180},[56,36199,89],{"class":70},[56,36201,36202],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36203,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36205,36206,36208,36211,36213,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36207,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36209,36210],{"class":62}," i",[56,36212,78],{"class":70},[56,36214,36215],{"class":62}," letter ",[56,36217,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36219,35912],{"class":111},[56,36221,115],{"class":70},[56,36223,221],{"class":101},[56,36225,8431],{"class":70},[56,36227,36228,36230,36232,36235,36237,36240],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36229,8160],{"class":111},[56,36231,115],{"class":70},[56,36233,36234],{"class":101},"i",[56,36236,78],{"class":70},[56,36238,36239],{"class":101}," letter",[56,36241,238],{"class":70},[20,36243,241],{},[47,36245,36247],{"className":49,"code":36246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36248,36249,36256,36263],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36250,36251,36253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36252,2218],{"class":74},[56,36254,36255],{"class":62}," a\n",[56,36257,36258,36260],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36259,75],{"class":74},[56,36261,36262],{"class":62}," b\n",[56,36264,36265,36267],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36266,1097],{"class":74},[56,36268,36269],{"class":62}," c\n",[20,36271,36272,36273,98],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[36,36274,2009,36276,2012],{"href":36275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36277,36278],{},"range()",[42,36280,133,36282,11791],{"id":36281},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36283,35830],{},[20,36285,36286,36288,36289,98],{},[15,36287,35830],{}," returns an ",[540,36290,36291],{},"enumerate object",[20,36293,36294,36295,36297],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36296,6048],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[143,36299,36300],{},[146,36301,36302],{},[15,36303,36304],{},"(index, item)",[20,36306,36307],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36309,163],{},[47,36311,36313],{"className":49,"code":36312,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36314,36315,36347,36351,36372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36316,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36318,553],{"class":62},[56,36320,67],{"class":66},[56,36322,71],{"class":70},[56,36324,181],{"class":180},[56,36326,562],{"class":184},[56,36328,181],{"class":180},[56,36330,78],{"class":70},[56,36332,191],{"class":180},[56,36334,571],{"class":184},[56,36336,181],{"class":180},[56,36338,78],{"class":70},[56,36340,191],{"class":180},[56,36342,33304],{"class":184},[56,36344,181],{"class":180},[56,36346,89],{"class":70},[56,36348,36349],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36350,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36352,36353,36355,36357,36359,36362,36364,36366,36368,36370],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36354,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36356,35902],{"class":62},[56,36358,78],{"class":70},[56,36360,36361],{"class":62}," fruit ",[56,36363,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36365,35912],{"class":111},[56,36367,115],{"class":70},[56,36369,589],{"class":101},[56,36371,8431],{"class":70},[56,36373,36374,36376,36378,36380,36382,36385],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36375,8160],{"class":111},[56,36377,115],{"class":70},[56,36379,35927],{"class":101},[56,36381,78],{"class":70},[56,36383,36384],{"class":101}," fruit",[56,36386,238],{"class":70},[20,36388,36389],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[47,36391,36393],{"className":49,"code":36392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36394,36395,36415,36419,36437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36396,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36398,63],{"class":62},[56,36400,67],{"class":66},[56,36402,71],{"class":70},[56,36404,444],{"class":74},[56,36406,78],{"class":70},[56,36408,449],{"class":74},[56,36410,78],{"class":70},[56,36412,454],{"class":74},[56,36414,89],{"class":70},[56,36416,36417],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36418,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36420,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36422,1156],{"class":62},[56,36424,67],{"class":66},[56,36426,1878],{"class":1545},[56,36428,115],{"class":70},[56,36430,36124],{"class":111},[56,36432,115],{"class":70},[56,36434,95],{"class":101},[56,36436,1553],{"class":70},[56,36438,36439,36441,36443,36445],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36440,112],{"class":111},[56,36442,115],{"class":70},[56,36444,1190],{"class":101},[56,36446,238],{"class":70},[20,36448,241],{},[47,36450,36452],{"className":49,"code":36451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36453,36454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36455,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36457,21821],{"class":70},[56,36459,2218],{"class":74},[56,36461,78],{"class":70},[56,36463,508],{"class":74},[56,36465,9321],{"class":70},[56,36467,9324],{"class":70},[56,36469,75],{"class":74},[56,36471,78],{"class":70},[56,36473,449],{"class":74},[56,36475,9321],{"class":70},[56,36477,9324],{"class":70},[56,36479,1097],{"class":74},[56,36481,78],{"class":70},[56,36483,454],{"class":74},[56,36485,9337],{"class":70},[20,36487,36488,36489,36491],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36490,35830],{}," produces.",[42,36493,1389,36495],{"id":36494},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36496,35830],{},[20,36498,650,36499,36501],{},[15,36500,35830],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36503,36504],{},"Common cases:",[143,36506,36507,36510,36513,36516],{},[146,36508,36509],{},"printing numbered output",[146,36511,36512],{},"building menus",[146,36514,36515],{},"showing positions in a list",[146,36517,36518],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36520,163],{},[47,36522,36524],{"className":49,"code":36523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36525,36526,36561,36565,36595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36527,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36539,36541,36543,36545,36548,36550,36552,36554,36557,36559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36529,29979],{"class":62},[56,36531,67],{"class":66},[56,36533,71],{"class":70},[56,36535,181],{"class":180},[56,36537,36538],{"class":184},"Wash dishes",[56,36540,181],{"class":180},[56,36542,78],{"class":70},[56,36544,191],{"class":180},[56,36546,36547],{"class":184},"Study Python",[56,36549,181],{"class":180},[56,36551,78],{"class":70},[56,36553,191],{"class":180},[56,36555,36556],{"class":184},"Go for a walk",[56,36558,181],{"class":180},[56,36560,89],{"class":70},[56,36562,36563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36564,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36566,36567,36569,36571,36573,36576,36578,36580,36582,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36568,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36570,2295],{"class":62},[56,36572,78],{"class":70},[56,36574,36575],{"class":62}," task ",[56,36577,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36579,35912],{"class":111},[56,36581,115],{"class":70},[56,36583,36584],{"class":101},"tasks",[56,36586,78],{"class":70},[56,36588,36133],{"class":9263},[56,36590,67],{"class":66},[56,36592,75],{"class":74},[56,36594,8431],{"class":70},[56,36596,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36618,36620,36622],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36598,8160],{"class":111},[56,36600,115],{"class":70},[56,36602,22375],{"class":1638},[56,36604,181],{"class":184},[56,36606,9366],{"class":74},[56,36608,2337],{"class":101},[56,36610,22384],{"class":74},[56,36612,28395],{"class":184},[56,36614,9366],{"class":74},[56,36616,36617],{"class":101},"task",[56,36619,22384],{"class":74},[56,36621,181],{"class":184},[56,36623,238],{"class":70},[20,36625,241],{},[47,36627,36629],{"className":49,"code":36628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36630,36631,36643,36655],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36632,36633,36635,36637,36640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36634,75],{"class":74},[56,36636,98],{"class":70},[56,36638,36639],{"class":24831}," Wash",[56,36641,36642],{"class":62}," dishes\n",[56,36644,36645,36647,36649,36652],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36646,1097],{"class":74},[56,36648,98],{"class":70},[56,36650,36651],{"class":24831}," Study",[56,36653,36654],{"class":62}," Python\n",[56,36656,36657,36659,36661,36664,36666],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36658,901],{"class":74},[56,36660,98],{"class":70},[56,36662,36663],{"class":24831}," Go",[56,36665,3966],{"class":3965},[56,36667,36668],{"class":62}," a walk\n",[20,36670,36671,36672,36674,36675,98],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36673,35830],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36676,36677],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36679,36680,36681,98],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[36,36682,36684,36685,36687],{"href":36683},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36686,35830],{}," in Python",[42,36689,36691,36692,36694],{"id":36690},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36693,36154],{}," argument",[20,36696,36697,36698,36700],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36699,36154],{}," argument.",[20,36702,36703,36704,11180,36706,141],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36705,75],{},[15,36707,2218],{},[47,36709,36711],{"className":49,"code":36710,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36712,36713,36745,36749,36777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36714,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36716,334],{"class":62},[56,36718,67],{"class":66},[56,36720,71],{"class":70},[56,36722,181],{"class":180},[56,36724,343],{"class":184},[56,36726,181],{"class":180},[56,36728,78],{"class":70},[56,36730,191],{"class":180},[56,36732,352],{"class":184},[56,36734,181],{"class":180},[56,36736,78],{"class":70},[56,36738,191],{"class":180},[56,36740,361],{"class":184},[56,36742,181],{"class":180},[56,36744,89],{"class":70},[56,36746,36747],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36748,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36750,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36752,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36754,35902],{"class":62},[56,36756,78],{"class":70},[56,36758,35907],{"class":62},[56,36760,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36762,35912],{"class":111},[56,36764,115],{"class":70},[56,36766,370],{"class":101},[56,36768,78],{"class":70},[56,36770,36133],{"class":9263},[56,36772,67],{"class":66},[56,36774,75],{"class":74},[56,36776,8431],{"class":70},[56,36778,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36780,8160],{"class":111},[56,36782,115],{"class":70},[56,36784,35927],{"class":101},[56,36786,78],{"class":70},[56,36788,35932],{"class":101},[56,36790,238],{"class":70},[20,36792,241],{},[47,36794,36796],{"className":49,"code":36795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36797,36798,36804,36810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36799,36800,36802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36801,75],{"class":74},[56,36803,35948],{"class":62},[56,36805,36806,36808],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36807,1097],{"class":74},[56,36809,35955],{"class":62},[56,36811,36812,36814],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36813,901],{"class":74},[56,36815,35962],{"class":62},[20,36817,36818],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36820,36821],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[42,36823,25439],{"id":25438},[20,36825,25442,36826,98],{},[15,36827,35830],{},[1030,36829,36831],{"id":36830},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36833,36834],{},"In this loop:",[47,36836,36838],{"className":49,"code":36837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36839,36840,36860,36864,36884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36841,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36843,63],{"class":62},[56,36845,67],{"class":66},[56,36847,71],{"class":70},[56,36849,444],{"class":74},[56,36851,78],{"class":70},[56,36853,449],{"class":74},[56,36855,78],{"class":70},[56,36857,454],{"class":74},[56,36859,89],{"class":70},[56,36861,36862],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36863,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36865,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36867,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36869,35902],{"class":62},[56,36871,78],{"class":70},[56,36873,21665],{"class":62},[56,36875,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36877,35912],{"class":111},[56,36879,115],{"class":70},[56,36881,95],{"class":101},[56,36883,8431],{"class":70},[56,36885,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36887,8160],{"class":111},[56,36889,115],{"class":70},[56,36891,35927],{"class":101},[56,36893,78],{"class":70},[56,36895,8521],{"class":101},[56,36897,238],{"class":70},[143,36899,36900,36910],{},[146,36901,36902,4871,36904,2287,36906,2287,36908],{},[15,36903,35927],{},[15,36905,2218],{},[15,36907,75],{},[15,36909,1097],{},[146,36911,36912,4871,36914,2287,36916,2287,36918],{},[15,36913,2570],{},[15,36915,444],{},[15,36917,15834],{},[15,36919,36920],{},"30",[20,36922,36923],{},"These are different things.",[1030,36925,36927],{"id":36926},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36929,36930,36931,36933],{},"Each item from ",[15,36932,35830],{}," is a pair.",[20,36935,6777],{},[47,36937,36939],{"className":49,"code":36938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36940,36941,36965,36969,36989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36942,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36944,7871],{"class":62},[56,36946,67],{"class":66},[56,36948,71],{"class":70},[56,36950,181],{"class":180},[56,36952,2271],{"class":184},[56,36954,181],{"class":180},[56,36956,78],{"class":70},[56,36958,191],{"class":180},[56,36960,11831],{"class":184},[56,36962,181],{"class":180},[56,36964,89],{"class":70},[56,36966,36967],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,36968,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,36970,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,36972,6048],{"class":3965},[56,36974,36210],{"class":62},[56,36976,78],{"class":70},[56,36978,6051],{"class":62},[56,36980,3972],{"class":3965},[56,36982,35912],{"class":111},[56,36984,115],{"class":70},[56,36986,7900],{"class":101},[56,36988,8431],{"class":70},[56,36990,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,36992,8160],{"class":111},[56,36994,115],{"class":70},[56,36996,36234],{"class":101},[56,36998,78],{"class":70},[56,37000,29588],{"class":101},[56,37002,238],{"class":70},[20,37004,37005],{},"But this causes an error:",[47,37007,37009],{"className":49,"code":37008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37010,37011,37035,37039,37064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37012,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37014,7871],{"class":62},[56,37016,67],{"class":66},[56,37018,71],{"class":70},[56,37020,181],{"class":180},[56,37022,2271],{"class":184},[56,37024,181],{"class":180},[56,37026,78],{"class":70},[56,37028,191],{"class":180},[56,37030,11831],{"class":184},[56,37032,181],{"class":180},[56,37034,89],{"class":70},[56,37036,37037],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37038,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,37040,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37042,6048],{"class":3965},[56,37044,36210],{"class":62},[56,37046,78],{"class":70},[56,37048,29588],{"class":62},[56,37050,78],{"class":70},[56,37052,37053],{"class":62}," extra ",[56,37055,3972],{"class":3965},[56,37057,35912],{"class":111},[56,37059,115],{"class":70},[56,37061,7900],{"class":101},[56,37063,8431],{"class":70},[56,37065,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37081],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,37067,8160],{"class":111},[56,37069,115],{"class":70},[56,37071,36234],{"class":101},[56,37073,78],{"class":70},[56,37075,29588],{"class":101},[56,37077,78],{"class":70},[56,37079,37080],{"class":101}," extra",[56,37082,238],{"class":70},[20,37084,29142,37085,37087],{},[15,37086,35830],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1030,37089,37091,37093],{"id":37090},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37092,35830],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37095,37096],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37098,37099],{},"Example with a string:",[47,37101,37103],{"className":49,"code":37102,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37104,37105,37131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37106,37107,37109,37111,37113,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37127,37129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37108,6048],{"class":3965},[56,37110,35902],{"class":62},[56,37112,78],{"class":70},[56,37114,37115],{"class":62}," char ",[56,37117,3972],{"class":3965},[56,37119,35912],{"class":111},[56,37121,115],{"class":70},[56,37123,181],{"class":180},[56,37125,37126],{"class":184},"cat",[56,37128,181],{"class":180},[56,37130,8431],{"class":70},[56,37132,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37144],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37134,8160],{"class":111},[56,37136,115],{"class":70},[56,37138,35927],{"class":101},[56,37140,78],{"class":70},[56,37142,37143],{"class":101}," char",[56,37145,238],{"class":70},[20,37147,241],{},[47,37149,37151],{"className":49,"code":37150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37152,37153,37159,37165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37154,37155,37157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37156,2218],{"class":74},[56,37158,36269],{"class":62},[56,37160,37161,37163],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37162,75],{"class":74},[56,37164,36255],{"class":62},[56,37166,37167,37169],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37168,1097],{"class":74},[56,37170,37171],{"class":62}," t\n",[20,37173,37174,37175,98],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[36,37176,5224],{"href":5676},[1030,37178,37180],{"id":37179},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37182,37183,37184,98],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37185,35830],{},[20,37187,37188,37189,37191],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37190,6048],{}," loop:",[47,37193,37195],{"className":49,"code":37194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37196,37197,37229,37233,37245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37198,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37200,334],{"class":62},[56,37202,67],{"class":66},[56,37204,71],{"class":70},[56,37206,181],{"class":180},[56,37208,343],{"class":184},[56,37210,181],{"class":180},[56,37212,78],{"class":70},[56,37214,191],{"class":180},[56,37216,352],{"class":184},[56,37218,181],{"class":180},[56,37220,78],{"class":70},[56,37222,191],{"class":180},[56,37224,361],{"class":184},[56,37226,181],{"class":180},[56,37228,89],{"class":70},[56,37230,37231],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37232,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,37234,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37236,6048],{"class":3965},[56,37238,35907],{"class":62},[56,37240,3972],{"class":3965},[56,37242,13201],{"class":62},[56,37244,6484],{"class":70},[56,37246,37247,37249,37251,37253],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,37248,8160],{"class":111},[56,37250,115],{"class":70},[56,37252,32974],{"class":101},[56,37254,238],{"class":70},[20,37256,37257],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[42,37259,1418],{"id":1417},[20,37261,37262],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[143,37264,37265,37270,37276,37281],{},[146,37266,23181,37267,37269],{},[15,37268,35830],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[146,37271,37272,37273,37275],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37274,2218],{}," by default",[146,37277,1441,37278,37280],{},[15,37279,35830],{}," when only values are needed",[146,37282,1447,37283,1450,37285],{},[15,37284,35830],{},[15,37286,36278],{},[20,37288,37289],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[47,37291,37293],{"className":49,"code":37292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37294,37295,37317,37344,37378,37411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37296,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37298,112],{"class":111},[56,37300,115],{"class":70},[56,37302,36124],{"class":111},[56,37304,3084],{"class":70},[56,37306,444],{"class":74},[56,37308,78],{"class":70},[56,37310,449],{"class":74},[56,37312,78],{"class":70},[56,37314,454],{"class":74},[56,37316,3097],{"class":70},[56,37318,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37320,112],{"class":111},[56,37322,115],{"class":70},[56,37324,1644],{"class":1545},[56,37326,115],{"class":70},[56,37328,36124],{"class":111},[56,37330,3084],{"class":70},[56,37332,444],{"class":74},[56,37334,78],{"class":70},[56,37336,449],{"class":74},[56,37338,78],{"class":70},[56,37340,454],{"class":74},[56,37342,37343],{"class":70},"])))\n",[56,37345,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37347,112],{"class":111},[56,37349,115],{"class":70},[56,37351,1644],{"class":1545},[56,37353,115],{"class":70},[56,37355,36124],{"class":111},[56,37357,3084],{"class":70},[56,37359,444],{"class":74},[56,37361,78],{"class":70},[56,37363,449],{"class":74},[56,37365,78],{"class":70},[56,37367,454],{"class":74},[56,37369,18142],{"class":70},[56,37371,36133],{"class":9263},[56,37373,67],{"class":66},[56,37375,75],{"class":74},[56,37377,3010],{"class":70},[56,37379,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,37381,6048],{"class":3965},[56,37383,36210],{"class":62},[56,37385,78],{"class":70},[56,37387,21665],{"class":62},[56,37389,3972],{"class":3965},[56,37391,35912],{"class":111},[56,37393,3084],{"class":70},[56,37395,254],{"class":180},[56,37397,36],{"class":184},[56,37399,254],{"class":180},[56,37401,78],{"class":70},[56,37403,263],{"class":180},[56,37405,194],{"class":184},[56,37407,254],{"class":180},[56,37409,37410],{"class":70},"]):\n",[56,37412,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,37414,8160],{"class":111},[56,37416,115],{"class":70},[56,37418,36234],{"class":101},[56,37420,78],{"class":70},[56,37422,8521],{"class":101},[56,37424,238],{"class":70},[20,37426,17039],{},[47,37428,37430],{"className":49,"code":37429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37431,37432,37452,37484,37516,37522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37433,37434,37436,37438,37440,37443,37447,37450],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37435,1635],{"class":66},[56,37437,36124],{"class":111},[56,37439,24698],{"class":1545},[56,37441,37442],{"class":62}," at ",[56,37444,37446],{"class":37445},"srjyR","0x",[56,37448,37449],{"class":34534},"...",[56,37451,1649],{"class":66},[56,37453,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37455,21821],{"class":70},[56,37457,2218],{"class":74},[56,37459,78],{"class":70},[56,37461,508],{"class":74},[56,37463,9321],{"class":70},[56,37465,9324],{"class":70},[56,37467,75],{"class":74},[56,37469,78],{"class":70},[56,37471,449],{"class":74},[56,37473,9321],{"class":70},[56,37475,9324],{"class":70},[56,37477,1097],{"class":74},[56,37479,78],{"class":70},[56,37481,454],{"class":74},[56,37483,9337],{"class":70},[56,37485,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37487,21821],{"class":70},[56,37489,75],{"class":74},[56,37491,78],{"class":70},[56,37493,508],{"class":74},[56,37495,9321],{"class":70},[56,37497,9324],{"class":70},[56,37499,1097],{"class":74},[56,37501,78],{"class":70},[56,37503,449],{"class":74},[56,37505,9321],{"class":70},[56,37507,9324],{"class":70},[56,37509,901],{"class":74},[56,37511,78],{"class":70},[56,37513,454],{"class":74},[56,37515,9337],{"class":70},[56,37517,37518,37520],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,37519,2218],{"class":74},[56,37521,36255],{"class":62},[56,37523,37524,37526],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,37525,75],{"class":74},[56,37527,36262],{"class":62},[42,37529,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,37531,5230,37533,5233],{"id":37532},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37534,35830],{},[20,37536,37537],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1030,37539,1892,37541,37543],{"id":37540},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37542,35830],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37545,37546,37547,37549,37550,37553],{},"It starts at ",[15,37548,2218],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37551,37552],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1030,37555,21501,37557,11180,37559,1911],{"id":37556},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37558,35830],{},[15,37560,37561],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37563,36671,37564,37566],{},[15,37565,35830],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1030,37568,5258,37570,37572],{"id":37569},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37571,35830],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37574,37575,37576,37578],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37577,35830],{}," can return each character with its index.",[42,37580,1996],{"id":1995},[143,37582,37583,37587,37593,37600],{},[146,37584,37585],{},[36,37586,36110],{"href":36109},[146,37588,37589],{},[36,37590,2009,37591,2012],{"href":36275},[15,37592,36278],{},[146,37594,37595],{},[36,37596,37597,37598,36687],{"href":36683},"How to use ",[15,37599,35830],{},[146,37601,37602],{},[36,37603,5305],{"href":5676},[2028,37605,37606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":37608},[37609,37610,37612,37613,37615,37617,37619,37626,37627,37637],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":35970,"depth":92,"text":37611},"What enumerate() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":36281,"depth":92,"text":37614},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36494,"depth":92,"text":37616},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36690,"depth":92,"text":37618},"Using the start argument",{"id":25438,"depth":92,"text":25439,"children":37620},[37621,37622,37623,37625],{"id":36830,"depth":108,"text":36831},{"id":36926,"depth":108,"text":36927},{"id":37090,"depth":108,"text":37624},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37179,"depth":108,"text":37180},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":37628},[37629,37631,37633,37635],{"id":37532,"depth":108,"text":37630},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37540,"depth":108,"text":37632},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37556,"depth":108,"text":37634},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37569,"depth":108,"text":37636},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35822,"description":37638},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37645,"title":37646,"body":37647,"description":40163,"extension":2062,"meta":40164,"navigation":600,"path":40165,"seo":40166,"stem":40167,"__hash__":40168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37648,"toc":40120},[37649,37655,37660,37663,37671,37685,37687,37778,37786,37791,37796,37798,37814,37816,37895,37897,37914,37920,37924,37926,37947,37951,37954,37966,37970,37973,37976,37993,37996,38072,38074,38091,38096,38100,38108,38111,38126,38128,38217,38219,38264,38267,38271,38274,38353,38355,38377,38380,38387,38392,38395,38498,38500,38525,38528,38535,38541,38546,38549,38560,38666,38668,38689,38697,38704,38710,38729,38734,38737,38756,38758,38843,38845,38874,38877,38882,38887,38890,38901,38903,38992,38994,39014,39020,39126,39128,39148,39151,39235,39237,39257,39264,39266,39270,39276,39279,39336,39339,39342,39403,39412,39415,39418,39446,39449,39509,39511,39528,39532,39535,39613,39615,39635,39638,39713,39717,39720,39722,39731,39736,39738,39789,39797,39809,39814,39875,39877,39894,39898,39961,39963,39988,39996,39998,40004,40010,40017,40025,40031,40034,40041,40051,40057,40063,40066,40083,40089,40091,40117],[10,37650,2009,37652,3673],{"id":37651},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37653,37654],{},"filter()",[20,37656,37657,37659],{},[15,37658,37654],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37661,37662],{},"It takes:",[143,37664,37665,37668],{},[146,37666,37667],{},"a function that checks each item",[146,37669,37670],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37672,37673,37674,37677,37678,37681,37682,37684],{},"The result is ",[540,37675,37676],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37679,37680],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37683,24862],{}," to see the values.",[42,37686,2104],{"id":2103},[47,37688,37690],{"className":49,"code":37689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37691,37692,37725,37761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37693,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37695,63],{"class":62},[56,37697,67],{"class":66},[56,37699,71],{"class":70},[56,37701,75],{"class":74},[56,37703,78],{"class":70},[56,37705,81],{"class":74},[56,37707,78],{"class":70},[56,37709,86],{"class":74},[56,37711,78],{"class":70},[56,37713,2554],{"class":74},[56,37715,78],{"class":70},[56,37717,4693],{"class":74},[56,37719,78],{"class":70},[56,37721,37722],{"class":74}," 6",[56,37724,89],{"class":70},[56,37726,37727,37729,37731,37734,37736,37739,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37728,1156],{"class":62},[56,37730,67],{"class":66},[56,37732,37733],{"class":111}," filter",[56,37735,115],{"class":70},[56,37737,37738],{"class":1638},"lambda",[56,37740,37742],{"class":37741},"sFwrP"," x",[56,37744,141],{"class":70},[56,37746,3969],{"class":101},[56,37748,6494],{"class":66},[56,37750,81],{"class":74},[56,37752,6499],{"class":66},[56,37754,3923],{"class":74},[56,37756,78],{"class":70},[56,37758,850],{"class":101},[56,37760,238],{"class":70},[56,37762,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37764,112],{"class":111},[56,37766,115],{"class":70},[56,37768,1644],{"class":1545},[56,37770,115],{"class":70},[56,37772,1190],{"class":101},[56,37774,5451],{"class":70},[56,37776,37777],{"class":123},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37779,37780,37782,37783,37785],{},[15,37781,37654],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37784,24862],{}," to see the results.",[42,37787,133,37789,136],{"id":37788},"what-filter-does",[15,37790,37654],{},[20,37792,37793,37795],{},[15,37794,37654],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37797,2205],{},[143,37799,37800,37803,37809],{},[146,37801,37802],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[146,37804,37805,37806,37808],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37807,3698],{},", the item is kept",[146,37810,37805,37811,37813],{},[15,37812,3764],{},", the item is removed",[20,37815,163],{},[47,37817,37819],{"className":49,"code":37818,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37820,37821,37849,37853,37881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37822,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37824,63],{"class":62},[56,37826,67],{"class":66},[56,37828,71],{"class":70},[56,37830,75],{"class":74},[56,37832,78],{"class":70},[56,37834,81],{"class":74},[56,37836,78],{"class":70},[56,37838,86],{"class":74},[56,37840,78],{"class":70},[56,37842,2554],{"class":74},[56,37844,78],{"class":70},[56,37846,4693],{"class":74},[56,37848,89],{"class":70},[56,37850,37851],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,37852,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,37854,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877,37879],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,37856,1156],{"class":62},[56,37858,67],{"class":66},[56,37860,37733],{"class":111},[56,37862,115],{"class":70},[56,37864,37738],{"class":1638},[56,37866,37742],{"class":37741},[56,37868,141],{"class":70},[56,37870,3969],{"class":101},[56,37872,4339],{"class":66},[56,37874,86],{"class":74},[56,37876,78],{"class":70},[56,37878,850],{"class":101},[56,37880,238],{"class":70},[56,37882,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,37884,112],{"class":111},[56,37886,115],{"class":70},[56,37888,1644],{"class":1545},[56,37890,115],{"class":70},[56,37892,1190],{"class":101},[56,37894,1553],{"class":70},[20,37896,241],{},[47,37898,37900],{"className":49,"code":37899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37901,37902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37905,251],{"class":70},[56,37907,2602],{"class":74},[56,37909,78],{"class":70},[56,37911,4693],{"class":74},[56,37913,89],{"class":70},[20,37915,37916,37917,37919],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37918,901],{}," are kept.",[42,37921,37923],{"id":37922},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37925,292],{},[47,37927,37929],{"className":49,"code":37928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37930,37931],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37932,37933,37935,37937,37940,37942,37945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37934,37680],{"class":111},[56,37936,115],{"class":70},[56,37938,37939],{"class":101},"function",[56,37941,78],{"class":70},[56,37943,37944],{"class":101}," iterable",[56,37946,238],{"class":70},[1030,37948,37949],{"id":37939},[15,37950,37939],{},[20,37952,37953],{},"This is the test function.",[143,37955,37956,37959],{},[146,37957,37958],{},"It receives one item at a time",[146,37960,37961,37962,2976,37964],{},"It should return ",[15,37963,3698],{},[15,37965,3764],{},[1030,37967,37968],{"id":3810},[15,37969,3810],{},[20,37971,37972],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37974,37975],{},"It can be:",[143,37977,37978,37981,37984,37987,37990],{},[146,37979,37980],{},"a list",[146,37982,37983],{},"a tuple",[146,37985,37986],{},"a string",[146,37988,37989],{},"a set",[146,37991,37992],{},"another iterable object",[20,37994,37995],{},"Example with a tuple:",[47,37997,37999],{"className":49,"code":37998,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38000,38001,38026,38030,38058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38002,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38004,63],{"class":62},[56,38006,67],{"class":66},[56,38008,9324],{"class":70},[56,38010,444],{"class":74},[56,38012,78],{"class":70},[56,38014,38015],{"class":74}," 15",[56,38017,78],{"class":70},[56,38019,449],{"class":74},[56,38021,78],{"class":70},[56,38023,9394],{"class":74},[56,38025,238],{"class":70},[56,38027,38028],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38029,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38031,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38033,1156],{"class":62},[56,38035,67],{"class":66},[56,38037,37733],{"class":111},[56,38039,115],{"class":70},[56,38041,37738],{"class":1638},[56,38043,37742],{"class":37741},[56,38045,141],{"class":70},[56,38047,3969],{"class":101},[56,38049,5186],{"class":66},[56,38051,449],{"class":74},[56,38053,78],{"class":70},[56,38055,850],{"class":101},[56,38057,238],{"class":70},[56,38059,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38061,112],{"class":111},[56,38063,115],{"class":70},[56,38065,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38067,115],{"class":70},[56,38069,1190],{"class":101},[56,38071,1553],{"class":70},[20,38073,241],{},[47,38075,38077],{"className":49,"code":38076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38078,38079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38080,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38082,251],{"class":70},[56,38084,15834],{"class":74},[56,38086,78],{"class":70},[56,38088,9394],{"class":74},[56,38090,89],{"class":70},[20,38092,38093,38094,98],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[36,38095,5224],{"href":5676},[42,38097,38099],{"id":38098},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38101,38102,38103,22056,38105,98],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38104,37654],{},[540,38106,38107],{},"filter object",[20,38109,38110],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[143,38112,38113,38116,38121],{},[146,38114,38115],{},"loop through it",[146,38117,38118,38119],{},"convert it with ",[15,38120,24862],{},[146,38122,38118,38123],{},[15,38124,38125],{},"tuple()",[20,38127,163],{},[47,38129,38131],{"className":49,"code":38130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38132,38133,38175,38179,38189,38203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38134,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38136,1156],{"class":62},[56,38138,67],{"class":66},[56,38140,37733],{"class":111},[56,38142,115],{"class":70},[56,38144,37738],{"class":1638},[56,38146,37742],{"class":37741},[56,38148,141],{"class":70},[56,38150,3969],{"class":101},[56,38152,4339],{"class":66},[56,38154,81],{"class":74},[56,38156,78],{"class":70},[56,38158,71],{"class":70},[56,38160,75],{"class":74},[56,38162,78],{"class":70},[56,38164,81],{"class":74},[56,38166,78],{"class":70},[56,38168,86],{"class":74},[56,38170,78],{"class":70},[56,38172,2554],{"class":74},[56,38174,1607],{"class":70},[56,38176,38177],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38178,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38180,38181,38183,38185,38187],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38182,112],{"class":111},[56,38184,115],{"class":70},[56,38186,1190],{"class":101},[56,38188,238],{"class":70},[56,38190,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38192,112],{"class":111},[56,38194,115],{"class":70},[56,38196,1546],{"class":1545},[56,38198,115],{"class":70},[56,38200,1190],{"class":101},[56,38202,1553],{"class":70},[56,38204,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,38206,112],{"class":111},[56,38208,115],{"class":70},[56,38210,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38212,115],{"class":70},[56,38214,1190],{"class":101},[56,38216,1553],{"class":70},[20,38218,241],{},[47,38220,38222],{"className":49,"code":38221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38223,38224,38238,38252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38225,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38227,1635],{"class":66},[56,38229,37680],{"class":111},[56,38231,24698],{"class":1545},[56,38233,37442],{"class":62},[56,38235,37449],{"class":34534},[56,38237,1649],{"class":66},[56,38239,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38241,1635],{"class":66},[56,38243,1639],{"class":1638},[56,38245,263],{"class":180},[56,38247,37680],{"class":184},[56,38249,254],{"class":180},[56,38251,1649],{"class":66},[56,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38255,251],{"class":70},[56,38257,901],{"class":74},[56,38259,78],{"class":70},[56,38261,2554],{"class":74},[56,38263,89],{"class":70},[20,38265,38266],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1030,38268,38270],{"id":38269},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38272,38273],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[47,38275,38277],{"className":49,"code":38276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38278,38279,38321,38325,38339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38280,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38282,1156],{"class":62},[56,38284,67],{"class":66},[56,38286,37733],{"class":111},[56,38288,115],{"class":70},[56,38290,37738],{"class":1638},[56,38292,37742],{"class":37741},[56,38294,141],{"class":70},[56,38296,3969],{"class":101},[56,38298,4339],{"class":66},[56,38300,81],{"class":74},[56,38302,78],{"class":70},[56,38304,71],{"class":70},[56,38306,75],{"class":74},[56,38308,78],{"class":70},[56,38310,81],{"class":74},[56,38312,78],{"class":70},[56,38314,86],{"class":74},[56,38316,78],{"class":70},[56,38318,2554],{"class":74},[56,38320,1607],{"class":70},[56,38322,38323],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38324,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38326,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38328,112],{"class":111},[56,38330,115],{"class":70},[56,38332,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38334,115],{"class":70},[56,38336,1190],{"class":101},[56,38338,1553],{"class":70},[56,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38342,112],{"class":111},[56,38344,115],{"class":70},[56,38346,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38348,115],{"class":70},[56,38350,1190],{"class":101},[56,38352,1553],{"class":70},[20,38354,241],{},[47,38356,38358],{"className":49,"code":38357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38359,38360,38372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38361,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38363,251],{"class":70},[56,38365,901],{"class":74},[56,38367,78],{"class":70},[56,38369,2554],{"class":74},[56,38371,89],{"class":70},[56,38373,38374],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38375,38376],{"class":70},"[]\n",[20,38378,38379],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[42,38381,1441,38383,1450,38385],{"id":38382},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38384,37654],{},[15,38386,37738],{},[20,38388,15268,38389,38391],{},[15,38390,37738],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38393,38394],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[47,38396,38398],{"className":49,"code":38397,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38399,38400,38442,38446,38484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38401,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38421,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38438,38440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38403,4159],{"class":62},[56,38405,67],{"class":66},[56,38407,71],{"class":70},[56,38409,181],{"class":180},[56,38411,562],{"class":184},[56,38413,181],{"class":180},[56,38415,78],{"class":70},[56,38417,191],{"class":180},[56,38419,38420],{"class":184},"kiwi",[56,38422,181],{"class":180},[56,38424,78],{"class":70},[56,38426,191],{"class":180},[56,38428,571],{"class":184},[56,38430,181],{"class":180},[56,38432,78],{"class":70},[56,38434,191],{"class":180},[56,38436,38437],{"class":184},"fig",[56,38439,181],{"class":180},[56,38441,89],{"class":70},[56,38443,38444],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38445,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38447,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38461,38463,38466,38468,38471,38473,38476,38478,38480,38482],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38449,1156],{"class":62},[56,38451,67],{"class":66},[56,38453,37733],{"class":111},[56,38455,115],{"class":70},[56,38457,37738],{"class":1638},[56,38459,38460],{"class":37741}," word",[56,38462,141],{"class":70},[56,38464,38465],{"class":111}," len",[56,38467,115],{"class":70},[56,38469,38470],{"class":101},"word",[56,38472,120],{"class":70},[56,38474,38475],{"class":66}," >",[56,38477,2554],{"class":74},[56,38479,78],{"class":70},[56,38481,6258],{"class":101},[56,38483,238],{"class":70},[56,38485,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38487,112],{"class":111},[56,38489,115],{"class":70},[56,38491,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38493,115],{"class":70},[56,38495,1190],{"class":101},[56,38497,1553],{"class":70},[20,38499,241],{},[47,38501,38503],{"className":49,"code":38502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38504,38505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38506,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38508,251],{"class":70},[56,38510,254],{"class":180},[56,38512,562],{"class":184},[56,38514,254],{"class":180},[56,38516,78],{"class":70},[56,38518,263],{"class":180},[56,38520,571],{"class":184},[56,38522,254],{"class":180},[56,38524,89],{"class":70},[20,38526,38527],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38529,38530,38531,98],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[36,38532,38534],{"href":38533},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[42,38536,1441,38538,38540],{"id":38537},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38539,37654],{}," with a named function",[20,38542,38543,38544,98],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38545,37738],{},[20,38547,38548],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[143,38550,38551,38554,38557],{},[146,38552,38553],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[146,38555,38556],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[146,38558,38559],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[47,38561,38563],{"className":49,"code":38562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38564,38565,38578,38593,38597,38629,38648,38652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38566,38567,38569,38572,38574,38576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38568,34931],{"class":1638},[56,38570,38571],{"class":34934}," is_even",[56,38573,115],{"class":70},[56,38575,2337],{"class":37741},[56,38577,8431],{"class":70},[56,38579,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38581,34942],{"class":3965},[56,38583,6477],{"class":62},[56,38585,6494],{"class":66},[56,38587,81],{"class":74},[56,38589,6499],{"class":66},[56,38591,38592],{"class":74}," 0\n",[56,38594,38595],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38596,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38598,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38600,63],{"class":62},[56,38602,67],{"class":66},[56,38604,71],{"class":70},[56,38606,75],{"class":74},[56,38608,78],{"class":70},[56,38610,81],{"class":74},[56,38612,78],{"class":70},[56,38614,86],{"class":74},[56,38616,78],{"class":70},[56,38618,2554],{"class":74},[56,38620,78],{"class":70},[56,38622,4693],{"class":74},[56,38624,78],{"class":70},[56,38626,37722],{"class":74},[56,38628,89],{"class":70},[56,38630,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38642,38644,38646],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,38632,1156],{"class":62},[56,38634,67],{"class":66},[56,38636,37733],{"class":111},[56,38638,115],{"class":70},[56,38640,38641],{"class":101},"is_even",[56,38643,78],{"class":70},[56,38645,850],{"class":101},[56,38647,238],{"class":70},[56,38649,38650],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,38651,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,38655,112],{"class":111},[56,38657,115],{"class":70},[56,38659,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38661,115],{"class":70},[56,38663,1190],{"class":101},[56,38665,1553],{"class":70},[20,38667,241],{},[47,38669,38671],{"className":49,"code":38670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38672,38673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38674,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38676,251],{"class":70},[56,38678,1097],{"class":74},[56,38680,78],{"class":70},[56,38682,2554],{"class":74},[56,38684,78],{"class":70},[56,38686,37722],{"class":74},[56,38688,89],{"class":70},[20,38690,20851,38691,2494,38694,38696],{},[15,38692,38693],{},"is_even()",[15,38695,3698],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[42,38698,1441,38700,1450,38702],{"id":38699},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38701,157],{},[15,38703,37654],{},[20,38705,38706,38707,38709],{},"You can pass ",[15,38708,157],{}," as the first argument:",[47,38711,38713],{"className":49,"code":38712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38714,38715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38718,37680],{"class":111},[56,38720,115],{"class":70},[56,38722,157],{"class":893},[56,38724,78],{"class":70},[56,38726,37944],{"class":101},[56,38728,238],{"class":70},[20,38730,38731,38732,7430],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[540,38733,5686],{},[20,38735,38736],{},"Falsy values include:",[143,38738,38739,38743,38748,38752],{},[146,38740,38741],{},[15,38742,2218],{},[146,38744,38745,38747],{},[15,38746,3863],{}," (empty string)",[146,38749,38750],{},[15,38751,157],{},[146,38753,38754],{},[15,38755,3764],{},[20,38757,163],{},[47,38759,38761],{"className":49,"code":38760,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38762,38763,38807,38811,38829],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38764,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38766,7871],{"class":62},[56,38768,67],{"class":66},[56,38770,71],{"class":70},[56,38772,2218],{"class":74},[56,38774,78],{"class":70},[56,38776,910],{"class":74},[56,38778,78],{"class":70},[56,38780,6216],{"class":180},[56,38782,78],{"class":70},[56,38784,191],{"class":180},[56,38786,1473],{"class":184},[56,38788,181],{"class":180},[56,38790,78],{"class":70},[56,38792,3941],{"class":893},[56,38794,78],{"class":70},[56,38796,4004],{"class":893},[56,38798,78],{"class":70},[56,38800,3995],{"class":893},[56,38802,78],{"class":70},[56,38804,4693],{"class":74},[56,38806,89],{"class":70},[56,38808,38809],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38810,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38812,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38814,1156],{"class":62},[56,38816,67],{"class":66},[56,38818,37733],{"class":111},[56,38820,115],{"class":70},[56,38822,157],{"class":893},[56,38824,78],{"class":70},[56,38826,6056],{"class":101},[56,38828,238],{"class":70},[56,38830,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38832,112],{"class":111},[56,38834,115],{"class":70},[56,38836,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38838,115],{"class":70},[56,38840,1190],{"class":101},[56,38842,1553],{"class":70},[20,38844,241],{},[47,38846,38848],{"className":49,"code":38847,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38849,38850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38851,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38853,251],{"class":70},[56,38855,75],{"class":74},[56,38857,78],{"class":70},[56,38859,263],{"class":180},[56,38861,1473],{"class":184},[56,38863,254],{"class":180},[56,38865,78],{"class":70},[56,38867,4004],{"class":893},[56,38869,78],{"class":70},[56,38871,4693],{"class":74},[56,38873,89],{"class":70},[20,38875,38876],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[42,38878,1389,38880],{"id":38879},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38881,37654],{},[20,38883,650,38884,38886],{},[15,38885,37654],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38888,38889],{},"It works well for:",[143,38891,38892,38895,38898],{},[146,38893,38894],{},"simple filtering rules",[146,38896,38897],{},"quick data cleaning",[146,38899,38900],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38902,163],{},[47,38904,38906],{"className":49,"code":38905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38907,38908,38940,38973,38977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38909,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38911,63],{"class":62},[56,38913,67],{"class":66},[56,38915,71],{"class":70},[56,38917,75],{"class":74},[56,38919,78],{"class":70},[56,38921,81],{"class":74},[56,38923,78],{"class":70},[56,38925,86],{"class":74},[56,38927,78],{"class":70},[56,38929,2554],{"class":74},[56,38931,78],{"class":70},[56,38933,4693],{"class":74},[56,38935,78],{"class":70},[56,38937,37722],{"class":74},[56,38939,89],{"class":70},[56,38941,38942,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,38943,38944],{"class":62},"evens ",[56,38946,67],{"class":66},[56,38948,37733],{"class":111},[56,38950,115],{"class":70},[56,38952,37738],{"class":1638},[56,38954,37742],{"class":37741},[56,38956,141],{"class":70},[56,38958,3969],{"class":101},[56,38960,6494],{"class":66},[56,38962,81],{"class":74},[56,38964,6499],{"class":66},[56,38966,3923],{"class":74},[56,38968,78],{"class":70},[56,38970,850],{"class":101},[56,38972,238],{"class":70},[56,38974,38975],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,38976,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,38978,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38990],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,38980,112],{"class":111},[56,38982,115],{"class":70},[56,38984,1644],{"class":1545},[56,38986,115],{"class":70},[56,38988,38989],{"class":101},"evens",[56,38991,1553],{"class":70},[20,38993,241],{},[47,38995,38996],{"className":49,"code":38670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,38997,38998],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38999,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39001,251],{"class":70},[56,39003,1097],{"class":74},[56,39005,78],{"class":70},[56,39007,2554],{"class":74},[56,39009,78],{"class":70},[56,39011,37722],{"class":74},[56,39013,89],{"class":70},[20,39015,39016,39017,39019],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39018,6048],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[47,39021,39023],{"className":49,"code":39022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39024,39025,39057,39065,39069,39081,39097,39112,39116],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39026,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39028,63],{"class":62},[56,39030,67],{"class":66},[56,39032,71],{"class":70},[56,39034,75],{"class":74},[56,39036,78],{"class":70},[56,39038,81],{"class":74},[56,39040,78],{"class":70},[56,39042,86],{"class":74},[56,39044,78],{"class":70},[56,39046,2554],{"class":74},[56,39048,78],{"class":70},[56,39050,4693],{"class":74},[56,39052,78],{"class":70},[56,39054,37722],{"class":74},[56,39056,89],{"class":70},[56,39058,39059,39061,39063],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39060,38944],{"class":62},[56,39062,67],{"class":66},[56,39064,7929],{"class":70},[56,39066,39067],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,39068,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,39070,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,39072,6048],{"class":3965},[56,39074,6477],{"class":62},[56,39076,3972],{"class":3965},[56,39078,850],{"class":62},[56,39080,6484],{"class":70},[56,39082,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,39084,6489],{"class":3965},[56,39086,6477],{"class":62},[56,39088,6494],{"class":66},[56,39090,81],{"class":74},[56,39092,6499],{"class":66},[56,39094,3923],{"class":74},[56,39096,6484],{"class":70},[56,39098,39099,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,39100,39101],{"class":62},"        evens",[56,39103,98],{"class":70},[56,39105,13631],{"class":101},[56,39107,115],{"class":70},[56,39109,2337],{"class":101},[56,39111,238],{"class":70},[56,39113,39114],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,39115,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,39119,112],{"class":111},[56,39121,115],{"class":70},[56,39123,38989],{"class":101},[56,39125,238],{"class":70},[20,39127,241],{},[47,39129,39130],{"className":49,"code":38670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39131,39132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39133,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39135,251],{"class":70},[56,39137,1097],{"class":74},[56,39139,78],{"class":70},[56,39141,2554],{"class":74},[56,39143,78],{"class":70},[56,39145,37722],{"class":74},[56,39147,89],{"class":70},[20,39149,39150],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[47,39152,39154],{"className":49,"code":39153,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39155,39156,39188,39221,39225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39157,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39159,63],{"class":62},[56,39161,67],{"class":66},[56,39163,71],{"class":70},[56,39165,75],{"class":74},[56,39167,78],{"class":70},[56,39169,81],{"class":74},[56,39171,78],{"class":70},[56,39173,86],{"class":74},[56,39175,78],{"class":70},[56,39177,2554],{"class":74},[56,39179,78],{"class":70},[56,39181,4693],{"class":74},[56,39183,78],{"class":70},[56,39185,37722],{"class":74},[56,39187,89],{"class":70},[56,39189,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39191,38944],{"class":62},[56,39193,67],{"class":66},[56,39195,71],{"class":70},[56,39197,2315],{"class":62},[56,39199,6048],{"class":3965},[56,39201,6477],{"class":62},[56,39203,3972],{"class":3965},[56,39205,39206],{"class":62}," numbers ",[56,39208,7087],{"class":3965},[56,39210,6477],{"class":62},[56,39212,6494],{"class":66},[56,39214,81],{"class":74},[56,39216,6499],{"class":66},[56,39218,3923],{"class":74},[56,39220,89],{"class":70},[56,39222,39223],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,39224,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,39226,39227,39229,39231,39233],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,39228,112],{"class":111},[56,39230,115],{"class":70},[56,39232,38989],{"class":101},[56,39234,238],{"class":70},[20,39236,241],{},[47,39238,39239],{"className":49,"code":38670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39240,39241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39242,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39244,251],{"class":70},[56,39246,1097],{"class":74},[56,39248,78],{"class":70},[56,39250,2554],{"class":74},[56,39252,78],{"class":70},[56,39254,37722],{"class":74},[56,39256,89],{"class":70},[20,39258,39259,39260,98],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[36,39261,39263],{"href":39262},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[42,39265,1418],{"id":1417},[20,39267,14812,39268,98],{},[15,39269,37654],{},[1030,39271,1435,39273,39275],{"id":39272},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39274,37654],{}," to return a list",[20,39277,39278],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[47,39280,39282],{"className":49,"code":39281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39283,39284,39326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39285,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39287,1156],{"class":62},[56,39289,67],{"class":66},[56,39291,37733],{"class":111},[56,39293,115],{"class":70},[56,39295,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39297,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39299,141],{"class":70},[56,39301,3969],{"class":101},[56,39303,4339],{"class":66},[56,39305,81],{"class":74},[56,39307,78],{"class":70},[56,39309,71],{"class":70},[56,39311,75],{"class":74},[56,39313,78],{"class":70},[56,39315,81],{"class":74},[56,39317,78],{"class":70},[56,39319,86],{"class":74},[56,39321,78],{"class":70},[56,39323,2554],{"class":74},[56,39325,1607],{"class":70},[56,39327,39328,39330,39332,39334],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39329,112],{"class":111},[56,39331,115],{"class":70},[56,39333,1190],{"class":101},[56,39335,238],{"class":70},[20,39337,39338],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39340,39341],{},"Fix:",[47,39343,39345],{"className":49,"code":39344,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39346,39347,39389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39348,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39350,1156],{"class":62},[56,39352,67],{"class":66},[56,39354,37733],{"class":111},[56,39356,115],{"class":70},[56,39358,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39360,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39362,141],{"class":70},[56,39364,3969],{"class":101},[56,39366,4339],{"class":66},[56,39368,81],{"class":74},[56,39370,78],{"class":70},[56,39372,71],{"class":70},[56,39374,75],{"class":74},[56,39376,78],{"class":70},[56,39378,81],{"class":74},[56,39380,78],{"class":70},[56,39382,86],{"class":74},[56,39384,78],{"class":70},[56,39386,2554],{"class":74},[56,39388,1607],{"class":70},[56,39390,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39392,112],{"class":111},[56,39394,115],{"class":70},[56,39396,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39398,115],{"class":70},[56,39400,1190],{"class":101},[56,39402,1553],{"class":70},[1030,39404,39406,39407,2976,39409,39411],{"id":39405},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39408,3698],{},[15,39410,3764],{}," clearly",[20,39413,39414],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39416,39417],{},"Good example:",[47,39419,39421],{"className":49,"code":39420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39422,39423,39436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39424,39425,39427,39430,39432,39434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39426,34931],{"class":1638},[56,39428,39429],{"class":34934}," is_positive",[56,39431,115],{"class":70},[56,39433,2337],{"class":37741},[56,39435,8431],{"class":70},[56,39437,39438,39440,39442,39444],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39439,34942],{"class":3965},[56,39441,6477],{"class":62},[56,39443,4339],{"class":66},[56,39445,38592],{"class":74},[20,39447,39448],{},"Then use it with:",[47,39450,39452],{"className":49,"code":39451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39453,39454,39486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39455,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39457,63],{"class":62},[56,39459,67],{"class":66},[56,39461,71],{"class":70},[56,39463,709],{"class":66},[56,39465,1097],{"class":74},[56,39467,78],{"class":70},[56,39469,2320],{"class":66},[56,39471,75],{"class":74},[56,39473,78],{"class":70},[56,39475,3923],{"class":74},[56,39477,78],{"class":70},[56,39479,910],{"class":74},[56,39481,78],{"class":70},[56,39483,81],{"class":74},[56,39485,89],{"class":70},[56,39487,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39503,39505,39507],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39489,112],{"class":111},[56,39491,115],{"class":70},[56,39493,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39495,115],{"class":70},[56,39497,37680],{"class":111},[56,39499,115],{"class":70},[56,39501,39502],{"class":101},"is_positive",[56,39504,78],{"class":70},[56,39506,850],{"class":101},[56,39508,3010],{"class":70},[20,39510,241],{},[47,39512,39514],{"className":49,"code":39513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39515,39516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39517,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39519,251],{"class":70},[56,39521,75],{"class":74},[56,39523,78],{"class":70},[56,39525,81],{"class":74},[56,39527,89],{"class":70},[1030,39529,39531],{"id":39530},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39533,39534],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[47,39536,39537],{"className":49,"code":38276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39538,39539,39581,39585,39599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39540,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39542,1156],{"class":62},[56,39544,67],{"class":66},[56,39546,37733],{"class":111},[56,39548,115],{"class":70},[56,39550,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39552,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39554,141],{"class":70},[56,39556,3969],{"class":101},[56,39558,4339],{"class":66},[56,39560,81],{"class":74},[56,39562,78],{"class":70},[56,39564,71],{"class":70},[56,39566,75],{"class":74},[56,39568,78],{"class":70},[56,39570,81],{"class":74},[56,39572,78],{"class":70},[56,39574,86],{"class":74},[56,39576,78],{"class":70},[56,39578,2554],{"class":74},[56,39580,1607],{"class":70},[56,39582,39583],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39584,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,39586,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,39588,112],{"class":111},[56,39590,115],{"class":70},[56,39592,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39594,115],{"class":70},[56,39596,1190],{"class":101},[56,39598,1553],{"class":70},[56,39600,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,39602,112],{"class":111},[56,39604,115],{"class":70},[56,39606,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39608,115],{"class":70},[56,39610,1190],{"class":101},[56,39612,1553],{"class":70},[20,39614,241],{},[47,39616,39617],{"className":49,"code":38357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,39618,39619,39631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39620,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39622,251],{"class":70},[56,39624,901],{"class":74},[56,39626,78],{"class":70},[56,39628,2554],{"class":74},[56,39630,89],{"class":70},[56,39632,39633],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39634,38376],{"class":70},[20,39636,39637],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[47,39639,39641],{"className":49,"code":39640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39642,39643,39689,39693,39703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39644,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39646,1156],{"class":62},[56,39648,67],{"class":66},[56,39650,1878],{"class":1545},[56,39652,115],{"class":70},[56,39654,37680],{"class":111},[56,39656,115],{"class":70},[56,39658,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39660,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39662,141],{"class":70},[56,39664,3969],{"class":101},[56,39666,4339],{"class":66},[56,39668,81],{"class":74},[56,39670,78],{"class":70},[56,39672,71],{"class":70},[56,39674,75],{"class":74},[56,39676,78],{"class":70},[56,39678,81],{"class":74},[56,39680,78],{"class":70},[56,39682,86],{"class":74},[56,39684,78],{"class":70},[56,39686,2554],{"class":74},[56,39688,3097],{"class":70},[56,39690,39691],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39692,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,39694,39695,39697,39699,39701],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,39696,112],{"class":111},[56,39698,115],{"class":70},[56,39700,1190],{"class":101},[56,39702,238],{"class":70},[56,39704,39705,39707,39709,39711],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,39706,112],{"class":111},[56,39708,115],{"class":70},[56,39710,1190],{"class":101},[56,39712,238],{"class":70},[1030,39714,39716],{"id":39715},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39718,39719],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39721,16724],{},[47,39723,39725],{"className":49,"code":39724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39726,39727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39728,39729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39730,39724],{"class":123},[20,39732,39733,39734,6640],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39735,444],{},[20,39737,16736],{},[47,39739,39741],{"className":49,"code":39740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39742,39743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39744,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39746,112],{"class":111},[56,39748,115],{"class":70},[56,39750,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39752,115],{"class":70},[56,39754,37680],{"class":111},[56,39756,115],{"class":70},[56,39758,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39760,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39762,141],{"class":70},[56,39764,3969],{"class":101},[56,39766,4339],{"class":66},[56,39768,81],{"class":74},[56,39770,78],{"class":70},[56,39772,71],{"class":70},[56,39774,75],{"class":74},[56,39776,78],{"class":70},[56,39778,81],{"class":74},[56,39780,78],{"class":70},[56,39782,86],{"class":74},[56,39784,78],{"class":70},[56,39786,2554],{"class":74},[56,39788,37343],{"class":70},[1030,39790,1447,39792,1450,39794],{"id":39791},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39793,37654],{},[15,39795,39796],{},"map()",[143,39798,39799,39804],{},[146,39800,39801,39803],{},[15,39802,37654],{}," keeps or removes items",[146,39805,39806,39808],{},[15,39807,39796],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39810,39811,39812,141],{},"Example of ",[15,39813,37654],{},[47,39815,39817],{"className":49,"code":39816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39818,39819,39843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39820,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39822,63],{"class":62},[56,39824,67],{"class":66},[56,39826,71],{"class":70},[56,39828,75],{"class":74},[56,39830,78],{"class":70},[56,39832,81],{"class":74},[56,39834,78],{"class":70},[56,39836,86],{"class":74},[56,39838,78],{"class":70},[56,39840,2554],{"class":74},[56,39842,89],{"class":70},[56,39844,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871,39873],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39846,112],{"class":111},[56,39848,115],{"class":70},[56,39850,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39852,115],{"class":70},[56,39854,37680],{"class":111},[56,39856,115],{"class":70},[56,39858,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39860,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39862,141],{"class":70},[56,39864,3969],{"class":101},[56,39866,4339],{"class":66},[56,39868,81],{"class":74},[56,39870,78],{"class":70},[56,39872,850],{"class":101},[56,39874,3010],{"class":70},[20,39876,241],{},[47,39878,39880],{"className":49,"code":39879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39881,39882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39883,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39885,251],{"class":70},[56,39887,901],{"class":74},[56,39889,78],{"class":70},[56,39891,2554],{"class":74},[56,39893,89],{"class":70},[20,39895,39811,39896,141],{},[15,39897,39796],{},[47,39899,39901],{"className":49,"code":39900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39902,39903,39927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39904,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39906,63],{"class":62},[56,39908,67],{"class":66},[56,39910,71],{"class":70},[56,39912,75],{"class":74},[56,39914,78],{"class":70},[56,39916,81],{"class":74},[56,39918,78],{"class":70},[56,39920,86],{"class":74},[56,39922,78],{"class":70},[56,39924,2554],{"class":74},[56,39926,89],{"class":70},[56,39928,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39953,39955,39957,39959],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,39930,112],{"class":111},[56,39932,115],{"class":70},[56,39934,1644],{"class":1545},[56,39936,115],{"class":70},[56,39938,39939],{"class":111},"map",[56,39941,115],{"class":70},[56,39943,37738],{"class":1638},[56,39945,37742],{"class":37741},[56,39947,141],{"class":70},[56,39949,3969],{"class":101},[56,39951,39952],{"class":66},"*",[56,39954,81],{"class":74},[56,39956,78],{"class":70},[56,39958,850],{"class":101},[56,39960,3010],{"class":70},[20,39962,241],{},[47,39964,39966],{"className":49,"code":39965,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39967,39968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39969,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39971,251],{"class":70},[56,39973,1097],{"class":74},[56,39975,78],{"class":70},[56,39977,2554],{"class":74},[56,39979,78],{"class":70},[56,39981,37722],{"class":74},[56,39983,78],{"class":70},[56,39985,6450],{"class":74},[56,39987,89],{"class":70},[20,39989,39990,39991,98],{},"For the related function, see ",[36,39992,2009,39994,2012],{"href":39993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39995,39796],{},[42,39997,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,39999,1892,40001,40003],{"id":40000},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40002,37654],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40005,40006,40007,40009],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40008,24862],{}," if needed.",[1030,40011,40013,40014,40016],{"id":40012},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40015,37654],{}," need to return?",[20,40018,37961,40019,40021,40022,40024],{},[15,40020,3698],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40023,3764],{}," to remove it.",[1030,40026,1925,40028,40030],{"id":40027},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40029,37654],{}," without lambda?",[20,40032,40033],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1030,40035,5230,40037,40040],{"id":40036},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40038,40039],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40042,40043,40044,40046,40047,17153,40049,98],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40045,2218],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40048,157],{},[15,40050,3764],{},[1030,40052,21501,40054,40056],{"id":40053},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40055,37654],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40058,40059,40060,40062],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40061,6048],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40064,40065],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[143,40067,40068,40074,40080],{},[146,40069,40070,40071,40073],{},"use ",[15,40072,37654],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[146,40075,40076,40077,40079],{},"use a ",[15,40078,6048],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[146,40081,40082],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40084,40085,40086,98],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[36,40087,5220],{"href":40088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[42,40090,1996],{"id":1995},[143,40092,40093,40098,40102,40107,40113],{},[146,40094,40095],{},[36,40096,40097],{"href":38533},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[146,40099,40100],{},[36,40101,5310],{"href":40088},[146,40103,40104],{},[36,40105,40106],{"href":39262},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[146,40108,40109],{},[36,40110,2009,40111,2012],{"href":39993},[15,40112,39796],{},[146,40114,40115],{},[36,40116,5305],{"href":5676},[2028,40118,40119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":40121},[40122,40123,40125,40129,40132,40134,40136,40138,40140,40150,40162],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":37788,"depth":92,"text":40124},"What filter() does",{"id":37922,"depth":92,"text":37923,"children":40126},[40127,40128],{"id":37939,"depth":108,"text":37939},{"id":3810,"depth":108,"text":3810},{"id":38098,"depth":92,"text":38099,"children":40130},[40131],{"id":38269,"depth":108,"text":38270},{"id":38382,"depth":92,"text":40133},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38537,"depth":92,"text":40135},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38699,"depth":92,"text":40137},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38879,"depth":92,"text":40139},"When to use filter()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":40141},[40142,40144,40146,40147,40148],{"id":39272,"depth":108,"text":40143},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39405,"depth":108,"text":40145},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39530,"depth":108,"text":39531},{"id":39715,"depth":108,"text":39716},{"id":39791,"depth":108,"text":40149},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":40151},[40152,40154,40156,40158,40160],{"id":40000,"depth":108,"text":40153},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40012,"depth":108,"text":40155},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40027,"depth":108,"text":40157},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40036,"depth":108,"text":40159},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40053,"depth":108,"text":40161},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37646,"description":40163},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40170,"title":40171,"body":40172,"description":42323,"extension":2062,"meta":42324,"navigation":600,"path":42325,"seo":42326,"stem":42327,"__hash__":42328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40173,"toc":42277},[40174,40177,40182,40188,40190,40242,40244,40263,40268,40272,40277,40280,40295,40298,40320,40322,40371,40373,40397,40399,40401,40416,40421,40429,40444,40446,40455,40458,40493,40497,40502,40506,40513,40548,40550,40566,40570,40573,40614,40616,40630,40634,40637,40661,40663,40672,40676,40679,40712,40714,40727,40731,40737,40756,40758,40766,40770,40775,40779,40785,40808,40810,40839,40842,40861,40865,40868,40895,40897,40931,40935,40938,40962,40966,40977,40979,40984,40989,40991,41075,41077,41119,41122,41126,41133,41142,41198,41205,41214,41219,41223,41294,41296,41305,41309,41312,41356,41358,41367,41371,41377,41427,41431,41436,41440,41464,41466,41475,41479,41503,41505,41516,41520,41544,41546,41555,41558,41575,41581,41585,41591,41594,41599,41602,41623,41625,41657,41660,41665,41667,41678,41680,41724,41728,41735,41787,41789,41798,41802,41805,41898,41901,41925,41929,41932,42024,42029,42033,42040,42045,42069,42071,42080,42085,42108,42110,42118,42125,42148,42156,42158,42171,42181,42183,42187,42194,42198,42207,42211,42218,42222,42226,42230,42242,42244,42274],[10,40175,40171],{"id":40176},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40178,9210,40179,40181],{},[15,40180,2982],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40183,40184,40185,40187],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40186,2982],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[42,40189,2104],{"id":2103},[47,40191,40193],{"className":49,"code":40192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40194,40195,40209,40228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40198,112],{"class":111},[56,40200,115],{"class":70},[56,40202,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40204,115],{"class":70},[56,40206,2235],{"class":74},[56,40208,1553],{"class":70},[56,40210,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40224,40226],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40212,112],{"class":111},[56,40214,115],{"class":70},[56,40216,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40218,115],{"class":70},[56,40220,181],{"class":180},[56,40222,40223],{"class":184},"3.14",[56,40225,181],{"class":180},[56,40227,1553],{"class":70},[56,40229,40230,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,40231,112],{"class":111},[56,40233,115],{"class":70},[56,40235,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40237,115],{"class":70},[56,40239,3698],{"class":893},[56,40241,1553],{"class":70},[20,40243,241],{},[47,40245,40247],{"className":49,"code":40246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40248,40249,40253,40258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40250,40251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40252,2577],{"class":74},[56,40254,40255],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40256,40257],{"class":74},"3.14\n",[56,40259,40260],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,40261,40262],{"class":74},"1.0\n",[20,40264,650,40265,40267],{},[15,40266,2982],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[42,40269,40271],{"id":40270},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40273,40274,40276],{},[15,40275,2982],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40278,40279],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[143,40281,40282,40286,40290],{},[146,40283,40284],{},[15,40285,2589],{},[146,40287,40288],{},[15,40289,40223],{},[146,40291,40292],{},[15,40293,40294],{},"0.5",[20,40296,40297],{},"A few key points:",[143,40299,40300,40307,40310,40313],{},[146,40301,40302,40304,40305],{},[15,40303,2982],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40306,2290],{},[146,40308,40309],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[146,40311,40312],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[146,40314,40315,40316],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[36,40317,40318],{"href":8310},[15,40319,3056],{},[20,40321,163],{},[47,40323,40325],{"className":49,"code":40324,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40326,40327,40347,40357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40328,40329,40331,40333,40336,40338,40340,40343,40345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40330,2315],{"class":62},[56,40332,67],{"class":66},[56,40334,40335],{"class":1545}," float",[56,40337,115],{"class":70},[56,40339,181],{"class":180},[56,40341,40342],{"class":184},"2.75",[56,40344,181],{"class":180},[56,40346,238],{"class":70},[56,40348,40349,40351,40353,40355],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40350,112],{"class":111},[56,40352,115],{"class":70},[56,40354,2337],{"class":101},[56,40356,238],{"class":70},[56,40358,40359,40361,40363,40365,40367,40369],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,40360,112],{"class":111},[56,40362,115],{"class":70},[56,40364,1546],{"class":1545},[56,40366,115],{"class":70},[56,40368,2337],{"class":101},[56,40370,1553],{"class":70},[20,40372,241],{},[47,40374,40376],{"className":49,"code":40375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40377,40378,40383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40379,40380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40381,40382],{"class":74},"2.75\n",[56,40384,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40386,1635],{"class":66},[56,40388,1639],{"class":1638},[56,40390,263],{"class":180},[56,40392,2290],{"class":184},[56,40394,254],{"class":180},[56,40396,1649],{"class":66},[42,40398,289],{"id":288},[20,40400,7308],{},[47,40402,40404],{"className":49,"code":40403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"float(value)\n",[15,40405,40406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40407,40408,40410,40412,40414],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40409,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40411,115],{"class":70},[56,40413,2570],{"class":101},[56,40415,238],{"class":70},[20,40417,40418,40419,98],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40420,2982],{},[20,40422,40423,40424,40426,40427,141],{},"If you call ",[15,40425,2982],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40428,3858],{},[47,40430,40432],{"className":49,"code":40431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float())\n",[15,40433,40434],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40435,40436,40438,40440,40442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40437,112],{"class":111},[56,40439,115],{"class":70},[56,40441,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40443,7284],{"class":70},[20,40445,241],{},[47,40447,40449],{"className":49,"code":40448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0.0\n",[15,40450,40451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40452,40453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40454,40448],{"class":74},[20,40456,40457],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[47,40459,40461],{"className":49,"code":40460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40462,40463,40483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40464,40465,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476,40479,40481],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40466,40467],{"class":62},"price ",[56,40469,67],{"class":66},[56,40471,40335],{"class":1545},[56,40473,115],{"class":70},[56,40475,181],{"class":180},[56,40477,40478],{"class":184},"19.99",[56,40480,181],{"class":180},[56,40482,238],{"class":70},[56,40484,40485,40487,40489,40491],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40486,112],{"class":111},[56,40488,115],{"class":70},[56,40490,25231],{"class":101},[56,40492,238],{"class":70},[42,40494,40496],{"id":40495},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40498,40499,40501],{},[15,40500,2982],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1030,40503,40505],{"id":40504},"integers","Integers",[20,40507,40508,40509,40512],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40510,40511],{},".0"," added:",[47,40514,40516],{"className":49,"code":40515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40517,40518,40532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40519,40520,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40521,112],{"class":111},[56,40523,115],{"class":70},[56,40525,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40527,115],{"class":70},[56,40529,2235],{"class":74},[56,40531,1553],{"class":70},[56,40533,40534,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40535,112],{"class":111},[56,40537,115],{"class":70},[56,40539,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40541,115],{"class":70},[56,40543,709],{"class":66},[56,40545,1097],{"class":74},[56,40547,1553],{"class":70},[20,40549,241],{},[47,40551,40553],{"className":49,"code":40552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40554,40555,40559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40556,40557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40558,2577],{"class":74},[56,40560,40561,40563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40562,709],{"class":66},[56,40564,40565],{"class":74},"2.0\n",[1030,40567,40569],{"id":40568},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40571,40572],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[47,40574,40576],{"className":49,"code":40575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40577,40578,40596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40579,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592,40594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40581,112],{"class":111},[56,40583,115],{"class":70},[56,40585,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40587,115],{"class":70},[56,40589,181],{"class":180},[56,40591,40223],{"class":184},[56,40593,181],{"class":180},[56,40595,1553],{"class":70},[56,40597,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40599,112],{"class":111},[56,40601,115],{"class":70},[56,40603,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40605,115],{"class":70},[56,40607,181],{"class":180},[56,40609,444],{"class":184},[56,40611,181],{"class":180},[56,40613,1553],{"class":70},[20,40615,241],{},[47,40617,40619],{"className":49,"code":40618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40620,40621,40625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40622,40623],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40624,40257],{"class":74},[56,40626,40627],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40628,40629],{"class":74},"10.0\n",[1030,40631,40633],{"id":40632},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40635,40636],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[47,40638,40640],{"className":49,"code":40639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40641,40642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40643,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40657,40659],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40645,112],{"class":111},[56,40647,115],{"class":70},[56,40649,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40651,115],{"class":70},[56,40653,181],{"class":180},[56,40655,40656],{"class":184},"  8.5  ",[56,40658,181],{"class":180},[56,40660,1553],{"class":70},[20,40662,241],{},[47,40664,40666],{"className":49,"code":40665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8.5\n",[15,40667,40668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40669,40670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40671,40665],{"class":74},[1030,40673,40675],{"id":40674},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40677,40678],{},"Boolean values also work:",[47,40680,40682],{"className":49,"code":40681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40683,40684,40698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40685,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694,40696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40687,112],{"class":111},[56,40689,115],{"class":70},[56,40691,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40693,115],{"class":70},[56,40695,3698],{"class":893},[56,40697,1553],{"class":70},[56,40699,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708,40710],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40701,112],{"class":111},[56,40703,115],{"class":70},[56,40705,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40707,115],{"class":70},[56,40709,3764],{"class":893},[56,40711,1553],{"class":70},[20,40713,241],{},[47,40715,40717],{"className":49,"code":40716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40718,40719,40723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40720,40721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40722,40262],{"class":74},[56,40724,40725],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,40726,40448],{"class":74},[1030,40728,40730],{"id":40729},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40732,40733,40734,40736],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40735,2982],{}," returns a float version of it:",[47,40738,40740],{"className":49,"code":40739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40741,40742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40743,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40745,112],{"class":111},[56,40747,115],{"class":70},[56,40749,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40751,115],{"class":70},[56,40753,2459],{"class":74},[56,40755,1553],{"class":70},[20,40757,241],{},[47,40759,40760],{"className":49,"code":2483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,40761,40762],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40763,40764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40765,2483],{"class":74},[42,40767,40769],{"id":40768},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40771,40772,40773,98],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40774,2982],{},[1030,40776,40778],{"id":40777},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40780,40781,40782,141],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40783,40784],{},"ValueError",[47,40786,40788],{"className":49,"code":40787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40789,40790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40791,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804,40806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40793,112],{"class":111},[56,40795,115],{"class":70},[56,40797,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40799,115],{"class":70},[56,40801,181],{"class":180},[56,40803,1473],{"class":184},[56,40805,181],{"class":180},[56,40807,1553],{"class":70},[20,40809,29762],{},[47,40811,40813],{"className":49,"code":40812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40814,40815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40816,40817,40819,40821,40824,40826,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40818,40784],{"class":1545},[56,40820,141],{"class":70},[56,40822,40823],{"class":62}," could ",[56,40825,931],{"class":66},[56,40827,40828],{"class":62}," convert string to ",[56,40830,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40832,141],{"class":70},[56,40834,263],{"class":180},[56,40836,1473],{"class":184},[56,40838,29781],{"class":180},[20,40840,40841],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[47,40843,40845],{"className":49,"code":40844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40846,40847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40848,40849,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40850,112],{"class":111},[56,40852,115],{"class":70},[56,40854,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40856,115],{"class":70},[56,40858,6362],{"class":180},[56,40860,1553],{"class":70},[1030,40862,40864],{"id":40863},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40866,40867],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[47,40869,40871],{"className":49,"code":40870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40872,40873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40874,40875,40877,40879,40881,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40876,112],{"class":111},[56,40878,115],{"class":70},[56,40880,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40882,3084],{"class":70},[56,40884,75],{"class":74},[56,40886,78],{"class":70},[56,40888,81],{"class":74},[56,40890,78],{"class":70},[56,40892,86],{"class":74},[56,40894,3097],{"class":70},[20,40896,29762],{},[47,40898,40900],{"className":49,"code":40899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40901,40902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40903,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40915,40918,40921,40923,40925,40927,40929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40905,3103],{"class":1545},[56,40907,141],{"class":70},[56,40909,40335],{"class":1545},[56,40911,7456],{"class":70},[56,40913,40914],{"class":62}," argument must be a string ",[56,40916,40917],{"class":66},"or",[56,40919,40920],{"class":62}," a real number",[56,40922,78],{"class":70},[56,40924,8190],{"class":66},[56,40926,263],{"class":180},[56,40928,1644],{"class":184},[56,40930,29781],{"class":180},[1030,40932,40934],{"id":40933},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40936,40937],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[47,40939,40941],{"className":49,"code":40940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40942,40943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40944,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953,40955,40958,40960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40946,112],{"class":111},[56,40948,115],{"class":70},[56,40950,2290],{"class":1545},[56,40952,115],{"class":70},[56,40954,181],{"class":180},[56,40956,40957],{"class":184},"3,14",[56,40959,181],{"class":180},[56,40961,1553],{"class":70},[20,40963,3100,40964,98],{},[15,40965,40784],{},[20,40967,40968,40969,4480,40973,98],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[36,40970,40972],{"href":40971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[36,40974,40976],{"href":40975},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[42,40978,17500],{"id":17499},[20,40980,40981,40983],{},[15,40982,2982],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40985,928,40986,40988],{},[540,40987,931],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40990,163],{},[47,40992,40994],{"className":49,"code":40993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40995,40996,41009,41023,41027,41037,41047,41061],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40997,40998,41000,41002,41004,41007],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40999,1466],{"class":62},[56,41001,67],{"class":66},[56,41003,191],{"class":180},[56,41005,41006],{"class":184},"6.5",[56,41008,1476],{"class":180},[56,41010,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019,41021],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41012,2315],{"class":62},[56,41014,67],{"class":66},[56,41016,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41018,115],{"class":70},[56,41020,1481],{"class":101},[56,41022,238],{"class":70},[56,41024,41025],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41026,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41028,41029,41031,41033,41035],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41030,112],{"class":111},[56,41032,115],{"class":70},[56,41034,1481],{"class":101},[56,41036,238],{"class":70},[56,41038,41039,41041,41043,41045],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,41040,112],{"class":111},[56,41042,115],{"class":70},[56,41044,2337],{"class":101},[56,41046,238],{"class":70},[56,41048,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057,41059],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,41050,112],{"class":111},[56,41052,115],{"class":70},[56,41054,1546],{"class":1545},[56,41056,115],{"class":70},[56,41058,1481],{"class":101},[56,41060,1553],{"class":70},[56,41062,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,41064,112],{"class":111},[56,41066,115],{"class":70},[56,41068,1546],{"class":1545},[56,41070,115],{"class":70},[56,41072,2337],{"class":101},[56,41074,1553],{"class":70},[20,41076,241],{},[47,41078,41080],{"className":49,"code":41079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41081,41082,41087,41091,41105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41083,41084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41085,41086],{"class":74},"6.5\n",[56,41088,41089],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41090,41086],{"class":74},[56,41092,41093,41095,41097,41099,41101,41103],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41094,1635],{"class":66},[56,41096,1639],{"class":1638},[56,41098,263],{"class":180},[56,41100,3538],{"class":184},[56,41102,254],{"class":180},[56,41104,1649],{"class":66},[56,41106,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115,41117],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41108,1635],{"class":66},[56,41110,1639],{"class":1638},[56,41112,263],{"class":180},[56,41114,2290],{"class":184},[56,41116,254],{"class":180},[56,41118,1649],{"class":66},[20,41120,41121],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[42,41123,41125],{"id":41124},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1030,41127,41129,41130,41132],{"id":41128},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41131,3056],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41134,2079,41135,41139,41140,98],{},[36,41136,41137,2400],{"href":8310},[15,41138,3056],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41141,2982],{},[47,41143,41145],{"className":49,"code":41144,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41146,41147,41166,41180,41184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159,41162,41164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41150,8328],{"class":62},[56,41152,67],{"class":66},[56,41154,8333],{"class":111},[56,41156,115],{"class":70},[56,41158,181],{"class":180},[56,41160,41161],{"class":184},"Enter a price: ",[56,41163,181],{"class":180},[56,41165,238],{"class":70},[56,41167,41168,41170,41172,41174,41176,41178],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41169,40467],{"class":62},[56,41171,67],{"class":66},[56,41173,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41175,115],{"class":70},[56,41177,8357],{"class":101},[56,41179,238],{"class":70},[56,41181,41182],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41183,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41185,41186,41188,41190,41192,41194,41196],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41187,112],{"class":111},[56,41189,115],{"class":70},[56,41191,40467],{"class":101},[56,41193,39952],{"class":66},[56,41195,81],{"class":74},[56,41197,238],{"class":70},[20,41199,41200,41201,41204],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41202,41203],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[47,41206,41208],{"className":49,"code":41207,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"9.0\n",[15,41209,41210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41211,41212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41213,41207],{"class":74},[20,41215,41216,41217,98],{},"For more help with this, see ",[36,41218,9068],{"href":9067},[1030,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[47,41224,41226],{"className":49,"code":41225,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41227,41228,41241,41254,41258,41283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41229,41230,41232,41234,41236,41239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41231,2652],{"class":62},[56,41233,67],{"class":66},[56,41235,191],{"class":180},[56,41237,41238],{"class":184},"2.5",[56,41240,1476],{"class":180},[56,41242,41243,41245,41247,41249,41252],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41244,2680],{"class":62},[56,41246,67],{"class":66},[56,41248,191],{"class":180},[56,41250,41251],{"class":184},"1.5",[56,41253,1476],{"class":180},[56,41255,41256],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41257,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41259,41260,41263,41265,41267,41269,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279,41281],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41261,41262],{"class":62},"total ",[56,41264,67],{"class":66},[56,41266,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41268,115],{"class":70},[56,41270,36],{"class":101},[56,41272,120],{"class":70},[56,41274,2551],{"class":66},[56,41276,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41278,115],{"class":70},[56,41280,194],{"class":101},[56,41282,238],{"class":70},[56,41284,41285,41287,41289,41292],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,41286,112],{"class":111},[56,41288,115],{"class":70},[56,41290,41291],{"class":101},"total",[56,41293,238],{"class":70},[20,41295,241],{},[47,41297,41299],{"className":49,"code":41298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.0\n",[15,41300,41301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41302,41303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41304,41298],{"class":74},[1030,41306,41308],{"id":41307},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41310,41311],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[47,41313,41315],{"className":49,"code":41314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41316,41317,41327,41342,41346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41318,41319,41322,41324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41320,41321],{"class":62},"count ",[56,41323,67],{"class":66},[56,41325,41326],{"class":74}," 7\n",[56,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41340],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41330,1156],{"class":62},[56,41332,67],{"class":66},[56,41334,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41336,115],{"class":70},[56,41338,41339],{"class":101},"count",[56,41341,238],{"class":70},[56,41343,41344],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41345,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41347,41348,41350,41352,41354],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41349,112],{"class":111},[56,41351,115],{"class":70},[56,41353,1190],{"class":101},[56,41355,238],{"class":70},[20,41357,241],{},[47,41359,41361],{"className":49,"code":41360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.0\n",[15,41362,41363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41364,41365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41366,41360],{"class":74},[1030,41368,41370],{"id":41369},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41372,41373,41374,41376],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41375,2982],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[47,41378,41380],{"className":49,"code":41379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41381,41382,41396,41412,41416],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41383,41384,41387,41389,41391,41394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41385,41386],{"class":62},"temperature_text ",[56,41388,67],{"class":66},[56,41390,191],{"class":180},[56,41392,41393],{"class":184},"21.8",[56,41395,1476],{"class":180},[56,41397,41398,41401,41403,41405,41407,41410],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41399,41400],{"class":62},"temperature ",[56,41402,67],{"class":66},[56,41404,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41406,115],{"class":70},[56,41408,41409],{"class":101},"temperature_text",[56,41411,238],{"class":70},[56,41413,41414],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41415,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41417,41418,41420,41422,41425],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41419,112],{"class":111},[56,41421,115],{"class":70},[56,41423,41424],{"class":101},"temperature",[56,41426,238],{"class":70},[42,41428,41430],{"id":41429},"special-values","Special values",[20,41432,41433,41435],{},[15,41434,2982],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1030,41437,41439],{"id":41438},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[47,41441,41443],{"className":49,"code":41442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41444,41445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41455,41457,41460,41462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41448,112],{"class":111},[56,41450,115],{"class":70},[56,41452,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41454,115],{"class":70},[56,41456,181],{"class":180},[56,41458,41459],{"class":184},"inf",[56,41461,181],{"class":180},[56,41463,1553],{"class":70},[20,41465,241],{},[47,41467,41469],{"className":49,"code":41468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"inf\n",[15,41470,41471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41472,41473],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41474,41468],{"class":62},[1030,41476,41478],{"id":41477},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[47,41480,41482],{"className":49,"code":41481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41483,41484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41499,41501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41487,112],{"class":111},[56,41489,115],{"class":70},[56,41491,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41493,115],{"class":70},[56,41495,181],{"class":180},[56,41497,41498],{"class":184},"-inf",[56,41500,181],{"class":180},[56,41502,1553],{"class":70},[20,41504,241],{},[47,41506,41508],{"className":49,"code":41507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-inf\n",[15,41509,41510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41511,41512,41514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41513,709],{"class":66},[56,41515,41468],{"class":62},[1030,41517,41519],{"id":41518},"not-a-number","Not a number",[47,41521,41523],{"className":49,"code":41522,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41524,41525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41526,41527,41529,41531,41533,41535,41537,41540,41542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41528,112],{"class":111},[56,41530,115],{"class":70},[56,41532,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41534,115],{"class":70},[56,41536,181],{"class":180},[56,41538,41539],{"class":184},"nan",[56,41541,181],{"class":180},[56,41543,1553],{"class":70},[20,41545,241],{},[47,41547,41549],{"className":49,"code":41548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nan\n",[15,41550,41551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41552,41553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41554,41548],{"class":62},[20,41556,41557],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[143,41559,41560,41565,41570],{},[146,41561,41562,41564],{},[15,41563,41459],{}," means positive infinity",[146,41566,41567,41569],{},[15,41568,41498],{}," means negative infinity",[146,41571,41572,41574],{},[15,41573,41539],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41576,41577,41578,41580],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41579,2982],{}," accepts them.",[42,41582,41584],{"id":41583},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41586,41587,41588,41590],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41589,2982],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1030,41592,40784],{"id":41593},"valueerror",[20,41595,15268,41596,41598],{},[15,41597,40784],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41600,41601],{},"Common causes:",[143,41603,41604,41610,41613,41616],{},[146,41605,41606,41607],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41608,41609],{},"\"abc\"",[146,41611,41612],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[146,41614,41615],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[146,41617,4792,41618],{},[36,41619,41620,41622],{"href":8310},[15,41621,3056],{}," returns a string",[20,41624,163],{},[47,41626,41628],{"className":49,"code":41627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41629,41630,41643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41631,41632,41634,41636,41638,41641],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41633,2544],{"class":62},[56,41635,67],{"class":66},[56,41637,191],{"class":180},[56,41639,41640],{"class":184},"abc",[56,41642,1476],{"class":180},[56,41644,41645,41647,41649,41651,41653,41655],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41646,112],{"class":111},[56,41648,115],{"class":70},[56,41650,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41652,115],{"class":70},[56,41654,2570],{"class":101},[56,41656,1553],{"class":70},[1030,41658,3103],{"id":41659},"typeerror",[20,41661,15268,41662,41664],{},[15,41663,3103],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41666,41601],{},[143,41668,41669,41672,41675],{},[146,41670,41671],{},"Passing a list",[146,41673,41674],{},"Passing a dictionary",[146,41676,41677],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41679,163],{},[47,41681,41683],{"className":49,"code":41682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41684,41685,41710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41686,41687,41689,41691,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703,41706,41708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41688,2544],{"class":62},[56,41690,67],{"class":66},[56,41692,10579],{"class":70},[56,41694,181],{"class":180},[56,41696,25231],{"class":184},[56,41698,181],{"class":180},[56,41700,141],{"class":70},[56,41702,191],{"class":180},[56,41704,41705],{"class":184},"9.99",[56,41707,181],{"class":180},[56,41709,9397],{"class":70},[56,41711,41712,41714,41716,41718,41720,41722],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41713,112],{"class":111},[56,41715,115],{"class":70},[56,41717,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41719,115],{"class":70},[56,41721,2570],{"class":101},[56,41723,1553],{"class":70},[1030,41725,41727],{"id":41726},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41729,41730,41731,41734],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41732,41733],{},"strip()"," can help:",[47,41736,41738],{"className":49,"code":41737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41739,41740,41753,41768,41772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41741,41742,41744,41746,41748,41751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41743,2544],{"class":62},[56,41745,67],{"class":66},[56,41747,191],{"class":180},[56,41749,41750],{"class":184},"  7.25  ",[56,41752,1476],{"class":180},[56,41754,41755,41758,41760,41762,41764,41766],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41756,41757],{"class":62},"clean_value ",[56,41759,67],{"class":66},[56,41761,8521],{"class":62},[56,41763,98],{"class":70},[56,41765,8722],{"class":101},[56,41767,105],{"class":70},[56,41769,41770],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41771,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41773,41774,41776,41778,41780,41782,41785],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41775,112],{"class":111},[56,41777,115],{"class":70},[56,41779,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41781,115],{"class":70},[56,41783,41784],{"class":101},"clean_value",[56,41786,1553],{"class":70},[20,41788,241],{},[47,41790,41792],{"className":49,"code":41791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.25\n",[15,41793,41794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41795,41796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41797,41791],{"class":74},[1030,41799,41801],{"id":41800},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41803,41804],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[47,41806,41808],{"className":49,"code":41807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41809,41810,41823,41827,41837,41851,41866,41870,41884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41811,41812,41814,41816,41818,41821],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41813,2544],{"class":62},[56,41815,67],{"class":66},[56,41817,191],{"class":180},[56,41819,41820],{"class":184}," 3.5 ",[56,41822,1476],{"class":180},[56,41824,41825],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41826,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41828,41829,41831,41833,41835],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41830,112],{"class":111},[56,41832,115],{"class":70},[56,41834,2570],{"class":101},[56,41836,238],{"class":70},[56,41838,41839,41841,41843,41845,41847,41849],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41840,112],{"class":111},[56,41842,115],{"class":70},[56,41844,1546],{"class":1545},[56,41846,115],{"class":70},[56,41848,2570],{"class":101},[56,41850,1553],{"class":70},[56,41852,41853,41855,41857,41860,41862,41864],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,41854,112],{"class":111},[56,41856,115],{"class":70},[56,41858,41859],{"class":111},"repr",[56,41861,115],{"class":70},[56,41863,2570],{"class":101},[56,41865,1553],{"class":70},[56,41867,41868],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,41869,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41871,41872,41874,41876,41878,41880,41882],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,41873,41757],{"class":62},[56,41875,67],{"class":66},[56,41877,8521],{"class":62},[56,41879,98],{"class":70},[56,41881,8722],{"class":101},[56,41883,105],{"class":70},[56,41885,41886,41888,41890,41892,41894,41896],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,41887,112],{"class":111},[56,41889,115],{"class":70},[56,41891,2290],{"class":1545},[56,41893,115],{"class":70},[56,41895,41784],{"class":101},[56,41897,1553],{"class":70},[20,41899,41900],{},"Why this helps:",[143,41902,41903,41909,41914,41920],{},[146,41904,41905,41908],{},[15,41906,41907],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[146,41910,41911,21448],{},[15,41912,41913],{},"print(type(value))",[146,41915,41916,41919],{},[15,41917,41918],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[146,41921,41922,41924],{},[15,41923,41733],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1030,41926,41928],{"id":41927},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41930,41931],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[47,41933,41935],{"className":49,"code":41934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41936,41937,41956,41960,41966,41981,42000,42009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945,41947,41949,41952,41954],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41940,2544],{"class":62},[56,41942,67],{"class":66},[56,41944,8333],{"class":111},[56,41946,115],{"class":70},[56,41948,181],{"class":180},[56,41950,41951],{"class":184},"Enter a number: ",[56,41953,181],{"class":180},[56,41955,238],{"class":70},[56,41957,41958],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,41959,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,41961,41962,41964],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,41963,29885],{"class":3965},[56,41965,6484],{"class":70},[56,41967,41968,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,41969,41970],{"class":62},"    number ",[56,41972,67],{"class":66},[56,41974,40335],{"class":1545},[56,41976,115],{"class":70},[56,41978,2570],{"class":101},[56,41980,238],{"class":70},[56,41982,41983,41985,41987,41989,41992,41994,41996,41998],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,41984,8160],{"class":111},[56,41986,115],{"class":70},[56,41988,181],{"class":180},[56,41990,41991],{"class":184},"Converted:",[56,41993,181],{"class":180},[56,41995,78],{"class":70},[56,41997,2295],{"class":101},[56,41999,238],{"class":70},[56,42001,42002,42004,42007],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,42003,29916],{"class":3965},[56,42005,42006],{"class":1545}," ValueError",[56,42008,6484],{"class":70},[56,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42020,42022],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,42012,8160],{"class":111},[56,42014,115],{"class":70},[56,42016,181],{"class":180},[56,42018,42019],{"class":184},"That is not a valid number.",[56,42021,181],{"class":180},[56,42023,238],{"class":70},[20,42025,42026,42027,98],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[36,42028,40976],{"href":40975},[42,42030,42032],{"id":42031},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42034,10678,42035,4480,42037,42039],{},[15,42036,2982],{},[15,42038,2975],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42041,42042,42044],{},[15,42043,2982],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[47,42046,42048],{"className":49,"code":42047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42049,42050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42051,42052,42054,42056,42058,42060,42062,42065,42067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42053,112],{"class":111},[56,42055,115],{"class":70},[56,42057,2290],{"class":1545},[56,42059,115],{"class":70},[56,42061,181],{"class":180},[56,42063,42064],{"class":184},"3.9",[56,42066,181],{"class":180},[56,42068,1553],{"class":70},[20,42070,241],{},[47,42072,42074],{"className":49,"code":42073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.9\n",[15,42075,42076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42077,42078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42079,42073],{"class":74},[20,42081,42082,42084],{},[15,42083,2975],{}," creates whole numbers:",[47,42086,42088],{"className":49,"code":42087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42089,42090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42091,42092,42094,42096,42098,42100,42102,42104,42106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42093,112],{"class":111},[56,42095,115],{"class":70},[56,42097,2286],{"class":1545},[56,42099,115],{"class":70},[56,42101,181],{"class":180},[56,42103,444],{"class":184},[56,42105,181],{"class":180},[56,42107,1553],{"class":70},[20,42109,241],{},[47,42111,42112],{"className":49,"code":2473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,42113,42114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42115,42116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42117,2473],{"class":74},[20,42119,42120,42121,42124],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42122,42123],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[47,42126,42128],{"className":49,"code":42127,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42129,42130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42131,42132,42134,42136,42138,42140,42142,42144,42146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42133,112],{"class":111},[56,42135,115],{"class":70},[56,42137,2286],{"class":1545},[56,42139,115],{"class":70},[56,42141,181],{"class":180},[56,42143,42064],{"class":184},[56,42145,181],{"class":180},[56,42147,1553],{"class":70},[20,42149,3100,42150,8689,42152,42155],{},[15,42151,40784],{},[15,42153,42154],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42157,10801],{},[143,42159,42160,42166],{},[146,42161,42162,42165],{},[15,42163,42164],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[146,42167,42168,42170],{},[15,42169,42123],{}," fails",[20,42172,42173,42174,42177,42178,42180],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[36,42175,42176],{"href":2972},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[36,42179,2517],{"href":2516}," helpful.",[42,42182,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,42184,42186],{"id":42185},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42188,42189,42190,2976,42192,98],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42191,2589],{},[15,42193,40223],{},[1030,42195,42197],{"id":42196},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42199,42200,42201,2976,42204,98],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42202,42203],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42205,42206],{},"\"10\"",[1030,42208,42210],{"id":42209},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42212,29142,42213,42215,42216,98],{},[15,42214,41609],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42217,40784],{},[1030,42219,42221],{"id":42220},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42223,5236,42224,98],{},[15,42225,3858],{},[1030,42227,42229],{"id":42228},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42231,42232,42233,938,42235,4480,42238,938,42240,98],{},"Yes. ",[15,42234,3698],{},[15,42236,42237],{},"1.0",[15,42239,3764],{},[15,42241,3858],{},[42,42243,1996],{"id":1995},[143,42245,42246,42250,42256,42261,42265,42269],{},[146,42247,42248],{},[36,42249,42176],{"href":2972},[146,42251,42252],{},[36,42253,42255],{"href":42254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[146,42257,42258],{},[36,42259,42260],{"href":40971},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[146,42262,42263],{},[36,42264,9145],{"href":9067},[146,42266,42267],{},[36,42268,40976],{"href":40975},[146,42270,42271],{},[36,42272,42273],{"href":8310},"Python input() Function Explained",[2028,42275,42276],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":42278},[42279,42280,42281,42282,42289,42294,42295,42302,42307,42314,42315,42322],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":40270,"depth":92,"text":40271},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":40495,"depth":92,"text":40496,"children":42283},[42284,42285,42286,42287,42288],{"id":40504,"depth":108,"text":40505},{"id":40568,"depth":108,"text":40569},{"id":40632,"depth":108,"text":40633},{"id":40674,"depth":108,"text":40675},{"id":40729,"depth":108,"text":40730},{"id":40768,"depth":92,"text":40769,"children":42290},[42291,42292,42293],{"id":40777,"depth":108,"text":40778},{"id":40863,"depth":108,"text":40864},{"id":40933,"depth":108,"text":40934},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":41124,"depth":92,"text":41125,"children":42296},[42297,42299,42300,42301],{"id":41128,"depth":108,"text":42298},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41221,"depth":108,"text":41222},{"id":41307,"depth":108,"text":41308},{"id":41369,"depth":108,"text":41370},{"id":41429,"depth":92,"text":41430,"children":42303},[42304,42305,42306],{"id":41438,"depth":108,"text":41439},{"id":41477,"depth":108,"text":41478},{"id":41518,"depth":108,"text":41519},{"id":41583,"depth":92,"text":41584,"children":42308},[42309,42310,42311,42312,42313],{"id":41593,"depth":108,"text":40784},{"id":41659,"depth":108,"text":3103},{"id":41726,"depth":108,"text":41727},{"id":41800,"depth":108,"text":41801},{"id":41927,"depth":108,"text":41928},{"id":42031,"depth":92,"text":42032},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":42316},[42317,42318,42319,42320,42321],{"id":42185,"depth":108,"text":42186},{"id":42196,"depth":108,"text":42197},{"id":42209,"depth":108,"text":42210},{"id":42220,"depth":108,"text":42221},{"id":42228,"depth":108,"text":42229},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40171,"description":42323},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42330,"title":42331,"body":42332,"description":43553,"extension":2062,"meta":43554,"navigation":600,"path":35104,"seo":43555,"stem":43556,"__hash__":43557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42333,"toc":43519},[42334,42337,42342,42345,42347,42386,42400,42404,42409,42412,42429,42432,42442,42457,42460,42462,42465,42481,42484,42487,42507,42511,42522,42525,42529,42533,42547,42582,42586,42597,42632,42635,42637,42645,42678,42694,42696,42706,42727,42738,42740,42745,42748,42762,42764,42783,42786,42799,42802,42806,42810,42824,42827,42845,42848,42863,42867,42872,42886,42892,42894,42951,42953,42986,42989,43005,43009,43016,43020,43025,43028,43039,43043,43048,43063,43072,43077,43096,43099,43111,43113,43118,43128,43131,43160,43165,43174,43178,43183,43186,43190,43195,43197,43227,43230,43237,43242,43247,43251,43254,43262,43265,43343,43346,43368,43370,43374,43377,43381,43387,43450,43454,43462,43466,43469,43471,43496,43516],[10,42335,42331],{"id":42336},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42338,3676,42339,42341],{},[15,42340,35107],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42343,42344],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[42,42346,2104],{"id":2103},[47,42348,42350],{"className":49,"code":42349,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42351,42352,42362,42372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42353,42354,42356,42358,42360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42355,32235],{"class":111},[56,42357,115],{"class":70},[56,42359,11250],{"class":111},[56,42361,238],{"class":70},[56,42363,42364,42366,42368,42370],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42365,32235],{"class":111},[56,42367,115],{"class":70},[56,42369,3538],{"class":1545},[56,42371,238],{"class":70},[56,42373,42374,42376,42378,42380,42382,42384],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,42375,32235],{"class":111},[56,42377,115],{"class":70},[56,42379,254],{"class":180},[56,42381,34740],{"class":184},[56,42383,254],{"class":180},[56,42385,238],{"class":70},[20,42387,650,42388,42390,42391,2976,42393,42395,42396,42399],{},[15,42389,35107],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42392,11250],{},[15,42394,3538],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42397,42398],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[42,42401,42403],{"id":42402},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42405,42406,42408],{},[15,42407,35107],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42410,42411],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[143,42413,42414,42417,42420,42423,42426],{},[146,42415,42416],{},"Functions",[146,42418,42419],{},"Classes",[146,42421,42422],{},"Methods",[146,42424,42425],{},"Modules",[146,42427,42428],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42430,42431],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42433,42434,42435,42441],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[36,42436,42438],{"href":42437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42439,42440],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[47,42443,42445],{"className":49,"code":42444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\n",[15,42446,42447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42448,42449,42451,42453,42455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42450,32235],{"class":111},[56,42452,115],{"class":70},[56,42454,11250],{"class":111},[56,42456,238],{"class":70},[20,42458,42459],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[42,42461,289],{"id":288},[20,42463,42464],{},"The main form is:",[47,42466,42468],{"className":49,"code":42467,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(object)\n",[15,42469,42470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42471,42472,42474,42476,42479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42473,32235],{"class":111},[56,42475,115],{"class":70},[56,42477,42478],{"class":1545},"object",[56,42480,238],{"class":70},[20,42482,42483],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42485,42486],{},"Common examples include:",[143,42488,42489,42493,42498,42502],{},[146,42490,42491],{},[15,42492,11250],{},[146,42494,42495],{},[15,42496,42497],{},"list.append",[146,42499,42500],{},[15,42501,3538],{},[146,42503,42504],{},[15,42505,42506],{},"open",[20,42508,7265,42509,7268],{},[15,42510,35107],{},[47,42512,42514],{"className":49,"code":42513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help()\n",[15,42515,42516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42517,42518,42520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42519,32235],{"class":111},[56,42521,105],{"class":70},[20,42523,42524],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[42,42526,42528],{"id":42527},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1030,42530,42532],{"id":42531},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42534,42535,42536,2287,42538,2287,42540,17153,42543,98],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42537,11250],{},[15,42539,112],{},[15,42541,42542],{},"input",[36,42544,42545],{"href":2396},[15,42546,2399],{},[47,42548,42550],{"className":49,"code":42549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42551,42552,42562,42572],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42553,42554,42556,42558,42560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42555,32235],{"class":111},[56,42557,115],{"class":70},[56,42559,112],{"class":111},[56,42561,238],{"class":70},[56,42563,42564,42566,42568,42570],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42565,32235],{"class":111},[56,42567,115],{"class":70},[56,42569,42542],{"class":111},[56,42571,238],{"class":70},[56,42573,42574,42576,42578,42580],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,42575,32235],{"class":111},[56,42577,115],{"class":70},[56,42579,1546],{"class":1545},[56,42581,238],{"class":70},[1030,42583,42585],{"id":42584},"data-types","Data types",[20,42587,42588,42589,2287,42591,2287,42593,17153,42595,98],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42590,3538],{},[15,42592,1644],{},[15,42594,8908],{},[15,42596,6377],{},[47,42598,42600],{"className":49,"code":42599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42601,42602,42612,42622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42603,42604,42606,42608,42610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42605,32235],{"class":111},[56,42607,115],{"class":70},[56,42609,3538],{"class":1545},[56,42611,238],{"class":70},[56,42613,42614,42616,42618,42620],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42615,32235],{"class":111},[56,42617,115],{"class":70},[56,42619,1644],{"class":1545},[56,42621,238],{"class":70},[56,42623,42624,42626,42628,42630],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,42625,32235],{"class":111},[56,42627,115],{"class":70},[56,42629,8908],{"class":1545},[56,42631,238],{"class":70},[20,42633,42634],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1030,42636,42422],{"id":34587},[20,42638,42639,42640,4480,42643,98],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42641,42642],{},"str.split",[15,42644,42497],{},[47,42646,42648],{"className":49,"code":42647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42649,42650,42664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42651,42652,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42653,32235],{"class":111},[56,42655,115],{"class":70},[56,42657,3538],{"class":1545},[56,42659,98],{"class":70},[56,42661,34550],{"class":24831},[56,42663,238],{"class":70},[56,42665,42666,42668,42670,42672,42674,42676],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42667,32235],{"class":111},[56,42669,115],{"class":70},[56,42671,1644],{"class":1545},[56,42673,98],{"class":70},[56,42675,13631],{"class":24831},[56,42677,238],{"class":70},[20,42679,42680,42681,1450,42683,28395,42688,42690,42691,42693],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42682,35107],{},[36,42684,42686],{"href":42685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42687,34392],{},[15,42689,34392],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42692,35107],{}," explains one of them.",[1030,42695,42425],{"id":34740},[20,42697,42698,42699,2287,42701,17153,42703,98],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42700,18497],{},[15,42702,35270],{},[15,42704,42705],{},"os",[47,42707,42709],{"className":49,"code":42708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42710,42711,42717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42712,42713,42715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42714,35171],{"class":3965},[56,42716,35174],{"class":62},[56,42718,42719,42721,42723,42725],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42720,32235],{"class":111},[56,42722,115],{"class":70},[56,42724,18497],{"class":101},[56,42726,238],{"class":70},[20,42728,42729,42730,42734,42735,98],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[36,42731,42733],{"href":42732},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[36,42736,35237],{"href":42737},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[42,42739,34998],{"id":34997},[20,42741,42742,42744],{},[15,42743,35107],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42746,42747],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[143,42749,42750,42753,42756,42759],{},[146,42751,42752],{},"The function signature",[146,42754,42755],{},"The short description",[146,42757,42758],{},"Parameter names",[146,42760,42761],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42763,5562],{},[47,42765,42767],{"className":49,"code":42766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42768,42769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42770,42771,42773,42775,42777,42779,42781],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42772,32235],{"class":111},[56,42774,115],{"class":70},[56,42776,3538],{"class":1545},[56,42778,98],{"class":70},[56,42780,34550],{"class":24831},[56,42782,238],{"class":70},[20,42784,42785],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[143,42787,42788,42791,42794,42796],{},[146,42789,42790],{},"What object this is",[146,42792,42793],{},"What arguments it accepts",[146,42795,22051],{},[146,42797,42798],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42800,42801],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[42,42803,42805],{"id":42804},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42807,42808,29955],{},[15,42809,35107],{},[143,42811,42812,42815,42818,42821],{},[146,42813,42814],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[146,42816,42817],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[146,42819,42820],{},"You are exploring a new module",[146,42822,42823],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42825,42826],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[47,42828,42829],{"className":49,"code":42766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,42830,42831],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42832,42833,42835,42837,42839,42841,42843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42834,32235],{"class":111},[56,42836,115],{"class":70},[56,42838,3538],{"class":1545},[56,42840,98],{"class":70},[56,42842,34550],{"class":24831},[56,42844,238],{"class":70},[20,42846,42847],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[47,42849,42851],{"className":49,"code":42850,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(open)\n",[15,42852,42853],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42854,42855,42857,42859,42861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42856,32235],{"class":111},[56,42858,115],{"class":70},[56,42860,42506],{"class":111},[56,42862,238],{"class":70},[42,42864,42866],{"id":42865},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42868,42869,42871],{},[15,42870,35107],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[143,42873,42874,42877,42880,42883],{},[146,42875,42876],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[146,42878,42879],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[146,42881,42882],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[146,42884,42885],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42887,42888,42889,42891],{},"So, ",[15,42890,35107],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42893,5562],{},[47,42895,42897],{"className":49,"code":42896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42898,42899,42912,42936,42940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42900,42901,42903,42905,42907,42910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42902,1466],{"class":62},[56,42904,67],{"class":66},[56,42906,191],{"class":180},[56,42908,42909],{"class":184},"a,b,c",[56,42911,1476],{"class":180},[56,42913,42914,42917,42919,42922,42924,42926,42928,42930,42932,42934],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,42915,42916],{"class":62},"parts ",[56,42918,67],{"class":66},[56,42920,42921],{"class":62}," text",[56,42923,98],{"class":70},[56,42925,34550],{"class":101},[56,42927,115],{"class":70},[56,42929,181],{"class":180},[56,42931,78],{"class":184},[56,42933,181],{"class":180},[56,42935,238],{"class":70},[56,42937,42938],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,42939,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,42941,42942,42944,42946,42949],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,42943,112],{"class":111},[56,42945,115],{"class":70},[56,42947,42948],{"class":101},"parts",[56,42950,238],{"class":70},[20,42952,5649],{},[47,42954,42956],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42957,42958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42959,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978,42980,42982,42984],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42961,251],{"class":70},[56,42963,254],{"class":180},[56,42965,36],{"class":184},[56,42967,254],{"class":180},[56,42969,78],{"class":70},[56,42971,263],{"class":180},[56,42973,194],{"class":184},[56,42975,254],{"class":180},[56,42977,78],{"class":70},[56,42979,263],{"class":180},[56,42981,203],{"class":184},[56,42983,254],{"class":180},[56,42985,89],{"class":70},[20,42987,42988],{},"A good workflow is:",[28794,42990,42991,42996,42999,43002],{},[146,42992,650,42993,42995],{},[15,42994,35107],{}," to inspect something",[146,42997,42998],{},"Write a tiny example",[146,43000,43001],{},"Check the result",[146,43003,43004],{},"Repeat",[42,43006,43008],{"id":43007},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43010,43011,4480,43013,43015],{},[15,43012,35107],{},[15,43014,34392],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1030,43017,43018],{"id":32235},[15,43019,35107],{},[20,43021,650,43022,43024],{},[15,43023,35107],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43026,43027],{},"It tells you:",[143,43029,43030,43033,43036],{},[146,43031,43032],{},"What something is",[146,43034,43035],{},"How to use it",[146,43037,43038],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1030,43040,43041],{"id":34453},[15,43042,34392],{},[20,43044,650,43045,43047],{},[15,43046,34392],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[47,43049,43051],{"className":49,"code":43050,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dir(str)\n",[15,43052,43053],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43054,43055,43057,43059,43061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43056,34453],{"class":111},[56,43058,115],{"class":70},[56,43060,3538],{"class":1545},[56,43062,238],{"class":70},[20,43064,43065,43066,2287,43068,17153,43070,98],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43067,34550],{},[15,43069,8722],{},[15,43071,8728],{},[20,43073,43074,43075,141],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43076,35107],{},[47,43078,43080],{"className":49,"code":43079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43081,43082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43083,43084,43086,43088,43090,43092,43094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43085,32235],{"class":111},[56,43087,115],{"class":70},[56,43089,3538],{"class":1545},[56,43091,98],{"class":70},[56,43093,8728],{"class":24831},[56,43095,238],{"class":70},[20,43097,43098],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[143,43100,43101,43106],{},[146,43102,650,43103,43105],{},[15,43104,34392],{}," to discover options",[146,43107,650,43108,43110],{},[15,43109,35107],{}," to understand one option",[42,43112,1418],{"id":1417},[20,43114,43115,43116,98],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43117,35107],{},[1030,43119,1441,43121,43124,43125],{"id":43120},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43122,43123],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43126,43127],{},"help(len)",[20,43129,43130],{},"These are not always the same.",[47,43132,43134],{"className":49,"code":43133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43135,43136,43146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43137,43138,43140,43142,43144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43139,32235],{"class":111},[56,43141,115],{"class":70},[56,43143,11250],{"class":111},[56,43145,238],{"class":70},[56,43147,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156,43158],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43149,32235],{"class":111},[56,43151,115],{"class":70},[56,43153,254],{"class":180},[56,43155,11250],{"class":184},[56,43157,254],{"class":180},[56,43159,238],{"class":70},[20,43161,43162,43164],{},[15,43163,43127],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43166,43167,43169,43170,43173],{},[15,43168,43123],{}," treats ",[15,43171,43172],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1030,43175,43177],{"id":43176},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43179,43180,43182],{},[15,43181,35107],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43184,43185],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1030,43187,43189],{"id":43188},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43191,40423,43192,43194],{},[15,43193,35107],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43196,163],{},[47,43198,43200],{"className":49,"code":43199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43201,43202,43212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43203,43204,43206,43208,43210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43205,32235],{"class":111},[56,43207,115],{"class":70},[56,43209,11250],{"class":111},[56,43211,238],{"class":70},[56,43213,43214,43216,43218,43220,43223,43225],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43215,112],{"class":111},[56,43217,115],{"class":70},[56,43219,181],{"class":180},[56,43221,43222],{"class":184},"Done",[56,43224,181],{"class":180},[56,43226,238],{"class":70},[20,43228,43229],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1030,43231,1447,43233,1450,43235],{"id":43232},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43234,35107],{},[15,43236,34392],{},[20,43238,43239,43240,98],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43241,34392],{},[20,43243,43244,43245,98],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43246,35107],{},[42,43248,43250],{"id":43249},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43252,43253],{},"Open Python:",[47,43255,43256],{"className":49,"code":35623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,43257,43258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43259,43260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43261,35623],{"class":62},[20,43263,43264],{},"Then test these commands:",[47,43266,43268],{"className":49,"code":43267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43269,43270,43280,43294,43308,43318,43333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43271,43272,43274,43276,43278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43273,32235],{"class":111},[56,43275,115],{"class":70},[56,43277,11250],{"class":111},[56,43279,238],{"class":70},[56,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288,43290,43292],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43283,32235],{"class":111},[56,43285,115],{"class":70},[56,43287,3538],{"class":1545},[56,43289,98],{"class":70},[56,43291,34550],{"class":24831},[56,43293,238],{"class":70},[56,43295,43296,43298,43300,43302,43304,43306],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,43297,32235],{"class":111},[56,43299,115],{"class":70},[56,43301,1644],{"class":1545},[56,43303,98],{"class":70},[56,43305,13631],{"class":24831},[56,43307,238],{"class":70},[56,43309,43310,43312,43314,43316],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,43311,32235],{"class":111},[56,43313,115],{"class":70},[56,43315,42506],{"class":111},[56,43317,238],{"class":70},[56,43319,43320,43322,43324,43326,43329,43331],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,43321,32235],{"class":111},[56,43323,115],{"class":70},[56,43325,254],{"class":180},[56,43327,43328],{"class":184},"keywords",[56,43330,254],{"class":180},[56,43332,238],{"class":70},[56,43334,43335,43337,43339,43341],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,43336,34453],{"class":111},[56,43338,115],{"class":70},[56,43340,3538],{"class":1545},[56,43342,238],{"class":70},[20,43344,43345],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[143,43347,43348,43351,43354,43357,43360,43363],{},[146,43349,43350],{},"A built-in function",[146,43352,43353],{},"A string method",[146,43355,43356],{},"A list method",[146,43358,43359],{},"A built-in file function",[146,43361,43362],{},"A special help topic",[146,43364,15268,43365,43367],{},[15,43366,34392],{}," example for comparison",[42,43369,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,43371,43373],{"id":43372},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43375,43376],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1030,43378,43380],{"id":43379},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43382,43383,43384,43386],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43385,35107],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[47,43388,43390],{"className":49,"code":43389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43391,43392,43404,43417,43436,43440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43393,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43395,34931],{"class":1638},[56,43397,34935],{"class":34934},[56,43399,115],{"class":70},[56,43401,7759],{"class":37741},[56,43403,8431],{"class":70},[56,43405,43406,43410,43414],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43407,43409],{"class":43408},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[56,43411,43413],{"class":43412},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[56,43415,43416],{"class":43408},"\"\"\"\n",[56,43418,43419,43421,43424,43427,43429,43431,43433],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,43420,34942],{"class":3965},[56,43422,43423],{"class":1638}," f",[56,43425,43426],{"class":184},"\"Hello, ",[56,43428,9366],{"class":74},[56,43430,7759],{"class":62},[56,43432,22384],{"class":74},[56,43434,43435],{"class":184},"!\"\n",[56,43437,43438],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,43439,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,43441,43442,43444,43446,43448],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,43443,32235],{"class":111},[56,43445,115],{"class":70},[56,43447,34977],{"class":101},[56,43449,238],{"class":70},[1030,43451,43453],{"id":43452},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43455,43456,43458,43459,43461],{},[15,43457,43127],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43460,43123],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1030,43463,43465],{"id":43464},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43467,43468],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[42,43470,1996],{"id":1995},[143,43472,43473,43478,43482,43487,43492],{},[146,43474,43475],{},[36,43476,43477],{"href":42685},"Python dir() function explained",[146,43479,43480],{},[36,43481,8530],{"href":2396},[146,43483,43484],{},[36,43485,43486],{"href":42437},"Python len() function explained",[146,43488,43489],{},[36,43490,43491],{"href":42732},"How import works in Python",[146,43493,43494],{},[36,43495,35237],{"href":42737},[20,43497,43498,43499,43501,43502,2287,43504,17153,43506,43508,43509,2976,43512,43515],{},"Try ",[15,43500,35107],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43503,11250],{},[15,43505,112],{},[15,43507,42542],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43510,43511],{},"dir(str)",[15,43513,43514],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2028,43517,43518],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":43520},[43521,43522,43523,43524,43530,43531,43532,43533,43537,43545,43546,43552],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":42402,"depth":92,"text":42403},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":42527,"depth":92,"text":42528,"children":43525},[43526,43527,43528,43529],{"id":42531,"depth":108,"text":42532},{"id":42584,"depth":108,"text":42585},{"id":34587,"depth":108,"text":42422},{"id":34740,"depth":108,"text":42425},{"id":34997,"depth":92,"text":34998},{"id":42804,"depth":92,"text":42805},{"id":42865,"depth":92,"text":42866},{"id":43007,"depth":92,"text":43008,"children":43534},[43535,43536],{"id":32235,"depth":108,"text":35107},{"id":34453,"depth":108,"text":34392},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":43538},[43539,43541,43542,43543],{"id":43120,"depth":108,"text":43540},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43176,"depth":108,"text":43177},{"id":43188,"depth":108,"text":43189},{"id":43232,"depth":108,"text":43544},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43249,"depth":92,"text":43250},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":43547},[43548,43549,43550,43551],{"id":43372,"depth":108,"text":43373},{"id":43379,"depth":108,"text":43380},{"id":43452,"depth":108,"text":43453},{"id":43464,"depth":108,"text":43465},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42331,"description":43553},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43559,"title":43560,"body":43561,"description":44923,"extension":2062,"meta":44924,"navigation":600,"path":44925,"seo":44926,"stem":44927,"__hash__":44928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43562,"toc":44896},[43563,43569,43574,43580,43590,43649,43659,43670,43675,43681,43683,43701,43709,43711,43713,43728,43731,43742,43744,43835,43838,43842,43847,43868,43870,43981,43983,44010,44021,44025,44028,44111,44113,44121,44127,44133,44137,44140,44250,44252,44265,44268,44282,44290,44297,44302,44316,44322,44435,44437,44498,44501,44507,44513,44516,44538,44541,44611,44614,44646,44653,44655,44658,44676,44679,44691,44697,44699,44704,44730,44733,44805,44807,44813,44816,44822,44825,44831,44841,44847,44850,44857,44860,44862,44893],[10,43564,2009,43566,3673],{"id":43565},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43567,43568],{},"id()",[20,43570,32400,43571,43573],{},[15,43572,43568],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43575,43576,43577,43579],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43578,43568],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43581,650,43582,43584,43585,43587,43588,98],{},[15,43583,43568],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[540,43586,931],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43589,4776],{},[47,43591,43593],{"className":49,"code":43592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43594,43595,43607,43621,43625,43635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43596,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43598,7967],{"class":62},[56,43600,67],{"class":66},[56,43602,191],{"class":180},[56,43604,7387],{"class":184},[56,43606,1476],{"class":180},[56,43608,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43610,112],{"class":111},[56,43612,115],{"class":70},[56,43614,12731],{"class":111},[56,43616,115],{"class":70},[56,43618,7759],{"class":101},[56,43620,1553],{"class":70},[56,43622,43623],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,43624,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,43626,43627,43630,43632],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,43628,43629],{"class":62},"other ",[56,43631,67],{"class":66},[56,43633,43634],{"class":62}," name\n",[56,43636,43637,43639,43641,43643,43645,43647],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,43638,112],{"class":111},[56,43640,115],{"class":70},[56,43642,12731],{"class":111},[56,43644,115],{"class":70},[56,43646,30825],{"class":101},[56,43648,1553],{"class":70},[20,43650,43651,43652,43655,43656,43658],{},"In this example, ",[15,43653,43654],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43657,43568],{}," values match.",[43660,43661,43662],"blockquote",{},[20,43663,650,43664,43666,43667,43669],{},[15,43665,43568],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43668,4776],{}," for value comparison.",[42,43671,133,43673,136],{"id":43672},"what-id-does",[15,43674,43568],{},[20,43676,43677,43680],{},[15,43678,43679],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43682,311],{},[143,43684,43685,43688,43695,43698],{},[146,43686,43687],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[146,43689,43690,43691,43694],{},"It shows ",[540,43692,43693],{},"object identity",", not object value",[146,43696,43697],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[146,43699,43700],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43702,43703,43704,43708],{},"This is closely related to how ",[36,43705,43707],{"href":43706},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[42,43710,289],{"id":288},[20,43712,5524],{},[47,43714,43716],{"className":49,"code":43715,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"id(object)\n",[15,43717,43718],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43719,43720,43722,43724,43726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43721,12731],{"class":111},[56,43723,115],{"class":70},[56,43725,42478],{"class":1545},[56,43727,238],{"class":70},[20,43729,43730],{},"Important details:",[143,43732,43733,43736,43739],{},[146,43734,43735],{},"It takes one argument",[146,43737,43738],{},"It returns an integer",[146,43740,43741],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43743,163],{},[47,43745,43747],{"className":49,"code":43746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43748,43749,43761,43769,43789,43793,43807,43821],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43750,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43752,1466],{"class":62},[56,43754,67],{"class":66},[56,43756,191],{"class":180},[56,43758,1473],{"class":184},[56,43760,1476],{"class":180},[56,43762,43763,43765,43767],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43764,2315],{"class":62},[56,43766,67],{"class":66},[56,43768,2867],{"class":74},[56,43770,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,43772,7871],{"class":62},[56,43774,67],{"class":66},[56,43776,71],{"class":70},[56,43778,75],{"class":74},[56,43780,78],{"class":70},[56,43782,81],{"class":74},[56,43784,78],{"class":70},[56,43786,86],{"class":74},[56,43788,89],{"class":70},[56,43790,43791],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,43792,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,43794,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,43796,112],{"class":111},[56,43798,115],{"class":70},[56,43800,12731],{"class":111},[56,43802,115],{"class":70},[56,43804,1481],{"class":101},[56,43806,1553],{"class":70},[56,43808,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,43810,112],{"class":111},[56,43812,115],{"class":70},[56,43814,12731],{"class":111},[56,43816,115],{"class":70},[56,43818,2337],{"class":101},[56,43820,1553],{"class":70},[56,43822,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,43824,112],{"class":111},[56,43826,115],{"class":70},[56,43828,12731],{"class":111},[56,43830,115],{"class":70},[56,43832,7900],{"class":101},[56,43834,1553],{"class":70},[20,43836,43837],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[42,43839,43841],{"id":43840},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43843,43844,43845,98],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43846,43568],{},[143,43848,43849,43856,43863],{},[146,43850,43851,43853,43854],{},[15,43852,4776],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[540,43855,2570],{},[146,43857,43858,43860,43861],{},[15,43859,12277],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[540,43862,42478],{},[146,43864,43865,43867],{},[15,43866,43568],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43869,163],{},[47,43871,43873],{"className":49,"code":43872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43874,43875,43895,43915,43919,43936,43953,43967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43876,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43878,2652],{"class":62},[56,43880,67],{"class":66},[56,43882,71],{"class":70},[56,43884,75],{"class":74},[56,43886,78],{"class":70},[56,43888,81],{"class":74},[56,43890,78],{"class":70},[56,43892,86],{"class":74},[56,43894,89],{"class":70},[56,43896,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,43898,2680],{"class":62},[56,43900,67],{"class":66},[56,43902,71],{"class":70},[56,43904,75],{"class":74},[56,43906,78],{"class":70},[56,43908,81],{"class":74},[56,43910,78],{"class":70},[56,43912,86],{"class":74},[56,43914,89],{"class":70},[56,43916,43917],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,43918,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,43920,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931,43933],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,43922,112],{"class":111},[56,43924,115],{"class":70},[56,43926,2652],{"class":101},[56,43928,4776],{"class":66},[56,43930,2657],{"class":101},[56,43932,120],{"class":70},[56,43934,43935],{"class":123},"   # True\n",[56,43937,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,43939,112],{"class":111},[56,43941,115],{"class":70},[56,43943,2652],{"class":101},[56,43945,12277],{"class":3965},[56,43947,2657],{"class":101},[56,43949,120],{"class":70},[56,43951,43952],{"class":123},"   # False\n",[56,43954,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,43956,112],{"class":111},[56,43958,115],{"class":70},[56,43960,12731],{"class":111},[56,43962,115],{"class":70},[56,43964,36],{"class":101},[56,43966,1553],{"class":70},[56,43968,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,43970,112],{"class":111},[56,43972,115],{"class":70},[56,43974,12731],{"class":111},[56,43976,115],{"class":70},[56,43978,194],{"class":101},[56,43980,1553],{"class":70},[20,43982,2276],{},[143,43984,43985,43993,44001],{},[146,43986,43987,4871,43990,43992],{},[15,43988,43989],{},"a == b",[15,43991,3698],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[146,43994,43995,4871,43998,44000],{},[15,43996,43997],{},"a is b",[15,43999,3764],{}," because they are different list objects",[146,44002,44003,4480,44006,44009],{},[15,44004,44005],{},"id(a)",[15,44007,44008],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44011,44012,44013,4480,44017,98],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[36,44014,44016],{"href":44015},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[36,44018,44020],{"href":44019},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[42,44022,44024],{"id":44023},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44026,44027],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[47,44029,44031],{"className":49,"code":44030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44032,44033,44053,44063,44067,44081,44096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44034,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44036,63],{"class":62},[56,44038,67],{"class":66},[56,44040,71],{"class":70},[56,44042,444],{"class":74},[56,44044,78],{"class":70},[56,44046,449],{"class":74},[56,44048,78],{"class":70},[56,44050,454],{"class":74},[56,44052,89],{"class":70},[56,44054,44055,44058,44060],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44056,44057],{"class":62},"other_numbers ",[56,44059,67],{"class":66},[56,44061,44062],{"class":62}," numbers\n",[56,44064,44065],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,44066,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,44068,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077,44079],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,44070,112],{"class":111},[56,44072,115],{"class":70},[56,44074,12731],{"class":111},[56,44076,115],{"class":70},[56,44078,95],{"class":101},[56,44080,1553],{"class":70},[56,44082,44083,44085,44087,44089,44091,44094],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,44084,112],{"class":111},[56,44086,115],{"class":70},[56,44088,12731],{"class":111},[56,44090,115],{"class":70},[56,44092,44093],{"class":101},"other_numbers",[56,44095,1553],{"class":70},[56,44097,44098,44100,44102,44104,44106,44109],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,44099,112],{"class":111},[56,44101,115],{"class":70},[56,44103,63],{"class":101},[56,44105,12277],{"class":3965},[56,44107,44108],{"class":101}," other_numbers",[56,44110,238],{"class":70},[20,44112,5649],{},[47,44114,44115],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,44116,44117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44118,44119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44120,4068],{"class":893},[20,44122,44123,44124,44126],{},"The two ",[15,44125,43568],{}," values will also match.",[20,44128,22270,44129,44132],{},[15,44130,44131],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[42,44134,44136],{"id":44135},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44138,44139],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[47,44141,44143],{"className":49,"code":44142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44144,44145,44166,44187,44191,44206,44220,44235],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44146,44147,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44148,44149],{"class":62},"list_a ",[56,44151,67],{"class":66},[56,44153,71],{"class":70},[56,44155,75],{"class":74},[56,44157,78],{"class":70},[56,44159,81],{"class":74},[56,44161,78],{"class":70},[56,44163,86],{"class":74},[56,44165,89],{"class":70},[56,44167,44168,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44169,44170],{"class":62},"list_b ",[56,44172,67],{"class":66},[56,44174,71],{"class":70},[56,44176,75],{"class":74},[56,44178,78],{"class":70},[56,44180,81],{"class":74},[56,44182,78],{"class":70},[56,44184,86],{"class":74},[56,44186,89],{"class":70},[56,44188,44189],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,44190,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,44192,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201,44204],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,44194,112],{"class":111},[56,44196,115],{"class":70},[56,44198,44149],{"class":101},[56,44200,4776],{"class":66},[56,44202,44203],{"class":101}," list_b",[56,44205,238],{"class":70},[56,44207,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,44209,112],{"class":111},[56,44211,115],{"class":70},[56,44213,44149],{"class":101},[56,44215,12277],{"class":3965},[56,44217,44203],{"class":101},[56,44219,238],{"class":70},[56,44221,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44233],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,44223,112],{"class":111},[56,44225,115],{"class":70},[56,44227,12731],{"class":111},[56,44229,115],{"class":70},[56,44231,44232],{"class":101},"list_a",[56,44234,1553],{"class":70},[56,44236,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44248],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,44238,112],{"class":111},[56,44240,115],{"class":70},[56,44242,12731],{"class":111},[56,44244,115],{"class":70},[56,44246,44247],{"class":101},"list_b",[56,44249,1553],{"class":70},[20,44251,5649],{},[47,44253,44255],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44256,44257,44261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44258,44259],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44260,4068],{"class":893},[56,44262,44263],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44264,4129],{"class":893},[20,44266,44267],{},"What this means:",[143,44269,44270,44273,44276],{},[146,44271,44272],{},"The lists are equal in value",[146,44274,44275],{},"They are not the same object",[146,44277,44278,44279,44281],{},"Their ",[15,44280,43568],{}," values are usually different",[20,44283,44284,44285,44287,44288,98],{},"This is why ",[15,44286,43568],{}," should not replace ",[15,44289,4776],{},[42,44291,44293,44294,44296],{"id":44292},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44295,43568],{}," is useful",[20,44298,44299,44301],{},[15,44300,43568],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[143,44303,44304,44307,44310,44313],{},[146,44305,44306],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[146,44308,44309],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[146,44311,44312],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[146,44314,44315],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44317,44318,44319,44321],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44320,43568],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[47,44323,44325],{"className":49,"code":44324,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44326,44327,44351,44360,44364,44383,44387,44397,44407,44421],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44328,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44330,12169],{"class":62},[56,44332,67],{"class":66},[56,44334,71],{"class":70},[56,44336,181],{"class":180},[56,44338,36],{"class":184},[56,44340,181],{"class":180},[56,44342,78],{"class":70},[56,44344,191],{"class":180},[56,44346,194],{"class":184},[56,44348,181],{"class":180},[56,44350,89],{"class":70},[56,44352,44353,44356,44358],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44354,44355],{"class":62},"copy_ref ",[56,44357,67],{"class":66},[56,44359,12207],{"class":62},[56,44361,44362],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,44363,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,44365,44366,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,44367,44368],{"class":62},"copy_ref",[56,44370,98],{"class":70},[56,44372,13631],{"class":101},[56,44374,115],{"class":70},[56,44376,181],{"class":180},[56,44378,203],{"class":184},[56,44380,181],{"class":180},[56,44382,238],{"class":70},[56,44384,44385],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,44386,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,44388,44389,44391,44393,44395],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,44390,112],{"class":111},[56,44392,115],{"class":70},[56,44394,12216],{"class":101},[56,44396,238],{"class":70},[56,44398,44399,44401,44403,44405],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,44400,112],{"class":111},[56,44402,115],{"class":70},[56,44404,44368],{"class":101},[56,44406,238],{"class":70},[56,44408,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,44410,112],{"class":111},[56,44412,115],{"class":70},[56,44414,12731],{"class":111},[56,44416,115],{"class":70},[56,44418,12216],{"class":101},[56,44420,1553],{"class":70},[56,44422,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,44424,112],{"class":111},[56,44426,115],{"class":70},[56,44428,12731],{"class":111},[56,44430,115],{"class":70},[56,44432,44368],{"class":101},[56,44434,1553],{"class":70},[20,44436,5649],{},[47,44438,44440],{"className":49,"code":44439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44441,44442,44470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44443,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44445,251],{"class":70},[56,44447,254],{"class":180},[56,44449,36],{"class":184},[56,44451,254],{"class":180},[56,44453,78],{"class":70},[56,44455,263],{"class":180},[56,44457,194],{"class":184},[56,44459,254],{"class":180},[56,44461,78],{"class":70},[56,44463,263],{"class":180},[56,44465,203],{"class":184},[56,44467,254],{"class":180},[56,44469,89],{"class":70},[56,44471,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44473,251],{"class":70},[56,44475,254],{"class":180},[56,44477,36],{"class":184},[56,44479,254],{"class":180},[56,44481,78],{"class":70},[56,44483,263],{"class":180},[56,44485,194],{"class":184},[56,44487,254],{"class":180},[56,44489,78],{"class":70},[56,44491,263],{"class":180},[56,44493,203],{"class":184},[56,44495,254],{"class":180},[56,44497,89],{"class":70},[20,44499,44500],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[42,44502,44504,44505],{"id":44503},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44506,43568],{},[20,44508,44509,44510,44512],{},"Do not use ",[15,44511,43568],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44514,44515],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[143,44517,44518,44524,44530,44533],{},[146,44519,44520,44521,44523],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44522,4776],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[146,44525,44526,44527,44529],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44528,43568],{}," values across program runs",[146,44531,44532],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[146,44534,44535,44536],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44537,43568],{},[20,44539,44540],{},"Bad example:",[47,44542,44544],{"className":49,"code":44543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44545,44546,44558,44570,44574,44596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44547,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44549,2652],{"class":62},[56,44551,67],{"class":66},[56,44553,191],{"class":180},[56,44555,37126],{"class":184},[56,44557,1476],{"class":180},[56,44559,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44561,2680],{"class":62},[56,44563,67],{"class":66},[56,44565,191],{"class":180},[56,44567,37126],{"class":184},[56,44569,1476],{"class":180},[56,44571,44572],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,44573,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,44575,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,44577,7087],{"class":3965},[56,44579,14895],{"class":111},[56,44581,115],{"class":70},[56,44583,36],{"class":101},[56,44585,120],{"class":70},[56,44587,6499],{"class":66},[56,44589,14895],{"class":111},[56,44591,115],{"class":70},[56,44593,194],{"class":101},[56,44595,8431],{"class":70},[56,44597,44598,44600,44602,44604,44607,44609],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,44599,8160],{"class":111},[56,44601,115],{"class":70},[56,44603,181],{"class":180},[56,44605,44606],{"class":184},"The values are equal",[56,44608,181],{"class":180},[56,44610,238],{"class":70},[20,44612,44613],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[47,44615,44617],{"className":49,"code":44616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44618,44619,44632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44620,44621,44623,44626,44628,44630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44622,7087],{"class":3965},[56,44624,44625],{"class":62}," a ",[56,44627,4776],{"class":66},[56,44629,2657],{"class":62},[56,44631,6484],{"class":70},[56,44633,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44635,8160],{"class":111},[56,44637,115],{"class":70},[56,44639,181],{"class":180},[56,44641,44606],{"class":184},[56,44643,181],{"class":180},[56,44645,238],{"class":70},[20,44647,650,44648,2976,44650,44652],{},[15,44649,12277],{},[15,44651,43568],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[42,44654,20881],{"id":20880},[20,44656,44657],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[143,44659,44660,44663,44666,44671],{},[146,44661,44662],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[146,44664,44665],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[146,44667,44668,44669],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44670,43568],{},[146,44672,44673,44674],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44675,43568],{},[20,44677,44678],{},"The important rule is:",[143,44680,44681,44686],{},[146,44682,650,44683,44685],{},[15,44684,4776],{}," to check value",[146,44687,650,44688,44690],{},[15,44689,12277],{}," to check identity",[20,44692,44693,44694,44696],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44695,43568],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[42,44698,1418],{"id":1417},[20,44700,44701,44702,141],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44703,43568],{},[143,44705,44706,44714,44717,44720,44725],{},[146,44707,1441,44708,44710,44711,44713],{},[15,44709,43568],{}," when ",[15,44712,4776],{}," should be used",[146,44715,44716],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[146,44718,44719],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[146,44721,44722,44723],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44724,43568],{},[146,44726,1441,44727,44729],{},[15,44728,43568],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44731,44732],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[47,44734,44736],{"className":49,"code":44735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44737,44738,44753,44767,44781,44795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44739,44740,44742,44744,44746,44748,44751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44741,112],{"class":111},[56,44743,115],{"class":70},[56,44745,12731],{"class":111},[56,44747,115],{"class":70},[56,44749,44750],{"class":101},"my_object",[56,44752,1553],{"class":70},[56,44754,44755,44757,44759,44761,44763,44765],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44756,112],{"class":111},[56,44758,115],{"class":70},[56,44760,2652],{"class":101},[56,44762,4776],{"class":66},[56,44764,2657],{"class":101},[56,44766,238],{"class":70},[56,44768,44769,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,44770,112],{"class":111},[56,44772,115],{"class":70},[56,44774,2652],{"class":101},[56,44776,12277],{"class":3965},[56,44778,2657],{"class":101},[56,44780,238],{"class":70},[56,44782,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,44784,112],{"class":111},[56,44786,115],{"class":70},[56,44788,1546],{"class":1545},[56,44790,115],{"class":70},[56,44792,44750],{"class":101},[56,44794,1553],{"class":70},[56,44796,44797,44799,44801,44803],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,44798,32235],{"class":111},[56,44800,115],{"class":70},[56,44802,12731],{"class":111},[56,44804,238],{"class":70},[42,44806,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,44808,44810,44811,12797],{"id":44809},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44812,43568],{},[20,44814,44815],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1030,44817,14982,44819,44821],{"id":44818},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44820,43568],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44823,44824],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1030,44826,21501,44828,44830],{"id":44827},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44829,43568],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44832,30352,44833,44835,44836,2976,44838,44840],{},[15,44834,4776],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44837,43568],{},[15,44839,12277],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1030,44842,44844,44845,1911],{"id":44843},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44846,43568],{},[20,44848,44849],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1030,44851,44853,44854,44856],{"id":44852},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44855,43568],{}," values?",[20,44858,44859],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[42,44861,1996],{"id":1995},[143,44863,44864,44869,44874,44879,44887],{},[146,44865,44866],{},[36,44867,44868],{"href":43706},"Python variables explained for beginners",[146,44870,44871],{},[36,44872,44873],{"href":44015},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[146,44875,44876],{},[36,44877,44878],{"href":44019},"Python data types overview",[146,44880,44881],{},[36,44882,2009,44884,2012],{"href":44883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44885,44886],{},"isinstance()",[146,44888,44889],{},[36,44890,44892],{"href":44891},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2028,44894,44895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":44897},[44898,44900,44901,44902,44903,44904,44906,44908,44909,44910,44922],{"id":43672,"depth":92,"text":44899},"What id() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":43840,"depth":92,"text":43841},{"id":44023,"depth":92,"text":44024},{"id":44135,"depth":92,"text":44136},{"id":44292,"depth":92,"text":44905},"When id() is useful",{"id":44503,"depth":92,"text":44907},"When not to use id()",{"id":20880,"depth":92,"text":20881},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":44911},[44912,44914,44916,44918,44920],{"id":44809,"depth":108,"text":44913},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44818,"depth":108,"text":44915},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44827,"depth":108,"text":44917},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44843,"depth":108,"text":44919},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44852,"depth":108,"text":44921},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43560,"description":44923},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44930,"title":42273,"body":44931,"description":46570,"extension":2062,"meta":46571,"navigation":600,"path":46572,"seo":46573,"stem":46574,"__hash__":46575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44932,"toc":46536},[44933,44938,44943,44946,44948,44991,44996,44999,45004,45009,45012,45028,45030,45074,45076,45103,45105,45120,45122,45124,45126,45142,45144,45156,45159,45193,45196,45221,45226,45228,45233,45237,45240,45242,45290,45292,45325,45331,45342,45344,45396,45398,45429,45431,45435,45439,45482,45488,45494,45546,45554,45559,45563,45654,45656,45689,45692,45694,45754,45756,45782,45792,45794,45798,45803,45808,45810,45847,45849,45868,45871,45875,45878,45934,45946,45955,45957,45984,45992,45999,46003,46006,46043,46046,46052,46089,46091,46095,46101,46119,46124,46172,46176,46265,46268,46275,46277,46279,46284,46302,46304,46347,46353,46370,46372,46434,46436,46438,46444,46451,46457,46463,46472,46482,46486,46494,46496,46498,46533],[10,44934,2009,44936,3673],{"id":44935},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44937,3056],{},[20,44939,2079,44940,44942],{},[15,44941,3056],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44944,44945],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[42,44947,2104],{"id":2103},[47,44949,44951],{"className":49,"code":44950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44952,44953,44972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44954,44955,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965,44968,44970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44956,7967],{"class":62},[56,44958,67],{"class":66},[56,44960,8333],{"class":111},[56,44962,115],{"class":70},[56,44964,181],{"class":180},[56,44966,44967],{"class":184},"Enter your name: ",[56,44969,181],{"class":180},[56,44971,238],{"class":70},[56,44973,44974,44976,44978,44980,44983,44985,44987,44989],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,44975,112],{"class":111},[56,44977,115],{"class":70},[56,44979,181],{"class":180},[56,44981,44982],{"class":184},"Hello, ",[56,44984,181],{"class":180},[56,44986,2551],{"class":66},[56,44988,36073],{"class":101},[56,44990,238],{"class":70},[20,44992,650,44993,44995],{},[15,44994,3056],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44997,44998],"hr",{},[42,45000,133,45002,136],{"id":45001},"what-input-does",[15,45003,3056],{},[20,45005,45006,45008],{},[15,45007,3056],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45010,45011],{},"Here is what happens:",[143,45013,45014,45019,45022,45025],{},[146,45015,45016,45018],{},[15,45017,3056],{}," waits for the user to type",[146,45020,45021],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[146,45023,45024],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[146,45026,45027],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45029,163],{},[47,45031,45033],{"className":49,"code":45032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45034,45035,45055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45036,45037,45040,45042,45044,45046,45048,45051,45053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45038,45039],{"class":62},"color ",[56,45041,67],{"class":66},[56,45043,8333],{"class":111},[56,45045,115],{"class":70},[56,45047,181],{"class":180},[56,45049,45050],{"class":184},"What is your favorite color? ",[56,45052,181],{"class":180},[56,45054,238],{"class":70},[56,45056,45057,45059,45061,45063,45066,45068,45070,45072],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45058,112],{"class":111},[56,45060,115],{"class":70},[56,45062,181],{"class":180},[56,45064,45065],{"class":184},"Your favorite color is",[56,45067,181],{"class":180},[56,45069,78],{"class":70},[56,45071,35932],{"class":101},[56,45073,238],{"class":70},[20,45075,30111],{},[47,45077,45079],{"className":49,"code":45078,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45080,45081,45094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45082,45083,45085,45087,45090,45092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45084,133],{"class":62},[56,45086,12277],{"class":66},[56,45088,45089],{"class":62}," your favorite color",[56,45091,1911],{"class":37445},[56,45093,35962],{"class":62},[56,45095,45096,45099,45101],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45097,45098],{"class":62},"Your favorite color ",[56,45100,12277],{"class":66},[56,45102,35962],{"class":62},[20,45104,20037],{},[143,45106,45107,45112,45117],{},[146,45108,45109,45110],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45111,45050],{},[146,45113,45114,45115],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45116,32974],{},[146,45118,45119],{},"That value is then printed",[44997,45121],{},[42,45123,289],{"id":288},[20,45125,7308],{},[47,45127,45129],{"className":49,"code":45128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45130,45131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45132,45133,45135,45137,45140],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45134,42542],{"class":111},[56,45136,115],{"class":70},[56,45138,45139],{"class":101},"prompt",[56,45141,238],{"class":70},[20,45143,11546],{},[143,45145,45146,45150,45153],{},[146,45147,2079,45148,20119],{},[15,45149,45139],{},[146,45151,45152],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[146,45154,45155],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45157,45158],{},"Example with a prompt:",[47,45160,45162],{"className":49,"code":45161,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45163,45164,45183],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45165,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174,45176,45179,45181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45167,8052],{"class":62},[56,45169,67],{"class":66},[56,45171,8333],{"class":111},[56,45173,115],{"class":70},[56,45175,181],{"class":180},[56,45177,45178],{"class":184},"Enter your username: ",[56,45180,181],{"class":180},[56,45182,238],{"class":70},[56,45184,45185,45187,45189,45191],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45186,112],{"class":111},[56,45188,115],{"class":70},[56,45190,8076],{"class":101},[56,45192,238],{"class":70},[20,45194,45195],{},"Example without a prompt:",[47,45197,45199],{"className":49,"code":45198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45200,45201,45211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45202,45203,45205,45207,45209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45204,2544],{"class":62},[56,45206,67],{"class":66},[56,45208,8333],{"class":111},[56,45210,105],{"class":70},[56,45212,45213,45215,45217,45219],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45214,112],{"class":111},[56,45216,115],{"class":70},[56,45218,2570],{"class":101},[56,45220,238],{"class":70},[20,45222,7854,45223,45225],{},[15,45224,3056],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44997,45227],{},[42,45229,133,45231,11791],{"id":45230},"what-input-returns",[15,45232,3056],{},[20,45234,45235,8316],{},[15,45236,3056],{},[20,45238,45239],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45241,163],{},[47,45243,45245],{"className":49,"code":45244,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45246,45247,45266,45276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45248,45249,45251,45253,45255,45257,45259,45262,45264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45250,21709],{"class":62},[56,45252,67],{"class":66},[56,45254,8333],{"class":111},[56,45256,115],{"class":70},[56,45258,181],{"class":180},[56,45260,45261],{"class":184},"Enter your age: ",[56,45263,181],{"class":180},[56,45265,238],{"class":70},[56,45267,45268,45270,45272,45274],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45269,112],{"class":111},[56,45271,115],{"class":70},[56,45273,9387],{"class":101},[56,45275,238],{"class":70},[56,45277,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45279,112],{"class":111},[56,45281,115],{"class":70},[56,45283,1546],{"class":1545},[56,45285,115],{"class":70},[56,45287,9387],{"class":101},[56,45289,1553],{"class":70},[20,45291,30111],{},[47,45293,45295],{"className":49,"code":45294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45296,45297,45307,45311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45298,45299,45302,45304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45300,45301],{"class":62},"Enter your age",[56,45303,141],{"class":70},[56,45305,45306],{"class":74}," 25\n",[56,45308,45309],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45310,2807],{"class":74},[56,45312,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45314,1635],{"class":66},[56,45316,1639],{"class":1638},[56,45318,263],{"class":180},[56,45320,3538],{"class":184},[56,45322,254],{"class":180},[56,45324,1649],{"class":66},[20,45326,45327,45328,45330],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45329,9281],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45332,45333,45334,2976,45338,98],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[36,45335,45336],{"href":2972},[15,45337,2975],{},[36,45339,45340],{"href":2979},[15,45341,2982],{},[20,45343,163],{},[47,45345,45347],{"className":49,"code":45346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45348,45349,45372,45382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45350,45351,45353,45355,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45352,21709],{"class":62},[56,45354,67],{"class":66},[56,45356,45357],{"class":1545}," int",[56,45359,115],{"class":70},[56,45361,42542],{"class":111},[56,45363,115],{"class":70},[56,45365,181],{"class":180},[56,45367,45261],{"class":184},[56,45369,181],{"class":180},[56,45371,1553],{"class":70},[56,45373,45374,45376,45378,45380],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45375,112],{"class":111},[56,45377,115],{"class":70},[56,45379,9387],{"class":101},[56,45381,238],{"class":70},[56,45383,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45385,112],{"class":111},[56,45387,115],{"class":70},[56,45389,1546],{"class":1545},[56,45391,115],{"class":70},[56,45393,9387],{"class":101},[56,45395,1553],{"class":70},[20,45397,30111],{},[47,45399,45401],{"className":49,"code":45400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45402,45403,45411,45415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45404,45405,45407,45409],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45406,45301],{"class":62},[56,45408,141],{"class":70},[56,45410,45306],{"class":74},[56,45412,45413],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45414,2807],{"class":74},[56,45416,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425,45427],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45418,1635],{"class":66},[56,45420,1639],{"class":1638},[56,45422,263],{"class":180},[56,45424,2286],{"class":184},[56,45426,254],{"class":180},[56,45428,1649],{"class":66},[44997,45430],{},[42,45432,45434],{"id":45433},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1030,45436,45438],{"id":45437},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[47,45440,45442],{"className":49,"code":45441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45443,45444,45463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45445,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45459,45461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45447,7967],{"class":62},[56,45449,67],{"class":66},[56,45451,8333],{"class":111},[56,45453,115],{"class":70},[56,45455,181],{"class":180},[56,45457,45458],{"class":184},"What is your name? ",[56,45460,181],{"class":180},[56,45462,238],{"class":70},[56,45464,45465,45467,45469,45471,45474,45476,45478,45480],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45466,112],{"class":111},[56,45468,115],{"class":70},[56,45470,181],{"class":180},[56,45472,45473],{"class":184},"Hello,",[56,45475,181],{"class":180},[56,45477,78],{"class":70},[56,45479,36073],{"class":101},[56,45481,238],{"class":70},[20,45483,45484,45485,45487],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45486,7759],{}," and prints it.",[1030,45489,45491,45492],{"id":45490},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45493,2975],{},[47,45495,45497],{"className":49,"code":45496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45498,45499,45522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45518,45520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45502,21709],{"class":62},[56,45504,67],{"class":66},[56,45506,45357],{"class":1545},[56,45508,115],{"class":70},[56,45510,42542],{"class":111},[56,45512,115],{"class":70},[56,45514,181],{"class":180},[56,45516,45517],{"class":184},"How old are you? ",[56,45519,181],{"class":180},[56,45521,1553],{"class":70},[56,45523,45524,45526,45528,45530,45533,45535,45537,45540,45542,45544],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45525,112],{"class":111},[56,45527,115],{"class":70},[56,45529,181],{"class":180},[56,45531,45532],{"class":184},"Next year you will be",[56,45534,181],{"class":180},[56,45536,78],{"class":70},[56,45538,45539],{"class":101}," age ",[56,45541,2159],{"class":66},[56,45543,910],{"class":74},[56,45545,238],{"class":70},[20,45547,6150,45548,45550,45551,45553],{},[15,45549,2975],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45552,3056],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45555,45556,45557,98],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[36,45558,9068],{"href":9067},[1030,45560,45562],{"id":45561},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[47,45564,45566],{"className":49,"code":45565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45567,45568,45592,45616,45630,45634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45569,45570,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45588,45590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45571,45572],{"class":62},"num1 ",[56,45574,67],{"class":66},[56,45576,45357],{"class":1545},[56,45578,115],{"class":70},[56,45580,42542],{"class":111},[56,45582,115],{"class":70},[56,45584,181],{"class":180},[56,45586,45587],{"class":184},"Enter the first number: ",[56,45589,181],{"class":180},[56,45591,1553],{"class":70},[56,45593,45594,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45612,45614],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45595,45596],{"class":62},"num2 ",[56,45598,67],{"class":66},[56,45600,45357],{"class":1545},[56,45602,115],{"class":70},[56,45604,42542],{"class":111},[56,45606,115],{"class":70},[56,45608,181],{"class":180},[56,45610,45611],{"class":184},"Enter the second number: ",[56,45613,181],{"class":180},[56,45615,1553],{"class":70},[56,45617,45618,45620,45622,45625,45627],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45619,41262],{"class":62},[56,45621,67],{"class":66},[56,45623,45624],{"class":62}," num1 ",[56,45626,2159],{"class":66},[56,45628,45629],{"class":62}," num2\n",[56,45631,45632],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,45633,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,45635,45636,45638,45640,45642,45645,45647,45649,45652],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,45637,112],{"class":111},[56,45639,115],{"class":70},[56,45641,181],{"class":180},[56,45643,45644],{"class":184},"Total:",[56,45646,181],{"class":180},[56,45648,78],{"class":70},[56,45650,45651],{"class":101}," total",[56,45653,238],{"class":70},[20,45655,30111],{},[47,45657,45659],{"className":49,"code":45658,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45660,45661,45671,45680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45662,45663,45666,45668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45664,45665],{"class":62},"Enter the first number",[56,45667,141],{"class":70},[56,45669,45670],{"class":74}," 2\n",[56,45672,45673,45676,45678],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45674,45675],{"class":62},"Enter the second number",[56,45677,141],{"class":70},[56,45679,2675],{"class":74},[56,45681,45682,45685,45687],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45683,45684],{"class":62},"Total",[56,45686,141],{"class":70},[56,45688,34922],{"class":74},[20,45690,45691],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45693,163],{},[47,45695,45697],{"className":49,"code":45696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45698,45699,45717,45735,45739],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45700,45701,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45702,45572],{"class":62},[56,45704,67],{"class":66},[56,45706,8333],{"class":111},[56,45708,115],{"class":70},[56,45710,181],{"class":180},[56,45712,45587],{"class":184},[56,45714,181],{"class":180},[56,45716,238],{"class":70},[56,45718,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727,45729,45731,45733],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45720,45596],{"class":62},[56,45722,67],{"class":66},[56,45724,8333],{"class":111},[56,45726,115],{"class":70},[56,45728,181],{"class":180},[56,45730,45611],{"class":184},[56,45732,181],{"class":180},[56,45734,238],{"class":70},[56,45736,45737],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45738,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,45740,45741,45743,45745,45747,45749,45752],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,45742,112],{"class":111},[56,45744,115],{"class":70},[56,45746,45572],{"class":101},[56,45748,2159],{"class":66},[56,45750,45751],{"class":101}," num2",[56,45753,238],{"class":70},[20,45755,30111],{},[47,45757,45759],{"className":49,"code":45758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45760,45761,45769,45777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45762,45763,45765,45767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45764,45665],{"class":62},[56,45766,141],{"class":70},[56,45768,45670],{"class":74},[56,45770,45771,45773,45775],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45772,45675],{"class":62},[56,45774,141],{"class":70},[56,45776,2675],{"class":74},[56,45778,45779],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45780,45781],{"class":74},"23\n",[20,45783,45784,45785,45788,45789,98],{},"That happens because ",[15,45786,45787],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45790,45791],{},"\"23\"",[44997,45793],{},[42,45795,45797],{"id":45796},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45799,45800,45801,98],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45802,3056],{},[1030,45804,4792,45806,41622],{"id":45805},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45807,3056],{},[20,45809,39278],{},[47,45811,45813],{"className":49,"code":45812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45814,45815,45833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45816,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45818,2544],{"class":62},[56,45820,67],{"class":66},[56,45822,8333],{"class":111},[56,45824,115],{"class":70},[56,45826,181],{"class":180},[56,45828,41951],{"class":184},[56,45830,181],{"class":180},[56,45832,238],{"class":70},[56,45834,45835,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45836,112],{"class":111},[56,45838,115],{"class":70},[56,45840,1546],{"class":1545},[56,45842,115],{"class":70},[56,45844,2570],{"class":101},[56,45846,1553],{"class":70},[20,45848,241],{},[47,45850,45852],{"className":49,"code":45851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45853,45854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45857,1635],{"class":66},[56,45859,1639],{"class":1638},[56,45861,263],{"class":180},[56,45863,3538],{"class":184},[56,45865,254],{"class":180},[56,45867,1649],{"class":66},[20,45869,45870],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1030,45872,45874],{"id":45873},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45876,45877],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[47,45879,45881],{"className":49,"code":45880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45882,45883,45901,45920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45884,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897,45899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45886,2652],{"class":62},[56,45888,67],{"class":66},[56,45890,8333],{"class":111},[56,45892,115],{"class":70},[56,45894,181],{"class":180},[56,45896,41951],{"class":184},[56,45898,181],{"class":180},[56,45900,238],{"class":70},[56,45902,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913,45916,45918],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,45904,2680],{"class":62},[56,45906,67],{"class":66},[56,45908,8333],{"class":111},[56,45910,115],{"class":70},[56,45912,181],{"class":180},[56,45914,45915],{"class":184},"Enter another number: ",[56,45917,181],{"class":180},[56,45919,238],{"class":70},[56,45921,45922,45924,45926,45928,45930,45932],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,45923,112],{"class":111},[56,45925,115],{"class":70},[56,45927,2652],{"class":101},[56,45929,2159],{"class":66},[56,45931,2657],{"class":101},[56,45933,238],{"class":70},[20,45935,41200,45936,4480,45938,45940,45941,19043,45944,98],{},[15,45937,2602],{},[15,45939,2235],{},", the result is ",[15,45942,45943],{},"45",[15,45945,2243],{},[1030,45947,45949,45950,45952,45953],{"id":45948},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45951,40784],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45954,2975],{},[20,45956,163],{},[47,45958,45960],{"className":49,"code":45959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45961,45962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45963,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45965,21709],{"class":62},[56,45967,67],{"class":66},[56,45969,45357],{"class":1545},[56,45971,115],{"class":70},[56,45973,42542],{"class":111},[56,45975,115],{"class":70},[56,45977,181],{"class":180},[56,45979,45261],{"class":184},[56,45981,181],{"class":180},[56,45983,1553],{"class":70},[20,45985,8362,45986,45989,45990,98],{},[15,45987,45988],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45991,40784],{},[20,45993,45994,45995,98],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[36,45996,45998],{"href":45997},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1030,46000,46002],{"id":46001},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46004,46005],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[47,46007,46009],{"className":49,"code":46008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46010,46011,46029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46012,46013,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46014,7967],{"class":62},[56,46016,67],{"class":66},[56,46018,8333],{"class":111},[56,46020,115],{"class":70},[56,46022,181],{"class":180},[56,46024,44967],{"class":184},[56,46026,181],{"class":180},[56,46028,238],{"class":70},[56,46030,46031,46033,46035,46037,46039,46041],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46032,112],{"class":111},[56,46034,115],{"class":70},[56,46036,41859],{"class":111},[56,46038,115],{"class":70},[56,46040,7759],{"class":101},[56,46042,1553],{"class":70},[20,46044,46045],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46047,46048,46049,141],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46050,46051],{},".strip()",[47,46053,46055],{"className":49,"code":46054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46056,46057,46079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46058,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46060,7967],{"class":62},[56,46062,67],{"class":66},[56,46064,8333],{"class":111},[56,46066,115],{"class":70},[56,46068,181],{"class":180},[56,46070,44967],{"class":184},[56,46072,181],{"class":180},[56,46074,8719],{"class":70},[56,46076,8722],{"class":101},[56,46078,105],{"class":70},[56,46080,46081,46083,46085,46087],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46082,112],{"class":111},[56,46084,115],{"class":70},[56,46086,7759],{"class":101},[56,46088,238],{"class":70},[44997,46090],{},[42,46092,46094],{"id":46093},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46096,46097,46098,46100],{},"These habits make ",[15,46099,3056],{}," easier and safer to use.",[143,46102,46103,46106,46111,46114],{},[146,46104,46105],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[146,46107,650,46108,46110],{},[15,46109,46051],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[146,46112,46113],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[146,46115,650,46116,46118],{},[15,46117,29863],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46120,46121,46122,141],{},"Example with ",[15,46123,46051],{},[47,46125,46127],{"className":49,"code":46126,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46128,46129,46153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46130,46131,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142,46145,46147,46149,46151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46132,46133],{"class":62},"city ",[56,46135,67],{"class":66},[56,46137,8333],{"class":111},[56,46139,115],{"class":70},[56,46141,181],{"class":180},[56,46143,46144],{"class":184},"Enter your city: ",[56,46146,181],{"class":180},[56,46148,8719],{"class":70},[56,46150,8722],{"class":101},[56,46152,105],{"class":70},[56,46154,46155,46157,46159,46161,46164,46166,46168,46170],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46156,112],{"class":111},[56,46158,115],{"class":70},[56,46160,181],{"class":180},[56,46162,46163],{"class":184},"City:",[56,46165,181],{"class":180},[56,46167,78],{"class":70},[56,46169,31467],{"class":101},[56,46171,238],{"class":70},[20,46173,46121,46174,141],{},[15,46175,29863],{},[47,46177,46179],{"className":49,"code":46178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46180,46181,46187,46210,46242,46250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46182,46183,46185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46184,29885],{"class":3965},[56,46186,6484],{"class":70},[56,46188,46189,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200,46202,46204,46206,46208],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46190,46191],{"class":62},"    age ",[56,46193,67],{"class":66},[56,46195,45357],{"class":1545},[56,46197,115],{"class":70},[56,46199,42542],{"class":111},[56,46201,115],{"class":70},[56,46203,181],{"class":180},[56,46205,45261],{"class":184},[56,46207,181],{"class":180},[56,46209,1553],{"class":70},[56,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46231,46233,46235,46238,46240],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46213,8160],{"class":111},[56,46215,115],{"class":70},[56,46217,181],{"class":180},[56,46219,46220],{"class":184},"You will be",[56,46222,181],{"class":180},[56,46224,78],{"class":70},[56,46226,45539],{"class":101},[56,46228,2159],{"class":66},[56,46230,910],{"class":74},[56,46232,78],{"class":70},[56,46234,191],{"class":180},[56,46236,46237],{"class":184},"next year",[56,46239,181],{"class":180},[56,46241,238],{"class":70},[56,46243,46244,46246,46248],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,46245,29916],{"class":3965},[56,46247,42006],{"class":1545},[56,46249,6484],{"class":70},[56,46251,46252,46254,46256,46258,46261,46263],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,46253,8160],{"class":111},[56,46255,115],{"class":70},[56,46257,181],{"class":180},[56,46259,46260],{"class":184},"Please enter a whole number.",[56,46262,181],{"class":180},[56,46264,238],{"class":70},[20,46266,46267],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46269,46270,46271,98],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[36,46272,46274],{"href":46273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44997,46276],{},[42,46278,1418],{"id":1417},[20,46280,46281,46282,141],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46283,3056],{},[143,46285,46286,46293,46296,46299],{},[146,46287,46288,46289,2976,46291],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46290,2975],{},[15,46292,2982],{},[146,46294,46295],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[146,46297,46298],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[146,46300,46301],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46303,32165],{},[47,46305,46307],{"className":49,"code":46306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46308,46309,46319,46333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46310,46311,46313,46315,46317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46312,112],{"class":111},[56,46314,115],{"class":70},[56,46316,2570],{"class":101},[56,46318,238],{"class":70},[56,46320,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46322,112],{"class":111},[56,46324,115],{"class":70},[56,46326,1546],{"class":1545},[56,46328,115],{"class":70},[56,46330,2570],{"class":101},[56,46332,1553],{"class":70},[56,46334,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46336,112],{"class":111},[56,46338,115],{"class":70},[56,46340,41859],{"class":111},[56,46342,115],{"class":70},[56,46344,2570],{"class":101},[56,46346,1553],{"class":70},[20,46348,46349,46350,46352],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46351,3056],{}," actually returned:",[143,46354,46355,46360,46365],{},[146,46356,46357,46359],{},[15,46358,41907],{}," shows the value",[146,46361,46362,46364],{},[15,46363,41913],{}," shows the data type",[146,46366,46367,46369],{},[15,46368,41918],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46371,163],{},[47,46373,46375],{"className":49,"code":46374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46376,46377,46396,46406,46420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46378,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389,46392,46394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46380,2544],{"class":62},[56,46382,67],{"class":66},[56,46384,8333],{"class":111},[56,46386,115],{"class":70},[56,46388,181],{"class":180},[56,46390,46391],{"class":184},"Enter something: ",[56,46393,181],{"class":180},[56,46395,238],{"class":70},[56,46397,46398,46400,46402,46404],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46399,112],{"class":111},[56,46401,115],{"class":70},[56,46403,2570],{"class":101},[56,46405,238],{"class":70},[56,46407,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46409,112],{"class":111},[56,46411,115],{"class":70},[56,46413,1546],{"class":1545},[56,46415,115],{"class":70},[56,46417,2570],{"class":101},[56,46419,1553],{"class":70},[56,46421,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430,46432],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,46423,112],{"class":111},[56,46425,115],{"class":70},[56,46427,41859],{"class":111},[56,46429,115],{"class":70},[56,46431,2570],{"class":101},[56,46433,1553],{"class":70},[44997,46435],{},[42,46437,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,46439,1892,46441,46443],{"id":46440},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46442,3056],{}," return an integer?",[20,46445,1931,46446,46448,46449,40009],{},[15,46447,3056],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46450,2975],{},[1030,46452,46454,46455,1911],{"id":46453},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46456,3056],{},[20,46458,46459,46460,46462],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46461,3056],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1030,46464,5246,46466,46469,46470,1911],{"id":46465},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46467,46468],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46471,3056],{},[20,46473,29142,46474,46476,46477,938,46479,46481],{},[15,46475,3056],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46478,45787],{},[15,46480,45791],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1030,46483,46485],{"id":46484},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46487,650,46488,46490,46491,98],{},[15,46489,46051],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46492,46493],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44997,46495],{},[42,46497,1996],{"id":1995},[143,46499,46500,46505,46509,46515,46521,46525],{},[146,46501,46502],{},[36,46503,46504],{"href":46273},"How to get user input in Python",[146,46506,46507],{},[36,46508,9145],{"href":9067},[146,46510,46511],{},[36,46512,2009,46513,2012],{"href":2972},[15,46514,2975],{},[146,46516,46517],{},[36,46518,2009,46519,2012],{"href":2979},[15,46520,2982],{},[146,46522,46523],{},[36,46524,45998],{"href":45997},[146,46526,46527],{},[36,46528,2009,46530,2012],{"href":46529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46531,46532],{},"print()",[2028,46534,46535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":46537},[46538,46539,46541,46542,46544,46550,46558,46559,46560,46569],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":45001,"depth":92,"text":46540},"What input() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":45230,"depth":92,"text":46543},"What input() returns",{"id":45433,"depth":92,"text":45434,"children":46545},[46546,46547,46549],{"id":45437,"depth":108,"text":45438},{"id":45490,"depth":108,"text":46548},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45561,"depth":108,"text":45562},{"id":45796,"depth":92,"text":45797,"children":46551},[46552,46554,46555,46557],{"id":45805,"depth":108,"text":46553},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45873,"depth":108,"text":45874},{"id":45948,"depth":108,"text":46556},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46001,"depth":108,"text":46002},{"id":46093,"depth":92,"text":46094},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":46561},[46562,46564,46566,46568],{"id":46440,"depth":108,"text":46563},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46453,"depth":108,"text":46565},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46465,"depth":108,"text":46567},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46484,"depth":108,"text":46485},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42273,"description":46570},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46577,"title":42176,"body":46578,"description":48891,"extension":2062,"meta":48892,"navigation":600,"path":48893,"seo":48894,"stem":48895,"__hash__":48896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46579,"toc":48843},[46580,46585,46590,46595,46616,46619,46621,46681,46683,46702,46707,46712,46717,46719,46732,46734,46817,46819,46860,46866,46868,46898,46904,46907,46924,46926,46978,46980,46998,47004,47010,47013,47031,47033,47106,47108,47127,47134,47140,47145,47148,47208,47210,47229,47232,47235,47250,47256,47260,47321,47323,47344,47348,47477,47479,47609,47619,47625,47631,47639,47705,47707,47732,47735,47752,47765,47771,47774,47807,47809,47822,47825,47868,47870,47878,47885,47889,47896,47900,47927,47929,47937,47943,47960,47965,47969,47996,47998,48006,48010,48015,48018,48044,48047,48056,48064,48068,48078,48082,48085,48087,48138,48140,48170,48180,48207,48209,48217,48227,48231,48234,48236,48284,48286,48330,48336,48387,48389,48408,48413,48418,48421,48440,48443,48495,48497,48506,48508,48512,48516,48519,48528,48535,48537,48564,48568,48570,48579,48582,48589,48595,48655,48659,48661,48669,48672,48698,48704,48707,48727,48729,48738,48746,48748,48754,48759,48766,48776,48782,48790,48794,48797,48799,48840],[10,46581,2009,46583,3673],{"id":46582},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46584,2975],{},[20,46586,32400,46587,46589],{},[15,46588,2975],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46591,35486,46592,46594],{},[15,46593,2975],{}," when they want to:",[143,46596,46597,46607,46610,46613],{},[146,46598,46599,46600,46603,46604],{},"turn text like ",[15,46601,46602],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46605,46606],{},"42",[146,46608,46609],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[146,46611,46612],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[146,46614,46615],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46617,46618],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[42,46620,2104],{"id":2103},[47,46622,46624],{"className":49,"code":46623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46625,46626,46644,46658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46627,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46629,112],{"class":111},[56,46631,115],{"class":70},[56,46633,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46635,115],{"class":70},[56,46637,181],{"class":180},[56,46639,46606],{"class":184},[56,46641,181],{"class":180},[56,46643,1553],{"class":70},[56,46645,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46647,112],{"class":111},[56,46649,115],{"class":70},[56,46651,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46653,115],{"class":70},[56,46655,42064],{"class":74},[56,46657,1553],{"class":70},[56,46659,46660,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670,46673,46675,46677,46679],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46661,112],{"class":111},[56,46663,115],{"class":70},[56,46665,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46667,115],{"class":70},[56,46669,181],{"class":180},[56,46671,46672],{"class":184},"101",[56,46674,181],{"class":180},[56,46676,78],{"class":70},[56,46678,81],{"class":74},[56,46680,1553],{"class":70},[20,46682,241],{},[47,46684,46686],{"className":49,"code":46685,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46687,46688,46693,46698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46689,46690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46691,46692],{"class":74},"42\n",[56,46694,46695],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46696,46697],{"class":74},"3\n",[56,46699,46700],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46701,3045],{"class":74},[20,46703,650,46704,46706],{},[15,46705,2975],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[42,46708,133,46710,136],{"id":46709},"what-int-does",[15,46711,2975],{},[20,46713,46714,46716],{},[15,46715,2975],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46718,311],{},[143,46720,46721,46726,46729],{},[146,46722,46723,46724,7430],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46725,2286],{},[146,46727,46728],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[146,46730,46731],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46733,163],{},[47,46735,46737],{"className":49,"code":46736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46738,46739,46751,46765,46769,46779,46789,46803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46740,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46742,1466],{"class":62},[56,46744,67],{"class":66},[56,46746,191],{"class":180},[56,46748,9281],{"class":184},[56,46750,1476],{"class":180},[56,46752,46753,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46754,2315],{"class":62},[56,46756,67],{"class":66},[56,46758,45357],{"class":1545},[56,46760,115],{"class":70},[56,46762,1481],{"class":101},[56,46764,238],{"class":70},[56,46766,46767],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46768,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,46770,46771,46773,46775,46777],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,46772,112],{"class":111},[56,46774,115],{"class":70},[56,46776,1481],{"class":101},[56,46778,238],{"class":70},[56,46780,46781,46783,46785,46787],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,46782,112],{"class":111},[56,46784,115],{"class":70},[56,46786,2337],{"class":101},[56,46788,238],{"class":70},[56,46790,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,46792,112],{"class":111},[56,46794,115],{"class":70},[56,46796,1546],{"class":1545},[56,46798,115],{"class":70},[56,46800,1481],{"class":101},[56,46802,1553],{"class":70},[56,46804,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,46806,112],{"class":111},[56,46808,115],{"class":70},[56,46810,1546],{"class":1545},[56,46812,115],{"class":70},[56,46814,2337],{"class":101},[56,46816,1553],{"class":70},[20,46818,241],{},[47,46820,46822],{"className":49,"code":46821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46823,46824,46828,46832,46846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46825,46826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46827,2807],{"class":74},[56,46829,46830],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46831,2807],{"class":74},[56,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46835,1635],{"class":66},[56,46837,1639],{"class":1638},[56,46839,263],{"class":180},[56,46841,3538],{"class":184},[56,46843,254],{"class":180},[56,46845,1649],{"class":66},[56,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,46849,1635],{"class":66},[56,46851,1639],{"class":1638},[56,46853,263],{"class":180},[56,46855,2286],{"class":184},[56,46857,254],{"class":180},[56,46859,1649],{"class":66},[20,46861,46862,46863,46865],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46864,2975],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[42,46867,289],{"id":288},[47,46869,46871],{"className":49,"code":46870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46872,46873,46883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46874,46875,46877,46879,46881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46876,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46878,115],{"class":70},[56,46880,2271],{"class":101},[56,46882,238],{"class":70},[56,46884,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893,46896],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46886,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46888,115],{"class":70},[56,46890,2271],{"class":101},[56,46892,78],{"class":70},[56,46894,46895],{"class":101}," base",[56,46897,238],{"class":70},[1030,46899,46901],{"id":46900},"intx",[15,46902,46903],{},"int(x)",[20,46905,46906],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[143,46908,46909,46914,46919],{},[146,46910,46911,46912],{},"a string such as ",[15,46913,42206],{},[146,46915,46916,46917],{},"a float such as ",[15,46918,42064],{},[146,46920,46921,46922],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46923,3698],{},[20,46925,163],{},[47,46927,46929],{"className":49,"code":46928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46930,46931,46949,46964],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46932,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46934,112],{"class":111},[56,46936,115],{"class":70},[56,46938,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46940,115],{"class":70},[56,46942,181],{"class":180},[56,46944,444],{"class":184},[56,46946,181],{"class":180},[56,46948,1553],{"class":70},[56,46950,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959,46962],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46952,112],{"class":111},[56,46954,115],{"class":70},[56,46956,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46958,115],{"class":70},[56,46960,46961],{"class":74},"8.7",[56,46963,1553],{"class":70},[56,46965,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46967,112],{"class":111},[56,46969,115],{"class":70},[56,46971,2286],{"class":1545},[56,46973,115],{"class":70},[56,46975,3698],{"class":893},[56,46977,1553],{"class":70},[20,46979,241],{},[47,46981,46983],{"className":49,"code":46982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46984,46985,46989,46993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46986,46987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46988,2473],{"class":74},[56,46990,46991],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,46992,2478],{"class":74},[56,46994,46995],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,46996,46997],{"class":74},"1\n",[1030,46999,47001],{"id":47000},"intx-base",[15,47002,47003],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47005,47006,47007,47009],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47008,2271],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47011,47012],{},"Common bases:",[143,47014,47015,47020,47025],{},[146,47016,47017,47019],{},[15,47018,1097],{}," for binary",[146,47021,47022,47024],{},[15,47023,2442],{}," for octal",[146,47026,47027,47030],{},[15,47028,47029],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47032,163],{},[47,47034,47036],{"className":49,"code":47035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47037,47038,47060,47083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47041,112],{"class":111},[56,47043,115],{"class":70},[56,47045,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47047,115],{"class":70},[56,47049,181],{"class":180},[56,47051,46672],{"class":184},[56,47053,181],{"class":180},[56,47055,78],{"class":70},[56,47057,81],{"class":74},[56,47059,1553],{"class":70},[56,47061,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47075,47077,47079,47081],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47063,112],{"class":111},[56,47065,115],{"class":70},[56,47067,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47069,115],{"class":70},[56,47071,181],{"class":180},[56,47073,47074],{"class":184},"17",[56,47076,181],{"class":180},[56,47078,78],{"class":70},[56,47080,6450],{"class":74},[56,47082,1553],{"class":70},[56,47084,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095,47098,47100,47102,47104],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47086,112],{"class":111},[56,47088,115],{"class":70},[56,47090,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47092,115],{"class":70},[56,47094,181],{"class":180},[56,47096,47097],{"class":184},"1A",[56,47099,181],{"class":180},[56,47101,78],{"class":70},[56,47103,14066],{"class":74},[56,47105,1553],{"class":70},[20,47107,241],{},[47,47109,47111],{"className":49,"code":47110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47112,47113,47117,47122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47114,47115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47116,3045],{"class":74},[56,47118,47119],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47120,47121],{"class":74},"15\n",[56,47123,47124],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47125,47126],{"class":74},"26\n",[20,47128,47129,47130,98],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[36,47131,47132,2400],{"href":2979},[15,47133,2982],{},[42,47135,1441,47137,47139],{"id":47136},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47138,2975],{}," with strings",[20,47141,47142,47144],{},[15,47143,2975],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47146,47147],{},"Examples that work:",[47,47149,47151],{"className":49,"code":47150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47152,47153,47171,47189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47154,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165,47167,47169],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47156,112],{"class":111},[56,47158,115],{"class":70},[56,47160,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47162,115],{"class":70},[56,47164,181],{"class":180},[56,47166,2235],{"class":184},[56,47168,181],{"class":180},[56,47170,1553],{"class":70},[56,47172,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47174,112],{"class":111},[56,47176,115],{"class":70},[56,47178,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47180,115],{"class":70},[56,47182,181],{"class":180},[56,47184,2389],{"class":184},[56,47186,181],{"class":180},[56,47188,1553],{"class":70},[56,47190,47191,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201,47204,47206],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47192,112],{"class":111},[56,47194,115],{"class":70},[56,47196,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47198,115],{"class":70},[56,47200,181],{"class":180},[56,47202,47203],{"class":184},"  42  ",[56,47205,181],{"class":180},[56,47207,1553],{"class":70},[20,47209,241],{},[47,47211,47213],{"className":49,"code":47212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47214,47215,47219,47225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47216,47217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47218,3045],{"class":74},[56,47220,47221,47223],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47222,709],{"class":66},[56,47224,2323],{"class":74},[56,47226,47227],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47228,46692],{"class":74},[20,47230,47231],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47233,47234],{},"Examples that fail:",[47,47236,47238],{"className":49,"code":47237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47239,47240,47245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47241,47242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47243,47244],{"class":123},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[56,47246,47247],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47248,47249],{"class":123},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47251,47252,47253,47255],{},"These raise ",[15,47254,40784],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1030,47257,47259],{"id":47258},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[47,47261,47263],{"className":49,"code":47262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47264,47265,47283,47302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47266,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47268,112],{"class":111},[56,47270,115],{"class":70},[56,47272,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47274,115],{"class":70},[56,47276,181],{"class":180},[56,47278,2218],{"class":184},[56,47280,181],{"class":180},[56,47282,1553],{"class":70},[56,47284,47285,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47298,47300],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47286,112],{"class":111},[56,47288,115],{"class":70},[56,47290,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47292,115],{"class":70},[56,47294,181],{"class":180},[56,47296,47297],{"class":184},"+7",[56,47299,181],{"class":180},[56,47301,1553],{"class":70},[56,47303,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47317,47319],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47305,112],{"class":111},[56,47307,115],{"class":70},[56,47309,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47311,115],{"class":70},[56,47313,181],{"class":180},[56,47315,47316],{"class":184},"-100",[56,47318,181],{"class":180},[56,47320,1553],{"class":70},[20,47322,241],{},[47,47324,47326],{"className":49,"code":47325,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47327,47328,47333,47337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47329,47330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47331,47332],{"class":74},"0\n",[56,47334,47335],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47336,2178],{"class":74},[56,47338,47339,47341],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47340,709],{"class":66},[56,47342,47343],{"class":74},"100\n",[1030,47345,47347],{"id":47346},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[47,47349,47351],{"className":49,"code":47350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47352,47353,47391,47395,47407,47414,47429,47444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47354,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47374,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47387,47389],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47356,3912],{"class":62},[56,47358,67],{"class":66},[56,47360,71],{"class":70},[56,47362,181],{"class":180},[56,47364,40223],{"class":184},[56,47366,181],{"class":180},[56,47368,78],{"class":70},[56,47370,191],{"class":180},[56,47372,47373],{"class":184},"12abc",[56,47375,181],{"class":180},[56,47377,78],{"class":70},[56,47379,6216],{"class":180},[56,47381,78],{"class":70},[56,47383,191],{"class":180},[56,47385,47386],{"class":184},"seven",[56,47388,181],{"class":180},[56,47390,89],{"class":70},[56,47392,47393],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47394,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47398,6048],{"class":3965},[56,47400,21665],{"class":62},[56,47402,3972],{"class":3965},[56,47404,3975],{"class":62},[56,47406,6484],{"class":70},[56,47408,47409,47412],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,47410,47411],{"class":3965},"    try",[56,47413,6484],{"class":70},[56,47415,47416,47419,47421,47423,47425,47427],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,47417,47418],{"class":111},"        print",[56,47420,115],{"class":70},[56,47422,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47424,115],{"class":70},[56,47426,2570],{"class":101},[56,47428,1553],{"class":70},[56,47430,47431,47434,47436,47439,47442],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,47432,47433],{"class":3965},"    except",[56,47435,42006],{"class":1545},[56,47437,47438],{"class":3965}," as",[56,47440,47441],{"class":62}," error",[56,47443,6484],{"class":70},[56,47445,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458,47461,47463,47466,47468,47471,47473,47475],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,47447,47418],{"class":111},[56,47449,115],{"class":70},[56,47451,22375],{"class":1638},[56,47453,181],{"class":184},[56,47455,9366],{"class":74},[56,47457,2570],{"class":101},[56,47459,47460],{"class":1638},"!r",[56,47462,22384],{"class":74},[56,47464,47465],{"class":184}," -> ",[56,47467,9366],{"class":74},[56,47469,47470],{"class":101},"error",[56,47472,22384],{"class":74},[56,47474,181],{"class":184},[56,47476,238],{"class":70},[20,47478,241],{},[47,47480,47482],{"className":49,"code":47481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47483,47484,47520,47552,47577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47485,47486,47488,47490,47492,47495,47498,47500,47502,47504,47507,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47487,254],{"class":43408},[56,47489,40223],{"class":43412},[56,47491,254],{"class":43408},[56,47493,47494],{"class":37445}," ->",[56,47496,47497],{"class":62}," invalid literal ",[56,47499,6048],{"class":3965},[56,47501,45357],{"class":1545},[56,47503,7456],{"class":70},[56,47505,47506],{"class":3965}," with",[56,47508,47509],{"class":62}," base ",[56,47511,444],{"class":74},[56,47513,141],{"class":70},[56,47515,263],{"class":180},[56,47517,40223],{"class":184},[56,47519,29781],{"class":180},[56,47521,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47523,254],{"class":180},[56,47525,47373],{"class":184},[56,47527,254],{"class":180},[56,47529,47494],{"class":37445},[56,47531,47497],{"class":62},[56,47533,6048],{"class":3965},[56,47535,45357],{"class":1545},[56,47537,7456],{"class":70},[56,47539,47506],{"class":3965},[56,47541,47509],{"class":62},[56,47543,444],{"class":74},[56,47545,141],{"class":70},[56,47547,263],{"class":180},[56,47549,47373],{"class":184},[56,47551,29781],{"class":180},[56,47553,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47555,3863],{"class":180},[56,47557,47494],{"class":37445},[56,47559,47497],{"class":62},[56,47561,6048],{"class":3965},[56,47563,45357],{"class":1545},[56,47565,7456],{"class":70},[56,47567,47506],{"class":3965},[56,47569,47509],{"class":62},[56,47571,444],{"class":74},[56,47573,141],{"class":70},[56,47575,47576],{"class":180}," ''\n",[56,47578,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,47580,254],{"class":180},[56,47582,47386],{"class":184},[56,47584,254],{"class":180},[56,47586,47494],{"class":37445},[56,47588,47497],{"class":62},[56,47590,6048],{"class":3965},[56,47592,45357],{"class":1545},[56,47594,7456],{"class":70},[56,47596,47506],{"class":3965},[56,47598,47509],{"class":62},[56,47600,444],{"class":74},[56,47602,141],{"class":70},[56,47604,263],{"class":180},[56,47606,47386],{"class":184},[56,47608,29781],{"class":180},[20,47610,47611,47612,47614,47615,98],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[36,47613,9068],{"href":9067}," and the ",[36,47616,47617,2400],{"href":8310},[15,47618,3056],{},[42,47620,1441,47622,47624],{"id":47621},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47623,2975],{}," with floats",[20,47626,47627,47628,47630],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47629,2975],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47632,47633,47634,14132,47636,47638],{},"Important: ",[15,47635,2975],{},[540,47637,931],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[47,47640,47642],{"className":49,"code":47641,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47643,47644,47658,47673,47689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47645,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47647,112],{"class":111},[56,47649,115],{"class":70},[56,47651,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47653,115],{"class":70},[56,47655,42064],{"class":74},[56,47657,1553],{"class":70},[56,47659,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47671],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47661,112],{"class":111},[56,47663,115],{"class":70},[56,47665,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47667,115],{"class":70},[56,47669,47670],{"class":74},"3.1",[56,47672,1553],{"class":70},[56,47674,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47676,112],{"class":111},[56,47678,115],{"class":70},[56,47680,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47682,115],{"class":70},[56,47684,709],{"class":66},[56,47686,42064],{"class":74},[56,47688,1553],{"class":70},[56,47690,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,47692,112],{"class":111},[56,47694,115],{"class":70},[56,47696,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47698,115],{"class":70},[56,47700,709],{"class":66},[56,47702,47670],{"class":74},[56,47704,1553],{"class":70},[20,47706,241],{},[47,47708,47710],{"className":49,"code":47709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47711,47712,47716,47720,47726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47713,47714],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47715,46697],{"class":74},[56,47717,47718],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47719,46697],{"class":74},[56,47721,47722,47724],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47723,709],{"class":66},[56,47725,46697],{"class":74},[56,47727,47728,47730],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,47729,709],{"class":66},[56,47731,46697],{"class":74},[20,47733,47734],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[143,47736,47737,47744],{},[146,47738,47739,938,47742],{},[15,47740,47741],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47743,901],{},[146,47745,47746,938,47749],{},[15,47747,47748],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47750,47751],{},"-3",[20,47753,47754,47755,47759,47760,98],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[36,47756,47757],{"href":2979},[15,47758,2982],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[36,47761,47762],{"href":42254},[15,47763,47764],{},"str()",[42,47766,1441,47768,47770],{"id":47767},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47769,2975],{}," with booleans",[20,47772,47773],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[47,47775,47777],{"className":49,"code":47776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47778,47779,47793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47780,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47782,112],{"class":111},[56,47784,115],{"class":70},[56,47786,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47788,115],{"class":70},[56,47790,3698],{"class":893},[56,47792,1553],{"class":70},[56,47794,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47796,112],{"class":111},[56,47798,115],{"class":70},[56,47800,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47802,115],{"class":70},[56,47804,3764],{"class":893},[56,47806,1553],{"class":70},[20,47808,241],{},[47,47810,47812],{"className":49,"code":47811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n0\n",[15,47813,47814,47818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47815,47816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47817,46997],{"class":74},[56,47819,47820],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47821,47332],{"class":74},[20,47823,47824],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[47,47826,47828],{"className":49,"code":47827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47829,47830,47839,47854,47858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47831,47832,47835,47837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47833,47834],{"class":62},"passed ",[56,47836,67],{"class":66},[56,47838,6513],{"class":893},[56,47840,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47852],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,47842,41262],{"class":62},[56,47844,67],{"class":66},[56,47846,45357],{"class":1545},[56,47848,115],{"class":70},[56,47850,47851],{"class":101},"passed",[56,47853,238],{"class":70},[56,47855,47856],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,47857,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,47859,47860,47862,47864,47866],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,47861,112],{"class":111},[56,47863,115],{"class":70},[56,47865,41291],{"class":101},[56,47867,238],{"class":70},[20,47869,241],{},[47,47871,47872],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,47873,47874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47875,47876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47877,46997],{"class":74},[20,47879,47880,47881,98],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[36,47882,47883,2400],{"href":5870},[15,47884,3902],{},[42,47886,47888],{"id":47887},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47890,47891,47892,47895],{},"Use the ",[15,47893,47894],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1030,47897,47899],{"id":47898},"binary-example","Binary example",[47,47901,47903],{"className":49,"code":47902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47904,47905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47906,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47908,112],{"class":111},[56,47910,115],{"class":70},[56,47912,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47914,115],{"class":70},[56,47916,181],{"class":180},[56,47918,46672],{"class":184},[56,47920,181],{"class":180},[56,47922,78],{"class":70},[56,47924,81],{"class":74},[56,47926,1553],{"class":70},[20,47928,241],{},[47,47930,47931],{"className":49,"code":3045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,47932,47933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47934,47935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47936,3045],{"class":74},[20,47938,47939,47942],{},[15,47940,47941],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[143,47944,47945,47950,47955],{},[146,47946,47947],{},[15,47948,47949],{},"1 × 4",[146,47951,47952],{},[15,47953,47954],{},"0 × 2",[146,47956,47957],{},[15,47958,47959],{},"1 × 1",[20,47961,47962,47963,98],{},"So the result is ",[15,47964,2235],{},[1030,47966,47968],{"id":47967},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[47,47970,47972],{"className":49,"code":47971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47973,47974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47975,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47977,112],{"class":111},[56,47979,115],{"class":70},[56,47981,2286],{"class":1545},[56,47983,115],{"class":70},[56,47985,181],{"class":180},[56,47987,47097],{"class":184},[56,47989,181],{"class":180},[56,47991,78],{"class":70},[56,47993,14066],{"class":74},[56,47995,1553],{"class":70},[20,47997,241],{},[47,47999,48000],{"className":49,"code":47126,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48001,48002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48003,48004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48005,47126],{"class":74},[1030,48007,48009],{"id":48008},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48011,2079,48012,48014],{},[15,48013,47894],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48016,48017],{},"Good:",[47,48019,48020],{"className":49,"code":47902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48021,48022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48023,48024,48026,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48025,112],{"class":111},[56,48027,115],{"class":70},[56,48029,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48031,115],{"class":70},[56,48033,181],{"class":180},[56,48035,46672],{"class":184},[56,48037,181],{"class":180},[56,48039,78],{"class":70},[56,48041,81],{"class":74},[56,48043,1553],{"class":70},[20,48045,48046],{},"Not correct:",[47,48048,48050],{"className":49,"code":48049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48051,48052],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48053,48054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48055,48049],{"class":123},[20,48057,48058,48059,8689,48061,48063],{},"That causes a ",[15,48060,3103],{},[15,48062,47894],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[42,48065,48067],{"id":48066},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48069,48070,48071,48073,48074,4480,48076,98],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48072,2975],{}," are ",[15,48075,40784],{},[15,48077,3103],{},[1030,48079,48080],{"id":41593},[15,48081,40784],{},[20,48083,48084],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48086,163],{},[47,48088,48090],{"className":49,"code":48089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48091,48092,48098,48116,48128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48093,48094,48096],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48095,29885],{"class":3965},[56,48097,6484],{"class":70},[56,48099,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108,48110,48112,48114],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48101,8160],{"class":111},[56,48103,115],{"class":70},[56,48105,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48107,115],{"class":70},[56,48109,181],{"class":180},[56,48111,40223],{"class":184},[56,48113,181],{"class":180},[56,48115,1553],{"class":70},[56,48117,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48119,29916],{"class":3965},[56,48121,42006],{"class":1545},[56,48123,47438],{"class":3965},[56,48125,47441],{"class":62},[56,48127,6484],{"class":70},[56,48129,48130,48132,48134,48136],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48131,8160],{"class":111},[56,48133,115],{"class":70},[56,48135,47470],{"class":101},[56,48137,238],{"class":70},[20,48139,241],{},[47,48141,48143],{"className":49,"code":48142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48144,48145],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48146,48147,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48148,48149],{"class":62},"invalid literal ",[56,48151,6048],{"class":3965},[56,48153,45357],{"class":1545},[56,48155,7456],{"class":70},[56,48157,47506],{"class":3965},[56,48159,47509],{"class":62},[56,48161,444],{"class":74},[56,48163,141],{"class":70},[56,48165,263],{"class":180},[56,48167,40223],{"class":184},[56,48169,29781],{"class":180},[20,48171,48172,48173,48176,48177,48179],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48174,48175],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48178,2975],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[47,48181,48183],{"className":49,"code":48182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48184,48185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48186,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48188,112],{"class":111},[56,48190,115],{"class":70},[56,48192,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48194,115],{"class":70},[56,48196,2290],{"class":1545},[56,48198,115],{"class":70},[56,48200,181],{"class":180},[56,48202,40223],{"class":184},[56,48204,181],{"class":180},[56,48206,3010],{"class":70},[20,48208,241],{},[47,48210,48211],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48212,48213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48214,48215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48216,46697],{"class":74},[20,48218,48219,48220,4480,48223,98],{},"If you see this often, read ",[36,48221,48222],{"href":3060},"how to convert string to int in Python",[36,48224,25761,48225],{"href":45997},[15,48226,45998],{},[1030,48228,48229],{"id":41659},[15,48230,3103],{},[20,48232,48233],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48235,163],{},[47,48237,48239],{"className":49,"code":48238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48240,48241,48247,48261,48274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48242,48243,48245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48244,29885],{"class":3965},[56,48246,6484],{"class":70},[56,48248,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48250,8160],{"class":111},[56,48252,115],{"class":70},[56,48254,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48256,115],{"class":70},[56,48258,157],{"class":893},[56,48260,1553],{"class":70},[56,48262,48263,48265,48268,48270,48272],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48264,29916],{"class":3965},[56,48266,48267],{"class":1545}," TypeError",[56,48269,47438],{"class":3965},[56,48271,47441],{"class":62},[56,48273,6484],{"class":70},[56,48275,48276,48278,48280,48282],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48277,8160],{"class":111},[56,48279,115],{"class":70},[56,48281,47470],{"class":101},[56,48283,238],{"class":70},[20,48285,241],{},[47,48287,48289],{"className":49,"code":48288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48290,48291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48292,48293,48295,48297,48300,48302,48304,48307,48309,48312,48314,48317,48319,48321,48323,48325,48328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48294,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48296,7456],{"class":70},[56,48298,48299],{"class":62}," argument must be a string",[56,48301,78],{"class":70},[56,48303,44625],{"class":62},[56,48305,48306],{"class":1545},"bytes",[56,48308,709],{"class":66},[56,48310,48311],{"class":62},"like ",[56,48313,42478],{"class":1545},[56,48315,48316],{"class":66}," or",[56,48318,40920],{"class":62},[56,48320,78],{"class":70},[56,48322,8190],{"class":66},[56,48324,263],{"class":180},[56,48326,48327],{"class":184},"NoneType",[56,48329,29781],{"class":180},[20,48331,48332,48333,48335],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48334,47894],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[47,48337,48339],{"className":49,"code":48338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48340,48341,48347,48365,48377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48342,48343,48345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48344,29885],{"class":3965},[56,48346,6484],{"class":70},[56,48348,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48350,8160],{"class":111},[56,48352,115],{"class":70},[56,48354,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48356,115],{"class":70},[56,48358,46672],{"class":74},[56,48360,78],{"class":70},[56,48362,81],{"class":74},[56,48364,1553],{"class":70},[56,48366,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48368,29916],{"class":3965},[56,48370,48267],{"class":1545},[56,48372,47438],{"class":3965},[56,48374,47441],{"class":62},[56,48376,6484],{"class":70},[56,48378,48379,48381,48383,48385],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48380,8160],{"class":111},[56,48382,115],{"class":70},[56,48384,47470],{"class":101},[56,48386,238],{"class":70},[20,48388,241],{},[47,48390,48392],{"className":49,"code":48391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48393,48394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48395,48396,48398,48400,48403,48405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48397,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48399,7456],{"class":70},[56,48401,48402],{"class":62}," can",[56,48404,254],{"class":180},[56,48406,48407],{"class":184},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[42,48409,1389,48411],{"id":48410},"when-to-use-int",[15,48412,2975],{},[20,48414,650,48415,48417],{},[15,48416,2975],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48419,48420],{},"Common uses:",[143,48422,48423,48429,48432,48435],{},[146,48424,48425,48426,48428],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48427,3056],{}," into integers",[146,48430,48431],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[146,48433,48434],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[146,48436,48437,48438,36694],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48439,47894],{},[20,48441,48442],{},"Example with user input:",[47,48444,48446],{"className":49,"code":48445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48447,48448,48462,48477,48481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48449,48450,48453,48455,48457,48460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48451,48452],{"class":62},"age_text ",[56,48454,67],{"class":66},[56,48456,191],{"class":180},[56,48458,48459],{"class":184},"18",[56,48461,1476],{"class":180},[56,48463,48464,48466,48468,48470,48472,48475],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48465,21709],{"class":62},[56,48467,67],{"class":66},[56,48469,45357],{"class":1545},[56,48471,115],{"class":70},[56,48473,48474],{"class":101},"age_text",[56,48476,238],{"class":70},[56,48478,48479],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48480,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,48482,48483,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48484,112],{"class":111},[56,48486,115],{"class":70},[56,48488,21709],{"class":101},[56,48490,2159],{"class":66},[56,48492,910],{"class":74},[56,48494,238],{"class":70},[20,48496,241],{},[47,48498,48500],{"className":49,"code":48499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19\n",[15,48501,48502],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48503,48504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48505,48499],{"class":74},[42,48507,1418],{"id":1417},[20,48509,14812,48510,98],{},[15,48511,2975],{},[1030,48513,48515],{"id":48514},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48517,48518],{},"This fails:",[47,48520,48522],{"className":49,"code":48521,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48523,48524],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48525,48526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48527,48521],{"class":123},[20,48529,48530,48531,48534],{},"Why: ",[15,48532,48533],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48536,18920],{},[47,48538,48540],{"className":49,"code":48539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48541,48542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48543,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48545,112],{"class":111},[56,48547,115],{"class":70},[56,48549,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48551,115],{"class":70},[56,48553,2290],{"class":1545},[56,48555,115],{"class":70},[56,48557,181],{"class":180},[56,48559,41203],{"class":184},[56,48561,181],{"class":180},[56,48563,3010],{"class":70},[1030,48565,48567],{"id":48566},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48569,48518],{},[47,48571,48573],{"className":49,"code":48572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48574,48575],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48576,48577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48578,48572],{"class":123},[20,48580,48581],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1030,48583,48585,48586],{"id":48584},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48587,48588],{},"int(None)",[20,48590,48591,48592,48594],{},"This fails because ",[15,48593,157],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[47,48596,48598],{"className":49,"code":48597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48599,48600,48609,48613,48619,48633,48645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48601,48602,48604,48606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48603,2544],{"class":62},[56,48605,67],{"class":66},[56,48607,48608],{"class":893}," None\n",[56,48610,48611],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48612,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,48614,48615,48617],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48616,29885],{"class":3965},[56,48618,6484],{"class":70},[56,48620,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48622,8160],{"class":111},[56,48624,115],{"class":70},[56,48626,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48628,115],{"class":70},[56,48630,2570],{"class":101},[56,48632,1553],{"class":70},[56,48634,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,48636,29916],{"class":3965},[56,48638,48267],{"class":1545},[56,48640,47438],{"class":3965},[56,48642,47441],{"class":62},[56,48644,6484],{"class":70},[56,48646,48647,48649,48651,48653],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,48648,8160],{"class":111},[56,48650,115],{"class":70},[56,48652,47470],{"class":101},[56,48654,238],{"class":70},[1030,48656,48658],{"id":48657},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48660,48518],{},[47,48662,48663],{"className":49,"code":48049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48664,48665],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48666,48667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48668,48049],{"class":123},[20,48670,48671],{},"Use a string instead:",[47,48673,48674],{"className":49,"code":47902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,48675,48676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48677,48678,48680,48682,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48679,112],{"class":111},[56,48681,115],{"class":70},[56,48683,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48685,115],{"class":70},[56,48687,181],{"class":180},[56,48689,46672],{"class":184},[56,48691,181],{"class":180},[56,48693,78],{"class":70},[56,48695,81],{"class":74},[56,48697,1553],{"class":70},[1030,48699,1435,48701,48703],{"id":48700},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48702,2975],{}," to round",[20,48705,48706],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[47,48708,48710],{"className":49,"code":48709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48711,48712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48713,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48715,112],{"class":111},[56,48717,115],{"class":70},[56,48719,2286],{"class":1545},[56,48721,115],{"class":70},[56,48723,48724],{"class":74},"4.9",[56,48726,1553],{"class":70},[20,48728,241],{},[47,48730,48732],{"className":49,"code":48731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n",[15,48733,48734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48735,48736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48737,48731],{"class":74},[20,48739,3268,48740,48742,48743,48745],{},[15,48741,2235],{},", remember that ",[15,48744,2975],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[42,48747,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,48749,1892,48751,48753],{"id":48750},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48752,2975],{}," round numbers?",[20,48755,1931,48756,48758],{},[15,48757,2975],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1030,48760,5246,48762,48765],{"id":48761},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48763,48764],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48767,29142,48768,48770,48771,48773,48774,40009],{},[15,48769,48175],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48772,2982],{}," first, then use ",[15,48775,2975],{},[1030,48777,5230,48779,12797],{"id":48778},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48780,48781],{},"int(True)",[20,48783,5236,48784,28395,48786,938,48788,98],{},[15,48785,75],{},[15,48787,3764],{},[15,48789,2218],{},[1030,48791,48793],{"id":48792},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48795,48796],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[42,48798,1996],{"id":1995},[143,48800,48801,48807,48813,48819,48824,48828,48834],{},[146,48802,48803],{},[36,48804,48805,2012],{"href":2979},[15,48806,2982],{},[146,48808,48809],{},[36,48810,48811,2012],{"href":42254},[15,48812,47764],{},[146,48814,48815],{},[36,48816,48817,2012],{"href":5870},[15,48818,3902],{},[146,48820,48821],{},[36,48822,48823],{"href":3060},"How to convert string to int in Python",[146,48825,48826],{},[36,48827,9145],{"href":9067},[146,48829,48830],{},[36,48831,48832,2012],{"href":8310},[15,48833,3056],{},[146,48835,48836],{},[36,48837,30429,48838],{"href":45997},[15,48839,45998],{},[2028,48841,48842],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":48844},[48845,48846,48848,48852,48857,48859,48861,48866,48870,48872,48881,48890],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":46709,"depth":92,"text":48847},"What int() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":48849},[48850,48851],{"id":46900,"depth":108,"text":46903},{"id":47000,"depth":108,"text":47003},{"id":47136,"depth":92,"text":48853,"children":48854},"Using int() with strings",[48855,48856],{"id":47258,"depth":108,"text":47259},{"id":47346,"depth":108,"text":47347},{"id":47621,"depth":92,"text":48858},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47767,"depth":92,"text":48860},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47887,"depth":92,"text":47888,"children":48862},[48863,48864,48865],{"id":47898,"depth":108,"text":47899},{"id":47967,"depth":108,"text":47968},{"id":48008,"depth":108,"text":48009},{"id":48066,"depth":92,"text":48067,"children":48867},[48868,48869],{"id":41593,"depth":108,"text":40784},{"id":41659,"depth":108,"text":3103},{"id":48410,"depth":92,"text":48871},"When to use int()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":48873},[48874,48875,48876,48878,48879],{"id":48514,"depth":108,"text":48515},{"id":48566,"depth":108,"text":48567},{"id":48584,"depth":108,"text":48877},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48657,"depth":108,"text":48658},{"id":48700,"depth":108,"text":48880},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":48882},[48883,48885,48887,48889],{"id":48750,"depth":108,"text":48884},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48761,"depth":108,"text":48886},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48778,"depth":108,"text":48888},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48792,"depth":108,"text":48793},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42176,"description":48891},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48898,"title":48899,"body":48900,"description":50736,"extension":2062,"meta":50737,"navigation":600,"path":44883,"seo":50738,"stem":50739,"__hash__":50740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48901,"toc":50692},[48902,48907,48912,48920,48929,48931,48990,48996,49001,49006,49009,49037,49040,49043,49054,49064,49066,49068,49088,49092,49120,49122,49161,49163,49171,49173,49176,49180,49233,49235,49247,49251,49308,49310,49322,49328,49334,49338,49341,49344,49410,49412,49424,49430,49432,49484,49487,49528,49531,49538,49547,49553,49556,49589,49595,49598,49629,49635,49638,49650,49654,49659,49663,49821,49823,49838,49841,49845,49949,49951,49968,49972,50033,50035,50043,50046,50050,50117,50119,50128,50134,50136,50145,50147,50182,50187,50189,50219,50223,50225,50262,50265,50267,50304,50310,50312,50362,50364,50372,50382,50388,50392,50397,50446,50448,50461,50464,50466,50469,50544,50547,50566,50569,50599,50609,50611,50616,50623,50629,50635,50642,50650,50656,50659,50661,50689],[10,48903,2009,48905,3673],{"id":48904},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48906,44886],{},[20,48908,48909,48911],{},[15,48910,44886],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48913,48914,48915,2976,48917,48919],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48916,3698],{},[15,48918,3764],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48921,48922,48923,48925,48926,48928],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48924,44886],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48927,2399],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[42,48930,45],{"id":44},[47,48932,48934],{"className":49,"code":48933,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48935,48936,48944,48948,48969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48937,48938,48940,48942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48939,2544],{"class":62},[56,48941,67],{"class":66},[56,48943,2685],{"class":74},[56,48945,48946],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,48947,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,48949,48950,48952,48954,48957,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,48951,112],{"class":111},[56,48953,115],{"class":70},[56,48955,48956],{"class":111},"isinstance",[56,48958,115],{"class":70},[56,48960,2570],{"class":101},[56,48962,78],{"class":70},[56,48964,45357],{"class":1545},[56,48966,5451],{"class":70},[56,48968,43935],{"class":123},[56,48970,48971,48973,48975,48977,48979,48981,48983,48986,48988],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,48972,112],{"class":111},[56,48974,115],{"class":70},[56,48976,48956],{"class":111},[56,48978,115],{"class":70},[56,48980,2570],{"class":101},[56,48982,78],{"class":70},[56,48984,48985],{"class":1545}," str",[56,48987,5451],{"class":70},[56,48989,43952],{"class":123},[20,48991,650,48992,48995],{},[15,48993,48994],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[42,48997,133,48999,136],{"id":48998},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49000,44886],{},[20,49002,49003,49005],{},[15,49004,44886],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49007,49008],{},"It:",[143,49010,49011,49014,49020,49023],{},[146,49012,49013],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[146,49015,154,49016,2976,49018],{},[15,49017,3698],{},[15,49019,3764],{},[146,49021,49022],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[146,49024,49025,49026,2287,49028,2287,49030,2287,49032,17153,49035],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49027,3538],{},[15,49029,2286],{},[15,49031,1644],{},[15,49033,49034],{},"tuple",[15,49036,8908],{},[20,49038,49039],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49041,49042],{},"For example, you might want to:",[143,49044,49045,49048,49051],{},[146,49046,49047],{},"loop through a list",[146,49049,49050],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[146,49052,49053],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49055,49056,49057,2976,49060,98],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[36,49058,44878],{"href":49059},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[36,49061,49063],{"href":49062},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[42,49065,289],{"id":288},[20,49067,292],{},[47,49069,49071],{"className":49,"code":49070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49072,49073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49074,49075,49077,49079,49081,49083,49086],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49076,48956],{"class":111},[56,49078,115],{"class":70},[56,49080,42478],{"class":1545},[56,49082,78],{"class":70},[56,49084,49085],{"class":101}," classinfo",[56,49087,238],{"class":70},[1030,49089,49091],{"id":49090},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[143,49093,49094,49099,49113],{},[146,49095,49096,49098],{},[15,49097,42478],{}," is the value you want to test",[146,49100,49101,49104,49105,2287,49107,2287,49109,2291,49111],{},[15,49102,49103],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49106,2286],{},[15,49108,3538],{},[15,49110,1644],{},[15,49112,8908],{},[146,49114,49115,49116,2976,49118],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49117,3698],{},[15,49119,3764],{},[20,49121,163],{},[47,49123,49125],{"className":49,"code":49124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49126,49127,49139,49143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49128,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49130,7967],{"class":62},[56,49132,67],{"class":66},[56,49134,191],{"class":180},[56,49136,11595],{"class":184},[56,49138,1476],{"class":180},[56,49140,49141],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49142,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49144,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49146,112],{"class":111},[56,49148,115],{"class":70},[56,49150,48956],{"class":111},[56,49152,115],{"class":70},[56,49154,7759],{"class":101},[56,49156,78],{"class":70},[56,49158,48985],{"class":1545},[56,49160,1553],{"class":70},[20,49162,241],{},[47,49164,49165],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49166,49167],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49168,49169],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49170,4068],{"class":893},[42,49172,425],{"id":424},[20,49174,49175],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1030,49177,49179],{"id":49178},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[47,49181,49183],{"className":49,"code":49182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49184,49185,49193,49197,49215],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49186,49187,49189,49191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49188,2544],{"class":62},[56,49190,67],{"class":66},[56,49192,45306],{"class":74},[56,49194,49195],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49196,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49198,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49200,112],{"class":111},[56,49202,115],{"class":70},[56,49204,48956],{"class":111},[56,49206,115],{"class":70},[56,49208,2570],{"class":101},[56,49210,78],{"class":70},[56,49212,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49214,1553],{"class":70},[56,49216,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,49218,112],{"class":111},[56,49220,115],{"class":70},[56,49222,48956],{"class":111},[56,49224,115],{"class":70},[56,49226,2570],{"class":101},[56,49228,78],{"class":70},[56,49230,48985],{"class":1545},[56,49232,1553],{"class":70},[20,49234,241],{},[47,49236,49237],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49238,49239,49243],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49240,49241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49242,4068],{"class":893},[56,49244,49245],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49246,4129],{"class":893},[1030,49248,49250],{"id":49249},"check-text","Check text",[47,49252,49254],{"className":49,"code":49253,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49255,49256,49268,49272,49290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49259,1466],{"class":62},[56,49261,67],{"class":66},[56,49263,191],{"class":180},[56,49265,1473],{"class":184},[56,49267,1476],{"class":180},[56,49269,49270],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49271,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49273,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49275,112],{"class":111},[56,49277,115],{"class":70},[56,49279,48956],{"class":111},[56,49281,115],{"class":70},[56,49283,1481],{"class":101},[56,49285,78],{"class":70},[56,49287,48985],{"class":1545},[56,49289,1553],{"class":70},[56,49291,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,49293,112],{"class":111},[56,49295,115],{"class":70},[56,49297,48956],{"class":111},[56,49299,115],{"class":70},[56,49301,1481],{"class":101},[56,49303,78],{"class":70},[56,49305,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49307,1553],{"class":70},[20,49309,241],{},[47,49311,49312],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49313,49314,49318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49315,49316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49317,4068],{"class":893},[56,49319,49320],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49321,4129],{"class":893},[20,49323,49324,49325,49327],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49326,44886],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49329,49330,49331,98],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[36,49332,49333],{"href":3060},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[42,49335,49337],{"id":49336},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49339,49340],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49342,49343],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[47,49345,49347],{"className":49,"code":49346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49348,49349,49358,49362,49386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49350,49351,49353,49355],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49352,2544],{"class":62},[56,49354,67],{"class":66},[56,49356,49357],{"class":74}," 3.5\n",[56,49359,49360],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49361,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49363,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49365,112],{"class":111},[56,49367,115],{"class":70},[56,49369,48956],{"class":111},[56,49371,115],{"class":70},[56,49373,2570],{"class":101},[56,49375,78],{"class":70},[56,49377,9324],{"class":70},[56,49379,2286],{"class":1545},[56,49381,78],{"class":70},[56,49383,40335],{"class":1545},[56,49385,3010],{"class":70},[56,49387,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,49389,112],{"class":111},[56,49391,115],{"class":70},[56,49393,48956],{"class":111},[56,49395,115],{"class":70},[56,49397,2570],{"class":101},[56,49399,78],{"class":70},[56,49401,9324],{"class":70},[56,49403,3538],{"class":1545},[56,49405,78],{"class":70},[56,49407,1878],{"class":1545},[56,49409,3010],{"class":70},[20,49411,241],{},[47,49413,49414],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,49415,49416,49420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49417,49418],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49419,4068],{"class":893},[56,49421,49422],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49423,4129],{"class":893},[20,49425,49426,49427,49429],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49428,40917],{}," conditions.",[20,49431,8389],{},[47,49433,49435],{"className":49,"code":49434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49436,49437,49445,49449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49438,49439,49441,49443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49440,2544],{"class":62},[56,49442,67],{"class":66},[56,49444,49357],{"class":74},[56,49446,49447],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49448,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49450,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49452,112],{"class":111},[56,49454,115],{"class":70},[56,49456,1546],{"class":1545},[56,49458,115],{"class":70},[56,49460,2570],{"class":101},[56,49462,120],{"class":70},[56,49464,6499],{"class":66},[56,49466,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49468,48316],{"class":3965},[56,49470,49471],{"class":1545}," type",[56,49473,115],{"class":70},[56,49475,2570],{"class":101},[56,49477,120],{"class":70},[56,49479,6499],{"class":66},[56,49481,40335],{"class":1545},[56,49483,238],{"class":70},[20,49485,49486],{},"you can write this:",[47,49488,49490],{"className":49,"code":49489,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49491,49492,49500,49504],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49493,49494,49496,49498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49495,2544],{"class":62},[56,49497,67],{"class":66},[56,49499,49357],{"class":74},[56,49501,49502],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49503,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49505,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49507,112],{"class":111},[56,49509,115],{"class":70},[56,49511,48956],{"class":111},[56,49513,115],{"class":70},[56,49515,2570],{"class":101},[56,49517,78],{"class":70},[56,49519,9324],{"class":70},[56,49521,2286],{"class":1545},[56,49523,78],{"class":70},[56,49525,40335],{"class":1545},[56,49527,3010],{"class":70},[20,49529,49530],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[42,49532,49534,1021,49536],{"id":49533},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49535,44886],{},[15,49537,2399],{},[20,49539,10678,49540,4480,49542,49546],{},[15,49541,44886],{},[36,49543,49544],{"href":2396},[15,49545,2399],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1030,49548,49550],{"id":49549},"typevalue-int",[15,49551,49552],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49554,49555],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[47,49557,49559],{"className":49,"code":49558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49560,49561,49569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49562,49563,49565,49567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49564,2544],{"class":62},[56,49566,67],{"class":66},[56,49568,2685],{"class":74},[56,49570,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49572,112],{"class":111},[56,49574,115],{"class":70},[56,49576,1546],{"class":1545},[56,49578,115],{"class":70},[56,49580,2570],{"class":101},[56,49582,120],{"class":70},[56,49584,6499],{"class":66},[56,49586,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49588,238],{"class":70},[1030,49590,49592],{"id":49591},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49593,49594],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49596,49597],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[47,49599,49601],{"className":49,"code":49600,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49602,49603,49611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49604,49605,49607,49609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49606,2544],{"class":62},[56,49608,67],{"class":66},[56,49610,2685],{"class":74},[56,49612,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49627],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49614,112],{"class":111},[56,49616,115],{"class":70},[56,49618,48956],{"class":111},[56,49620,115],{"class":70},[56,49622,2570],{"class":101},[56,49624,78],{"class":70},[56,49626,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49628,1553],{"class":70},[20,49630,49631,49632,49634],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49633,44886],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49636,49637],{},"In everyday code:",[143,49639,49640,49645],{},[146,49641,40070,49642,49644],{},[15,49643,2399],{}," when you need the exact type",[146,49646,40070,49647,49649],{},[15,49648,44886],{}," when you want a practical type check",[42,49651,49653],{"id":49652},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49655,49656,49657,98],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49658,44886],{},[1030,49660,49662],{"id":49661},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[47,49664,49666],{"className":49,"code":49665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49667,49668,49686,49705,49717,49722,49740,49751,49755,49767,49771,49795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49669,49670,49672,49675,49677,49679,49681,49684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49671,34931],{"class":1638},[56,49673,49674],{"class":34934}," repeat_text",[56,49676,115],{"class":70},[56,49678,1481],{"class":37741},[56,49680,78],{"class":70},[56,49682,49683],{"class":37741}," count",[56,49685,8431],{"class":70},[56,49687,49688,49690,49692,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49689,6489],{"class":3965},[56,49691,8190],{"class":66},[56,49693,49694],{"class":111}," isinstance",[56,49696,115],{"class":70},[56,49698,1481],{"class":101},[56,49700,78],{"class":70},[56,49702,48985],{"class":1545},[56,49704,8431],{"class":70},[56,49706,49707,49710,49712,49715],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49708,49709],{"class":3965},"        return",[56,49711,191],{"class":180},[56,49713,49714],{"class":184},"text must be a string",[56,49716,1476],{"class":180},[56,49718,49719],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,49720,49721],{"class":62},"    \n",[56,49723,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,49725,6489],{"class":3965},[56,49727,8190],{"class":66},[56,49729,49694],{"class":111},[56,49731,115],{"class":70},[56,49733,41339],{"class":101},[56,49735,78],{"class":70},[56,49737,45357],{"class":1545},[56,49739,8431],{"class":70},[56,49741,49742,49744,49746,49749],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,49743,49709],{"class":3965},[56,49745,191],{"class":180},[56,49747,49748],{"class":184},"count must be an integer",[56,49750,1476],{"class":180},[56,49752,49753],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,49754,49721],{"class":62},[56,49756,49757,49759,49762,49764],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,49758,34942],{"class":3965},[56,49760,49761],{"class":62}," text ",[56,49763,39952],{"class":66},[56,49765,49766],{"class":62}," count\n",[56,49768,49769],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,49770,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49772,49773,49775,49777,49780,49782,49784,49787,49789,49791,49793],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,49774,112],{"class":111},[56,49776,115],{"class":70},[56,49778,49779],{"class":101},"repeat_text",[56,49781,115],{"class":70},[56,49783,181],{"class":180},[56,49785,49786],{"class":184},"Hi ",[56,49788,181],{"class":180},[56,49790,78],{"class":70},[56,49792,86],{"class":74},[56,49794,1553],{"class":70},[56,49796,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819],{"class":58,"line":11681},[56,49798,112],{"class":111},[56,49800,115],{"class":70},[56,49802,49779],{"class":101},[56,49804,115],{"class":70},[56,49806,181],{"class":180},[56,49808,49786],{"class":184},[56,49810,181],{"class":180},[56,49812,78],{"class":70},[56,49814,191],{"class":180},[56,49816,901],{"class":184},[56,49818,181],{"class":180},[56,49820,1553],{"class":70},[20,49822,241],{},[47,49824,49826],{"className":49,"code":49825,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49827,49828,49833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49829,49830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49831,49832],{"class":62},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[56,49834,49835],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49836,49837],{"class":62},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49839,49840],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1030,49842,49844],{"id":49843},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[47,49846,49848],{"className":49,"code":49847,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49849,49850,49882,49886,49902,49917,49934],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49851,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49853,2544],{"class":62},[56,49855,67],{"class":66},[56,49857,71],{"class":70},[56,49859,181],{"class":180},[56,49861,36],{"class":184},[56,49863,181],{"class":180},[56,49865,78],{"class":70},[56,49867,191],{"class":180},[56,49869,194],{"class":184},[56,49871,181],{"class":180},[56,49873,78],{"class":70},[56,49875,191],{"class":180},[56,49877,203],{"class":184},[56,49879,181],{"class":180},[56,49881,89],{"class":70},[56,49883,49884],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49885,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49889,7087],{"class":3965},[56,49891,49694],{"class":111},[56,49893,115],{"class":70},[56,49895,2570],{"class":101},[56,49897,78],{"class":70},[56,49899,48985],{"class":1545},[56,49901,8431],{"class":70},[56,49903,49904,49906,49908,49910,49913,49915],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,49905,8160],{"class":111},[56,49907,115],{"class":70},[56,49909,181],{"class":180},[56,49911,49912],{"class":184},"This is text",[56,49914,181],{"class":180},[56,49916,238],{"class":70},[56,49918,49919,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,49920,49921],{"class":3965},"elif",[56,49923,49694],{"class":111},[56,49925,115],{"class":70},[56,49927,2570],{"class":101},[56,49929,78],{"class":70},[56,49931,1878],{"class":1545},[56,49933,8431],{"class":70},[56,49935,49936,49938,49940,49942,49945,49947],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,49937,8160],{"class":111},[56,49939,115],{"class":70},[56,49941,181],{"class":180},[56,49943,49944],{"class":184},"This is a list",[56,49946,181],{"class":180},[56,49948,238],{"class":70},[20,49950,241],{},[47,49952,49954],{"className":49,"code":49953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a list\n",[15,49955,49956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49957,49958,49961,49963,49965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49959,49960],{"class":62},"This ",[56,49962,12277],{"class":66},[56,49964,44625],{"class":62},[56,49966,49967],{"class":1545},"list\n",[1030,49969,49971],{"id":49970},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[47,49973,49975],{"className":49,"code":49974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49976,49977,49989,49993,50009,50023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49978,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49980,2544],{"class":62},[56,49982,67],{"class":66},[56,49984,191],{"class":180},[56,49986,46606],{"class":184},[56,49988,1476],{"class":180},[56,49990,49991],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,49992,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,49994,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,49996,7087],{"class":3965},[56,49998,49694],{"class":111},[56,50000,115],{"class":70},[56,50002,2570],{"class":101},[56,50004,78],{"class":70},[56,50006,48985],{"class":1545},[56,50008,8431],{"class":70},[56,50010,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50012,41970],{"class":62},[56,50014,67],{"class":66},[56,50016,45357],{"class":1545},[56,50018,115],{"class":70},[56,50020,2570],{"class":101},[56,50022,238],{"class":70},[56,50024,50025,50027,50029,50031],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,50026,8160],{"class":111},[56,50028,115],{"class":70},[56,50030,2337],{"class":101},[56,50032,238],{"class":70},[20,50034,241],{},[47,50036,50037],{"className":49,"code":46692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50038,50039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50040,50041],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50042,46692],{"class":74},[20,50044,50045],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1030,50047,50049],{"id":50048},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[47,50051,50053],{"className":49,"code":50052,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50054,50055,50079,50083,50099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50056,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50058,2544],{"class":62},[56,50060,67],{"class":66},[56,50062,10579],{"class":70},[56,50064,181],{"class":180},[56,50066,7759],{"class":184},[56,50068,181],{"class":180},[56,50070,141],{"class":70},[56,50072,191],{"class":180},[56,50074,12961],{"class":184},[56,50076,181],{"class":180},[56,50078,9397],{"class":70},[56,50080,50081],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50082,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,50084,50085,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50086,7087],{"class":3965},[56,50088,49694],{"class":111},[56,50090,115],{"class":70},[56,50092,2570],{"class":101},[56,50094,78],{"class":70},[56,50096,9258],{"class":1545},[56,50098,8431],{"class":70},[56,50100,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113,50115],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50102,8160],{"class":111},[56,50104,115],{"class":70},[56,50106,2570],{"class":101},[56,50108,251],{"class":70},[56,50110,181],{"class":180},[56,50112,7759],{"class":184},[56,50114,181],{"class":180},[56,50116,1607],{"class":70},[20,50118,241],{},[47,50120,50122],{"className":49,"code":50121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n",[15,50123,50124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50125,50126],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50127,50121],{"class":62},[20,50129,50130,50131,50133],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50132,3103],{}," messages later.",[42,50135,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,50137,50139,50140,11180,50143],{"id":50138},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50141,50142],{},"\"int\"",[15,50144,2286],{},[20,50146,16724],{},[47,50148,50150],{"className":49,"code":50149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50151,50152,50160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50153,50154,50156,50158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50155,2544],{"class":62},[56,50157,67],{"class":66},[56,50159,2685],{"class":74},[56,50161,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50163,112],{"class":111},[56,50165,115],{"class":70},[56,50167,48956],{"class":111},[56,50169,115],{"class":70},[56,50171,2570],{"class":101},[56,50173,78],{"class":70},[56,50175,191],{"class":180},[56,50177,2286],{"class":184},[56,50179,181],{"class":180},[56,50181,1553],{"class":70},[20,50183,50184,50186],{},[15,50185,50142],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50188,16736],{},[47,50190,50191],{"className":49,"code":49600,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50192,50193,50201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50194,50195,50197,50199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50196,2544],{"class":62},[56,50198,67],{"class":66},[56,50200,2685],{"class":74},[56,50202,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50204,112],{"class":111},[56,50206,115],{"class":70},[56,50208,48956],{"class":111},[56,50210,115],{"class":70},[56,50212,2570],{"class":101},[56,50214,78],{"class":70},[56,50216,45357],{"class":1545},[56,50218,1553],{"class":70},[1030,50220,50222],{"id":50221},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50224,16724],{},[47,50226,50228],{"className":49,"code":50227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50229,50230,50238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50231,50232,50234,50236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50233,2544],{"class":62},[56,50235,67],{"class":66},[56,50237,34922],{"class":74},[56,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50241,112],{"class":111},[56,50243,115],{"class":70},[56,50245,48956],{"class":111},[56,50247,115],{"class":70},[56,50249,2570],{"class":101},[56,50251,78],{"class":70},[56,50253,71],{"class":70},[56,50255,2286],{"class":1545},[56,50257,78],{"class":70},[56,50259,40335],{"class":1545},[56,50261,3097],{"class":70},[20,50263,50264],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50266,16736],{},[47,50268,50270],{"className":49,"code":50269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50271,50272,50280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50273,50274,50276,50278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50275,2544],{"class":62},[56,50277,67],{"class":66},[56,50279,34922],{"class":74},[56,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50283,112],{"class":111},[56,50285,115],{"class":70},[56,50287,48956],{"class":111},[56,50289,115],{"class":70},[56,50291,2570],{"class":101},[56,50293,78],{"class":70},[56,50295,9324],{"class":70},[56,50297,2286],{"class":1545},[56,50299,78],{"class":70},[56,50301,40335],{"class":1545},[56,50303,3010],{"class":70},[1030,50305,25856,50307,50309],{"id":50306},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50308,44886],{}," converts a value",[20,50311,18993],{},[47,50313,50315],{"className":49,"code":50314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50316,50317,50330,50348,50352],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50318,50319,50321,50323,50325,50328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50320,2544],{"class":62},[56,50322,67],{"class":66},[56,50324,191],{"class":180},[56,50326,50327],{"class":184},"123",[56,50329,1476],{"class":180},[56,50331,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50333,1156],{"class":62},[56,50335,67],{"class":66},[56,50337,49694],{"class":111},[56,50339,115],{"class":70},[56,50341,2570],{"class":101},[56,50343,78],{"class":70},[56,50345,45357],{"class":1545},[56,50347,238],{"class":70},[56,50349,50350],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50351,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,50353,50354,50356,50358,50360],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50355,112],{"class":111},[56,50357,115],{"class":70},[56,50359,1190],{"class":101},[56,50361,238],{"class":70},[20,50363,241],{},[47,50365,50366],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,50367,50368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50369,50370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50371,4129],{"class":893},[20,50373,50374,50375,50378,50379,50381],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50376,50377],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50380,50327],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50383,50384,50385,6720],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50386,50387],{},"int(value)",[1030,50389,50391],{"id":50390},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50393,50394,50396],{},[15,50395,44886],{}," does not modify anything.",[47,50398,50400],{"className":49,"code":50399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50401,50402,50414,50418,50436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50403,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50405,2544],{"class":62},[56,50407,67],{"class":66},[56,50409,191],{"class":180},[56,50411,13636],{"class":184},[56,50413,1476],{"class":180},[56,50415,50416],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50417,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,50419,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50421,112],{"class":111},[56,50423,115],{"class":70},[56,50425,48956],{"class":111},[56,50427,115],{"class":70},[56,50429,2570],{"class":101},[56,50431,78],{"class":70},[56,50433,48985],{"class":1545},[56,50435,1553],{"class":70},[56,50437,50438,50440,50442,50444],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50439,112],{"class":111},[56,50441,115],{"class":70},[56,50443,2570],{"class":101},[56,50445,238],{"class":70},[20,50447,241],{},[47,50449,50451],{"className":49,"code":50450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n100\n",[15,50452,50453,50457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50454,50455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50456,4068],{"class":893},[56,50458,50459],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50460,47343],{"class":74},[20,50462,50463],{},"The value stays the same.",[42,50465,26024],{"id":26023},[20,50467,50468],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[47,50470,50472],{"className":49,"code":50471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50473,50474,50488,50506,50530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50475,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50477,112],{"class":111},[56,50479,115],{"class":70},[56,50481,1546],{"class":1545},[56,50483,115],{"class":70},[56,50485,2570],{"class":101},[56,50487,1553],{"class":70},[56,50489,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50491,112],{"class":111},[56,50493,115],{"class":70},[56,50495,48956],{"class":111},[56,50497,115],{"class":70},[56,50499,2570],{"class":101},[56,50501,78],{"class":70},[56,50503,45357],{"class":1545},[56,50505,1553],{"class":70},[56,50507,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50509,112],{"class":111},[56,50511,115],{"class":70},[56,50513,48956],{"class":111},[56,50515,115],{"class":70},[56,50517,2570],{"class":101},[56,50519,78],{"class":70},[56,50521,9324],{"class":70},[56,50523,2286],{"class":1545},[56,50525,78],{"class":70},[56,50527,40335],{"class":1545},[56,50529,3010],{"class":70},[56,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50533,112],{"class":111},[56,50535,115],{"class":70},[56,50537,41859],{"class":111},[56,50539,115],{"class":70},[56,50541,2570],{"class":101},[56,50543,1553],{"class":70},[20,50545,50546],{},"These can help when:",[143,50548,50549,50552,50557,50560],{},[146,50550,50551],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[146,50553,50554,50555],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50556,3103],{},[146,50558,50559],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[146,50561,50562,50563,50565],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50564,44886],{}," is invalid",[20,50567,50568],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[143,50570,50571,50585,50591,50596],{},[146,50572,50573,50574,2976,50577,50580,50581,2976,50583],{},"using ",[15,50575,50576],{},"'int'",[15,50578,50579],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50582,2286],{},[15,50584,3538],{},[146,50586,50587,50588,50590],{},"expecting ",[15,50589,44886],{}," to convert a value",[146,50592,50573,50593,50595],{},[15,50594,2399],{}," when inherited types should also match",[146,50597,50598],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50600,50601,50602,98],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[36,50603,50605,50606],{"href":50604},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50607,50608],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[42,50610,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,50612,5230,50614,5233],{"id":50613},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50615,44886],{},[20,50617,5236,50618,50620,50621,98],{},[15,50619,3698],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50622,3764],{},[1030,50624,5258,50626,50628],{"id":50625},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50627,44886],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50630,50631,50632,98],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50633,50634],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1030,50636,5268,50638,4480,50640,1911],{"id":50637},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50639,44886],{},[15,50641,2399],{},[20,50643,50644,50646,50647,50649],{},[15,50645,2399],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50648,44886],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1030,50651,1892,50653,50655],{"id":50652},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50654,44886],{}," convert a value?",[20,50657,50658],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[42,50660,1996],{"id":1995},[143,50662,50663,50669,50673,50678,50683],{},[146,50664,50665],{},[36,50666,2009,50667,2012],{"href":2396},[15,50668,2399],{},[146,50670,50671],{},[36,50672,44878],{"href":49059},[146,50674,50675],{},[36,50676,50677],{"href":3060},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[146,50679,50680],{},[36,50681,50682],{"href":49062},"What is a data type in Python?",[146,50684,50685],{},[36,50686,50605,50687],{"href":50604},[15,50688,50608],{},[2028,50690,50691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":50693},[50694,50695,50697,50700,50704,50705,50710,50716,50724,50725,50735],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":48998,"depth":92,"text":50696},"What isinstance() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":50698},[50699],{"id":49090,"depth":108,"text":49091},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425,"children":50701},[50702,50703],{"id":49178,"depth":108,"text":49179},{"id":49249,"depth":108,"text":49250},{"id":49336,"depth":92,"text":49337},{"id":49533,"depth":92,"text":50706,"children":50707},"isinstance() vs type()",[50708,50709],{"id":49549,"depth":108,"text":49552},{"id":49591,"depth":108,"text":49594},{"id":49652,"depth":92,"text":49653,"children":50711},[50712,50713,50714,50715],{"id":49661,"depth":108,"text":49662},{"id":49843,"depth":108,"text":49844},{"id":49970,"depth":108,"text":49971},{"id":50048,"depth":108,"text":50049},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":50717},[50718,50720,50721,50723],{"id":50138,"depth":108,"text":50719},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50221,"depth":108,"text":50222},{"id":50306,"depth":108,"text":50722},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50390,"depth":108,"text":50391},{"id":26023,"depth":92,"text":26024},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":50726},[50727,50729,50731,50733],{"id":50613,"depth":108,"text":50728},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50625,"depth":108,"text":50730},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50637,"depth":108,"text":50732},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50652,"depth":108,"text":50734},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48899,"description":50736},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50742,"title":50743,"body":50744,"description":52716,"extension":2062,"meta":52717,"navigation":600,"path":52718,"seo":52719,"stem":52720,"__hash__":52721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50745,"toc":52691},[50746,50749,50754,50759,50773,50776,50778,50853,50858,50862,50867,50870,50884,50886,51051,51064,51066,51068,51083,51086,51089,51102,51104,51202,51206,51212,51215,51224,51226,51261,51266,51287,51292,51297,51329,51332,51389,51393,51399,51402,51455,51457,51497,51500,51568,51571,51622,51629,51633,51639,51724,51730,51736,51785,51788,51791,51841,51843,51848,51852,51902,51906,51953,51957,52034,52038,52103,52106,52110,52115,52120,52132,52134,52153,52159,52162,52181,52186,52213,52220,52224,52230,52233,52328,52331,52334,52383,52388,52390,52394,52429,52432,52489,52499,52502,52536,52539,52541,52545,52548,52552,52555,52559,52562,52566,52579,52583,52588,52590,52640,52652,52654,52688],[10,50747,50743],{"id":50748},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50750,9210,50751,50753],{},[15,50752,42440],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50755,35486,50756,50758],{},[15,50757,42440],{}," to count:",[143,50760,50761,50764,50767,50770],{},[146,50762,50763],{},"characters in a string",[146,50765,50766],{},"items in a list or tuple",[146,50768,50769],{},"keys in a dictionary",[146,50771,50772],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50774,50775],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[42,50777,2104],{"id":2103},[47,50779,50781],{"className":49,"code":50780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50782,50783,50795,50815,50819,50836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50784,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50786,1466],{"class":62},[56,50788,67],{"class":66},[56,50790,191],{"class":180},[56,50792,1473],{"class":184},[56,50794,1476],{"class":180},[56,50796,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50798,7871],{"class":62},[56,50800,67],{"class":66},[56,50802,71],{"class":70},[56,50804,444],{"class":74},[56,50806,78],{"class":70},[56,50808,449],{"class":74},[56,50810,78],{"class":70},[56,50812,454],{"class":74},[56,50814,89],{"class":70},[56,50816,50817],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50818,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,50820,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50822,112],{"class":111},[56,50824,115],{"class":70},[56,50826,11250],{"class":111},[56,50828,115],{"class":70},[56,50830,1481],{"class":101},[56,50832,5451],{"class":70},[56,50834,50835],{"class":123},"   # 5\n",[56,50837,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,50839,112],{"class":111},[56,50841,115],{"class":70},[56,50843,11250],{"class":111},[56,50845,115],{"class":70},[56,50847,7900],{"class":101},[56,50849,5451],{"class":70},[56,50851,50852],{"class":123},"  # 3\n",[20,50854,650,50855,50857],{},[15,50856,42440],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[42,50859,50861],{"id":50860},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50863,50864,50866],{},[15,50865,42440],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50868,50869],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[143,50871,50872,50875,50878,50881],{},[146,50873,50874],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[146,50876,50877],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[146,50879,50880],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[146,50882,50883],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50885,163],{},[47,50887,50889],{"className":49,"code":50888,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50890,50891,50903,50927,50959,50979,50983,51000,51017,51034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50894,7967],{"class":62},[56,50896,67],{"class":66},[56,50898,191],{"class":180},[56,50900,7768],{"class":184},[56,50902,1476],{"class":180},[56,50904,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,50906,63],{"class":62},[56,50908,67],{"class":66},[56,50910,71],{"class":70},[56,50912,444],{"class":74},[56,50914,78],{"class":70},[56,50916,449],{"class":74},[56,50918,78],{"class":70},[56,50920,454],{"class":74},[56,50922,78],{"class":70},[56,50924,459],{"class":74},[56,50926,89],{"class":70},[56,50928,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,50930,9253],{"class":62},[56,50932,67],{"class":66},[56,50934,10579],{"class":70},[56,50936,181],{"class":180},[56,50938,36],{"class":184},[56,50940,181],{"class":180},[56,50942,141],{"class":70},[56,50944,910],{"class":74},[56,50946,78],{"class":70},[56,50948,191],{"class":180},[56,50950,194],{"class":184},[56,50952,181],{"class":180},[56,50954,141],{"class":70},[56,50956,81],{"class":74},[56,50958,9397],{"class":70},[56,50960,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,50962,3912],{"class":62},[56,50964,67],{"class":66},[56,50966,10579],{"class":70},[56,50968,2235],{"class":74},[56,50970,78],{"class":70},[56,50972,37722],{"class":74},[56,50974,78],{"class":70},[56,50976,6084],{"class":74},[56,50978,9397],{"class":70},[56,50980,50981],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,50982,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,50984,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,50986,112],{"class":111},[56,50988,115],{"class":70},[56,50990,11250],{"class":111},[56,50992,115],{"class":70},[56,50994,7759],{"class":101},[56,50996,5451],{"class":70},[56,50998,50999],{"class":123},"     # 3\n",[56,51001,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,51003,112],{"class":111},[56,51005,115],{"class":70},[56,51007,11250],{"class":111},[56,51009,115],{"class":70},[56,51011,95],{"class":101},[56,51013,5451],{"class":70},[56,51015,51016],{"class":123},"  # 4\n",[56,51018,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,51020,112],{"class":111},[56,51022,115],{"class":70},[56,51024,11250],{"class":111},[56,51026,115],{"class":70},[56,51028,9292],{"class":101},[56,51030,5451],{"class":70},[56,51032,51033],{"class":123},"     # 2\n",[56,51035,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,51037,112],{"class":111},[56,51039,115],{"class":70},[56,51041,11250],{"class":111},[56,51043,115],{"class":70},[56,51045,5448],{"class":101},[56,51047,5451],{"class":70},[56,51049,51050],{"class":123},"   # 3\n",[20,51052,51053,51054,2287,51058,17153,51062,98],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[36,51055,51057],{"href":51056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[36,51059,51061],{"href":51060},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[36,51063,9243],{"href":9242},[42,51065,289],{"id":288},[20,51067,292],{},[47,51069,51071],{"className":49,"code":51070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(object)\n",[15,51072,51073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51074,51075,51077,51079,51081],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51076,11250],{"class":111},[56,51078,115],{"class":70},[56,51080,42478],{"class":1545},[56,51082,238],{"class":70},[20,51084,51085],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51087,51088],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[143,51090,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099],{},[146,51092,37986],{},[146,51094,37980],{},[146,51096,37983],{},[146,51098,37989],{},[146,51100,51101],{},"a dictionary",[20,51103,163],{},[47,51105,51107],{"className":49,"code":51106,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51108,51109,51130,51154,51176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51110,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51112,112],{"class":111},[56,51114,115],{"class":70},[56,51116,11250],{"class":111},[56,51118,115],{"class":70},[56,51120,181],{"class":180},[56,51122,51],{"class":184},[56,51124,181],{"class":180},[56,51126,5451],{"class":70},[56,51128,51129],{"class":123},"      # 6\n",[56,51131,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51133,112],{"class":111},[56,51135,115],{"class":70},[56,51137,11250],{"class":111},[56,51139,3084],{"class":70},[56,51141,75],{"class":74},[56,51143,78],{"class":70},[56,51145,81],{"class":74},[56,51147,78],{"class":70},[56,51149,86],{"class":74},[56,51151,4823],{"class":70},[56,51153,50999],{"class":123},[56,51155,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51173],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51157,112],{"class":111},[56,51159,115],{"class":70},[56,51161,11250],{"class":111},[56,51163,5600],{"class":70},[56,51165,444],{"class":74},[56,51167,78],{"class":70},[56,51169,449],{"class":74},[56,51171,51172],{"class":70},")))",[56,51174,51175],{"class":123},"      # 2\n",[56,51177,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51199],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51179,112],{"class":111},[56,51181,115],{"class":70},[56,51183,11250],{"class":111},[56,51185,5619],{"class":70},[56,51187,181],{"class":180},[56,51189,2271],{"class":184},[56,51191,181],{"class":180},[56,51193,141],{"class":70},[56,51195,910],{"class":74},[56,51197,51198],{"class":70},"}))",[56,51200,51201],{"class":123},"      # 1\n",[42,51203,51205],{"id":51204},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51207,51208,51209,51211],{},"When you use ",[15,51210,42440],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51213,51214],{},"That includes:",[143,51216,51217,51219,51221],{},[146,51218,221],{},[146,51220,10540],{},[146,51222,51223],{},"punctuation",[20,51225,163],{},[47,51227,51229],{"className":49,"code":51228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51230,51231,51244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51232,51233,51235,51237,51239,51242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51234,1466],{"class":62},[56,51236,67],{"class":66},[56,51238,191],{"class":180},[56,51240,51241],{"class":184},"Hi there!",[56,51243,1476],{"class":180},[56,51245,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51247,112],{"class":111},[56,51249,115],{"class":70},[56,51251,11250],{"class":111},[56,51253,115],{"class":70},[56,51255,1481],{"class":101},[56,51257,5451],{"class":70},[56,51259,51260],{"class":123},"  # 9\n",[20,51262,51263,51264,1911],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51265,2243],{},[143,51267,51268,51274,51278,51281],{},[146,51269,51270,51273],{},[15,51271,51272],{},"H"," = 1",[146,51275,51276,51273],{},[15,51277,36234],{},[146,51279,51280],{},"space = 1",[146,51282,51283,51286],{},[15,51284,51285],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51288,51289,51290],{},"Total: ",[15,51291,2243],{},[20,51293,51294,51295,141],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51296,2218],{},[47,51298,51300],{"className":49,"code":51299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51301,51302,51311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51303,51304,51307,51309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51305,51306],{"class":62},"empty_text ",[56,51308,67],{"class":66},[56,51310,7972],{"class":180},[56,51312,51313,51315,51317,51319,51321,51324,51326],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51314,112],{"class":111},[56,51316,115],{"class":70},[56,51318,11250],{"class":111},[56,51320,115],{"class":70},[56,51322,51323],{"class":101},"empty_text",[56,51325,5451],{"class":70},[56,51327,51328],{"class":123},"  # 0\n",[20,51330,51331],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[47,51333,51335],{"className":49,"code":51334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51336,51337,51350,51354,51374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51338,51339,51342,51344,51346,51348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51340,51341],{"class":62},"user_name ",[56,51343,67],{"class":66},[56,51345,191],{"class":180},[56,51347,5091],{"class":184},[56,51349,1476],{"class":180},[56,51351,51352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51353,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51355,51356,51358,51360,51362,51365,51367,51370,51372],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51357,7087],{"class":3965},[56,51359,38465],{"class":111},[56,51361,115],{"class":70},[56,51363,51364],{"class":101},"user_name",[56,51366,120],{"class":70},[56,51368,51369],{"class":66}," >=",[56,51371,86],{"class":74},[56,51373,6484],{"class":70},[56,51375,51376,51378,51380,51382,51385,51387],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51377,8160],{"class":111},[56,51379,115],{"class":70},[56,51381,181],{"class":180},[56,51383,51384],{"class":184},"Name is long enough",[56,51386,181],{"class":180},[56,51388,238],{"class":70},[42,51390,51392],{"id":51391},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51394,51395,51396,51398],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51397,42440],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51400,51401],{},"Example with a list:",[47,51403,51405],{"className":49,"code":51404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51406,51407,51439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51408,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51410,334],{"class":62},[56,51412,67],{"class":66},[56,51414,71],{"class":70},[56,51416,181],{"class":180},[56,51418,343],{"class":184},[56,51420,181],{"class":180},[56,51422,78],{"class":70},[56,51424,191],{"class":180},[56,51426,352],{"class":184},[56,51428,181],{"class":180},[56,51430,78],{"class":70},[56,51432,191],{"class":180},[56,51434,361],{"class":184},[56,51436,181],{"class":180},[56,51438,89],{"class":70},[56,51440,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51442,112],{"class":111},[56,51444,115],{"class":70},[56,51446,11250],{"class":111},[56,51448,115],{"class":70},[56,51450,370],{"class":101},[56,51452,5451],{"class":70},[56,51454,50852],{"class":123},[20,51456,37995],{},[47,51458,51460],{"className":49,"code":51459,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51461,51462,51479],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51463,51464,51467,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51465,51466],{"class":62},"point ",[56,51468,67],{"class":66},[56,51470,9324],{"class":70},[56,51472,444],{"class":74},[56,51474,78],{"class":70},[56,51476,449],{"class":74},[56,51478,238],{"class":70},[56,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51492,51494],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51482,112],{"class":111},[56,51484,115],{"class":70},[56,51486,11250],{"class":111},[56,51488,115],{"class":70},[56,51490,51491],{"class":101},"point",[56,51493,5451],{"class":70},[56,51495,51496],{"class":123},"  # 2\n",[20,51498,51499],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[47,51501,51503],{"className":49,"code":51502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51504,51505,51529,51533,51551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51506,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51508,7871],{"class":62},[56,51510,67],{"class":66},[56,51512,71],{"class":70},[56,51514,181],{"class":180},[56,51516,562],{"class":184},[56,51518,181],{"class":180},[56,51520,78],{"class":70},[56,51522,191],{"class":180},[56,51524,571],{"class":184},[56,51526,181],{"class":180},[56,51528,89],{"class":70},[56,51530,51531],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51532,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51534,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51536,7087],{"class":3965},[56,51538,38465],{"class":111},[56,51540,115],{"class":70},[56,51542,7900],{"class":101},[56,51544,120],{"class":70},[56,51546,38475],{"class":66},[56,51548,910],{"class":74},[56,51550,6484],{"class":70},[56,51552,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51554,8160],{"class":111},[56,51556,115],{"class":70},[56,51558,7900],{"class":101},[56,51560,251],{"class":70},[56,51562,75],{"class":74},[56,51564,20526],{"class":70},[56,51566,51567],{"class":123},"  # banana\n",[20,51569,51570],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[47,51572,51574],{"className":49,"code":51573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51575,51576,51599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51577,51578,51580,51582,51584,51587,51589,51592,51594,51597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51579,5151],{"class":62},[56,51581,67],{"class":66},[56,51583,71],{"class":70},[56,51585,51586],{"class":74},"88",[56,51588,78],{"class":70},[56,51590,51591],{"class":74}," 91",[56,51593,78],{"class":70},[56,51595,51596],{"class":74}," 75",[56,51598,89],{"class":70},[56,51600,51601,51603,51605,51607,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618,51620],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51602,112],{"class":111},[56,51604,115],{"class":70},[56,51606,181],{"class":180},[56,51608,51609],{"class":184},"Number of scores:",[56,51611,181],{"class":180},[56,51613,78],{"class":70},[56,51615,38465],{"class":111},[56,51617,115],{"class":70},[56,51619,16469],{"class":101},[56,51621,1553],{"class":70},[20,51623,51624,51625,98],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[36,51626,51628],{"href":51627},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[42,51630,51632],{"id":51631},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51634,51635,51636,51638],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51637,42440],{}," counts keys.",[47,51640,51642],{"className":49,"code":51641,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51643,51644,51652,51670,51684,51700,51704,51708],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51645,51646,51648,51650],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51647,12944],{"class":62},[56,51649,67],{"class":66},[56,51651,11579],{"class":70},[56,51653,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51655,11584],{"class":180},[56,51657,7759],{"class":184},[56,51659,181],{"class":180},[56,51661,141],{"class":70},[56,51663,191],{"class":180},[56,51665,8012],{"class":184},[56,51667,181],{"class":180},[56,51669,11600],{"class":70},[56,51671,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51673,11584],{"class":180},[56,51675,9387],{"class":184},[56,51677,181],{"class":180},[56,51679,141],{"class":70},[56,51681,31025],{"class":74},[56,51683,11600],{"class":70},[56,51685,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696,51698],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51687,11584],{"class":180},[56,51689,19971],{"class":184},[56,51691,181],{"class":180},[56,51693,141],{"class":70},[56,51695,191],{"class":180},[56,51697,22326],{"class":184},[56,51699,1476],{"class":180},[56,51701,51702],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,51703,9397],{"class":70},[56,51705,51706],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,51707,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51709,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,51711,112],{"class":111},[56,51713,115],{"class":70},[56,51715,11250],{"class":111},[56,51717,115],{"class":70},[56,51719,13704],{"class":101},[56,51721,5451],{"class":70},[56,51723,50852],{"class":123},[20,51725,51726,51727,51729],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51728,42440],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51731,51732,51733,51735],{},"For sets, ",[15,51734,42440],{}," counts unique items:",[47,51737,51739],{"className":49,"code":51738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51740,51741,51769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51742,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51744,63],{"class":62},[56,51746,67],{"class":66},[56,51748,10579],{"class":70},[56,51750,75],{"class":74},[56,51752,78],{"class":70},[56,51754,81],{"class":74},[56,51756,78],{"class":70},[56,51758,86],{"class":74},[56,51760,78],{"class":70},[56,51762,86],{"class":74},[56,51764,78],{"class":70},[56,51766,81],{"class":74},[56,51768,9397],{"class":70},[56,51770,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51772,112],{"class":111},[56,51774,115],{"class":70},[56,51776,11250],{"class":111},[56,51778,115],{"class":70},[56,51780,95],{"class":101},[56,51782,5451],{"class":70},[56,51784,50852],{"class":123},[20,51786,51787],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51789,51790],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[47,51792,51794],{"className":49,"code":51793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51795,51796,51804,51808,51826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51797,51798,51800,51802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51799,9253],{"class":62},[56,51801,67],{"class":66},[56,51803,9926],{"class":70},[56,51805,51806],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51807,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51809,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51811,7087],{"class":3965},[56,51813,38465],{"class":111},[56,51815,115],{"class":70},[56,51817,9292],{"class":101},[56,51819,120],{"class":70},[56,51821,6499],{"class":66},[56,51823,3923],{"class":74},[56,51825,6484],{"class":70},[56,51827,51828,51830,51832,51834,51837,51839],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51829,8160],{"class":111},[56,51831,115],{"class":70},[56,51833,181],{"class":180},[56,51835,51836],{"class":184},"The dictionary is empty",[56,51838,181],{"class":180},[56,51840,238],{"class":70},[42,51842,41125],{"id":41124},[20,51844,51845,51846,98],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51847,42440],{},[1030,51849,51851],{"id":51850},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[47,51853,51855],{"className":49,"code":51854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51856,51857,51865,51869,51887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51858,51859,51861,51863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51860,7871],{"class":62},[56,51862,67],{"class":66},[56,51864,7929],{"class":70},[56,51866,51867],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51868,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51870,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51872,7087],{"class":3965},[56,51874,38465],{"class":111},[56,51876,115],{"class":70},[56,51878,7900],{"class":101},[56,51880,120],{"class":70},[56,51882,6499],{"class":66},[56,51884,3923],{"class":74},[56,51886,6484],{"class":70},[56,51888,51889,51891,51893,51895,51898,51900],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,51890,8160],{"class":111},[56,51892,115],{"class":70},[56,51894,181],{"class":180},[56,51896,51897],{"class":184},"The list is empty",[56,51899,181],{"class":180},[56,51901,238],{"class":70},[1030,51903,51905],{"id":51904},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[47,51907,51909],{"className":49,"code":51908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51910,51911,51930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51912,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51926,51928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51914,6244],{"class":62},[56,51916,67],{"class":66},[56,51918,8333],{"class":111},[56,51920,115],{"class":70},[56,51922,181],{"class":180},[56,51924,51925],{"class":184},"Enter a word: ",[56,51927,181],{"class":180},[56,51929,238],{"class":70},[56,51931,51932,51934,51936,51938,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51933,112],{"class":111},[56,51935,115],{"class":70},[56,51937,181],{"class":180},[56,51939,51940],{"class":184},"Number of characters:",[56,51942,181],{"class":180},[56,51944,78],{"class":70},[56,51946,38465],{"class":111},[56,51948,115],{"class":70},[56,51950,38470],{"class":101},[56,51952,1553],{"class":70},[1030,51954,51956],{"id":51955},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[47,51958,51960],{"className":49,"code":51959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51961,51962,51976,51980,51998,52013,52019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51963,51964,51967,51969,51971,51974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51965,51966],{"class":62},"password ",[56,51968,67],{"class":66},[56,51970,191],{"class":180},[56,51972,51973],{"class":184},"secret123",[56,51975,1476],{"class":180},[56,51977,51978],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,51979,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,51981,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994,51996],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,51983,7087],{"class":3965},[56,51985,38465],{"class":111},[56,51987,115],{"class":70},[56,51989,17701],{"class":101},[56,51991,120],{"class":70},[56,51993,51369],{"class":66},[56,51995,6450],{"class":74},[56,51997,6484],{"class":70},[56,51999,52000,52002,52004,52006,52009,52011],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52001,8160],{"class":111},[56,52003,115],{"class":70},[56,52005,181],{"class":180},[56,52007,52008],{"class":184},"Password length is valid",[56,52010,181],{"class":180},[56,52012,238],{"class":70},[56,52014,52015,52017],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,52016,27516],{"class":3965},[56,52018,6484],{"class":70},[56,52020,52021,52023,52025,52027,52030,52032],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,52022,8160],{"class":111},[56,52024,115],{"class":70},[56,52026,181],{"class":180},[56,52028,52029],{"class":184},"Password is too short",[56,52031,181],{"class":180},[56,52033,238],{"class":70},[1030,52035,52037],{"id":52036},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[47,52039,52041],{"className":49,"code":52040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52042,52043,52079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52044,52045,52048,52050,52052,52054,52057,52059,52061,52063,52066,52068,52070,52072,52075,52077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52046,52047],{"class":62},"results ",[56,52049,67],{"class":66},[56,52051,71],{"class":70},[56,52053,181],{"class":180},[56,52055,52056],{"class":184},"item1",[56,52058,181],{"class":180},[56,52060,78],{"class":70},[56,52062,191],{"class":180},[56,52064,52065],{"class":184},"item2",[56,52067,181],{"class":180},[56,52069,78],{"class":70},[56,52071,191],{"class":180},[56,52073,52074],{"class":184},"item3",[56,52076,181],{"class":180},[56,52078,89],{"class":70},[56,52080,52081,52083,52085,52087,52090,52092,52094,52096,52098,52101],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52082,112],{"class":111},[56,52084,115],{"class":70},[56,52086,181],{"class":180},[56,52088,52089],{"class":184},"Items found:",[56,52091,181],{"class":180},[56,52093,78],{"class":70},[56,52095,38465],{"class":111},[56,52097,115],{"class":70},[56,52099,52100],{"class":101},"results",[56,52102,1553],{"class":70},[20,52104,52105],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[42,52107,52109],{"id":52108},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52111,52112,52114],{},[15,52113,42440],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52116,52117,52118,141],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52119,3103],{},[143,52121,52122,52125,52128],{},[146,52123,52124],{},"plain integers",[146,52126,52127],{},"floats",[146,52129,52130],{},[15,52131,157],{},[20,52133,163],{},[47,52135,52137],{"className":49,"code":52136,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52138,52139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52140,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52142,112],{"class":111},[56,52144,115],{"class":70},[56,52146,11250],{"class":111},[56,52148,115],{"class":70},[56,52150,2235],{"class":74},[56,52152,1553],{"class":70},[20,52154,52155,52156,52158],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52157,2235],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52160,52161],{},"Another example:",[47,52163,52165],{"className":49,"code":52164,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52166,52167],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52168,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177,52179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52170,112],{"class":111},[56,52172,115],{"class":70},[56,52174,11250],{"class":111},[56,52176,115],{"class":70},[56,52178,40223],{"class":74},[56,52180,1553],{"class":70},[20,52182,52183,52184,141],{},"And with ",[15,52185,157],{},[47,52187,52189],{"className":49,"code":52188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52190,52191,52199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52192,52193,52195,52197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52194,2544],{"class":62},[56,52196,67],{"class":66},[56,52198,48608],{"class":893},[56,52200,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209,52211],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52202,112],{"class":111},[56,52204,115],{"class":70},[56,52206,11250],{"class":111},[56,52208,115],{"class":70},[56,52210,2570],{"class":101},[56,52212,1553],{"class":70},[20,52214,52215,52216,98],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[36,52217,52219],{"href":52218},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[42,52221,52223],{"id":52222},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52225,52226,52227,52229],{},"Before using ",[15,52228,42440],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52231,52232],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[47,52234,52236],{"className":49,"code":52235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52237,52238,52246,52250,52260,52274,52292,52310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52239,52240,52242,52244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52241,2544],{"class":62},[56,52243,67],{"class":66},[56,52245,48608],{"class":893},[56,52247,52248],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52249,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,52251,52252,52254,52256,52258],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,52253,112],{"class":111},[56,52255,115],{"class":70},[56,52257,2570],{"class":101},[56,52259,238],{"class":70},[56,52261,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52263,112],{"class":111},[56,52265,115],{"class":70},[56,52267,1546],{"class":1545},[56,52269,115],{"class":70},[56,52271,2570],{"class":101},[56,52273,1553],{"class":70},[56,52275,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,52277,112],{"class":111},[56,52279,115],{"class":70},[56,52281,48956],{"class":111},[56,52283,115],{"class":70},[56,52285,2570],{"class":101},[56,52287,78],{"class":70},[56,52289,48985],{"class":1545},[56,52291,1553],{"class":70},[56,52293,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,52295,112],{"class":111},[56,52297,115],{"class":70},[56,52299,48956],{"class":111},[56,52301,115],{"class":70},[56,52303,2570],{"class":101},[56,52305,78],{"class":70},[56,52307,1878],{"class":1545},[56,52309,1553],{"class":70},[56,52311,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,52313,112],{"class":111},[56,52315,115],{"class":70},[56,52317,48956],{"class":111},[56,52319,115],{"class":70},[56,52321,2570],{"class":101},[56,52323,78],{"class":70},[56,52325,9258],{"class":1545},[56,52327,1553],{"class":70},[20,52329,52330],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52332,52333],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[47,52335,52337],{"className":49,"code":52336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52338,52339,52351,52355,52369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52340,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52342,2544],{"class":62},[56,52344,67],{"class":66},[56,52346,191],{"class":180},[56,52348,1473],{"class":184},[56,52350,1476],{"class":180},[56,52352,52353],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52354,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,52358,7087],{"class":3965},[56,52360,21665],{"class":62},[56,52362,12277],{"class":66},[56,52364,8190],{"class":66},[56,52366,3941],{"class":893},[56,52368,6484],{"class":70},[56,52370,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52372,8160],{"class":111},[56,52374,115],{"class":70},[56,52376,11250],{"class":111},[56,52378,115],{"class":70},[56,52380,2570],{"class":101},[56,52382,1553],{"class":70},[20,52384,52385,52386,98],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[36,52387,8530],{"href":2396},[42,52389,1418],{"id":1417},[20,52391,23175,52392,141],{},[15,52393,42440],{},[143,52395,52396,52404,52412,52420,52426],{},[146,52397,1441,52398,52400,52401],{},[15,52399,42440],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52402,52403],{},"len(5)",[146,52405,1441,52406,52408,52409],{},[15,52407,42440],{}," on a float like ",[15,52410,52411],{},"len(3.14)",[146,52413,1441,52414,52416,52417,52419],{},[15,52415,42440],{}," on ",[15,52418,157],{}," after a function returns nothing",[146,52421,4667,52422,52425],{},[15,52423,52424],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[146,52427,52428],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52430,52431],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[47,52433,52435],{"className":49,"code":52434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52436,52437,52473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52438,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52440,13282],{"class":62},[56,52442,67],{"class":66},[56,52444,10579],{"class":70},[56,52446,181],{"class":180},[56,52448,7759],{"class":184},[56,52450,181],{"class":180},[56,52452,141],{"class":70},[56,52454,191],{"class":180},[56,52456,12961],{"class":184},[56,52458,181],{"class":180},[56,52460,78],{"class":70},[56,52462,191],{"class":180},[56,52464,9387],{"class":184},[56,52466,181],{"class":180},[56,52468,141],{"class":70},[56,52470,449],{"class":74},[56,52472,9397],{"class":70},[56,52474,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52476,112],{"class":111},[56,52478,115],{"class":70},[56,52480,11250],{"class":111},[56,52482,115],{"class":70},[56,52484,17388],{"class":101},[56,52486,5451],{"class":70},[56,52488,51496],{"class":123},[20,52490,37673,52491,52493,52494,4480,52496,98],{},[15,52492,1097],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52495,15319],{},[15,52497,52498],{},"\"age\"",[20,52500,52501],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[47,52503,52505],{"className":49,"code":52504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52506,52507,52520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515,52518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52510,1466],{"class":62},[56,52512,67],{"class":66},[56,52514,191],{"class":180},[56,52516,52517],{"class":184},"a b",[56,52519,1476],{"class":180},[56,52521,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52523,112],{"class":111},[56,52525,115],{"class":70},[56,52527,11250],{"class":111},[56,52529,115],{"class":70},[56,52531,1481],{"class":101},[56,52533,5451],{"class":70},[56,52535,50852],{"class":123},[20,52537,52538],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[42,52540,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,52542,52544],{"id":52543},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52546,52547],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1030,52549,52551],{"id":52550},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52553,52554],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1030,52556,52558],{"id":52557},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52560,52561],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1030,52563,52565],{"id":52564},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52567,52568,52569,52571,52572,2976,52574,52576,52577,98],{},"No. Using ",[15,52570,42440],{}," on an ",[15,52573,2286],{},[15,52575,2290],{}," raises a ",[15,52578,3103],{},[1030,52580,52582],{"id":52581},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52584,7854,52585,98],{},[15,52586,52587],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52589,163],{},[47,52591,52593],{"className":49,"code":52592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52594,52595,52603,52607,52625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52596,52597,52599,52601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52598,1506],{"class":62},[56,52600,67],{"class":66},[56,52602,7929],{"class":70},[56,52604,52605],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52606,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,52608,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,52610,7087],{"class":3965},[56,52612,38465],{"class":111},[56,52614,115],{"class":70},[56,52616,302],{"class":101},[56,52618,120],{"class":70},[56,52620,6499],{"class":66},[56,52622,3923],{"class":74},[56,52624,6484],{"class":70},[56,52626,52627,52629,52631,52633,52636,52638],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52628,8160],{"class":111},[56,52630,115],{"class":70},[56,52632,181],{"class":180},[56,52634,52635],{"class":184},"Empty list",[56,52637,181],{"class":180},[56,52639,238],{"class":70},[20,52641,52642,52643,52645,52646,52648,52649,52651],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52644,3764],{}," in an ",[15,52647,7087],{}," statement, but ",[15,52650,42440],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[42,52653,1996],{"id":1995},[143,52655,52656,52660,52664,52668,52673,52677,52683],{},[146,52657,52658],{},[36,52659,51057],{"href":51056},[146,52661,52662],{},[36,52663,51061],{"href":51060},[146,52665,52666],{},[36,52667,9243],{"href":9242},[146,52669,52670],{},[36,52671,52672],{"href":51627},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[146,52674,52675],{},[36,52676,8530],{"href":2396},[146,52678,52679],{},[36,52680,52682],{"href":52681},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[146,52684,52685],{},[36,52686,52687],{"href":52218},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2028,52689,52690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":52692},[52693,52694,52695,52696,52697,52698,52699,52705,52706,52707,52708,52715],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":50860,"depth":92,"text":50861},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":51204,"depth":92,"text":51205},{"id":51391,"depth":92,"text":51392},{"id":51631,"depth":92,"text":51632},{"id":41124,"depth":92,"text":41125,"children":52700},[52701,52702,52703,52704],{"id":51850,"depth":108,"text":51851},{"id":51904,"depth":108,"text":51905},{"id":51955,"depth":108,"text":51956},{"id":52036,"depth":108,"text":52037},{"id":52108,"depth":92,"text":52109},{"id":52222,"depth":92,"text":52223},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":52709},[52710,52711,52712,52713,52714],{"id":52543,"depth":108,"text":52544},{"id":52550,"depth":108,"text":52551},{"id":52557,"depth":108,"text":52558},{"id":52564,"depth":108,"text":52565},{"id":52581,"depth":108,"text":52582},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50743,"description":52716},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52723,"title":52724,"body":52725,"description":54408,"extension":2062,"meta":54409,"navigation":600,"path":54410,"seo":54411,"stem":54412,"__hash__":54413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52726,"toc":54381},[52727,52730,52744,52750,52752,52806,52811,52815,52831,52834,52848,52854,52856,52859,52878,52894,52896,52971,52973,53010,53021,53023,53026,53087,53089,53122,53125,53131,53135,53138,53263,53265,53324,53332,53385,53387,53414,53420,53430,53434,53437,53442,53494,53496,53522,53528,53582,53584,53609,53612,53636,53642,53644,53648,53650,53707,53709,53717,53719,53740,53742,53795,53797,53821,53825,53827,53866,53868,53876,53882,53886,53938,53940,53966,53974,53978,53983,53992,53994,54060,54062,54094,54098,54103,54105,54119,54122,54195,54197,54223,54225,54229,54236,54240,54247,54251,54254,54256,54309,54311,54337,54341,54350,54352,54378],[10,52728,52724],{"id":52729},"python-list-append-method",[20,52731,2079,52732,52735,52736,52739,52740,52743],{},[15,52733,52734],{},"append()"," method adds ",[540,52737,52738],{},"one item"," to the ",[540,52741,52742],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52745,52746,52747,52749],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[540,52748,931],{}," create a new list.",[42,52751,45],{"id":44},[47,52753,52755],{"className":49,"code":52754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52756,52757,52777,52791,52801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52758,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52760,63],{"class":62},[56,52762,67],{"class":66},[56,52764,71],{"class":70},[56,52766,75],{"class":74},[56,52768,78],{"class":70},[56,52770,81],{"class":74},[56,52772,78],{"class":70},[56,52774,86],{"class":74},[56,52776,89],{"class":70},[56,52778,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52780,95],{"class":62},[56,52782,98],{"class":70},[56,52784,13631],{"class":101},[56,52786,115],{"class":70},[56,52788,2602],{"class":74},[56,52790,238],{"class":70},[56,52792,52793,52795,52797,52799],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,52794,112],{"class":111},[56,52796,115],{"class":70},[56,52798,95],{"class":101},[56,52800,238],{"class":70},[56,52802,52803],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52804,52805],{"class":123},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52807,650,52808,52810],{},[15,52809,52734],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[42,52812,52814],{"id":52813},"what-append-does","What append() does",[143,52816,52817,52822,52825,52828],{},[146,52818,52819,52821],{},[15,52820,52734],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[146,52823,52824],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[146,52826,52827],{},"It does not create a new list",[146,52829,52830],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52832,52833],{},"This means you can append:",[143,52835,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846],{},[146,52837,95],{},[146,52839,5398],{},[146,52841,40674],{},[146,52843,5389],{},[146,52845,7341],{},[146,52847,34743],{},[20,52849,52850,52851,98],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[36,52852,52853],{"href":51060},"Python lists explained for beginners",[42,52855,5521],{"id":5520},[20,52857,52858],{},"Basic form:",[47,52860,52862],{"className":49,"code":52861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52863,52864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52865,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52867,302],{"class":62},[56,52869,98],{"class":70},[56,52871,13631],{"class":101},[56,52873,115],{"class":70},[56,52875,23391],{"class":101},[56,52877,238],{"class":70},[143,52879,52880,52885,52890],{},[146,52881,52882,52884],{},[15,52883,302],{}," is the list you want to change",[146,52886,52887,52889],{},[15,52888,23391],{}," is the value or object to add",[146,52891,11995,52892],{},[15,52893,157],{},[20,52895,163],{},[47,52897,52899],{"className":49,"code":52898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52900,52901,52925,52947,52951,52961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52902,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52904,553],{"class":62},[56,52906,67],{"class":66},[56,52908,71],{"class":70},[56,52910,181],{"class":180},[56,52912,562],{"class":184},[56,52914,181],{"class":180},[56,52916,78],{"class":70},[56,52918,191],{"class":180},[56,52920,571],{"class":184},[56,52922,181],{"class":180},[56,52924,89],{"class":70},[56,52926,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939,52941,52943,52945],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,52928,1156],{"class":62},[56,52930,67],{"class":66},[56,52932,703],{"class":62},[56,52934,98],{"class":70},[56,52936,13631],{"class":101},[56,52938,115],{"class":70},[56,52940,181],{"class":180},[56,52942,33304],{"class":184},[56,52944,181],{"class":180},[56,52946,238],{"class":70},[56,52948,52949],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,52950,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,52952,52953,52955,52957,52959],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,52954,112],{"class":111},[56,52956,115],{"class":70},[56,52958,589],{"class":101},[56,52960,238],{"class":70},[56,52962,52963,52965,52967,52969],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,52964,112],{"class":111},[56,52966,115],{"class":70},[56,52968,1190],{"class":101},[56,52970,238],{"class":70},[20,52972,241],{},[47,52974,52976],{"className":49,"code":52975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52977,52978,53006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52981,251],{"class":70},[56,52983,254],{"class":180},[56,52985,562],{"class":184},[56,52987,254],{"class":180},[56,52989,78],{"class":70},[56,52991,263],{"class":180},[56,52993,571],{"class":184},[56,52995,254],{"class":180},[56,52997,78],{"class":70},[56,52999,263],{"class":180},[56,53001,33304],{"class":184},[56,53003,254],{"class":180},[56,53005,89],{"class":70},[56,53007,53008],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53009,894],{"class":893},[20,53011,53012,53013,53015,53016,53018,53019,98],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53014,52734],{}," updates ",[15,53017,589],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53020,157],{},[42,53022,425],{"id":424},[20,53024,53025],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[47,53027,53029],{"className":49,"code":53028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53030,53031,53055,53073,53077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53032,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53034,334],{"class":62},[56,53036,67],{"class":66},[56,53038,71],{"class":70},[56,53040,181],{"class":180},[56,53042,343],{"class":184},[56,53044,181],{"class":180},[56,53046,78],{"class":70},[56,53048,191],{"class":180},[56,53050,361],{"class":184},[56,53052,181],{"class":180},[56,53054,89],{"class":70},[56,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53058,370],{"class":62},[56,53060,98],{"class":70},[56,53062,13631],{"class":101},[56,53064,115],{"class":70},[56,53066,181],{"class":180},[56,53068,352],{"class":184},[56,53070,181],{"class":180},[56,53072,238],{"class":70},[56,53074,53075],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53076,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53078,53079,53081,53083,53085],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53080,112],{"class":111},[56,53082,115],{"class":70},[56,53084,370],{"class":101},[56,53086,238],{"class":70},[20,53088,241],{},[47,53090,53092],{"className":49,"code":53091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53093,53094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53095,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53097,251],{"class":70},[56,53099,254],{"class":180},[56,53101,343],{"class":184},[56,53103,254],{"class":180},[56,53105,78],{"class":70},[56,53107,263],{"class":180},[56,53109,361],{"class":184},[56,53111,254],{"class":180},[56,53113,78],{"class":70},[56,53115,263],{"class":180},[56,53117,352],{"class":184},[56,53119,254],{"class":180},[56,53121,89],{"class":70},[20,53123,53124],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53126,31165,53127,98],{},[36,53128,53130],{"href":53129},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[42,53132,53134],{"id":53133},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53136,53137],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[47,53139,53141],{"className":49,"code":53140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53142,53143,53151,53155,53169,53187,53201,53227,53249,53253],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53144,53145,53147,53149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53146,7871],{"class":62},[56,53148,67],{"class":66},[56,53150,7929],{"class":70},[56,53152,53153],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53154,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53156,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53158,7900],{"class":62},[56,53160,98],{"class":70},[56,53162,13631],{"class":101},[56,53164,115],{"class":70},[56,53166,444],{"class":74},[56,53168,238],{"class":70},[56,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53172,7900],{"class":62},[56,53174,98],{"class":70},[56,53176,13631],{"class":101},[56,53178,115],{"class":70},[56,53180,181],{"class":180},[56,53182,1473],{"class":184},[56,53184,181],{"class":180},[56,53186,238],{"class":70},[56,53188,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,53190,7900],{"class":62},[56,53192,98],{"class":70},[56,53194,13631],{"class":101},[56,53196,115],{"class":70},[56,53198,3698],{"class":893},[56,53200,238],{"class":70},[56,53202,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,53204,7900],{"class":62},[56,53206,98],{"class":70},[56,53208,13631],{"class":101},[56,53210,5619],{"class":70},[56,53212,181],{"class":180},[56,53214,7759],{"class":184},[56,53216,181],{"class":180},[56,53218,141],{"class":70},[56,53220,191],{"class":180},[56,53222,7768],{"class":184},[56,53224,181],{"class":180},[56,53226,30578],{"class":70},[56,53228,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,53230,7900],{"class":62},[56,53232,98],{"class":70},[56,53234,13631],{"class":101},[56,53236,3084],{"class":70},[56,53238,75],{"class":74},[56,53240,78],{"class":70},[56,53242,81],{"class":74},[56,53244,78],{"class":70},[56,53246,86],{"class":74},[56,53248,1607],{"class":70},[56,53250,53251],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,53252,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53254,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,53256,112],{"class":111},[56,53258,115],{"class":70},[56,53260,7900],{"class":101},[56,53262,238],{"class":70},[20,53264,241],{},[47,53266,53268],{"className":49,"code":53267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53269,53270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53271,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53273,251],{"class":70},[56,53275,444],{"class":74},[56,53277,78],{"class":70},[56,53279,263],{"class":180},[56,53281,1473],{"class":184},[56,53283,254],{"class":180},[56,53285,78],{"class":70},[56,53287,4004],{"class":893},[56,53289,78],{"class":70},[56,53291,10579],{"class":70},[56,53293,254],{"class":180},[56,53295,7759],{"class":184},[56,53297,254],{"class":180},[56,53299,141],{"class":70},[56,53301,263],{"class":180},[56,53303,7768],{"class":184},[56,53305,254],{"class":180},[56,53307,53308],{"class":70},"},",[56,53310,71],{"class":70},[56,53312,75],{"class":74},[56,53314,78],{"class":70},[56,53316,81],{"class":74},[56,53318,78],{"class":70},[56,53320,86],{"class":74},[56,53322,53323],{"class":70},"]]\n",[20,53325,53326,53327,938,53329,98],{},"A list added with ",[15,53328,52734],{},[540,53330,53331],{},"one single item",[47,53333,53335],{"className":49,"code":53334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53336,53337,53353,53371,53375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53338,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53340,63],{"class":62},[56,53342,67],{"class":66},[56,53344,71],{"class":70},[56,53346,75],{"class":74},[56,53348,78],{"class":70},[56,53350,81],{"class":74},[56,53352,89],{"class":70},[56,53354,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53356,95],{"class":62},[56,53358,98],{"class":70},[56,53360,13631],{"class":101},[56,53362,3084],{"class":70},[56,53364,901],{"class":74},[56,53366,78],{"class":70},[56,53368,2554],{"class":74},[56,53370,1607],{"class":70},[56,53372,53373],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53374,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53376,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53378,112],{"class":111},[56,53380,115],{"class":70},[56,53382,95],{"class":101},[56,53384,238],{"class":70},[20,53386,241],{},[47,53388,53390],{"className":49,"code":53389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53391,53392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53393,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53395,251],{"class":70},[56,53397,75],{"class":74},[56,53399,78],{"class":70},[56,53401,81],{"class":74},[56,53403,78],{"class":70},[56,53405,71],{"class":70},[56,53407,901],{"class":74},[56,53409,78],{"class":70},[56,53411,2554],{"class":74},[56,53413,53323],{"class":70},[20,53415,2383,53416,53419],{},[15,53417,53418],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53421,53422,53423,53429],{},"This is different from ",[36,53424,53426],{"href":53425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53427,53428],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[42,53431,53433],{"id":53432},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53435,53436],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1030,53438,1441,53440],{"id":53439},"using-append",[15,53441,52734],{},[47,53443,53444],{"className":49,"code":53334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53445,53446,53462,53480,53484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53447,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53449,63],{"class":62},[56,53451,67],{"class":66},[56,53453,71],{"class":70},[56,53455,75],{"class":74},[56,53457,78],{"class":70},[56,53459,81],{"class":74},[56,53461,89],{"class":70},[56,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53465,95],{"class":62},[56,53467,98],{"class":70},[56,53469,13631],{"class":101},[56,53471,3084],{"class":70},[56,53473,901],{"class":74},[56,53475,78],{"class":70},[56,53477,2554],{"class":74},[56,53479,1607],{"class":70},[56,53481,53482],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53483,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53487,112],{"class":111},[56,53489,115],{"class":70},[56,53491,95],{"class":101},[56,53493,238],{"class":70},[20,53495,241],{},[47,53497,53498],{"className":49,"code":53389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53499,53500],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53501,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53503,251],{"class":70},[56,53505,75],{"class":74},[56,53507,78],{"class":70},[56,53509,81],{"class":74},[56,53511,78],{"class":70},[56,53513,71],{"class":70},[56,53515,901],{"class":74},[56,53517,78],{"class":70},[56,53519,2554],{"class":74},[56,53521,53323],{"class":70},[1030,53523,1441,53525],{"id":53524},"using-extend",[15,53526,53527],{},"extend()",[47,53529,53531],{"className":49,"code":53530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53532,53533,53549,53568,53572],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53536,63],{"class":62},[56,53538,67],{"class":66},[56,53540,71],{"class":70},[56,53542,75],{"class":74},[56,53544,78],{"class":70},[56,53546,81],{"class":74},[56,53548,89],{"class":70},[56,53550,53551,53553,53555,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53552,95],{"class":62},[56,53554,98],{"class":70},[56,53556,53557],{"class":101},"extend",[56,53559,3084],{"class":70},[56,53561,901],{"class":74},[56,53563,78],{"class":70},[56,53565,2554],{"class":74},[56,53567,1607],{"class":70},[56,53569,53570],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53571,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53575,112],{"class":111},[56,53577,115],{"class":70},[56,53579,95],{"class":101},[56,53581,238],{"class":70},[20,53583,241],{},[47,53585,53587],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53588,53589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53590,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53592,251],{"class":70},[56,53594,75],{"class":74},[56,53596,78],{"class":70},[56,53598,81],{"class":74},[56,53600,78],{"class":70},[56,53602,86],{"class":74},[56,53604,78],{"class":70},[56,53606,2554],{"class":74},[56,53608,89],{"class":70},[20,53610,53611],{},"The difference:",[143,53613,53614,53620,53626,53631],{},[146,53615,53616,53619],{},[15,53617,53618],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[146,53621,53622,53625],{},[15,53623,53624],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[146,53627,650,53628,53630],{},[15,53629,52734],{}," for one item",[146,53632,650,53633,53635],{},[15,53634,53527],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53637,53638,53639,98],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[36,53640,53641],{"href":53425},"Python list extend() method",[42,53643,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,53645,53647],{"id":53646},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53649,25772],{},[47,53651,53653],{"className":49,"code":53652,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53654,53655,53675,53693,53697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53656,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53658,7871],{"class":62},[56,53660,67],{"class":66},[56,53662,71],{"class":70},[56,53664,75],{"class":74},[56,53666,78],{"class":70},[56,53668,81],{"class":74},[56,53670,78],{"class":70},[56,53672,86],{"class":74},[56,53674,89],{"class":70},[56,53676,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53678,7871],{"class":62},[56,53680,67],{"class":66},[56,53682,6056],{"class":62},[56,53684,98],{"class":70},[56,53686,13631],{"class":101},[56,53688,115],{"class":70},[56,53690,2602],{"class":74},[56,53692,238],{"class":70},[56,53694,53695],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53696,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53698,53699,53701,53703,53705],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53700,112],{"class":111},[56,53702,115],{"class":70},[56,53704,7900],{"class":101},[56,53706,238],{"class":70},[20,53708,241],{},[47,53710,53711],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53712,53713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53714,53715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53716,894],{"class":893},[20,53718,915],{},[143,53720,53721,53726,53732],{},[146,53722,53723,53725],{},[15,53724,52734],{}," changes the list in place",[146,53727,53728,2494,53730],{},[15,53729,52734],{},[15,53731,157],{},[146,53733,935,53734,53737,53738],{},[15,53735,53736],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53739,157],{},[20,53741,10895],{},[47,53743,53745],{"className":49,"code":53744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53746,53747,53767,53781,53785],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53748,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53750,7871],{"class":62},[56,53752,67],{"class":66},[56,53754,71],{"class":70},[56,53756,75],{"class":74},[56,53758,78],{"class":70},[56,53760,81],{"class":74},[56,53762,78],{"class":70},[56,53764,86],{"class":74},[56,53766,89],{"class":70},[56,53768,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53770,7900],{"class":62},[56,53772,98],{"class":70},[56,53774,13631],{"class":101},[56,53776,115],{"class":70},[56,53778,2602],{"class":74},[56,53780,238],{"class":70},[56,53782,53783],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53784,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53786,53787,53789,53791,53793],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53788,112],{"class":111},[56,53790,115],{"class":70},[56,53792,7900],{"class":101},[56,53794,238],{"class":70},[20,53796,241],{},[47,53798,53799],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53800,53801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53802,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53804,251],{"class":70},[56,53806,75],{"class":74},[56,53808,78],{"class":70},[56,53810,81],{"class":74},[56,53812,78],{"class":70},[56,53814,86],{"class":74},[56,53816,78],{"class":70},[56,53818,2554],{"class":74},[56,53820,89],{"class":70},[1030,53822,53824],{"id":53823},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53826,18993],{},[47,53828,53830],{"className":49,"code":53829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53831,53832,53856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53833,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53835,31965],{"class":62},[56,53837,67],{"class":66},[56,53839,71],{"class":70},[56,53841,75],{"class":74},[56,53843,78],{"class":70},[56,53845,81],{"class":74},[56,53847,13628],{"class":70},[56,53849,13631],{"class":101},[56,53851,115],{"class":70},[56,53853,901],{"class":74},[56,53855,238],{"class":70},[56,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53859,112],{"class":111},[56,53861,115],{"class":70},[56,53863,31984],{"class":101},[56,53865,238],{"class":70},[20,53867,241],{},[47,53869,53870],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53871,53872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53873,53874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53875,894],{"class":893},[20,53877,53878,53879,53881],{},"Remember: ",[15,53880,52734],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1030,53883,53885],{"id":53884},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[47,53887,53888],{"className":49,"code":53334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53889,53890,53906,53924,53928],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53891,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53893,63],{"class":62},[56,53895,67],{"class":66},[56,53897,71],{"class":70},[56,53899,75],{"class":74},[56,53901,78],{"class":70},[56,53903,81],{"class":74},[56,53905,89],{"class":70},[56,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,53909,95],{"class":62},[56,53911,98],{"class":70},[56,53913,13631],{"class":101},[56,53915,3084],{"class":70},[56,53917,901],{"class":74},[56,53919,78],{"class":70},[56,53921,2554],{"class":74},[56,53923,1607],{"class":70},[56,53925,53926],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,53927,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,53929,53930,53932,53934,53936],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,53931,112],{"class":111},[56,53933,115],{"class":70},[56,53935,95],{"class":101},[56,53937,238],{"class":70},[20,53939,241],{},[47,53941,53942],{"className":49,"code":53389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,53943,53944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53945,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53947,251],{"class":70},[56,53949,75],{"class":74},[56,53951,78],{"class":70},[56,53953,81],{"class":74},[56,53955,78],{"class":70},[56,53957,71],{"class":70},[56,53959,901],{"class":74},[56,53961,78],{"class":70},[56,53963,2554],{"class":74},[56,53965,53323],{"class":70},[20,53967,3268,53968,53971,53972,6720],{},[15,53969,53970],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53973,53527],{},[1030,53975,53977],{"id":53976},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53979,53980,53982],{},[15,53981,52734],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53984,53985,53986,98],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[36,53987,53989],{"href":53988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53990,53991],{},"list.insert()",[20,53993,163],{},[47,53995,53997],{"className":49,"code":53996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53998,53999,54023,54046,54050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54000,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54002,173],{"class":62},[56,54004,67],{"class":66},[56,54006,71],{"class":70},[56,54008,181],{"class":180},[56,54010,36],{"class":184},[56,54012,181],{"class":180},[56,54014,78],{"class":70},[56,54016,191],{"class":180},[56,54018,203],{"class":184},[56,54020,181],{"class":180},[56,54022,89],{"class":70},[56,54024,54025,54027,54029,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54026,221],{"class":62},[56,54028,98],{"class":70},[56,54030,54031],{"class":101},"insert",[56,54033,115],{"class":70},[56,54035,75],{"class":74},[56,54037,78],{"class":70},[56,54039,191],{"class":180},[56,54041,194],{"class":184},[56,54043,181],{"class":180},[56,54045,238],{"class":70},[56,54047,54048],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54049,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54051,54052,54054,54056,54058],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54053,112],{"class":111},[56,54055,115],{"class":70},[56,54057,221],{"class":101},[56,54059,238],{"class":70},[20,54061,241],{},[47,54063,54064],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54065,54066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54067,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54069,251],{"class":70},[56,54071,254],{"class":180},[56,54073,36],{"class":184},[56,54075,254],{"class":180},[56,54077,78],{"class":70},[56,54079,263],{"class":180},[56,54081,194],{"class":184},[56,54083,254],{"class":180},[56,54085,78],{"class":70},[56,54087,263],{"class":180},[56,54089,203],{"class":184},[56,54091,254],{"class":180},[56,54093,89],{"class":70},[42,54095,54097],{"id":54096},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54099,54100,54102],{},[15,54101,52734],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54104,36504],{},[143,54106,54107,54110,54113,54116],{},[146,54108,54109],{},"building a list in a loop",[146,54111,54112],{},"collecting user input",[146,54114,54115],{},"storing results step by step",[146,54117,54118],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54120,54121],{},"Example with a loop:",[47,54123,54125],{"className":49,"code":54124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54126,54127,54136,54140,54161,54180,54184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54128,54129,54132,54134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54130,54131],{"class":62},"squares ",[56,54133,67],{"class":66},[56,54135,7929],{"class":70},[56,54137,54138],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54139,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54143,6048],{"class":3965},[56,54145,6477],{"class":62},[56,54147,3972],{"class":3965},[56,54149,54150],{"class":111}," range",[56,54152,115],{"class":70},[56,54154,75],{"class":74},[56,54156,78],{"class":70},[56,54158,4693],{"class":74},[56,54160,8431],{"class":70},[56,54162,54163,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54164,54165],{"class":62},"    squares",[56,54167,98],{"class":70},[56,54169,13631],{"class":101},[56,54171,115],{"class":70},[56,54173,2315],{"class":101},[56,54175,39952],{"class":66},[56,54177,2295],{"class":101},[56,54179,238],{"class":70},[56,54181,54182],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,54183,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54185,54186,54188,54190,54193],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,54187,112],{"class":111},[56,54189,115],{"class":70},[56,54191,54192],{"class":101},"squares",[56,54194,238],{"class":70},[20,54196,241],{},[47,54198,54200],{"className":49,"code":54199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54201,54202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54217,54219,54221],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54205,251],{"class":70},[56,54207,75],{"class":74},[56,54209,78],{"class":70},[56,54211,2554],{"class":74},[56,54213,78],{"class":70},[56,54215,54216],{"class":74}," 9",[56,54218,78],{"class":70},[56,54220,14066],{"class":74},[56,54222,89],{"class":70},[42,54224,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,54226,54228],{"id":54227},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54230,1931,54231,54233,54234,98],{},[15,54232,52734],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54235,157],{},[1030,54237,54239],{"id":54238},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54241,54242,54243,98],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[36,54244,54245],{"href":53425},[15,54246,53527],{},[1030,54248,54250],{"id":54249},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54252,54253],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54255,163],{},[47,54257,54259],{"className":49,"code":54258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54260,54261,54277,54295,54299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54262,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54264,9253],{"class":62},[56,54266,67],{"class":66},[56,54268,71],{"class":70},[56,54270,75],{"class":74},[56,54272,78],{"class":70},[56,54274,81],{"class":74},[56,54276,89],{"class":70},[56,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54280,9292],{"class":62},[56,54282,98],{"class":70},[56,54284,13631],{"class":101},[56,54286,3084],{"class":70},[56,54288,901],{"class":74},[56,54290,78],{"class":70},[56,54292,2554],{"class":74},[56,54294,1607],{"class":70},[56,54296,54297],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54298,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54302,112],{"class":111},[56,54304,115],{"class":70},[56,54306,9292],{"class":101},[56,54308,238],{"class":70},[20,54310,241],{},[47,54312,54313],{"className":49,"code":53389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54314,54315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54316,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54318,251],{"class":70},[56,54320,75],{"class":74},[56,54322,78],{"class":70},[56,54324,81],{"class":74},[56,54326,78],{"class":70},[56,54328,71],{"class":70},[56,54330,901],{"class":74},[56,54332,78],{"class":70},[56,54334,2554],{"class":74},[56,54336,53323],{"class":70},[1030,54338,54340],{"id":54339},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54342,54343,54345,54346,54349],{},[15,54344,52734],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54347,54348],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[42,54351,1996],{"id":1995},[143,54353,54354,54359,54363,54368,54372],{},[146,54355,54356],{},[36,54357,54358],{"href":53129},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[146,54360,54361],{},[36,54362,53641],{"href":53425},[146,54364,54365],{},[36,54366,54367],{"href":53988},"Python list insert() method",[146,54369,54370],{},[36,54371,52853],{"href":51060},[146,54373,54374],{},[36,54375,54377],{"href":54376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2028,54379,54380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":54382},[54383,54384,54385,54386,54387,54388,54394,54400,54401,54407],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":52813,"depth":92,"text":52814},{"id":5520,"depth":92,"text":5521},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":53133,"depth":92,"text":53134},{"id":53432,"depth":92,"text":53433,"children":54389},[54390,54392],{"id":53439,"depth":108,"text":54391},"Using append()",{"id":53524,"depth":108,"text":54393},"Using extend()",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":54395},[54396,54397,54398,54399],{"id":53646,"depth":108,"text":53647},{"id":53823,"depth":108,"text":53824},{"id":53884,"depth":108,"text":53885},{"id":53976,"depth":108,"text":53977},{"id":54096,"depth":92,"text":54097},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":54402},[54403,54404,54405,54406],{"id":54227,"depth":108,"text":54228},{"id":54238,"depth":108,"text":54239},{"id":54249,"depth":108,"text":54250},{"id":54339,"depth":108,"text":54340},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52724,"description":54408},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54415,"title":54416,"body":54417,"description":55657,"extension":2062,"meta":55658,"navigation":600,"path":55659,"seo":55660,"stem":55661,"__hash__":55662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54418,"toc":55622},[54419,54424,54430,54436,54438,54486,54491,54496,54500,54516,54522,54524,54527,54542,54544,54555,54557,54559,54616,54618,54626,54628,54644,54650,54652,54658,54662,54746,54749,54798,54805,54813,54816,54830,54843,54849,54924,54931,54938,55012,55020,55023,55034,55042,55046,55050,55061,55063,55140,55161,55163,55173,55176,55224,55226,55247,55250,55252,55303,55309,55316,55383,55389,55395,55398,55425,55430,55436,55439,55511,55514,55525,55531,55533,55539,55542,55547,55553,55560,55568,55574,55580,55582,55619],[10,54420,13,54422,18],{"id":54421},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54423,11410],{},[20,54425,54426,54429],{},[15,54427,54428],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54431,54432,54433,54435],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[540,54434,11422],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[42,54437,45],{"id":44},[47,54439,54441],{"className":49,"code":54440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54442,54443,54463,54473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54444,54445,54447,54449,54451,54453,54455,54457,54459,54461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54446,7871],{"class":62},[56,54448,67],{"class":66},[56,54450,71],{"class":70},[56,54452,75],{"class":74},[56,54454,78],{"class":70},[56,54456,81],{"class":74},[56,54458,78],{"class":70},[56,54460,86],{"class":74},[56,54462,89],{"class":70},[56,54464,54465,54467,54469,54471],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54466,7900],{"class":62},[56,54468,98],{"class":70},[56,54470,11471],{"class":101},[56,54472,105],{"class":70},[56,54474,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54476,112],{"class":111},[56,54478,115],{"class":70},[56,54480,7900],{"class":101},[56,54482,120],{"class":70},[56,54484,54485],{"class":123},"  # []\n",[20,54487,650,54488,54490],{},[15,54489,11410],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[42,54492,133,54494,136],{"id":54493},"what-listclear-does",[15,54495,54428],{},[20,54497,54498,141],{},[15,54499,54428],{},[143,54501,54502,54505,54508,54513],{},[146,54503,54504],{},"Removes every item from a list",[146,54506,54507],{},"Changes the original list in place",[146,54509,54510,54511],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54512,3876],{},[146,54514,54515],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54517,54518,54519,54521],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54520,11410],{},", but it contains no values.",[42,54523,289],{"id":288},[20,54525,54526],{},"Syntax:",[47,54528,54530],{"className":49,"code":54529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54531,54532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54535,302],{"class":62},[56,54537,98],{"class":70},[56,54539,11471],{"class":101},[56,54541,105],{"class":70},[20,54543,11546],{},[143,54545,54546,54549,54552],{},[146,54547,54548],{},"Call it on a list object",[146,54550,54551],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[146,54553,54554],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[42,54556,425],{"id":424},[20,54558,11564],{},[47,54560,54562],{"className":49,"code":54561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54563,54564,54588,54592,54602,54606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54565,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54567,63],{"class":62},[56,54569,67],{"class":66},[56,54571,71],{"class":70},[56,54573,444],{"class":74},[56,54575,78],{"class":70},[56,54577,449],{"class":74},[56,54579,78],{"class":70},[56,54581,454],{"class":74},[56,54583,78],{"class":70},[56,54585,459],{"class":74},[56,54587,89],{"class":70},[56,54589,54590],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54591,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54593,54594,54596,54598,54600],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54595,95],{"class":62},[56,54597,98],{"class":70},[56,54599,11471],{"class":101},[56,54601,105],{"class":70},[56,54603,54604],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54605,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54607,54608,54610,54612,54614],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,54609,112],{"class":111},[56,54611,115],{"class":70},[56,54613,95],{"class":101},[56,54615,238],{"class":70},[20,54617,241],{},[47,54619,54620],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54621,54622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54623,54624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54625,38376],{"class":70},[20,54627,513],{},[143,54629,54630,54635,54641],{},[146,54631,54632,54634],{},[15,54633,95],{}," starts with four items",[146,54636,54637,54640],{},[15,54638,54639],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[146,54642,54643],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54645,54646,54647,98],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[36,54648,52853],{"href":54649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[42,54651,17500],{"id":17499},[20,54653,54654,2494,54656,98],{},[15,54655,11410],{},[15,54657,157],{},[20,54659,928,54660,52749],{},[540,54661,931],{},[47,54663,54665],{"className":49,"code":54664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54666,54667,54699,54703,54717,54721,54734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54668,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54670,7871],{"class":62},[56,54672,67],{"class":66},[56,54674,71],{"class":70},[56,54676,181],{"class":180},[56,54678,36],{"class":184},[56,54680,181],{"class":180},[56,54682,78],{"class":70},[56,54684,191],{"class":180},[56,54686,194],{"class":184},[56,54688,181],{"class":180},[56,54690,78],{"class":70},[56,54692,191],{"class":180},[56,54694,203],{"class":184},[56,54696,181],{"class":180},[56,54698,89],{"class":70},[56,54700,54701],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54702,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54704,54705,54707,54709,54711,54713,54715],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54706,1156],{"class":62},[56,54708,67],{"class":66},[56,54710,6056],{"class":62},[56,54712,98],{"class":70},[56,54714,11471],{"class":101},[56,54716,105],{"class":70},[56,54718,54719],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54720,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54722,54723,54725,54727,54729,54731],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,54724,112],{"class":111},[56,54726,115],{"class":70},[56,54728,7900],{"class":101},[56,54730,120],{"class":70},[56,54732,54733],{"class":123},"   # []\n",[56,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,54737,112],{"class":111},[56,54739,115],{"class":70},[56,54741,1190],{"class":101},[56,54743,120],{"class":70},[56,54745,20956],{"class":123},[20,54747,54748],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[47,54750,54752],{"className":49,"code":54751,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54753,54754,54774,54788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54755,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54757,7871],{"class":62},[56,54759,67],{"class":66},[56,54761,71],{"class":70},[56,54763,75],{"class":74},[56,54765,78],{"class":70},[56,54767,81],{"class":74},[56,54769,78],{"class":70},[56,54771,86],{"class":74},[56,54773,89],{"class":70},[56,54775,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784,54786],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54777,7871],{"class":62},[56,54779,67],{"class":66},[56,54781,6056],{"class":62},[56,54783,98],{"class":70},[56,54785,11471],{"class":101},[56,54787,105],{"class":70},[56,54789,54790,54792,54794,54796],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54791,112],{"class":111},[56,54793,115],{"class":70},[56,54795,7900],{"class":101},[56,54797,238],{"class":70},[20,54799,1870,54800,938,54802,54804],{},[15,54801,7900],{},[15,54803,157],{},", not an empty list.",[42,54806,54808,54810,54811],{"id":54807},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54809,11410],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54812,3876],{},[20,54814,54815],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[47,54817,54818],{"className":49,"code":54529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,54819,54820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54821,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54823,302],{"class":62},[56,54825,98],{"class":70},[56,54827,11471],{"class":101},[56,54829,105],{"class":70},[47,54831,54833],{"className":49,"code":54832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n",[15,54834,54835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54836,54837,54839,54841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54838,1506],{"class":62},[56,54840,67],{"class":66},[56,54842,7929],{"class":70},[1030,54844,54846,54848],{"id":54845},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54847,11410],{}," empties the same list object",[47,54850,54852],{"className":49,"code":54851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54853,54854,54874,54882,54886,54896,54900,54912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54855,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864,54866,54868,54870,54872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54857,2652],{"class":62},[56,54859,67],{"class":66},[56,54861,71],{"class":70},[56,54863,75],{"class":74},[56,54865,78],{"class":70},[56,54867,81],{"class":74},[56,54869,78],{"class":70},[56,54871,86],{"class":74},[56,54873,89],{"class":70},[56,54875,54876,54878,54880],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54877,2680],{"class":62},[56,54879,67],{"class":66},[56,54881,36255],{"class":62},[56,54883,54884],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54885,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54887,54888,54890,54892,54894],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54889,36],{"class":62},[56,54891,98],{"class":70},[56,54893,11471],{"class":101},[56,54895,105],{"class":70},[56,54897,54898],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,54899,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54901,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,54903,112],{"class":111},[56,54905,115],{"class":70},[56,54907,36],{"class":101},[56,54909,120],{"class":70},[56,54911,54485],{"class":123},[56,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,54915,112],{"class":111},[56,54917,115],{"class":70},[56,54919,194],{"class":101},[56,54921,120],{"class":70},[56,54923,54485],{"class":123},[20,54925,10678,54926,4480,54928,54930],{},[15,54927,36],{},[15,54929,194],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1030,54932,54934,54937],{"id":54933},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54935,54936],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[47,54939,54941],{"className":49,"code":54940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54942,54943,54963,54971,54975,54983,54987,54999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54944,54945,54947,54949,54951,54953,54955,54957,54959,54961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54946,2652],{"class":62},[56,54948,67],{"class":66},[56,54950,71],{"class":70},[56,54952,75],{"class":74},[56,54954,78],{"class":70},[56,54956,81],{"class":74},[56,54958,78],{"class":70},[56,54960,86],{"class":74},[56,54962,89],{"class":70},[56,54964,54965,54967,54969],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,54966,2680],{"class":62},[56,54968,67],{"class":66},[56,54970,36255],{"class":62},[56,54972,54973],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,54974,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54976,54977,54979,54981],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,54978,2652],{"class":62},[56,54980,67],{"class":66},[56,54982,7929],{"class":70},[56,54984,54985],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,54986,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,54988,54989,54991,54993,54995,54997],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,54990,112],{"class":111},[56,54992,115],{"class":70},[56,54994,36],{"class":101},[56,54996,120],{"class":70},[56,54998,54485],{"class":123},[56,55000,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,55002,112],{"class":111},[56,55004,115],{"class":70},[56,55006,194],{"class":101},[56,55008,120],{"class":70},[56,55010,55011],{"class":123},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55013,20851,55014,55016,55017,55019],{},[15,55015,36],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55018,194],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55021,55022],{},"This difference matters when:",[143,55024,55025,55028,55031],{},[146,55026,55027],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[146,55029,55030],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[146,55032,55033],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55035,55036,55037,98],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[36,55038,55039,55040,1384],{"href":1987},"the list ",[15,55041,1991],{},[42,55043,1389,55044],{"id":12521},[15,55045,11410],{},[20,55047,650,55048,6408],{},[15,55049,11410],{},[143,55051,55052,55055,55058],{},[146,55053,55054],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[146,55056,55057],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[146,55059,55060],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55062,163],{},[47,55064,55066],{"className":49,"code":55065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55067,55068,55104,55108,55113,55124,55128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55069,55070,55073,55075,55077,55079,55082,55084,55086,55088,55091,55093,55095,55097,55100,55102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55071,55072],{"class":62},"shopping_cart ",[56,55074,67],{"class":66},[56,55076,71],{"class":70},[56,55078,181],{"class":180},[56,55080,55081],{"class":184},"milk",[56,55083,181],{"class":180},[56,55085,78],{"class":70},[56,55087,191],{"class":180},[56,55089,55090],{"class":184},"bread",[56,55092,181],{"class":180},[56,55094,78],{"class":70},[56,55096,191],{"class":180},[56,55098,55099],{"class":184},"eggs",[56,55101,181],{"class":180},[56,55103,89],{"class":70},[56,55105,55106],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55107,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55109,55110],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55111,55112],{"class":123},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[56,55114,55115,55118,55120,55122],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55116,55117],{"class":62},"shopping_cart",[56,55119,98],{"class":70},[56,55121,11471],{"class":101},[56,55123,105],{"class":70},[56,55125,55126],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,55127,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55129,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,55131,112],{"class":111},[56,55133,115],{"class":70},[56,55135,55117],{"class":101},[56,55137,120],{"class":70},[56,55139,54485],{"class":123},[20,55141,55142,55143,55147,55148,55154,55155,98],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[36,55144,55146],{"href":55145},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[36,55149,55151,1384],{"href":55150},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55152,55153],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[36,55156,55158,1384],{"href":55157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55159,55160],{},"list.pop()",[42,55162,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,55164,55166,55167,11180,55170],{"id":55165},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55168,55169],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55171,55172],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55174,55175],{},"This does not call the method.",[47,55177,55179],{"className":49,"code":55178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55180,55181,55201,55205,55214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55182,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55184,7871],{"class":62},[56,55186,67],{"class":66},[56,55188,71],{"class":70},[56,55190,75],{"class":74},[56,55192,78],{"class":70},[56,55194,81],{"class":74},[56,55196,78],{"class":70},[56,55198,86],{"class":74},[56,55200,89],{"class":70},[56,55202,55203],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55204,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55206,55207,55209,55211],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55208,7900],{"class":62},[56,55210,98],{"class":70},[56,55212,55213],{"class":24831},"clear\n",[56,55215,55216,55218,55220,55222],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55217,112],{"class":111},[56,55219,115],{"class":70},[56,55221,7900],{"class":101},[56,55223,238],{"class":70},[20,55225,241],{},[47,55227,55229],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55230,55231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55232,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55234,251],{"class":70},[56,55236,75],{"class":74},[56,55238,78],{"class":70},[56,55240,81],{"class":74},[56,55242,78],{"class":70},[56,55244,86],{"class":74},[56,55246,89],{"class":70},[20,55248,55249],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55251,10895],{},[47,55253,55255],{"className":49,"code":55254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55256,55257,55277,55281,55291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55258,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55260,7871],{"class":62},[56,55262,67],{"class":66},[56,55264,71],{"class":70},[56,55266,75],{"class":74},[56,55268,78],{"class":70},[56,55270,81],{"class":74},[56,55272,78],{"class":70},[56,55274,86],{"class":74},[56,55276,89],{"class":70},[56,55278,55279],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55280,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55284,7900],{"class":62},[56,55286,98],{"class":70},[56,55288,11471],{"class":101},[56,55290,105],{"class":70},[56,55292,55293,55295,55297,55299,55301],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55294,112],{"class":111},[56,55296,115],{"class":70},[56,55298,7900],{"class":101},[56,55300,120],{"class":70},[56,55302,54485],{"class":123},[1030,55304,1435,55306,55308],{"id":55305},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55307,11410],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55310,55311,2494,55313,55315],{},[15,55312,11410],{},[15,55314,157],{},", not the list.",[47,55317,55319],{"className":49,"code":55318,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55320,55321,55341,55355,55359,55371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55322,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55324,7871],{"class":62},[56,55326,67],{"class":66},[56,55328,71],{"class":70},[56,55330,75],{"class":74},[56,55332,78],{"class":70},[56,55334,81],{"class":74},[56,55336,78],{"class":70},[56,55338,86],{"class":74},[56,55340,89],{"class":70},[56,55342,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55344,1156],{"class":62},[56,55346,67],{"class":66},[56,55348,6056],{"class":62},[56,55350,98],{"class":70},[56,55352,11471],{"class":101},[56,55354,105],{"class":70},[56,55356,55357],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55358,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55360,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55362,112],{"class":111},[56,55364,115],{"class":70},[56,55366,1190],{"class":101},[56,55368,120],{"class":70},[56,55370,20956],{"class":123},[56,55372,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,55374,112],{"class":111},[56,55376,115],{"class":70},[56,55378,7900],{"class":101},[56,55380,120],{"class":70},[56,55382,54733],{"class":123},[1030,55384,1441,55386,55388],{"id":55385},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55387,11410],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55390,55391,55392,55394],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55393,11410],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55396,55397],{},"This will fail:",[47,55399,55401],{"className":49,"code":55400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55402,55403,55415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55404,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55406,1466],{"class":62},[56,55408,67],{"class":66},[56,55410,191],{"class":180},[56,55412,1473],{"class":184},[56,55414,1476],{"class":180},[56,55416,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55418,1481],{"class":62},[56,55420,98],{"class":70},[56,55422,11471],{"class":101},[56,55424,105],{"class":70},[20,55426,55427,55428,1493],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55429,11410],{},[20,55431,55432,55433,55435],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55434,157],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55437,55438],{},"Useful checks:",[47,55440,55442],{"className":49,"code":55441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55443,55444,55454,55468,55482,55491,55501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55445,55446,55448,55450,55452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55447,112],{"class":111},[56,55449,115],{"class":70},[56,55451,302],{"class":101},[56,55453,238],{"class":70},[56,55455,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55457,112],{"class":111},[56,55459,115],{"class":70},[56,55461,1546],{"class":1545},[56,55463,115],{"class":70},[56,55465,302],{"class":101},[56,55467,1553],{"class":70},[56,55469,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55471,112],{"class":111},[56,55473,115],{"class":70},[56,55475,12731],{"class":111},[56,55477,115],{"class":70},[56,55479,302],{"class":101},[56,55481,1553],{"class":70},[56,55483,55484,55486,55488],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55485,43629],{"class":62},[56,55487,67],{"class":66},[56,55489,55490],{"class":62}," my_list\n",[56,55492,55493,55495,55497,55499],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,55494,302],{"class":62},[56,55496,98],{"class":70},[56,55498,11471],{"class":101},[56,55500,105],{"class":70},[56,55502,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,55504,112],{"class":111},[56,55506,115],{"class":70},[56,55508,30825],{"class":101},[56,55510,238],{"class":70},[20,55512,55513],{},"These can help you see:",[143,55515,55516,55519,55522],{},[146,55517,55518],{},"What the variable currently contains",[146,55520,55521],{},"Whether it is really a list",[146,55523,55524],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55526,55527,55528,98],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[36,55529,55530],{"href":54376},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[42,55532,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,55534,1892,55536,55538],{"id":55535},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55537,54428],{}," delete the list?",[20,55540,55541],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1030,55543,1892,55545,1895],{"id":55544},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55546,54428],{},[20,55548,55549,55550,55552],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55551,157],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1030,55554,5268,55556,4480,55558,1911],{"id":55555},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55557,11410],{},[15,55559,54936],{},[20,55561,55562,55564,55565,55567],{},[15,55563,11410],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55566,54936],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1030,55569,1925,55571,55573],{"id":55570},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55572,11410],{}," on other types?",[20,55575,55576,55577,55579],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55578,11410],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[42,55581,1996],{"id":1995},[143,55583,55584,55588,55593,55599,55606,55612],{},[146,55585,55586],{},[36,55587,52853],{"href":54649},[146,55589,55590],{},[36,55591,55592],{"href":55145},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[146,55594,55595],{},[36,55596,1988,55597,1384],{"href":55157},[15,55598,12844],{},[146,55600,55601],{},[36,55602,1988,55603,1384],{"href":55150},[15,55604,55605],{},"remove()",[146,55607,55608],{},[36,55609,1988,55610,1384],{"href":1987},[15,55611,1991],{},[146,55613,55614],{},[36,55615,30429,55616,33716],{"href":54376},[15,55617,55618],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2028,55620,55621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":55623},[55624,55625,55627,55628,55629,55630,55637,55638,55646,55656],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":54493,"depth":92,"text":55626},"What list.clear() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":54807,"depth":92,"text":55631,"children":55632},"clear() vs assigning []",[55633,55635],{"id":54845,"depth":108,"text":55634},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54933,"depth":108,"text":55636},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12521,"depth":92,"text":12889},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":55639},[55640,55642,55644],{"id":55165,"depth":108,"text":55641},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55305,"depth":108,"text":55643},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55385,"depth":108,"text":55645},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":55647},[55648,55650,55652,55654],{"id":55535,"depth":108,"text":55649},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55544,"depth":108,"text":55651},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55555,"depth":108,"text":55653},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55570,"depth":108,"text":55655},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54416,"description":55657},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55664,"title":55665,"body":55666,"description":57349,"extension":2062,"meta":57350,"navigation":600,"path":57351,"seo":57352,"stem":57353,"__hash__":57354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55667,"toc":57317},[55668,55673,55679,55687,55689,55778,55785,55790,55794,55808,55810,55887,55889,55950,55953,55955,55957,55977,55980,55994,55997,56042,56044,56052,56055,56061,56067,56070,56147,56149,56194,56197,56202,56285,56287,56328,56333,56337,56343,56345,56353,56356,56449,56451,56509,56512,56528,56533,56543,56548,56550,56555,56560,56563,56565,56622,56625,56678,56684,56689,56693,56710,56712,56795,56797,56838,56846,56848,56853,56859,56861,56924,56929,56999,57003,57038,57041,57043,57082,57086,57162,57168,57174,57179,57201,57204,57223,57231,57233,57239,57242,57249,57257,57262,57265,57269,57275,57283,57286,57288,57314],[10,55669,13,55671,18],{"id":55670},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55672,1991],{},[20,55674,55675,55678],{},[15,55676,55677],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55680,55681,55682,14132,55684,55686],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55683,67],{},[540,55685,931],{}," make a real copy.",[42,55688,2104],{"id":2103},[47,55690,55692],{"className":49,"code":55691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55693,55694,55714,55729,55733,55748,55752,55765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55695,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55697,63],{"class":62},[56,55699,67],{"class":66},[56,55701,71],{"class":70},[56,55703,75],{"class":74},[56,55705,78],{"class":70},[56,55707,81],{"class":74},[56,55709,78],{"class":70},[56,55711,86],{"class":74},[56,55713,89],{"class":70},[56,55715,55716,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55717,55718],{"class":62},"new_numbers ",[56,55720,67],{"class":66},[56,55722,850],{"class":62},[56,55724,98],{"class":70},[56,55726,12992],{"class":101},[56,55728,105],{"class":70},[56,55730,55731],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55732,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55734,55735,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55736,55737],{"class":62},"new_numbers",[56,55739,98],{"class":70},[56,55741,13631],{"class":101},[56,55743,115],{"class":70},[56,55745,2602],{"class":74},[56,55747,238],{"class":70},[56,55749,55750],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,55751,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55753,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,55755,112],{"class":111},[56,55757,115],{"class":70},[56,55759,95],{"class":101},[56,55761,120],{"class":70},[56,55763,55764],{"class":123},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[56,55766,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,55768,112],{"class":111},[56,55770,115],{"class":70},[56,55772,55737],{"class":101},[56,55774,120],{"class":70},[56,55776,55777],{"class":123},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55779,650,55780,55782,55783,98],{},[15,55781,55677],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[540,55784,12931],{},[42,55786,133,55788,136],{"id":55787},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55789,55677],{},[20,55791,55792,141],{},[15,55793,55677],{},[143,55795,55796,55799,55802,55805],{},[146,55797,55798],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[146,55800,55801],{},"Returns that new list",[146,55803,55804],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[146,55806,55807],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55809,163],{},[47,55811,55813],{"className":49,"code":55812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55814,55815,55847,55862,55866,55876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55816,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55818,553],{"class":62},[56,55820,67],{"class":66},[56,55822,71],{"class":70},[56,55824,181],{"class":180},[56,55826,562],{"class":184},[56,55828,181],{"class":180},[56,55830,78],{"class":70},[56,55832,191],{"class":180},[56,55834,571],{"class":184},[56,55836,181],{"class":180},[56,55838,78],{"class":70},[56,55840,191],{"class":180},[56,55842,33304],{"class":184},[56,55844,181],{"class":180},[56,55846,89],{"class":70},[56,55848,55849,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55850,55851],{"class":62},"copied_fruits ",[56,55853,67],{"class":66},[56,55855,703],{"class":62},[56,55857,98],{"class":70},[56,55859,12992],{"class":101},[56,55861,105],{"class":70},[56,55863,55864],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,55865,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,55867,55868,55870,55872,55874],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,55869,112],{"class":111},[56,55871,115],{"class":70},[56,55873,589],{"class":101},[56,55875,238],{"class":70},[56,55877,55878,55880,55882,55885],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,55879,112],{"class":111},[56,55881,115],{"class":70},[56,55883,55884],{"class":101},"copied_fruits",[56,55886,238],{"class":70},[20,55888,241],{},[47,55890,55892],{"className":49,"code":55891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55893,55894,55922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55895,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55897,251],{"class":70},[56,55899,254],{"class":180},[56,55901,562],{"class":184},[56,55903,254],{"class":180},[56,55905,78],{"class":70},[56,55907,263],{"class":180},[56,55909,571],{"class":184},[56,55911,254],{"class":180},[56,55913,78],{"class":70},[56,55915,263],{"class":180},[56,55917,33304],{"class":184},[56,55919,254],{"class":180},[56,55921,89],{"class":70},[56,55923,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,55925,251],{"class":70},[56,55927,254],{"class":180},[56,55929,562],{"class":184},[56,55931,254],{"class":180},[56,55933,78],{"class":70},[56,55935,263],{"class":180},[56,55937,571],{"class":184},[56,55939,254],{"class":180},[56,55941,78],{"class":70},[56,55943,263],{"class":180},[56,55945,33304],{"class":184},[56,55947,254],{"class":180},[56,55949,89],{"class":70},[20,55951,55952],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[42,55954,289],{"id":288},[20,55956,292],{},[47,55958,55960],{"className":49,"code":55959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55961,55962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55963,55964,55966,55968,55971,55973,55975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55965,845],{"class":62},[56,55967,67],{"class":66},[56,55969,55970],{"class":62}," old_list",[56,55972,98],{"class":70},[56,55974,12992],{"class":101},[56,55976,105],{"class":70},[20,55978,55979],{},"How it works:",[143,55981,55982,55988,55991],{},[146,55983,55984,55985,55987],{},"Call ",[15,55986,1991],{}," on an existing list",[146,55989,55990],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[146,55992,55993],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55995,55996],{},"Example with an empty list:",[47,55998,56000],{"className":49,"code":55999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56001,56002,56011,56027,56031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56003,56004,56007,56009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56005,56006],{"class":62},"empty_list ",[56,56008,67],{"class":66},[56,56010,7929],{"class":70},[56,56012,56013,56016,56018,56021,56023,56025],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56014,56015],{"class":62},"new_empty_list ",[56,56017,67],{"class":66},[56,56019,56020],{"class":62}," empty_list",[56,56022,98],{"class":70},[56,56024,12992],{"class":101},[56,56026,105],{"class":70},[56,56028,56029],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56030,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56032,56033,56035,56037,56040],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56034,112],{"class":111},[56,56036,115],{"class":70},[56,56038,56039],{"class":101},"new_empty_list",[56,56041,238],{"class":70},[20,56043,241],{},[47,56045,56046],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,56047,56048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56049,56050],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56051,38376],{"class":70},[20,56053,56054],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[42,56056,56058,56059],{"id":56057},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56060,67],{},[20,56062,1441,56063,14132,56065,52749],{},[15,56064,67],{},[540,56066,931],{},[20,56068,56069],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[47,56071,56073],{"className":49,"code":56072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56074,56075,56095,56104,56108,56123,56127,56137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56076,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56078,63],{"class":62},[56,56080,67],{"class":66},[56,56082,71],{"class":70},[56,56084,75],{"class":74},[56,56086,78],{"class":70},[56,56088,81],{"class":74},[56,56090,78],{"class":70},[56,56092,86],{"class":74},[56,56094,89],{"class":70},[56,56096,56097,56100,56102],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56098,56099],{"class":62},"same_list ",[56,56101,67],{"class":66},[56,56103,44062],{"class":62},[56,56105,56106],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56107,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56109,56110,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56111,56112],{"class":62},"same_list",[56,56114,98],{"class":70},[56,56116,13631],{"class":101},[56,56118,115],{"class":70},[56,56120,2602],{"class":74},[56,56122,238],{"class":70},[56,56124,56125],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56126,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56128,56129,56131,56133,56135],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,56130,112],{"class":111},[56,56132,115],{"class":70},[56,56134,95],{"class":101},[56,56136,238],{"class":70},[56,56138,56139,56141,56143,56145],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,56140,112],{"class":111},[56,56142,115],{"class":70},[56,56144,56112],{"class":101},[56,56146,238],{"class":70},[20,56148,241],{},[47,56150,56152],{"className":49,"code":56151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56153,56154,56174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56155,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56157,251],{"class":70},[56,56159,75],{"class":74},[56,56161,78],{"class":70},[56,56163,81],{"class":74},[56,56165,78],{"class":70},[56,56167,86],{"class":74},[56,56169,78],{"class":70},[56,56171,2554],{"class":74},[56,56173,89],{"class":70},[56,56175,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56177,251],{"class":70},[56,56179,75],{"class":74},[56,56181,78],{"class":70},[56,56183,81],{"class":74},[56,56185,78],{"class":70},[56,56187,86],{"class":74},[56,56189,78],{"class":70},[56,56191,2554],{"class":74},[56,56193,89],{"class":70},[20,56195,56196],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56198,56199,56200,141],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56201,1991],{},[47,56203,56205],{"className":49,"code":56204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56206,56207,56227,56242,56246,56261,56265,56275],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56208,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56210,63],{"class":62},[56,56212,67],{"class":66},[56,56214,71],{"class":70},[56,56216,75],{"class":74},[56,56218,78],{"class":70},[56,56220,81],{"class":74},[56,56222,78],{"class":70},[56,56224,86],{"class":74},[56,56226,89],{"class":70},[56,56228,56229,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56230,56231],{"class":62},"copied_numbers ",[56,56233,67],{"class":66},[56,56235,850],{"class":62},[56,56237,98],{"class":70},[56,56239,12992],{"class":101},[56,56241,105],{"class":70},[56,56243,56244],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56245,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56247,56248,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56249,56250],{"class":62},"copied_numbers",[56,56252,98],{"class":70},[56,56254,13631],{"class":101},[56,56256,115],{"class":70},[56,56258,2602],{"class":74},[56,56260,238],{"class":70},[56,56262,56263],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56264,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56266,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,56268,112],{"class":111},[56,56270,115],{"class":70},[56,56272,95],{"class":101},[56,56274,238],{"class":70},[56,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,56278,112],{"class":111},[56,56280,115],{"class":70},[56,56282,56250],{"class":101},[56,56284,238],{"class":70},[20,56286,241],{},[47,56288,56290],{"className":49,"code":56289,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56291,56292,56308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56293,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56295,251],{"class":70},[56,56297,75],{"class":74},[56,56299,78],{"class":70},[56,56301,81],{"class":74},[56,56303,78],{"class":70},[56,56305,86],{"class":74},[56,56307,89],{"class":70},[56,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56311,251],{"class":70},[56,56313,75],{"class":74},[56,56315,78],{"class":70},[56,56317,81],{"class":74},[56,56319,78],{"class":70},[56,56321,86],{"class":74},[56,56323,78],{"class":70},[56,56325,2554],{"class":74},[56,56327,89],{"class":70},[20,56329,56330,56331,98],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[36,56332,52853],{"href":51060},[42,56334,56336],{"id":56335},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56338,56339,12928,56341,98],{},[15,56340,55677],{},[540,56342,12931],{},[20,56344,2205],{},[143,56346,56347,56350],{},[146,56348,56349],{},"The outer list is new",[146,56351,56352],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56354,56355],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[47,56357,56359],{"className":49,"code":56358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56360,56361,56388,56402,56406,56425,56429,56439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56362,56363,56365,56367,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56364,12169],{"class":62},[56,56366,67],{"class":66},[56,56368,56369],{"class":70}," [[",[56,56371,75],{"class":74},[56,56373,78],{"class":70},[56,56375,81],{"class":74},[56,56377,18142],{"class":70},[56,56379,71],{"class":70},[56,56381,901],{"class":74},[56,56383,78],{"class":70},[56,56385,2554],{"class":74},[56,56387,53323],{"class":70},[56,56389,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56391,14390],{"class":62},[56,56393,67],{"class":66},[56,56395,12244],{"class":62},[56,56397,98],{"class":70},[56,56399,12992],{"class":101},[56,56401,105],{"class":70},[56,56403,56404],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56405,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56407,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420,56423],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56409,14409],{"class":62},[56,56411,251],{"class":70},[56,56413,2218],{"class":74},[56,56415,13628],{"class":70},[56,56417,13631],{"class":101},[56,56419,115],{"class":70},[56,56421,56422],{"class":74},"99",[56,56424,238],{"class":70},[56,56426,56427],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56428,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56430,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,56432,112],{"class":111},[56,56434,115],{"class":70},[56,56436,12216],{"class":101},[56,56438,238],{"class":70},[56,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,56442,112],{"class":111},[56,56444,115],{"class":70},[56,56446,14409],{"class":101},[56,56448,238],{"class":70},[20,56450,241],{},[47,56452,56454],{"className":49,"code":56453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56455,56456,56483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56457,56458,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56459,56460],{"class":70},"[[",[56,56462,75],{"class":74},[56,56464,78],{"class":70},[56,56466,81],{"class":74},[56,56468,78],{"class":70},[56,56470,10285],{"class":74},[56,56472,18142],{"class":70},[56,56474,71],{"class":70},[56,56476,901],{"class":74},[56,56478,78],{"class":70},[56,56480,2554],{"class":74},[56,56482,53323],{"class":70},[56,56484,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56486,56460],{"class":70},[56,56488,75],{"class":74},[56,56490,78],{"class":70},[56,56492,81],{"class":74},[56,56494,78],{"class":70},[56,56496,10285],{"class":74},[56,56498,18142],{"class":70},[56,56500,71],{"class":70},[56,56502,901],{"class":74},[56,56504,78],{"class":70},[56,56506,2554],{"class":74},[56,56508,53323],{"class":70},[20,56510,56511],{},"Why did both change?",[143,56513,56514,56521],{},[146,56515,56516,4480,56518,56520],{},[15,56517,12216],{},[15,56519,14409],{}," are different outer lists",[146,56522,56523,56524,56527],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56525,56526],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56529,935,56530,56532],{},[15,56531,1991],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[143,56534,56535,56538,56541],{},[146,56536,56537],{},"Numbers",[146,56539,56540],{},"Strings",[146,56542,40675],{},[20,56544,56545,56546,98],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[36,56547,13869],{"href":13868},[42,56549,17500],{"id":17499},[20,56551,56552,56554],{},[15,56553,55677],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56556,928,56557,56559],{},[540,56558,931],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56561,56562],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56564,16736],{},[47,56566,56568],{"className":49,"code":56567,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56569,56570,56594,56608,56612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56573,334],{"class":62},[56,56575,67],{"class":66},[56,56577,71],{"class":70},[56,56579,181],{"class":180},[56,56581,343],{"class":184},[56,56583,181],{"class":180},[56,56585,78],{"class":70},[56,56587,191],{"class":180},[56,56589,361],{"class":184},[56,56591,181],{"class":180},[56,56593,89],{"class":70},[56,56595,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56597,13196],{"class":62},[56,56599,67],{"class":66},[56,56601,13201],{"class":62},[56,56603,98],{"class":70},[56,56605,12992],{"class":101},[56,56607,105],{"class":70},[56,56609,56610],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56611,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56613,56614,56616,56618,56620],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56615,112],{"class":111},[56,56617,115],{"class":70},[56,56619,13220],{"class":101},[56,56621,238],{"class":70},[20,56623,56624],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[47,56626,56628],{"className":49,"code":56627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56629,56630,56654,56664,56668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56631,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56633,334],{"class":62},[56,56635,67],{"class":66},[56,56637,71],{"class":70},[56,56639,181],{"class":180},[56,56641,343],{"class":184},[56,56643,181],{"class":180},[56,56645,78],{"class":70},[56,56647,191],{"class":180},[56,56649,361],{"class":184},[56,56651,181],{"class":180},[56,56653,89],{"class":70},[56,56655,56656,56658,56660,56662],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56657,370],{"class":62},[56,56659,98],{"class":70},[56,56661,12992],{"class":101},[56,56663,105],{"class":70},[56,56665,56666],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56667,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56669,56670,56672,56674,56676],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56671,112],{"class":111},[56,56673,115],{"class":70},[56,56675,370],{"class":101},[56,56677,238],{"class":70},[20,56679,56680,56681,56683],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56682,1991],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[42,56685,1389,56687],{"id":56686},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56688,55677],{},[20,56690,650,56691,10689],{},[15,56692,55677],{},[143,56694,56695,56698,56701,56704],{},[146,56696,56697],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[146,56699,56700],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[146,56702,56703],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[146,56705,56706,56707],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56708,56709],{},"[:]",[20,56711,163],{},[47,56713,56715],{"className":49,"code":56714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56716,56717,56737,56752,56756,56770,56774,56784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56718,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56720,5151],{"class":62},[56,56722,67],{"class":66},[56,56724,71],{"class":70},[56,56726,444],{"class":74},[56,56728,78],{"class":70},[56,56730,449],{"class":74},[56,56732,78],{"class":70},[56,56734,454],{"class":74},[56,56736,89],{"class":70},[56,56738,56739,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56740,56741],{"class":62},"backup_scores ",[56,56743,67],{"class":66},[56,56745,5198],{"class":62},[56,56747,98],{"class":70},[56,56749,12992],{"class":101},[56,56751,105],{"class":70},[56,56753,56754],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56755,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56757,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56759,16469],{"class":62},[56,56761,98],{"class":70},[56,56763,13631],{"class":101},[56,56765,115],{"class":70},[56,56767,495],{"class":74},[56,56769,238],{"class":70},[56,56771,56772],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56773,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56775,56776,56778,56780,56782],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,56777,112],{"class":111},[56,56779,115],{"class":70},[56,56781,16469],{"class":101},[56,56783,238],{"class":70},[56,56785,56786,56788,56790,56793],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,56787,112],{"class":111},[56,56789,115],{"class":70},[56,56791,56792],{"class":101},"backup_scores",[56,56794,238],{"class":70},[20,56796,241],{},[47,56798,56800],{"className":49,"code":56799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56801,56802,56822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56803,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56805,251],{"class":70},[56,56807,444],{"class":74},[56,56809,78],{"class":70},[56,56811,449],{"class":74},[56,56813,78],{"class":70},[56,56815,454],{"class":74},[56,56817,78],{"class":70},[56,56819,459],{"class":74},[56,56821,89],{"class":70},[56,56823,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56825,251],{"class":70},[56,56827,444],{"class":74},[56,56829,78],{"class":70},[56,56831,449],{"class":74},[56,56833,78],{"class":70},[56,56835,454],{"class":74},[56,56837,89],{"class":70},[20,56839,56840,56841,98],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[36,56842,1988,56844,1384],{"href":56843},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56845,52734],{},[42,56847,4606],{"id":4605},[20,56849,56850,56851,98],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56852,55677],{},[1030,56854,1441,56856,56858],{"id":56855},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56857,67],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56860,39278],{},[47,56862,56864],{"className":49,"code":56863,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56865,56866,56886,56894,56908,56912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56867,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56869,2652],{"class":62},[56,56871,67],{"class":66},[56,56873,71],{"class":70},[56,56875,75],{"class":74},[56,56877,78],{"class":70},[56,56879,81],{"class":74},[56,56881,78],{"class":70},[56,56883,86],{"class":74},[56,56885,89],{"class":70},[56,56887,56888,56890,56892],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56889,2680],{"class":62},[56,56891,67],{"class":66},[56,56893,36255],{"class":62},[56,56895,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56897,194],{"class":62},[56,56899,98],{"class":70},[56,56901,13631],{"class":101},[56,56903,115],{"class":70},[56,56905,2602],{"class":74},[56,56907,238],{"class":70},[56,56909,56910],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56911,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56913,56914,56916,56918,56920,56922],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56915,112],{"class":111},[56,56917,115],{"class":70},[56,56919,36],{"class":101},[56,56921,120],{"class":70},[56,56923,55777],{"class":123},[20,56925,56926,56927,6720],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56928,1991],{},[47,56930,56932],{"className":49,"code":56931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56933,56934,56954,56969,56983,56987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56935,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56937,2652],{"class":62},[56,56939,67],{"class":66},[56,56941,71],{"class":70},[56,56943,75],{"class":74},[56,56945,78],{"class":70},[56,56947,81],{"class":74},[56,56949,78],{"class":70},[56,56951,86],{"class":74},[56,56953,89],{"class":70},[56,56955,56956,56958,56960,56963,56965,56967],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,56957,2680],{"class":62},[56,56959,67],{"class":66},[56,56961,56962],{"class":62}," a",[56,56964,98],{"class":70},[56,56966,12992],{"class":101},[56,56968,105],{"class":70},[56,56970,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,56972,194],{"class":62},[56,56974,98],{"class":70},[56,56976,13631],{"class":101},[56,56978,115],{"class":70},[56,56980,2602],{"class":74},[56,56982,238],{"class":70},[56,56984,56985],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,56986,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,56988,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,56990,112],{"class":111},[56,56992,115],{"class":70},[56,56994,36],{"class":101},[56,56996,120],{"class":70},[56,56998,55011],{"class":123},[1030,57000,57002],{"id":57001},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[47,57004,57006],{"className":49,"code":57005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57007,57008,57028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57009,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57011,63],{"class":62},[56,57013,67],{"class":66},[56,57015,71],{"class":70},[56,57017,75],{"class":74},[56,57019,78],{"class":70},[56,57021,81],{"class":74},[56,57023,78],{"class":70},[56,57025,86],{"class":74},[56,57027,89],{"class":70},[56,57029,57030,57032,57034,57036],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57031,95],{"class":62},[56,57033,98],{"class":70},[56,57035,12992],{"class":101},[56,57037,105],{"class":70},[20,57039,57040],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57042,39341],{},[47,57044,57046],{"className":49,"code":57045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57047,57048,57068],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57049,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57051,63],{"class":62},[56,57053,67],{"class":66},[56,57055,71],{"class":70},[56,57057,75],{"class":74},[56,57059,78],{"class":70},[56,57061,81],{"class":74},[56,57063,78],{"class":70},[56,57065,86],{"class":74},[56,57067,89],{"class":70},[56,57069,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57071,56231],{"class":62},[56,57073,67],{"class":66},[56,57075,850],{"class":62},[56,57077,98],{"class":70},[56,57079,12992],{"class":101},[56,57081,105],{"class":70},[1030,57083,57085],{"id":57084},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[47,57087,57089],{"className":49,"code":57088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57090,57091,57109,57123,57127,57145,57149],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57092,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57094,2652],{"class":62},[56,57096,67],{"class":66},[56,57098,56369],{"class":70},[56,57100,75],{"class":74},[56,57102,18142],{"class":70},[56,57104,71],{"class":70},[56,57106,1097],{"class":74},[56,57108,53323],{"class":70},[56,57110,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57112,2680],{"class":62},[56,57114,67],{"class":66},[56,57116,56962],{"class":62},[56,57118,98],{"class":70},[56,57120,12992],{"class":101},[56,57122,105],{"class":70},[56,57124,57125],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,57126,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,57128,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,57130,194],{"class":62},[56,57132,251],{"class":70},[56,57134,2218],{"class":74},[56,57136,13628],{"class":70},[56,57138,13631],{"class":101},[56,57140,115],{"class":70},[56,57142,56422],{"class":74},[56,57144,238],{"class":70},[56,57146,57147],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,57148,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,57150,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,57152,112],{"class":111},[56,57154,115],{"class":70},[56,57156,36],{"class":101},[56,57158,120],{"class":70},[56,57160,57161],{"class":123},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57163,57164,57165,57167],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57166,55677],{}," is shallow.",[1030,57169,25698,57171,57173],{"id":57170},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57172,1991],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57175,57176,57178],{},[15,57177,1991],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[47,57180,57182],{"className":49,"code":57181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57183,57184,57196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57185,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57187,7967],{"class":62},[56,57189,67],{"class":66},[56,57191,191],{"class":180},[56,57193,5091],{"class":184},[56,57195,1476],{"class":180},[56,57197,57198],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57199,57200],{"class":123},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57202,57203],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[47,57205,57207],{"className":49,"code":57206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57208,57209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57210,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57212,112],{"class":111},[56,57214,115],{"class":70},[56,57216,1546],{"class":1545},[56,57218,115],{"class":70},[56,57220,7759],{"class":101},[56,57222,1553],{"class":70},[20,57224,57225,57226,57230],{},"You can also review ",[36,57227,57229],{"href":57228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[42,57232,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,57234,1892,57236,57238],{"id":57235},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57237,55677],{}," change the original list?",[20,57240,57241],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1030,57243,5268,57245,4480,57247,1911],{"id":57244},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57246,55677],{},[15,57248,67],{},[20,57250,57251,57253,57254,57256],{},[15,57252,1991],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57255,67],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1030,57258,14982,57260,14985],{"id":57259},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57261,55677],{},[20,57263,57264],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1030,57266,57268],{"id":57267},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57270,42232,57271,57274],{},[15,57272,57273],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1030,57276,14982,57278,57280,57281,1911],{"id":57277},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57279,55677],{}," the same as ",[15,57282,56709],{},[20,57284,57285],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[42,57287,1996],{"id":1995},[143,57289,57290,57295,57299,57304,57310],{},[146,57291,57292],{},[36,57293,15044],{"href":57294},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[146,57296,57297],{},[36,57298,52853],{"href":51060},[146,57300,57301],{},[36,57302,57303],{"href":57228},"Creating a list in Python",[146,57305,57306],{},[36,57307,1988,57308,1384],{"href":56843},[15,57309,52734],{},[146,57311,57312],{},[36,57313,13869],{"href":13868},[2028,57315,57316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":57318},[57319,57320,57322,57323,57325,57326,57327,57329,57337,57348],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":55787,"depth":92,"text":57321},"What list.copy() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":56057,"depth":92,"text":57324},"Why not use =",{"id":56335,"depth":92,"text":56336},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":56686,"depth":92,"text":57328},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":57330},[57331,57333,57334,57335],{"id":56855,"depth":108,"text":57332},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57001,"depth":108,"text":57002},{"id":57084,"depth":108,"text":57085},{"id":57170,"depth":108,"text":57336},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":57338},[57339,57341,57343,57345,57346],{"id":57235,"depth":108,"text":57340},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57244,"depth":108,"text":57342},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57259,"depth":108,"text":57344},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57267,"depth":108,"text":57268},{"id":57277,"depth":108,"text":57347},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55665,"description":57349},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57356,"title":57357,"body":57358,"description":59100,"extension":2062,"meta":59101,"navigation":600,"path":59102,"seo":59103,"stem":59104,"__hash__":59105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57359,"toc":59059},[57360,57366,57372,57375,57386,57389,57391,57454,57460,57465,57469,57483,57486,57491,57496,57498,57500,57519,57531,57533,57600,57602,57610,57615,57617,57625,57628,57645,57647,57771,57782,57786,57791,57794,57796,57814,57818,57904,57913,57921,57990,57992,57995,58007,58012,58016,58087,58090,58094,58098,58163,58165,58173,58177,58260,58262,58270,58274,58335,58337,58345,58349,58436,58438,58446,58451,58456,58459,58470,58472,58557,58562,58571,58573,58577,58581,58586,58648,58652,58660,58666,58675,58680,58729,58732,58753,58757,58819,58826,58831,58834,58921,58924,58935,58938,58958,58960,58966,58969,58973,58977,58983,58986,58992,58999,59007,59018,59020,59056],[10,57361,13,57363,18],{"id":57362},"python-list-count-method",[15,57364,57365],{},"count()",[20,57367,57368,57371],{},[15,57369,57370],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57373,57374],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[143,57376,57377,57380,57383],{},[146,57378,57379],{},"count one specific item",[146,57381,57382],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[146,57384,57385],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57387,57388],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[42,57390,45],{"id":44},[47,57392,57394],{"className":49,"code":57393,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57395,57396,57424,57442],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57397,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57399,63],{"class":62},[56,57401,67],{"class":66},[56,57403,71],{"class":70},[56,57405,75],{"class":74},[56,57407,78],{"class":70},[56,57409,81],{"class":74},[56,57411,78],{"class":70},[56,57413,81],{"class":74},[56,57415,78],{"class":70},[56,57417,86],{"class":74},[56,57419,78],{"class":70},[56,57421,81],{"class":74},[56,57423,89],{"class":70},[56,57425,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57427,1156],{"class":62},[56,57429,67],{"class":66},[56,57431,850],{"class":62},[56,57433,98],{"class":70},[56,57435,41339],{"class":101},[56,57437,115],{"class":70},[56,57439,1097],{"class":74},[56,57441,238],{"class":70},[56,57443,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,57445,112],{"class":111},[56,57447,115],{"class":70},[56,57449,1190],{"class":101},[56,57451,120],{"class":70},[56,57453,50852],{"class":123},[20,57455,650,57456,57459],{},[15,57457,57458],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[42,57461,133,57463,136],{"id":57462},"what-listcount-does",[15,57464,57370],{},[20,57466,57467,141],{},[15,57468,57370],{},[143,57470,57471,57474,57477,57480],{},[146,57472,57473],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[146,57475,57476],{},"returns an integer",[146,57478,57479],{},"does not change the original list",[146,57481,57482],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57484,57485],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57487,57488,57489,98],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57490,901],{},[20,57492,57493,57494,98],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57495,2218],{},[42,57497,289],{"id":288},[20,57499,292],{},[47,57501,57503],{"className":49,"code":57502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57504,57505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57506,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57508,302],{"class":62},[56,57510,98],{"class":70},[56,57512,41339],{"class":101},[56,57514,115],{"class":70},[56,57516,2570],{"class":101},[56,57518,238],{"class":70},[143,57520,57521,57526],{},[146,57522,57523,57525],{},[15,57524,302],{}," is the list you want to search",[146,57527,57528,57530],{},[15,57529,2570],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57532,163],{},[47,57534,57536],{"className":49,"code":57535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57537,57538,57578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57539,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57541,173],{"class":62},[56,57543,67],{"class":66},[56,57545,71],{"class":70},[56,57547,181],{"class":180},[56,57549,36],{"class":184},[56,57551,181],{"class":180},[56,57553,78],{"class":70},[56,57555,191],{"class":180},[56,57557,194],{"class":184},[56,57559,181],{"class":180},[56,57561,78],{"class":70},[56,57563,191],{"class":180},[56,57565,36],{"class":184},[56,57567,181],{"class":180},[56,57569,78],{"class":70},[56,57571,191],{"class":180},[56,57573,203],{"class":184},[56,57575,181],{"class":180},[56,57577,89],{"class":70},[56,57579,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57581,112],{"class":111},[56,57583,115],{"class":70},[56,57585,221],{"class":101},[56,57587,98],{"class":70},[56,57589,41339],{"class":101},[56,57591,115],{"class":70},[56,57593,181],{"class":180},[56,57595,36],{"class":184},[56,57597,181],{"class":180},[56,57599,1553],{"class":70},[20,57601,241],{},[47,57603,57604],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,57605,57606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57607,57608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57609,17137],{"class":74},[20,57611,57612,57613,98],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57614,2218],{},[42,57616,38099],{"id":38098},[20,57618,57619,57620,57622,57623,98],{},"The return value from ",[15,57621,57365],{}," is always an ",[15,57624,2286],{},[20,57626,57627],{},"Possible results:",[143,57629,57630,57635,57640],{},[146,57631,57632,57634],{},[15,57633,2218],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[146,57636,57637,57639],{},[15,57638,75],{}," if it appears once",[146,57641,57642,57644],{},[15,57643,1097],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57646,163],{},[47,57648,57650],{"className":49,"code":57649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57651,57652,57692,57696,57721,57746],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57653,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57655,334],{"class":62},[56,57657,67],{"class":66},[56,57659,71],{"class":70},[56,57661,181],{"class":180},[56,57663,343],{"class":184},[56,57665,181],{"class":180},[56,57667,78],{"class":70},[56,57669,191],{"class":180},[56,57671,361],{"class":184},[56,57673,181],{"class":180},[56,57675,78],{"class":70},[56,57677,191],{"class":180},[56,57679,352],{"class":184},[56,57681,181],{"class":180},[56,57683,78],{"class":70},[56,57685,191],{"class":180},[56,57687,361],{"class":184},[56,57689,181],{"class":180},[56,57691,89],{"class":70},[56,57693,57694],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57695,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,57697,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,57699,112],{"class":111},[56,57701,115],{"class":70},[56,57703,370],{"class":101},[56,57705,98],{"class":70},[56,57707,41339],{"class":101},[56,57709,115],{"class":70},[56,57711,181],{"class":180},[56,57713,361],{"class":184},[56,57715,181],{"class":180},[56,57717,5451],{"class":70},[56,57719,57720],{"class":123},"   # 2\n",[56,57722,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,57724,112],{"class":111},[56,57726,115],{"class":70},[56,57728,370],{"class":101},[56,57730,98],{"class":70},[56,57732,41339],{"class":101},[56,57734,115],{"class":70},[56,57736,181],{"class":180},[56,57738,343],{"class":184},[56,57740,181],{"class":180},[56,57742,5451],{"class":70},[56,57744,57745],{"class":123},"    # 1\n",[56,57747,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,57749,112],{"class":111},[56,57751,115],{"class":70},[56,57753,370],{"class":101},[56,57755,98],{"class":70},[56,57757,41339],{"class":101},[56,57759,115],{"class":70},[56,57761,181],{"class":180},[56,57763,22605],{"class":184},[56,57765,181],{"class":180},[56,57767,5451],{"class":70},[56,57769,57770],{"class":123}," # 0\n",[20,57772,57773,57774,57776,57777,57779,57780,98],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57775,57365],{}," works, but using ",[15,57778,3972],{}," is often simpler. See ",[36,57781,6288],{"href":6287},[42,57783,57785],{"id":57784},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57787,57788,57790],{},[15,57789,57370],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57792,57793],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57795,43730],{},[143,57797,57798,57801,57804,57811],{},[146,57799,57800],{},"matches are based on equality",[146,57802,57803],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[146,57805,57806,4480,57808,57810],{},[15,57807,75],{},[15,57809,3698],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[146,57812,57813],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1030,57815,57817],{"id":57816},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[47,57819,57821],{"className":49,"code":57820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57822,57823,57856,57880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57824,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57826,4159],{"class":62},[56,57828,67],{"class":66},[56,57830,71],{"class":70},[56,57832,181],{"class":180},[56,57834,562],{"class":184},[56,57836,181],{"class":180},[56,57838,78],{"class":70},[56,57840,191],{"class":180},[56,57842,57843],{"class":184},"Apple",[56,57845,181],{"class":180},[56,57847,78],{"class":70},[56,57849,191],{"class":180},[56,57851,562],{"class":184},[56,57853,181],{"class":180},[56,57855,89],{"class":70},[56,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57859,112],{"class":111},[56,57861,115],{"class":70},[56,57863,4200],{"class":101},[56,57865,98],{"class":70},[56,57867,41339],{"class":101},[56,57869,115],{"class":70},[56,57871,181],{"class":180},[56,57873,562],{"class":184},[56,57875,181],{"class":180},[56,57877,5451],{"class":70},[56,57879,51496],{"class":123},[56,57881,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,57883,112],{"class":111},[56,57885,115],{"class":70},[56,57887,4200],{"class":101},[56,57889,98],{"class":70},[56,57891,41339],{"class":101},[56,57893,115],{"class":70},[56,57895,181],{"class":180},[56,57897,57843],{"class":184},[56,57899,181],{"class":180},[56,57901,5451],{"class":70},[56,57903,27862],{"class":123},[20,57905,57906,4480,57909,57912],{},[15,57907,57908],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57910,57911],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1030,57914,57916,4480,57918,57920],{"id":57915},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57917,75],{},[15,57919,3698],{}," can match",[47,57922,57924],{"className":49,"code":57923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57925,57926,57950,57970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57927,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57929,3912],{"class":62},[56,57931,67],{"class":66},[56,57933,71],{"class":70},[56,57935,75],{"class":74},[56,57937,78],{"class":70},[56,57939,4004],{"class":893},[56,57941,78],{"class":70},[56,57943,81],{"class":74},[56,57945,78],{"class":70},[56,57947,910],{"class":74},[56,57949,89],{"class":70},[56,57951,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,57953,112],{"class":111},[56,57955,115],{"class":70},[56,57957,5448],{"class":101},[56,57959,98],{"class":70},[56,57961,41339],{"class":101},[56,57963,115],{"class":70},[56,57965,75],{"class":74},[56,57967,5451],{"class":70},[56,57969,50999],{"class":123},[56,57971,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,57973,112],{"class":111},[56,57975,115],{"class":70},[56,57977,5448],{"class":101},[56,57979,98],{"class":70},[56,57981,41339],{"class":101},[56,57983,115],{"class":70},[56,57985,3698],{"class":893},[56,57987,5451],{"class":70},[56,57989,50852],{"class":123},[20,57991,4497],{},[20,57993,57994],{},"In Python:",[143,57996,57997,58002],{},[146,57998,57999],{},[15,58000,58001],{},"True == 1",[146,58003,58004],{},[15,58005,58006],{},"False == 0",[20,58008,935,58009,58011],{},[15,58010,57365],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1030,58013,58015],{"id":58014},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[47,58017,58019],{"className":49,"code":58018,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58020,58021,58063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58024,7871],{"class":62},[56,58026,67],{"class":66},[56,58028,56369],{"class":70},[56,58030,75],{"class":74},[56,58032,78],{"class":70},[56,58034,81],{"class":74},[56,58036,18142],{"class":70},[56,58038,71],{"class":70},[56,58040,901],{"class":74},[56,58042,78],{"class":70},[56,58044,2554],{"class":74},[56,58046,18142],{"class":70},[56,58048,71],{"class":70},[56,58050,75],{"class":74},[56,58052,78],{"class":70},[56,58054,81],{"class":74},[56,58056,18142],{"class":70},[56,58058,71],{"class":70},[56,58060,75],{"class":74},[56,58062,53323],{"class":70},[56,58064,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58066,112],{"class":111},[56,58068,115],{"class":70},[56,58070,7900],{"class":101},[56,58072,98],{"class":70},[56,58074,41339],{"class":101},[56,58076,3084],{"class":70},[56,58078,75],{"class":74},[56,58080,78],{"class":70},[56,58082,81],{"class":74},[56,58084,4823],{"class":70},[56,58086,51496],{"class":123},[20,58088,58089],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[42,58091,58093],{"id":58092},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1030,58095,58097],{"id":58096},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[47,58099,58101],{"className":49,"code":58100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58102,58103,58131,58149,58153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58104,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58106,63],{"class":62},[56,58108,67],{"class":66},[56,58110,71],{"class":70},[56,58112,444],{"class":74},[56,58114,78],{"class":70},[56,58116,449],{"class":74},[56,58118,78],{"class":70},[56,58120,508],{"class":74},[56,58122,78],{"class":70},[56,58124,454],{"class":74},[56,58126,78],{"class":70},[56,58128,508],{"class":74},[56,58130,89],{"class":70},[56,58132,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58134,1156],{"class":62},[56,58136,67],{"class":66},[56,58138,850],{"class":62},[56,58140,98],{"class":70},[56,58142,41339],{"class":101},[56,58144,115],{"class":70},[56,58146,444],{"class":74},[56,58148,238],{"class":70},[56,58150,58151],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58152,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,58154,58155,58157,58159,58161],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58156,112],{"class":111},[56,58158,115],{"class":70},[56,58160,1190],{"class":101},[56,58162,238],{"class":70},[20,58164,241],{},[47,58166,58167],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58168,58169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58170,58171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58172,46697],{"class":74},[1030,58174,58176],{"id":58175},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[47,58178,58180],{"className":49,"code":58179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58181,58182,58224,58246,58250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58183,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58220,58222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58185,4159],{"class":62},[56,58187,67],{"class":66},[56,58189,71],{"class":70},[56,58191,181],{"class":180},[56,58193,37126],{"class":184},[56,58195,181],{"class":180},[56,58197,78],{"class":70},[56,58199,191],{"class":180},[56,58201,58202],{"class":184},"dog",[56,58204,181],{"class":180},[56,58206,78],{"class":70},[56,58208,191],{"class":180},[56,58210,37126],{"class":184},[56,58212,181],{"class":180},[56,58214,78],{"class":70},[56,58216,191],{"class":180},[56,58218,58219],{"class":184},"bird",[56,58221,181],{"class":180},[56,58223,89],{"class":70},[56,58225,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58227,1156],{"class":62},[56,58229,67],{"class":66},[56,58231,6258],{"class":62},[56,58233,98],{"class":70},[56,58235,41339],{"class":101},[56,58237,115],{"class":70},[56,58239,181],{"class":180},[56,58241,37126],{"class":184},[56,58243,181],{"class":180},[56,58245,238],{"class":70},[56,58247,58248],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58249,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,58251,58252,58254,58256,58258],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58253,112],{"class":111},[56,58255,115],{"class":70},[56,58257,1190],{"class":101},[56,58259,238],{"class":70},[20,58261,241],{},[47,58263,58264],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58265,58266],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58267,58268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58269,17137],{"class":74},[1030,58271,58273],{"id":58272},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[47,58275,58277],{"className":49,"code":58276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58278,58279,58303,58321,58325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58280,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58282,63],{"class":62},[56,58284,67],{"class":66},[56,58286,71],{"class":70},[56,58288,75],{"class":74},[56,58290,78],{"class":70},[56,58292,81],{"class":74},[56,58294,78],{"class":70},[56,58296,86],{"class":74},[56,58298,78],{"class":70},[56,58300,2554],{"class":74},[56,58302,89],{"class":70},[56,58304,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58306,1156],{"class":62},[56,58308,67],{"class":66},[56,58310,850],{"class":62},[56,58312,98],{"class":70},[56,58314,41339],{"class":101},[56,58316,115],{"class":70},[56,58318,2235],{"class":74},[56,58320,238],{"class":70},[56,58322,58323],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58324,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,58326,58327,58329,58331,58333],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58328,112],{"class":111},[56,58330,115],{"class":70},[56,58332,1190],{"class":101},[56,58334,238],{"class":70},[20,58336,241],{},[47,58338,58339],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58340,58341],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58342,58343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58344,47332],{"class":74},[1030,58346,58348],{"id":58347},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[47,58350,58352],{"className":49,"code":58351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58353,58354,58400,58422,58426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58355,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58357,9253],{"class":62},[56,58359,67],{"class":66},[56,58361,56369],{"class":70},[56,58363,75],{"class":74},[56,58365,78],{"class":70},[56,58367,81],{"class":74},[56,58369,18142],{"class":70},[56,58371,71],{"class":70},[56,58373,75],{"class":74},[56,58375,78],{"class":70},[56,58377,81],{"class":74},[56,58379,18142],{"class":70},[56,58381,71],{"class":70},[56,58383,1097],{"class":74},[56,58385,78],{"class":70},[56,58387,86],{"class":74},[56,58389,18142],{"class":70},[56,58391,71],{"class":70},[56,58393,75],{"class":74},[56,58395,78],{"class":70},[56,58397,81],{"class":74},[56,58399,53323],{"class":70},[56,58401,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58403,1156],{"class":62},[56,58405,67],{"class":66},[56,58407,14645],{"class":62},[56,58409,98],{"class":70},[56,58411,41339],{"class":101},[56,58413,3084],{"class":70},[56,58415,75],{"class":74},[56,58417,78],{"class":70},[56,58419,81],{"class":74},[56,58421,1607],{"class":70},[56,58423,58424],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58425,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,58427,58428,58430,58432,58434],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58429,112],{"class":111},[56,58431,115],{"class":70},[56,58433,1190],{"class":101},[56,58435,238],{"class":70},[20,58437,241],{},[47,58439,58440],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,58441,58442],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58443,58444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58445,46697],{"class":74},[42,58447,1389,58449],{"id":58448},"when-to-use-count",[15,58450,57365],{},[20,58452,650,58453,58455],{},[15,58454,57365],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58457,58458],{},"Good use cases:",[143,58460,58461,58464,58467],{},[146,58462,58463],{},"counting one specific item",[146,58465,58466],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[146,58468,58469],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58471,163],{},[47,58473,58475],{"className":49,"code":58474,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58476,58477,58518,58542,58546],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58478,58479,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58480,58481],{"class":62},"votes ",[56,58483,67],{"class":66},[56,58485,71],{"class":70},[56,58487,181],{"class":180},[56,58489,8745],{"class":184},[56,58491,181],{"class":180},[56,58493,78],{"class":70},[56,58495,191],{"class":180},[56,58497,8685],{"class":184},[56,58499,181],{"class":180},[56,58501,78],{"class":70},[56,58503,191],{"class":180},[56,58505,8745],{"class":184},[56,58507,181],{"class":180},[56,58509,78],{"class":70},[56,58511,191],{"class":180},[56,58513,8745],{"class":184},[56,58515,181],{"class":180},[56,58517,89],{"class":70},[56,58519,58520,58523,58525,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58521,58522],{"class":62},"yes_votes ",[56,58524,67],{"class":66},[56,58526,58527],{"class":62}," votes",[56,58529,98],{"class":70},[56,58531,41339],{"class":101},[56,58533,115],{"class":70},[56,58535,181],{"class":180},[56,58537,8745],{"class":184},[56,58539,181],{"class":180},[56,58541,238],{"class":70},[56,58543,58544],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58545,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,58547,58548,58550,58552,58555],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58549,112],{"class":111},[56,58551,115],{"class":70},[56,58553,58554],{"class":101},"yes_votes",[56,58556,238],{"class":70},[20,58558,58559,58561],{},[15,58560,57365],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58563,58564,58565,4480,58567,98],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[36,58566,52853],{"href":51060},[36,58568,58570],{"href":58569},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[42,58572,1418],{"id":1417},[20,58574,8535,58575,98],{},[15,58576,57370],{},[1030,58578,58580],{"id":58579},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58582,58583,58585],{},[15,58584,57370],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[47,58587,58589],{"className":49,"code":58588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58590,58591,58624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58594,4159],{"class":62},[56,58596,67],{"class":66},[56,58598,71],{"class":70},[56,58600,181],{"class":180},[56,58602,58603],{"class":184},"apple pie",[56,58605,181],{"class":180},[56,58607,78],{"class":70},[56,58609,191],{"class":180},[56,58611,571],{"class":184},[56,58613,181],{"class":180},[56,58615,78],{"class":70},[56,58617,191],{"class":180},[56,58619,58603],{"class":184},[56,58621,181],{"class":180},[56,58623,89],{"class":70},[56,58625,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58627,112],{"class":111},[56,58629,115],{"class":70},[56,58631,4200],{"class":101},[56,58633,98],{"class":70},[56,58635,41339],{"class":101},[56,58637,115],{"class":70},[56,58639,181],{"class":180},[56,58641,562],{"class":184},[56,58643,181],{"class":180},[56,58645,5451],{"class":70},[56,58647,51328],{"class":123},[20,58649,2586,58650,1911],{},[15,58651,2218],{},[20,58653,29142,58654,58656,58657,98],{},[15,58655,57908],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58658,58659],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58661,58662,58663,98],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58664,58665],{},"str.count()",[1030,58667,1435,58669,8543,58671,2976,58673],{"id":58668},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58670,57365],{},[15,58672,3698],{},[15,58674,3764],{},[20,58676,58677,58679],{},[15,58678,57365],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[47,58681,58683],{"className":49,"code":58682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58684,58685,58709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58686,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58688,63],{"class":62},[56,58690,67],{"class":66},[56,58692,71],{"class":70},[56,58694,75],{"class":74},[56,58696,78],{"class":70},[56,58698,81],{"class":74},[56,58700,78],{"class":70},[56,58702,81],{"class":74},[56,58704,78],{"class":70},[56,58706,86],{"class":74},[56,58708,89],{"class":70},[56,58710,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58712,112],{"class":111},[56,58714,115],{"class":70},[56,58716,95],{"class":101},[56,58718,98],{"class":70},[56,58720,41339],{"class":101},[56,58722,115],{"class":70},[56,58724,1097],{"class":74},[56,58726,5451],{"class":70},[56,58728,51496],{"class":123},[20,58730,58731],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[47,58733,58735],{"className":49,"code":58734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58736,58737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58738,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58740,112],{"class":111},[56,58742,115],{"class":70},[56,58744,1097],{"class":74},[56,58746,21254],{"class":3965},[56,58748,850],{"class":101},[56,58750,120],{"class":70},[56,58752,3754],{"class":123},[1030,58754,58756],{"id":58755},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[47,58758,58760],{"className":49,"code":58759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58761,58762,58795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58763,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58791,58793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58765,5082],{"class":62},[56,58767,67],{"class":66},[56,58769,71],{"class":70},[56,58771,181],{"class":180},[56,58773,7768],{"class":184},[56,58775,181],{"class":180},[56,58777,78],{"class":70},[56,58779,191],{"class":180},[56,58781,20298],{"class":184},[56,58783,181],{"class":180},[56,58785,78],{"class":70},[56,58787,191],{"class":180},[56,58789,58790],{"class":184},"SAM",[56,58792,181],{"class":180},[56,58794,89],{"class":70},[56,58796,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58798,112],{"class":111},[56,58800,115],{"class":70},[56,58802,5126],{"class":101},[56,58804,98],{"class":70},[56,58806,41339],{"class":101},[56,58808,115],{"class":70},[56,58810,181],{"class":180},[56,58812,20298],{"class":184},[56,58814,181],{"class":180},[56,58816,5451],{"class":70},[56,58818,27862],{"class":123},[20,58820,58821,58822,58825],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58823,58824],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1030,58827,29731,58829,33632],{"id":58828},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58830,57365],{},[20,58832,58833],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[47,58835,58837],{"className":49,"code":58836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58838,58839,58849,58863,58881,58895,58907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58840,58841,58843,58845,58847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58842,112],{"class":111},[56,58844,115],{"class":70},[56,58846,302],{"class":101},[56,58848,238],{"class":70},[56,58850,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,58852,112],{"class":111},[56,58854,115],{"class":70},[56,58856,1546],{"class":1545},[56,58858,115],{"class":70},[56,58860,302],{"class":101},[56,58862,1553],{"class":70},[56,58864,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,58866,112],{"class":111},[56,58868,115],{"class":70},[56,58870,302],{"class":101},[56,58872,98],{"class":70},[56,58874,41339],{"class":101},[56,58876,115],{"class":70},[56,58878,2570],{"class":101},[56,58880,1553],{"class":70},[56,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,58884,112],{"class":111},[56,58886,115],{"class":70},[56,58888,2544],{"class":101},[56,58890,3972],{"class":3965},[56,58892,1567],{"class":101},[56,58894,238],{"class":70},[56,58896,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,58898,6048],{"class":3965},[56,58900,6051],{"class":62},[56,58902,3972],{"class":3965},[56,58904,1567],{"class":62},[56,58906,6484],{"class":70},[56,58908,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,58910,8160],{"class":111},[56,58912,115],{"class":70},[56,58914,41859],{"class":111},[56,58916,115],{"class":70},[56,58918,23391],{"class":101},[56,58920,1553],{"class":70},[20,58922,58923],{},"These checks can help you see:",[143,58925,58926,58929,58932],{},[146,58927,58928],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[146,58930,58931],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[146,58933,58934],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58936,58937],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[143,58939,58940,58945,58948,58955],{},[146,58941,50573,58942,58944],{},[15,58943,57365],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[146,58946,58947],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[146,58949,11195,58950,58952,58953],{},[15,58951,57370],{}," with string ",[15,58954,57365],{},[146,58956,58957],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[42,58959,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,58961,1892,58963,58965],{"id":58962},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58964,57370],{}," change the list?",[20,58967,58968],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1030,58970,58972],{"id":58971},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58974,11995,58975,98],{},[15,58976,2218],{},[1030,58978,5258,58980,58982],{"id":58979},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58981,57370],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58984,58985],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1030,58987,14982,58989,58991],{"id":58988},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58990,57370],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58993,42232,58994,4480,58996,58998],{},[15,58995,57911],{},[15,58997,57908],{}," are different values.",[1030,59000,5246,59002,59004,59005,1911],{"id":59001},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59003,3698],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59006,75],{},[20,59008,8872,59009,59011,59012,4480,59014,59011,59016,98],{},[15,59010,3698],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59013,75],{},[15,59015,3764],{},[15,59017,2218],{},[42,59019,1996],{"id":1995},[143,59021,59022,59026,59032,59036,59044,59051],{},[146,59023,59024],{},[36,59025,52853],{"href":51060},[146,59027,59028],{},[36,59029,59031],{"href":59030},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[146,59033,59034],{},[36,59035,7025],{"href":6287},[146,59037,59038],{},[36,59039,1988,59041,1384],{"href":59040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59042,59043],{},"index()",[146,59045,59046],{},[36,59047,2009,59049],{"href":59048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59050,42440],{},[146,59052,59053],{},[36,59054,59055],{"href":58569},"What is a list in Python",[2028,59057,59058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":59060},[59061,59062,59064,59065,59066,59072,59078,59080,59088,59099],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":57462,"depth":92,"text":59063},"What list.count() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":38098,"depth":92,"text":38099},{"id":57784,"depth":92,"text":57785,"children":59067},[59068,59069,59071],{"id":57816,"depth":108,"text":57817},{"id":57915,"depth":108,"text":59070},"1 and True can match",{"id":58014,"depth":108,"text":58015},{"id":58092,"depth":92,"text":58093,"children":59073},[59074,59075,59076,59077],{"id":58096,"depth":108,"text":58097},{"id":58175,"depth":108,"text":58176},{"id":58272,"depth":108,"text":58273},{"id":58347,"depth":108,"text":58348},{"id":58448,"depth":92,"text":59079},"When to use count()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":59081},[59082,59083,59085,59086],{"id":58579,"depth":108,"text":58580},{"id":58668,"depth":108,"text":59084},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58755,"depth":108,"text":58756},{"id":58828,"depth":108,"text":59087},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":59089},[59090,59092,59093,59095,59097],{"id":58962,"depth":108,"text":59091},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58971,"depth":108,"text":58972},{"id":58979,"depth":108,"text":59094},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58988,"depth":108,"text":59096},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59001,"depth":108,"text":59098},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57357,"description":59100},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59107,"title":59108,"body":59109,"description":61072,"extension":2062,"meta":61073,"navigation":600,"path":61074,"seo":61075,"stem":61076,"__hash__":61077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59110,"toc":61035},[59111,59114,59117,59119,59247,59251,59332,59343,59345,59364,59368,59371,59374,59392,59394,59437,59441,59466,59475,59479,59484,59487,59604,59608,59677,59681,59693,59697,59700,59741,59745,59758,59761,59846,59850,59883,59890,59896,59901,59903,59915,59919,59952,59956,59988,59992,60029,60033,60053,60057,60091,60095,60124,60135,60139,60142,60145,60158,60215,60219,60258,60264,60267,60269,60272,60276,60279,60304,60306,60331,60338,60341,60386,60390,60409,60412,60451,60458,60463,60497,60501,60602,60609,60642,60646,60672,60676,60679,60717,60720,60757,60761,60764,60783,60787,60848,60850,60868,60872,60875,60878,60907,60909,60913,60916,60924,60928,60931,60951,60957,60963,60967,60970,60977,60985,60987,61026,61032],[10,59112,59108],{"id":59113},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59115,59116],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[42,59118,45],{"id":44},[47,59120,59122],{"className":49,"code":59121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59123,59124,59144,59176,59184,59202,59206,59216,59226,59237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59125,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59127,63],{"class":62},[56,59129,67],{"class":66},[56,59131,71],{"class":70},[56,59133,75],{"class":74},[56,59135,78],{"class":70},[56,59137,81],{"class":74},[56,59139,78],{"class":70},[56,59141,86],{"class":74},[56,59143,89],{"class":70},[56,59145,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59147,5082],{"class":62},[56,59149,67],{"class":66},[56,59151,71],{"class":70},[56,59153,181],{"class":180},[56,59155,12961],{"class":184},[56,59157,181],{"class":180},[56,59159,78],{"class":70},[56,59161,191],{"class":180},[56,59163,36022],{"class":184},[56,59165,181],{"class":180},[56,59167,78],{"class":70},[56,59169,191],{"class":180},[56,59171,36031],{"class":184},[56,59173,181],{"class":180},[56,59175,89],{"class":70},[56,59177,59178,59180,59182],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59179,56006],{"class":62},[56,59181,67],{"class":66},[56,59183,7929],{"class":70},[56,59185,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,59187,173],{"class":62},[56,59189,67],{"class":66},[56,59191,1878],{"class":1545},[56,59193,115],{"class":70},[56,59195,181],{"class":180},[56,59197,41640],{"class":184},[56,59199,181],{"class":180},[56,59201,238],{"class":70},[56,59203,59204],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,59205,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59207,59208,59210,59212,59214],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,59209,112],{"class":111},[56,59211,115],{"class":70},[56,59213,95],{"class":101},[56,59215,238],{"class":70},[56,59217,59218,59220,59222,59224],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,59219,112],{"class":111},[56,59221,115],{"class":70},[56,59223,5126],{"class":101},[56,59225,238],{"class":70},[56,59227,59228,59230,59232,59235],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,59229,112],{"class":111},[56,59231,115],{"class":70},[56,59233,59234],{"class":101},"empty_list",[56,59236,238],{"class":70},[56,59238,59239,59241,59243,59245],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,59240,112],{"class":111},[56,59242,115],{"class":70},[56,59244,221],{"class":101},[56,59246,238],{"class":70},[20,59248,59249],{},[540,59250,241],{},[47,59252,59254],{"className":49,"code":59253,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59255,59256,59272,59300,59304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59257,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59259,251],{"class":70},[56,59261,75],{"class":74},[56,59263,78],{"class":70},[56,59265,81],{"class":74},[56,59267,78],{"class":70},[56,59269,86],{"class":74},[56,59271,89],{"class":70},[56,59273,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59275,251],{"class":70},[56,59277,254],{"class":180},[56,59279,12961],{"class":184},[56,59281,254],{"class":180},[56,59283,78],{"class":70},[56,59285,263],{"class":180},[56,59287,36022],{"class":184},[56,59289,254],{"class":180},[56,59291,78],{"class":70},[56,59293,263],{"class":180},[56,59295,36031],{"class":184},[56,59297,254],{"class":180},[56,59299,89],{"class":70},[56,59301,59302],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59303,38376],{"class":70},[56,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,59307,251],{"class":70},[56,59309,254],{"class":180},[56,59311,36],{"class":184},[56,59313,254],{"class":180},[56,59315,78],{"class":70},[56,59317,263],{"class":180},[56,59319,194],{"class":184},[56,59321,254],{"class":180},[56,59323,78],{"class":70},[56,59325,263],{"class":180},[56,59327,203],{"class":184},[56,59329,254],{"class":180},[56,59331,89],{"class":70},[20,59333,59334,59335,59337,59338,59340,59341,98],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59336,3876],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59339,24862],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59342,36278],{},[42,59344,15242],{"id":15241},[143,59346,59347,59350,59353,59356,59361],{},[146,59348,59349],{},"What a list is in Python",[146,59351,59352],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[146,59354,59355],{},"How to create an empty list",[146,59357,59358,59359,2400],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59360,24862],{},[146,59362,59363],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[42,59365,59367],{"id":59366},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59369,59370],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59372,59373],{},"This means:",[143,59375,59376,59379,59382,59385],{},[146,59377,59378],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[146,59380,59381],{},"The order of items is kept",[146,59383,59384],{},"A list can hold different data types",[146,59386,59387,59388,59391],{},"A list is ",[540,59389,59390],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59393,163],{},[47,59395,59397],{"className":49,"code":59396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59398,59399,59423,59427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59400,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59402,7871],{"class":62},[56,59404,67],{"class":66},[56,59406,71],{"class":70},[56,59408,181],{"class":180},[56,59410,562],{"class":184},[56,59412,181],{"class":180},[56,59414,78],{"class":70},[56,59416,508],{"class":74},[56,59418,78],{"class":70},[56,59420,4004],{"class":893},[56,59422,89],{"class":70},[56,59424,59425],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59426,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59428,59429,59431,59433,59435],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59430,112],{"class":111},[56,59432,115],{"class":70},[56,59434,7900],{"class":101},[56,59436,238],{"class":70},[20,59438,59439],{},[540,59440,241],{},[47,59442,59444],{"className":49,"code":59443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59445,59446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59449,251],{"class":70},[56,59451,254],{"class":180},[56,59453,562],{"class":184},[56,59455,254],{"class":180},[56,59457,78],{"class":70},[56,59459,508],{"class":74},[56,59461,78],{"class":70},[56,59463,4004],{"class":893},[56,59465,89],{"class":70},[20,59467,59468,59469,2976,59472,98],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[36,59470,59471],{"href":51060},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[36,59473,59474],{"href":58569},"What is a List in Python?",[42,59476,59478],{"id":59477},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59480,59334,59481,59483],{},[15,59482,3876],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59485,59486],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[47,59488,59490],{"className":49,"code":59489,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59491,59492,59512,59544,59569,59573,59583,59593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59493,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59495,63],{"class":62},[56,59497,67],{"class":66},[56,59499,71],{"class":70},[56,59501,75],{"class":74},[56,59503,78],{"class":70},[56,59505,81],{"class":74},[56,59507,78],{"class":70},[56,59509,86],{"class":74},[56,59511,89],{"class":70},[56,59513,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59515,5082],{"class":62},[56,59517,67],{"class":66},[56,59519,71],{"class":70},[56,59521,181],{"class":180},[56,59523,12961],{"class":184},[56,59525,181],{"class":180},[56,59527,78],{"class":70},[56,59529,191],{"class":180},[56,59531,36022],{"class":184},[56,59533,181],{"class":180},[56,59535,78],{"class":70},[56,59537,191],{"class":180},[56,59539,36031],{"class":184},[56,59541,181],{"class":180},[56,59543,89],{"class":70},[56,59545,59546,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59547,59548],{"class":62},"mixed ",[56,59550,67],{"class":66},[56,59552,71],{"class":70},[56,59554,444],{"class":74},[56,59556,78],{"class":70},[56,59558,191],{"class":180},[56,59560,1473],{"class":184},[56,59562,181],{"class":180},[56,59564,78],{"class":70},[56,59566,3995],{"class":893},[56,59568,89],{"class":70},[56,59570,59571],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,59572,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59574,59575,59577,59579,59581],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,59576,112],{"class":111},[56,59578,115],{"class":70},[56,59580,95],{"class":101},[56,59582,238],{"class":70},[56,59584,59585,59587,59589,59591],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,59586,112],{"class":111},[56,59588,115],{"class":70},[56,59590,5126],{"class":101},[56,59592,238],{"class":70},[56,59594,59595,59597,59599,59602],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,59596,112],{"class":111},[56,59598,115],{"class":70},[56,59600,59601],{"class":101},"mixed",[56,59603,238],{"class":70},[20,59605,59606],{},[540,59607,241],{},[47,59609,59611],{"className":49,"code":59610,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59612,59613,59629,59657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59614,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59616,251],{"class":70},[56,59618,75],{"class":74},[56,59620,78],{"class":70},[56,59622,81],{"class":74},[56,59624,78],{"class":70},[56,59626,86],{"class":74},[56,59628,89],{"class":70},[56,59630,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59632,251],{"class":70},[56,59634,254],{"class":180},[56,59636,12961],{"class":184},[56,59638,254],{"class":180},[56,59640,78],{"class":70},[56,59642,263],{"class":180},[56,59644,36022],{"class":184},[56,59646,254],{"class":180},[56,59648,78],{"class":70},[56,59650,263],{"class":180},[56,59652,36031],{"class":184},[56,59654,254],{"class":180},[56,59656,89],{"class":70},[56,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59660,251],{"class":70},[56,59662,444],{"class":74},[56,59664,78],{"class":70},[56,59666,263],{"class":180},[56,59668,1473],{"class":184},[56,59670,254],{"class":180},[56,59672,78],{"class":70},[56,59674,3995],{"class":893},[56,59676,89],{"class":70},[1030,59678,59680],{"id":59679},"key-points","Key points",[143,59682,59683,59688,59690],{},[146,59684,650,59685,59687],{},[15,59686,3876],{}," to make a new list",[146,59689,15512],{},[146,59691,59692],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[42,59694,59696],{"id":59695},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59698,59699],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[47,59701,59703],{"className":49,"code":59702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59704,59705,59713,59717,59727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59706,59707,59709,59711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59708,1506],{"class":62},[56,59710,67],{"class":66},[56,59712,7929],{"class":70},[56,59714,59715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59716,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59718,59719,59721,59723,59725],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59720,112],{"class":111},[56,59722,115],{"class":70},[56,59724,302],{"class":101},[56,59726,238],{"class":70},[56,59728,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,59730,112],{"class":111},[56,59732,115],{"class":70},[56,59734,11250],{"class":111},[56,59736,115],{"class":70},[56,59738,302],{"class":101},[56,59740,1553],{"class":70},[20,59742,59743],{},[540,59744,241],{},[47,59746,59748],{"className":49,"code":59747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[]\n0\n",[15,59749,59750,59754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59751,59752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59753,38376],{"class":70},[56,59755,59756],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59757,47332],{"class":74},[20,59759,59760],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[47,59762,59764],{"className":49,"code":59763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59765,59766,59774,59778,59796,59814,59832,59836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59767,59768,59770,59772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59769,5082],{"class":62},[56,59771,67],{"class":66},[56,59773,7929],{"class":70},[56,59775,59776],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59777,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,59781,5126],{"class":62},[56,59783,98],{"class":70},[56,59785,13631],{"class":101},[56,59787,115],{"class":70},[56,59789,181],{"class":180},[56,59791,12961],{"class":184},[56,59793,181],{"class":180},[56,59795,238],{"class":70},[56,59797,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,59799,5126],{"class":62},[56,59801,98],{"class":70},[56,59803,13631],{"class":101},[56,59805,115],{"class":70},[56,59807,181],{"class":180},[56,59809,36022],{"class":184},[56,59811,181],{"class":180},[56,59813,238],{"class":70},[56,59815,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,59817,5126],{"class":62},[56,59819,98],{"class":70},[56,59821,13631],{"class":101},[56,59823,115],{"class":70},[56,59825,181],{"class":180},[56,59827,36031],{"class":184},[56,59829,181],{"class":180},[56,59831,238],{"class":70},[56,59833,59834],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,59835,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,59837,59838,59840,59842,59844],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,59839,112],{"class":111},[56,59841,115],{"class":70},[56,59843,5126],{"class":101},[56,59845,238],{"class":70},[20,59847,59848],{},[540,59849,241],{},[47,59851,59853],{"className":49,"code":59852,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59854,59855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59856,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59858,251],{"class":70},[56,59860,254],{"class":180},[56,59862,12961],{"class":184},[56,59864,254],{"class":180},[56,59866,78],{"class":70},[56,59868,263],{"class":180},[56,59870,36022],{"class":184},[56,59872,254],{"class":180},[56,59874,78],{"class":70},[56,59876,263],{"class":180},[56,59878,36031],{"class":184},[56,59880,254],{"class":180},[56,59882,89],{"class":70},[20,59884,59885,59886,98],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[36,59887,59888,1384],{"href":56843},[15,59889,52734],{},[42,59891,59893,59894],{"id":59892},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59895,24862],{},[20,59897,650,59898,59900],{},[15,59899,24862],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59902,5547],{},[143,59904,59905,59907,59909,59911],{},[146,59906,5398],{},[146,59908,5392],{},[146,59910,5395],{},[146,59912,59913],{},[15,59914,36278],{},[1030,59916,59918],{"id":59917},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[47,59920,59922],{"className":49,"code":59921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59923,59924,59942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59925,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59927,173],{"class":62},[56,59929,67],{"class":66},[56,59931,1878],{"class":1545},[56,59933,115],{"class":70},[56,59935,181],{"class":180},[56,59937,41640],{"class":184},[56,59939,181],{"class":180},[56,59941,238],{"class":70},[56,59943,59944,59946,59948,59950],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,59945,112],{"class":111},[56,59947,115],{"class":70},[56,59949,221],{"class":101},[56,59951,238],{"class":70},[20,59953,59954],{},[540,59955,241],{},[47,59957,59958],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,59959,59960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59961,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59963,251],{"class":70},[56,59965,254],{"class":180},[56,59967,36],{"class":184},[56,59969,254],{"class":180},[56,59971,78],{"class":70},[56,59973,263],{"class":180},[56,59975,194],{"class":184},[56,59977,254],{"class":180},[56,59979,78],{"class":70},[56,59981,263],{"class":180},[56,59983,203],{"class":184},[56,59985,254],{"class":180},[56,59987,89],{"class":70},[1030,59989,59991],{"id":59990},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[47,59993,59995],{"className":49,"code":59994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59996,59997,60019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59998,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60000,63],{"class":62},[56,60002,67],{"class":66},[56,60004,1878],{"class":1545},[56,60006,5600],{"class":70},[56,60008,75],{"class":74},[56,60010,78],{"class":70},[56,60012,81],{"class":74},[56,60014,78],{"class":70},[56,60016,86],{"class":74},[56,60018,1553],{"class":70},[56,60020,60021,60023,60025,60027],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60022,112],{"class":111},[56,60024,115],{"class":70},[56,60026,95],{"class":101},[56,60028,238],{"class":70},[20,60030,60031],{},[540,60032,241],{},[47,60034,60035],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60036,60037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60038,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60040,251],{"class":70},[56,60042,75],{"class":74},[56,60044,78],{"class":70},[56,60046,81],{"class":74},[56,60048,78],{"class":70},[56,60050,86],{"class":74},[56,60052,89],{"class":70},[1030,60054,60056],{"id":60055},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[47,60058,60060],{"className":49,"code":60059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60061,60062,60081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60063,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60075,60077,60079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60065,3912],{"class":62},[56,60067,67],{"class":66},[56,60069,1878],{"class":1545},[56,60071,115],{"class":70},[56,60073,60074],{"class":111},"range",[56,60076,115],{"class":70},[56,60078,2235],{"class":74},[56,60080,1553],{"class":70},[56,60082,60083,60085,60087,60089],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60084,112],{"class":111},[56,60086,115],{"class":70},[56,60088,5448],{"class":101},[56,60090,238],{"class":70},[20,60092,60093],{},[540,60094,241],{},[47,60096,60098],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60099,60100],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60101,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60103,251],{"class":70},[56,60105,2218],{"class":74},[56,60107,78],{"class":70},[56,60109,910],{"class":74},[56,60111,78],{"class":70},[56,60113,81],{"class":74},[56,60115,78],{"class":70},[56,60117,86],{"class":74},[56,60119,78],{"class":70},[56,60121,2554],{"class":74},[56,60123,89],{"class":70},[20,60125,60126,60128,60129,98],{},[15,60127,24862],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[36,60130,60132,60134],{"href":60131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60133,24862],{},": Function Explained",[42,60136,60138],{"id":60137},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60140,60141],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60143,60144],{},"Examples include:",[143,60146,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155],{},[146,60148,5398],{},[146,60150,40504],{},[146,60152,52127],{},[146,60154,40674],{},[146,60156,60157],{},"other lists",[47,60159,60161],{"className":49,"code":60160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60162,60163,60201,60205],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60164,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60166,9253],{"class":62},[56,60168,67],{"class":66},[56,60170,71],{"class":70},[56,60172,181],{"class":180},[56,60174,12961],{"class":184},[56,60176,181],{"class":180},[56,60178,78],{"class":70},[56,60180,9394],{"class":74},[56,60182,78],{"class":70},[56,60184,4004],{"class":893},[56,60186,78],{"class":70},[56,60188,71],{"class":70},[56,60190,75],{"class":74},[56,60192,78],{"class":70},[56,60194,81],{"class":74},[56,60196,78],{"class":70},[56,60198,86],{"class":74},[56,60200,53323],{"class":70},[56,60202,60203],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60204,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,60206,60207,60209,60211,60213],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,60208,112],{"class":111},[56,60210,115],{"class":70},[56,60212,9292],{"class":101},[56,60214,238],{"class":70},[20,60216,60217],{},[540,60218,241],{},[47,60220,60222],{"className":49,"code":60221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60223,60224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60225,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60227,251],{"class":70},[56,60229,254],{"class":180},[56,60231,12961],{"class":184},[56,60233,254],{"class":180},[56,60235,78],{"class":70},[56,60237,9394],{"class":74},[56,60239,78],{"class":70},[56,60241,4004],{"class":893},[56,60243,78],{"class":70},[56,60245,71],{"class":70},[56,60247,75],{"class":74},[56,60249,78],{"class":70},[56,60251,81],{"class":74},[56,60253,78],{"class":70},[56,60255,86],{"class":74},[56,60257,53323],{"class":70},[20,60259,60260,60261,98],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[540,60262,60263],{},"nested list",[20,60265,60266],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[42,60268,4606],{"id":4605},[20,60270,60271],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1030,60273,60275],{"id":60274},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60277,60278],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[47,60280,60282],{"className":49,"code":60281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60283,60284,60288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60285,60286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60287,4623],{"class":123},[56,60289,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60291,63],{"class":62},[56,60293,67],{"class":66},[56,60295,71],{"class":70},[56,60297,75],{"class":74},[56,60299,81],{"class":74},[56,60301,86],{"class":74},[56,60303,89],{"class":70},[20,60305,10895],{},[47,60307,60309],{"className":49,"code":60308,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60310,60311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60312,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60314,63],{"class":62},[56,60316,67],{"class":66},[56,60318,71],{"class":70},[56,60320,75],{"class":74},[56,60322,78],{"class":70},[56,60324,81],{"class":74},[56,60326,78],{"class":70},[56,60328,86],{"class":74},[56,60330,89],{"class":70},[1030,60332,1441,60334,11180,60336],{"id":60333},"using-instead-of",[15,60335,7456],{},[15,60337,3876],{},[20,60339,60340],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[47,60342,60344],{"className":49,"code":60343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60345,60346,60367,60371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60347,60348,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60349,60350],{"class":62},"my_values ",[56,60352,67],{"class":66},[56,60354,9324],{"class":70},[56,60356,75],{"class":74},[56,60358,78],{"class":70},[56,60360,81],{"class":74},[56,60362,78],{"class":70},[56,60364,86],{"class":74},[56,60366,238],{"class":70},[56,60368,60369],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60370,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,60372,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60384],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,60374,112],{"class":111},[56,60376,115],{"class":70},[56,60378,1546],{"class":1545},[56,60380,115],{"class":70},[56,60382,60383],{"class":101},"my_values",[56,60385,1553],{"class":70},[20,60387,60388],{},[540,60389,241],{},[47,60391,60393],{"className":49,"code":60392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60394,60395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60396,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60398,1635],{"class":66},[56,60400,1639],{"class":1638},[56,60402,263],{"class":180},[56,60404,49034],{"class":184},[56,60406,254],{"class":180},[56,60408,1649],{"class":66},[20,60410,60411],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[47,60413,60415],{"className":49,"code":60414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60416,60417,60437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60418,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60420,60350],{"class":62},[56,60422,67],{"class":66},[56,60424,71],{"class":70},[56,60426,75],{"class":74},[56,60428,78],{"class":70},[56,60430,81],{"class":74},[56,60432,78],{"class":70},[56,60434,86],{"class":74},[56,60436,89],{"class":70},[56,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60440,112],{"class":111},[56,60442,115],{"class":70},[56,60444,1546],{"class":1545},[56,60446,115],{"class":70},[56,60448,60383],{"class":101},[56,60450,1553],{"class":70},[1030,60452,1435,60454,60457],{"id":60453},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60455,60456],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60459,60460,60462],{},[15,60461,24862],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[47,60464,60466],{"className":49,"code":60465,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60467,60468,60487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60469,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60483,60485],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60471,1156],{"class":62},[56,60473,67],{"class":66},[56,60475,1878],{"class":1545},[56,60477,115],{"class":70},[56,60479,181],{"class":180},[56,60481,60482],{"class":184},"hello world",[56,60484,181],{"class":180},[56,60486,238],{"class":70},[56,60488,60489,60491,60493,60495],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60490,112],{"class":111},[56,60492,115],{"class":70},[56,60494,1190],{"class":101},[56,60496,238],{"class":70},[20,60498,60499],{},[540,60500,241],{},[47,60502,60504],{"className":49,"code":60503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60505,60506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60507,60508,60510,60512,60515,60517,60519,60521,60524,60526,60528,60530,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60509,251],{"class":70},[56,60511,254],{"class":180},[56,60513,60514],{"class":184},"h",[56,60516,254],{"class":180},[56,60518,78],{"class":70},[56,60520,263],{"class":180},[56,60522,60523],{"class":184},"e",[56,60525,254],{"class":180},[56,60527,78],{"class":70},[56,60529,263],{"class":180},[56,60531,60532],{"class":184},"l",[56,60534,254],{"class":180},[56,60536,78],{"class":70},[56,60538,263],{"class":180},[56,60540,60532],{"class":184},[56,60542,254],{"class":180},[56,60544,78],{"class":70},[56,60546,263],{"class":180},[56,60548,60549],{"class":184},"o",[56,60551,254],{"class":180},[56,60553,78],{"class":70},[56,60555,263],{"class":180},[56,60557,263],{"class":180},[56,60559,78],{"class":70},[56,60561,263],{"class":180},[56,60563,60564],{"class":184},"w",[56,60566,254],{"class":180},[56,60568,78],{"class":70},[56,60570,263],{"class":180},[56,60572,60549],{"class":184},[56,60574,254],{"class":180},[56,60576,78],{"class":70},[56,60578,263],{"class":180},[56,60580,60581],{"class":184},"r",[56,60583,254],{"class":180},[56,60585,78],{"class":70},[56,60587,263],{"class":180},[56,60589,60532],{"class":184},[56,60591,254],{"class":180},[56,60593,78],{"class":70},[56,60595,263],{"class":180},[56,60597,212],{"class":184},[56,60599,254],{"class":180},[56,60601,89],{"class":70},[20,60603,60604,60605,60608],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60606,60607],{},"split()"," instead:",[47,60610,60612],{"className":49,"code":60611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60613,60614,60632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60615,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60617,4159],{"class":62},[56,60619,67],{"class":66},[56,60621,191],{"class":180},[56,60623,60482],{"class":184},[56,60625,181],{"class":180},[56,60627,98],{"class":70},[56,60629,34550],{"class":101},[56,60631,105],{"class":70},[56,60633,60634,60636,60638,60640],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60635,112],{"class":111},[56,60637,115],{"class":70},[56,60639,4200],{"class":101},[56,60641,238],{"class":70},[20,60643,60644],{},[540,60645,241],{},[47,60647,60649],{"className":49,"code":60648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60650,60651],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60652,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60668,60670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60654,251],{"class":70},[56,60656,254],{"class":180},[56,60658,1473],{"class":184},[56,60660,254],{"class":180},[56,60662,78],{"class":70},[56,60664,263],{"class":180},[56,60666,60667],{"class":184},"world",[56,60669,254],{"class":180},[56,60671,89],{"class":70},[1030,60673,60675],{"id":60674},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60677,60678],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[47,60680,60682],{"className":49,"code":60681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60683,60684,60688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60685,60686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60687,4623],{"class":123},[56,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60709,60711,60713,60715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60691,5082],{"class":62},[56,60693,67],{"class":66},[56,60695,71],{"class":70},[56,60697,181],{"class":180},[56,60699,12961],{"class":184},[56,60701,181],{"class":180},[56,60703,78],{"class":70},[56,60705,191],{"class":180},[56,60707,60708],{"class":184},"Ben', ",[56,60710,181],{"class":180},[56,60712,36031],{"class":62},[56,60714,181],{"class":180},[56,60716,89],{"class":184},[20,60718,60719],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[47,60721,60723],{"className":49,"code":60722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60724,60725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60728,5082],{"class":62},[56,60730,67],{"class":66},[56,60732,71],{"class":70},[56,60734,181],{"class":180},[56,60736,12961],{"class":184},[56,60738,181],{"class":180},[56,60740,78],{"class":70},[56,60742,191],{"class":180},[56,60744,36022],{"class":184},[56,60746,181],{"class":180},[56,60748,78],{"class":70},[56,60750,191],{"class":180},[56,60752,36031],{"class":184},[56,60754,181],{"class":180},[56,60756,89],{"class":70},[1030,60758,60760],{"id":60759},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60762,60763],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[143,60765,60766,60769,60772,60777],{},[146,60767,60768],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[146,60770,60771],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[146,60773,60774,60775],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60776,24862],{},[146,60778,1435,60779,60782],{},[15,60780,60781],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1030,60784,60786],{"id":60785},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[47,60788,60790],{"className":49,"code":60789,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60791,60792,60802,60816,60830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60793,60794,60796,60798,60800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60795,112],{"class":111},[56,60797,115],{"class":70},[56,60799,302],{"class":101},[56,60801,238],{"class":70},[56,60803,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,60805,112],{"class":111},[56,60807,115],{"class":70},[56,60809,1546],{"class":1545},[56,60811,115],{"class":70},[56,60813,302],{"class":101},[56,60815,1553],{"class":70},[56,60817,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,60819,112],{"class":111},[56,60821,115],{"class":70},[56,60823,11250],{"class":111},[56,60825,115],{"class":70},[56,60827,302],{"class":101},[56,60829,1553],{"class":70},[56,60831,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,60833,112],{"class":111},[56,60835,115],{"class":70},[56,60837,1644],{"class":1545},[56,60839,115],{"class":70},[56,60841,60074],{"class":111},[56,60843,115],{"class":70},[56,60845,2235],{"class":74},[56,60847,3010],{"class":70},[20,60849,26090],{},[143,60851,60852,60855,60858,60861],{},[146,60853,60854],{},"what the list contains",[146,60856,60857],{},"whether the value is really a list",[146,60859,60860],{},"how many items it has",[146,60862,26101,60863,60865,60866],{},[15,60864,24862],{}," does with ",[15,60867,36278],{},[42,60869,60871],{"id":60870},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60873,60874],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60876,60877],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[143,60879,60880,60895,60900],{},[146,60881,650,60882,2287,60886,17153,60890,60894],{},[36,60883,60884],{"href":56843},[15,60885,52734],{},[36,60887,60888],{"href":53425},[15,60889,53527],{},[36,60891,60892],{"href":53988},[15,60893,54348],{}," to add items later",[146,60896,650,60897,60899],{},[36,60898,59471],{"href":51060}," for a broader introduction",[146,60901,650,60902,60906],{},[36,60903,60904,60134],{"href":60131},[15,60905,24862],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[42,60908,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,60910,60912],{"id":60911},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60914,60915],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[47,60917,60918],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60919,60920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60921,60922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60923,38376],{"class":70},[1030,60925,60927],{"id":60926},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60929,60930],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[47,60932,60933],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,60934,60935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60936,60937,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60938,251],{"class":70},[56,60940,75],{"class":74},[56,60942,78],{"class":70},[56,60944,81],{"class":74},[56,60946,78],{"class":70},[56,60948,86],{"class":74},[56,60950,89],{"class":70},[1030,60952,5230,60954,60956],{"id":60953},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60955,24862],{}," do in Python?",[20,60958,60959,60960,60962],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60961,36278],{},", into a list.",[1030,60964,60966],{"id":60965},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60968,60969],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1030,60971,5268,60973,4480,60975,1911],{"id":60972},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60974,3876],{},[15,60976,7456],{},[20,60978,60979,60981,60982,60984],{},[15,60980,3876],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60983,7456],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[42,60986,1996],{"id":1995},[143,60988,60989,60993,60999,61005,61011,61017,61021],{},[146,60990,60991],{},[36,60992,59471],{"href":51060},[146,60994,60995],{},[36,60996,1988,60997,18],{"href":56843},[15,60998,52734],{},[146,61000,61001],{},[36,61002,1988,61003,18],{"href":53425},[15,61004,53527],{},[146,61006,61007],{},[36,61008,1988,61009,18],{"href":53988},[15,61010,54348],{},[146,61012,61013],{},[36,61014,2009,61015,3673],{"href":60131},[15,61016,24862],{},[146,61018,61019],{},[36,61020,59474],{"href":58569},[146,61022,61023],{},[36,61024,61025],{"href":12148},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61027,61028,61029,61031],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61030,52734],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2028,61033,61034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":61036},[61037,61038,61039,61040,61043,61044,61050,61051,61061,61062,61071],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":59366,"depth":92,"text":59367},{"id":59477,"depth":92,"text":59478,"children":61041},[61042],{"id":59679,"depth":108,"text":59680},{"id":59695,"depth":92,"text":59696},{"id":59892,"depth":92,"text":61045,"children":61046},"Create a list with list()",[61047,61048,61049],{"id":59917,"depth":108,"text":59918},{"id":59990,"depth":108,"text":59991},{"id":60055,"depth":108,"text":60056},{"id":60137,"depth":92,"text":60138},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":61052},[61053,61054,61056,61058,61059,61060],{"id":60274,"depth":108,"text":60275},{"id":60333,"depth":108,"text":61055},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60453,"depth":108,"text":61057},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60674,"depth":108,"text":60675},{"id":60759,"depth":108,"text":60760},{"id":60785,"depth":108,"text":60786},{"id":60870,"depth":92,"text":60871},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":61063},[61064,61065,61066,61068,61069],{"id":60911,"depth":108,"text":60912},{"id":60926,"depth":108,"text":60927},{"id":60953,"depth":108,"text":61067},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60965,"depth":108,"text":60966},{"id":60972,"depth":108,"text":61070},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59108,"description":61072},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61079,"title":61080,"body":61081,"description":62820,"extension":2062,"meta":62821,"navigation":600,"path":62822,"seo":62823,"stem":62824,"__hash__":62825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61082,"toc":62775},[61083,61088,61093,61096,61098,61169,61174,61179,61183,61197,61202,61204,61224,61229,61232,61255,61259,61264,61356,61358,61380,61386,61392,61399,61406,61412,61469,61475,61533,61535,61547,61555,61561,61566,61570,61627,61630,61634,61693,61696,61700,61758,61770,61774,61827,61830,61834,61840,61846,61908,61911,61972,61974,62030,62035,62037,62041,62048,62109,62114,62123,62179,62186,62190,62248,62257,62315,62319,62354,62358,62368,62371,62426,62440,62443,62558,62563,62567,62578,62580,62659,62669,62671,62676,62680,62687,62695,62701,62704,62710,62713,62719,62725,62727,62763,62772],[10,61084,13,61086,18],{"id":61085},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61087,53527],{},[20,61089,61090,61092],{},[15,61091,53428],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61094,61095],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[42,61097,2104],{"id":2103},[47,61099,61101],{"className":49,"code":61100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61102,61103,61119,61136,61140,61155,61165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61104,61105,61107,61109,61111,61113,61115,61117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61106,63],{"class":62},[56,61108,67],{"class":66},[56,61110,71],{"class":70},[56,61112,75],{"class":74},[56,61114,78],{"class":70},[56,61116,81],{"class":74},[56,61118,89],{"class":70},[56,61120,61121,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61122,61123],{"class":62},"more_numbers ",[56,61125,67],{"class":66},[56,61127,71],{"class":70},[56,61129,901],{"class":74},[56,61131,78],{"class":70},[56,61133,2554],{"class":74},[56,61135,89],{"class":70},[56,61137,61138],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61139,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61141,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61153],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61143,95],{"class":62},[56,61145,98],{"class":70},[56,61147,53557],{"class":101},[56,61149,115],{"class":70},[56,61151,61152],{"class":101},"more_numbers",[56,61154,238],{"class":70},[56,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61158,112],{"class":111},[56,61160,115],{"class":70},[56,61162,95],{"class":101},[56,61164,238],{"class":70},[56,61166,61167],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,61168,52805],{"class":123},[20,61170,650,61171,61173],{},[15,61172,53527],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[42,61175,133,61177,136],{"id":61176},"what-listextend-does",[15,61178,53428],{},[20,61180,61181,141],{},[15,61182,53527],{},[143,61184,61185,61188,61190,61193],{},[146,61186,61187],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[146,61189,54507],{},[146,61191,61192],{},"Does not create a new list",[146,61194,154,61195],{},[15,61196,157],{},[20,61198,61199,61200,53881],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61201,53527],{},[42,61203,289],{"id":288},[47,61205,61207],{"className":49,"code":61206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61208,61209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61210,61211,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61212,61213],{"class":62},"list_name",[56,61215,98],{"class":70},[56,61217,53557],{"class":101},[56,61219,115],{"class":70},[56,61221,3810],{"class":101},[56,61223,238],{"class":70},[20,61225,5542,61226,61228],{},[540,61227,3810],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61230,61231],{},"Common iterables include:",[143,61233,61234,61238,61242,61246,61251],{},[146,61235,61236],{},[15,61237,1644],{},[146,61239,61240],{},[15,61241,49034],{},[146,61243,61244],{},[15,61245,6377],{},[146,61247,61248],{},[15,61249,61250],{},"string",[146,61252,61253],{},[15,61254,60074],{},[42,61256,61258],{"id":61257},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61260,61261,61262,141],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61263,53527],{},[47,61265,61267],{"className":49,"code":61266,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61268,61269,61293,61318,61322,61337,61341,61351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61270,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61272,553],{"class":62},[56,61274,67],{"class":66},[56,61276,71],{"class":70},[56,61278,181],{"class":180},[56,61280,562],{"class":184},[56,61282,181],{"class":180},[56,61284,78],{"class":70},[56,61286,191],{"class":180},[56,61288,571],{"class":184},[56,61290,181],{"class":180},[56,61292,89],{"class":70},[56,61294,61295,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61296,61297],{"class":62},"more_fruits ",[56,61299,67],{"class":66},[56,61301,71],{"class":70},[56,61303,181],{"class":180},[56,61305,33304],{"class":184},[56,61307,181],{"class":180},[56,61309,78],{"class":70},[56,61311,191],{"class":180},[56,61313,22614],{"class":184},[56,61315,181],{"class":180},[56,61317,89],{"class":70},[56,61319,61320],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61321,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61335],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61325,589],{"class":62},[56,61327,98],{"class":70},[56,61329,53557],{"class":101},[56,61331,115],{"class":70},[56,61333,61334],{"class":101},"more_fruits",[56,61336,238],{"class":70},[56,61338,61339],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61340,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61342,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,61344,112],{"class":111},[56,61346,115],{"class":70},[56,61348,589],{"class":101},[56,61350,238],{"class":70},[56,61352,61353],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,61354,61355],{"class":123},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61357,513],{},[143,61359,61360,61365,61370],{},[146,61361,61362,61364],{},[15,61363,589],{}," starts with two items",[146,61366,61367,61369],{},[15,61368,61334],{}," has two more items",[146,61371,61372,61374,61375,61377,61378],{},[15,61373,53527],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61376,61334],{}," to ",[15,61379,589],{},[20,61381,61382,61383,61385],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61384,589],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61387,54646,61388,4480,61390,98],{},[36,61389,52853],{"href":51060},[36,61391,57229],{"href":57228},[42,61393,61395,1021,61397],{"id":61394},"extend-vs-append",[15,61396,53527],{},[15,61398,52734],{},[20,61400,61401,4480,61403,61405],{},[15,61402,53527],{},[15,61404,52734],{}," are often confused.",[1030,61407,61409,61411],{"id":61408},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61410,53527],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[47,61413,61415],{"className":49,"code":61414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61416,61417,61433,61451,61455,61465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61418,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61420,63],{"class":62},[56,61422,67],{"class":66},[56,61424,71],{"class":70},[56,61426,75],{"class":74},[56,61428,78],{"class":70},[56,61430,81],{"class":74},[56,61432,89],{"class":70},[56,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61436,95],{"class":62},[56,61438,98],{"class":70},[56,61440,53557],{"class":101},[56,61442,3084],{"class":70},[56,61444,901],{"class":74},[56,61446,78],{"class":70},[56,61448,2554],{"class":74},[56,61450,1607],{"class":70},[56,61452,61453],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61454,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61456,61457,61459,61461,61463],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61458,112],{"class":111},[56,61460,115],{"class":70},[56,61462,95],{"class":101},[56,61464,238],{"class":70},[56,61466,61467],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61468,52805],{"class":123},[1030,61470,61472,61474],{"id":61471},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61473,52734],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[47,61476,61478],{"className":49,"code":61477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61479,61480,61496,61514,61518,61528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61481,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61483,63],{"class":62},[56,61485,67],{"class":66},[56,61487,71],{"class":70},[56,61489,75],{"class":74},[56,61491,78],{"class":70},[56,61493,81],{"class":74},[56,61495,89],{"class":70},[56,61497,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61499,95],{"class":62},[56,61501,98],{"class":70},[56,61503,13631],{"class":101},[56,61505,3084],{"class":70},[56,61507,901],{"class":74},[56,61509,78],{"class":70},[56,61511,2554],{"class":74},[56,61513,1607],{"class":70},[56,61515,61516],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61517,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61519,61520,61522,61524,61526],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61521,112],{"class":111},[56,61523,115],{"class":70},[56,61525,95],{"class":101},[56,61527,238],{"class":70},[56,61529,61530],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61531,61532],{"class":123},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61534,18775],{},[143,61536,61537,61542],{},[146,61538,61539,61541],{},[15,61540,53527],{}," to combine values",[146,61543,61544,61546],{},[15,61545,52734],{}," to add one item",[20,61548,42173,61549,4480,61553,98],{},[36,61550,1988,61551,1384],{"href":56843},[15,61552,52734],{},[36,61554,53130],{"href":53129},[42,61556,1441,61558,61560],{"id":61557},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61559,53527],{}," with different iterables",[20,61562,61563,61565],{},[15,61564,53527],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1030,61567,61569],{"id":61568},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[47,61571,61573],{"className":49,"code":61572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61574,61575,61591,61609,61613,61623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61578,3912],{"class":62},[56,61580,67],{"class":66},[56,61582,71],{"class":70},[56,61584,75],{"class":74},[56,61586,78],{"class":70},[56,61588,81],{"class":74},[56,61590,89],{"class":70},[56,61592,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61594,5448],{"class":62},[56,61596,98],{"class":70},[56,61598,53557],{"class":101},[56,61600,5600],{"class":70},[56,61602,901],{"class":74},[56,61604,78],{"class":70},[56,61606,2554],{"class":74},[56,61608,1553],{"class":70},[56,61610,61611],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61612,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61616,112],{"class":111},[56,61618,115],{"class":70},[56,61620,5448],{"class":101},[56,61622,238],{"class":70},[56,61624,61625],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61626,52805],{"class":123},[20,61628,61629],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1030,61631,61633],{"id":61632},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[47,61635,61637],{"className":49,"code":61636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61638,61639,61655,61674,61678,61688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61642,173],{"class":62},[56,61644,67],{"class":66},[56,61646,71],{"class":70},[56,61648,181],{"class":180},[56,61650,36],{"class":184},[56,61652,181],{"class":180},[56,61654,89],{"class":70},[56,61656,61657,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61670,61672],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61658,221],{"class":62},[56,61660,98],{"class":70},[56,61662,53557],{"class":101},[56,61664,115],{"class":70},[56,61666,181],{"class":180},[56,61668,61669],{"class":184},"bc",[56,61671,181],{"class":180},[56,61673,238],{"class":70},[56,61675,61676],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61677,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61679,61680,61682,61684,61686],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61681,112],{"class":111},[56,61683,115],{"class":70},[56,61685,221],{"class":101},[56,61687,238],{"class":70},[56,61689,61690],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61691,61692],{"class":123},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61694,61695],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1030,61697,61699],{"id":61698},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[47,61701,61703],{"className":49,"code":61702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61704,61705,61717,61739,61743,61753],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61708,63],{"class":62},[56,61710,67],{"class":66},[56,61712,71],{"class":70},[56,61714,2218],{"class":74},[56,61716,89],{"class":70},[56,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61720,95],{"class":62},[56,61722,98],{"class":70},[56,61724,53557],{"class":101},[56,61726,115],{"class":70},[56,61728,60074],{"class":111},[56,61730,115],{"class":70},[56,61732,75],{"class":74},[56,61734,78],{"class":70},[56,61736,2554],{"class":74},[56,61738,1553],{"class":70},[56,61740,61741],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61742,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61746,112],{"class":111},[56,61748,115],{"class":70},[56,61750,95],{"class":101},[56,61752,238],{"class":70},[56,61754,61755],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61756,61757],{"class":123},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61759,61760,61763,61764,2287,61766,17153,61768,98],{},[15,61761,61762],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61765,75],{},[15,61767,1097],{},[15,61769,901],{},[1030,61771,61773],{"id":61772},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[47,61775,61777],{"className":49,"code":61776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61778,61779,61795,61813,61817],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61780,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61782,7871],{"class":62},[56,61784,67],{"class":66},[56,61786,71],{"class":70},[56,61788,75],{"class":74},[56,61790,78],{"class":70},[56,61792,81],{"class":74},[56,61794,89],{"class":70},[56,61796,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61798,7900],{"class":62},[56,61800,98],{"class":70},[56,61802,53557],{"class":101},[56,61804,5619],{"class":70},[56,61806,901],{"class":74},[56,61808,78],{"class":70},[56,61810,2554],{"class":74},[56,61812,30578],{"class":70},[56,61814,61815],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61816,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61818,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61820,112],{"class":111},[56,61822,115],{"class":70},[56,61824,7900],{"class":101},[56,61826,238],{"class":70},[20,61828,61829],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[42,61831,61833],{"id":61832},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61835,61836,2494,61838,98],{},[15,61837,53527],{},[15,61839,157],{},[20,61841,61842,61843,141],{},"That means this is ",[540,61844,61845],{},"wrong",[47,61847,61849],{"className":49,"code":61848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61850,61851,61867,61889,61893,61903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61852,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61854,63],{"class":62},[56,61856,67],{"class":66},[56,61858,71],{"class":70},[56,61860,75],{"class":74},[56,61862,78],{"class":70},[56,61864,81],{"class":74},[56,61866,89],{"class":70},[56,61868,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61870,1156],{"class":62},[56,61872,67],{"class":66},[56,61874,850],{"class":62},[56,61876,98],{"class":70},[56,61878,53557],{"class":101},[56,61880,3084],{"class":70},[56,61882,901],{"class":74},[56,61884,78],{"class":70},[56,61886,2554],{"class":74},[56,61888,1607],{"class":70},[56,61890,61891],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61892,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61894,61895,61897,61899,61901],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61896,112],{"class":111},[56,61898,115],{"class":70},[56,61900,1190],{"class":101},[56,61902,238],{"class":70},[56,61904,61905],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61906,61907],{"class":123},"# None\n",[20,61909,61910],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[47,61912,61914],{"className":49,"code":61913,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61915,61916,61932,61954,61958,61968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61917,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61919,63],{"class":62},[56,61921,67],{"class":66},[56,61923,71],{"class":70},[56,61925,75],{"class":74},[56,61927,78],{"class":70},[56,61929,81],{"class":74},[56,61931,89],{"class":70},[56,61933,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61935,63],{"class":62},[56,61937,67],{"class":66},[56,61939,850],{"class":62},[56,61941,98],{"class":70},[56,61943,53557],{"class":101},[56,61945,3084],{"class":70},[56,61947,901],{"class":74},[56,61949,78],{"class":70},[56,61951,2554],{"class":74},[56,61953,1607],{"class":70},[56,61955,61956],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,61957,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,61961,112],{"class":111},[56,61963,115],{"class":70},[56,61965,95],{"class":101},[56,61967,238],{"class":70},[56,61969,61970],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,61971,61907],{"class":123},[20,61973,943],{},[47,61975,61976],{"className":49,"code":61414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,61977,61978,61994,62012,62016,62026],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61979,61980,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61981,63],{"class":62},[56,61983,67],{"class":66},[56,61985,71],{"class":70},[56,61987,75],{"class":74},[56,61989,78],{"class":70},[56,61991,81],{"class":74},[56,61993,89],{"class":70},[56,61995,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,61997,95],{"class":62},[56,61999,98],{"class":70},[56,62001,53557],{"class":101},[56,62003,3084],{"class":70},[56,62005,901],{"class":74},[56,62007,78],{"class":70},[56,62009,2554],{"class":74},[56,62011,1607],{"class":70},[56,62013,62014],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62015,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62017,62018,62020,62022,62024],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62019,112],{"class":111},[56,62021,115],{"class":70},[56,62023,95],{"class":101},[56,62025,238],{"class":70},[56,62027,62028],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62029,52805],{"class":123},[20,62031,55984,62032,62034],{},[15,62033,53527],{}," first, then use the original list.",[42,62036,4606],{"id":4605},[20,62038,14812,62039,98],{},[15,62040,53527],{},[1030,62042,62044,62045,62047],{"id":62043},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62046,53527],{}," to return a new list",[47,62049,62051],{"className":49,"code":62050,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62052,62053,62069,62091,62095,62105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62054,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62056,63],{"class":62},[56,62058,67],{"class":66},[56,62060,71],{"class":70},[56,62062,75],{"class":74},[56,62064,78],{"class":70},[56,62066,81],{"class":74},[56,62068,89],{"class":70},[56,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087,62089],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62072,55718],{"class":62},[56,62074,67],{"class":66},[56,62076,850],{"class":62},[56,62078,98],{"class":70},[56,62080,53557],{"class":101},[56,62082,3084],{"class":70},[56,62084,901],{"class":74},[56,62086,78],{"class":70},[56,62088,2554],{"class":74},[56,62090,1607],{"class":70},[56,62092,62093],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62094,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62096,62097,62099,62101,62103],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62098,112],{"class":111},[56,62100,115],{"class":70},[56,62102,55737],{"class":101},[56,62104,238],{"class":70},[56,62106,62107],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62108,61907],{"class":123},[20,62110,62111,62112,98],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62113,53527],{},[1030,62115,62117,62118,44710,62120,62122],{"id":62116},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62119,52734],{},[15,62121,53527],{}," is needed",[47,62124,62125],{"className":49,"code":61477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,62126,62127,62143,62161,62165,62175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62128,62129,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62130,63],{"class":62},[56,62132,67],{"class":66},[56,62134,71],{"class":70},[56,62136,75],{"class":74},[56,62138,78],{"class":70},[56,62140,81],{"class":74},[56,62142,89],{"class":70},[56,62144,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62146,95],{"class":62},[56,62148,98],{"class":70},[56,62150,13631],{"class":101},[56,62152,3084],{"class":70},[56,62154,901],{"class":74},[56,62156,78],{"class":70},[56,62158,2554],{"class":74},[56,62160,1607],{"class":70},[56,62162,62163],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62164,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62168,112],{"class":111},[56,62170,115],{"class":70},[56,62172,95],{"class":101},[56,62174,238],{"class":70},[56,62176,62177],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62178,61532],{"class":123},[20,62180,62181,62182,53971,62184,6720],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62183,53970],{},[15,62185,53527],{},[1030,62187,62189],{"id":62188},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[47,62191,62193],{"className":49,"code":62192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62194,62195,62211,62229,62233,62243],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62196,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62198,4159],{"class":62},[56,62200,67],{"class":66},[56,62202,71],{"class":70},[56,62204,181],{"class":180},[56,62206,1473],{"class":184},[56,62208,181],{"class":180},[56,62210,89],{"class":70},[56,62212,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221,62223,62225,62227],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62214,4200],{"class":62},[56,62216,98],{"class":70},[56,62218,53557],{"class":101},[56,62220,115],{"class":70},[56,62222,181],{"class":180},[56,62224,60667],{"class":184},[56,62226,181],{"class":180},[56,62228,238],{"class":70},[56,62230,62231],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62232,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62234,62235,62237,62239,62241],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62236,112],{"class":111},[56,62238,115],{"class":70},[56,62240,4200],{"class":101},[56,62242,238],{"class":70},[56,62244,62245],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62246,62247],{"class":123},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62249,62250,62251,62254,62255,141],{},"If you want ",[15,62252,62253],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62256,52734],{},[47,62258,62260],{"className":49,"code":62259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62261,62262,62278,62296,62300,62310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62263,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62265,4159],{"class":62},[56,62267,67],{"class":66},[56,62269,71],{"class":70},[56,62271,181],{"class":180},[56,62273,1473],{"class":184},[56,62275,181],{"class":180},[56,62277,89],{"class":70},[56,62279,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62281,4200],{"class":62},[56,62283,98],{"class":70},[56,62285,13631],{"class":101},[56,62287,115],{"class":70},[56,62289,181],{"class":180},[56,62291,60667],{"class":184},[56,62293,181],{"class":180},[56,62295,238],{"class":70},[56,62297,62298],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62299,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62301,62302,62304,62306,62308],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62303,112],{"class":111},[56,62305,115],{"class":70},[56,62307,4200],{"class":101},[56,62309,238],{"class":70},[56,62311,62312],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62313,62314],{"class":123},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1030,62316,62318],{"id":62317},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[47,62320,62322],{"className":49,"code":62321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62323,62324,62340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62325,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62327,63],{"class":62},[56,62329,67],{"class":66},[56,62331,71],{"class":70},[56,62333,75],{"class":74},[56,62335,78],{"class":70},[56,62337,81],{"class":74},[56,62339,89],{"class":70},[56,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62343,95],{"class":62},[56,62345,98],{"class":70},[56,62347,53557],{"class":101},[56,62349,115],{"class":70},[56,62351,2235],{"class":74},[56,62353,238],{"class":70},[20,62355,39733,62356,6640],{},[15,62357,2235],{},[20,62359,62360,62361,62363,62364,62367],{},"You will get a ",[15,62362,3103],{},". See ",[36,62365,62366],{"href":52681},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62369,62370],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[47,62372,62374],{"className":49,"code":62373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62375,62376,62386,62400,62412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62377,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62379,112],{"class":111},[56,62381,115],{"class":70},[56,62383,302],{"class":101},[56,62385,238],{"class":70},[56,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62389,112],{"class":111},[56,62391,115],{"class":70},[56,62393,1546],{"class":1545},[56,62395,115],{"class":70},[56,62397,5448],{"class":101},[56,62399,1553],{"class":70},[56,62401,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62403,112],{"class":111},[56,62405,115],{"class":70},[56,62407,1190],{"class":101},[56,62409,120],{"class":70},[56,62411,238],{"class":62},[56,62413,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62415,32235],{"class":111},[56,62417,115],{"class":70},[56,62419,1644],{"class":1545},[56,62421,98],{"class":70},[56,62423,53557],{"class":24831},[56,62425,238],{"class":70},[43660,62427,62428],{},[20,62429,62430,62431,62434,62435,62437,62438,98],{},"Note: ",[15,62432,62433],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62436,120],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62439,33110],{},[20,62441,62442],{},"Correct debugging example:",[47,62444,62446],{"className":49,"code":62445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62447,62448,62464,62480,62484,62498,62502,62510,62520,62534,62544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62449,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62451,1506],{"class":62},[56,62453,67],{"class":66},[56,62455,71],{"class":70},[56,62457,75],{"class":74},[56,62459,78],{"class":70},[56,62461,81],{"class":74},[56,62463,89],{"class":70},[56,62465,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62467,3912],{"class":62},[56,62469,67],{"class":66},[56,62471,71],{"class":70},[56,62473,901],{"class":74},[56,62475,78],{"class":70},[56,62477,2554],{"class":74},[56,62479,89],{"class":70},[56,62481,62482],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62483,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62487,302],{"class":62},[56,62489,98],{"class":70},[56,62491,53557],{"class":101},[56,62493,115],{"class":70},[56,62495,5448],{"class":101},[56,62497,238],{"class":70},[56,62499,62500],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62501,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62503,62504,62506,62508],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,62505,1156],{"class":62},[56,62507,67],{"class":66},[56,62509,48608],{"class":893},[56,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,62513,112],{"class":111},[56,62515,115],{"class":70},[56,62517,302],{"class":101},[56,62519,238],{"class":70},[56,62521,62522,62524,62526,62528,62530,62532],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,62523,112],{"class":111},[56,62525,115],{"class":70},[56,62527,1546],{"class":1545},[56,62529,115],{"class":70},[56,62531,5448],{"class":101},[56,62533,1553],{"class":70},[56,62535,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,62537,112],{"class":111},[56,62539,115],{"class":70},[56,62541,1190],{"class":101},[56,62543,238],{"class":70},[56,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,62547,32235],{"class":111},[56,62549,115],{"class":70},[56,62551,1644],{"class":1545},[56,62553,98],{"class":70},[56,62555,53557],{"class":24831},[56,62557,238],{"class":70},[42,62559,1389,62561],{"id":62560},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62562,53527],{},[20,62564,650,62565,6408],{},[15,62566,53527],{},[143,62568,62569,62572,62575],{},[146,62570,62571],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[146,62573,62574],{},"Add multiple values at once",[146,62576,62577],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62579,5562],{},[47,62581,62583],{"className":49,"code":62582,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62584,62585,62602,62620,62624,62640,62644,62654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62586,62587,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62588,62589],{"class":62},"all_scores ",[56,62591,67],{"class":66},[56,62593,71],{"class":70},[56,62595,13580],{"class":74},[56,62597,78],{"class":70},[56,62599,13585],{"class":74},[56,62601,89],{"class":70},[56,62603,62604,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62618],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62605,62606],{"class":62},"new_scores ",[56,62608,67],{"class":66},[56,62610,71],{"class":70},[56,62612,51586],{"class":74},[56,62614,78],{"class":70},[56,62616,62617],{"class":74}," 92",[56,62619,89],{"class":70},[56,62621,62622],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62623,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62625,62626,62629,62631,62633,62635,62638],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62627,62628],{"class":62},"all_scores",[56,62630,98],{"class":70},[56,62632,53557],{"class":101},[56,62634,115],{"class":70},[56,62636,62637],{"class":101},"new_scores",[56,62639,238],{"class":70},[56,62641,62642],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62643,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62645,62646,62648,62650,62652],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,62647,112],{"class":111},[56,62649,115],{"class":70},[56,62651,62628],{"class":101},[56,62653,238],{"class":70},[56,62655,62656],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,62657,62658],{"class":123},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62660,62661,62662,62664,62665,98],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62663,52734],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[36,62666,1988,62667,1384],{"href":53988},[15,62668,54348],{},[42,62670,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,62672,1892,62674,1895],{"id":62673},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62675,53428],{},[20,62677,1898,62678,98],{},[15,62679,157],{},[1030,62681,5268,62683,4480,62685,1911],{"id":62682},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62684,53527],{},[15,62686,52734],{},[20,62688,62689,62691,62692,62694],{},[15,62690,53527],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62693,52734],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1030,62696,1925,62698,62700],{"id":62697},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62699,53527],{}," with a string?",[20,62702,62703],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1030,62705,1925,62707,62709],{"id":62706},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62708,53527],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62711,62712],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1030,62714,62716,62717,1911],{"id":62715},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62718,53527],{},[20,62720,62721,62722,62724],{},"You get a ",[15,62723,3103],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[42,62726,1996],{"id":1995},[143,62728,62729,62735,62739,62743,62747,62753,62757],{},[146,62730,62731],{},[36,62732,1988,62733,1384],{"href":56843},[15,62734,52734],{},[146,62736,62737],{},[36,62738,54358],{"href":53129},[146,62740,62741],{},[36,62742,57303],{"href":57228},[146,62744,62745],{},[36,62746,52853],{"href":51060},[146,62748,62749],{},[36,62750,1988,62751,1384],{"href":53988},[15,62752,54348],{},[146,62754,62755],{},[36,62756,62366],{"href":52681},[146,62758,62759],{},[36,62760,1988,62761,1384],{"href":1987},[15,62762,1991],{},[20,62764,62765,62766,62768,62769,62771],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62767,52734],{},", when to use ",[15,62770,54348],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2028,62773,62774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":62776},[62777,62778,62780,62781,62782,62789,62796,62797,62805,62807,62819],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":61176,"depth":92,"text":62779},"What list.extend() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":61257,"depth":92,"text":61258},{"id":61394,"depth":92,"text":62783,"children":62784},"extend() vs append()",[62785,62787],{"id":61408,"depth":108,"text":62786},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61471,"depth":108,"text":62788},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61557,"depth":92,"text":62790,"children":62791},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62792,62793,62794,62795],{"id":61568,"depth":108,"text":61569},{"id":61632,"depth":108,"text":61633},{"id":61698,"depth":108,"text":61699},{"id":61772,"depth":108,"text":61773},{"id":61832,"depth":92,"text":61833},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":62798},[62799,62801,62803,62804],{"id":62043,"depth":108,"text":62800},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62116,"depth":108,"text":62802},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62188,"depth":108,"text":62189},{"id":62317,"depth":108,"text":62318},{"id":62560,"depth":92,"text":62806},"When to use extend()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":62808},[62809,62811,62813,62815,62817],{"id":62673,"depth":108,"text":62810},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62682,"depth":108,"text":62812},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62697,"depth":108,"text":62814},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62706,"depth":108,"text":62816},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62715,"depth":108,"text":62818},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61080,"description":62820},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62827,"title":62828,"body":62829,"description":64919,"extension":2062,"meta":64920,"navigation":600,"path":64921,"seo":64922,"stem":64923,"__hash__":64924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62830,"toc":64882},[62831,62834,62839,62845,62856,62862,62864,62933,62935,62984,62992,62996,63001,63004,63015,63020,63022,63024,63045,63058,63061,63074,63076,63081,63106,63108,63116,63119,63188,63190,63214,63220,63224,63228,63264,63266,63286,63293,63297,63330,63332,63366,63371,63375,63408,63410,63438,63446,63450,63487,63489,63510,63513,63517,63586,63588,63612,63618,63625,63629,63632,63634,63648,63651,63675,63677,63702,63705,63724,63726,63752,63761,63765,63772,63849,63851,63892,63898,63904,63995,63997,64053,64056,64061,64065,64070,64074,64133,64135,64160,64164,64227,64229,64254,64258,64321,64323,64366,64369,64373,64377,64398,64402,64484,64486,64521,64529,64531,64535,64539,64541,64568,64573,64575,64602,64609,64612,64635,64637,64686,64689,64692,64711,64715,64718,64769,64772,64778,64782,64787,64790,64792,64798,64807,64811,64817,64821,64824,64828,64831,64835,64841,64843,64879],[10,62832,62828],{"id":62833},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62835,9210,62836,62838],{},[15,62837,24862],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62840,62841,62842,62844],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62843,24862],{}," for two main reasons:",[143,62846,62847,62850],{},[146,62848,62849],{},"to make an empty list",[146,62851,62852,62853,62855],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62854,60074],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62857,62858,62859,62861],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62860,24862],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[42,62863,2104],{"id":2103},[47,62865,62867],{"className":49,"code":62866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62868,62869,62891,62909,62913,62923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62870,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62872,63],{"class":62},[56,62874,67],{"class":66},[56,62876,1878],{"class":1545},[56,62878,5600],{"class":70},[56,62880,75],{"class":74},[56,62882,78],{"class":70},[56,62884,81],{"class":74},[56,62886,78],{"class":70},[56,62888,86],{"class":74},[56,62890,1553],{"class":70},[56,62892,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62894,173],{"class":62},[56,62896,67],{"class":66},[56,62898,1878],{"class":1545},[56,62900,115],{"class":70},[56,62902,181],{"class":180},[56,62904,41640],{"class":184},[56,62906,181],{"class":180},[56,62908,238],{"class":70},[56,62910,62911],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,62912,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,62914,62915,62917,62919,62921],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,62916,112],{"class":111},[56,62918,115],{"class":70},[56,62920,95],{"class":101},[56,62922,238],{"class":70},[56,62924,62925,62927,62929,62931],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,62926,112],{"class":111},[56,62928,115],{"class":70},[56,62930,221],{"class":101},[56,62932,238],{"class":70},[20,62934,241],{},[47,62936,62938],{"className":49,"code":62937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62939,62940,62956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62943,251],{"class":70},[56,62945,75],{"class":74},[56,62947,78],{"class":70},[56,62949,81],{"class":74},[56,62951,78],{"class":70},[56,62953,86],{"class":74},[56,62955,89],{"class":70},[56,62957,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,62959,251],{"class":70},[56,62961,254],{"class":180},[56,62963,36],{"class":184},[56,62965,254],{"class":180},[56,62967,78],{"class":70},[56,62969,263],{"class":180},[56,62971,194],{"class":184},[56,62973,254],{"class":180},[56,62975,78],{"class":70},[56,62977,263],{"class":180},[56,62979,203],{"class":184},[56,62981,254],{"class":180},[56,62983,89],{"class":70},[20,62985,650,62986,62988,62989,62991],{},[15,62987,24862],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62990,60074],{},", set, or dictionary.",[42,62993,62995],{"id":62994},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62997,62998,63000],{},[15,62999,24862],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63002,63003],{},"It can:",[143,63005,63006,63009,63012],{},[146,63007,63008],{},"create a new list object",[146,63010,63011],{},"make an empty list",[146,63013,63014],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63016,63017,63018,98],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[36,63019,52853],{"href":51060},[42,63021,289],{"id":288},[20,63023,26569],{},[47,63025,63027],{"className":49,"code":63026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63028,63029,63035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63030,63031,63033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63032,1644],{"class":1545},[56,63034,105],{"class":70},[56,63036,63037,63039,63041,63043],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63038,1644],{"class":1545},[56,63040,115],{"class":70},[56,63042,3810],{"class":101},[56,63044,238],{"class":70},[143,63046,63047,63052],{},[146,63048,63049,63051],{},[15,63050,24862],{}," makes an empty list",[146,63053,63054,63057],{},[15,63055,63056],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63059,63060],{},"Common iterable values include:",[143,63062,63063,63065,63067,63069,63072],{},[146,63064,5398],{},[146,63066,5392],{},[146,63068,5395],{},[146,63070,63071],{},"ranges",[146,63073,7341],{},[42,63075,59696],{"id":59695},[20,63077,650,63078,63080],{},[15,63079,24862],{}," with no arguments:",[47,63082,63084],{"className":49,"code":63083,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63085,63086,63096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63087,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63089,7871],{"class":62},[56,63091,67],{"class":66},[56,63093,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63095,105],{"class":70},[56,63097,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63099,112],{"class":111},[56,63101,115],{"class":70},[56,63103,7900],{"class":101},[56,63105,238],{"class":70},[20,63107,241],{},[47,63109,63110],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63111,63112],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63113,63114],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63115,38376],{"class":70},[20,63117,63118],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[47,63120,63122],{"className":49,"code":63121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63123,63124,63134,63138,63156,63174,63178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63125,63126,63128,63130,63132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63127,7871],{"class":62},[56,63129,67],{"class":66},[56,63131,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63133,105],{"class":70},[56,63135,63136],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63137,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63139,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,63141,7900],{"class":62},[56,63143,98],{"class":70},[56,63145,13631],{"class":101},[56,63147,115],{"class":70},[56,63149,181],{"class":180},[56,63151,562],{"class":184},[56,63153,181],{"class":180},[56,63155,238],{"class":70},[56,63157,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,63159,7900],{"class":62},[56,63161,98],{"class":70},[56,63163,13631],{"class":101},[56,63165,115],{"class":70},[56,63167,181],{"class":180},[56,63169,571],{"class":184},[56,63171,181],{"class":180},[56,63173,238],{"class":70},[56,63175,63176],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,63177,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63179,63180,63182,63184,63186],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,63181,112],{"class":111},[56,63183,115],{"class":70},[56,63185,7900],{"class":101},[56,63187,238],{"class":70},[20,63189,241],{},[47,63191,63192],{"className":49,"code":38502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63193,63194],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63195,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63197,251],{"class":70},[56,63199,254],{"class":180},[56,63201,562],{"class":184},[56,63203,254],{"class":180},[56,63205,78],{"class":70},[56,63207,263],{"class":180},[56,63209,571],{"class":184},[56,63211,254],{"class":180},[56,63213,89],{"class":70},[20,63215,63216,63217,63219],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63218,3876],{},". Both are valid.",[42,63221,63223],{"id":63222},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1030,63225,63227],{"id":63226},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[47,63229,63230],{"className":49,"code":59994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63231,63232,63254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63235,63],{"class":62},[56,63237,67],{"class":66},[56,63239,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63241,5600],{"class":70},[56,63243,75],{"class":74},[56,63245,78],{"class":70},[56,63247,81],{"class":74},[56,63249,78],{"class":70},[56,63251,86],{"class":74},[56,63253,1553],{"class":70},[56,63255,63256,63258,63260,63262],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63257,112],{"class":111},[56,63259,115],{"class":70},[56,63261,95],{"class":101},[56,63263,238],{"class":70},[20,63265,241],{},[47,63267,63268],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63269,63270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63273,251],{"class":70},[56,63275,75],{"class":74},[56,63277,78],{"class":70},[56,63279,81],{"class":74},[56,63281,78],{"class":70},[56,63283,86],{"class":74},[56,63285,89],{"class":70},[20,63287,63288,63289,98],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[36,63290,63292],{"href":63291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1030,63294,63296],{"id":63295},"string-to-list","String to list",[47,63298,63300],{"className":49,"code":63299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63301,63302,63320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63305,173],{"class":62},[56,63307,67],{"class":66},[56,63309,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63311,115],{"class":70},[56,63313,181],{"class":180},[56,63315,37126],{"class":184},[56,63317,181],{"class":180},[56,63319,238],{"class":70},[56,63321,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63323,112],{"class":111},[56,63325,115],{"class":70},[56,63327,221],{"class":101},[56,63329,238],{"class":70},[20,63331,241],{},[47,63333,63335],{"className":49,"code":63334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63336,63337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63338,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63362,63364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63340,251],{"class":70},[56,63342,254],{"class":180},[56,63344,203],{"class":184},[56,63346,254],{"class":180},[56,63348,78],{"class":70},[56,63350,263],{"class":180},[56,63352,36],{"class":184},[56,63354,254],{"class":180},[56,63356,78],{"class":70},[56,63358,263],{"class":180},[56,63360,63361],{"class":184},"t",[56,63363,254],{"class":180},[56,63365,89],{"class":70},[20,63367,63368,63370],{},[15,63369,24862],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1030,63372,63374],{"id":63373},"range-to-list","Range to list",[47,63376,63378],{"className":49,"code":63377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63379,63380,63398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63383,63],{"class":62},[56,63385,67],{"class":66},[56,63387,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63389,115],{"class":70},[56,63391,60074],{"class":111},[56,63393,115],{"class":70},[56,63395,2235],{"class":74},[56,63397,1553],{"class":70},[56,63399,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63401,112],{"class":111},[56,63403,115],{"class":70},[56,63405,95],{"class":101},[56,63407,238],{"class":70},[20,63409,241],{},[47,63411,63412],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63413,63414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63417,251],{"class":70},[56,63419,2218],{"class":74},[56,63421,78],{"class":70},[56,63423,910],{"class":74},[56,63425,78],{"class":70},[56,63427,81],{"class":74},[56,63429,78],{"class":70},[56,63431,86],{"class":74},[56,63433,78],{"class":70},[56,63435,2554],{"class":74},[56,63437,89],{"class":70},[20,63439,63440,63441,63445],{},"This is common when working with ",[36,63442,63443],{"href":36275},[15,63444,36278],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1030,63447,63449],{"id":63448},"set-to-list","Set to list",[47,63451,63453],{"className":49,"code":63452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63454,63455,63477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63456,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63458,3912],{"class":62},[56,63460,67],{"class":66},[56,63462,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63464,5619],{"class":70},[56,63466,444],{"class":74},[56,63468,78],{"class":70},[56,63470,449],{"class":74},[56,63472,78],{"class":70},[56,63474,454],{"class":74},[56,63476,30578],{"class":70},[56,63478,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63480,112],{"class":111},[56,63482,115],{"class":70},[56,63484,5448],{"class":101},[56,63486,238],{"class":70},[20,63488,17039],{},[47,63490,63492],{"className":49,"code":63491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63493,63494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63495,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63497,251],{"class":70},[56,63499,444],{"class":74},[56,63501,78],{"class":70},[56,63503,449],{"class":74},[56,63505,78],{"class":70},[56,63507,454],{"class":74},[56,63509,89],{"class":70},[20,63511,63512],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1030,63514,63516],{"id":63515},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[47,63518,63520],{"className":49,"code":63519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63521,63522,63558,63572,63576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63523,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63525,13282],{"class":62},[56,63527,67],{"class":66},[56,63529,10579],{"class":70},[56,63531,181],{"class":180},[56,63533,7759],{"class":184},[56,63535,181],{"class":180},[56,63537,141],{"class":70},[56,63539,191],{"class":180},[56,63541,12961],{"class":184},[56,63543,181],{"class":180},[56,63545,78],{"class":70},[56,63547,191],{"class":180},[56,63549,9387],{"class":184},[56,63551,181],{"class":180},[56,63553,141],{"class":70},[56,63555,9394],{"class":74},[56,63557,9397],{"class":70},[56,63559,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63561,1156],{"class":62},[56,63563,67],{"class":66},[56,63565,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63567,115],{"class":70},[56,63569,17388],{"class":101},[56,63571,238],{"class":70},[56,63573,63574],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,63575,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63577,63578,63580,63582,63584],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,63579,112],{"class":111},[56,63581,115],{"class":70},[56,63583,1190],{"class":101},[56,63585,238],{"class":70},[20,63587,241],{},[47,63589,63590],{"className":49,"code":25562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,63591,63592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63593,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63595,251],{"class":70},[56,63597,254],{"class":180},[56,63599,7759],{"class":184},[56,63601,254],{"class":180},[56,63603,78],{"class":70},[56,63605,263],{"class":180},[56,63607,9387],{"class":184},[56,63609,254],{"class":180},[56,63611,89],{"class":70},[20,63613,63614,63615,63617],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63616,24862],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63619,63620,63621,98],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[36,63622,63624],{"href":63623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[42,63626,63628],{"id":63627},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63630,63631],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63633,61231],{},[143,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646],{},[146,63637,5389],{},[146,63639,5392],{},[146,63641,5398],{},[146,63643,5395],{},[146,63645,63071],{},[146,63647,7341],{},[20,63649,63650],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[47,63652,63654],{"className":49,"code":63653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63655,63656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63657,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63671,63673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63659,112],{"class":111},[56,63661,115],{"class":70},[56,63663,1644],{"class":1545},[56,63665,115],{"class":70},[56,63667,181],{"class":180},[56,63669,63670],{"class":184},"hi",[56,63672,181],{"class":180},[56,63674,1553],{"class":70},[20,63676,241],{},[47,63678,63680],{"className":49,"code":63679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63681,63682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63683,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63685,251],{"class":70},[56,63687,254],{"class":180},[56,63689,60514],{"class":184},[56,63691,254],{"class":180},[56,63693,78],{"class":70},[56,63695,263],{"class":180},[56,63697,36234],{"class":184},[56,63699,254],{"class":180},[56,63701,89],{"class":70},[20,63703,63704],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[47,63706,63708],{"className":49,"code":63707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63709,63710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63711,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63713,112],{"class":111},[56,63715,115],{"class":70},[56,63717,1644],{"class":1545},[56,63719,115],{"class":70},[56,63721,2235],{"class":74},[56,63723,1553],{"class":70},[20,63725,241],{},[47,63727,63729],{"className":49,"code":63728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63730,63731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63732,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63734,3103],{"class":1545},[56,63736,141],{"class":70},[56,63738,263],{"class":180},[56,63740,2286],{"class":184},[56,63742,254],{"class":180},[56,63744,24698],{"class":1545},[56,63746,8187],{"class":66},[56,63748,8190],{"class":66},[56,63750,63751],{"class":62}," iterable\n",[20,63753,63754,63755,63757,63758,98],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[36,63756,5224],{"href":5676},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[36,63759,63760],{"href":52681},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[42,63762,63764],{"id":63763},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63766,63767,63768,63771],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63769,63770],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[47,63773,63775],{"className":49,"code":63774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63776,63777,63797,63811,63815,63825,63835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63778,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63780,12169],{"class":62},[56,63782,67],{"class":66},[56,63784,71],{"class":70},[56,63786,75],{"class":74},[56,63788,78],{"class":70},[56,63790,81],{"class":74},[56,63792,78],{"class":70},[56,63794,86],{"class":74},[56,63796,89],{"class":70},[56,63798,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63800,14390],{"class":62},[56,63802,67],{"class":66},[56,63804,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63806,115],{"class":70},[56,63808,12216],{"class":101},[56,63810,238],{"class":70},[56,63812,63813],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,63814,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63816,63817,63819,63821,63823],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,63818,112],{"class":111},[56,63820,115],{"class":70},[56,63822,12216],{"class":101},[56,63824,238],{"class":70},[56,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,63828,112],{"class":111},[56,63830,115],{"class":70},[56,63832,14409],{"class":101},[56,63834,238],{"class":70},[56,63836,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,63838,112],{"class":111},[56,63840,115],{"class":70},[56,63842,12169],{"class":101},[56,63844,12277],{"class":3965},[56,63846,14463],{"class":101},[56,63848,238],{"class":70},[20,63850,241],{},[47,63852,63854],{"className":49,"code":63853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63855,63856,63872,63888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63857,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63859,251],{"class":70},[56,63861,75],{"class":74},[56,63863,78],{"class":70},[56,63865,81],{"class":74},[56,63867,78],{"class":70},[56,63869,86],{"class":74},[56,63871,89],{"class":70},[56,63873,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63875,251],{"class":70},[56,63877,75],{"class":74},[56,63879,78],{"class":70},[56,63881,81],{"class":74},[56,63883,78],{"class":70},[56,63885,86],{"class":74},[56,63887,89],{"class":70},[56,63889,63890],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,63891,4129],{"class":893},[20,63893,63894,63895,63897],{},"This means ",[15,63896,14409],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63899,63900,63901,63903],{},"However, this is only a ",[540,63902,12931],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[47,63905,63907],{"className":49,"code":63906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63908,63909,63935,63949,63953,63971,63975,63985],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63910,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63912,12169],{"class":62},[56,63914,67],{"class":66},[56,63916,56369],{"class":70},[56,63918,75],{"class":74},[56,63920,78],{"class":70},[56,63922,81],{"class":74},[56,63924,18142],{"class":70},[56,63926,71],{"class":70},[56,63928,901],{"class":74},[56,63930,78],{"class":70},[56,63932,2554],{"class":74},[56,63934,53323],{"class":70},[56,63936,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,63938,14390],{"class":62},[56,63940,67],{"class":66},[56,63942,1878],{"class":1545},[56,63944,115],{"class":70},[56,63946,12216],{"class":101},[56,63948,238],{"class":70},[56,63950,63951],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,63952,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,63956,14409],{"class":62},[56,63958,251],{"class":70},[56,63960,2218],{"class":74},[56,63962,13628],{"class":70},[56,63964,13631],{"class":101},[56,63966,115],{"class":70},[56,63968,56422],{"class":74},[56,63970,238],{"class":70},[56,63972,63973],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,63974,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,63976,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,63978,112],{"class":111},[56,63980,115],{"class":70},[56,63982,12216],{"class":101},[56,63984,238],{"class":70},[56,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,63988,112],{"class":111},[56,63990,115],{"class":70},[56,63992,14409],{"class":101},[56,63994,238],{"class":70},[20,63996,241],{},[47,63998,63999],{"className":49,"code":56453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,64000,64001,64027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64002,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64004,56460],{"class":70},[56,64006,75],{"class":74},[56,64008,78],{"class":70},[56,64010,81],{"class":74},[56,64012,78],{"class":70},[56,64014,10285],{"class":74},[56,64016,18142],{"class":70},[56,64018,71],{"class":70},[56,64020,901],{"class":74},[56,64022,78],{"class":70},[56,64024,2554],{"class":74},[56,64026,53323],{"class":70},[56,64028,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64030,56460],{"class":70},[56,64032,75],{"class":74},[56,64034,78],{"class":70},[56,64036,81],{"class":74},[56,64038,78],{"class":70},[56,64040,10285],{"class":74},[56,64042,18142],{"class":70},[56,64044,71],{"class":70},[56,64046,901],{"class":74},[56,64048,78],{"class":70},[56,64050,2554],{"class":74},[56,64052,53323],{"class":70},[20,64054,64055],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64057,64058,64059,98],{},"For more on this, see ",[36,64060,13869],{"href":13868},[42,64062,64064],{"id":64063},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64066,64067,64068,98],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64069,24862],{},[1030,64071,64073],{"id":64072},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[47,64075,64077],{"className":49,"code":64076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64078,64079,64119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64082,12944],{"class":62},[56,64084,67],{"class":66},[56,64086,10579],{"class":70},[56,64088,181],{"class":180},[56,64090,7759],{"class":184},[56,64092,181],{"class":180},[56,64094,141],{"class":70},[56,64096,191],{"class":180},[56,64098,8012],{"class":184},[56,64100,181],{"class":180},[56,64102,78],{"class":70},[56,64104,191],{"class":180},[56,64106,19971],{"class":184},[56,64108,181],{"class":180},[56,64110,141],{"class":70},[56,64112,191],{"class":180},[56,64114,22326],{"class":184},[56,64116,181],{"class":180},[56,64118,9397],{"class":70},[56,64120,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64122,112],{"class":111},[56,64124,115],{"class":70},[56,64126,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64128,115],{"class":70},[56,64130,13704],{"class":101},[56,64132,1553],{"class":70},[20,64134,241],{},[47,64136,64138],{"className":49,"code":64137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64139,64140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64141,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64143,251],{"class":70},[56,64145,254],{"class":180},[56,64147,7759],{"class":184},[56,64149,254],{"class":180},[56,64151,78],{"class":70},[56,64153,263],{"class":180},[56,64155,19971],{"class":184},[56,64157,254],{"class":180},[56,64159,89],{"class":70},[1030,64161,64163],{"id":64162},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[47,64165,64167],{"className":49,"code":64166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64168,64169,64209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64170,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64172,12944],{"class":62},[56,64174,67],{"class":66},[56,64176,10579],{"class":70},[56,64178,181],{"class":180},[56,64180,7759],{"class":184},[56,64182,181],{"class":180},[56,64184,141],{"class":70},[56,64186,191],{"class":180},[56,64188,8012],{"class":184},[56,64190,181],{"class":180},[56,64192,78],{"class":70},[56,64194,191],{"class":180},[56,64196,19971],{"class":184},[56,64198,181],{"class":180},[56,64200,141],{"class":70},[56,64202,191],{"class":180},[56,64204,22326],{"class":184},[56,64206,181],{"class":180},[56,64208,9397],{"class":70},[56,64210,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64212,112],{"class":111},[56,64214,115],{"class":70},[56,64216,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64218,115],{"class":70},[56,64220,13704],{"class":101},[56,64222,98],{"class":70},[56,64224,5448],{"class":101},[56,64226,6380],{"class":70},[20,64228,241],{},[47,64230,64232],{"className":49,"code":64231,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64233,64234],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64235,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64237,251],{"class":70},[56,64239,254],{"class":180},[56,64241,8012],{"class":184},[56,64243,254],{"class":180},[56,64245,78],{"class":70},[56,64247,263],{"class":180},[56,64249,22326],{"class":184},[56,64251,254],{"class":180},[56,64253,89],{"class":70},[1030,64255,64257],{"id":64256},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[47,64259,64261],{"className":49,"code":64260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64262,64263,64303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64264,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64266,12944],{"class":62},[56,64268,67],{"class":66},[56,64270,10579],{"class":70},[56,64272,181],{"class":180},[56,64274,7759],{"class":184},[56,64276,181],{"class":180},[56,64278,141],{"class":70},[56,64280,191],{"class":180},[56,64282,8012],{"class":184},[56,64284,181],{"class":180},[56,64286,78],{"class":70},[56,64288,191],{"class":180},[56,64290,19971],{"class":184},[56,64292,181],{"class":180},[56,64294,141],{"class":70},[56,64296,191],{"class":180},[56,64298,22326],{"class":184},[56,64300,181],{"class":180},[56,64302,9397],{"class":70},[56,64304,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64306,112],{"class":111},[56,64308,115],{"class":70},[56,64310,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64312,115],{"class":70},[56,64314,13704],{"class":101},[56,64316,98],{"class":70},[56,64318,7900],{"class":101},[56,64320,6380],{"class":70},[20,64322,241],{},[47,64324,64326],{"className":49,"code":64325,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64327,64328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64331,21821],{"class":70},[56,64333,254],{"class":180},[56,64335,7759],{"class":184},[56,64337,254],{"class":180},[56,64339,78],{"class":70},[56,64341,263],{"class":180},[56,64343,8012],{"class":184},[56,64345,254],{"class":180},[56,64347,9321],{"class":70},[56,64349,9324],{"class":70},[56,64351,254],{"class":180},[56,64353,19971],{"class":184},[56,64355,254],{"class":180},[56,64357,78],{"class":70},[56,64359,263],{"class":180},[56,64361,22326],{"class":184},[56,64363,254],{"class":180},[56,64365,9337],{"class":70},[20,64367,64368],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[42,64370,64372],{"id":64371},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64374,650,64375,10689],{},[15,64376,24862],{},[143,64378,64379,64386,64395],{},[146,64380,64381,64382,2976,64384],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64383,52734],{},[15,64385,1383],{},[146,64387,64388,64389,2976,64391,64394],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64390,36278],{},[15,64392,64393],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[146,64396,64397],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64399,46121,64400,141],{},[15,64401,64393],{},[47,64403,64405],{"className":49,"code":64404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64406,64407,64431,64447,64451,64474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64410,5082],{"class":62},[56,64412,67],{"class":66},[56,64414,71],{"class":70},[56,64416,181],{"class":180},[56,64418,12961],{"class":184},[56,64420,181],{"class":180},[56,64422,78],{"class":70},[56,64424,191],{"class":180},[56,64426,36022],{"class":184},[56,64428,181],{"class":180},[56,64430,89],{"class":70},[56,64432,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64434,5151],{"class":62},[56,64436,67],{"class":66},[56,64438,71],{"class":70},[56,64440,13580],{"class":74},[56,64442,78],{"class":70},[56,64444,13585],{"class":74},[56,64446,89],{"class":70},[56,64448,64449],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,64450,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,64452,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,64454,9303],{"class":62},[56,64456,67],{"class":66},[56,64458,1878],{"class":1545},[56,64460,115],{"class":70},[56,64462,64463],{"class":111},"zip",[56,64465,115],{"class":70},[56,64467,5126],{"class":101},[56,64469,78],{"class":70},[56,64471,5198],{"class":101},[56,64473,1553],{"class":70},[56,64475,64476,64478,64480,64482],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,64477,112],{"class":111},[56,64479,115],{"class":70},[56,64481,9350],{"class":101},[56,64483,238],{"class":70},[20,64485,241],{},[47,64487,64489],{"className":49,"code":64488,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64490,64491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64492,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64494,21821],{"class":70},[56,64496,254],{"class":180},[56,64498,12961],{"class":184},[56,64500,254],{"class":180},[56,64502,78],{"class":70},[56,64504,19978],{"class":74},[56,64506,9321],{"class":70},[56,64508,9324],{"class":70},[56,64510,254],{"class":180},[56,64512,36022],{"class":184},[56,64514,254],{"class":180},[56,64516,78],{"class":70},[56,64518,13585],{"class":74},[56,64520,9337],{"class":70},[20,64522,64523,64524,64526,64527,98],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64525,52734],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[36,64528,53130],{"href":53129},[42,64530,4606],{"id":4605},[20,64532,56850,64533,98],{},[15,64534,24862],{},[1030,64536,64538],{"id":64537},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64540,4613],{},[47,64542,64544],{"className":49,"code":64543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64545,64546,64550],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64547,64548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64549,4623],{"class":123},[56,64551,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64553,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64555,115],{"class":70},[56,64557,75],{"class":74},[56,64559,78],{"class":70},[56,64561,81],{"class":74},[56,64563,78],{"class":70},[56,64565,86],{"class":74},[56,64567,238],{"class":70},[20,64569,64570,64572],{},[15,64571,24862],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64574,18775],{},[47,64576,64578],{"className":49,"code":64577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64579,64580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64581,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64583,112],{"class":111},[56,64585,115],{"class":70},[56,64587,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64589,5600],{"class":70},[56,64591,75],{"class":74},[56,64593,78],{"class":70},[56,64595,81],{"class":74},[56,64597,78],{"class":70},[56,64599,86],{"class":74},[56,64601,3010],{"class":70},[1030,64603,64605,64606],{"id":64604},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[56,64607,64608],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64610,64611],{},"This is a common surprise:",[47,64613,64615],{"className":49,"code":64614,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64616,64617],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64618,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64620,112],{"class":111},[56,64622,115],{"class":70},[56,64624,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64626,115],{"class":70},[56,64628,181],{"class":180},[56,64630,1473],{"class":184},[56,64632,181],{"class":180},[56,64634,1553],{"class":70},[20,64636,241],{},[47,64638,64640],{"className":49,"code":64639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64641,64642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64643,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64645,251],{"class":70},[56,64647,254],{"class":180},[56,64649,60514],{"class":184},[56,64651,254],{"class":180},[56,64653,78],{"class":70},[56,64655,263],{"class":180},[56,64657,60523],{"class":184},[56,64659,254],{"class":180},[56,64661,78],{"class":70},[56,64663,263],{"class":180},[56,64665,60532],{"class":184},[56,64667,254],{"class":180},[56,64669,78],{"class":70},[56,64671,263],{"class":180},[56,64673,60532],{"class":184},[56,64675,254],{"class":180},[56,64677,78],{"class":70},[56,64679,263],{"class":180},[56,64681,60549],{"class":184},[56,64683,254],{"class":180},[56,64685,89],{"class":70},[20,64687,64688],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64690,64691],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[47,64693,64695],{"className":49,"code":64694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64696,64697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64698,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64700,112],{"class":111},[56,64702,3084],{"class":70},[56,64704,181],{"class":180},[56,64706,1473],{"class":184},[56,64708,181],{"class":180},[56,64710,1607],{"class":70},[1030,64712,64714],{"id":64713},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64716,64717],{},"This:",[47,64719,64721],{"className":49,"code":64720,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64722,64723,64755],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64724,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64726,9253],{"class":62},[56,64728,67],{"class":66},[56,64730,10579],{"class":70},[56,64732,181],{"class":180},[56,64734,36],{"class":184},[56,64736,181],{"class":180},[56,64738,141],{"class":70},[56,64740,910],{"class":74},[56,64742,78],{"class":70},[56,64744,191],{"class":180},[56,64746,194],{"class":184},[56,64748,181],{"class":180},[56,64750,141],{"class":70},[56,64752,81],{"class":74},[56,64754,9397],{"class":70},[56,64756,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64758,112],{"class":111},[56,64760,115],{"class":70},[56,64762,1644],{"class":1545},[56,64764,115],{"class":70},[56,64766,9292],{"class":101},[56,64768,1553],{"class":70},[20,64770,64771],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64773,650,64774,64777],{},[15,64775,64776],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1030,64779,64781],{"id":64780},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64783,64784,64786],{},[15,64785,24862],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64788,64789],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[42,64791,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,64793,5268,64795,64797],{"id":64794},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[56,64796],{}," and list()?",[20,64799,64800,64801,64803,64804,64806],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64802,3876],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64805,24862],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1030,64808,64810],{"id":64809},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64812,64813,64814,64816],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64815,24862],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1030,64818,64820],{"id":64819},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64822,64823],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1030,64825,64827],{"id":64826},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64829,64830],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1030,64832,64834],{"id":64833},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64836,64837,64838,64840],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64839,24862],{}," cannot loop through it.",[42,64842,1996],{"id":1995},[143,64844,64845,64849,64854,64858,64862,64866,64870,64875],{},[146,64846,64847],{},[36,64848,52853],{"href":51060},[146,64850,64851],{},[36,64852,64853],{"href":36275},"Python range() function explained",[146,64855,64856],{},[36,64857,63292],{"href":63291},[146,64859,64860],{},[36,64861,63624],{"href":63623},[146,64863,64864],{},[36,64865,5305],{"href":5676},[146,64867,64868],{},[36,64869,13869],{"href":13868},[146,64871,64872],{},[36,64873,64874],{"href":52681},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[146,64876,64877],{},[36,64878,54358],{"href":53129},[2028,64880,64881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":64883},[64884,64885,64886,64887,64888,64895,64896,64897,64902,64903,64910,64918],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":62994,"depth":92,"text":62995},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":59695,"depth":92,"text":59696},{"id":63222,"depth":92,"text":63223,"children":64889},[64890,64891,64892,64893,64894],{"id":63226,"depth":108,"text":63227},{"id":63295,"depth":108,"text":63296},{"id":63373,"depth":108,"text":63374},{"id":63448,"depth":108,"text":63449},{"id":63515,"depth":108,"text":63516},{"id":63627,"depth":92,"text":63628},{"id":63763,"depth":92,"text":63764},{"id":64063,"depth":92,"text":64064,"children":64898},[64899,64900,64901],{"id":64072,"depth":108,"text":64073},{"id":64162,"depth":108,"text":64163},{"id":64256,"depth":108,"text":64257},{"id":64371,"depth":92,"text":64372},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":64904},[64905,64906,64908,64909],{"id":64537,"depth":108,"text":64538},{"id":64604,"depth":108,"text":64907},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64713,"depth":108,"text":64714},{"id":64780,"depth":108,"text":64781},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":64911},[64912,64914,64915,64916,64917],{"id":64794,"depth":108,"text":64913},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64809,"depth":108,"text":64810},{"id":64819,"depth":108,"text":64820},{"id":64826,"depth":108,"text":64827},{"id":64833,"depth":108,"text":64834},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62828,"description":64919},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64926,"title":64927,"body":64928,"description":66279,"extension":2062,"meta":66280,"navigation":600,"path":66281,"seo":66282,"stem":66283,"__hash__":66284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64929,"toc":66253},[64930,64935,64941,64950,64952,65025,65034,65039,65043,65059,65063,65065,65067,65086,65089,65117,65120,65145,65153,65155,65160,65167,65169,65226,65228,65236,65242,65246,65249,65322,65324,65332,65335,65358,65365,65371,65375,65381,65452,65454,65462,65471,65478,65485,65493,65637,65639,65656,65659,65698,65701,65705,65710,65712,65771,65777,65780,65887,65889,65904,65907,65914,65916,65920,66068,66071,66132,66135,66138,66159,66164,66168,66179,66182,66184,66189,66192,66200,66205,66211,66214,66220,66228,66230,66250],[10,64931,13,64933,18],{"id":64932},"python-list-index-method",[15,64934,59043],{},[20,64936,64937,64940],{},[15,64938,64939],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64942,64943,64944,64947,64948,98],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[540,64945,64946],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64949,40784],{},[42,64951,45],{"id":44},[47,64953,64955],{"className":49,"code":64954,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64956,64957,64989,65012],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64958,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64960,7871],{"class":62},[56,64962,67],{"class":66},[56,64964,71],{"class":70},[56,64966,181],{"class":180},[56,64968,562],{"class":184},[56,64970,181],{"class":180},[56,64972,78],{"class":70},[56,64974,191],{"class":180},[56,64976,571],{"class":184},[56,64978,181],{"class":180},[56,64980,78],{"class":70},[56,64982,191],{"class":180},[56,64984,580],{"class":184},[56,64986,181],{"class":180},[56,64988,89],{"class":70},[56,64990,64991,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,64992,64993],{"class":62},"position ",[56,64995,67],{"class":66},[56,64997,6056],{"class":62},[56,64999,98],{"class":70},[56,65001,35927],{"class":101},[56,65003,115],{"class":70},[56,65005,181],{"class":180},[56,65007,571],{"class":184},[56,65009,181],{"class":180},[56,65011,238],{"class":70},[56,65013,65014,65016,65018,65021,65023],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65015,112],{"class":111},[56,65017,115],{"class":70},[56,65019,65020],{"class":101},"position",[56,65022,120],{"class":70},[56,65024,27862],{"class":123},[20,65026,650,65027,65030,65031,65033],{},[15,65028,65029],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65032,40784],{}," if the item is not found.",[42,65035,133,65037,136],{"id":65036},"what-listindex-does",[15,65038,64939],{},[20,65040,65041,141],{},[15,65042,64939],{},[143,65044,65045,65048,65051,65056],{},[146,65046,65047],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[146,65049,65050],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[146,65052,65053,65054],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65055,2218],{},[146,65057,65058],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65060,54646,65061,98],{},[36,65062,52853],{"href":54649},[42,65064,289],{"id":288},[20,65066,30807],{},[47,65068,65070],{"className":49,"code":65069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65071,65072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65073,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65075,302],{"class":62},[56,65077,98],{"class":70},[56,65079,35927],{"class":101},[56,65081,115],{"class":70},[56,65083,2570],{"class":101},[56,65085,238],{"class":70},[20,65087,65088],{},"You can also limit the search:",[47,65090,65092],{"className":49,"code":65091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65093,65094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65095,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65097,302],{"class":62},[56,65099,98],{"class":70},[56,65101,35927],{"class":101},[56,65103,115],{"class":70},[56,65105,2570],{"class":101},[56,65107,78],{"class":70},[56,65109,36133],{"class":101},[56,65111,78],{"class":70},[56,65113,65114],{"class":101}," end",[56,65116,238],{"class":70},[20,65118,65119],{},"Here is what each part means:",[143,65121,65122,65127,65132,65137],{},[146,65123,65124,65126],{},[15,65125,2570],{},": the item to search for",[146,65128,65129,65131],{},[15,65130,36154],{},": where the search begins",[146,65133,65134,65136],{},[15,65135,52742],{},": where the search stops",[146,65138,65139,4871,65141,65144],{},[15,65140,52742],{},[540,65142,65143],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65146,65147,65148,65150,65151,98],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65149,36154],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65152,52742],{},[42,65154,38099],{"id":38098},[20,65156,65157,65159],{},[15,65158,64939],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65161,65162,65163,65166],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[540,65164,65165],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65168,163],{},[47,65170,65172],{"className":49,"code":65171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65173,65174,65194,65212,65216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65175,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65177,63],{"class":62},[56,65179,67],{"class":66},[56,65181,71],{"class":70},[56,65183,444],{"class":74},[56,65185,78],{"class":70},[56,65187,449],{"class":74},[56,65189,78],{"class":70},[56,65191,454],{"class":74},[56,65193,89],{"class":70},[56,65195,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65197,1156],{"class":62},[56,65199,67],{"class":66},[56,65201,850],{"class":62},[56,65203,98],{"class":70},[56,65205,35927],{"class":101},[56,65207,115],{"class":70},[56,65209,15834],{"class":74},[56,65211,238],{"class":70},[56,65213,65214],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65215,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,65217,65218,65220,65222,65224],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,65219,112],{"class":111},[56,65221,115],{"class":70},[56,65223,1190],{"class":101},[56,65225,238],{"class":70},[20,65227,241],{},[47,65229,65230],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65231,65232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65233,65234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65235,46997],{"class":74},[20,65237,65238,65239,65241],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65240,59043],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[42,65243,65245],{"id":65244},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65247,65248],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[47,65250,65252],{"className":49,"code":65251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65253,65254,65286,65308,65312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65255,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65257,553],{"class":62},[56,65259,67],{"class":66},[56,65261,71],{"class":70},[56,65263,181],{"class":180},[56,65265,562],{"class":184},[56,65267,181],{"class":180},[56,65269,78],{"class":70},[56,65271,191],{"class":180},[56,65273,571],{"class":184},[56,65275,181],{"class":180},[56,65277,78],{"class":70},[56,65279,191],{"class":180},[56,65281,580],{"class":184},[56,65283,181],{"class":180},[56,65285,89],{"class":70},[56,65287,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65289,64993],{"class":62},[56,65291,67],{"class":66},[56,65293,703],{"class":62},[56,65295,98],{"class":70},[56,65297,35927],{"class":101},[56,65299,115],{"class":70},[56,65301,181],{"class":180},[56,65303,580],{"class":184},[56,65305,181],{"class":180},[56,65307,238],{"class":70},[56,65309,65310],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65311,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,65313,65314,65316,65318,65320],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,65315,112],{"class":111},[56,65317,115],{"class":70},[56,65319,65020],{"class":101},[56,65321,238],{"class":70},[20,65323,241],{},[47,65325,65326],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65327,65328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65329,65330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65331,17137],{"class":74},[20,65333,65334],{},"In this list:",[143,65336,65337,65344,65351],{},[146,65338,65339,65341,65342],{},[15,65340,57908],{}," is at index ",[15,65343,2218],{},[146,65345,65346,65341,65349],{},[15,65347,65348],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65350,75],{},[146,65352,65353,65341,65356],{},[15,65354,65355],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65357,1097],{},[20,65359,935,65360,2494,65363,98],{},[15,65361,65362],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65364,1097],{},[20,65366,51624,65367,98],{},[36,65368,65370],{"href":65369},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[42,65372,65374],{"id":65373},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65376,65377,65378,65380],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65379,59043],{}," returns the first match only.",[47,65382,65384],{"className":49,"code":65383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65385,65386,65426,65430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65387,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65389,334],{"class":62},[56,65391,67],{"class":66},[56,65393,71],{"class":70},[56,65395,181],{"class":180},[56,65397,343],{"class":184},[56,65399,181],{"class":180},[56,65401,78],{"class":70},[56,65403,191],{"class":180},[56,65405,361],{"class":184},[56,65407,181],{"class":180},[56,65409,78],{"class":70},[56,65411,191],{"class":180},[56,65413,343],{"class":184},[56,65415,181],{"class":180},[56,65417,78],{"class":70},[56,65419,191],{"class":180},[56,65421,352],{"class":184},[56,65423,181],{"class":180},[56,65425,89],{"class":70},[56,65427,65428],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65429,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,65431,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65433,112],{"class":111},[56,65435,115],{"class":70},[56,65437,370],{"class":101},[56,65439,98],{"class":70},[56,65441,35927],{"class":101},[56,65443,115],{"class":70},[56,65445,181],{"class":180},[56,65447,343],{"class":184},[56,65449,181],{"class":180},[56,65451,1553],{"class":70},[20,65453,241],{},[47,65455,65456],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,65457,65458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65459,65460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65461,47332],{"class":74},[20,65463,21058,65464,65467,65468,65470],{},[15,65465,65466],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65469,2218],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65472,65473,65474,98],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[36,65475,1988,65476,1384],{"href":59102},[15,65477,57365],{},[42,65479,1441,65481,4480,65483],{"id":65480},"using-start-and-end",[15,65482,36154],{},[15,65484,52742],{},[20,65486,65487,65488,4480,65490,65492],{},"The optional ",[15,65489,36154],{},[15,65491,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[47,65494,65496],{"className":49,"code":65495,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65497,65498,65546,65550,65575,65604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65499,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65501,173],{"class":62},[56,65503,67],{"class":66},[56,65505,71],{"class":70},[56,65507,181],{"class":180},[56,65509,36],{"class":184},[56,65511,181],{"class":180},[56,65513,78],{"class":70},[56,65515,191],{"class":180},[56,65517,194],{"class":184},[56,65519,181],{"class":180},[56,65521,78],{"class":70},[56,65523,191],{"class":180},[56,65525,203],{"class":184},[56,65527,181],{"class":180},[56,65529,78],{"class":70},[56,65531,191],{"class":180},[56,65533,194],{"class":184},[56,65535,181],{"class":180},[56,65537,78],{"class":70},[56,65539,191],{"class":180},[56,65541,212],{"class":184},[56,65543,181],{"class":180},[56,65545,89],{"class":70},[56,65547,65548],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65549,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,65551,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65553,112],{"class":111},[56,65555,115],{"class":70},[56,65557,221],{"class":101},[56,65559,98],{"class":70},[56,65561,35927],{"class":101},[56,65563,115],{"class":70},[56,65565,181],{"class":180},[56,65567,194],{"class":184},[56,65569,181],{"class":180},[56,65571,5451],{"class":70},[56,65573,65574],{"class":123},"        # first match\n",[56,65576,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,65578,112],{"class":111},[56,65580,115],{"class":70},[56,65582,221],{"class":101},[56,65584,98],{"class":70},[56,65586,35927],{"class":101},[56,65588,115],{"class":70},[56,65590,181],{"class":180},[56,65592,194],{"class":184},[56,65594,181],{"class":180},[56,65596,78],{"class":70},[56,65598,81],{"class":74},[56,65600,5451],{"class":70},[56,65602,65603],{"class":123},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[56,65605,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,65607,112],{"class":111},[56,65609,115],{"class":70},[56,65611,221],{"class":101},[56,65613,98],{"class":70},[56,65615,35927],{"class":101},[56,65617,115],{"class":70},[56,65619,181],{"class":180},[56,65621,194],{"class":184},[56,65623,181],{"class":180},[56,65625,78],{"class":70},[56,65627,910],{"class":74},[56,65629,78],{"class":70},[56,65631,2554],{"class":74},[56,65633,5451],{"class":70},[56,65635,65636],{"class":123},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65638,241],{},[47,65640,65642],{"className":49,"code":65641,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65643,65644,65648,65652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65645,65646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65647,46997],{"class":74},[56,65649,65650],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65651,46697],{"class":74},[56,65653,65654],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65655,46997],{"class":74},[20,65657,65658],{},"How this works:",[143,65660,65661,65673,65686],{},[146,65662,65663,65666,65667,65670,65671],{},[15,65664,65665],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65668,65669],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65672,75],{},[146,65674,65675,65678,65679,65681,65682,65670,65684],{},[15,65676,65677],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65680,1097],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65683,65669],{},[15,65685,901],{},[146,65687,65688,65691,65692,2287,65694,17153,65696],{},[15,65689,65690],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65693,75],{},[15,65695,1097],{},[15,65697,901],{},[20,65699,65700],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[42,65702,65704],{"id":65703},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65706,65707,65708,98],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65709,40784],{},[20,65711,163],{},[47,65713,65715],{"className":49,"code":65714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65716,65717,65749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65718,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65720,7871],{"class":62},[56,65722,67],{"class":66},[56,65724,71],{"class":70},[56,65726,181],{"class":180},[56,65728,562],{"class":184},[56,65730,181],{"class":180},[56,65732,78],{"class":70},[56,65734,191],{"class":180},[56,65736,571],{"class":184},[56,65738,181],{"class":180},[56,65740,78],{"class":70},[56,65742,191],{"class":180},[56,65744,580],{"class":184},[56,65746,181],{"class":180},[56,65748,89],{"class":70},[56,65750,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65752,112],{"class":111},[56,65754,115],{"class":70},[56,65756,7900],{"class":101},[56,65758,98],{"class":70},[56,65760,35927],{"class":101},[56,65762,115],{"class":70},[56,65764,181],{"class":180},[56,65766,33304],{"class":184},[56,65768,181],{"class":180},[56,65770,1553],{"class":70},[20,65772,39733,65773,65776],{},[15,65774,65775],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65778,65779],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[47,65781,65783],{"className":49,"code":65782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65784,65785,65817,65830,65834,65847,65866,65872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65786,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65788,7871],{"class":62},[56,65790,67],{"class":66},[56,65792,71],{"class":70},[56,65794,181],{"class":180},[56,65796,562],{"class":184},[56,65798,181],{"class":180},[56,65800,78],{"class":70},[56,65802,191],{"class":180},[56,65804,571],{"class":184},[56,65806,181],{"class":180},[56,65808,78],{"class":70},[56,65810,191],{"class":180},[56,65812,580],{"class":184},[56,65814,181],{"class":180},[56,65816,89],{"class":70},[56,65818,65819,65822,65824,65826,65828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,65820,65821],{"class":62},"search_value ",[56,65823,67],{"class":66},[56,65825,191],{"class":180},[56,65827,33304],{"class":184},[56,65829,1476],{"class":180},[56,65831,65832],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,65833,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,65835,65836,65838,65841,65843,65845],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,65837,7087],{"class":3965},[56,65839,65840],{"class":62}," search_value ",[56,65842,3972],{"class":66},[56,65844,6056],{"class":62},[56,65846,6484],{"class":70},[56,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65864],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,65850,8160],{"class":111},[56,65852,115],{"class":70},[56,65854,7900],{"class":101},[56,65856,98],{"class":70},[56,65858,35927],{"class":101},[56,65860,115],{"class":70},[56,65862,65863],{"class":101},"search_value",[56,65865,1553],{"class":70},[56,65867,65868,65870],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,65869,27516],{"class":3965},[56,65871,6484],{"class":70},[56,65873,65874,65876,65878,65880,65883,65885],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,65875,8160],{"class":111},[56,65877,115],{"class":70},[56,65879,181],{"class":180},[56,65881,65882],{"class":184},"Item not found",[56,65884,181],{"class":180},[56,65886,238],{"class":70},[20,65888,241],{},[47,65890,65892],{"className":49,"code":65891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Item not found\n",[15,65893,65894],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65895,65896,65899,65901],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65897,65898],{"class":62},"Item ",[56,65900,931],{"class":66},[56,65902,65903],{"class":62}," found\n",[20,65905,65906],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65908,65909,65910,98],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,65911,65913],{"href":65912},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[42,65915,4606],{"id":4605},[20,65917,21292,65918,141],{},[15,65919,64939],{},[143,65921,65922,65940,65952,66012],{},[146,65923,25856,65924,2494,65926,65929,65930,65932,65933,5249,65935,65937,65938,98],{},[15,65925,59043],{},[15,65927,65928],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9934,65931],{},"\nPython does ",[540,65934,931],{},[15,65936,65928],{},". It raises ",[15,65939,40784],{},[146,65941,65942,65943,65945,65948,65949,65951],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9934,65944],{},[15,65946,65947],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65950,65348],{},", not the value itself.",[146,65953,1441,65954,11180,65957,65959,65961,65962,16736,65964,65987,16724,65989],{},[15,65955,65956],{},"index[]",[15,65958,59043],{},[9934,65960],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9934,65963],{},[47,65965,65967],{"className":49,"code":65966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65968,65969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65970,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65972,7900],{"class":62},[56,65974,98],{"class":70},[56,65976,35927],{"class":101},[56,65978,115],{"class":70},[56,65980,181],{"class":180},[56,65982,571],{"class":184},[56,65984,181],{"class":180},[56,65986,238],{"class":70},[9934,65988],{},[47,65990,65992],{"className":49,"code":65991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65993,65994],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65995,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65997,7900],{"class":62},[56,65999,98],{"class":70},[56,66001,35927],{"class":24831},[56,66003,251],{"class":70},[56,66005,181],{"class":180},[56,66007,571],{"class":184},[56,66009,181],{"class":180},[56,66011,89],{"class":70},[146,66013,66014,66015,66017,4480,66020,66022,66023],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9934,66016],{},[15,66018,66019],{},"\"3\"",[15,66021,901],{}," are different values in Python.",[47,66024,66026],{"className":49,"code":66025,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66027,66028,66048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66029,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66031,63],{"class":62},[56,66033,67],{"class":66},[56,66035,71],{"class":70},[56,66037,75],{"class":74},[56,66039,78],{"class":70},[56,66041,81],{"class":74},[56,66043,78],{"class":70},[56,66045,86],{"class":74},[56,66047,89],{"class":70},[56,66049,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66051,112],{"class":111},[56,66053,115],{"class":70},[56,66055,181],{"class":180},[56,66057,901],{"class":184},[56,66059,181],{"class":180},[56,66061,21254],{"class":3965},[56,66063,850],{"class":101},[56,66065,120],{"class":70},[56,66067,4859],{"class":123},[20,66069,66070],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,66072,66074],{"className":49,"code":66073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66075,66076,66086,66100,66114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66077,66078,66080,66082,66084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66079,112],{"class":111},[56,66081,115],{"class":70},[56,66083,302],{"class":101},[56,66085,238],{"class":70},[56,66087,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66089,112],{"class":111},[56,66091,115],{"class":70},[56,66093,1546],{"class":1545},[56,66095,115],{"class":70},[56,66097,65863],{"class":101},[56,66099,1553],{"class":70},[56,66101,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66103,112],{"class":111},[56,66105,115],{"class":70},[56,66107,65821],{"class":101},[56,66109,3972],{"class":3965},[56,66111,1567],{"class":101},[56,66113,238],{"class":70},[56,66115,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,66117,112],{"class":111},[56,66119,115],{"class":70},[56,66121,302],{"class":101},[56,66123,98],{"class":70},[56,66125,35927],{"class":101},[56,66127,115],{"class":70},[56,66129,65863],{"class":101},[56,66131,1553],{"class":70},[20,66133,66134],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66136,66137],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[143,66139,66140,66143,66150,66156],{},[146,66141,66142],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[146,66144,66145,66146,11180,66148],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66147,66019],{},[15,66149,901],{},[146,66151,66152,66153,66155],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66154,59043],{}," returns only the first one",[146,66157,66158],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[42,66160,1389,66162],{"id":66161},"when-to-use-index",[15,66163,59043],{},[20,66165,650,66166,10689],{},[15,66167,59043],{},[143,66169,66170,66173,66176],{},[146,66171,66172],{},"You need the position of a known value",[146,66174,66175],{},"You are working with a small list",[146,66177,66178],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66180,66181],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[42,66183,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,66185,5230,66187,5233],{"id":66186},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66188,64939],{},[20,66190,66191],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1030,66193,1892,66195,5249,66197,66199],{"id":66194},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66196,64939],{},[15,66198,65928],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66201,66202,66203,6720],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66204,40784],{},[1030,66206,5258,66208,66210],{"id":66207},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66209,64939],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66212,66213],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1030,66215,66217,66218,1911],{"id":66216},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66219,59043],{},[20,66221,66222,66223,4480,66225,66227],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66224,36154],{},[15,66226,52742],{}," arguments.",[42,66229,1996],{"id":1995},[143,66231,66232,66236,66240,66244],{},[146,66233,66234],{},[36,66235,59031],{"href":65369},[146,66237,66238],{},[36,66239,52853],{"href":54649},[146,66241,66242],{},[36,66243,65913],{"href":65912},[146,66245,66246],{},[36,66247,1988,66248,1384],{"href":59102},[15,66249,57365],{},[2028,66251,66252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":66254},[66255,66256,66258,66259,66260,66261,66262,66264,66265,66266,66268,66278],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":65036,"depth":92,"text":66257},"What list.index() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":38098,"depth":92,"text":38099},{"id":65244,"depth":92,"text":65245},{"id":65373,"depth":92,"text":65374},{"id":65480,"depth":92,"text":66263},"Using start and end",{"id":65703,"depth":92,"text":65704},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606},{"id":66161,"depth":92,"text":66267},"When to use index()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":66269},[66270,66272,66274,66276],{"id":66186,"depth":108,"text":66271},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66194,"depth":108,"text":66273},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66207,"depth":108,"text":66275},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66216,"depth":108,"text":66277},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64927,"description":66279},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66286,"title":66287,"body":66288,"description":68230,"extension":2062,"meta":68231,"navigation":600,"path":68232,"seo":68233,"stem":68234,"__hash__":68235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66289,"toc":68190},[66290,66295,66300,66303,66312,66369,66375,66380,66384,66398,66404,66406,66429,66446,66448,66509,66511,66543,66556,66558,66561,66661,66663,66741,66747,66751,66759,66763,66769,66824,66826,66850,66854,66857,66910,66912,66936,66940,66943,66996,66998,67022,67026,67032,67103,67105,67146,67152,67159,67162,67167,67175,67180,67188,67190,67287,67289,67358,67365,67370,67372,67376,67381,67383,67454,67456,67485,67491,67493,67520,67523,67546,67550,67553,67575,67578,67601,67603,67663,67665,67697,67703,67708,67761,67763,67788,67791,67840,67842,67863,67867,67872,67875,67930,67932,67959,67966,67970,67975,68046,68049,68063,68068,68073,68075,68089,68101,68106,68108,68113,68118,68122,68125,68131,68137,68144,68152,68154,68187],[10,66291,13,66293,18],{"id":66292},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66294,54348],{},[20,66296,66297,66299],{},[15,66298,53991],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66301,66302],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66304,650,66305,66307,66308,98],{},[15,66306,54348],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[36,66309,1988,66310,1384],{"href":56843},[15,66311,52734],{},[47,66313,66315],{"className":49,"code":66314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66316,66317,66337,66355,66365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66318,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66320,63],{"class":62},[56,66322,67],{"class":66},[56,66324,71],{"class":70},[56,66326,75],{"class":74},[56,66328,78],{"class":70},[56,66330,81],{"class":74},[56,66332,78],{"class":70},[56,66334,2554],{"class":74},[56,66336,89],{"class":70},[56,66338,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66340,95],{"class":62},[56,66342,98],{"class":70},[56,66344,54031],{"class":101},[56,66346,115],{"class":70},[56,66348,1097],{"class":74},[56,66350,78],{"class":70},[56,66352,86],{"class":74},[56,66354,238],{"class":70},[56,66356,66357,66359,66361,66363],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66358,112],{"class":111},[56,66360,115],{"class":70},[56,66362,95],{"class":101},[56,66364,238],{"class":70},[56,66366,66367],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,66368,52805],{"class":123},[20,66370,650,66371,66374],{},[15,66372,66373],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[42,66376,133,66378,136],{"id":66377},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66379,53991],{},[20,66381,66382,141],{},[15,66383,53991],{},[143,66385,66386,66389,66392,66394],{},[146,66387,66388],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[146,66390,66391],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[146,66393,54507],{},[146,66395,154,66396],{},[15,66397,157],{},[20,66399,66400,66401,66403],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66402,54348],{}," does not create a new list.",[42,66405,5521],{"id":5520},[47,66407,66409],{"className":49,"code":66408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66410,66411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66412,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66414,302],{"class":62},[56,66416,98],{"class":70},[56,66418,54031],{"class":101},[56,66420,115],{"class":70},[56,66422,35927],{"class":101},[56,66424,78],{"class":70},[56,66426,29588],{"class":101},[56,66428,238],{"class":70},[143,66430,66431,66436,66441],{},[146,66432,66433,66435],{},[15,66434,35927],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[146,66437,66438,66440],{},[15,66439,23391],{}," is the value to add",[146,66442,66443,66444],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66445,2218],{},[20,66447,163],{},[47,66449,66451],{"className":49,"code":66450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66452,66453,66477,66499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66454,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66456,173],{"class":62},[56,66458,67],{"class":66},[56,66460,71],{"class":70},[56,66462,181],{"class":180},[56,66464,36],{"class":184},[56,66466,181],{"class":180},[56,66468,78],{"class":70},[56,66470,191],{"class":180},[56,66472,203],{"class":184},[56,66474,181],{"class":180},[56,66476,89],{"class":70},[56,66478,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66480,221],{"class":62},[56,66482,98],{"class":70},[56,66484,54031],{"class":101},[56,66486,115],{"class":70},[56,66488,75],{"class":74},[56,66490,78],{"class":70},[56,66492,191],{"class":180},[56,66494,194],{"class":184},[56,66496,181],{"class":180},[56,66498,238],{"class":70},[56,66500,66501,66503,66505,66507],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66502,112],{"class":111},[56,66504,115],{"class":70},[56,66506,221],{"class":101},[56,66508,238],{"class":70},[20,66510,241],{},[47,66512,66513],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,66514,66515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66516,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66518,251],{"class":70},[56,66520,254],{"class":180},[56,66522,36],{"class":184},[56,66524,254],{"class":180},[56,66526,78],{"class":70},[56,66528,263],{"class":180},[56,66530,194],{"class":184},[56,66532,254],{"class":180},[56,66534,78],{"class":70},[56,66536,263],{"class":180},[56,66538,203],{"class":184},[56,66540,254],{"class":180},[56,66542,89],{"class":70},[20,66544,20851,66545,66547,66548,66550,66551,4480,66553,98],{},[15,66546,65669],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66549,75],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66552,18176],{},[15,66554,66555],{},"\"c\"",[42,66557,5877],{"id":5876},[20,66559,66560],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[47,66562,66564],{"className":49,"code":66563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66565,66566,66598,66616,66620,66642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66567,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66569,334],{"class":62},[56,66571,67],{"class":66},[56,66573,71],{"class":70},[56,66575,181],{"class":180},[56,66577,343],{"class":184},[56,66579,181],{"class":180},[56,66581,78],{"class":70},[56,66583,191],{"class":180},[56,66585,361],{"class":184},[56,66587,181],{"class":180},[56,66589,78],{"class":70},[56,66591,191],{"class":180},[56,66593,352],{"class":184},[56,66595,181],{"class":180},[56,66597,89],{"class":70},[56,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66601,112],{"class":111},[56,66603,115],{"class":70},[56,66605,181],{"class":180},[56,66607,11650],{"class":184},[56,66609,181],{"class":180},[56,66611,78],{"class":70},[56,66613,13201],{"class":101},[56,66615,238],{"class":70},[56,66617,66618],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66619,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,66623,370],{"class":62},[56,66625,98],{"class":70},[56,66627,54031],{"class":101},[56,66629,115],{"class":70},[56,66631,75],{"class":74},[56,66633,78],{"class":70},[56,66635,191],{"class":180},[56,66637,22605],{"class":184},[56,66639,181],{"class":180},[56,66641,238],{"class":70},[56,66643,66644,66646,66648,66650,66653,66655,66657,66659],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,66645,112],{"class":111},[56,66647,115],{"class":70},[56,66649,181],{"class":180},[56,66651,66652],{"class":184},"After: ",[56,66654,181],{"class":180},[56,66656,78],{"class":70},[56,66658,13201],{"class":101},[56,66660,238],{"class":70},[20,66662,241],{},[47,66664,66666],{"className":49,"code":66665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66667,66668,66700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66669,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66671,11710],{"class":62},[56,66673,141],{"class":70},[56,66675,71],{"class":70},[56,66677,254],{"class":180},[56,66679,343],{"class":184},[56,66681,254],{"class":180},[56,66683,78],{"class":70},[56,66685,263],{"class":180},[56,66687,361],{"class":184},[56,66689,254],{"class":180},[56,66691,78],{"class":70},[56,66693,263],{"class":180},[56,66695,352],{"class":184},[56,66697,254],{"class":180},[56,66699,89],{"class":70},[56,66701,66702,66704,66706,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66703,11763],{"class":62},[56,66705,141],{"class":70},[56,66707,66708],{"class":70},"  [",[56,66710,254],{"class":180},[56,66712,343],{"class":184},[56,66714,254],{"class":180},[56,66716,78],{"class":70},[56,66718,263],{"class":180},[56,66720,22605],{"class":184},[56,66722,254],{"class":180},[56,66724,78],{"class":70},[56,66726,263],{"class":180},[56,66728,361],{"class":184},[56,66730,254],{"class":180},[56,66732,78],{"class":70},[56,66734,263],{"class":180},[56,66736,352],{"class":184},[56,66738,254],{"class":180},[56,66740,89],{"class":70},[20,66742,66743,66744,66746],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66745,75],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[42,66748,66750],{"id":66749},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66752,2079,66753,35410,66755,66758],{},[15,66754,35927],{},[15,66756,66757],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1030,66760,66762],{"id":66761},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66764,66765,66766,66768],{},"Use index ",[15,66767,2218],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[47,66770,66772],{"className":49,"code":66771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66773,66774,66795,66814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66775,66776,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66777,66778],{"class":62},"nums ",[56,66780,67],{"class":66},[56,66782,71],{"class":70},[56,66784,1097],{"class":74},[56,66786,78],{"class":70},[56,66788,86],{"class":74},[56,66790,78],{"class":70},[56,66792,2554],{"class":74},[56,66794,89],{"class":70},[56,66796,66797,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66798,66799],{"class":62},"nums",[56,66801,98],{"class":70},[56,66803,54031],{"class":101},[56,66805,115],{"class":70},[56,66807,2218],{"class":74},[56,66809,78],{"class":70},[56,66811,910],{"class":74},[56,66813,238],{"class":70},[56,66815,66816,66818,66820,66822],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66817,112],{"class":111},[56,66819,115],{"class":70},[56,66821,66799],{"class":101},[56,66823,238],{"class":70},[20,66825,241],{},[47,66827,66828],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,66829,66830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66831,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66833,251],{"class":70},[56,66835,75],{"class":74},[56,66837,78],{"class":70},[56,66839,81],{"class":74},[56,66841,78],{"class":70},[56,66843,86],{"class":74},[56,66845,78],{"class":70},[56,66847,2554],{"class":74},[56,66849,89],{"class":70},[1030,66851,66853],{"id":66852},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66855,66856],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[47,66858,66860],{"className":49,"code":66859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66861,66862,66882,66900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66863,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66865,66778],{"class":62},[56,66867,67],{"class":66},[56,66869,71],{"class":70},[56,66871,75],{"class":74},[56,66873,78],{"class":70},[56,66875,81],{"class":74},[56,66877,78],{"class":70},[56,66879,2554],{"class":74},[56,66881,89],{"class":70},[56,66883,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66885,66799],{"class":62},[56,66887,98],{"class":70},[56,66889,54031],{"class":101},[56,66891,115],{"class":70},[56,66893,1097],{"class":74},[56,66895,78],{"class":70},[56,66897,86],{"class":74},[56,66899,238],{"class":70},[56,66901,66902,66904,66906,66908],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66903,112],{"class":111},[56,66905,115],{"class":70},[56,66907,66799],{"class":101},[56,66909,238],{"class":70},[20,66911,241],{},[47,66913,66914],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,66915,66916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66917,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66919,251],{"class":70},[56,66921,75],{"class":74},[56,66923,78],{"class":70},[56,66925,81],{"class":74},[56,66927,78],{"class":70},[56,66929,86],{"class":74},[56,66931,78],{"class":70},[56,66933,2554],{"class":74},[56,66935,89],{"class":70},[1030,66937,66939],{"id":66938},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66941,66942],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[47,66944,66946],{"className":49,"code":66945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66947,66948,66968,66986],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66949,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66951,66778],{"class":62},[56,66953,67],{"class":66},[56,66955,71],{"class":70},[56,66957,75],{"class":74},[56,66959,78],{"class":70},[56,66961,81],{"class":74},[56,66963,78],{"class":70},[56,66965,86],{"class":74},[56,66967,89],{"class":70},[56,66969,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,66971,66799],{"class":62},[56,66973,98],{"class":70},[56,66975,54031],{"class":101},[56,66977,115],{"class":70},[56,66979,444],{"class":74},[56,66981,78],{"class":70},[56,66983,2554],{"class":74},[56,66985,238],{"class":70},[56,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,66989,112],{"class":111},[56,66991,115],{"class":70},[56,66993,66799],{"class":101},[56,66995,238],{"class":70},[20,66997,241],{},[47,66999,67000],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67001,67002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67003,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67005,251],{"class":70},[56,67007,75],{"class":74},[56,67009,78],{"class":70},[56,67011,81],{"class":74},[56,67013,78],{"class":70},[56,67015,86],{"class":74},[56,67017,78],{"class":70},[56,67019,2554],{"class":74},[56,67021,89],{"class":70},[1030,67023,67025],{"id":67024},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67027,67028,67029,67031],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67030,54348],{}," places the item before that position.",[47,67033,67035],{"className":49,"code":67034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67036,67037,67069,67093],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67038,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67040,173],{"class":62},[56,67042,67],{"class":66},[56,67044,71],{"class":70},[56,67046,181],{"class":180},[56,67048,36],{"class":184},[56,67050,181],{"class":180},[56,67052,78],{"class":70},[56,67054,191],{"class":180},[56,67056,194],{"class":184},[56,67058,181],{"class":180},[56,67060,78],{"class":70},[56,67062,191],{"class":180},[56,67064,212],{"class":184},[56,67066,181],{"class":180},[56,67068,89],{"class":70},[56,67070,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67072,221],{"class":62},[56,67074,98],{"class":70},[56,67076,54031],{"class":101},[56,67078,115],{"class":70},[56,67080,709],{"class":66},[56,67082,75],{"class":74},[56,67084,78],{"class":70},[56,67086,191],{"class":180},[56,67088,203],{"class":184},[56,67090,181],{"class":180},[56,67092,238],{"class":70},[56,67094,67095,67097,67099,67101],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67096,112],{"class":111},[56,67098,115],{"class":70},[56,67100,221],{"class":101},[56,67102,238],{"class":70},[20,67104,241],{},[47,67106,67108],{"className":49,"code":67107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67109,67110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67111,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67113,251],{"class":70},[56,67115,254],{"class":180},[56,67117,36],{"class":184},[56,67119,254],{"class":180},[56,67121,78],{"class":70},[56,67123,263],{"class":180},[56,67125,194],{"class":184},[56,67127,254],{"class":180},[56,67129,78],{"class":70},[56,67131,263],{"class":180},[56,67133,203],{"class":184},[56,67135,254],{"class":180},[56,67137,78],{"class":70},[56,67139,263],{"class":180},[56,67141,212],{"class":184},[56,67143,254],{"class":180},[56,67145,89],{"class":70},[20,67147,67148,67149,2401],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[36,67150,67151],{"href":51060},"Python lists beginner guide",[42,67153,67155,1021,67157],{"id":67154},"insert-vs-append",[15,67156,54348],{},[15,67158,52734],{},[20,67160,67161],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1030,67163,650,67165,10689],{"id":67164},"use-insert-when",[15,67166,54348],{},[143,67168,67169,67172],{},[146,67170,67171],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[146,67173,67174],{},"The order of the list matters",[1030,67176,650,67178,10689],{"id":67177},"use-append-when",[15,67179,52734],{},[143,67181,67182,67185],{},[146,67183,67184],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[146,67186,67187],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67189,163],{},[47,67191,67193],{"className":49,"code":67192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67194,67195,67219,67223,67245,67255,67259,67277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67196,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67198,7871],{"class":62},[56,67200,67],{"class":66},[56,67202,71],{"class":70},[56,67204,181],{"class":180},[56,67206,562],{"class":184},[56,67208,181],{"class":180},[56,67210,78],{"class":70},[56,67212,191],{"class":180},[56,67214,33304],{"class":184},[56,67216,181],{"class":180},[56,67218,89],{"class":70},[56,67220,67221],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67222,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,67224,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67226,7900],{"class":62},[56,67228,98],{"class":70},[56,67230,54031],{"class":101},[56,67232,115],{"class":70},[56,67234,75],{"class":74},[56,67236,78],{"class":70},[56,67238,191],{"class":180},[56,67240,571],{"class":184},[56,67242,181],{"class":180},[56,67244,238],{"class":70},[56,67246,67247,67249,67251,67253],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,67248,112],{"class":111},[56,67250,115],{"class":70},[56,67252,7900],{"class":101},[56,67254,238],{"class":70},[56,67256,67257],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,67258,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,67260,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,67262,7900],{"class":62},[56,67264,98],{"class":70},[56,67266,13631],{"class":101},[56,67268,115],{"class":70},[56,67270,181],{"class":180},[56,67272,22614],{"class":184},[56,67274,181],{"class":180},[56,67276,238],{"class":70},[56,67278,67279,67281,67283,67285],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,67280,112],{"class":111},[56,67282,115],{"class":70},[56,67284,7900],{"class":101},[56,67286,238],{"class":70},[20,67288,241],{},[47,67290,67292],{"className":49,"code":67291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67293,67294,67322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67295,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67297,251],{"class":70},[56,67299,254],{"class":180},[56,67301,562],{"class":184},[56,67303,254],{"class":180},[56,67305,78],{"class":70},[56,67307,263],{"class":180},[56,67309,571],{"class":184},[56,67311,254],{"class":180},[56,67313,78],{"class":70},[56,67315,263],{"class":180},[56,67317,33304],{"class":184},[56,67319,254],{"class":180},[56,67321,89],{"class":70},[56,67323,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67325,251],{"class":70},[56,67327,254],{"class":180},[56,67329,562],{"class":184},[56,67331,254],{"class":180},[56,67333,78],{"class":70},[56,67335,263],{"class":180},[56,67337,571],{"class":184},[56,67339,254],{"class":180},[56,67341,78],{"class":70},[56,67343,263],{"class":180},[56,67345,33304],{"class":184},[56,67347,254],{"class":180},[56,67349,78],{"class":70},[56,67351,263],{"class":180},[56,67353,22614],{"class":184},[56,67355,254],{"class":180},[56,67357,89],{"class":70},[20,67359,67360,67361,98],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[36,67362,1988,67363,1384],{"href":56843},[15,67364,52734],{},[20,67366,67367,67368,98],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[36,67369,53130],{"href":53129},[42,67371,4606],{"id":4605},[20,67373,14812,67374,98],{},[15,67375,54348],{},[1030,67377,1429,67379],{"id":67378},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67380,54348],{},[20,67382,25772],{},[47,67384,67386],{"className":49,"code":67385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67387,67388,67408,67430,67434,67444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67391,63],{"class":62},[56,67393,67],{"class":66},[56,67395,71],{"class":70},[56,67397,75],{"class":74},[56,67399,78],{"class":70},[56,67401,81],{"class":74},[56,67403,78],{"class":70},[56,67405,86],{"class":74},[56,67407,89],{"class":70},[56,67409,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67411,1156],{"class":62},[56,67413,67],{"class":66},[56,67415,850],{"class":62},[56,67417,98],{"class":70},[56,67419,54031],{"class":101},[56,67421,115],{"class":70},[56,67423,75],{"class":74},[56,67425,78],{"class":70},[56,67427,10285],{"class":74},[56,67429,238],{"class":70},[56,67431,67432],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67433,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,67435,67436,67438,67440,67442],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,67437,112],{"class":111},[56,67439,115],{"class":70},[56,67441,1190],{"class":101},[56,67443,238],{"class":70},[56,67445,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,67447,112],{"class":111},[56,67449,115],{"class":70},[56,67451,95],{"class":101},[56,67453,238],{"class":70},[20,67455,241],{},[47,67457,67459],{"className":49,"code":67458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67460,67461,67465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67462,67463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67464,894],{"class":893},[56,67466,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67468,251],{"class":70},[56,67470,75],{"class":74},[56,67472,78],{"class":70},[56,67474,10285],{"class":74},[56,67476,78],{"class":70},[56,67478,81],{"class":74},[56,67480,78],{"class":70},[56,67482,86],{"class":74},[56,67484,89],{"class":70},[20,67486,67487,54233,67489,98],{},[15,67488,54348],{},[15,67490,157],{},[20,67492,16724],{},[47,67494,67496],{"className":49,"code":67495,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67497,67498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67499,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67501,845],{"class":62},[56,67503,67],{"class":66},[56,67505,850],{"class":62},[56,67507,98],{"class":70},[56,67509,54031],{"class":101},[56,67511,115],{"class":70},[56,67513,75],{"class":74},[56,67515,78],{"class":70},[56,67517,10285],{"class":74},[56,67519,238],{"class":70},[20,67521,67522],{},"Right:",[47,67524,67526],{"className":49,"code":67525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67527,67528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67529,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67531,95],{"class":62},[56,67533,98],{"class":70},[56,67535,54031],{"class":101},[56,67537,115],{"class":70},[56,67539,75],{"class":74},[56,67541,78],{"class":70},[56,67543,10285],{"class":74},[56,67545,238],{"class":70},[1030,67547,67549],{"id":67548},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67551,67552],{},"The correct order is:",[47,67554,67555],{"className":49,"code":66408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67556,67557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67558,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571,67573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67560,302],{"class":62},[56,67562,98],{"class":70},[56,67564,54031],{"class":101},[56,67566,115],{"class":70},[56,67568,35927],{"class":101},[56,67570,78],{"class":70},[56,67572,29588],{"class":101},[56,67574,238],{"class":70},[20,67576,67577],{},"Not:",[47,67579,67581],{"className":49,"code":67580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67582,67583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67584,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67586,302],{"class":62},[56,67588,98],{"class":70},[56,67590,54031],{"class":101},[56,67592,115],{"class":70},[56,67594,23391],{"class":101},[56,67596,78],{"class":70},[56,67598,35902],{"class":101},[56,67600,238],{"class":70},[20,67602,163],{},[47,67604,67605],{"className":49,"code":66450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67606,67607,67631,67653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67608,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67610,173],{"class":62},[56,67612,67],{"class":66},[56,67614,71],{"class":70},[56,67616,181],{"class":180},[56,67618,36],{"class":184},[56,67620,181],{"class":180},[56,67622,78],{"class":70},[56,67624,191],{"class":180},[56,67626,203],{"class":184},[56,67628,181],{"class":180},[56,67630,89],{"class":70},[56,67632,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67634,221],{"class":62},[56,67636,98],{"class":70},[56,67638,54031],{"class":101},[56,67640,115],{"class":70},[56,67642,75],{"class":74},[56,67644,78],{"class":70},[56,67646,191],{"class":180},[56,67648,194],{"class":184},[56,67650,181],{"class":180},[56,67652,238],{"class":70},[56,67654,67655,67657,67659,67661],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67656,112],{"class":111},[56,67658,115],{"class":70},[56,67660,221],{"class":101},[56,67662,238],{"class":70},[20,67664,241],{},[47,67666,67667],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,67668,67669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67672,251],{"class":70},[56,67674,254],{"class":180},[56,67676,36],{"class":184},[56,67678,254],{"class":180},[56,67680,78],{"class":70},[56,67682,263],{"class":180},[56,67684,194],{"class":184},[56,67686,254],{"class":180},[56,67688,78],{"class":70},[56,67690,263],{"class":180},[56,67692,203],{"class":184},[56,67694,254],{"class":180},[56,67696,89],{"class":70},[1030,67698,1435,67700,67702],{"id":67699},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67701,54348],{}," to replace an item",[20,67704,67705,67707],{},[15,67706,54348],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[47,67709,67711],{"className":49,"code":67710,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67712,67713,67733,67751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67714,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67716,63],{"class":62},[56,67718,67],{"class":66},[56,67720,71],{"class":70},[56,67722,75],{"class":74},[56,67724,78],{"class":70},[56,67726,81],{"class":74},[56,67728,78],{"class":70},[56,67730,86],{"class":74},[56,67732,89],{"class":70},[56,67734,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67736,95],{"class":62},[56,67738,98],{"class":70},[56,67740,54031],{"class":101},[56,67742,115],{"class":70},[56,67744,75],{"class":74},[56,67746,78],{"class":70},[56,67748,10285],{"class":74},[56,67750,238],{"class":70},[56,67752,67753,67755,67757,67759],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67754,112],{"class":111},[56,67756,115],{"class":70},[56,67758,95],{"class":101},[56,67760,238],{"class":70},[20,67762,241],{},[47,67764,67766],{"className":49,"code":67765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67767,67768],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67769,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67771,251],{"class":70},[56,67773,75],{"class":74},[56,67775,78],{"class":70},[56,67777,10285],{"class":74},[56,67779,78],{"class":70},[56,67781,81],{"class":74},[56,67783,78],{"class":70},[56,67785,86],{"class":74},[56,67787,89],{"class":70},[20,67789,67790],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[47,67792,67794],{"className":49,"code":67793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67795,67796,67816,67830],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67797,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67799,63],{"class":62},[56,67801,67],{"class":66},[56,67803,71],{"class":70},[56,67805,75],{"class":74},[56,67807,78],{"class":70},[56,67809,81],{"class":74},[56,67811,78],{"class":70},[56,67813,86],{"class":74},[56,67815,89],{"class":70},[56,67817,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67819,95],{"class":62},[56,67821,251],{"class":70},[56,67823,75],{"class":74},[56,67825,13351],{"class":70},[56,67827,13354],{"class":66},[56,67829,14209],{"class":74},[56,67831,67832,67834,67836,67838],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67833,112],{"class":111},[56,67835,115],{"class":70},[56,67837,95],{"class":101},[56,67839,238],{"class":70},[20,67841,241],{},[47,67843,67845],{"className":49,"code":67844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67846,67847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67848,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67850,251],{"class":70},[56,67852,75],{"class":74},[56,67854,78],{"class":70},[56,67856,10285],{"class":74},[56,67858,78],{"class":70},[56,67860,86],{"class":74},[56,67862,89],{"class":70},[1030,67864,67866],{"id":67865},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67868,67869,67871],{},[15,67870,54348],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67873,67874],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[47,67876,67878],{"className":49,"code":67877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67879,67880,67896,67920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67881,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67883,63],{"class":62},[56,67885,67],{"class":66},[56,67887,71],{"class":70},[56,67889,75],{"class":74},[56,67891,78],{"class":70},[56,67893,2554],{"class":74},[56,67895,89],{"class":70},[56,67897,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67899,95],{"class":62},[56,67901,98],{"class":70},[56,67903,54031],{"class":101},[56,67905,115],{"class":70},[56,67907,75],{"class":74},[56,67909,78],{"class":70},[56,67911,71],{"class":70},[56,67913,1097],{"class":74},[56,67915,78],{"class":70},[56,67917,86],{"class":74},[56,67919,1607],{"class":70},[56,67921,67922,67924,67926,67928],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,67923,112],{"class":111},[56,67925,115],{"class":70},[56,67927,95],{"class":101},[56,67929,238],{"class":70},[20,67931,241],{},[47,67933,67935],{"className":49,"code":67934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67936,67937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67938,67939,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67940,251],{"class":70},[56,67942,75],{"class":74},[56,67944,78],{"class":70},[56,67946,71],{"class":70},[56,67948,1097],{"class":74},[56,67950,78],{"class":70},[56,67952,86],{"class":74},[56,67954,18142],{"class":70},[56,67956,2554],{"class":74},[56,67958,89],{"class":70},[20,67960,67961,67962,98],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[36,67963,1988,67964,1384],{"href":53425},[15,67965,53527],{},[1030,67967,67969],{"id":67968},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67971,8962,67972,67974],{},[15,67973,54348],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[47,67976,67978],{"className":49,"code":67977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67979,67980,67990,68004,68022,68036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67981,67982,67984,67986,67988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67983,112],{"class":111},[56,67985,115],{"class":70},[56,67987,302],{"class":101},[56,67989,238],{"class":70},[56,67991,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,67993,112],{"class":111},[56,67995,115],{"class":70},[56,67997,11250],{"class":111},[56,67999,115],{"class":70},[56,68001,302],{"class":101},[56,68003,1553],{"class":70},[56,68005,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016,68018,68020],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,68007,112],{"class":111},[56,68009,115],{"class":70},[56,68011,302],{"class":101},[56,68013,98],{"class":70},[56,68015,54031],{"class":24831},[56,68017,98],{"class":70},[56,68019,34527],{"class":34534},[56,68021,238],{"class":70},[56,68023,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,68025,32235],{"class":111},[56,68027,115],{"class":70},[56,68029,1644],{"class":1545},[56,68031,98],{"class":70},[56,68033,54031],{"class":24831},[56,68035,238],{"class":70},[56,68037,68038,68040,68042,68044],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,68039,1546],{"class":1545},[56,68041,115],{"class":70},[56,68043,302],{"class":101},[56,68045,238],{"class":70},[20,68047,68048],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[143,68050,68051,68054,68057,68060],{},[146,68052,68053],{},"What is currently in the list",[146,68055,68056],{},"How long the list is",[146,68058,68059],{},"That you are working with a real list",[146,68061,68062],{},"How Python describes the method",[42,68064,1389,68066],{"id":68065},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68067,54348],{},[20,68069,650,68070,68072],{},[15,68071,54348],{}," when position matters.",[20,68074,36504],{},[143,68076,68077,68080,68083,68086],{},[146,68078,68079],{},"Ordered menus",[146,68081,68082],{},"Rankings or score lists",[146,68084,68085],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[146,68087,68088],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68090,68091,68092,68094,68095,68097,68098,68100],{},"You usually do ",[540,68093,931],{}," need ",[15,68096,54348],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68099,52734],{}," is simpler.",[20,68102,68103,68104,98],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[36,68105,57229],{"href":57228},[42,68107,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,68109,1892,68111,1895],{"id":68110},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68112,53991],{},[20,68114,68115,68116,98],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68117,157],{},[1030,68119,68121],{"id":68120},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68123,68124],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1030,68126,5258,68128,68130],{"id":68127},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68129,53991],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68132,68133,68134,68136],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68135,53527],{}," or slicing.",[1030,68138,5268,68140,4480,68142,1911],{"id":68139},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68141,54348],{},[15,68143,52734],{},[20,68145,68146,68148,68149,68151],{},[15,68147,54348],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68150,52734],{}," adds only at the end.",[42,68153,1996],{"id":1995},[143,68155,68156,68162,68168,68172,68176,68180],{},[146,68157,68158],{},[36,68159,1988,68160,1384],{"href":56843},[15,68161,52734],{},[146,68163,68164],{},[36,68165,1988,68166,1384],{"href":53425},[15,68167,53527],{},[146,68169,68170],{},[36,68171,54358],{"href":53129},[146,68173,68174],{},[36,68175,52853],{"href":51060},[146,68177,68178],{},[36,68179,57303],{"href":57228},[146,68181,68182],{},[36,68183,30429,68184,33716],{"href":54376},[15,68185,68186],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2028,68188,68189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":68191},[68192,68194,68195,68196,68202,68209,68218,68220,68229],{"id":66377,"depth":92,"text":68193},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5520,"depth":92,"text":5521},{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":66749,"depth":92,"text":66750,"children":68197},[68198,68199,68200,68201],{"id":66761,"depth":108,"text":66762},{"id":66852,"depth":108,"text":66853},{"id":66938,"depth":108,"text":66939},{"id":67024,"depth":108,"text":67025},{"id":67154,"depth":92,"text":68203,"children":68204},"insert() vs append()",[68205,68207],{"id":67164,"depth":108,"text":68206},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67177,"depth":108,"text":68208},"Use append() when:",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":68210},[68211,68213,68214,68216,68217],{"id":67378,"depth":108,"text":68212},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67548,"depth":108,"text":67549},{"id":67699,"depth":108,"text":68215},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67865,"depth":108,"text":67866},{"id":67968,"depth":108,"text":67969},{"id":68065,"depth":92,"text":68219},"When to use insert()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":68221},[68222,68224,68225,68227],{"id":68110,"depth":108,"text":68223},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68120,"depth":108,"text":68121},{"id":68127,"depth":108,"text":68226},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68139,"depth":108,"text":68228},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66287,"description":68230},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68237,"title":68238,"body":68239,"description":69794,"extension":2062,"meta":69795,"navigation":600,"path":59048,"seo":69796,"stem":69797,"__hash__":69798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68240,"toc":69767},[68241,68247,68256,68305,68307,68315,68321,68323,68341,68347,68352,68355,68358,68373,68375,68427,68429,68437,68445,68452,68454,68460,68525,68527,68535,68537,68556,68559,68610,68614,68619,68646,68648,68656,68659,68728,68730,68745,68751,68755,68764,68767,68822,68824,68832,68835,68837,68882,68884,68892,68898,68900,68908,68911,68913,68952,68954,68993,68998,69000,69002,69037,69040,69042,69080,69084,69090,69092,69143,69145,69153,69160,69163,69184,69187,69242,69253,69255,69316,69318,69327,69334,69340,69343,69346,69403,69406,69419,69426,69432,69438,69440,69453,69456,69553,69555,69572,69575,69657,69659,69681,69688,69694,69696,69700,69706,69712,69717,69721,69724,69730,69737,69739,69764],[10,68242,68244,68245,120],{"id":68243},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68246,11250],{},[20,68248,68249,68250,68252,68253,68255],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68251,42440],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68254,42440],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[47,68257,68259],{"className":49,"code":68258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68260,68261,68281,68295],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68262,68263,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68264,63],{"class":62},[56,68266,67],{"class":66},[56,68268,71],{"class":70},[56,68270,444],{"class":74},[56,68272,78],{"class":70},[56,68274,449],{"class":74},[56,68276,78],{"class":70},[56,68278,454],{"class":74},[56,68280,89],{"class":70},[56,68282,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68284,41321],{"class":62},[56,68286,67],{"class":66},[56,68288,38465],{"class":111},[56,68290,115],{"class":70},[56,68292,95],{"class":101},[56,68294,238],{"class":70},[56,68296,68297,68299,68301,68303],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,68298,112],{"class":111},[56,68300,115],{"class":70},[56,68302,41339],{"class":101},[56,68304,238],{"class":70},[20,68306,241],{},[47,68308,68309],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68310,68311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68312,68313],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68314,46697],{"class":74},[20,68316,650,68317,68320],{},[15,68318,68319],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[42,68322,15242],{"id":15241},[143,68324,68325,68330,68335,68338],{},[146,68326,4285,68327,68329],{},[15,68328,42440],{}," works with Python lists",[146,68331,68332,68333,11791],{},"What value ",[15,68334,42440],{},[146,68336,68337],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[146,68339,68340],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[42,68342,133,68344,68346],{"id":68343},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68345,42440],{}," returns for a list",[20,68348,68349,65159],{},[15,68350,68351],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68353,68354],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68356,68357],{},"A few important points:",[143,68359,68360,68363,68368],{},[146,68361,68362],{},"It counts list items",[146,68364,928,68365,68367],{},[540,68366,931],{}," count characters inside a string item",[146,68369,68370,68371],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68372,2218],{},[20,68374,163],{},[47,68376,68378],{"className":49,"code":68377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68379,68380,68413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68381,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68383,4159],{"class":62},[56,68385,67],{"class":66},[56,68387,71],{"class":70},[56,68389,181],{"class":180},[56,68391,37126],{"class":184},[56,68393,181],{"class":180},[56,68395,78],{"class":70},[56,68397,191],{"class":180},[56,68399,68400],{"class":184},"elephant",[56,68402,181],{"class":180},[56,68404,78],{"class":70},[56,68406,191],{"class":180},[56,68408,58202],{"class":184},[56,68410,181],{"class":180},[56,68412,89],{"class":70},[56,68414,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68416,112],{"class":111},[56,68418,115],{"class":70},[56,68420,11250],{"class":111},[56,68422,115],{"class":70},[56,68424,4200],{"class":101},[56,68426,1553],{"class":70},[20,68428,241],{},[47,68430,68431],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68432,68433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68434,68435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68436,46697],{"class":74},[20,68438,21058,68439,68442,68443,65166],{},[15,68440,68441],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[540,68444,52738],{},[20,68446,68447,68448,98],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[36,68449,2009,68450,2012],{"href":42437},[15,68451,42440],{},[42,68453,5877],{"id":5876},[20,68455,68456,68457,68459],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68458,42440],{},", and print the result.",[47,68461,68463],{"className":49,"code":68462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68464,68465,68497,68511,68515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68466,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68468,334],{"class":62},[56,68470,67],{"class":66},[56,68472,71],{"class":70},[56,68474,181],{"class":180},[56,68476,343],{"class":184},[56,68478,181],{"class":180},[56,68480,78],{"class":70},[56,68482,191],{"class":180},[56,68484,352],{"class":184},[56,68486,181],{"class":180},[56,68488,78],{"class":70},[56,68490,191],{"class":180},[56,68492,361],{"class":184},[56,68494,181],{"class":180},[56,68496,89],{"class":70},[56,68498,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68500,41321],{"class":62},[56,68502,67],{"class":66},[56,68504,38465],{"class":111},[56,68506,115],{"class":70},[56,68508,370],{"class":101},[56,68510,238],{"class":70},[56,68512,68513],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,68514,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,68516,68517,68519,68521,68523],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,68518,112],{"class":111},[56,68520,115],{"class":70},[56,68522,41339],{"class":101},[56,68524,238],{"class":70},[20,68526,241],{},[47,68528,68529],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68530,68531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68532,68533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68534,46697],{"class":74},[20,68536,513],{},[143,68538,68539,68544,68551],{},[146,68540,68541,68543],{},[15,68542,370],{}," is a list with 3 items",[146,68545,68546,2494,68549],{},[15,68547,68548],{},"len(colors)",[15,68550,901],{},[146,68552,68553,68554],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68555,41339],{},[20,68557,68558],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[47,68560,68562],{"className":49,"code":68561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68563,68564,68596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68565,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68567,334],{"class":62},[56,68569,67],{"class":66},[56,68571,71],{"class":70},[56,68573,181],{"class":180},[56,68575,343],{"class":184},[56,68577,181],{"class":180},[56,68579,78],{"class":70},[56,68581,191],{"class":180},[56,68583,352],{"class":184},[56,68585,181],{"class":180},[56,68587,78],{"class":70},[56,68589,191],{"class":180},[56,68591,361],{"class":184},[56,68593,181],{"class":180},[56,68595,89],{"class":70},[56,68597,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68599,112],{"class":111},[56,68601,115],{"class":70},[56,68603,11250],{"class":111},[56,68605,115],{"class":70},[56,68607,370],{"class":101},[56,68609,1553],{"class":70},[42,68611,68613],{"id":68612},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68615,68616,68617,98],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68618,2218],{},[47,68620,68622],{"className":49,"code":68621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68623,68624,68632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68625,68626,68628,68630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68627,7871],{"class":62},[56,68629,67],{"class":66},[56,68631,7929],{"class":70},[56,68633,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68635,112],{"class":111},[56,68637,115],{"class":70},[56,68639,11250],{"class":111},[56,68641,115],{"class":70},[56,68643,7900],{"class":101},[56,68645,1553],{"class":70},[20,68647,241],{},[47,68649,68650],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68651,68652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68653,68654],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68655,47332],{"class":74},[20,68657,68658],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[47,68660,68662],{"className":49,"code":68661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68663,68664,68672,68676,68694,68708,68714],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68665,68666,68668,68670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68667,7871],{"class":62},[56,68669,67],{"class":66},[56,68671,7929],{"class":70},[56,68673,68674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68675,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,68677,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,68679,7087],{"class":3965},[56,68681,38465],{"class":111},[56,68683,115],{"class":70},[56,68685,7900],{"class":101},[56,68687,120],{"class":70},[56,68689,38475],{"class":66},[56,68691,3923],{"class":74},[56,68693,6484],{"class":70},[56,68695,68696,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,68697,8160],{"class":111},[56,68699,115],{"class":70},[56,68701,7900],{"class":101},[56,68703,251],{"class":70},[56,68705,2218],{"class":74},[56,68707,1607],{"class":70},[56,68709,68710,68712],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,68711,27516],{"class":3965},[56,68713,6484],{"class":70},[56,68715,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,68717,8160],{"class":111},[56,68719,115],{"class":70},[56,68721,181],{"class":180},[56,68723,51897],{"class":184},[56,68725,181],{"class":180},[56,68727,238],{"class":70},[20,68729,241],{},[47,68731,68733],{"className":49,"code":68732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is empty\n",[15,68734,68735],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68736,68737,68739,68741,68743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68738,2079],{"class":62},[56,68740,1644],{"class":1545},[56,68742,8187],{"class":66},[56,68744,8193],{"class":62},[20,68746,68747,68748,68750],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[36,68749,52853],{"href":51060}," is a good next step.",[42,68752,68754],{"id":68753},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68756,68757,68759,68760,68763],{},[15,68758,42440],{}," counts only the ",[540,68761,68762],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68765,68766],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[47,68768,68770],{"className":49,"code":68769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68771,68772,68808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68773,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68775,9253],{"class":62},[56,68777,67],{"class":66},[56,68779,56369],{"class":70},[56,68781,75],{"class":74},[56,68783,78],{"class":70},[56,68785,81],{"class":74},[56,68787,18142],{"class":70},[56,68789,71],{"class":70},[56,68791,901],{"class":74},[56,68793,78],{"class":70},[56,68795,2554],{"class":74},[56,68797,18142],{"class":70},[56,68799,71],{"class":70},[56,68801,2235],{"class":74},[56,68803,78],{"class":70},[56,68805,37722],{"class":74},[56,68807,53323],{"class":70},[56,68809,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68811,112],{"class":111},[56,68813,115],{"class":70},[56,68815,11250],{"class":111},[56,68817,115],{"class":70},[56,68819,9292],{"class":101},[56,68821,1553],{"class":70},[20,68823,241],{},[47,68825,68826],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68827,68828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68829,68830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68831,46697],{"class":74},[20,68833,68834],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68836,52161],{},[47,68838,68840],{"className":49,"code":68839,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68841,68842,68868],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68843,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68845,59548],{"class":62},[56,68847,67],{"class":66},[56,68849,71],{"class":70},[56,68851,75],{"class":74},[56,68853,78],{"class":70},[56,68855,71],{"class":70},[56,68857,1097],{"class":74},[56,68859,78],{"class":70},[56,68861,86],{"class":74},[56,68863,18142],{"class":70},[56,68865,2554],{"class":74},[56,68867,89],{"class":70},[56,68869,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68871,112],{"class":111},[56,68873,115],{"class":70},[56,68875,11250],{"class":111},[56,68877,115],{"class":70},[56,68879,59601],{"class":101},[56,68881,1553],{"class":70},[20,68883,241],{},[47,68885,68886],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,68887,68888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68889,68890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68891,46697],{"class":74},[20,68893,21058,68894,68897],{},[15,68895,68896],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[42,68899,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,68901,1441,68903,11180,68906],{"id":68902},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68904,68905],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68907,68351],{},[20,68909,68910],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68912,16724],{},[47,68914,68916],{"className":49,"code":68915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68917,68918,68938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68919,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68921,63],{"class":62},[56,68923,67],{"class":66},[56,68925,71],{"class":70},[56,68927,444],{"class":74},[56,68929,78],{"class":70},[56,68931,449],{"class":74},[56,68933,78],{"class":70},[56,68935,454],{"class":74},[56,68937,89],{"class":70},[56,68939,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68941,112],{"class":111},[56,68943,115],{"class":70},[56,68945,95],{"class":101},[56,68947,98],{"class":70},[56,68949,11250],{"class":101},[56,68951,7284],{"class":70},[20,68953,16736],{},[47,68955,68957],{"className":49,"code":68956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68958,68959,68979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68960,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68962,63],{"class":62},[56,68964,67],{"class":66},[56,68966,71],{"class":70},[56,68968,444],{"class":74},[56,68970,78],{"class":70},[56,68972,449],{"class":74},[56,68974,78],{"class":70},[56,68976,454],{"class":74},[56,68978,89],{"class":70},[56,68980,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,68982,112],{"class":111},[56,68984,115],{"class":70},[56,68986,11250],{"class":111},[56,68988,115],{"class":70},[56,68990,95],{"class":101},[56,68992,1553],{"class":70},[20,68994,68995,68997],{},[15,68996,42440],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1030,68999,25769],{"id":25768},[20,69001,16724],{},[47,69003,69005],{"className":49,"code":69004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69006,69007,69027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69008,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69010,63],{"class":62},[56,69012,67],{"class":66},[56,69014,71],{"class":70},[56,69016,444],{"class":74},[56,69018,78],{"class":70},[56,69020,449],{"class":74},[56,69022,78],{"class":70},[56,69024,454],{"class":74},[56,69026,89],{"class":70},[56,69028,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69030,112],{"class":111},[56,69032,115],{"class":70},[56,69034,11250],{"class":111},[56,69036,238],{"class":70},[20,69038,69039],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69041,16736],{},[47,69043,69044],{"className":49,"code":68956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69045,69046,69066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69047,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69049,63],{"class":62},[56,69051,67],{"class":66},[56,69053,71],{"class":70},[56,69055,444],{"class":74},[56,69057,78],{"class":70},[56,69059,449],{"class":74},[56,69061,78],{"class":70},[56,69063,454],{"class":74},[56,69065,89],{"class":70},[56,69067,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69069,112],{"class":111},[56,69071,115],{"class":70},[56,69073,11250],{"class":111},[56,69075,115],{"class":70},[56,69077,95],{"class":101},[56,69079,1553],{"class":70},[1030,69081,69083],{"id":69082},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69085,69086,69087,69089],{},"The length of a list is ",[540,69088,931],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69091,163],{},[47,69093,69095],{"className":49,"code":69094,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69096,69097,69129],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69098,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69100,173],{"class":62},[56,69102,67],{"class":66},[56,69104,71],{"class":70},[56,69106,181],{"class":180},[56,69108,36],{"class":184},[56,69110,181],{"class":180},[56,69112,78],{"class":70},[56,69114,191],{"class":180},[56,69116,194],{"class":184},[56,69118,181],{"class":180},[56,69120,78],{"class":70},[56,69122,191],{"class":180},[56,69124,203],{"class":184},[56,69126,181],{"class":180},[56,69128,89],{"class":70},[56,69130,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69132,112],{"class":111},[56,69134,115],{"class":70},[56,69136,11250],{"class":111},[56,69138,115],{"class":70},[56,69140,221],{"class":101},[56,69142,1553],{"class":70},[20,69144,241],{},[47,69146,69147],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69148,69149],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69150,69151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69152,46697],{"class":74},[20,69154,69155,69156,19043,69158,98],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69157,1097],{},[15,69159,901],{},[20,69161,69162],{},"Indexes are:",[143,69164,69165,69172,69178],{},[146,69166,69167,69169,69170],{},[15,69168,2218],{}," for ",[15,69171,18176],{},[146,69173,69174,69169,69176],{},[15,69175,75],{},[15,69177,65669],{},[146,69179,69180,69169,69182],{},[15,69181,1097],{},[15,69183,66555],{},[20,69185,69186],{},"So this causes an error:",[47,69188,69190],{"className":49,"code":69189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69191,69192,69224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69193,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69195,173],{"class":62},[56,69197,67],{"class":66},[56,69199,71],{"class":70},[56,69201,181],{"class":180},[56,69203,36],{"class":184},[56,69205,181],{"class":180},[56,69207,78],{"class":70},[56,69209,191],{"class":180},[56,69211,194],{"class":184},[56,69213,181],{"class":180},[56,69215,78],{"class":70},[56,69217,191],{"class":180},[56,69219,203],{"class":184},[56,69221,181],{"class":180},[56,69223,89],{"class":70},[56,69225,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69227,112],{"class":111},[56,69229,115],{"class":70},[56,69231,221],{"class":101},[56,69233,251],{"class":70},[56,69235,11250],{"class":111},[56,69237,115],{"class":70},[56,69239,221],{"class":101},[56,69241,10767],{"class":70},[20,69243,8583,69244,4871,69247,69249,69250,69252],{},[15,69245,69246],{},"len(letters)",[15,69248,901],{},", and index ",[15,69251,901],{}," does not exist.",[20,69254,18920],{},[47,69256,69258],{"className":49,"code":69257,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69259,69260,69292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69261,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69263,173],{"class":62},[56,69265,67],{"class":66},[56,69267,71],{"class":70},[56,69269,181],{"class":180},[56,69271,36],{"class":184},[56,69273,181],{"class":180},[56,69275,78],{"class":70},[56,69277,191],{"class":180},[56,69279,194],{"class":184},[56,69281,181],{"class":180},[56,69283,78],{"class":70},[56,69285,191],{"class":180},[56,69287,203],{"class":184},[56,69289,181],{"class":180},[56,69291,89],{"class":70},[56,69293,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69295,112],{"class":111},[56,69297,115],{"class":70},[56,69299,221],{"class":101},[56,69301,251],{"class":70},[56,69303,11250],{"class":111},[56,69305,115],{"class":70},[56,69307,221],{"class":101},[56,69309,120],{"class":70},[56,69311,2320],{"class":66},[56,69313,910],{"class":74},[56,69315,1607],{"class":70},[20,69317,241],{},[47,69319,69321],{"className":49,"code":69320,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"c\n",[15,69322,69323],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69324,69325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69326,69320],{"class":62},[20,69328,69329,69330,98],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[36,69331,69333],{"href":69332},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1030,69335,1441,69337,69339],{"id":69336},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69338,42440],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69341,69342],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69344,69345],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[47,69347,69349],{"className":49,"code":69348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69350,69351,69361,69375,69389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69352,69353,69355,69357,69359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69354,112],{"class":111},[56,69356,115],{"class":70},[56,69358,302],{"class":101},[56,69360,238],{"class":70},[56,69362,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69364,112],{"class":111},[56,69366,115],{"class":70},[56,69368,11250],{"class":111},[56,69370,115],{"class":70},[56,69372,302],{"class":101},[56,69374,1553],{"class":70},[56,69376,69377,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69378,112],{"class":111},[56,69380,115],{"class":70},[56,69382,1546],{"class":1545},[56,69384,115],{"class":70},[56,69386,302],{"class":101},[56,69388,1553],{"class":70},[56,69390,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,69392,112],{"class":111},[56,69394,115],{"class":70},[56,69396,302],{"class":101},[56,69398,251],{"class":70},[56,69400,2218],{"class":74},[56,69402,1607],{"class":70},[20,69404,69405],{},"These help you verify:",[143,69407,69408,69411,69413,69416],{},[146,69409,69410],{},"what the variable contains",[146,69412,60860],{},[146,69414,69415],{},"whether it is really a list",[146,69417,69418],{},"what the first item is",[20,69420,69421,69422,69425],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69423,69424],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[42,69427,1389,69429,69431],{"id":69428},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69430,42440],{}," with lists",[20,69433,69434,69435,69437],{},"You will often use ",[15,69436,42440],{}," in real programs.",[20,69439,9462],{},[143,69441,69442,69444,69447,69450],{},[146,69443,51851],{},[146,69445,69446],{},"Control loops",[146,69448,69449],{},"Validate input or results",[146,69451,69452],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69454,69455],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[47,69457,69459],{"className":49,"code":69458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69460,69461,69481,69497,69501,69515,69529],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69462,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69464,2652],{"class":62},[56,69466,67],{"class":66},[56,69468,71],{"class":70},[56,69470,75],{"class":74},[56,69472,78],{"class":70},[56,69474,81],{"class":74},[56,69476,78],{"class":70},[56,69478,86],{"class":74},[56,69480,89],{"class":70},[56,69482,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69484,2680],{"class":62},[56,69486,67],{"class":66},[56,69488,71],{"class":70},[56,69490,444],{"class":74},[56,69492,78],{"class":70},[56,69494,449],{"class":74},[56,69496,89],{"class":70},[56,69498,69499],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69500,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,69502,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,69504,112],{"class":111},[56,69506,115],{"class":70},[56,69508,11250],{"class":111},[56,69510,115],{"class":70},[56,69512,36],{"class":101},[56,69514,1553],{"class":70},[56,69516,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,69518,112],{"class":111},[56,69520,115],{"class":70},[56,69522,11250],{"class":111},[56,69524,115],{"class":70},[56,69526,194],{"class":101},[56,69528,1553],{"class":70},[56,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,69532,112],{"class":111},[56,69534,115],{"class":70},[56,69536,11250],{"class":111},[56,69538,115],{"class":70},[56,69540,36],{"class":101},[56,69542,120],{"class":70},[56,69544,38475],{"class":66},[56,69546,38465],{"class":111},[56,69548,115],{"class":70},[56,69550,194],{"class":101},[56,69552,1553],{"class":70},[20,69554,241],{},[47,69556,69558],{"className":49,"code":69557,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69559,69560,69564,69568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69561,69562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69563,46697],{"class":74},[56,69565,69566],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69567,17137],{"class":74},[56,69569,69570],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69571,4068],{"class":893},[20,69573,69574],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[47,69576,69578],{"className":49,"code":69577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69579,69580,69612,69616,69638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69581,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69583,5082],{"class":62},[56,69585,67],{"class":66},[56,69587,71],{"class":70},[56,69589,181],{"class":180},[56,69591,12961],{"class":184},[56,69593,181],{"class":180},[56,69595,78],{"class":70},[56,69597,191],{"class":180},[56,69599,36022],{"class":184},[56,69601,181],{"class":180},[56,69603,78],{"class":70},[56,69605,191],{"class":180},[56,69607,36031],{"class":184},[56,69609,181],{"class":180},[56,69611,89],{"class":70},[56,69613,69614],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69615,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,69617,69618,69620,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69619,6048],{"class":3965},[56,69621,69622],{"class":62}," i ",[56,69624,3972],{"class":3965},[56,69626,54150],{"class":111},[56,69628,115],{"class":70},[56,69630,11250],{"class":111},[56,69632,115],{"class":70},[56,69634,5126],{"class":101},[56,69636,69637],{"class":70},")):\n",[56,69639,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69651,69653,69655],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,69641,8160],{"class":111},[56,69643,115],{"class":70},[56,69645,36234],{"class":101},[56,69647,78],{"class":70},[56,69649,69650],{"class":101}," names",[56,69652,251],{"class":70},[56,69654,36234],{"class":101},[56,69656,1607],{"class":70},[20,69658,241],{},[47,69660,69661],{"className":49,"code":36080,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,69662,69663,69669,69675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69664,69665,69667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69666,2218],{"class":74},[56,69668,36089],{"class":62},[56,69670,69671,69673],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69672,75],{"class":74},[56,69674,36096],{"class":62},[56,69676,69677,69679],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69678,1097],{"class":74},[56,69680,36103],{"class":62},[20,69682,69683,69684,98],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[36,69685,69687],{"href":69686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69689,69690,69691,69693],{},"You can also read ",[36,69692,51628],{"href":51627}," for a task-focused guide.",[42,69695,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,69697,69699],{"id":69698},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69701,650,69702,69705],{},[15,69703,69704],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1030,69707,5230,69709,12797],{"id":69708},"what-does-len-return",[15,69710,69711],{},"len([])",[20,69713,5236,69714,69716],{},[15,69715,2218],{}," because the list is empty.",[1030,69718,69720],{"id":69719},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69722,69723],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1030,69725,1925,69727,69729],{"id":69726},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69728,68905],{}," in Python?",[20,69731,30352,69732,8313,69734,69736],{},[15,69733,68351],{},[15,69735,42440],{}," is a built-in function.",[42,69738,1996],{"id":1995},[143,69740,69741,69747,69751,69755,69759],{},[146,69742,69743],{},[36,69744,2009,69745,2012],{"href":42437},[15,69746,42440],{},[146,69748,69749],{},[36,69750,52672],{"href":51627},[146,69752,69753],{},[36,69754,52853],{"href":51060},[146,69756,69757],{},[36,69758,69333],{"href":69332},[146,69760,69761],{},[36,69762,69763],{"href":69686},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2028,69765,69766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":69768},[69769,69770,69772,69773,69774,69775,69783,69785,69793],{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":68343,"depth":92,"text":69771},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":68612,"depth":92,"text":68613},{"id":68753,"depth":92,"text":68754},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":69776},[69777,69779,69780,69781],{"id":68902,"depth":108,"text":69778},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25768,"depth":108,"text":25769},{"id":69082,"depth":108,"text":69083},{"id":69336,"depth":108,"text":69782},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69428,"depth":92,"text":69784},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":69786},[69787,69788,69790,69791],{"id":69698,"depth":108,"text":69699},{"id":69708,"depth":108,"text":69789},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69719,"depth":108,"text":69720},{"id":69726,"depth":108,"text":69792},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68238,"description":69794},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69800,"title":69801,"body":69802,"description":71784,"extension":2062,"meta":71785,"navigation":600,"path":71786,"seo":71787,"stem":71788,"__hash__":71789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69803,"toc":71757},[69804,69807,69812,69815,69823,69836,69838,69903,69905,69927,69932,69936,69941,69949,69951,69961,69963,70044,70046,70076,70078,70097,70102,70119,70121,70205,70207,70237,70242,70246,70252,70336,70338,70368,70371,70375,70378,70469,70471,70509,70512,70597,70599,70629,70635,70642,70646,70651,70660,70662,70747,70749,70778,70781,70789,70793,70797,70806,70829,70831,70853,70855,70869,70871,70931,70935,70940,70979,70981,70998,71000,71010,71109,71114,71118,71123,71166,71168,71196,71198,71212,71287,71289,71311,71315,71318,71323,71334,71339,71347,71350,71421,71423,71448,71505,71507,71528,71537,71545,71550,71552,71557,71578,71581,71656,71659,71673,71680,71682,71686,71692,71696,71706,71710,71717,71721,71727,71729,71754],[10,69805,69801],{"id":69806},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69808,69809,69811],{},[15,69810,55160],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69813,69814],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[143,69816,69817,69820],{},[146,69818,69819],{},"delete an item from a list",[146,69821,69822],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69824,69825,69826,69828,69829,1450,69831,69835],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69827,12844],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69830,12844],{},[36,69832,69833],{"href":55150},[15,69834,55605],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[42,69837,2104],{"id":2103},[47,69839,69841],{"className":49,"code":69840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69842,69843,69863,69878,69882,69893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69844,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69846,63],{"class":62},[56,69848,67],{"class":66},[56,69850,71],{"class":70},[56,69852,444],{"class":74},[56,69854,78],{"class":70},[56,69856,449],{"class":74},[56,69858,78],{"class":70},[56,69860,454],{"class":74},[56,69862,89],{"class":70},[56,69864,69865,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69866,69867],{"class":62},"last_item ",[56,69869,67],{"class":66},[56,69871,850],{"class":62},[56,69873,98],{"class":70},[56,69875,26323],{"class":101},[56,69877,105],{"class":70},[56,69879,69880],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,69881,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,69883,69884,69886,69888,69891],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,69885,112],{"class":111},[56,69887,115],{"class":70},[56,69889,69890],{"class":101},"last_item",[56,69892,238],{"class":70},[56,69894,69895,69897,69899,69901],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,69896,112],{"class":111},[56,69898,115],{"class":70},[56,69900,95],{"class":101},[56,69902,238],{"class":70},[20,69904,241],{},[47,69906,69908],{"className":49,"code":69907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69909,69910,69915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69911,69912],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69913,69914],{"class":74},"30\n",[56,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,69918,251],{"class":70},[56,69920,444],{"class":74},[56,69922,78],{"class":70},[56,69924,449],{"class":74},[56,69926,89],{"class":70},[20,69928,650,69929,69931],{},[15,69930,12844],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[42,69933,69935],{"id":69934},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69937,69938,69940],{},[15,69939,12844],{}," has two main jobs:",[143,69942,69943,69946],{},[146,69944,69945],{},"It removes one item from a list",[146,69947,69948],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69950,43730],{},[143,69952,69953,69956,69959],{},[146,69954,69955],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[146,69957,69958],{},"It changes the original list",[146,69960,52827],{},[20,69962,163],{},[47,69964,69966],{"className":49,"code":69965,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69967,69968,70000,70004,70019,70023,70034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69969,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69971,334],{"class":62},[56,69973,67],{"class":66},[56,69975,71],{"class":70},[56,69977,181],{"class":180},[56,69979,343],{"class":184},[56,69981,181],{"class":180},[56,69983,78],{"class":70},[56,69985,191],{"class":180},[56,69987,352],{"class":184},[56,69989,181],{"class":180},[56,69991,78],{"class":70},[56,69993,191],{"class":180},[56,69995,361],{"class":184},[56,69997,181],{"class":180},[56,69999,89],{"class":70},[56,70001,70002],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70003,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70005,70006,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70007,70008],{"class":62},"removed ",[56,70010,67],{"class":66},[56,70012,13201],{"class":62},[56,70014,98],{"class":70},[56,70016,26323],{"class":101},[56,70018,105],{"class":70},[56,70020,70021],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70022,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70024,70025,70027,70029,70032],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70026,112],{"class":111},[56,70028,115],{"class":70},[56,70030,70031],{"class":101},"removed",[56,70033,238],{"class":70},[56,70035,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70037,112],{"class":111},[56,70039,115],{"class":70},[56,70041,370],{"class":101},[56,70043,238],{"class":70},[20,70045,241],{},[47,70047,70049],{"className":49,"code":70048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70050,70051,70056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70052,70053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70054,70055],{"class":62},"blue\n",[56,70057,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70059,251],{"class":70},[56,70061,254],{"class":180},[56,70063,343],{"class":184},[56,70065,254],{"class":180},[56,70067,78],{"class":70},[56,70069,263],{"class":180},[56,70071,352],{"class":184},[56,70073,254],{"class":180},[56,70075,89],{"class":70},[42,70077,289],{"id":288},[47,70079,70081],{"className":49,"code":70080,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70082,70083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70084,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70086,1644],{"class":1545},[56,70088,98],{"class":70},[56,70090,26323],{"class":101},[56,70092,3084],{"class":70},[56,70094,35927],{"class":101},[56,70096,1607],{"class":70},[20,70098,2079,70099,70101],{},[15,70100,35927],{}," is optional.",[143,70103,70104,70110,70116],{},[146,70105,70106,70107,70109],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70108,12844],{}," removes the last item",[146,70111,70112,70113,70115],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70114,12844],{}," removes the item at that position",[146,70117,70118],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70120,163],{},[47,70122,70124],{"className":49,"code":70123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70125,70126,70158,70162,70181,70185,70195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70127,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70129,173],{"class":62},[56,70131,67],{"class":66},[56,70133,71],{"class":70},[56,70135,181],{"class":180},[56,70137,36],{"class":184},[56,70139,181],{"class":180},[56,70141,78],{"class":70},[56,70143,191],{"class":180},[56,70145,194],{"class":184},[56,70147,181],{"class":180},[56,70149,78],{"class":70},[56,70151,191],{"class":180},[56,70153,203],{"class":184},[56,70155,181],{"class":180},[56,70157,89],{"class":70},[56,70159,70160],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70161,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70163,70164,70166,70168,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70165,28619],{"class":62},[56,70167,67],{"class":66},[56,70169,70170],{"class":62}," letters",[56,70172,98],{"class":70},[56,70174,26323],{"class":101},[56,70176,115],{"class":70},[56,70178,75],{"class":74},[56,70180,238],{"class":70},[56,70182,70183],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70184,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70186,70187,70189,70191,70193],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70188,112],{"class":111},[56,70190,115],{"class":70},[56,70192,23391],{"class":101},[56,70194,238],{"class":70},[56,70196,70197,70199,70201,70203],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70198,112],{"class":111},[56,70200,115],{"class":70},[56,70202,221],{"class":101},[56,70204,238],{"class":70},[20,70206,241],{},[47,70208,70210],{"className":49,"code":70209,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70211,70212,70217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70213,70214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70215,70216],{"class":62},"b\n",[56,70218,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70220,251],{"class":70},[56,70222,254],{"class":180},[56,70224,36],{"class":184},[56,70226,254],{"class":180},[56,70228,78],{"class":70},[56,70230,263],{"class":180},[56,70232,203],{"class":184},[56,70234,254],{"class":180},[56,70236,89],{"class":70},[20,70238,70239,70240,98],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[36,70241,52853],{"href":51060},[42,70243,70245],{"id":70244},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70247,70248,70249,70251],{},"When you call ",[15,70250,12844],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[47,70253,70255],{"className":49,"code":70254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70256,70257,70292,70296,70311,70315,70326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70258,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70270,70272,70274,70276,70279,70281,70283,70285,70288,70290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70260,29979],{"class":62},[56,70262,67],{"class":66},[56,70264,71],{"class":70},[56,70266,181],{"class":180},[56,70268,70269],{"class":184},"write",[56,70271,181],{"class":180},[56,70273,78],{"class":70},[56,70275,191],{"class":180},[56,70277,70278],{"class":184},"test",[56,70280,181],{"class":180},[56,70282,78],{"class":70},[56,70284,191],{"class":180},[56,70286,70287],{"class":184},"submit",[56,70289,181],{"class":180},[56,70291,89],{"class":70},[56,70293,70294],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70295,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70297,70298,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70299,70300],{"class":62},"last_task ",[56,70302,67],{"class":66},[56,70304,30057],{"class":62},[56,70306,98],{"class":70},[56,70308,26323],{"class":101},[56,70310,105],{"class":70},[56,70312,70313],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70314,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70316,70317,70319,70321,70324],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70318,112],{"class":111},[56,70320,115],{"class":70},[56,70322,70323],{"class":101},"last_task",[56,70325,238],{"class":70},[56,70327,70328,70330,70332,70334],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70329,112],{"class":111},[56,70331,115],{"class":70},[56,70333,36584],{"class":101},[56,70335,238],{"class":70},[20,70337,241],{},[47,70339,70341],{"className":49,"code":70340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70342,70343,70348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70344,70345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70346,70347],{"class":62},"submit\n",[56,70349,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70351,251],{"class":70},[56,70353,254],{"class":180},[56,70355,70269],{"class":184},[56,70357,254],{"class":180},[56,70359,78],{"class":70},[56,70361,263],{"class":180},[56,70363,70278],{"class":184},[56,70365,254],{"class":180},[56,70367,89],{"class":70},[20,70369,70370],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[42,70372,70374],{"id":70373},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70376,70377],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[47,70379,70381],{"className":49,"code":70380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70382,70383,70423,70427,70445,70449,70459],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70386,553],{"class":62},[56,70388,67],{"class":66},[56,70390,71],{"class":70},[56,70392,181],{"class":180},[56,70394,562],{"class":184},[56,70396,181],{"class":180},[56,70398,78],{"class":70},[56,70400,191],{"class":180},[56,70402,571],{"class":184},[56,70404,181],{"class":180},[56,70406,78],{"class":70},[56,70408,191],{"class":180},[56,70410,580],{"class":184},[56,70412,181],{"class":180},[56,70414,78],{"class":70},[56,70416,191],{"class":180},[56,70418,33304],{"class":184},[56,70420,181],{"class":180},[56,70422,89],{"class":70},[56,70424,70425],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70426,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70428,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70430,70008],{"class":62},[56,70432,67],{"class":66},[56,70434,703],{"class":62},[56,70436,98],{"class":70},[56,70438,26323],{"class":101},[56,70440,115],{"class":70},[56,70442,75],{"class":74},[56,70444,238],{"class":70},[56,70446,70447],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70448,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70450,70451,70453,70455,70457],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70452,112],{"class":111},[56,70454,115],{"class":70},[56,70456,70031],{"class":101},[56,70458,238],{"class":70},[56,70460,70461,70463,70465,70467],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70462,112],{"class":111},[56,70464,115],{"class":70},[56,70466,589],{"class":101},[56,70468,238],{"class":70},[20,70470,241],{},[47,70472,70474],{"className":49,"code":70473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70475,70476,70481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70477,70478],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70479,70480],{"class":62},"banana\n",[56,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70484,251],{"class":70},[56,70486,254],{"class":180},[56,70488,562],{"class":184},[56,70490,254],{"class":180},[56,70492,78],{"class":70},[56,70494,263],{"class":180},[56,70496,580],{"class":184},[56,70498,254],{"class":180},[56,70500,78],{"class":70},[56,70502,263],{"class":180},[56,70504,33304],{"class":184},[56,70506,254],{"class":180},[56,70508,89],{"class":70},[20,70510,70511],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[47,70513,70515],{"className":49,"code":70514,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70516,70517,70549,70553,70573,70577,70587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70518,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70520,553],{"class":62},[56,70522,67],{"class":66},[56,70524,71],{"class":70},[56,70526,181],{"class":180},[56,70528,562],{"class":184},[56,70530,181],{"class":180},[56,70532,78],{"class":70},[56,70534,191],{"class":180},[56,70536,571],{"class":184},[56,70538,181],{"class":180},[56,70540,78],{"class":70},[56,70542,191],{"class":180},[56,70544,580],{"class":184},[56,70546,181],{"class":180},[56,70548,89],{"class":70},[56,70550,70551],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70552,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70554,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70556,70008],{"class":62},[56,70558,67],{"class":66},[56,70560,703],{"class":62},[56,70562,98],{"class":70},[56,70564,26323],{"class":101},[56,70566,115],{"class":70},[56,70568,709],{"class":66},[56,70570,75],{"class":74},[56,70572,238],{"class":70},[56,70574,70575],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70576,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70578,70579,70581,70583,70585],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70580,112],{"class":111},[56,70582,115],{"class":70},[56,70584,70031],{"class":101},[56,70586,238],{"class":70},[56,70588,70589,70591,70593,70595],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70590,112],{"class":111},[56,70592,115],{"class":70},[56,70594,589],{"class":101},[56,70596,238],{"class":70},[20,70598,241],{},[47,70600,70602],{"className":49,"code":70601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70603,70604,70609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70605,70606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70607,70608],{"class":62},"cherry\n",[56,70610,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70612,251],{"class":70},[56,70614,254],{"class":180},[56,70616,562],{"class":184},[56,70618,254],{"class":180},[56,70620,78],{"class":70},[56,70622,263],{"class":180},[56,70624,571],{"class":184},[56,70626,254],{"class":180},[56,70628,89],{"class":70},[20,70630,70631,70632,70634],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70633,65928],{}," means the last item.",[20,70636,70637,70638,98],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[36,70639,70640,1384],{"href":59040},[15,70641,64939],{},[42,70643,70645],{"id":70644},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70647,70648,70650],{},[15,70649,12844],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70652,70653,70654,4480,70656,98],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70655,12844],{},[36,70657,70658],{"href":55150},[15,70659,55605],{},[20,70661,163],{},[47,70663,70665],{"className":49,"code":70664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70666,70667,70699,70703,70722,70726,70737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70668,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70670,5082],{"class":62},[56,70672,67],{"class":66},[56,70674,71],{"class":70},[56,70676,181],{"class":180},[56,70678,12961],{"class":184},[56,70680,181],{"class":180},[56,70682,78],{"class":70},[56,70684,191],{"class":180},[56,70686,36022],{"class":184},[56,70688,181],{"class":180},[56,70690,78],{"class":70},[56,70692,191],{"class":180},[56,70694,36031],{"class":184},[56,70696,181],{"class":180},[56,70698,89],{"class":70},[56,70700,70701],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70702,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70704,70705,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70706,70707],{"class":62},"removed_name ",[56,70709,67],{"class":66},[56,70711,69650],{"class":62},[56,70713,98],{"class":70},[56,70715,26323],{"class":101},[56,70717,115],{"class":70},[56,70719,2218],{"class":74},[56,70721,238],{"class":70},[56,70723,70724],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70725,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70727,70728,70730,70732,70735],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70729,112],{"class":111},[56,70731,115],{"class":70},[56,70733,70734],{"class":101},"removed_name",[56,70736,238],{"class":70},[56,70738,70739,70741,70743,70745],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70740,112],{"class":111},[56,70742,115],{"class":70},[56,70744,5126],{"class":101},[56,70746,238],{"class":70},[20,70748,241],{},[47,70750,70752],{"className":49,"code":70751,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70753,70754,70758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70755,70756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70757,50121],{"class":62},[56,70759,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70761,251],{"class":70},[56,70763,254],{"class":180},[56,70765,36022],{"class":184},[56,70767,254],{"class":180},[56,70769,78],{"class":70},[56,70771,263],{"class":180},[56,70773,36031],{"class":184},[56,70775,254],{"class":180},[56,70777,89],{"class":70},[20,70779,70780],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70782,70783,70784,70786,70787,98],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70785,55605],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70788,157],{},[42,70790,70792],{"id":70791},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1030,70794,70796],{"id":70795},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70798,70799,70800,70802,70803,98],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70801,12844],{}," raises an ",[15,70804,70805],{},"IndexError",[47,70807,70809],{"className":49,"code":70808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70810,70811,70819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70812,70813,70815,70817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70814,7871],{"class":62},[56,70816,67],{"class":66},[56,70818,7929],{"class":70},[56,70820,70821,70823,70825,70827],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70822,7900],{"class":62},[56,70824,98],{"class":70},[56,70826,26323],{"class":101},[56,70828,105],{"class":70},[20,70830,241],{},[47,70832,70834],{"className":49,"code":70833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70835,70836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70837,70838,70840,70842,70845,70848,70851],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70839,70805],{"class":1545},[56,70841,141],{"class":70},[56,70843,70844],{"class":62}," pop ",[56,70846,70847],{"class":3965},"from",[56,70849,70850],{"class":62}," empty ",[56,70852,49967],{"class":1545},[20,70854,39341],{},[143,70856,70857,70862],{},[146,70858,70859,70860],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70861,12844],{},[146,70863,70864,70865,4480,70867],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70866,29885],{},[15,70868,29916],{},[20,70870,163],{},[47,70872,70874],{"className":49,"code":70873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70875,70876,70884,70888,70896,70910,70916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70877,70878,70880,70882],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70879,7871],{"class":62},[56,70881,67],{"class":66},[56,70883,7929],{"class":70},[56,70885,70886],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70887,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,70889,70890,70892,70894],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,70891,7087],{"class":3965},[56,70893,6056],{"class":62},[56,70895,6484],{"class":70},[56,70897,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,70899,8160],{"class":111},[56,70901,115],{"class":70},[56,70903,7900],{"class":101},[56,70905,98],{"class":70},[56,70907,26323],{"class":101},[56,70909,7284],{"class":70},[56,70911,70912,70914],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,70913,27516],{"class":3965},[56,70915,6484],{"class":70},[56,70917,70918,70920,70922,70924,70927,70929],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,70919,8160],{"class":111},[56,70921,115],{"class":70},[56,70923,181],{"class":180},[56,70925,70926],{"class":184},"The list is empty.",[56,70928,181],{"class":180},[56,70930,238],{"class":70},[1030,70932,70934],{"id":70933},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70936,70937,70938,98],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70939,70805],{},[47,70941,70943],{"className":49,"code":70942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70944,70945,70965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70948,63],{"class":62},[56,70950,67],{"class":66},[56,70952,71],{"class":70},[56,70954,444],{"class":74},[56,70956,78],{"class":70},[56,70958,449],{"class":74},[56,70960,78],{"class":70},[56,70962,454],{"class":74},[56,70964,89],{"class":70},[56,70966,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975,70977],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,70968,95],{"class":62},[56,70970,98],{"class":70},[56,70972,26323],{"class":101},[56,70974,115],{"class":70},[56,70976,2235],{"class":74},[56,70978,238],{"class":70},[20,70980,241],{},[47,70982,70984],{"className":49,"code":70983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70985,70986],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70987,70988,70990,70992,70995],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70989,70805],{"class":1545},[56,70991,141],{"class":70},[56,70993,70994],{"class":62}," pop index out of ",[56,70996,70997],{"class":111},"range\n",[20,70999,39341],{},[143,71001,71002,71007],{},[146,71003,71004,71005],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71006,42440],{},[146,71008,71009],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[47,71011,71013],{"className":49,"code":71012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71014,71015,71035,71044,71048,71070,71088,71094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71016,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71018,63],{"class":62},[56,71020,67],{"class":66},[56,71022,71],{"class":70},[56,71024,444],{"class":74},[56,71026,78],{"class":70},[56,71028,449],{"class":74},[56,71030,78],{"class":70},[56,71032,454],{"class":74},[56,71034,89],{"class":70},[56,71036,71037,71040,71042],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71038,71039],{"class":62},"index ",[56,71041,67],{"class":66},[56,71043,45670],{"class":74},[56,71045,71046],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71047,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,71049,71050,71052,71054,71057,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71051,7087],{"class":3965},[56,71053,3923],{"class":74},[56,71055,71056],{"class":66}," \u003C=",[56,71058,71059],{"class":62}," index ",[56,71061,1635],{"class":66},[56,71063,38465],{"class":111},[56,71065,115],{"class":70},[56,71067,95],{"class":101},[56,71069,8431],{"class":70},[56,71071,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,71073,8160],{"class":111},[56,71075,115],{"class":70},[56,71077,95],{"class":101},[56,71079,98],{"class":70},[56,71081,26323],{"class":101},[56,71083,115],{"class":70},[56,71085,35927],{"class":101},[56,71087,1553],{"class":70},[56,71089,71090,71092],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,71091,27516],{"class":3965},[56,71093,6484],{"class":70},[56,71095,71096,71098,71100,71102,71105,71107],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,71097,8160],{"class":111},[56,71099,115],{"class":70},[56,71101,181],{"class":180},[56,71103,71104],{"class":184},"Index is out of range.",[56,71106,181],{"class":180},[56,71108,238],{"class":70},[20,71110,71111,71112,98],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,71113,69333],{"href":69332},[1030,71115,71117],{"id":71116},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71119,71120,71122],{},[15,71121,12844],{}," expects an integer index.",[47,71124,71126],{"className":49,"code":71125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71127,71128,71148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71129,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71131,63],{"class":62},[56,71133,67],{"class":66},[56,71135,71],{"class":70},[56,71137,444],{"class":74},[56,71139,78],{"class":70},[56,71141,449],{"class":74},[56,71143,78],{"class":70},[56,71145,454],{"class":74},[56,71147,89],{"class":70},[56,71149,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71151,95],{"class":62},[56,71153,98],{"class":70},[56,71155,26323],{"class":101},[56,71157,115],{"class":70},[56,71159,181],{"class":180},[56,71161,75],{"class":184},[56,71163,181],{"class":180},[56,71165,238],{"class":70},[20,71167,241],{},[47,71169,71171],{"className":49,"code":71170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71172,71173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71174,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187,71190,71193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71176,3103],{"class":1545},[56,71178,141],{"class":70},[56,71180,263],{"class":180},[56,71182,3538],{"class":184},[56,71184,254],{"class":180},[56,71186,24698],{"class":1545},[56,71188,71189],{"class":62}," cannot be interpreted ",[56,71191,71192],{"class":3965},"as",[56,71194,71195],{"class":62}," an integer\n",[20,71197,39341],{},[143,71199,71200,71209],{},[146,71201,71202,71203,2287,71205,2291,71207],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71204,2218],{},[15,71206,75],{},[15,71208,65928],{},[146,71210,71211],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[47,71213,71215],{"className":49,"code":71214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71216,71217,71237,71255,71259,71277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71220,63],{"class":62},[56,71222,67],{"class":66},[56,71224,71],{"class":70},[56,71226,444],{"class":74},[56,71228,78],{"class":70},[56,71230,449],{"class":74},[56,71232,78],{"class":70},[56,71234,454],{"class":74},[56,71236,89],{"class":70},[56,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71240,71039],{"class":62},[56,71242,67],{"class":66},[56,71244,45357],{"class":1545},[56,71246,115],{"class":70},[56,71248,181],{"class":180},[56,71250,75],{"class":184},[56,71252,181],{"class":180},[56,71254,238],{"class":70},[56,71256,71257],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71258,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,71260,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71262,112],{"class":111},[56,71264,115],{"class":70},[56,71266,95],{"class":101},[56,71268,98],{"class":70},[56,71270,26323],{"class":101},[56,71272,115],{"class":70},[56,71274,35927],{"class":101},[56,71276,1553],{"class":70},[56,71278,71279,71281,71283,71285],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,71280,112],{"class":111},[56,71282,115],{"class":70},[56,71284,95],{"class":101},[56,71286,238],{"class":70},[20,71288,241],{},[47,71290,71292],{"className":49,"code":71291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71293,71294,71299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71295,71296],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71297,71298],{"class":74},"20\n",[56,71300,71301,71303,71305,71307,71309],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71302,251],{"class":70},[56,71304,444],{"class":74},[56,71306,78],{"class":70},[56,71308,454],{"class":74},[56,71310,89],{"class":70},[42,71312,71314],{"id":71313},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71316,71317],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1030,71319,650,71321,10689],{"id":71320},"use-pop-when",[15,71322,12844],{},[143,71324,71325,71328,71331],{},[146,71326,71327],{},"you want to remove by index",[146,71329,71330],{},"you want the removed item returned",[146,71332,71333],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1030,71335,650,71337,10689],{"id":71336},"use-remove-when",[15,71338,55605],{},[143,71340,71341,71344],{},[146,71342,71343],{},"you want to remove by value",[146,71345,71346],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71348,71349],{},"Compare these examples:",[47,71351,71353],{"className":49,"code":71352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71354,71355,71379,71383,71401,71411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71356,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71358,63],{"class":62},[56,71360,67],{"class":66},[56,71362,71],{"class":70},[56,71364,444],{"class":74},[56,71366,78],{"class":70},[56,71368,449],{"class":74},[56,71370,78],{"class":70},[56,71372,454],{"class":74},[56,71374,78],{"class":70},[56,71376,449],{"class":74},[56,71378,89],{"class":70},[56,71380,71381],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71382,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,71384,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71386,70008],{"class":62},[56,71388,67],{"class":66},[56,71390,850],{"class":62},[56,71392,98],{"class":70},[56,71394,26323],{"class":101},[56,71396,115],{"class":70},[56,71398,75],{"class":74},[56,71400,238],{"class":70},[56,71402,71403,71405,71407,71409],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71404,112],{"class":111},[56,71406,115],{"class":70},[56,71408,70031],{"class":101},[56,71410,238],{"class":70},[56,71412,71413,71415,71417,71419],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,71414,112],{"class":111},[56,71416,115],{"class":70},[56,71418,95],{"class":101},[56,71420,238],{"class":70},[20,71422,241],{},[47,71424,71426],{"className":49,"code":71425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71427,71428,71432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71429,71430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71431,71298],{"class":74},[56,71433,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71435,251],{"class":70},[56,71437,444],{"class":74},[56,71439,78],{"class":70},[56,71441,454],{"class":74},[56,71443,78],{"class":70},[56,71445,449],{"class":74},[56,71447,89],{"class":70},[47,71449,71451],{"className":49,"code":71450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71452,71453,71477,71481,71495],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71454,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71456,63],{"class":62},[56,71458,67],{"class":66},[56,71460,71],{"class":70},[56,71462,444],{"class":74},[56,71464,78],{"class":70},[56,71466,449],{"class":74},[56,71468,78],{"class":70},[56,71470,454],{"class":74},[56,71472,78],{"class":70},[56,71474,449],{"class":74},[56,71476,89],{"class":70},[56,71478,71479],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71480,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,71482,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71484,95],{"class":62},[56,71486,98],{"class":70},[56,71488,34874],{"class":101},[56,71490,115],{"class":70},[56,71492,15834],{"class":74},[56,71494,238],{"class":70},[56,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71498,112],{"class":111},[56,71500,115],{"class":70},[56,71502,95],{"class":101},[56,71504,238],{"class":70},[20,71506,241],{},[47,71508,71510],{"className":49,"code":71509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71511,71512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71513,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71515,251],{"class":70},[56,71517,444],{"class":74},[56,71519,78],{"class":70},[56,71521,454],{"class":74},[56,71523,78],{"class":70},[56,71525,449],{"class":74},[56,71527,89],{"class":70},[20,71529,71530,71531,71534,71535,98],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71532,71533],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71536,75],{},[20,71538,56680,71539,71542,71543,98],{},[15,71540,71541],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71544,15834],{},[20,71546,71547,71548,98],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[36,71549,55146],{"href":55145},[42,71551,1418],{"id":1417},[20,71553,71554,71555,141],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71556,12844],{},[143,71558,71559,71562,71565,71571,71575],{},[146,71560,71561],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[146,71563,71564],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[146,71566,1447,71567,1450,71569],{},[15,71568,12844],{},[15,71570,55605],{},[146,71572,1435,71573,62047],{},[15,71574,12844],{},[146,71576,71577],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71579,71580],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[47,71582,71584],{"className":49,"code":71583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71585,71586,71596,71610,71624,71642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71589,112],{"class":111},[56,71591,115],{"class":70},[56,71593,302],{"class":101},[56,71595,238],{"class":70},[56,71597,71598,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71599,112],{"class":111},[56,71601,115],{"class":70},[56,71603,11250],{"class":111},[56,71605,115],{"class":70},[56,71607,302],{"class":101},[56,71609,1553],{"class":70},[56,71611,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71613,112],{"class":111},[56,71615,115],{"class":70},[56,71617,302],{"class":101},[56,71619,98],{"class":70},[56,71621,26323],{"class":101},[56,71623,7284],{"class":70},[56,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71627,112],{"class":111},[56,71629,115],{"class":70},[56,71631,302],{"class":101},[56,71633,98],{"class":70},[56,71635,26323],{"class":101},[56,71637,115],{"class":70},[56,71639,2218],{"class":74},[56,71641,1553],{"class":70},[56,71643,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,71645,112],{"class":111},[56,71647,115],{"class":70},[56,71649,1546],{"class":1545},[56,71651,115],{"class":70},[56,71653,35927],{"class":101},[56,71655,1553],{"class":70},[20,71657,71658],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[143,71660,71661,71667],{},[146,71662,71663,71666],{},[15,71664,71665],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[146,71668,71669,71672],{},[15,71670,71671],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71674,71675,71676,71679],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71677,71678],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[42,71681,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,71683,71685],{"id":71684},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71687,71688,71689,71691],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71690,12844],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1030,71693,71695],{"id":71694},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71697,71698,71700,71701,71703,71704,98],{},[15,71699,12844],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71702,55605],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71705,157],{},[1030,71707,71709],{"id":71708},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71711,71712,71713,71716],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71714,71715],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1030,71718,71720],{"id":71719},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71722,71723,71724,71726],{},"Python raises ",[15,71725,70805],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[42,71728,1996],{"id":1995},[143,71730,71731,71735,71740,71745,71750],{},[146,71732,71733],{},[36,71734,55592],{"href":55145},[146,71736,71737],{},[36,71738,71739],{"href":55150},"Python list remove() method",[146,71741,71742],{},[36,71743,71744],{"href":59040},"Python list index() method",[146,71746,71747],{},[36,71748,71749],{"href":51060},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[146,71751,71752],{},[36,71753,69333],{"href":69332},[2028,71755,71756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":71758},[71759,71760,71761,71762,71763,71764,71765,71770,71776,71777,71783],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":69934,"depth":92,"text":69935},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":70244,"depth":92,"text":70245},{"id":70373,"depth":92,"text":70374},{"id":70644,"depth":92,"text":70645},{"id":70791,"depth":92,"text":70792,"children":71766},[71767,71768,71769],{"id":70795,"depth":108,"text":70796},{"id":70933,"depth":108,"text":70934},{"id":71116,"depth":108,"text":71117},{"id":71313,"depth":92,"text":71314,"children":71771},[71772,71774],{"id":71320,"depth":108,"text":71773},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71336,"depth":108,"text":71775},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":71778},[71779,71780,71781,71782],{"id":71684,"depth":108,"text":71685},{"id":71694,"depth":108,"text":71695},{"id":71708,"depth":108,"text":71709},{"id":71719,"depth":108,"text":71720},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69801,"description":71784},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71791,"title":71792,"body":71793,"description":73578,"extension":2062,"meta":73579,"navigation":600,"path":73580,"seo":73581,"stem":73582,"__hash__":73583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71794,"toc":73560},[71795,71798,71803,71809,71811,71881,71887,71891,71896,71916,71919,71986,71988,72009,72017,72019,72038,72054,72056,72121,72123,72148,72150,72152,72217,72219,72244,72246,72260,72263,72316,72318,72339,72343,72351,72424,72426,72459,72465,72471,72562,72564,72589,72595,72684,72686,72710,72712,72716,72771,72773,72805,72808,72811,72905,72907,72940,72946,72952,72956,72963,72989,72993,73058,73060,73085,73089,73170,73172,73201,73206,73211,73217,73221,73228,73250,73254,73313,73315,73339,73348,73353,73355,73359,73388,73390,73465,73468,73482,73488,73490,73494,73497,73501,73506,73510,73519,73523,73531,73533,73557],[10,71796,71792],{"id":71797},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71799,2079,71800,71802],{},[15,71801,55153],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71804,71805,71806,71808],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[540,71807,2570],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[42,71810,2104],{"id":2103},[47,71812,71814],{"className":49,"code":71813,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71815,71816,71848,71866,71876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71817,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71819,7871],{"class":62},[56,71821,67],{"class":66},[56,71823,71],{"class":70},[56,71825,181],{"class":180},[56,71827,562],{"class":184},[56,71829,181],{"class":180},[56,71831,78],{"class":70},[56,71833,191],{"class":180},[56,71835,571],{"class":184},[56,71837,181],{"class":180},[56,71839,78],{"class":70},[56,71841,191],{"class":180},[56,71843,33304],{"class":184},[56,71845,181],{"class":180},[56,71847,89],{"class":70},[56,71849,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71851,7900],{"class":62},[56,71853,98],{"class":70},[56,71855,34874],{"class":101},[56,71857,115],{"class":70},[56,71859,181],{"class":180},[56,71861,571],{"class":184},[56,71863,181],{"class":180},[56,71865,238],{"class":70},[56,71867,71868,71870,71872,71874],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71869,112],{"class":111},[56,71871,115],{"class":70},[56,71873,7900],{"class":101},[56,71875,238],{"class":70},[56,71877,71878],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71879,71880],{"class":123},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71882,650,71883,71886],{},[15,71884,71885],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[42,71888,71890],{"id":71889},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71892,71893,71895],{},[15,71894,55605],{}," is a list method that:",[143,71897,71898,71904,71909,71913],{},[146,71899,71900,71901,71903],{},"Deletes the ",[540,71902,29990],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[146,71905,71906,71907],{},"Changes the original list ",[540,71908,11422],{},[146,71910,1892,71911,932],{},[540,71912,931],{},[146,71914,71915],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71917,71918],{},"This is important for beginners:",[47,71920,71922],{"className":49,"code":71921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71923,71924,71944,71962,71966,71976],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71925,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71927,63],{"class":62},[56,71929,67],{"class":66},[56,71931,71],{"class":70},[56,71933,75],{"class":74},[56,71935,78],{"class":70},[56,71937,81],{"class":74},[56,71939,78],{"class":70},[56,71941,86],{"class":74},[56,71943,89],{"class":70},[56,71945,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,71947,1156],{"class":62},[56,71949,67],{"class":66},[56,71951,850],{"class":62},[56,71953,98],{"class":70},[56,71955,34874],{"class":101},[56,71957,115],{"class":70},[56,71959,1097],{"class":74},[56,71961,238],{"class":70},[56,71963,71964],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,71965,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,71967,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,71969,112],{"class":111},[56,71971,115],{"class":70},[56,71973,95],{"class":101},[56,71975,238],{"class":70},[56,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,71979,112],{"class":111},[56,71981,115],{"class":70},[56,71983,1190],{"class":101},[56,71985,238],{"class":70},[20,71987,241],{},[47,71989,71991],{"className":49,"code":71990,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71992,71993,72005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71994,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71996,251],{"class":70},[56,71998,75],{"class":74},[56,72000,78],{"class":70},[56,72002,86],{"class":74},[56,72004,89],{"class":70},[56,72006,72007],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72008,894],{"class":893},[20,72010,72011,72012,72014,72015,98],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72013,55605],{}," itself returned ",[15,72016,157],{},[42,72018,5521],{"id":5520},[47,72020,72022],{"className":49,"code":72021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72023,72024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72025,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72027,1644],{"class":1545},[56,72029,98],{"class":70},[56,72031,34874],{"class":101},[56,72033,115],{"class":70},[56,72035,2570],{"class":101},[56,72037,238],{"class":70},[143,72039,72040,72045,72048],{},[146,72041,72042,72044],{},[15,72043,2570],{}," is the item you want to delete",[146,72046,72047],{},"Python searches from left to right",[146,72049,72050,72051,72053],{},"Only the ",[540,72052,29990],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72055,163],{},[47,72057,72059],{"className":49,"code":72058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72060,72061,72093,72111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72062,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72064,173],{"class":62},[56,72066,67],{"class":66},[56,72068,71],{"class":70},[56,72070,181],{"class":180},[56,72072,36],{"class":184},[56,72074,181],{"class":180},[56,72076,78],{"class":70},[56,72078,191],{"class":180},[56,72080,194],{"class":184},[56,72082,181],{"class":180},[56,72084,78],{"class":70},[56,72086,191],{"class":180},[56,72088,203],{"class":184},[56,72090,181],{"class":180},[56,72092,89],{"class":70},[56,72094,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72096,221],{"class":62},[56,72098,98],{"class":70},[56,72100,34874],{"class":101},[56,72102,115],{"class":70},[56,72104,181],{"class":180},[56,72106,194],{"class":184},[56,72108,181],{"class":180},[56,72110,238],{"class":70},[56,72112,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72114,112],{"class":111},[56,72116,115],{"class":70},[56,72118,221],{"class":101},[56,72120,238],{"class":70},[20,72122,241],{},[47,72124,72126],{"className":49,"code":72125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72127,72128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72129,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72131,251],{"class":70},[56,72133,254],{"class":180},[56,72135,36],{"class":184},[56,72137,254],{"class":180},[56,72139,78],{"class":70},[56,72141,263],{"class":180},[56,72143,203],{"class":184},[56,72145,254],{"class":180},[56,72147,89],{"class":70},[42,72149,5877],{"id":5876},[20,72151,65248],{},[47,72153,72155],{"className":49,"code":72154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72156,72157,72189,72207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72158,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72160,334],{"class":62},[56,72162,67],{"class":66},[56,72164,71],{"class":70},[56,72166,181],{"class":180},[56,72168,343],{"class":184},[56,72170,181],{"class":180},[56,72172,78],{"class":70},[56,72174,191],{"class":180},[56,72176,361],{"class":184},[56,72178,181],{"class":180},[56,72180,78],{"class":70},[56,72182,191],{"class":180},[56,72184,352],{"class":184},[56,72186,181],{"class":180},[56,72188,89],{"class":70},[56,72190,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72192,370],{"class":62},[56,72194,98],{"class":70},[56,72196,34874],{"class":101},[56,72198,115],{"class":70},[56,72200,181],{"class":180},[56,72202,361],{"class":184},[56,72204,181],{"class":180},[56,72206,238],{"class":70},[56,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72210,112],{"class":111},[56,72212,115],{"class":70},[56,72214,370],{"class":101},[56,72216,238],{"class":70},[20,72218,241],{},[47,72220,72222],{"className":49,"code":72221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72223,72224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72225,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72227,251],{"class":70},[56,72229,254],{"class":180},[56,72231,343],{"class":184},[56,72233,254],{"class":180},[56,72235,78],{"class":70},[56,72237,263],{"class":180},[56,72239,352],{"class":184},[56,72241,254],{"class":180},[56,72243,89],{"class":70},[20,72245,513],{},[143,72247,72248,72251,72257],{},[146,72249,72250],{},"A list is created with three values",[146,72252,72253,72256],{},[15,72254,72255],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[146,72258,72259],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72261,72262],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[47,72264,72266],{"className":49,"code":72265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72267,72268,72292,72306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72269,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72271,5151],{"class":62},[56,72273,67],{"class":66},[56,72275,71],{"class":70},[56,72277,444],{"class":74},[56,72279,78],{"class":70},[56,72281,449],{"class":74},[56,72283,78],{"class":70},[56,72285,454],{"class":74},[56,72287,78],{"class":70},[56,72289,459],{"class":74},[56,72291,89],{"class":70},[56,72293,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72295,16469],{"class":62},[56,72297,98],{"class":70},[56,72299,34874],{"class":101},[56,72301,115],{"class":70},[56,72303,36920],{"class":74},[56,72305,238],{"class":70},[56,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72309,112],{"class":111},[56,72311,115],{"class":70},[56,72313,16469],{"class":101},[56,72315,238],{"class":70},[20,72317,241],{},[47,72319,72321],{"className":49,"code":72320,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72322,72323],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72324,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72326,251],{"class":70},[56,72328,444],{"class":74},[56,72330,78],{"class":70},[56,72332,449],{"class":74},[56,72334,78],{"class":70},[56,72336,459],{"class":74},[56,72338,89],{"class":70},[42,72340,72342],{"id":72341},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72344,65238,72345,72347,72348,72350],{},[15,72346,55605],{}," deletes only the ",[540,72349,29990],{}," one.",[47,72352,72354],{"className":49,"code":72353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72355,72356,72396,72414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72357,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72359,7871],{"class":62},[56,72361,67],{"class":66},[56,72363,71],{"class":70},[56,72365,181],{"class":180},[56,72367,562],{"class":184},[56,72369,181],{"class":180},[56,72371,78],{"class":70},[56,72373,191],{"class":180},[56,72375,571],{"class":184},[56,72377,181],{"class":180},[56,72379,78],{"class":70},[56,72381,191],{"class":180},[56,72383,562],{"class":184},[56,72385,181],{"class":180},[56,72387,78],{"class":70},[56,72389,191],{"class":180},[56,72391,33304],{"class":184},[56,72393,181],{"class":180},[56,72395,89],{"class":70},[56,72397,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72399,7900],{"class":62},[56,72401,98],{"class":70},[56,72403,34874],{"class":101},[56,72405,115],{"class":70},[56,72407,181],{"class":180},[56,72409,562],{"class":184},[56,72411,181],{"class":180},[56,72413,238],{"class":70},[56,72415,72416,72418,72420,72422],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72417,112],{"class":111},[56,72419,115],{"class":70},[56,72421,7900],{"class":101},[56,72423,238],{"class":70},[20,72425,241],{},[47,72427,72429],{"className":49,"code":72428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72430,72431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72432,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72434,251],{"class":70},[56,72436,254],{"class":180},[56,72438,571],{"class":184},[56,72440,254],{"class":180},[56,72442,78],{"class":70},[56,72444,263],{"class":180},[56,72446,562],{"class":184},[56,72448,254],{"class":180},[56,72450,78],{"class":70},[56,72452,263],{"class":180},[56,72454,33304],{"class":184},[56,72456,254],{"class":180},[56,72458,89],{"class":70},[20,72460,72461,72462,72464],{},"Only the first ",[15,72463,57908],{}," was removed.",[20,72466,72467,72468,72470],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72469,55605],{}," again:",[47,72472,72474],{"className":49,"code":72473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72475,72476,72516,72534,72552],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72477,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72479,7871],{"class":62},[56,72481,67],{"class":66},[56,72483,71],{"class":70},[56,72485,181],{"class":180},[56,72487,562],{"class":184},[56,72489,181],{"class":180},[56,72491,78],{"class":70},[56,72493,191],{"class":180},[56,72495,571],{"class":184},[56,72497,181],{"class":180},[56,72499,78],{"class":70},[56,72501,191],{"class":180},[56,72503,562],{"class":184},[56,72505,181],{"class":180},[56,72507,78],{"class":70},[56,72509,191],{"class":180},[56,72511,33304],{"class":184},[56,72513,181],{"class":180},[56,72515,89],{"class":70},[56,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72519,7900],{"class":62},[56,72521,98],{"class":70},[56,72523,34874],{"class":101},[56,72525,115],{"class":70},[56,72527,181],{"class":180},[56,72529,562],{"class":184},[56,72531,181],{"class":180},[56,72533,238],{"class":70},[56,72535,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72537,7900],{"class":62},[56,72539,98],{"class":70},[56,72541,34874],{"class":101},[56,72543,115],{"class":70},[56,72545,181],{"class":180},[56,72547,562],{"class":184},[56,72549,181],{"class":180},[56,72551,238],{"class":70},[56,72553,72554,72556,72558,72560],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,72555,112],{"class":111},[56,72557,115],{"class":70},[56,72559,7900],{"class":101},[56,72561,238],{"class":70},[20,72563,241],{},[47,72565,72567],{"className":49,"code":72566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72568,72569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72570,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72572,251],{"class":70},[56,72574,254],{"class":180},[56,72576,571],{"class":184},[56,72578,254],{"class":180},[56,72580,78],{"class":70},[56,72582,263],{"class":180},[56,72584,33304],{"class":184},[56,72586,254],{"class":180},[56,72588,89],{"class":70},[20,72590,72591,72592,72594],{},"If you need to remove ",[540,72593,3805],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[47,72596,72598],{"className":49,"code":72597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72599,72600,72640,72674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72603,7871],{"class":62},[56,72605,67],{"class":66},[56,72607,71],{"class":70},[56,72609,181],{"class":180},[56,72611,562],{"class":184},[56,72613,181],{"class":180},[56,72615,78],{"class":70},[56,72617,191],{"class":180},[56,72619,571],{"class":184},[56,72621,181],{"class":180},[56,72623,78],{"class":70},[56,72625,191],{"class":180},[56,72627,562],{"class":184},[56,72629,181],{"class":180},[56,72631,78],{"class":70},[56,72633,191],{"class":180},[56,72635,33304],{"class":184},[56,72637,181],{"class":180},[56,72639,89],{"class":70},[56,72641,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72659,72661,72663,72666,72668,72670,72672],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72643,7871],{"class":62},[56,72645,67],{"class":66},[56,72647,71],{"class":70},[56,72649,28619],{"class":62},[56,72651,6048],{"class":3965},[56,72653,6051],{"class":62},[56,72655,3972],{"class":3965},[56,72657,72658],{"class":62}," items ",[56,72660,7087],{"class":3965},[56,72662,6051],{"class":62},[56,72664,72665],{"class":66},"!=",[56,72667,191],{"class":180},[56,72669,562],{"class":184},[56,72671,181],{"class":180},[56,72673,89],{"class":70},[56,72675,72676,72678,72680,72682],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72677,112],{"class":111},[56,72679,115],{"class":70},[56,72681,7900],{"class":101},[56,72683,238],{"class":70},[20,72685,241],{},[47,72687,72688],{"className":49,"code":72566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,72689,72690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72691,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72693,251],{"class":70},[56,72695,254],{"class":180},[56,72697,571],{"class":184},[56,72699,254],{"class":180},[56,72701,78],{"class":70},[56,72703,263],{"class":180},[56,72705,33304],{"class":184},[56,72707,254],{"class":180},[56,72709,89],{"class":70},[42,72711,65704],{"id":65703},[20,72713,65707,72714,98],{},[15,72715,40784],{},[47,72717,72719],{"className":49,"code":72718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72720,72721,72753],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72724,7871],{"class":62},[56,72726,67],{"class":66},[56,72728,71],{"class":70},[56,72730,181],{"class":180},[56,72732,562],{"class":184},[56,72734,181],{"class":180},[56,72736,78],{"class":70},[56,72738,191],{"class":180},[56,72740,571],{"class":184},[56,72742,181],{"class":180},[56,72744,78],{"class":70},[56,72746,191],{"class":180},[56,72748,33304],{"class":184},[56,72750,181],{"class":180},[56,72752,89],{"class":70},[56,72754,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72756,7900],{"class":62},[56,72758,98],{"class":70},[56,72760,34874],{"class":101},[56,72762,115],{"class":70},[56,72764,181],{"class":180},[56,72766,22614],{"class":184},[56,72768,181],{"class":180},[56,72770,238],{"class":70},[20,72772,241],{},[47,72774,72776],{"className":49,"code":72775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72777,72778],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72779,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72781,40784],{"class":1545},[56,72783,141],{"class":70},[56,72785,1878],{"class":1545},[56,72787,98],{"class":70},[56,72789,34874],{"class":101},[56,72791,115],{"class":70},[56,72793,2271],{"class":101},[56,72795,16532],{"class":70},[56,72797,3969],{"class":62},[56,72799,931],{"class":66},[56,72801,21254],{"class":66},[56,72803,72804],{"class":1545}," list\n",[20,72806,72807],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72809,72810],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[47,72812,72814],{"className":49,"code":72813,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72815,72816,72848,72860,72864,72876,72891,72895],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72817,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72819,7871],{"class":62},[56,72821,67],{"class":66},[56,72823,71],{"class":70},[56,72825,181],{"class":180},[56,72827,562],{"class":184},[56,72829,181],{"class":180},[56,72831,78],{"class":70},[56,72833,191],{"class":180},[56,72835,571],{"class":184},[56,72837,181],{"class":180},[56,72839,78],{"class":70},[56,72841,191],{"class":180},[56,72843,33304],{"class":184},[56,72845,181],{"class":180},[56,72847,89],{"class":70},[56,72849,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,72851,2544],{"class":62},[56,72853,67],{"class":66},[56,72855,191],{"class":180},[56,72857,22614],{"class":184},[56,72859,1476],{"class":180},[56,72861,72862],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,72863,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,72867,7087],{"class":3965},[56,72869,21665],{"class":62},[56,72871,3972],{"class":66},[56,72873,6056],{"class":62},[56,72875,6484],{"class":70},[56,72877,72878,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,72879,72880],{"class":62},"    items",[56,72882,98],{"class":70},[56,72884,34874],{"class":101},[56,72886,115],{"class":70},[56,72888,2570],{"class":101},[56,72890,238],{"class":70},[56,72892,72893],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,72894,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,72898,112],{"class":111},[56,72900,115],{"class":70},[56,72902,7900],{"class":101},[56,72904,238],{"class":70},[20,72906,241],{},[47,72908,72910],{"className":49,"code":72909,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72911,72912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72913,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72915,251],{"class":70},[56,72917,254],{"class":180},[56,72919,562],{"class":184},[56,72921,254],{"class":180},[56,72923,78],{"class":70},[56,72925,263],{"class":180},[56,72927,571],{"class":184},[56,72929,254],{"class":180},[56,72931,78],{"class":70},[56,72933,263],{"class":180},[56,72935,33304],{"class":184},[56,72937,254],{"class":180},[56,72939,89],{"class":70},[20,72941,72942,72943,72945],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72944,55605],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72947,72948,72949,98],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[36,72950,65913],{"href":72951},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[42,72953,72955],{"id":72954},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72957,72958,4480,72960,72962],{},[15,72959,55605],{},[15,72961,12844],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[143,72964,72965,72972,72978,72984],{},[146,72966,72967,72969,72970],{},[15,72968,55605],{}," deletes by ",[540,72971,2570],{},[146,72973,72974,72969,72976],{},[15,72975,12844],{},[540,72977,35927],{},[146,72979,72980,2494,72982],{},[15,72981,55605],{},[15,72983,157],{},[146,72985,72986,72988],{},[15,72987,12844],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72990,46121,72991,141],{},[15,72992,55605],{},[47,72994,72996],{"className":49,"code":72995,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72997,72998,73030,73048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72999,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73001,7871],{"class":62},[56,73003,67],{"class":66},[56,73005,71],{"class":70},[56,73007,181],{"class":180},[56,73009,562],{"class":184},[56,73011,181],{"class":180},[56,73013,78],{"class":70},[56,73015,191],{"class":180},[56,73017,571],{"class":184},[56,73019,181],{"class":180},[56,73021,78],{"class":70},[56,73023,191],{"class":180},[56,73025,33304],{"class":184},[56,73027,181],{"class":180},[56,73029,89],{"class":70},[56,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,73033,7900],{"class":62},[56,73035,98],{"class":70},[56,73037,34874],{"class":101},[56,73039,115],{"class":70},[56,73041,181],{"class":180},[56,73043,571],{"class":184},[56,73045,181],{"class":180},[56,73047,238],{"class":70},[56,73049,73050,73052,73054,73056],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,73051,112],{"class":111},[56,73053,115],{"class":70},[56,73055,7900],{"class":101},[56,73057,238],{"class":70},[20,73059,241],{},[47,73061,73063],{"className":49,"code":73062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73064,73065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73066,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73068,251],{"class":70},[56,73070,254],{"class":180},[56,73072,562],{"class":184},[56,73074,254],{"class":180},[56,73076,78],{"class":70},[56,73078,263],{"class":180},[56,73080,33304],{"class":184},[56,73082,254],{"class":180},[56,73084,89],{"class":70},[20,73086,46121,73087,141],{},[15,73088,12844],{},[47,73090,73092],{"className":49,"code":73091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73093,73094,73126,73145,73149,73159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73095,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73097,7871],{"class":62},[56,73099,67],{"class":66},[56,73101,71],{"class":70},[56,73103,181],{"class":180},[56,73105,562],{"class":184},[56,73107,181],{"class":180},[56,73109,78],{"class":70},[56,73111,191],{"class":180},[56,73113,571],{"class":184},[56,73115,181],{"class":180},[56,73117,78],{"class":70},[56,73119,191],{"class":180},[56,73121,33304],{"class":184},[56,73123,181],{"class":180},[56,73125,89],{"class":70},[56,73127,73128,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,73129,73130],{"class":62},"removed_item ",[56,73132,67],{"class":66},[56,73134,6056],{"class":62},[56,73136,98],{"class":70},[56,73138,26323],{"class":101},[56,73140,115],{"class":70},[56,73142,75],{"class":74},[56,73144,238],{"class":70},[56,73146,73147],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,73148,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,73150,73151,73153,73155,73157],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,73152,112],{"class":111},[56,73154,115],{"class":70},[56,73156,7900],{"class":101},[56,73158,238],{"class":70},[56,73160,73161,73163,73165,73168],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,73162,112],{"class":111},[56,73164,115],{"class":70},[56,73166,73167],{"class":101},"removed_item",[56,73169,238],{"class":70},[20,73171,241],{},[47,73173,73175],{"className":49,"code":73174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73176,73177,73197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73178,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73180,251],{"class":70},[56,73182,254],{"class":180},[56,73184,562],{"class":184},[56,73186,254],{"class":180},[56,73188,78],{"class":70},[56,73190,263],{"class":180},[56,73192,33304],{"class":184},[56,73194,254],{"class":180},[56,73196,89],{"class":70},[56,73198,73199],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,73200,70480],{"class":62},[20,73202,650,73203,73205],{},[15,73204,55605],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73207,650,73208,73210],{},[15,73209,12844],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73212,73213,73214,98],{},"For more detail, see the ",[36,73215,73216],{"href":55157},"Python list pop() method",[42,73218,73220],{"id":73219},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73222,73223,4480,73225,73227],{},[15,73224,55605],{},[15,73226,27107],{}," are also different.",[143,73229,73230,73235,73240,73245],{},[146,73231,73232,73234],{},[15,73233,55605],{}," deletes by matching value",[146,73236,73237,73239],{},[15,73238,27107],{}," deletes by index or slice",[146,73241,650,73242,73244],{},[15,73243,27107],{}," when you know the position",[146,73246,650,73247,73249],{},[15,73248,55605],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73251,46121,73252,141],{},[15,73253,27107],{},[47,73255,73257],{"className":49,"code":73256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73258,73259,73291,73303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73262,7871],{"class":62},[56,73264,67],{"class":66},[56,73266,71],{"class":70},[56,73268,181],{"class":180},[56,73270,562],{"class":184},[56,73272,181],{"class":180},[56,73274,78],{"class":70},[56,73276,191],{"class":180},[56,73278,571],{"class":184},[56,73280,181],{"class":180},[56,73282,78],{"class":70},[56,73284,191],{"class":180},[56,73286,33304],{"class":184},[56,73288,181],{"class":180},[56,73290,89],{"class":70},[56,73292,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,73294,27107],{"class":3965},[56,73296,6056],{"class":62},[56,73298,251],{"class":70},[56,73300,75],{"class":74},[56,73302,89],{"class":70},[56,73304,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,73306,112],{"class":111},[56,73308,115],{"class":70},[56,73310,7900],{"class":101},[56,73312,238],{"class":70},[20,73314,241],{},[47,73316,73317],{"className":49,"code":73062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,73318,73319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73320,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73322,251],{"class":70},[56,73324,254],{"class":180},[56,73326,562],{"class":184},[56,73328,254],{"class":180},[56,73330,78],{"class":70},[56,73332,263],{"class":180},[56,73334,33304],{"class":184},[56,73336,254],{"class":180},[56,73338,89],{"class":70},[20,73340,73341,73342,73344,73345,73347],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73343,75],{},", not the value ",[15,73346,65348],{}," directly.",[20,73349,73350,73351,98],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[36,73352,55146],{"href":55145},[42,73354,1418],{"id":1417},[20,73356,21292,73357,141],{},[15,73358,55605],{},[143,73360,73361,73364,73369,73376,73385],{},[146,73362,73363],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[146,73365,1435,73366,73368],{},[15,73367,55605],{}," to delete all matching values",[146,73370,1429,73371,73373,73374],{},[15,73372,55605],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73375,157],{},[146,73377,1441,73378,44710,73380,2976,73382,73384],{},[15,73379,55605],{},[15,73381,12844],{},[15,73383,27107],{}," would be a better fit",[146,73386,73387],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73389,71580],{},[47,73391,73393],{"className":49,"code":73392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73394,73395,73405,73419,73437,73451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73396,73397,73399,73401,73403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73398,112],{"class":111},[56,73400,115],{"class":70},[56,73402,302],{"class":101},[56,73404,238],{"class":70},[56,73406,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,73408,112],{"class":111},[56,73410,115],{"class":70},[56,73412,2544],{"class":101},[56,73414,3972],{"class":3965},[56,73416,1567],{"class":101},[56,73418,238],{"class":70},[56,73420,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,73422,112],{"class":111},[56,73424,115],{"class":70},[56,73426,302],{"class":101},[56,73428,98],{"class":70},[56,73430,41339],{"class":101},[56,73432,115],{"class":70},[56,73434,2570],{"class":101},[56,73436,1553],{"class":70},[56,73438,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,73440,112],{"class":111},[56,73442,115],{"class":70},[56,73444,1546],{"class":1545},[56,73446,115],{"class":70},[56,73448,302],{"class":101},[56,73450,1553],{"class":70},[56,73452,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,73454,32235],{"class":111},[56,73456,115],{"class":70},[56,73458,1644],{"class":1545},[56,73460,98],{"class":70},[56,73462,34874],{"class":24831},[56,73464,238],{"class":70},[20,73466,73467],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[143,73469,73470,73473,73476,73479],{},[146,73471,73472],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[146,73474,73475],{},"How many times does it appear?",[146,73477,73478],{},"Am I working with a list?",[146,73480,73481],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73483,73484,73485,73487],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[36,73486,71744],{"href":59040}," may also help.",[42,73489,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,73491,73493],{"id":73492},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73495,73496],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1030,73498,73500],{"id":73499},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73502,5236,73503,73505],{},[15,73504,157],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1030,73507,73509],{"id":73508},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73511,73512,73513,73516,73517,98],{},"Check with ",[15,73514,73515],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73518,55605],{},[1030,73520,73522],{"id":73521},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73524,650,73525,73527,73528,73530],{},[15,73526,55605],{}," for a value and ",[15,73529,12844],{}," for an index.",[42,73532,1996],{"id":1995},[143,73534,73535,73539,73543,73547,73551],{},[146,73536,73537],{},[36,73538,55592],{"href":55145},[146,73540,73541],{},[36,73542,73216],{"href":55157},[146,73544,73545],{},[36,73546,71744],{"href":59040},[146,73548,73549],{},[36,73550,65913],{"href":72951},[146,73552,73553],{},[36,73554,73556],{"href":73555},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2028,73558,73559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki 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List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75334,"toc":77734},[75335,75338,75350,75353,75376,75384,75386,75498,75507,75511,75514,75517,75604,75606,75639,75641,75664,75670,75674,75677,75699,75701,75718,75721,75741,75743,75853,75855,75932,75936,75939,75982,75984,76117,76119,76221,76226,76230,76233,76235,76249,76252,76366,76368,76442,76444,76472,76476,76481,76511,76514,76640,76642,76724,76730,76734,76736,76775,76784,76788,76791,76795,76842,76844,76852,76856,76907,76909,76922,76924,76938,76941,76949,76951,76998,77000,77008,77011,77054,77059,77062,77065,77088,77092,77143,77146,77167,77177,77181,77183,77213,77216,77239,77243,77246,77313,77315,77352,77355,77363,77430,77432,77469,77475,77482,77486,77489,77519,77524,77528,77531,77555,77558,77652,77662,77664,77668,77671,77675,77678,77683,77686,77692,77695,77697,77725,77731],[10,75336,75332],{"id":75337},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75339,75340,75341,2287,75343,17153,75346,75349],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75342,36154],{},[15,75344,75345],{},"stop",[15,75347,75348],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75351,75352],{},"The basic slice form is:",[47,75354,75356],{"className":49,"code":75355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75357,75358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75359,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75361,302],{"class":62},[56,75363,251],{"class":70},[56,75365,36154],{"class":62},[56,75367,141],{"class":70},[56,75369,75345],{"class":62},[56,75371,141],{"class":70},[56,75373,75348],{"class":62},[56,75375,89],{"class":70},[20,75377,75378,75379,75381,75382,98],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75380,75345],{}," position is ",[540,75383,65143],{},[42,75385,2104],{"id":2103},[47,75387,75389],{"className":49,"code":75388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75390,75391,75419,75423,75444,75462,75479],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75392,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75394,63],{"class":62},[56,75396,67],{"class":66},[56,75398,71],{"class":70},[56,75400,444],{"class":74},[56,75402,78],{"class":70},[56,75404,449],{"class":74},[56,75406,78],{"class":70},[56,75408,454],{"class":74},[56,75410,78],{"class":70},[56,75412,459],{"class":74},[56,75414,78],{"class":70},[56,75416,5168],{"class":74},[56,75418,89],{"class":70},[56,75420,75421],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,75422,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,75424,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,75426,112],{"class":111},[56,75428,115],{"class":70},[56,75430,95],{"class":101},[56,75432,251],{"class":70},[56,75434,75],{"class":74},[56,75436,141],{"class":70},[56,75438,2602],{"class":74},[56,75440,20526],{"class":70},[56,75442,75443],{"class":123},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[56,75445,75446,75448,75450,75452,75455,75457,75459],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,75447,112],{"class":111},[56,75449,115],{"class":70},[56,75451,95],{"class":101},[56,75453,75454],{"class":70},"[:",[56,75456,901],{"class":74},[56,75458,20526],{"class":70},[56,75460,75461],{"class":123},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[56,75463,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,75465,112],{"class":111},[56,75467,115],{"class":70},[56,75469,95],{"class":101},[56,75471,706],{"class":70},[56,75473,1097],{"class":74},[56,75475,20526],{"class":70},[56,75477,75478],{"class":123},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[56,75480,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,75482,112],{"class":111},[56,75484,115],{"class":70},[56,75486,95],{"class":101},[56,75488,706],{"class":70},[56,75490,709],{"class":66},[56,75492,75],{"class":74},[56,75494,20526],{"class":70},[56,75496,75497],{"class":123},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75499,650,75500,75503,75504,75506],{},[15,75501,75502],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75505,75345],{}," value is not included.",[42,75508,75510],{"id":75509},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75512,75513],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75515,75516],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[47,75518,75520],{"className":49,"code":75519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75521,75522,75570,75574,75593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75523,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75525,173],{"class":62},[56,75527,67],{"class":66},[56,75529,71],{"class":70},[56,75531,181],{"class":180},[56,75533,36],{"class":184},[56,75535,181],{"class":180},[56,75537,78],{"class":70},[56,75539,191],{"class":180},[56,75541,194],{"class":184},[56,75543,181],{"class":180},[56,75545,78],{"class":70},[56,75547,191],{"class":180},[56,75549,203],{"class":184},[56,75551,181],{"class":180},[56,75553,78],{"class":70},[56,75555,191],{"class":180},[56,75557,212],{"class":184},[56,75559,181],{"class":180},[56,75561,78],{"class":70},[56,75563,191],{"class":180},[56,75565,60523],{"class":184},[56,75567,181],{"class":180},[56,75569,89],{"class":70},[56,75571,75572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,75573,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,75575,75576,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,75577,75578],{"class":62},"part ",[56,75580,67],{"class":66},[56,75582,70170],{"class":62},[56,75584,251],{"class":70},[56,75586,75],{"class":74},[56,75588,141],{"class":70},[56,75590,2602],{"class":74},[56,75592,89],{"class":70},[56,75594,75595,75597,75599,75602],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,75596,112],{"class":111},[56,75598,115],{"class":70},[56,75600,75601],{"class":101},"part",[56,75603,238],{"class":70},[20,75605,241],{},[47,75607,75609],{"className":49,"code":75608,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75610,75611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75612,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75614,251],{"class":70},[56,75616,254],{"class":180},[56,75618,194],{"class":184},[56,75620,254],{"class":180},[56,75622,78],{"class":70},[56,75624,263],{"class":180},[56,75626,203],{"class":184},[56,75628,254],{"class":180},[56,75630,78],{"class":70},[56,75632,263],{"class":180},[56,75634,212],{"class":184},[56,75636,254],{"class":180},[56,75638,89],{"class":70},[20,75640,311],{},[143,75642,75643,75646,75649,75655,75661],{},[146,75644,75645],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[146,75647,75648],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[146,75650,75651,75652],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75653,75654],{},"list[start:stop]",[146,75656,75657,75658,75660],{},"The item at ",[15,75659,75345],{}," is not included",[146,75662,75663],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75665,75666,75667,98],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[36,75668,75669],{"href":51060},"beginner guide to Python lists",[42,75671,75673],{"id":75672},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75675,75676],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[47,75678,75679],{"className":49,"code":75355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,75680,75681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75684,302],{"class":62},[56,75686,251],{"class":70},[56,75688,36154],{"class":62},[56,75690,141],{"class":70},[56,75692,75345],{"class":62},[56,75694,141],{"class":70},[56,75696,75348],{"class":62},[56,75698,89],{"class":70},[20,75700,65119],{},[143,75702,75703,75708,75713],{},[146,75704,75705,75707],{},[15,75706,36154],{}," is where slicing begins",[146,75709,75710,75712],{},[15,75711,75345],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[146,75714,75715,75717],{},[15,75716,75348],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75719,75720],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[143,75722,75723,75729,75734],{},[146,75724,75725,75726,75728],{},"Missing ",[15,75727,36154],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[146,75730,75725,75731,75733],{},[15,75732,75345],{}," means go to the end of the list",[146,75735,75725,75736,75738,75739],{},[15,75737,75348],{}," means use ",[15,75740,75],{},[20,75742,163],{},[47,75744,75746],{"className":49,"code":75745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75747,75748,75776,75780,75801,75818,75836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75749,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75751,63],{"class":62},[56,75753,67],{"class":66},[56,75755,71],{"class":70},[56,75757,444],{"class":74},[56,75759,78],{"class":70},[56,75761,449],{"class":74},[56,75763,78],{"class":70},[56,75765,454],{"class":74},[56,75767,78],{"class":70},[56,75769,459],{"class":74},[56,75771,78],{"class":70},[56,75773,5168],{"class":74},[56,75775,89],{"class":70},[56,75777,75778],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,75779,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,75781,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,75783,112],{"class":111},[56,75785,115],{"class":70},[56,75787,95],{"class":101},[56,75789,251],{"class":70},[56,75791,75],{"class":74},[56,75793,141],{"class":70},[56,75795,2602],{"class":74},[56,75797,20526],{"class":70},[56,75799,75800],{"class":123},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[56,75802,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,75804,112],{"class":111},[56,75806,115],{"class":70},[56,75808,95],{"class":101},[56,75810,75454],{"class":70},[56,75812,901],{"class":74},[56,75814,20526],{"class":70},[56,75816,75817],{"class":123},"    # start from the beginning\n",[56,75819,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75833],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,75821,112],{"class":111},[56,75823,115],{"class":70},[56,75825,95],{"class":101},[56,75827,251],{"class":70},[56,75829,1097],{"class":74},[56,75831,75832],{"class":70},":])",[56,75834,75835],{"class":123},"    # go to the end\n",[56,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,75839,112],{"class":111},[56,75841,115],{"class":70},[56,75843,95],{"class":101},[56,75845,706],{"class":70},[56,75847,75],{"class":74},[56,75849,20526],{"class":70},[56,75851,75852],{"class":123},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75854,241],{},[47,75856,75858],{"className":49,"code":75857,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75859,75860,75876,75892,75908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75861,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75863,251],{"class":70},[56,75865,15834],{"class":74},[56,75867,78],{"class":70},[56,75869,454],{"class":74},[56,75871,78],{"class":70},[56,75873,459],{"class":74},[56,75875,89],{"class":70},[56,75877,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,75879,251],{"class":70},[56,75881,444],{"class":74},[56,75883,78],{"class":70},[56,75885,449],{"class":74},[56,75887,78],{"class":70},[56,75889,454],{"class":74},[56,75891,89],{"class":70},[56,75893,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,75895,251],{"class":70},[56,75897,36920],{"class":74},[56,75899,78],{"class":70},[56,75901,459],{"class":74},[56,75903,78],{"class":70},[56,75905,5168],{"class":74},[56,75907,89],{"class":70},[56,75909,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,75911,251],{"class":70},[56,75913,444],{"class":74},[56,75915,78],{"class":70},[56,75917,449],{"class":74},[56,75919,78],{"class":70},[56,75921,454],{"class":74},[56,75923,78],{"class":70},[56,75925,459],{"class":74},[56,75927,78],{"class":70},[56,75929,5168],{"class":74},[56,75931,89],{"class":70},[42,75933,75935],{"id":75934},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75937,75938],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[143,75940,75941,75950,75959,75970,75976],{},[146,75942,75943,75946,75947,6056],{},[15,75944,75945],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75948,75949],{},"n",[146,75951,75952,75955,75956,75958],{},[15,75953,75954],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75957,75949],{}," to the end",[146,75960,75961,75964,75965,75967,75968],{},[15,75962,75963],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75966,36],{}," up to ",[15,75969,194],{},[146,75971,75972,75975],{},[15,75973,75974],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[146,75977,75978,75981],{},[15,75979,75980],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75983,163],{},[47,75985,75987],{"className":49,"code":75986,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75988,75989,76022,76026,76043,76060,76081,76098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75990,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75992,63],{"class":62},[56,75994,67],{"class":66},[56,75996,71],{"class":70},[56,75998,444],{"class":74},[56,76000,78],{"class":70},[56,76002,449],{"class":74},[56,76004,78],{"class":70},[56,76006,454],{"class":74},[56,76008,78],{"class":70},[56,76010,459],{"class":74},[56,76012,78],{"class":70},[56,76014,5168],{"class":74},[56,76016,78],{"class":70},[56,76018,76019],{"class":74}," 60",[56,76021,89],{"class":70},[56,76023,76024],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76025,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76027,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76029,112],{"class":111},[56,76031,115],{"class":70},[56,76033,95],{"class":101},[56,76035,75454],{"class":70},[56,76037,901],{"class":74},[56,76039,20526],{"class":70},[56,76041,76042],{"class":123},"    # first 3 items\n",[56,76044,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,76046,112],{"class":111},[56,76048,115],{"class":70},[56,76050,95],{"class":101},[56,76052,251],{"class":70},[56,76054,901],{"class":74},[56,76056,75832],{"class":70},[56,76058,76059],{"class":123},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[56,76061,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,76063,112],{"class":111},[56,76065,115],{"class":70},[56,76067,95],{"class":101},[56,76069,251],{"class":70},[56,76071,75],{"class":74},[56,76073,141],{"class":70},[56,76075,2235],{"class":74},[56,76077,20526],{"class":70},[56,76079,76080],{"class":123},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[56,76082,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,76084,112],{"class":111},[56,76086,115],{"class":70},[56,76088,95],{"class":101},[56,76090,706],{"class":70},[56,76092,1097],{"class":74},[56,76094,20526],{"class":70},[56,76096,76097],{"class":123},"   # every second item\n",[56,76099,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,76101,112],{"class":111},[56,76103,115],{"class":70},[56,76105,95],{"class":101},[56,76107,706],{"class":70},[56,76109,709],{"class":66},[56,76111,75],{"class":74},[56,76113,20526],{"class":70},[56,76115,76116],{"class":123},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76118,241],{},[47,76120,76122],{"className":49,"code":76121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76123,76124,76140,76156,76176,76192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76127,251],{"class":70},[56,76129,444],{"class":74},[56,76131,78],{"class":70},[56,76133,449],{"class":74},[56,76135,78],{"class":70},[56,76137,454],{"class":74},[56,76139,89],{"class":70},[56,76141,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76143,251],{"class":70},[56,76145,495],{"class":74},[56,76147,78],{"class":70},[56,76149,5168],{"class":74},[56,76151,78],{"class":70},[56,76153,76019],{"class":74},[56,76155,89],{"class":70},[56,76157,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76159,251],{"class":70},[56,76161,15834],{"class":74},[56,76163,78],{"class":70},[56,76165,454],{"class":74},[56,76167,78],{"class":70},[56,76169,459],{"class":74},[56,76171,78],{"class":70},[56,76173,5168],{"class":74},[56,76175,89],{"class":70},[56,76177,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,76179,251],{"class":70},[56,76181,444],{"class":74},[56,76183,78],{"class":70},[56,76185,454],{"class":74},[56,76187,78],{"class":70},[56,76189,5168],{"class":74},[56,76191,89],{"class":70},[56,76193,76194,76196,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,76195,251],{"class":70},[56,76197,76198],{"class":74},"60",[56,76200,78],{"class":70},[56,76202,5168],{"class":74},[56,76204,78],{"class":70},[56,76206,459],{"class":74},[56,76208,78],{"class":70},[56,76210,454],{"class":74},[56,76212,78],{"class":70},[56,76214,449],{"class":74},[56,76216,78],{"class":70},[56,76218,508],{"class":74},[56,76220,89],{"class":70},[20,76222,76223,76224,98],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[36,76225,14967],{"href":57294},[42,76227,76229],{"id":76228},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76231,76232],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76234,5562],{},[143,76236,76237,76243],{},[146,76238,76239,76242],{},[15,76240,76241],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[146,76244,76245,76248],{},[15,76246,76247],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76250,76251],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[47,76253,76255],{"className":49,"code":76254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76256,76257,76305,76309,76328,76347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76258,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76260,173],{"class":62},[56,76262,67],{"class":66},[56,76264,71],{"class":70},[56,76266,181],{"class":180},[56,76268,36],{"class":184},[56,76270,181],{"class":180},[56,76272,78],{"class":70},[56,76274,191],{"class":180},[56,76276,194],{"class":184},[56,76278,181],{"class":180},[56,76280,78],{"class":70},[56,76282,191],{"class":180},[56,76284,203],{"class":184},[56,76286,181],{"class":180},[56,76288,78],{"class":70},[56,76290,191],{"class":180},[56,76292,212],{"class":184},[56,76294,181],{"class":180},[56,76296,78],{"class":70},[56,76298,191],{"class":180},[56,76300,60523],{"class":184},[56,76302,181],{"class":180},[56,76304,89],{"class":70},[56,76306,76307],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76308,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76310,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76312,112],{"class":111},[56,76314,115],{"class":70},[56,76316,221],{"class":101},[56,76318,251],{"class":70},[56,76320,709],{"class":66},[56,76322,75],{"class":74},[56,76324,20526],{"class":70},[56,76326,76327],{"class":123},"    # last item\n",[56,76329,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,76331,112],{"class":111},[56,76333,115],{"class":70},[56,76335,221],{"class":101},[56,76337,251],{"class":70},[56,76339,709],{"class":66},[56,76341,901],{"class":74},[56,76343,75832],{"class":70},[56,76345,76346],{"class":123},"   # last 3 items\n",[56,76348,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,76350,112],{"class":111},[56,76352,115],{"class":70},[56,76354,221],{"class":101},[56,76356,75454],{"class":70},[56,76358,709],{"class":66},[56,76360,75],{"class":74},[56,76362,20526],{"class":70},[56,76364,76365],{"class":123},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76367,241],{},[47,76369,76371],{"className":49,"code":76370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76372,76373,76378,76406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76374,76375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76376,76377],{"class":62},"e\n",[56,76379,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76381,251],{"class":70},[56,76383,254],{"class":180},[56,76385,203],{"class":184},[56,76387,254],{"class":180},[56,76389,78],{"class":70},[56,76391,263],{"class":180},[56,76393,212],{"class":184},[56,76395,254],{"class":180},[56,76397,78],{"class":70},[56,76399,263],{"class":180},[56,76401,60523],{"class":184},[56,76403,254],{"class":180},[56,76405,89],{"class":70},[56,76407,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76409,251],{"class":70},[56,76411,254],{"class":180},[56,76413,36],{"class":184},[56,76415,254],{"class":180},[56,76417,78],{"class":70},[56,76419,263],{"class":180},[56,76421,194],{"class":184},[56,76423,254],{"class":180},[56,76425,78],{"class":70},[56,76427,263],{"class":180},[56,76429,203],{"class":184},[56,76431,254],{"class":180},[56,76433,78],{"class":70},[56,76435,263],{"class":180},[56,76437,212],{"class":184},[56,76439,254],{"class":180},[56,76441,89],{"class":70},[20,76443,311],{},[143,76445,76446,76449,76453,76459,76465],{},[146,76447,76448],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[146,76450,76451,76242],{},[15,76452,76241],{},[146,76454,76455,76458],{},[15,76456,76457],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[146,76460,76461,76464],{},[15,76462,76463],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[146,76466,76467,76468,4480,76470],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76469,36154],{},[15,76471,75345],{},[42,76473,76475],{"id":76474},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76477,2079,76478,76480],{},[15,76479,75348],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[143,76482,76483,76486,76489,76494,76504],{},[146,76484,76485],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[146,76487,76488],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[146,76490,76491,76493],{},[15,76492,75980],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[146,76495,8962,76496,76498,76499,76501,76502],{},[15,76497,75348],{}," is negative, ",[15,76500,36154],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76503,75345],{},[146,76505,76506,76508,76509],{},[15,76507,75348],{}," cannot be ",[15,76510,2218],{},[20,76512,76513],{},"Example with different step values:",[47,76515,76517],{"className":49,"code":76516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76518,76519,76551,76555,76572,76594,76613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76520,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76522,63],{"class":62},[56,76524,67],{"class":66},[56,76526,71],{"class":70},[56,76528,444],{"class":74},[56,76530,78],{"class":70},[56,76532,449],{"class":74},[56,76534,78],{"class":70},[56,76536,454],{"class":74},[56,76538,78],{"class":70},[56,76540,459],{"class":74},[56,76542,78],{"class":70},[56,76544,5168],{"class":74},[56,76546,78],{"class":70},[56,76548,76019],{"class":74},[56,76550,89],{"class":70},[56,76552,76553],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76554,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76556,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76558,112],{"class":111},[56,76560,115],{"class":70},[56,76562,95],{"class":101},[56,76564,706],{"class":70},[56,76566,1097],{"class":74},[56,76568,20526],{"class":70},[56,76570,76571],{"class":123},"     # every second item\n",[56,76573,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76587,76589,76591],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,76575,112],{"class":111},[56,76577,115],{"class":70},[56,76579,95],{"class":101},[56,76581,251],{"class":70},[56,76583,75],{"class":74},[56,76585,76586],{"class":70},"::",[56,76588,1097],{"class":74},[56,76590,20526],{"class":70},[56,76592,76593],{"class":123},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[56,76595,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,76597,112],{"class":111},[56,76599,115],{"class":70},[56,76601,95],{"class":101},[56,76603,706],{"class":70},[56,76605,709],{"class":66},[56,76607,75],{"class":74},[56,76609,20526],{"class":70},[56,76611,76612],{"class":123},"    # reverse the list\n",[56,76614,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,76616,112],{"class":111},[56,76618,115],{"class":70},[56,76620,95],{"class":101},[56,76622,251],{"class":70},[56,76624,2602],{"class":74},[56,76626,141],{"class":70},[56,76628,75],{"class":74},[56,76630,141],{"class":70},[56,76632,709],{"class":66},[56,76634,75],{"class":74},[56,76636,20526],{"class":70},[56,76638,76639],{"class":123},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76641,241],{},[47,76643,76645],{"className":49,"code":76644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76646,76647,76663,76679,76707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76648,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76650,251],{"class":70},[56,76652,444],{"class":74},[56,76654,78],{"class":70},[56,76656,454],{"class":74},[56,76658,78],{"class":70},[56,76660,5168],{"class":74},[56,76662,89],{"class":70},[56,76664,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76666,251],{"class":70},[56,76668,15834],{"class":74},[56,76670,78],{"class":70},[56,76672,459],{"class":74},[56,76674,78],{"class":70},[56,76676,76019],{"class":74},[56,76678,89],{"class":70},[56,76680,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76682,251],{"class":70},[56,76684,76198],{"class":74},[56,76686,78],{"class":70},[56,76688,5168],{"class":74},[56,76690,78],{"class":70},[56,76692,459],{"class":74},[56,76694,78],{"class":70},[56,76696,454],{"class":74},[56,76698,78],{"class":70},[56,76700,449],{"class":74},[56,76702,78],{"class":70},[56,76704,508],{"class":74},[56,76706,89],{"class":70},[56,76708,76709,76711,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,76710,251],{"class":70},[56,76712,76713],{"class":74},"50",[56,76715,78],{"class":70},[56,76717,459],{"class":74},[56,76719,78],{"class":70},[56,76721,454],{"class":74},[56,76723,89],{"class":70},[20,76725,76726,76727,98],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[36,76728,76729],{"href":1413},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1030,76731,76733],{"id":76732},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76735,2934],{},[47,76737,76739],{"className":49,"code":76738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76740,76741,76761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76742,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76744,63],{"class":62},[56,76746,67],{"class":66},[56,76748,71],{"class":70},[56,76750,75],{"class":74},[56,76752,78],{"class":70},[56,76754,81],{"class":74},[56,76756,78],{"class":70},[56,76758,86],{"class":74},[56,76760,89],{"class":70},[56,76762,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76764,112],{"class":111},[56,76766,115],{"class":70},[56,76768,95],{"class":101},[56,76770,706],{"class":70},[56,76772,2218],{"class":74},[56,76774,1607],{"class":70},[20,76776,76777,76778,76780,76781,76783],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76779,40784],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76782,2218],{}," does not make sense.",[42,76785,76787],{"id":76786},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76789,76790],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1030,76792,76794],{"id":76793},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[47,76796,76798],{"className":49,"code":76797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76799,76800,76824,76828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76801,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76803,63],{"class":62},[56,76805,67],{"class":66},[56,76807,71],{"class":70},[56,76809,444],{"class":74},[56,76811,78],{"class":70},[56,76813,449],{"class":74},[56,76815,78],{"class":70},[56,76817,454],{"class":74},[56,76819,78],{"class":70},[56,76821,459],{"class":74},[56,76823,89],{"class":70},[56,76825,76826],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76827,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76829,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76831,112],{"class":111},[56,76833,115],{"class":70},[56,76835,95],{"class":101},[56,76837,251],{"class":70},[56,76839,1097],{"class":74},[56,76841,1607],{"class":70},[20,76843,241],{},[47,76845,76846],{"className":49,"code":69914,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,76847,76848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76849,76850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76851,69914],{"class":74},[1030,76853,76855],{"id":76854},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[47,76857,76859],{"className":49,"code":76858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76860,76861,76885,76889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76862,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76864,63],{"class":62},[56,76866,67],{"class":66},[56,76868,71],{"class":70},[56,76870,444],{"class":74},[56,76872,78],{"class":70},[56,76874,449],{"class":74},[56,76876,78],{"class":70},[56,76878,454],{"class":74},[56,76880,78],{"class":70},[56,76882,459],{"class":74},[56,76884,89],{"class":70},[56,76886,76887],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76888,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76890,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76892,112],{"class":111},[56,76894,115],{"class":70},[56,76896,95],{"class":101},[56,76898,251],{"class":70},[56,76900,1097],{"class":74},[56,76902,141],{"class":70},[56,76904,901],{"class":74},[56,76906,1607],{"class":70},[20,76908,241],{},[47,76910,76912],{"className":49,"code":76911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30]\n",[15,76913,76914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76915,76916,76918,76920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76917,251],{"class":70},[56,76919,36920],{"class":74},[56,76921,89],{"class":70},[20,76923,13841],{},[143,76925,76926,76932],{},[146,76927,76928,76931],{},[15,76929,76930],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[146,76933,76934,76937],{},[15,76935,76936],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76939,76940],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[143,76942,76943,76946],{},[146,76944,76945],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[146,76947,76948],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76950,163],{},[47,76952,76954],{"className":49,"code":76953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76955,76956,76976,76980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76957,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76959,63],{"class":62},[56,76961,67],{"class":66},[56,76963,71],{"class":70},[56,76965,444],{"class":74},[56,76967,78],{"class":70},[56,76969,449],{"class":74},[56,76971,78],{"class":70},[56,76973,454],{"class":74},[56,76975,89],{"class":70},[56,76977,76978],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,76979,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,76981,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,76983,112],{"class":111},[56,76985,115],{"class":70},[56,76987,95],{"class":101},[56,76989,251],{"class":70},[56,76991,2235],{"class":74},[56,76993,141],{"class":70},[56,76995,444],{"class":74},[56,76997,1607],{"class":70},[20,76999,241],{},[47,77001,77002],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,77003,77004],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77005,77006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77007,38376],{"class":70},[20,77009,77010],{},"But this would raise an error:",[47,77012,77014],{"className":49,"code":77013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77015,77016,77036,77040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77017,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77019,63],{"class":62},[56,77021,67],{"class":66},[56,77023,71],{"class":70},[56,77025,444],{"class":74},[56,77027,78],{"class":70},[56,77029,449],{"class":74},[56,77031,78],{"class":70},[56,77033,454],{"class":74},[56,77035,89],{"class":70},[56,77037,77038],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77039,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,77041,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77043,112],{"class":111},[56,77045,115],{"class":70},[56,77047,95],{"class":101},[56,77049,251],{"class":70},[56,77051,2235],{"class":74},[56,77053,1607],{"class":70},[20,77055,77056,77057,98],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[36,77058,69333],{"href":69332},[42,77060,15256],{"id":77061},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77063,77064],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[143,77066,77067,77071,77073,77076,77082],{},[146,77068,4792,77069,75660],{},[15,77070,75345],{},[146,77072,60768],{},[146,77074,77075],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[146,77077,1447,77078,1450,77080],{},[15,77079,75980],{},[15,77081,24],{},[146,77083,77084,77085,77087],{},"Using step ",[15,77086,2218],{},", which causes an error",[1030,77089,77091],{"id":77090},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[47,77093,77095],{"className":49,"code":77094,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77096,77097,77125],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77098,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77100,63],{"class":62},[56,77102,67],{"class":66},[56,77104,71],{"class":70},[56,77106,444],{"class":74},[56,77108,78],{"class":70},[56,77110,449],{"class":74},[56,77112,78],{"class":70},[56,77114,454],{"class":74},[56,77116,78],{"class":70},[56,77118,459],{"class":74},[56,77120,78],{"class":70},[56,77122,5168],{"class":74},[56,77124,89],{"class":70},[56,77126,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77128,112],{"class":111},[56,77130,115],{"class":70},[56,77132,95],{"class":101},[56,77134,251],{"class":70},[56,77136,75],{"class":74},[56,77138,141],{"class":70},[56,77140,2602],{"class":74},[56,77142,1607],{"class":70},[20,77144,77145],{},"This returns:",[47,77147,77149],{"className":49,"code":77148,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77150,77151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77154,251],{"class":70},[56,77156,15834],{"class":74},[56,77158,78],{"class":70},[56,77160,454],{"class":74},[56,77162,78],{"class":70},[56,77164,459],{"class":74},[56,77166,89],{"class":70},[20,77168,928,77169,77171,77172,77174,77175,98],{},[540,77170,931],{}," include ",[15,77173,76713],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77176,2602],{},[1030,77178,77180],{"id":77179},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77182,16724],{},[47,77184,77186],{"className":49,"code":77185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77187,77188,77208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77189,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77191,63],{"class":62},[56,77193,67],{"class":66},[56,77195,71],{"class":70},[56,77197,444],{"class":74},[56,77199,78],{"class":70},[56,77201,449],{"class":74},[56,77203,78],{"class":70},[56,77205,454],{"class":74},[56,77207,89],{"class":70},[56,77209,77210],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77211,77212],{"class":123},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77214,77215],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[47,77217,77219],{"className":49,"code":77218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77220,77221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77222,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77224,112],{"class":111},[56,77226,115],{"class":70},[56,77228,95],{"class":101},[56,77230,251],{"class":70},[56,77232,75],{"class":74},[56,77234,141],{"class":70},[56,77236,901],{"class":74},[56,77238,1607],{"class":70},[1030,77240,77242],{"id":77241},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77244,77245],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[47,77247,77249],{"className":49,"code":77248,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77250,77251,77275,77289,77293,77303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77254,63],{"class":62},[56,77256,67],{"class":66},[56,77258,71],{"class":70},[56,77260,444],{"class":74},[56,77262,78],{"class":70},[56,77264,449],{"class":74},[56,77266,78],{"class":70},[56,77268,454],{"class":74},[56,77270,78],{"class":70},[56,77272,459],{"class":74},[56,77274,89],{"class":70},[56,77276,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77278,75578],{"class":62},[56,77280,67],{"class":66},[56,77282,850],{"class":62},[56,77284,75454],{"class":70},[56,77286,1097],{"class":74},[56,77288,89],{"class":70},[56,77290,77291],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77292,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,77294,77295,77297,77299,77301],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,77296,112],{"class":111},[56,77298,115],{"class":70},[56,77300,75601],{"class":101},[56,77302,238],{"class":70},[56,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,77306,112],{"class":111},[56,77308,115],{"class":70},[56,77310,95],{"class":101},[56,77312,238],{"class":70},[20,77314,241],{},[47,77316,77318],{"className":49,"code":77317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77319,77320,77332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77321,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77323,251],{"class":70},[56,77325,444],{"class":74},[56,77327,78],{"class":70},[56,77329,449],{"class":74},[56,77331,89],{"class":70},[56,77333,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77335,251],{"class":70},[56,77337,444],{"class":74},[56,77339,78],{"class":70},[56,77341,449],{"class":74},[56,77343,78],{"class":70},[56,77345,454],{"class":74},[56,77347,78],{"class":70},[56,77349,459],{"class":74},[56,77351,89],{"class":70},[20,77353,77354],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1030,77356,77358,77359,1450,77361],{"id":77357},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77360,75980],{},[15,77362,24],{},[47,77364,77366],{"className":49,"code":77365,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77367,77368,77388,77392,77409,77420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77369,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77371,63],{"class":62},[56,77373,67],{"class":66},[56,77375,71],{"class":70},[56,77377,444],{"class":74},[56,77379,78],{"class":70},[56,77381,449],{"class":74},[56,77383,78],{"class":70},[56,77385,454],{"class":74},[56,77387,89],{"class":70},[56,77389,77390],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77391,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,77393,77394,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77395,77396],{"class":62},"reversed_copy ",[56,77398,67],{"class":66},[56,77400,850],{"class":62},[56,77402,706],{"class":70},[56,77404,709],{"class":66},[56,77406,75],{"class":74},[56,77408,89],{"class":70},[56,77410,77411,77413,77415,77418],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,77412,112],{"class":111},[56,77414,115],{"class":70},[56,77416,77417],{"class":101},"reversed_copy",[56,77419,238],{"class":70},[56,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,77423,112],{"class":111},[56,77425,115],{"class":70},[56,77427,95],{"class":101},[56,77429,238],{"class":70},[20,77431,241],{},[47,77433,77435],{"className":49,"code":77434,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77436,77437,77453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77438,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77440,251],{"class":70},[56,77442,36920],{"class":74},[56,77444,78],{"class":70},[56,77446,449],{"class":74},[56,77448,78],{"class":70},[56,77450,508],{"class":74},[56,77452,89],{"class":70},[56,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77456,251],{"class":70},[56,77458,444],{"class":74},[56,77460,78],{"class":70},[56,77462,449],{"class":74},[56,77464,78],{"class":70},[56,77466,454],{"class":74},[56,77468,89],{"class":70},[20,77470,77471,77474],{},[15,77472,77473],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77476,77477,77478,77481],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77479,77480],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1030,77483,77485],{"id":77484},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77487,77488],{},"This is not allowed:",[47,77490,77492],{"className":49,"code":77491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77493,77494,77514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77497,63],{"class":62},[56,77499,67],{"class":66},[56,77501,71],{"class":70},[56,77503,444],{"class":74},[56,77505,78],{"class":70},[56,77507,449],{"class":74},[56,77509,78],{"class":70},[56,77511,454],{"class":74},[56,77513,89],{"class":70},[56,77515,77516],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77517,77518],{"class":123},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77520,77521,77522,98],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77523,40784],{},[42,77525,77527],{"id":77526},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77529,77530],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[143,77532,77533,77540,77546,77549,77552],{},[146,77534,1447,77535,4480,77537,77539],{},[15,77536,36154],{},[15,77538,75345],{}," positions",[146,77541,77542,77543,77545],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77544,75345],{}," index is included",[146,77547,77548],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[146,77550,77551],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[146,77553,77554],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77556,77557],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[47,77559,77561],{"className":49,"code":77560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77562,77563,77573,77587,77605,77619,77636],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77564,77565,77567,77569,77571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77566,112],{"class":111},[56,77568,115],{"class":70},[56,77570,302],{"class":101},[56,77572,238],{"class":70},[56,77574,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77576,112],{"class":111},[56,77578,115],{"class":70},[56,77580,11250],{"class":111},[56,77582,115],{"class":70},[56,77584,302],{"class":101},[56,77586,1553],{"class":70},[56,77588,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77590,112],{"class":111},[56,77592,115],{"class":70},[56,77594,302],{"class":101},[56,77596,251],{"class":70},[56,77598,75],{"class":74},[56,77600,141],{"class":70},[56,77602,2602],{"class":74},[56,77604,1607],{"class":70},[56,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,77608,112],{"class":111},[56,77610,115],{"class":70},[56,77612,302],{"class":101},[56,77614,75454],{"class":70},[56,77616,901],{"class":74},[56,77618,1607],{"class":70},[56,77620,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,77622,112],{"class":111},[56,77624,115],{"class":70},[56,77626,302],{"class":101},[56,77628,251],{"class":70},[56,77630,709],{"class":66},[56,77632,901],{"class":74},[56,77634,77635],{"class":70},":])\n",[56,77637,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,77639,112],{"class":111},[56,77641,115],{"class":70},[56,77643,302],{"class":101},[56,77645,706],{"class":70},[56,77647,709],{"class":66},[56,77649,75],{"class":74},[56,77651,1607],{"class":70},[20,77653,1441,77654,77656,77657,77661],{},[15,77655,42440],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[36,77658,77660],{"href":77659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[42,77663,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,77665,77667],{"id":77666},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77669,77670],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1030,77672,77674],{"id":77673},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77676,77677],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1030,77679,5230,77681,40040],{"id":77680},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77682,75980],{},[20,77684,77685],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1030,77687,77689,77690,1911],{"id":77688},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77691,70805],{},[20,77693,77694],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[42,77696,1996],{"id":1995},[143,77698,77699,77704,77709,77713,77717,77721],{},[146,77700,77701],{},[36,77702,77703],{"href":51060},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[146,77705,77706],{},[36,77707,77708],{"href":57228},"How to create a list in Python",[146,77710,77711],{},[36,77712,15044],{"href":57294},[146,77714,77715],{},[36,77716,1414],{"href":1413},[146,77718,77719],{},[36,77720,77660],{"href":77659},[146,77722,77723],{},[36,77724,69333],{"href":69332},[20,77726,77727,77728,77730],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77729,42440],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2028,77732,77733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":77735},[77736,77737,77738,77739,77740,77741,77744,77748,77756,77757,77765],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":75509,"depth":92,"text":75510},{"id":75672,"depth":92,"text":75673},{"id":75934,"depth":92,"text":75935},{"id":76228,"depth":92,"text":76229},{"id":76474,"depth":92,"text":76475,"children":77742},[77743],{"id":76732,"depth":108,"text":76733},{"id":76786,"depth":92,"text":76787,"children":77745},[77746,77747],{"id":76793,"depth":108,"text":76794},{"id":76854,"depth":108,"text":76855},{"id":77061,"depth":92,"text":15256,"children":77749},[77750,77751,77752,77753,77755],{"id":77090,"depth":108,"text":77091},{"id":77179,"depth":108,"text":77180},{"id":77241,"depth":108,"text":77242},{"id":77357,"depth":108,"text":77754},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77484,"depth":108,"text":77485},{"id":77526,"depth":92,"text":77527},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":77758},[77759,77760,77761,77763],{"id":77666,"depth":108,"text":77667},{"id":77673,"depth":108,"text":77674},{"id":77680,"depth":108,"text":77762},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77688,"depth":108,"text":77764},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75332,"description":77766},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77773,"title":77774,"body":77775,"description":79844,"extension":2062,"meta":79845,"navigation":600,"path":79846,"seo":79847,"stem":79848,"__hash__":79849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77776,"toc":79810},[77777,77782,77788,77794,77796,77843,77850,77855,77859,77874,77877,77930,77932,77957,77962,77964,77996,77999,78015,78017,78078,78080,78105,78109,78114,78167,78169,78194,78199,78260,78262,78287,78290,78297,78301,78304,78365,78367,78400,78403,78464,78466,78499,78505,78578,78580,78612,78619,78624,78629,78631,78643,78646,78724,78726,78767,78770,78844,78846,78879,78884,78891,78898,78902,78911,78915,78923,78925,78992,78994,79030,79035,79046,79048,79053,79058,79060,79123,79125,79150,79157,79162,79166,79169,79209,79214,79220,79225,79227,79254,79259,79262,79309,79311,79368,79375,79380,79386,79455,79459,79462,79525,79527,79560,79565,79567,79570,79651,79653,79677,79683,79685,79690,79694,79701,79709,79713,79715,79738,79742,79744,79771,79774,79781,79784,79786,79807],[10,77778,13,77780,18],{"id":77779},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77781,1383],{},[20,77783,77784,77787],{},[15,77785,77786],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77789,77790,77791,77793],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77792,1383],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[42,77795,2104],{"id":2103},[47,77797,77799],{"className":49,"code":77798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77800,77801,77821,77831],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77802,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77804,63],{"class":62},[56,77806,67],{"class":66},[56,77808,71],{"class":70},[56,77810,901],{"class":74},[56,77812,78],{"class":70},[56,77814,910],{"class":74},[56,77816,78],{"class":70},[56,77818,81],{"class":74},[56,77820,89],{"class":70},[56,77822,77823,77825,77827,77829],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77824,95],{"class":62},[56,77826,98],{"class":70},[56,77828,34879],{"class":101},[56,77830,105],{"class":70},[56,77832,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77834,112],{"class":111},[56,77836,115],{"class":70},[56,77838,95],{"class":101},[56,77840,120],{"class":70},[56,77842,55011],{"class":123},[20,77844,650,77845,77847,77848,98],{},[15,77846,77786],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77849,157],{},[42,77851,133,77853,136],{"id":77852},"what-listsort-does",[15,77854,77786],{},[20,77856,77857,141],{},[15,77858,77786],{},[143,77860,77861,77864,77867,77871],{},[146,77862,77863],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[146,77865,77866],{},"Changes the original list",[146,77868,154,77869],{},[15,77870,157],{},[146,77872,77873],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77875,77876],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[47,77878,77880],{"className":49,"code":77879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77881,77882,77906,77916,77920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77883,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77885,63],{"class":62},[56,77887,67],{"class":66},[56,77889,71],{"class":70},[56,77891,2235],{"class":74},[56,77893,78],{"class":70},[56,77895,81],{"class":74},[56,77897,78],{"class":70},[56,77899,54216],{"class":74},[56,77901,78],{"class":70},[56,77903,910],{"class":74},[56,77905,89],{"class":70},[56,77907,77908,77910,77912,77914],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,77909,95],{"class":62},[56,77911,98],{"class":70},[56,77913,34879],{"class":101},[56,77915,105],{"class":70},[56,77917,77918],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,77919,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,77921,77922,77924,77926,77928],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,77923,112],{"class":111},[56,77925,115],{"class":70},[56,77927,95],{"class":101},[56,77929,238],{"class":70},[20,77931,241],{},[47,77933,77935],{"className":49,"code":77934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77936,77937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77938,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77940,251],{"class":70},[56,77942,75],{"class":74},[56,77944,78],{"class":70},[56,77946,81],{"class":74},[56,77948,78],{"class":70},[56,77950,4693],{"class":74},[56,77952,78],{"class":70},[56,77954,54216],{"class":74},[56,77956,89],{"class":70},[20,77958,77959,77960,98],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[36,77961,67151],{"href":51060},[42,77963,289],{"id":288},[47,77965,77967],{"className":49,"code":77966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77968,77969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77970,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77990,77992,77994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77972,302],{"class":62},[56,77974,98],{"class":70},[56,77976,34879],{"class":101},[56,77978,115],{"class":70},[56,77980,14920],{"class":9263},[56,77982,67],{"class":66},[56,77984,157],{"class":893},[56,77986,78],{"class":70},[56,77988,77989],{"class":9263}," reverse",[56,77991,67],{"class":66},[56,77993,3764],{"class":893},[56,77995,238],{"class":70},[20,77997,77998],{},"Main arguments:",[143,78000,78001,78006,78012],{},[146,78002,78003,78005],{},[15,78004,14920],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[146,78007,78008,78011],{},[15,78009,78010],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[146,78013,78014],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78016,163],{},[47,78018,78020],{"className":49,"code":78019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78021,78022,78046,78064,78068],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78023,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78025,63],{"class":62},[56,78027,67],{"class":66},[56,78029,71],{"class":70},[56,78031,2602],{"class":74},[56,78033,78],{"class":70},[56,78035,910],{"class":74},[56,78037,78],{"class":70},[56,78039,6084],{"class":74},[56,78041,78],{"class":70},[56,78043,81],{"class":74},[56,78045,89],{"class":70},[56,78047,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78049,95],{"class":62},[56,78051,98],{"class":70},[56,78053,34879],{"class":101},[56,78055,115],{"class":70},[56,78057,102],{"class":9263},[56,78059,67],{"class":66},[56,78061,3698],{"class":893},[56,78063,238],{"class":70},[56,78065,78066],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78067,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78069,78070,78072,78074,78076],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78071,112],{"class":111},[56,78073,115],{"class":70},[56,78075,95],{"class":101},[56,78077,238],{"class":70},[20,78079,241],{},[47,78081,78083],{"className":49,"code":78082,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78084,78085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78086,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78088,251],{"class":70},[56,78090,2125],{"class":74},[56,78092,78],{"class":70},[56,78094,2554],{"class":74},[56,78096,78],{"class":70},[56,78098,81],{"class":74},[56,78100,78],{"class":70},[56,78102,910],{"class":74},[56,78104,89],{"class":70},[42,78106,78108],{"id":78107},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78110,650,78111,78113],{},[15,78112,1383],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[47,78115,78117],{"className":49,"code":78116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78118,78119,78143,78153,78157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78120,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78122,63],{"class":62},[56,78124,67],{"class":66},[56,78126,71],{"class":70},[56,78128,444],{"class":74},[56,78130,78],{"class":70},[56,78132,86],{"class":74},[56,78134,78],{"class":70},[56,78136,6450],{"class":74},[56,78138,78],{"class":70},[56,78140,910],{"class":74},[56,78142,89],{"class":70},[56,78144,78145,78147,78149,78151],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78146,95],{"class":62},[56,78148,98],{"class":70},[56,78150,34879],{"class":101},[56,78152,105],{"class":70},[56,78154,78155],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78156,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78158,78159,78161,78163,78165],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78160,112],{"class":111},[56,78162,115],{"class":70},[56,78164,95],{"class":101},[56,78166,238],{"class":70},[20,78168,241],{},[47,78170,78172],{"className":49,"code":78171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78173,78174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78175,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78177,251],{"class":70},[56,78179,75],{"class":74},[56,78181,78],{"class":70},[56,78183,86],{"class":74},[56,78185,78],{"class":70},[56,78187,6450],{"class":74},[56,78189,78],{"class":70},[56,78191,508],{"class":74},[56,78193,89],{"class":70},[20,78195,650,78196,78198],{},[15,78197,78010],{}," for descending order:",[47,78200,78202],{"className":49,"code":78201,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78203,78204,78228,78246,78250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78205,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78207,63],{"class":62},[56,78209,67],{"class":66},[56,78211,71],{"class":70},[56,78213,444],{"class":74},[56,78215,78],{"class":70},[56,78217,86],{"class":74},[56,78219,78],{"class":70},[56,78221,6450],{"class":74},[56,78223,78],{"class":70},[56,78225,910],{"class":74},[56,78227,89],{"class":70},[56,78229,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78231,95],{"class":62},[56,78233,98],{"class":70},[56,78235,34879],{"class":101},[56,78237,115],{"class":70},[56,78239,102],{"class":9263},[56,78241,67],{"class":66},[56,78243,3698],{"class":893},[56,78245,238],{"class":70},[56,78247,78248],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78249,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78251,78252,78254,78256,78258],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78253,112],{"class":111},[56,78255,115],{"class":70},[56,78257,95],{"class":101},[56,78259,238],{"class":70},[20,78261,241],{},[47,78263,78265],{"className":49,"code":78264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78266,78267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78270,251],{"class":70},[56,78272,444],{"class":74},[56,78274,78],{"class":70},[56,78276,6450],{"class":74},[56,78278,78],{"class":70},[56,78280,86],{"class":74},[56,78282,78],{"class":70},[56,78284,910],{"class":74},[56,78286,89],{"class":70},[20,78288,78289],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78291,78292,78293,98],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[36,78294,78296],{"href":78295},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[42,78298,78300],{"id":78299},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78302,78303],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[47,78305,78307],{"className":49,"code":78306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78308,78309,78341,78351,78355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78310,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78312,4159],{"class":62},[56,78314,67],{"class":66},[56,78316,71],{"class":70},[56,78318,181],{"class":180},[56,78320,571],{"class":184},[56,78322,181],{"class":180},[56,78324,78],{"class":70},[56,78326,191],{"class":180},[56,78328,562],{"class":184},[56,78330,181],{"class":180},[56,78332,78],{"class":70},[56,78334,191],{"class":180},[56,78336,580],{"class":184},[56,78338,181],{"class":180},[56,78340,89],{"class":70},[56,78342,78343,78345,78347,78349],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78344,4200],{"class":62},[56,78346,98],{"class":70},[56,78348,34879],{"class":101},[56,78350,105],{"class":70},[56,78352,78353],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78354,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78356,78357,78359,78361,78363],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78358,112],{"class":111},[56,78360,115],{"class":70},[56,78362,4200],{"class":101},[56,78364,238],{"class":70},[20,78366,241],{},[47,78368,78370],{"className":49,"code":78369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78371,78372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78375,251],{"class":70},[56,78377,254],{"class":180},[56,78379,562],{"class":184},[56,78381,254],{"class":180},[56,78383,78],{"class":70},[56,78385,263],{"class":180},[56,78387,571],{"class":184},[56,78389,254],{"class":180},[56,78391,78],{"class":70},[56,78393,263],{"class":180},[56,78395,580],{"class":184},[56,78397,254],{"class":180},[56,78399,89],{"class":70},[20,78401,78402],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[47,78404,78406],{"className":49,"code":78405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78407,78408,78440,78450,78454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78411,4159],{"class":62},[56,78413,67],{"class":66},[56,78415,71],{"class":70},[56,78417,181],{"class":180},[56,78419,571],{"class":184},[56,78421,181],{"class":180},[56,78423,78],{"class":70},[56,78425,191],{"class":180},[56,78427,57843],{"class":184},[56,78429,181],{"class":180},[56,78431,78],{"class":70},[56,78433,191],{"class":180},[56,78435,580],{"class":184},[56,78437,181],{"class":180},[56,78439,89],{"class":70},[56,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78443,4200],{"class":62},[56,78445,98],{"class":70},[56,78447,34879],{"class":101},[56,78449,105],{"class":70},[56,78451,78452],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78453,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78455,78456,78458,78460,78462],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78457,112],{"class":111},[56,78459,115],{"class":70},[56,78461,4200],{"class":101},[56,78463,238],{"class":70},[20,78465,241],{},[47,78467,78469],{"className":49,"code":78468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78470,78471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78472,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78474,251],{"class":70},[56,78476,254],{"class":180},[56,78478,57843],{"class":184},[56,78480,254],{"class":180},[56,78482,78],{"class":70},[56,78484,263],{"class":180},[56,78486,571],{"class":184},[56,78488,254],{"class":180},[56,78490,78],{"class":70},[56,78492,263],{"class":180},[56,78494,580],{"class":184},[56,78496,254],{"class":180},[56,78498,89],{"class":70},[20,78500,78501,78502,141],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78503,78504],{},"key=str.lower",[47,78506,78508],{"className":49,"code":78507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78509,78510,78542,78564,78568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78511,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78513,4159],{"class":62},[56,78515,67],{"class":66},[56,78517,71],{"class":70},[56,78519,181],{"class":180},[56,78521,571],{"class":184},[56,78523,181],{"class":180},[56,78525,78],{"class":70},[56,78527,191],{"class":180},[56,78529,57843],{"class":184},[56,78531,181],{"class":180},[56,78533,78],{"class":70},[56,78535,191],{"class":180},[56,78537,580],{"class":184},[56,78539,181],{"class":180},[56,78541,89],{"class":70},[56,78543,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78545,4200],{"class":62},[56,78547,98],{"class":70},[56,78549,34879],{"class":101},[56,78551,115],{"class":70},[56,78553,14920],{"class":9263},[56,78555,67],{"class":66},[56,78557,3538],{"class":1545},[56,78559,98],{"class":70},[56,78561,8728],{"class":24831},[56,78563,238],{"class":70},[56,78565,78566],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78567,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78569,78570,78572,78574,78576],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78571,112],{"class":111},[56,78573,115],{"class":70},[56,78575,4200],{"class":101},[56,78577,238],{"class":70},[20,78579,241],{},[47,78581,78582],{"className":49,"code":78468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,78583,78584],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78585,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78587,251],{"class":70},[56,78589,254],{"class":180},[56,78591,57843],{"class":184},[56,78593,254],{"class":180},[56,78595,78],{"class":70},[56,78597,263],{"class":180},[56,78599,571],{"class":184},[56,78601,254],{"class":180},[56,78603,78],{"class":70},[56,78605,263],{"class":180},[56,78607,580],{"class":184},[56,78609,254],{"class":180},[56,78611,89],{"class":70},[20,78613,78614,78615,78618],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78616,78617],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[42,78620,36691,78622,36694],{"id":78621},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78623,14920],{},[20,78625,2079,78626,78628],{},[15,78627,14920],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78630,7433],{},[143,78632,78633,78638],{},[146,78634,78635,78637],{},[15,78636,11250],{}," to sort by length",[146,78639,78640,78642],{},[15,78641,78617],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78644,78645],{},"Sort words by length:",[47,78647,78649],{"className":49,"code":78648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78650,78651,78692,78710,78714],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78652,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78654,4159],{"class":62},[56,78656,67],{"class":66},[56,78658,71],{"class":70},[56,78660,181],{"class":180},[56,78662,78663],{"class":184},"pear",[56,78665,181],{"class":180},[56,78667,78],{"class":70},[56,78669,191],{"class":180},[56,78671,571],{"class":184},[56,78673,181],{"class":180},[56,78675,78],{"class":70},[56,78677,191],{"class":180},[56,78679,38437],{"class":184},[56,78681,181],{"class":180},[56,78683,78],{"class":70},[56,78685,191],{"class":180},[56,78687,562],{"class":184},[56,78689,181],{"class":180},[56,78691,89],{"class":70},[56,78693,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78695,4200],{"class":62},[56,78697,98],{"class":70},[56,78699,34879],{"class":101},[56,78701,115],{"class":70},[56,78703,14920],{"class":9263},[56,78705,67],{"class":66},[56,78707,11250],{"class":111},[56,78709,238],{"class":70},[56,78711,78712],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78713,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78715,78716,78718,78720,78722],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78717,112],{"class":111},[56,78719,115],{"class":70},[56,78721,4200],{"class":101},[56,78723,238],{"class":70},[20,78725,241],{},[47,78727,78729],{"className":49,"code":78728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78730,78731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78732,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78734,251],{"class":70},[56,78736,254],{"class":180},[56,78738,38437],{"class":184},[56,78740,254],{"class":180},[56,78742,78],{"class":70},[56,78744,263],{"class":180},[56,78746,78663],{"class":184},[56,78748,254],{"class":180},[56,78750,78],{"class":70},[56,78752,263],{"class":180},[56,78754,562],{"class":184},[56,78756,254],{"class":180},[56,78758,78],{"class":70},[56,78760,263],{"class":180},[56,78762,571],{"class":184},[56,78764,254],{"class":180},[56,78766,89],{"class":70},[20,78768,78769],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[47,78771,78773],{"className":49,"code":78772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78774,78775,78808,78830,78834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78804,78806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78778,4159],{"class":62},[56,78780,67],{"class":66},[56,78782,71],{"class":70},[56,78784,181],{"class":180},[56,78786,5100],{"class":184},[56,78788,181],{"class":180},[56,78790,78],{"class":70},[56,78792,191],{"class":180},[56,78794,17883],{"class":184},[56,78796,181],{"class":180},[56,78798,78],{"class":70},[56,78800,191],{"class":180},[56,78802,78803],{"class":184},"Carol",[56,78805,181],{"class":180},[56,78807,89],{"class":70},[56,78809,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78811,4200],{"class":62},[56,78813,98],{"class":70},[56,78815,34879],{"class":101},[56,78817,115],{"class":70},[56,78819,14920],{"class":9263},[56,78821,67],{"class":66},[56,78823,3538],{"class":1545},[56,78825,98],{"class":70},[56,78827,8728],{"class":24831},[56,78829,238],{"class":70},[56,78831,78832],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78833,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78835,78836,78838,78840,78842],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78837,112],{"class":111},[56,78839,115],{"class":70},[56,78841,4200],{"class":101},[56,78843,238],{"class":70},[20,78845,241],{},[47,78847,78849],{"className":49,"code":78848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78850,78851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78852,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78854,251],{"class":70},[56,78856,254],{"class":180},[56,78858,17883],{"class":184},[56,78860,254],{"class":180},[56,78862,78],{"class":70},[56,78864,263],{"class":180},[56,78866,5100],{"class":184},[56,78868,254],{"class":180},[56,78870,78],{"class":70},[56,78872,263],{"class":180},[56,78874,78803],{"class":184},[56,78876,254],{"class":180},[56,78878,89],{"class":70},[20,78880,2079,78881,78883],{},[15,78882,14920],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[42,78885,78887,1021,78889],{"id":78886},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78888,77786],{},[15,78890,1024],{},[20,78892,78893,4480,78895,78897],{},[15,78894,77786],{},[15,78896,1024],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78899,78900,141],{},[15,78901,77786],{},[143,78903,78904,78907],{},[146,78905,78906],{},"Changes the existing list",[146,78908,154,78909],{},[15,78910,157],{},[20,78912,78913,141],{},[15,78914,1024],{},[143,78916,78917,78920],{},[146,78918,78919],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[146,78921,78922],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78924,163],{},[47,78926,78928],{"className":49,"code":78927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78929,78930,78950,78954,78968,78972,78982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78933,63],{"class":62},[56,78935,67],{"class":66},[56,78937,71],{"class":70},[56,78939,901],{"class":74},[56,78941,78],{"class":70},[56,78943,910],{"class":74},[56,78945,78],{"class":70},[56,78947,81],{"class":74},[56,78949,89],{"class":70},[56,78951,78952],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,78953,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78955,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,78957,845],{"class":62},[56,78959,67],{"class":66},[56,78961,1161],{"class":111},[56,78963,115],{"class":70},[56,78965,95],{"class":101},[56,78967,238],{"class":70},[56,78969,78970],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,78971,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,78975,112],{"class":111},[56,78977,115],{"class":70},[56,78979,95],{"class":101},[56,78981,238],{"class":70},[56,78983,78984,78986,78988,78990],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,78985,112],{"class":111},[56,78987,115],{"class":70},[56,78989,869],{"class":101},[56,78991,238],{"class":70},[20,78993,241],{},[47,78995,78996],{"className":49,"code":1197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,78997,78998,79014],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78999,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79001,251],{"class":70},[56,79003,901],{"class":74},[56,79005,78],{"class":70},[56,79007,910],{"class":74},[56,79009,78],{"class":70},[56,79011,81],{"class":74},[56,79013,89],{"class":70},[56,79015,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79017,251],{"class":70},[56,79019,75],{"class":74},[56,79021,78],{"class":70},[56,79023,81],{"class":74},[56,79025,78],{"class":70},[56,79027,86],{"class":74},[56,79029,89],{"class":70},[20,79031,650,79032,79034],{},[15,79033,1024],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79036,79037,79038,4480,79042,98],{},"You can learn more in ",[36,79039,2009,79040,5873],{"href":1123},[15,79041,1024],{},[36,79043,79045],{"href":79044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[42,79047,1418],{"id":1417},[20,79049,79050,79051,98],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79052,77786],{},[1030,79054,1429,79056],{"id":79055},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79057,1383],{},[20,79059,25772],{},[47,79061,79063],{"className":49,"code":79062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79064,79065,79085,79099,79103,79113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79066,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79068,63],{"class":62},[56,79070,67],{"class":66},[56,79072,71],{"class":70},[56,79074,901],{"class":74},[56,79076,78],{"class":70},[56,79078,910],{"class":74},[56,79080,78],{"class":70},[56,79082,81],{"class":74},[56,79084,89],{"class":70},[56,79086,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79088,1156],{"class":62},[56,79090,67],{"class":66},[56,79092,850],{"class":62},[56,79094,98],{"class":70},[56,79096,34879],{"class":101},[56,79098,105],{"class":70},[56,79100,79101],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79102,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,79104,79105,79107,79109,79111],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,79106,112],{"class":111},[56,79108,115],{"class":70},[56,79110,1190],{"class":101},[56,79112,238],{"class":70},[56,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,79116,112],{"class":111},[56,79118,115],{"class":70},[56,79120,95],{"class":101},[56,79122,238],{"class":70},[20,79124,241],{},[47,79126,79128],{"className":49,"code":79127,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79129,79130,79134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79131,79132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79133,894],{"class":893},[56,79135,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79137,251],{"class":70},[56,79139,75],{"class":74},[56,79141,78],{"class":70},[56,79143,81],{"class":74},[56,79145,78],{"class":70},[56,79147,86],{"class":74},[56,79149,89],{"class":70},[20,79151,79152,79154,79155,98],{},[15,79153,1383],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79156,157],{},[20,79158,79159,79160,6720],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79161,1024],{},[1030,79163,79165],{"id":79164},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79167,79168],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[47,79170,79172],{"className":49,"code":79171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79173,79174,79199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79191,79193,79195,79197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79177,7871],{"class":62},[56,79179,67],{"class":66},[56,79181,71],{"class":70},[56,79183,75],{"class":74},[56,79185,78],{"class":70},[56,79187,191],{"class":180},[56,79189,79190],{"class":184},"two",[56,79192,181],{"class":180},[56,79194,78],{"class":70},[56,79196,86],{"class":74},[56,79198,89],{"class":70},[56,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79202,7900],{"class":62},[56,79204,98],{"class":70},[56,79206,34879],{"class":101},[56,79208,105],{"class":70},[20,79210,3100,79211,79213],{},[15,79212,3103],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1030,79215,4792,79217,79219],{"id":79216},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79218,1383],{}," only works on lists",[20,79221,79222,79224],{},[15,79223,1383],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79226,16724],{},[47,79228,79230],{"className":49,"code":79229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79231,79232,79244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79233,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79235,1466],{"class":62},[56,79237,67],{"class":66},[56,79239,191],{"class":180},[56,79241,51],{"class":184},[56,79243,1476],{"class":180},[56,79245,79246,79248,79250,79252],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79247,1481],{"class":62},[56,79249,98],{"class":70},[56,79251,34879],{"class":101},[56,79253,105],{"class":70},[20,79255,79256,79257,1493],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79258,1383],{},[20,79260,79261],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[47,79263,79265],{"className":49,"code":79264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79266,79267,79285,79295,79299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79268,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281,79283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79270,173],{"class":62},[56,79272,67],{"class":66},[56,79274,1878],{"class":1545},[56,79276,115],{"class":70},[56,79278,181],{"class":180},[56,79280,51],{"class":184},[56,79282,181],{"class":180},[56,79284,238],{"class":70},[56,79286,79287,79289,79291,79293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79288,221],{"class":62},[56,79290,98],{"class":70},[56,79292,34879],{"class":101},[56,79294,105],{"class":70},[56,79296,79297],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79298,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,79300,79301,79303,79305,79307],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,79302,112],{"class":111},[56,79304,115],{"class":70},[56,79306,221],{"class":101},[56,79308,238],{"class":70},[20,79310,241],{},[47,79312,79314],{"className":49,"code":79313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79315,79316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79317,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79319,251],{"class":70},[56,79321,254],{"class":180},[56,79323,60514],{"class":184},[56,79325,254],{"class":180},[56,79327,78],{"class":70},[56,79329,263],{"class":180},[56,79331,75949],{"class":184},[56,79333,254],{"class":180},[56,79335,78],{"class":70},[56,79337,263],{"class":180},[56,79339,60549],{"class":184},[56,79341,254],{"class":180},[56,79343,78],{"class":70},[56,79345,263],{"class":180},[56,79347,20],{"class":184},[56,79349,254],{"class":180},[56,79351,78],{"class":70},[56,79353,263],{"class":180},[56,79355,63361],{"class":184},[56,79357,254],{"class":180},[56,79359,78],{"class":70},[56,79361,263],{"class":180},[56,79363,11831],{"class":184},[56,79365,254],{"class":180},[56,79367,89],{"class":70},[1030,79369,79371,79372,79374],{"id":79370},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79373,14920],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79376,79377,79378,98],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79379,14920],{},[20,79381,79382,79383,79385],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79384,1383],{}," will not do that:",[47,79387,79389],{"className":49,"code":79388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79390,79391,79423,79441,79445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79392,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79394,4159],{"class":62},[56,79396,67],{"class":66},[56,79398,71],{"class":70},[56,79400,181],{"class":180},[56,79402,571],{"class":184},[56,79404,181],{"class":180},[56,79406,78],{"class":70},[56,79408,191],{"class":180},[56,79410,38437],{"class":184},[56,79412,181],{"class":180},[56,79414,78],{"class":70},[56,79416,191],{"class":180},[56,79418,562],{"class":184},[56,79420,181],{"class":180},[56,79422,89],{"class":70},[56,79424,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79426,4200],{"class":62},[56,79428,98],{"class":70},[56,79430,34879],{"class":101},[56,79432,115],{"class":70},[56,79434,14920],{"class":9263},[56,79436,67],{"class":66},[56,79438,11250],{"class":111},[56,79440,238],{"class":70},[56,79442,79443],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79444,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,79448,112],{"class":111},[56,79450,115],{"class":70},[56,79452,4200],{"class":101},[56,79454,238],{"class":70},[1030,79456,79458],{"id":79457},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79460,79461],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[47,79463,79465],{"className":49,"code":79464,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79466,79467,79501,79511,79515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79468,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79497,79499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79470,4159],{"class":62},[56,79472,67],{"class":66},[56,79474,71],{"class":70},[56,79476,181],{"class":180},[56,79478,79479],{"class":184},"zebra",[56,79481,181],{"class":180},[56,79483,78],{"class":70},[56,79485,191],{"class":180},[56,79487,57843],{"class":184},[56,79489,181],{"class":180},[56,79491,78],{"class":70},[56,79493,191],{"class":180},[56,79495,79496],{"class":184},"monkey",[56,79498,181],{"class":180},[56,79500,89],{"class":70},[56,79502,79503,79505,79507,79509],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79504,4200],{"class":62},[56,79506,98],{"class":70},[56,79508,34879],{"class":101},[56,79510,105],{"class":70},[56,79512,79513],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79514,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,79516,79517,79519,79521,79523],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,79518,112],{"class":111},[56,79520,115],{"class":70},[56,79522,4200],{"class":101},[56,79524,238],{"class":70},[20,79526,241],{},[47,79528,79530],{"className":49,"code":79529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79531,79532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79533,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79535,251],{"class":70},[56,79537,254],{"class":180},[56,79539,57843],{"class":184},[56,79541,254],{"class":180},[56,79543,78],{"class":70},[56,79545,263],{"class":180},[56,79547,79496],{"class":184},[56,79549,254],{"class":180},[56,79551,78],{"class":70},[56,79553,263],{"class":180},[56,79555,79479],{"class":184},[56,79557,254],{"class":180},[56,79559,89],{"class":70},[20,79561,650,79562,79564],{},[15,79563,78504],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1030,79566,60786],{"id":60785},[20,79568,79569],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,79571,79573],{"className":49,"code":79572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79574,79575,79585,79599,79613,79627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79576,79577,79579,79581,79583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79578,112],{"class":111},[56,79580,115],{"class":70},[56,79582,302],{"class":101},[56,79584,238],{"class":70},[56,79586,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79588,112],{"class":111},[56,79590,115],{"class":70},[56,79592,1546],{"class":1545},[56,79594,115],{"class":70},[56,79596,302],{"class":101},[56,79598,1553],{"class":70},[56,79600,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79602,112],{"class":111},[56,79604,115],{"class":70},[56,79606,302],{"class":101},[56,79608,98],{"class":70},[56,79610,34879],{"class":101},[56,79612,7284],{"class":70},[56,79614,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,79616,112],{"class":111},[56,79618,115],{"class":70},[56,79620,1116],{"class":111},[56,79622,115],{"class":70},[56,79624,302],{"class":101},[56,79626,1553],{"class":70},[56,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,79630,112],{"class":111},[56,79632,3084],{"class":70},[56,79634,1546],{"class":1545},[56,79636,115],{"class":70},[56,79638,23391],{"class":101},[56,79640,120],{"class":70},[56,79642,3966],{"class":3965},[56,79644,6051],{"class":101},[56,79646,3972],{"class":3965},[56,79648,1567],{"class":101},[56,79650,1607],{"class":70},[20,79652,11259],{},[143,79654,79655,79658,79661,79668,79674],{},[146,79656,79657],{},"What values are in the list",[146,79659,79660],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[146,79662,79663,79664,2494,79666],{},"That ",[15,79665,1383],{},[15,79667,157],{},[146,79669,79670,79671,79673],{},"Whether ",[15,79672,1024],{}," works better for your case",[146,79675,79676],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79678,79679,79680,79682],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79681,3103],{}," problems.",[42,79684,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,79686,1892,79688,1895],{"id":79687},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79689,77786],{},[20,79691,1898,79692,98],{},[15,79693,157],{},[1030,79695,5268,79697,4480,79699,1911],{"id":79696},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79698,1383],{},[15,79700,1024],{},[20,79702,79703,79705,79706,79708],{},[15,79704,1383],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79707,1024],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1030,79710,79712],{"id":79711},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79714,18775],{},[47,79716,79718],{"className":49,"code":79717,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79719,79720],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79721,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79723,302],{"class":62},[56,79725,98],{"class":70},[56,79727,34879],{"class":101},[56,79729,115],{"class":70},[56,79731,102],{"class":9263},[56,79733,67],{"class":66},[56,79735,3698],{"class":893},[56,79737,238],{"class":70},[1030,79739,79741],{"id":79740},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79743,18775],{},[47,79745,79747],{"className":49,"code":79746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79748,79749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79750,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79752,302],{"class":62},[56,79754,98],{"class":70},[56,79756,34879],{"class":101},[56,79758,115],{"class":70},[56,79760,14920],{"class":9263},[56,79762,67],{"class":66},[56,79764,3538],{"class":1545},[56,79766,98],{"class":70},[56,79768,8728],{"class":24831},[56,79770,238],{"class":70},[20,79772,79773],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1030,79775,79777,79778,79780],{"id":79776},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79779,3103],{}," when sorting?",[20,79782,79783],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[42,79785,1996],{"id":1995},[143,79787,79788,79793,79799,79803],{},[146,79789,79790],{},[36,79791,79792],{"href":78295},"How to sort a list in Python",[146,79794,79795],{},[36,79796,2009,79797,5873],{"href":1123},[15,79798,1024],{},[146,79800,79801],{},[36,79802,67151],{"href":51060},[146,79804,79805],{},[36,79806,79045],{"href":79044},[2028,79808,79809],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":79811},[79812,79813,79815,79816,79817,79818,79820,79822,79833,79843],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":77852,"depth":92,"text":79814},"What list.sort() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":78107,"depth":92,"text":78108},{"id":78299,"depth":92,"text":78300},{"id":78621,"depth":92,"text":79819},"Using the key argument",{"id":78886,"depth":92,"text":79821},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":79823},[79824,79826,79827,79829,79831,79832],{"id":79055,"depth":108,"text":79825},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79164,"depth":108,"text":79165},{"id":79216,"depth":108,"text":79828},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79370,"depth":108,"text":79830},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79457,"depth":108,"text":79458},{"id":60785,"depth":108,"text":60786},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":79834},[79835,79837,79839,79840,79841],{"id":79687,"depth":108,"text":79836},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79696,"depth":108,"text":79838},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79711,"depth":108,"text":79712},{"id":79740,"depth":108,"text":79741},{"id":79776,"depth":108,"text":79842},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77774,"description":79844},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79851,"title":79852,"body":79853,"description":82484,"extension":2062,"meta":82485,"navigation":600,"path":82486,"seo":82487,"stem":82488,"__hash__":82489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79854,"toc":82443},[79855,79860,79865,79868,79879,79882,79902,79904,79966,79968,80009,80018,80023,80028,80034,80045,80047,80066,80069,80074,80079,80081,80086,80100,80102,80120,80123,80140,80143,80149,80172,80177,80179,80182,80243,80245,80278,80280,80319,80327,80337,80343,80348,80441,80443,80467,80469,80487,80490,80521,80527,80532,80535,80537,80662,80664,80688,80690,80709,80715,80721,80840,80842,80859,80866,80872,80877,80884,80890,80892,80949,80952,80973,80976,80979,81040,81042,81075,81079,81149,81151,81168,81172,81175,81250,81252,81289,81292,81295,81366,81368,81429,81434,81439,81442,81456,81458,81531,81533,81553,81556,81559,81616,81678,81681,81713,81716,81731,81736,81738,81744,81747,81803,81806,81808,81827,81831,81833,81877,81886,81888,81948,81952,81955,81957,82050,82052,82167,82171,82173,82247,82250,82253,82255,82260,82325,82327,82351,82361,82363,82369,82378,82387,82396,82402,82405,82409,82412,82414,82440],[10,79856,2009,79858,3673],{"id":79857},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79859,39796],{},[20,79861,3676,79862,79864],{},[15,79863,39796],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79866,79867],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[143,79869,79870,79873,79876],{},[146,79871,79872],{},"converting numbers to strings",[146,79874,79875],{},"changing strings to integers",[146,79877,79878],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79880,79881],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[143,79883,79884,79891,79897],{},[146,79885,79886,14132,79888,79890],{},[15,79887,39796],{},[540,79889,931],{}," return a list in Python 3",[146,79892,79893,79894],{},"it returns a ",[540,79895,79896],{},"map object",[146,79898,79899,79900],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79901,24862],{},[42,79903,2104],{"id":2103},[47,79905,79907],{"className":49,"code":79906,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79908,79909,79933,79952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79910,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79912,63],{"class":62},[56,79914,67],{"class":66},[56,79916,71],{"class":70},[56,79918,75],{"class":74},[56,79920,78],{"class":70},[56,79922,81],{"class":74},[56,79924,78],{"class":70},[56,79926,86],{"class":74},[56,79928,78],{"class":70},[56,79930,2554],{"class":74},[56,79932,89],{"class":70},[56,79934,79935,79937,79939,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,79936,1156],{"class":62},[56,79938,67],{"class":66},[56,79940,79941],{"class":111}," map",[56,79943,115],{"class":70},[56,79945,3538],{"class":1545},[56,79947,78],{"class":70},[56,79949,850],{"class":101},[56,79951,238],{"class":70},[56,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,79955,112],{"class":111},[56,79957,115],{"class":70},[56,79959,1644],{"class":1545},[56,79961,115],{"class":70},[56,79963,1190],{"class":101},[56,79965,1553],{"class":70},[20,79967,241],{},[47,79969,79971],{"className":49,"code":79970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79972,79973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79974,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79976,251],{"class":70},[56,79978,254],{"class":180},[56,79980,75],{"class":184},[56,79982,254],{"class":180},[56,79984,78],{"class":70},[56,79986,263],{"class":180},[56,79988,1097],{"class":184},[56,79990,254],{"class":180},[56,79992,78],{"class":70},[56,79994,263],{"class":180},[56,79996,901],{"class":184},[56,79998,254],{"class":180},[56,80000,78],{"class":70},[56,80002,263],{"class":180},[56,80004,2602],{"class":184},[56,80006,254],{"class":180},[56,80008,89],{"class":70},[20,80010,650,80011,80014,80015,80017],{},[15,80012,80013],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80016,24862],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[42,80019,133,80021,136],{"id":80020},"what-map-does",[15,80022,39796],{},[20,80024,80025,80027],{},[15,80026,39796],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80029,80030,80031,80033],{},"An ",[540,80032,3810],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[143,80035,80036,80038,80040,80042],{},[146,80037,37980],{},[146,80039,37983],{},[146,80041,37986],{},[146,80043,80044],{},"a range object",[20,80046,30807],{},[47,80048,80050],{"className":49,"code":80049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80051,80052],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80053,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80055,39939],{"class":111},[56,80057,115],{"class":70},[56,80059,37939],{"class":101},[56,80061,78],{"class":70},[56,80063,37944],{"class":101},[56,80065,238],{"class":70},[20,80067,80068],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80070,80071,80072,33824],{},"Important: the result is a ",[540,80073,79896],{},[20,80075,80076,80077,98],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[36,80078,5224],{"href":5223},[42,80080,289],{"id":288},[20,80082,80083,80085],{},[15,80084,39796],{}," needs at least two parts:",[143,80087,80088,80094],{},[146,80089,80090,80093],{},[540,80091,80092],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[146,80095,80096,80099],{},[540,80097,80098],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80101,3795],{},[47,80103,80104],{"className":49,"code":80049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,80105,80106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80107,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80109,39939],{"class":111},[56,80111,115],{"class":70},[56,80113,37939],{"class":101},[56,80115,78],{"class":70},[56,80117,37944],{"class":101},[56,80119,238],{"class":70},[20,80121,80122],{},"You can pass:",[143,80124,80125,80134,80137],{},[146,80126,80127,80128,2287,80130,2291,80132],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80129,3538],{},[15,80131,2286],{},[15,80133,2118],{},[146,80135,80136],{},"your own custom function",[146,80138,80139],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80141,80142],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80144,80145,80146,80148],{},"You will often see ",[15,80147,39796],{}," used like this:",[47,80150,80152],{"className":49,"code":80151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80153,80154],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80155,80156,80158,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80157,1644],{"class":1545},[56,80159,115],{"class":70},[56,80161,39939],{"class":111},[56,80163,115],{"class":70},[56,80165,37939],{"class":101},[56,80167,78],{"class":70},[56,80169,3975],{"class":101},[56,80171,1553],{"class":70},[20,80173,6766,80174,80176],{},[15,80175,24862],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[42,80178,425],{"id":424},[20,80180,80181],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[47,80183,80185],{"className":49,"code":80184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80186,80187,80207,80225,80229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80188,80189,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201,80203,80205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80190,63],{"class":62},[56,80192,67],{"class":66},[56,80194,71],{"class":70},[56,80196,444],{"class":74},[56,80198,78],{"class":70},[56,80200,449],{"class":74},[56,80202,78],{"class":70},[56,80204,454],{"class":74},[56,80206,89],{"class":70},[56,80208,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,80210,1156],{"class":62},[56,80212,67],{"class":66},[56,80214,79941],{"class":111},[56,80216,115],{"class":70},[56,80218,3538],{"class":1545},[56,80220,78],{"class":70},[56,80222,850],{"class":101},[56,80224,238],{"class":70},[56,80226,80227],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,80228,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80230,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,80232,112],{"class":111},[56,80234,115],{"class":70},[56,80236,1644],{"class":1545},[56,80238,115],{"class":70},[56,80240,1190],{"class":101},[56,80242,1553],{"class":70},[20,80244,241],{},[47,80246,80248],{"className":49,"code":80247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80249,80250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80251,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80253,251],{"class":70},[56,80255,254],{"class":180},[56,80257,444],{"class":184},[56,80259,254],{"class":180},[56,80261,78],{"class":70},[56,80263,263],{"class":180},[56,80265,15834],{"class":184},[56,80267,254],{"class":180},[56,80269,78],{"class":70},[56,80271,263],{"class":180},[56,80273,36920],{"class":184},[56,80275,254],{"class":180},[56,80277,89],{"class":70},[20,80279,513],{},[143,80281,80282,80287,80295,80303,80311],{},[146,80283,80284,80286],{},[15,80285,95],{}," contains integers",[146,80288,80289,80292,80293],{},[15,80290,80291],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80294,47764],{},[146,80296,80297,938,80300],{},[15,80298,80299],{},"str(10)",[15,80301,80302],{},"'10'",[146,80304,80305,938,80308],{},[15,80306,80307],{},"str(20)",[15,80309,80310],{},"'20'",[146,80312,80313,938,80316],{},[15,80314,80315],{},"str(30)",[15,80317,80318],{},"'30'",[20,80320,935,80321,80323,80324,80326],{},[15,80322,39796],{}," applies ",[15,80325,47764],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80328,80329,80330,80332,80333,98],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80331,24862],{}," better, see ",[36,80334,2009,80335,2012],{"href":64921},[15,80336,24862],{},[42,80338,1441,80340,80342],{"id":80339},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80341,39796],{}," with your own function",[20,80344,15794,80345,80347],{},[15,80346,39796],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[47,80349,80351],{"className":49,"code":80350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80352,80353,80366,80376,80380,80404,80423,80427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80354,80355,80357,80360,80362,80364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80356,34931],{"class":1638},[56,80358,80359],{"class":34934}," double",[56,80361,115],{"class":70},[56,80363,2271],{"class":37741},[56,80365,8431],{"class":70},[56,80367,80368,80370,80372,80374],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,80369,34942],{"class":3965},[56,80371,3969],{"class":62},[56,80373,39952],{"class":66},[56,80375,45670],{"class":74},[56,80377,80378],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,80379,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80381,80382,80384,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,80383,63],{"class":62},[56,80385,67],{"class":66},[56,80387,71],{"class":70},[56,80389,75],{"class":74},[56,80391,78],{"class":70},[56,80393,81],{"class":74},[56,80395,78],{"class":70},[56,80397,86],{"class":74},[56,80399,78],{"class":70},[56,80401,2554],{"class":74},[56,80403,89],{"class":70},[56,80405,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80417,80419,80421],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,80407,1156],{"class":62},[56,80409,67],{"class":66},[56,80411,79941],{"class":111},[56,80413,115],{"class":70},[56,80415,80416],{"class":101},"double",[56,80418,78],{"class":70},[56,80420,850],{"class":101},[56,80422,238],{"class":70},[56,80424,80425],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,80426,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80428,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,80430,112],{"class":111},[56,80432,115],{"class":70},[56,80434,1644],{"class":1545},[56,80436,115],{"class":70},[56,80438,1190],{"class":101},[56,80440,1553],{"class":70},[20,80442,241],{},[47,80444,80445],{"className":49,"code":39965,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,80446,80447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80448,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80450,251],{"class":70},[56,80452,1097],{"class":74},[56,80454,78],{"class":70},[56,80456,2554],{"class":74},[56,80458,78],{"class":70},[56,80460,37722],{"class":74},[56,80462,78],{"class":70},[56,80464,6450],{"class":74},[56,80466,89],{"class":70},[20,80468,65658],{},[143,80470,80471,80478,80484],{},[146,80472,80473,80475,80476],{},[15,80474,39796],{}," takes the function ",[15,80477,80416],{},[146,80479,80480,80481,80483],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80482,95],{}," into that function",[146,80485,80486],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80488,80489],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[143,80491,80492,80499,80506,80514],{},[146,80493,80494,6162,80497],{},[15,80495,80496],{},"double(1)",[15,80498,1097],{},[146,80500,80501,6162,80504],{},[15,80502,80503],{},"double(2)",[15,80505,2602],{},[146,80507,80508,6162,80511],{},[15,80509,80510],{},"double(3)",[15,80512,80513],{},"6",[146,80515,80516,6162,80519],{},[15,80517,80518],{},"double(4)",[15,80520,2442],{},[42,80522,1441,80524,80526],{"id":80523},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80525,39796],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80528,80529,80531],{},[15,80530,39796],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80533,80534],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80536,163],{},[47,80538,80540],{"className":49,"code":80539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80541,80542,80559,80569,80573,80594,80615,80619,80644,80648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80543,80544,80546,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80545,34931],{"class":1638},[56,80547,80548],{"class":34934}," add_numbers",[56,80550,115],{"class":70},[56,80552,36],{"class":37741},[56,80554,78],{"class":70},[56,80556,2657],{"class":37741},[56,80558,8431],{"class":70},[56,80560,80561,80563,80565,80567],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,80562,34942],{"class":3965},[56,80564,44625],{"class":62},[56,80566,2159],{"class":66},[56,80568,36262],{"class":62},[56,80570,80571],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,80572,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80574,80575,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80588,80590,80592],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,80576,80577],{"class":62},"list1 ",[56,80579,67],{"class":66},[56,80581,71],{"class":70},[56,80583,75],{"class":74},[56,80585,78],{"class":70},[56,80587,81],{"class":74},[56,80589,78],{"class":70},[56,80591,86],{"class":74},[56,80593,89],{"class":70},[56,80595,80596,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,80597,80598],{"class":62},"list2 ",[56,80600,67],{"class":66},[56,80602,71],{"class":70},[56,80604,444],{"class":74},[56,80606,78],{"class":70},[56,80608,449],{"class":74},[56,80610,78],{"class":70},[56,80612,454],{"class":74},[56,80614,89],{"class":70},[56,80616,80617],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,80618,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80620,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80632,80634,80637,80639,80642],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,80622,1156],{"class":62},[56,80624,67],{"class":66},[56,80626,79941],{"class":111},[56,80628,115],{"class":70},[56,80630,80631],{"class":101},"add_numbers",[56,80633,78],{"class":70},[56,80635,80636],{"class":101}," list1",[56,80638,78],{"class":70},[56,80640,80641],{"class":101}," list2",[56,80643,238],{"class":70},[56,80645,80646],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,80647,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80649,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,80651,112],{"class":111},[56,80653,115],{"class":70},[56,80655,1644],{"class":1545},[56,80657,115],{"class":70},[56,80659,1190],{"class":101},[56,80661,1553],{"class":70},[20,80663,241],{},[47,80665,80667],{"className":49,"code":80666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80668,80669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80670,80671,80673,80676,80678,80681,80683,80686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80672,251],{"class":70},[56,80674,80675],{"class":74},"11",[56,80677,78],{"class":70},[56,80679,80680],{"class":74}," 22",[56,80682,78],{"class":70},[56,80684,80685],{"class":74}," 33",[56,80687,89],{"class":70},[20,80689,2276],{},[143,80691,80692,80698,80704],{},[146,80693,80694,80695],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80696,80697],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[146,80699,80700,80701],{},"then ",[15,80702,80703],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[146,80705,80700,80706],{},[15,80707,80708],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1030,80710,80712,80714],{"id":80711},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80713,39796],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80716,80717,80718,80720],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80719,39796],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[47,80722,80724],{"className":49,"code":80723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80725,80726,80742,80752,80756,80780,80796,80800,80822,80826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80727,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80729,34931],{"class":1638},[56,80731,80548],{"class":34934},[56,80733,115],{"class":70},[56,80735,36],{"class":37741},[56,80737,78],{"class":70},[56,80739,2657],{"class":37741},[56,80741,8431],{"class":70},[56,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,80745,34942],{"class":3965},[56,80747,44625],{"class":62},[56,80749,2159],{"class":66},[56,80751,36262],{"class":62},[56,80753,80754],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,80755,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80757,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,80759,80577],{"class":62},[56,80761,67],{"class":66},[56,80763,71],{"class":70},[56,80765,75],{"class":74},[56,80767,78],{"class":70},[56,80769,81],{"class":74},[56,80771,78],{"class":70},[56,80773,86],{"class":74},[56,80775,78],{"class":70},[56,80777,2554],{"class":74},[56,80779,89],{"class":70},[56,80781,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,80783,80598],{"class":62},[56,80785,67],{"class":66},[56,80787,71],{"class":70},[56,80789,444],{"class":74},[56,80791,78],{"class":70},[56,80793,449],{"class":74},[56,80795,89],{"class":70},[56,80797,80798],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,80799,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80801,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,80803,1156],{"class":62},[56,80805,67],{"class":66},[56,80807,79941],{"class":111},[56,80809,115],{"class":70},[56,80811,80631],{"class":101},[56,80813,78],{"class":70},[56,80815,80636],{"class":101},[56,80817,78],{"class":70},[56,80819,80641],{"class":101},[56,80821,238],{"class":70},[56,80823,80824],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,80825,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80827,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,80829,112],{"class":111},[56,80831,115],{"class":70},[56,80833,1644],{"class":1545},[56,80835,115],{"class":70},[56,80837,1190],{"class":101},[56,80839,1553],{"class":70},[20,80841,241],{},[47,80843,80845],{"className":49,"code":80844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80846,80847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80848,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80850,251],{"class":70},[56,80852,80675],{"class":74},[56,80854,78],{"class":70},[56,80856,80680],{"class":74},[56,80858,89],{"class":70},[20,80860,80861,80862,80865],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80863,80864],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[42,80867,80869,80871],{"id":80868},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80870,39796],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80873,38102,80874,80876],{},[15,80875,39796],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80878,80879,80880,80883],{},"This object is ",[540,80881,80882],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1030,80885,2586,80887,80889],{"id":80886},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80888,33110],{}," looks strange",[20,80891,33725],{},[47,80893,80895],{"className":49,"code":80894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80896,80897,80917,80935,80939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80898,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80900,63],{"class":62},[56,80902,67],{"class":66},[56,80904,71],{"class":70},[56,80906,75],{"class":74},[56,80908,78],{"class":70},[56,80910,81],{"class":74},[56,80912,78],{"class":70},[56,80914,86],{"class":74},[56,80916,89],{"class":70},[56,80918,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,80920,1156],{"class":62},[56,80922,67],{"class":66},[56,80924,79941],{"class":111},[56,80926,115],{"class":70},[56,80928,3538],{"class":1545},[56,80930,78],{"class":70},[56,80932,850],{"class":101},[56,80934,238],{"class":70},[56,80936,80937],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,80938,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,80940,80941,80943,80945,80947],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,80942,112],{"class":111},[56,80944,115],{"class":70},[56,80946,1190],{"class":101},[56,80948,238],{"class":70},[20,80950,80951],{},"Output will look something like this:",[47,80953,80955],{"className":49,"code":80954,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80956,80957],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80958,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80960,1635],{"class":66},[56,80962,39939],{"class":111},[56,80964,24698],{"class":1545},[56,80966,37442],{"class":62},[56,80968,37446],{"class":37445},[56,80970,37449],{"class":34534},[56,80972,1649],{"class":66},[20,80974,80975],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80977,80978],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[47,80980,80982],{"className":49,"code":80981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80983,80984,81004,81022,81026],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80985,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80987,63],{"class":62},[56,80989,67],{"class":66},[56,80991,71],{"class":70},[56,80993,75],{"class":74},[56,80995,78],{"class":70},[56,80997,81],{"class":74},[56,80999,78],{"class":70},[56,81001,86],{"class":74},[56,81003,89],{"class":70},[56,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81007,1156],{"class":62},[56,81009,67],{"class":66},[56,81011,79941],{"class":111},[56,81013,115],{"class":70},[56,81015,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81017,78],{"class":70},[56,81019,850],{"class":101},[56,81021,238],{"class":70},[56,81023,81024],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81025,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81027,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81029,112],{"class":111},[56,81031,115],{"class":70},[56,81033,1644],{"class":1545},[56,81035,115],{"class":70},[56,81037,1190],{"class":101},[56,81039,1553],{"class":70},[20,81041,241],{},[47,81043,81045],{"className":49,"code":81044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81046,81047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81050,251],{"class":70},[56,81052,254],{"class":180},[56,81054,75],{"class":184},[56,81056,254],{"class":180},[56,81058,78],{"class":70},[56,81060,263],{"class":180},[56,81062,1097],{"class":184},[56,81064,254],{"class":180},[56,81066,78],{"class":70},[56,81068,263],{"class":180},[56,81070,901],{"class":184},[56,81072,254],{"class":180},[56,81074,89],{"class":70},[1030,81076,81078],{"id":81077},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[47,81080,81082],{"className":49,"code":81081,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81083,81084,81104,81122,81126,81139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81085,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81087,63],{"class":62},[56,81089,67],{"class":66},[56,81091,71],{"class":70},[56,81093,75],{"class":74},[56,81095,78],{"class":70},[56,81097,81],{"class":74},[56,81099,78],{"class":70},[56,81101,86],{"class":74},[56,81103,89],{"class":70},[56,81105,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81107,1156],{"class":62},[56,81109,67],{"class":66},[56,81111,79941],{"class":111},[56,81113,115],{"class":70},[56,81115,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81117,78],{"class":70},[56,81119,850],{"class":101},[56,81121,238],{"class":70},[56,81123,81124],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81125,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81127,81128,81130,81132,81134,81137],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81129,6048],{"class":3965},[56,81131,6051],{"class":62},[56,81133,3972],{"class":3965},[56,81135,81136],{"class":62}," result",[56,81138,6484],{"class":70},[56,81140,81141,81143,81145,81147],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,81142,8160],{"class":111},[56,81144,115],{"class":70},[56,81146,23391],{"class":101},[56,81148,238],{"class":70},[20,81150,241],{},[47,81152,81154],{"className":49,"code":81153,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81155,81156,81160,81164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81157,81158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81159,46997],{"class":74},[56,81161,81162],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81163,17137],{"class":74},[56,81165,81166],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81167,46697],{"class":74},[1030,81169,81171],{"id":81170},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81173,81174],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[47,81176,81178],{"className":49,"code":81177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81179,81180,81200,81218,81222,81236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81181,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81183,63],{"class":62},[56,81185,67],{"class":66},[56,81187,71],{"class":70},[56,81189,75],{"class":74},[56,81191,78],{"class":70},[56,81193,81],{"class":74},[56,81195,78],{"class":70},[56,81197,86],{"class":74},[56,81199,89],{"class":70},[56,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81203,1156],{"class":62},[56,81205,67],{"class":66},[56,81207,79941],{"class":111},[56,81209,115],{"class":70},[56,81211,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81213,78],{"class":70},[56,81215,850],{"class":101},[56,81217,238],{"class":70},[56,81219,81220],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81221,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81223,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81225,112],{"class":111},[56,81227,115],{"class":70},[56,81229,1644],{"class":1545},[56,81231,115],{"class":70},[56,81233,1190],{"class":101},[56,81235,1553],{"class":70},[56,81237,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,81239,112],{"class":111},[56,81241,115],{"class":70},[56,81243,1644],{"class":1545},[56,81245,115],{"class":70},[56,81247,1190],{"class":101},[56,81249,1553],{"class":70},[20,81251,241],{},[47,81253,81255],{"className":49,"code":81254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81256,81257,81285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81260,251],{"class":70},[56,81262,254],{"class":180},[56,81264,75],{"class":184},[56,81266,254],{"class":180},[56,81268,78],{"class":70},[56,81270,263],{"class":180},[56,81272,1097],{"class":184},[56,81274,254],{"class":180},[56,81276,78],{"class":70},[56,81278,263],{"class":180},[56,81280,901],{"class":184},[56,81282,254],{"class":180},[56,81284,89],{"class":70},[56,81286,81287],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81288,38376],{"class":70},[20,81290,81291],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81293,81294],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[47,81296,81298],{"className":49,"code":81297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81299,81300,81320,81342,81346,81356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81301,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81303,63],{"class":62},[56,81305,67],{"class":66},[56,81307,71],{"class":70},[56,81309,75],{"class":74},[56,81311,78],{"class":70},[56,81313,81],{"class":74},[56,81315,78],{"class":70},[56,81317,86],{"class":74},[56,81319,89],{"class":70},[56,81321,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81323,1156],{"class":62},[56,81325,67],{"class":66},[56,81327,1878],{"class":1545},[56,81329,115],{"class":70},[56,81331,39939],{"class":111},[56,81333,115],{"class":70},[56,81335,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81337,78],{"class":70},[56,81339,850],{"class":101},[56,81341,1553],{"class":70},[56,81343,81344],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81345,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81347,81348,81350,81352,81354],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81349,112],{"class":111},[56,81351,115],{"class":70},[56,81353,1190],{"class":101},[56,81355,238],{"class":70},[56,81357,81358,81360,81362,81364],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,81359,112],{"class":111},[56,81361,115],{"class":70},[56,81363,1190],{"class":101},[56,81365,238],{"class":70},[20,81367,241],{},[47,81369,81371],{"className":49,"code":81370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81372,81373,81401],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81374,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81376,251],{"class":70},[56,81378,254],{"class":180},[56,81380,75],{"class":184},[56,81382,254],{"class":180},[56,81384,78],{"class":70},[56,81386,263],{"class":180},[56,81388,1097],{"class":184},[56,81390,254],{"class":180},[56,81392,78],{"class":70},[56,81394,263],{"class":180},[56,81396,901],{"class":184},[56,81398,254],{"class":180},[56,81400,89],{"class":70},[56,81402,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81404,251],{"class":70},[56,81406,254],{"class":180},[56,81408,75],{"class":184},[56,81410,254],{"class":180},[56,81412,78],{"class":70},[56,81414,263],{"class":180},[56,81416,1097],{"class":184},[56,81418,254],{"class":180},[56,81420,78],{"class":70},[56,81422,263],{"class":180},[56,81424,901],{"class":184},[56,81426,254],{"class":180},[56,81428,89],{"class":70},[42,81430,1389,81432],{"id":81431},"when-to-use-map",[15,81433,39796],{},[20,81435,81436,81438],{},[15,81437,39796],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81440,81441],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[143,81443,81444,81448,81452],{},[146,81445,81446],{},[15,81447,3538],{},[146,81449,81450],{},[15,81451,2286],{},[146,81453,81454],{},[15,81455,2118],{},[20,81457,163],{},[47,81459,81461],{"className":49,"code":81460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81462,81463,81495,81517,81521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81464,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81466,3912],{"class":62},[56,81468,67],{"class":66},[56,81470,71],{"class":70},[56,81472,254],{"class":180},[56,81474,75],{"class":184},[56,81476,254],{"class":180},[56,81478,78],{"class":70},[56,81480,263],{"class":180},[56,81482,1097],{"class":184},[56,81484,254],{"class":180},[56,81486,78],{"class":70},[56,81488,263],{"class":180},[56,81490,901],{"class":184},[56,81492,254],{"class":180},[56,81494,89],{"class":70},[56,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81498,63],{"class":62},[56,81500,67],{"class":66},[56,81502,1878],{"class":1545},[56,81504,115],{"class":70},[56,81506,39939],{"class":111},[56,81508,115],{"class":70},[56,81510,2286],{"class":1545},[56,81512,78],{"class":70},[56,81514,3975],{"class":101},[56,81516,1553],{"class":70},[56,81518,81519],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81520,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81524,112],{"class":111},[56,81526,115],{"class":70},[56,81528,95],{"class":101},[56,81530,238],{"class":70},[20,81532,241],{},[47,81534,81535],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,81536,81537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81540,251],{"class":70},[56,81542,75],{"class":74},[56,81544,78],{"class":70},[56,81546,81],{"class":74},[56,81548,78],{"class":70},[56,81550,86],{"class":74},[56,81552,89],{"class":70},[20,81554,81555],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81557,81558],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[47,81560,81562],{"className":49,"code":81561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81563,81564,81584,81606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81565,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81567,63],{"class":62},[56,81569,67],{"class":66},[56,81571,71],{"class":70},[56,81573,75],{"class":74},[56,81575,78],{"class":70},[56,81577,81],{"class":74},[56,81579,78],{"class":70},[56,81581,86],{"class":74},[56,81583,89],{"class":70},[56,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81587,1156],{"class":62},[56,81589,67],{"class":66},[56,81591,1878],{"class":1545},[56,81593,115],{"class":70},[56,81595,39939],{"class":111},[56,81597,115],{"class":70},[56,81599,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81601,78],{"class":70},[56,81603,850],{"class":101},[56,81605,1553],{"class":70},[56,81607,81608,81610,81612,81614],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81609,112],{"class":111},[56,81611,115],{"class":70},[56,81613,1190],{"class":101},[56,81615,238],{"class":70},[47,81617,81619],{"className":49,"code":81618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81620,81621,81641,81668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81622,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81624,63],{"class":62},[56,81626,67],{"class":66},[56,81628,71],{"class":70},[56,81630,75],{"class":74},[56,81632,78],{"class":70},[56,81634,81],{"class":74},[56,81636,78],{"class":70},[56,81638,86],{"class":74},[56,81640,89],{"class":70},[56,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81662,81664,81666],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81644,1156],{"class":62},[56,81646,67],{"class":66},[56,81648,71],{"class":70},[56,81650,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81652,115],{"class":70},[56,81654,75949],{"class":101},[56,81656,120],{"class":70},[56,81658,3966],{"class":3965},[56,81660,81661],{"class":62}," n ",[56,81663,3972],{"class":3965},[56,81665,850],{"class":62},[56,81667,89],{"class":70},[56,81669,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81671,112],{"class":111},[56,81673,115],{"class":70},[56,81675,1190],{"class":101},[56,81677,238],{"class":70},[20,81679,81680],{},"Both produce:",[47,81682,81683],{"className":49,"code":81044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,81684,81685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81688,251],{"class":70},[56,81690,254],{"class":180},[56,81692,75],{"class":184},[56,81694,254],{"class":180},[56,81696,78],{"class":70},[56,81698,263],{"class":180},[56,81700,1097],{"class":184},[56,81702,254],{"class":180},[56,81704,78],{"class":70},[56,81706,263],{"class":180},[56,81708,901],{"class":184},[56,81710,254],{"class":180},[56,81712,89],{"class":70},[20,81714,81715],{},"A simple rule:",[143,81717,81718,81723,81728],{},[146,81719,40070,81720,81722],{},[15,81721,39796],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[146,81724,40076,81725,81727],{},[15,81726,6048],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[146,81729,81730],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81732,81733,81734,98],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[36,81735,4479],{"href":4478},[42,81737,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,81739,81741,81742],{"id":81740},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81743,24862],{},[20,81745,81746],{},"This is very common:",[47,81748,81749],{"className":49,"code":80894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,81750,81751,81771,81789,81793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81752,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81754,63],{"class":62},[56,81756,67],{"class":66},[56,81758,71],{"class":70},[56,81760,75],{"class":74},[56,81762,78],{"class":70},[56,81764,81],{"class":74},[56,81766,78],{"class":70},[56,81768,86],{"class":74},[56,81770,89],{"class":70},[56,81772,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81774,1156],{"class":62},[56,81776,67],{"class":66},[56,81778,79941],{"class":111},[56,81780,115],{"class":70},[56,81782,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81784,78],{"class":70},[56,81786,850],{"class":101},[56,81788,238],{"class":70},[56,81790,81791],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81792,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81794,81795,81797,81799,81801],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81796,112],{"class":111},[56,81798,115],{"class":70},[56,81800,1190],{"class":101},[56,81802,238],{"class":70},[20,81804,81805],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81807,39341],{},[47,81809,81811],{"className":49,"code":81810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81812,81813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81814,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81816,112],{"class":111},[56,81818,115],{"class":70},[56,81820,1644],{"class":1545},[56,81822,115],{"class":70},[56,81824,1190],{"class":101},[56,81826,1553],{"class":70},[1030,81828,81830],{"id":81829},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81832,16724],{},[47,81834,81836],{"className":49,"code":81835,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81837,81838,81858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81841,63],{"class":62},[56,81843,67],{"class":66},[56,81845,71],{"class":70},[56,81847,75],{"class":74},[56,81849,78],{"class":70},[56,81851,81],{"class":74},[56,81853,78],{"class":70},[56,81855,86],{"class":74},[56,81857,89],{"class":70},[56,81859,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81873,81875],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81861,1156],{"class":62},[56,81863,67],{"class":66},[56,81865,79941],{"class":111},[56,81867,115],{"class":70},[56,81869,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81871,81872],{"class":70},"(),",[56,81874,850],{"class":101},[56,81876,238],{"class":70},[20,81878,81879,81880,81882,81883,81885],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81881,47764],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81884,39796],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81887,16736],{},[47,81889,81890],{"className":49,"code":80981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,81891,81892,81912,81930,81934],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81893,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81895,63],{"class":62},[56,81897,67],{"class":66},[56,81899,71],{"class":70},[56,81901,75],{"class":74},[56,81903,78],{"class":70},[56,81905,81],{"class":74},[56,81907,78],{"class":70},[56,81909,86],{"class":74},[56,81911,89],{"class":70},[56,81913,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81915,1156],{"class":62},[56,81917,67],{"class":66},[56,81919,79941],{"class":111},[56,81921,115],{"class":70},[56,81923,3538],{"class":1545},[56,81925,78],{"class":70},[56,81927,850],{"class":101},[56,81929,238],{"class":70},[56,81931,81932],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81933,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81935,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81937,112],{"class":111},[56,81939,115],{"class":70},[56,81941,1644],{"class":1545},[56,81943,115],{"class":70},[56,81945,1190],{"class":101},[56,81947,1553],{"class":70},[1030,81949,81951],{"id":81950},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81953,81954],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81956,16724],{},[47,81958,81960],{"className":49,"code":81959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81961,81962,81979,81989,81993,82013,82032,82036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81963,81964,81966,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81965,34931],{"class":1638},[56,81967,81968],{"class":34934}," add",[56,81970,115],{"class":70},[56,81972,36],{"class":37741},[56,81974,78],{"class":70},[56,81976,2657],{"class":37741},[56,81978,8431],{"class":70},[56,81980,81981,81983,81985,81987],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,81982,34942],{"class":3965},[56,81984,44625],{"class":62},[56,81986,2159],{"class":66},[56,81988,36262],{"class":62},[56,81990,81991],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,81992,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,81994,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,81996,63],{"class":62},[56,81998,67],{"class":66},[56,82000,71],{"class":70},[56,82002,75],{"class":74},[56,82004,78],{"class":70},[56,82006,81],{"class":74},[56,82008,78],{"class":70},[56,82010,86],{"class":74},[56,82012,89],{"class":70},[56,82014,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82026,82028,82030],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82016,1156],{"class":62},[56,82018,67],{"class":66},[56,82020,79941],{"class":111},[56,82022,115],{"class":70},[56,82024,82025],{"class":101},"add",[56,82027,78],{"class":70},[56,82029,850],{"class":101},[56,82031,238],{"class":70},[56,82033,82034],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,82035,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82037,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,82039,112],{"class":111},[56,82041,115],{"class":70},[56,82043,1644],{"class":1545},[56,82045,115],{"class":70},[56,82047,1190],{"class":101},[56,82049,1553],{"class":70},[20,82051,16736],{},[47,82053,82055],{"className":49,"code":82054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82056,82057,82073,82083,82087,82107,82127,82149,82153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82058,82059,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82060,34931],{"class":1638},[56,82062,81968],{"class":34934},[56,82064,115],{"class":70},[56,82066,36],{"class":37741},[56,82068,78],{"class":70},[56,82070,2657],{"class":37741},[56,82072,8431],{"class":70},[56,82074,82075,82077,82079,82081],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82076,34942],{"class":3965},[56,82078,44625],{"class":62},[56,82080,2159],{"class":66},[56,82082,36262],{"class":62},[56,82084,82085],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82086,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82090,80577],{"class":62},[56,82092,67],{"class":66},[56,82094,71],{"class":70},[56,82096,75],{"class":74},[56,82098,78],{"class":70},[56,82100,81],{"class":74},[56,82102,78],{"class":70},[56,82104,86],{"class":74},[56,82106,89],{"class":70},[56,82108,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82110,80598],{"class":62},[56,82112,67],{"class":66},[56,82114,71],{"class":70},[56,82116,444],{"class":74},[56,82118,78],{"class":70},[56,82120,449],{"class":74},[56,82122,78],{"class":70},[56,82124,454],{"class":74},[56,82126,89],{"class":70},[56,82128,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,82130,1156],{"class":62},[56,82132,67],{"class":66},[56,82134,79941],{"class":111},[56,82136,115],{"class":70},[56,82138,82025],{"class":101},[56,82140,78],{"class":70},[56,82142,80636],{"class":101},[56,82144,78],{"class":70},[56,82146,80641],{"class":101},[56,82148,238],{"class":70},[56,82150,82151],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,82152,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,82156,112],{"class":111},[56,82158,115],{"class":70},[56,82160,1644],{"class":1545},[56,82162,115],{"class":70},[56,82164,1190],{"class":101},[56,82166,1553],{"class":70},[1030,82168,82170],{"id":82169},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82172,16724],{},[47,82174,82175],{"className":49,"code":81177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,82176,82177,82197,82215,82219,82233],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82178,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82180,63],{"class":62},[56,82182,67],{"class":66},[56,82184,71],{"class":70},[56,82186,75],{"class":74},[56,82188,78],{"class":70},[56,82190,81],{"class":74},[56,82192,78],{"class":70},[56,82194,86],{"class":74},[56,82196,89],{"class":70},[56,82198,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82200,1156],{"class":62},[56,82202,67],{"class":66},[56,82204,79941],{"class":111},[56,82206,115],{"class":70},[56,82208,3538],{"class":1545},[56,82210,78],{"class":70},[56,82212,850],{"class":101},[56,82214,238],{"class":70},[56,82216,82217],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82218,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82220,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82222,112],{"class":111},[56,82224,115],{"class":70},[56,82226,1644],{"class":1545},[56,82228,115],{"class":70},[56,82230,1190],{"class":101},[56,82232,1553],{"class":70},[56,82234,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82236,112],{"class":111},[56,82238,115],{"class":70},[56,82240,1644],{"class":1545},[56,82242,115],{"class":70},[56,82244,1190],{"class":101},[56,82246,1553],{"class":70},[20,82248,82249],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82251,82252],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[42,82254,67969],{"id":67968},[20,82256,8962,82257,82259],{},[15,82258,39796],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,82261,82263],{"className":49,"code":82262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82264,82265,82275,82289,82303,82315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82266,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82268,112],{"class":111},[56,82270,115],{"class":70},[56,82272,1190],{"class":101},[56,82274,238],{"class":70},[56,82276,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82278,112],{"class":111},[56,82280,115],{"class":70},[56,82282,1644],{"class":1545},[56,82284,115],{"class":70},[56,82286,1190],{"class":101},[56,82288,1553],{"class":70},[56,82290,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82292,112],{"class":111},[56,82294,115],{"class":70},[56,82296,1546],{"class":1545},[56,82298,115],{"class":70},[56,82300,1190],{"class":101},[56,82302,1553],{"class":70},[56,82304,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82306,6048],{"class":3965},[56,82308,6051],{"class":62},[56,82310,3972],{"class":3965},[56,82312,81136],{"class":62},[56,82314,6484],{"class":70},[56,82316,82317,82319,82321,82323],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82318,8160],{"class":111},[56,82320,115],{"class":70},[56,82322,23391],{"class":101},[56,82324,238],{"class":70},[20,82326,12754],{},[143,82328,82329,82334,82339,82345],{},[146,82330,82331,82333],{},[15,82332,33110],{}," shows that you have a map object",[146,82335,82336,82338],{},[15,82337,33118],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[146,82340,82341,82344],{},[15,82342,82343],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[146,82346,82347,82348,82350],{},"looping over ",[15,82349,1190],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82352,82353,82354,82357,82358,82360],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82355,82356],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82359,6048],{}," loop consume the map object.",[42,82362,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,82364,1892,82366,82368],{"id":82365},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82367,39796],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82370,82371,82372,82374,82375,24019],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82373,39796],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82376,82377],{},"list(map(...))",[1030,82379,14982,82381,82383,82384,82386],{"id":82380},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82382,39796],{}," better than a ",[15,82385,6048],{}," loop?",[20,82388,82389,82390,82392,82393,82395],{},"Not always. ",[15,82391,39796],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82394,6048],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1030,82397,5258,82399,82401],{"id":82398},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82400,39796],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82403,82404],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1030,82406,82408],{"id":82407},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82410,82411],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[42,82413,1996],{"id":1995},[143,82415,82416,82422,82428,82432,82436],{},[146,82417,82418],{},[36,82419,2009,82420,2012],{"href":40165},[15,82421,37654],{},[146,82423,82424],{},[36,82425,2009,82426,2012],{"href":64921},[15,82427,24862],{},[146,82429,82430],{},[36,82431,5310],{"href":5219},[146,82433,82434],{},[36,82435,5315],{"href":4478},[146,82437,82438],{},[36,82439,5305],{"href":5223},[2028,82441,82442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":82444},[82445,82446,82448,82449,82450,82452,82457,82464,82466,82473,82474,82483],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":80020,"depth":92,"text":82447},"What map() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":80339,"depth":92,"text":82451},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80523,"depth":92,"text":82453,"children":82454},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82455],{"id":80711,"depth":108,"text":82456},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80868,"depth":92,"text":82458,"children":82459},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82460,82462,82463],{"id":80886,"depth":108,"text":82461},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81077,"depth":108,"text":81078},{"id":81170,"depth":108,"text":81171},{"id":81431,"depth":92,"text":82465},"When to use map()",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":82467},[82468,82470,82471,82472],{"id":81740,"depth":108,"text":82469},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81829,"depth":108,"text":81830},{"id":81950,"depth":108,"text":81951},{"id":82169,"depth":108,"text":82170},{"id":67968,"depth":92,"text":67969},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":82475},[82476,82478,82480,82482],{"id":82365,"depth":108,"text":82477},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82380,"depth":108,"text":82479},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82398,"depth":108,"text":82481},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82407,"depth":108,"text":82408},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79852,"description":82484},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82491,"title":82492,"body":82493,"description":84513,"extension":2062,"meta":84514,"navigation":600,"path":84515,"seo":84516,"stem":84517,"__hash__":84518},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82494,"toc":84471},[82495,82501,82506,82509,82517,82520,82522,82646,82648,82666,82668,82688,82693,82697,82711,82714,82717,82719,82724,82836,82839,82857,82863,82866,82928,82930,82939,82942,82956,82958,83006,83008,83017,83027,83033,83036,83063,83065,83073,83076,83079,83149,83151,83159,83162,83167,83172,83223,83225,83233,83236,83238,83255,83257,83309,83312,83318,83322,83327,83330,83334,83393,83395,83404,83410,83419,83423,83486,83488,83496,83501,83505,83510,83590,83592,83601,83608,83613,83618,83621,83656,83658,83666,83669,83675,83677,83727,83729,83738,83741,83759,83761,83766,83772,83779,83806,83808,83831,83836,83871,83876,83882,83887,83930,83933,83936,83975,83982,83988,83993,84008,84012,84019,84022,84026,84031,84035,84040,84042,84103,84105,84134,84139,84146,84155,84157,84160,84185,84187,84290,84293,84311,84320,84322,84327,84330,84336,84339,84341,84351,84357,84361,84419,84426,84434,84436,84468],[10,82496,2009,82498,3673],{"id":82497},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82499,82500],{},"max()",[20,82502,9210,82503,82505],{},[15,82504,82500],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82507,82508],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[143,82510,82511,82514],{},[146,82512,82513],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[146,82515,82516],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82518,82519],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[42,82521,2104],{"id":2103},[47,82523,82525],{"className":49,"code":82524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82526,82527,82551,82566,82570,82596,82600,82632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82528,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82530,63],{"class":62},[56,82532,67],{"class":66},[56,82534,71],{"class":70},[56,82536,901],{"class":74},[56,82538,78],{"class":70},[56,82540,6450],{"class":74},[56,82542,78],{"class":70},[56,82544,81],{"class":74},[56,82546,78],{"class":70},[56,82548,4693],{"class":74},[56,82550,89],{"class":70},[56,82552,82553,82555,82557,82560,82562,82564],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82554,112],{"class":111},[56,82556,115],{"class":70},[56,82558,82559],{"class":111},"max",[56,82561,115],{"class":70},[56,82563,95],{"class":101},[56,82565,1553],{"class":70},[56,82567,82568],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82569,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82571,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82573,112],{"class":111},[56,82575,115],{"class":70},[56,82577,82559],{"class":111},[56,82579,115],{"class":70},[56,82581,901],{"class":74},[56,82583,78],{"class":70},[56,82585,6450],{"class":74},[56,82587,78],{"class":70},[56,82589,81],{"class":74},[56,82591,78],{"class":70},[56,82593,4693],{"class":74},[56,82595,1553],{"class":70},[56,82597,82598],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82599,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82601,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,82603,4159],{"class":62},[56,82605,67],{"class":66},[56,82607,71],{"class":70},[56,82609,181],{"class":180},[56,82611,562],{"class":184},[56,82613,181],{"class":180},[56,82615,78],{"class":70},[56,82617,191],{"class":180},[56,82619,571],{"class":184},[56,82621,181],{"class":180},[56,82623,78],{"class":70},[56,82625,191],{"class":180},[56,82627,78663],{"class":184},[56,82629,181],{"class":180},[56,82631,89],{"class":70},[56,82633,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,82635,112],{"class":111},[56,82637,115],{"class":70},[56,82639,82559],{"class":111},[56,82641,115],{"class":70},[56,82643,4200],{"class":101},[56,82645,1553],{"class":70},[20,82647,241],{},[47,82649,82651],{"className":49,"code":82650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82652,82653,82657,82661],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82654,82655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82656,2478],{"class":74},[56,82658,82659],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82660,2478],{"class":74},[56,82662,82663],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82664,82665],{"class":62},"pear\n",[20,82667,20037],{},[143,82669,82670,82676,82682],{},[146,82671,82672,82675],{},[15,82673,82674],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[146,82677,82678,82681],{},[15,82679,82680],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[146,82683,82684,82687],{},[15,82685,82686],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[42,82689,133,82691,136],{"id":82690},"what-max-does",[15,82692,82500],{},[20,82694,82695,141],{},[15,82696,82500],{},[143,82698,82699,82702,82705,82708],{},[146,82700,82701],{},"Returns the largest item",[146,82703,82704],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[146,82706,82707],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[146,82709,82710],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82712,82713],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82715,82716],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[42,82718,289],{"id":288},[20,82720,82721,82722,141],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82723,82500],{},[47,82725,82727],{"className":49,"code":82726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82728,82729,82739,82763,82785,82808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82730,82731,82733,82735,82737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82732,82559],{"class":111},[56,82734,115],{"class":70},[56,82736,3810],{"class":101},[56,82738,238],{"class":70},[56,82740,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82752,82754,82756,82758,82761],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82742,82559],{"class":111},[56,82744,115],{"class":70},[56,82746,3810],{"class":101},[56,82748,78],{"class":70},[56,82750,82751],{"class":66}," *",[56,82753,78],{"class":70},[56,82755,21660],{"class":9263},[56,82757,67],{"class":66},[56,82759,82760],{"class":101},"func",[56,82762,238],{"class":70},[56,82764,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82766,82559],{"class":111},[56,82768,115],{"class":70},[56,82770,3810],{"class":101},[56,82772,78],{"class":70},[56,82774,82751],{"class":66},[56,82776,78],{"class":70},[56,82778,26605],{"class":9263},[56,82780,67],{"class":66},[56,82782,2570],{"class":101},[56,82784,238],{"class":70},[56,82786,82787,82789,82791,82794,82796,82799,82801,82803,82806],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82788,82559],{"class":111},[56,82790,115],{"class":70},[56,82792,82793],{"class":101},"arg1",[56,82795,78],{"class":70},[56,82797,82798],{"class":101}," arg2",[56,82800,78],{"class":70},[56,82802,82751],{"class":66},[56,82804,82805],{"class":101},"args",[56,82807,238],{"class":70},[56,82809,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,82811,82559],{"class":111},[56,82813,115],{"class":70},[56,82815,82793],{"class":101},[56,82817,78],{"class":70},[56,82819,82798],{"class":101},[56,82821,78],{"class":70},[56,82823,82751],{"class":66},[56,82825,82805],{"class":101},[56,82827,78],{"class":70},[56,82829,21660],{"class":9263},[56,82831,67],{"class":66},[56,82833,82760],{"class":101},[56,82835,238],{"class":70},[20,82837,82838],{},"The most important parts are:",[143,82840,82841,82846,82851],{},[146,82842,82843,82845],{},[15,82844,3810],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[146,82847,82848,82850],{},[15,82849,14920],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[146,82852,82853,82856],{},[15,82854,82855],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[42,82858,1441,82860,82862],{"id":82859},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82861,82500],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82864,82865],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[47,82867,82869],{"className":49,"code":82868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82870,82871,82897,82913,82917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82872,82873,82875,82877,82879,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82874,5151],{"class":62},[56,82876,67],{"class":66},[56,82878,71],{"class":70},[56,82880,82881],{"class":74},"72",[56,82883,78],{"class":70},[56,82885,51591],{"class":74},[56,82887,78],{"class":70},[56,82889,13585],{"class":74},[56,82891,78],{"class":70},[56,82893,82894],{"class":74}," 66",[56,82896,89],{"class":70},[56,82898,82899,82902,82904,82907,82909,82911],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82900,82901],{"class":62},"highest_score ",[56,82903,67],{"class":66},[56,82905,82906],{"class":111}," max",[56,82908,115],{"class":70},[56,82910,16469],{"class":101},[56,82912,238],{"class":70},[56,82914,82915],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,82916,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,82918,82919,82921,82923,82926],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,82920,112],{"class":111},[56,82922,115],{"class":70},[56,82924,82925],{"class":101},"highest_score",[56,82927,238],{"class":70},[20,82929,241],{},[47,82931,82933],{"className":49,"code":82932,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"91\n",[15,82934,82935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82936,82937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82938,82932],{"class":74},[20,82940,82941],{},"This works well for:",[143,82943,82944,82947,82950,82953],{},[146,82945,82946],{},"Scores",[146,82948,82949],{},"Prices",[146,82951,82952],{},"Ages",[146,82954,82955],{},"Counts",[20,82957,52161],{},[47,82959,82961],{"className":49,"code":82960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82962,82963,82991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82964,82965,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82979,82981,82984,82986,82989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82966,82967],{"class":62},"prices ",[56,82969,67],{"class":66},[56,82971,71],{"class":70},[56,82973,40478],{"class":74},[56,82975,78],{"class":70},[56,82977,82978],{"class":74}," 5.50",[56,82980,78],{"class":70},[56,82982,82983],{"class":74}," 12.75",[56,82985,78],{"class":70},[56,82987,82988],{"class":74}," 29.00",[56,82990,89],{"class":70},[56,82992,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83004],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,82994,112],{"class":111},[56,82996,115],{"class":70},[56,82998,82559],{"class":111},[56,83000,115],{"class":70},[56,83002,83003],{"class":101},"prices",[56,83005,1553],{"class":70},[20,83007,241],{},[47,83009,83011],{"className":49,"code":83010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"29.0\n",[15,83012,83013],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83014,83015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83016,83010],{"class":74},[20,83018,83019,83020,83022,83023,98],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83021,82500],{}," is simpler than ",[36,83024,83025],{"href":1123},[15,83026,1024],{},[42,83028,1441,83030,83032],{"id":83029},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83031,82500],{}," with separate values",[20,83034,83035],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[47,83037,83039],{"className":49,"code":83038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83040,83041],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83042,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83044,112],{"class":111},[56,83046,115],{"class":70},[56,83048,82559],{"class":111},[56,83050,115],{"class":70},[56,83052,2602],{"class":74},[56,83054,78],{"class":70},[56,83056,31025],{"class":74},[56,83058,78],{"class":70},[56,83060,6084],{"class":74},[56,83062,1553],{"class":70},[20,83064,241],{},[47,83066,83067],{"className":49,"code":2323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83068,83069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83070,83071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83072,2323],{"class":74},[20,83074,83075],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83077,83078],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[47,83080,83082],{"className":49,"code":83081,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83083,83084,83093,83101,83111,83115,83138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83085,83086,83088,83090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83087,2652],{"class":62},[56,83089,67],{"class":66},[56,83091,83092],{"class":74}," 15\n",[56,83094,83095,83097,83099],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83096,2680],{"class":62},[56,83098,67],{"class":66},[56,83100,2867],{"class":74},[56,83102,83103,83106,83108],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,83104,83105],{"class":62},"c ",[56,83107,67],{"class":66},[56,83109,83110],{"class":74}," 27\n",[56,83112,83113],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,83114,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,83116,83117,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,83118,83119],{"class":62},"largest ",[56,83121,67],{"class":66},[56,83123,82906],{"class":111},[56,83125,115],{"class":70},[56,83127,36],{"class":101},[56,83129,78],{"class":70},[56,83131,2657],{"class":101},[56,83133,78],{"class":70},[56,83135,9770],{"class":101},[56,83137,238],{"class":70},[56,83139,83140,83142,83144,83147],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,83141,112],{"class":111},[56,83143,115],{"class":70},[56,83145,83146],{"class":101},"largest",[56,83148,238],{"class":70},[20,83150,241],{},[47,83152,83153],{"className":49,"code":46692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83154,83155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83156,83157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83158,46692],{"class":74},[20,83160,83161],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[42,83163,1441,83165,47139],{"id":83164},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83166,82500],{},[20,83168,83169,83171],{},[15,83170,82500],{}," can compare strings too.",[47,83173,83175],{"className":49,"code":83174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83176,83177,83209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83178,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83180,4159],{"class":62},[56,83182,67],{"class":66},[56,83184,71],{"class":70},[56,83186,181],{"class":180},[56,83188,562],{"class":184},[56,83190,181],{"class":180},[56,83192,78],{"class":70},[56,83194,191],{"class":180},[56,83196,571],{"class":184},[56,83198,181],{"class":180},[56,83200,78],{"class":70},[56,83202,191],{"class":180},[56,83204,78663],{"class":184},[56,83206,181],{"class":180},[56,83208,89],{"class":70},[56,83210,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83212,112],{"class":111},[56,83214,115],{"class":70},[56,83216,82559],{"class":111},[56,83218,115],{"class":70},[56,83220,4200],{"class":101},[56,83222,1553],{"class":70},[20,83224,241],{},[47,83226,83227],{"className":49,"code":82665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83228,83229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83230,83231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83232,82665],{"class":62},[20,83234,83235],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83237,68357],{},[143,83239,83240,83249,83252],{},[146,83241,83242,83245,83246,83248],{},[15,83243,83244],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83247,65348],{}," alphabetically",[146,83250,83251],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[146,83253,83254],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83256,163],{},[47,83258,83260],{"className":49,"code":83259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83261,83262,83295],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83263,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83265,4159],{"class":62},[56,83267,67],{"class":66},[56,83269,71],{"class":70},[56,83271,181],{"class":180},[56,83273,562],{"class":184},[56,83275,181],{"class":180},[56,83277,78],{"class":70},[56,83279,191],{"class":180},[56,83281,83282],{"class":184},"Banana",[56,83284,181],{"class":180},[56,83286,78],{"class":70},[56,83288,191],{"class":180},[56,83290,78663],{"class":184},[56,83292,181],{"class":180},[56,83294,89],{"class":70},[56,83296,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83298,112],{"class":111},[56,83300,115],{"class":70},[56,83302,82559],{"class":111},[56,83304,115],{"class":70},[56,83306,4200],{"class":101},[56,83308,1553],{"class":70},[20,83310,83311],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83313,83314,83315,83317],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83316,14920],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[42,83319,36691,83320,36694],{"id":78621},[15,83321,14920],{},[20,83323,2079,83324,83326],{},[15,83325,14920],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83328,83329],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1030,83331,83333],{"id":83332},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[47,83335,83337],{"className":49,"code":83336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83338,83339,83371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83340,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83342,4159],{"class":62},[56,83344,67],{"class":66},[56,83346,71],{"class":70},[56,83348,181],{"class":180},[56,83350,37126],{"class":184},[56,83352,181],{"class":180},[56,83354,78],{"class":70},[56,83356,191],{"class":180},[56,83358,68400],{"class":184},[56,83360,181],{"class":180},[56,83362,78],{"class":70},[56,83364,191],{"class":180},[56,83366,58202],{"class":184},[56,83368,181],{"class":180},[56,83370,89],{"class":70},[56,83372,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83374,112],{"class":111},[56,83376,115],{"class":70},[56,83378,82559],{"class":111},[56,83380,115],{"class":70},[56,83382,4200],{"class":101},[56,83384,78],{"class":70},[56,83386,21660],{"class":9263},[56,83388,67],{"class":66},[56,83390,11250],{"class":111},[56,83392,1553],{"class":70},[20,83394,241],{},[47,83396,83398],{"className":49,"code":83397,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"elephant\n",[15,83399,83400],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83401,83402],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83403,83397],{"class":62},[20,83405,20851,83406,83409],{},[15,83407,83408],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83411,83412,83413,33711,83415,98],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83414,42440],{},[36,83416,83417,5873],{"href":42437},[15,83418,42440],{},[1030,83420,83422],{"id":83421},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[47,83424,83426],{"className":49,"code":83425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83427,83428,83460],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83431,4159],{"class":62},[56,83433,67],{"class":66},[56,83435,71],{"class":70},[56,83437,181],{"class":180},[56,83439,562],{"class":184},[56,83441,181],{"class":180},[56,83443,78],{"class":70},[56,83445,191],{"class":180},[56,83447,83282],{"class":184},[56,83449,181],{"class":180},[56,83451,78],{"class":70},[56,83453,191],{"class":180},[56,83455,78663],{"class":184},[56,83457,181],{"class":180},[56,83459,89],{"class":70},[56,83461,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83463,112],{"class":111},[56,83465,115],{"class":70},[56,83467,82559],{"class":111},[56,83469,115],{"class":70},[56,83471,4200],{"class":101},[56,83473,78],{"class":70},[56,83475,21660],{"class":9263},[56,83477,67],{"class":66},[56,83479,3538],{"class":1545},[56,83481,98],{"class":70},[56,83483,8728],{"class":24831},[56,83485,1553],{"class":70},[20,83487,241],{},[47,83489,83490],{"className":49,"code":82665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83491,83492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83493,83494],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83495,82665],{"class":62},[20,83497,20851,83498,83500],{},[15,83499,78617],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1030,83502,83504],{"id":83503},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83506,83507,83508,141],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83509,37738],{},[47,83511,83513],{"className":49,"code":83512,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83514,83515,83558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83516,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83536,83538,83540,83542,83545,83547,83549,83551,83554,83556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83518,7871],{"class":62},[56,83520,67],{"class":66},[56,83522,71],{"class":70},[56,83524,181],{"class":180},[56,83526,36],{"class":184},[56,83528,181],{"class":180},[56,83530,78],{"class":70},[56,83532,191],{"class":180},[56,83534,83535],{"class":184},"bb",[56,83537,181],{"class":180},[56,83539,78],{"class":70},[56,83541,191],{"class":180},[56,83543,83544],{"class":184},"cccc",[56,83546,181],{"class":180},[56,83548,78],{"class":70},[56,83550,191],{"class":180},[56,83552,83553],{"class":184},"ddd",[56,83555,181],{"class":180},[56,83557,89],{"class":70},[56,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83561,112],{"class":111},[56,83563,115],{"class":70},[56,83565,82559],{"class":111},[56,83567,115],{"class":70},[56,83569,7900],{"class":101},[56,83571,78],{"class":70},[56,83573,21660],{"class":9263},[56,83575,67],{"class":66},[56,83577,37738],{"class":1638},[56,83579,42921],{"class":37741},[56,83581,141],{"class":70},[56,83583,38465],{"class":111},[56,83585,115],{"class":70},[56,83587,1481],{"class":101},[56,83589,3010],{"class":70},[20,83591,241],{},[47,83593,83595],{"className":49,"code":83594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cccc\n",[15,83596,83597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83598,83599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83600,83594],{"class":62},[20,83602,49631,83603,4480,83605,83607],{},[15,83604,83408],{},[15,83606,78504],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[42,83609,36691,83611,36694],{"id":83610},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83612,82855],{},[20,83614,2079,83615,83617],{},[15,83616,82855],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83619,83620],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[47,83622,83624],{"className":49,"code":83623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83625,83626,83634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83627,83628,83630,83632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83629,63],{"class":62},[56,83631,67],{"class":66},[56,83633,7929],{"class":70},[56,83635,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83637,112],{"class":111},[56,83639,115],{"class":70},[56,83641,82559],{"class":111},[56,83643,115],{"class":70},[56,83645,95],{"class":101},[56,83647,78],{"class":70},[56,83649,26605],{"class":9263},[56,83651,67],{"class":66},[56,83653,2218],{"class":74},[56,83655,1553],{"class":70},[20,83657,241],{},[47,83659,83660],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,83661,83662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83663,83664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83665,47332],{"class":74},[20,83667,83668],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83670,83671,83672,83674],{},"Without ",[15,83673,82855],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83676,52161],{},[47,83678,83680],{"className":49,"code":83679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83681,83682,83690,83717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83683,83684,83686,83688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83685,4159],{"class":62},[56,83687,67],{"class":66},[56,83689,7929],{"class":70},[56,83691,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83713,83715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83693,1156],{"class":62},[56,83695,67],{"class":66},[56,83697,82906],{"class":111},[56,83699,115],{"class":70},[56,83701,4200],{"class":101},[56,83703,78],{"class":70},[56,83705,26605],{"class":9263},[56,83707,67],{"class":66},[56,83709,181],{"class":180},[56,83711,83712],{"class":184},"no words found",[56,83714,181],{"class":180},[56,83716,238],{"class":70},[56,83718,83719,83721,83723,83725],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,83720,112],{"class":111},[56,83722,115],{"class":70},[56,83724,1190],{"class":101},[56,83726,238],{"class":70},[20,83728,241],{},[47,83730,83732],{"className":49,"code":83731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"no words found\n",[15,83733,83734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83735,83736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83737,83731],{"class":62},[20,83739,83740],{},"Important:",[143,83742,83743,83751],{},[146,83744,83745,83747,83748],{},[15,83746,82855],{}," works with ",[15,83749,83750],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[146,83752,928,83753,83755,83756],{},[540,83754,931],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83757,83758],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[42,83760,48067],{"id":48066},[20,83762,83763,83764,98],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83765,82500],{},[1030,83767,83769,83771],{"id":83768},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83770,40784],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83773,83774,83775,45989,83777,98],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83776,82855],{},[15,83778,40784],{},[47,83780,83782],{"className":49,"code":83781,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83783,83784,83792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83785,83786,83788,83790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83787,63],{"class":62},[56,83789,67],{"class":66},[56,83791,7929],{"class":70},[56,83793,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83795,112],{"class":111},[56,83797,115],{"class":70},[56,83799,82559],{"class":111},[56,83801,115],{"class":70},[56,83803,95],{"class":101},[56,83805,1553],{"class":70},[20,83807,29762],{},[47,83809,83811],{"className":49,"code":83810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83812,83813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83814,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83826,83828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83816,40784],{"class":1545},[56,83818,141],{"class":70},[56,83820,82906],{"class":111},[56,83822,7456],{"class":70},[56,83824,83825],{"class":62}," arg ",[56,83827,12277],{"class":66},[56,83829,83830],{"class":62}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83832,83833,83834,141],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83835,82855],{},[47,83837,83839],{"className":49,"code":83838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83840,83841,83849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83842,83843,83845,83847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83844,63],{"class":62},[56,83846,67],{"class":66},[56,83848,7929],{"class":70},[56,83850,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83852,112],{"class":111},[56,83854,115],{"class":70},[56,83856,82559],{"class":111},[56,83858,115],{"class":70},[56,83860,95],{"class":101},[56,83862,78],{"class":70},[56,83864,26605],{"class":9263},[56,83866,67],{"class":66},[56,83868,157],{"class":893},[56,83870,1553],{"class":70},[20,83872,83873,83874,98],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,83875,65913],{"href":72951},[1030,83877,83879,83881],{"id":83878},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83880,3103],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83883,83884,83885,98],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83886,3103],{},[47,83888,83890],{"className":49,"code":83889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83891,83892,83916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83893,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83895,7871],{"class":62},[56,83897,67],{"class":66},[56,83899,71],{"class":70},[56,83901,444],{"class":74},[56,83903,78],{"class":70},[56,83905,191],{"class":180},[56,83907,15834],{"class":184},[56,83909,181],{"class":180},[56,83911,78],{"class":70},[56,83913,454],{"class":74},[56,83915,89],{"class":70},[56,83917,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83919,112],{"class":111},[56,83921,115],{"class":70},[56,83923,82559],{"class":111},[56,83925,115],{"class":70},[56,83927,7900],{"class":101},[56,83929,1553],{"class":70},[20,83931,83932],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83934,83935],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[47,83937,83939],{"className":49,"code":83938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83940,83941,83961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83942,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83944,7871],{"class":62},[56,83946,67],{"class":66},[56,83948,71],{"class":70},[56,83950,444],{"class":74},[56,83952,78],{"class":70},[56,83954,449],{"class":74},[56,83956,78],{"class":70},[56,83958,454],{"class":74},[56,83960,89],{"class":70},[56,83962,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,83964,112],{"class":111},[56,83966,115],{"class":70},[56,83968,82559],{"class":111},[56,83970,115],{"class":70},[56,83972,7900],{"class":101},[56,83974,1553],{"class":70},[20,83976,83977,83978,98],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[36,83979,83981],{"href":83980},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1030,83983,83985,83987],{"id":83984},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83986,3103],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83989,83990,83992],{},[15,83991,82500],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[47,83994,83996],{"className":49,"code":83995,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max())\n",[15,83997,83998],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83999,84000,84002,84004,84006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84001,112],{"class":111},[56,84003,115],{"class":70},[56,84005,82559],{"class":111},[56,84007,7284],{"class":70},[20,84009,3100,84010,98],{},[15,84011,3103],{},[42,84013,84015,1021,84017],{"id":84014},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84016,82500],{},[15,84018,1024],{},[20,84020,84021],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84023,84024,141],{},[15,84025,82500],{},[143,84027,84028],{},[146,84029,84030],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84032,84033,141],{},[15,84034,1024],{},[143,84036,84037],{},[146,84038,84039],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84041,163],{},[47,84043,84045],{"className":49,"code":84044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84046,84047,84071,84075,84089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84048,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84050,63],{"class":62},[56,84052,67],{"class":66},[56,84054,71],{"class":70},[56,84056,901],{"class":74},[56,84058,78],{"class":70},[56,84060,6450],{"class":74},[56,84062,78],{"class":70},[56,84064,81],{"class":74},[56,84066,78],{"class":70},[56,84068,4693],{"class":74},[56,84070,89],{"class":70},[56,84072,84073],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84074,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,84076,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,84078,112],{"class":111},[56,84080,115],{"class":70},[56,84082,82559],{"class":111},[56,84084,115],{"class":70},[56,84086,95],{"class":101},[56,84088,1553],{"class":70},[56,84090,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,84092,112],{"class":111},[56,84094,115],{"class":70},[56,84096,1116],{"class":111},[56,84098,115],{"class":70},[56,84100,95],{"class":101},[56,84102,1553],{"class":70},[20,84104,241],{},[47,84106,84108],{"className":49,"code":84107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84109,84110,84114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84111,84112],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84113,2478],{"class":74},[56,84115,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84117,251],{"class":70},[56,84119,1097],{"class":74},[56,84121,78],{"class":70},[56,84123,86],{"class":74},[56,84125,78],{"class":70},[56,84127,4693],{"class":74},[56,84129,78],{"class":70},[56,84131,6450],{"class":74},[56,84133,89],{"class":70},[20,84135,650,84136,84138],{},[15,84137,82500],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84140,650,84141,84145],{},[36,84142,84143],{"href":1123},[15,84144,1024],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84147,84148,84149,98],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[36,84150,84152],{"href":84151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84153,84154],{},"min()",[42,84156,1418],{"id":1417},[20,84158,84159],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[143,84161,84162,84169,84172,84177,84180],{},[146,84163,29731,84164,84166,84167],{},[15,84165,82500],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84168,82855],{},[146,84170,84171],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[146,84173,1435,84174,84176],{},[15,84175,82500],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[146,84178,84179],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[146,84181,1441,84182,84184],{},[15,84183,82855],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84186,11201],{},[47,84188,84190],{"className":49,"code":84189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84191,84192,84202,84216,84230,84244,84266],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84193,84194,84196,84198,84200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84195,112],{"class":111},[56,84197,115],{"class":70},[56,84199,7900],{"class":101},[56,84201,238],{"class":70},[56,84203,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84205,112],{"class":111},[56,84207,115],{"class":70},[56,84209,1546],{"class":1545},[56,84211,115],{"class":70},[56,84213,7900],{"class":101},[56,84215,1553],{"class":70},[56,84217,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,84219,112],{"class":111},[56,84221,115],{"class":70},[56,84223,11250],{"class":111},[56,84225,115],{"class":70},[56,84227,7900],{"class":101},[56,84229,1553],{"class":70},[56,84231,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,84233,112],{"class":111},[56,84235,115],{"class":70},[56,84237,82559],{"class":111},[56,84239,115],{"class":70},[56,84241,7900],{"class":101},[56,84243,1553],{"class":70},[56,84245,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,84247,112],{"class":111},[56,84249,115],{"class":70},[56,84251,82559],{"class":111},[56,84253,115],{"class":70},[56,84255,7900],{"class":101},[56,84257,78],{"class":70},[56,84259,26605],{"class":9263},[56,84261,67],{"class":66},[56,84263,157],{"class":893},[56,84265,1553],{"class":70},[56,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,84269,112],{"class":111},[56,84271,3084],{"class":70},[56,84273,1546],{"class":1545},[56,84275,115],{"class":70},[56,84277,2271],{"class":101},[56,84279,120],{"class":70},[56,84281,3966],{"class":3965},[56,84283,3969],{"class":101},[56,84285,3972],{"class":3965},[56,84287,6056],{"class":101},[56,84289,1607],{"class":70},[20,84291,84292],{},"These are useful for checking:",[143,84294,84295,84300,84305,84308],{},[146,84296,84297,84298],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84299,7900],{},[146,84301,79670,84302,84304],{},[15,84303,7900],{}," is a list or some other type",[146,84306,84307],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[146,84309,84310],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84312,69421,84313,84316,84317,84319],{},[15,84314,84315],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84318,7900],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[42,84321,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,84323,5230,84325,5233],{"id":84324},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84326,82500],{},[20,84328,84329],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1030,84331,5258,84333,84335],{"id":84332},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84334,82500],{}," work with strings?",[20,84337,84338],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1030,84340,71720],{"id":71719},[20,84342,84343,52576,84345,84347,84348,84350],{},[15,84344,82500],{},[15,84346,40784],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84349,82855],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1030,84352,84354,84355,1911],{"id":84353},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84356,82500],{},[20,84358,650,84359,141],{},[15,84360,83408],{},[47,84362,84363],{"className":49,"code":83336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84364,84365,84397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84366,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84368,4159],{"class":62},[56,84370,67],{"class":66},[56,84372,71],{"class":70},[56,84374,181],{"class":180},[56,84376,37126],{"class":184},[56,84378,181],{"class":180},[56,84380,78],{"class":70},[56,84382,191],{"class":180},[56,84384,68400],{"class":184},[56,84386,181],{"class":180},[56,84388,78],{"class":70},[56,84390,191],{"class":180},[56,84392,58202],{"class":184},[56,84394,181],{"class":180},[56,84396,89],{"class":70},[56,84398,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84400,112],{"class":111},[56,84402,115],{"class":70},[56,84404,82559],{"class":111},[56,84406,115],{"class":70},[56,84408,4200],{"class":101},[56,84410,78],{"class":70},[56,84412,21660],{"class":9263},[56,84414,67],{"class":66},[56,84416,11250],{"class":111},[56,84418,1553],{"class":70},[1030,84420,5268,84422,4480,84424,1911],{"id":84421},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84423,82500],{},[15,84425,1024],{},[20,84427,84428,84430,84431,84433],{},[15,84429,82500],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":84472},[84473,84474,84476,84477,84479,84481,84483,84488,84490,84498,84500,84501,84512],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":82690,"depth":92,"text":84475},"What max() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":82859,"depth":92,"text":84478},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83029,"depth":92,"text":84480},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83164,"depth":92,"text":84482},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78621,"depth":92,"text":79819,"children":84484},[84485,84486,84487],{"id":83332,"depth":108,"text":83333},{"id":83421,"depth":108,"text":83422},{"id":83503,"depth":108,"text":83504},{"id":83610,"depth":92,"text":84489},"Using the default argument",{"id":48066,"depth":92,"text":48067,"children":84491},[84492,84494,84496],{"id":83768,"depth":108,"text":84493},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83878,"depth":108,"text":84495},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83984,"depth":108,"text":84497},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84014,"depth":92,"text":84499},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":84502},[84503,84505,84507,84508,84510],{"id":84324,"depth":108,"text":84504},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84332,"depth":108,"text":84506},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71719,"depth":108,"text":71720},{"id":84353,"depth":108,"text":84509},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84421,"depth":108,"text":84511},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82492,"description":84513},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84520,"title":84521,"body":84522,"description":86476,"extension":2062,"meta":86477,"navigation":600,"path":86478,"seo":86479,"stem":86480,"__hash__":86481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84523,"toc":86433},[84524,84529,84534,84540,84542,84616,84618,84631,84636,84641,84657,84661,84666,84742,84748,84751,84794,84796,84804,84810,84813,84844,84846,84854,84860,84865,84924,84926,84935,84938,84948,84954,84959,84994,84996,85004,85010,85016,85021,85065,85067,85076,85079,85119,85121,85130,85133,85145,85150,85155,85206,85208,85217,85220,85271,85273,85282,85285,85292,85298,85303,85305,85320,85324,85384,85386,85395,85399,85571,85573,85610,85617,85623,85626,85653,85655,85676,85681,85716,85718,85726,85729,85732,85748,85753,85755,85759,85765,85769,85796,85799,85809,85849,85853,85856,85899,85901,85910,85913,85918,85987,85989,85997,86002,86006,86009,86060,86062,86070,86073,86136,86138,86146,86149,86154,86158,86171,86178,86186,86188,86190,86220,86226,86327,86337,86339,86344,86347,86352,86355,86357,86365,86373,86381,86388,86396,86398,86430],[10,84525,2009,84527,3673],{"id":84526},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84528,84154],{},[20,84530,84531,84533],{},[15,84532,84154],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84535,84536,84537,84539],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84538,84154],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[42,84541,2104],{"id":2103},[47,84543,84545],{"className":49,"code":84544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84546,84547,84571,84586,84590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84550,63],{"class":62},[56,84552,67],{"class":66},[56,84554,71],{"class":70},[56,84556,2235],{"class":74},[56,84558,78],{"class":70},[56,84560,81],{"class":74},[56,84562,78],{"class":70},[56,84564,54216],{"class":74},[56,84566,78],{"class":70},[56,84568,910],{"class":74},[56,84570,89],{"class":70},[56,84572,84573,84575,84577,84580,84582,84584],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84574,112],{"class":111},[56,84576,115],{"class":70},[56,84578,84579],{"class":111},"min",[56,84581,115],{"class":70},[56,84583,95],{"class":101},[56,84585,1553],{"class":70},[56,84587,84588],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,84589,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,84591,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,84593,112],{"class":111},[56,84595,115],{"class":70},[56,84597,84579],{"class":111},[56,84599,115],{"class":70},[56,84601,2235],{"class":74},[56,84603,78],{"class":70},[56,84605,81],{"class":74},[56,84607,78],{"class":70},[56,84609,54216],{"class":74},[56,84611,78],{"class":70},[56,84613,910],{"class":74},[56,84615,1553],{"class":70},[20,84617,241],{},[47,84619,84621],{"className":49,"code":84620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n1\n",[15,84622,84623,84627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84624,84625],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84626,46997],{"class":74},[56,84628,84629],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84630,46997],{"class":74},[20,84632,650,84633,84635],{},[15,84634,84154],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[42,84637,133,84639,136],{"id":84638},"what-min-does",[15,84640,84154],{},[143,84642,84643,84648,84651,84654],{},[146,84644,84645,84647],{},[15,84646,84154],{}," returns the smallest item",[146,84649,84650],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[146,84652,84653],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[146,84655,84656],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[42,84658,84660],{"id":84659},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84662,84663,84664,141],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84665,84154],{},[47,84667,84669],{"className":49,"code":84668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84670,84671,84681,84706,84724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84674,84579],{"class":111},[56,84676,115],{"class":70},[56,84678,3810],{"class":101},[56,84680,238],{"class":70},[56,84682,84683,84685,84687,84690,84692,84695,84697,84700,84702,84704],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84684,84579],{"class":111},[56,84686,115],{"class":70},[56,84688,84689],{"class":101},"value1",[56,84691,78],{"class":70},[56,84693,84694],{"class":101}," value2",[56,84696,78],{"class":70},[56,84698,84699],{"class":101}," value3",[56,84701,78],{"class":70},[56,84703,34535],{"class":111},[56,84705,238],{"class":70},[56,84707,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,84709,84579],{"class":111},[56,84711,115],{"class":70},[56,84713,3810],{"class":101},[56,84715,78],{"class":70},[56,84717,21660],{"class":9263},[56,84719,67],{"class":66},[56,84721,37449],{"class":111},[56,84723,238],{"class":70},[56,84725,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,84727,84579],{"class":111},[56,84729,115],{"class":70},[56,84731,3810],{"class":101},[56,84733,78],{"class":70},[56,84735,26605],{"class":9263},[56,84737,67],{"class":66},[56,84739,37449],{"class":111},[56,84741,238],{"class":70},[1030,84743,84745],{"id":84744},"miniterable",[15,84746,84747],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84749,84750],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[47,84752,84754],{"className":49,"code":84753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84755,84756,84780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84757,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84759,63],{"class":62},[56,84761,67],{"class":66},[56,84763,71],{"class":70},[56,84765,2442],{"class":74},[56,84767,78],{"class":70},[56,84769,86],{"class":74},[56,84771,78],{"class":70},[56,84773,31025],{"class":74},[56,84775,78],{"class":70},[56,84777,910],{"class":74},[56,84779,89],{"class":70},[56,84781,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84783,112],{"class":111},[56,84785,115],{"class":70},[56,84787,84579],{"class":111},[56,84789,115],{"class":70},[56,84791,95],{"class":101},[56,84793,1553],{"class":70},[20,84795,241],{},[47,84797,84798],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84799,84800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84801,84802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84803,46997],{"class":74},[1030,84805,84807],{"id":84806},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84808,84809],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84811,84812],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[47,84814,84816],{"className":49,"code":84815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84817,84818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84819,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84821,112],{"class":111},[56,84823,115],{"class":70},[56,84825,84579],{"class":111},[56,84827,115],{"class":70},[56,84829,2442],{"class":74},[56,84831,78],{"class":70},[56,84833,86],{"class":74},[56,84835,78],{"class":70},[56,84837,31025],{"class":74},[56,84839,78],{"class":70},[56,84841,910],{"class":74},[56,84843,1553],{"class":70},[20,84845,241],{},[47,84847,84848],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84849,84850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84851,84852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84853,46997],{"class":74},[1030,84855,84857],{"id":84856},"miniterable-key",[15,84858,84859],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84861,650,84862,84864],{},[15,84863,14920],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[47,84866,84868],{"className":49,"code":84867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84869,84870,84902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84871,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84873,4159],{"class":62},[56,84875,67],{"class":66},[56,84877,71],{"class":70},[56,84879,181],{"class":180},[56,84881,78663],{"class":184},[56,84883,181],{"class":180},[56,84885,78],{"class":70},[56,84887,191],{"class":180},[56,84889,38420],{"class":184},[56,84891,181],{"class":180},[56,84893,78],{"class":70},[56,84895,191],{"class":180},[56,84897,571],{"class":184},[56,84899,181],{"class":180},[56,84901,89],{"class":70},[56,84903,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84905,112],{"class":111},[56,84907,115],{"class":70},[56,84909,84579],{"class":111},[56,84911,115],{"class":70},[56,84913,4200],{"class":101},[56,84915,78],{"class":70},[56,84917,21660],{"class":9263},[56,84919,67],{"class":66},[56,84921,11250],{"class":111},[56,84923,1553],{"class":70},[20,84925,241],{},[47,84927,84929],{"className":49,"code":84928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"kiwi\n",[15,84930,84931],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84932,84933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84934,84928],{"class":62},[20,84936,84937],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84939,84940,84941,84943,84944,98],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84942,42440],{},", see the ",[36,84945,84946,2012],{"href":42437},[15,84947,42440],{},[1030,84949,84951],{"id":84950},"miniterable-default",[15,84952,84953],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84955,650,84956,84958],{},[15,84957,82855],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[47,84960,84962],{"className":49,"code":84961,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84963,84964,84972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84965,84966,84968,84970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84967,63],{"class":62},[56,84969,67],{"class":66},[56,84971,7929],{"class":70},[56,84973,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,84975,112],{"class":111},[56,84977,115],{"class":70},[56,84979,84579],{"class":111},[56,84981,115],{"class":70},[56,84983,95],{"class":101},[56,84985,78],{"class":70},[56,84987,26605],{"class":9263},[56,84989,67],{"class":66},[56,84991,2218],{"class":74},[56,84993,1553],{"class":70},[20,84995,241],{},[47,84997,84998],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,84999,85000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85001,85002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85003,47332],{"class":74},[20,85005,85006,85007,85009],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85008,40784],{}," when there is no item to return.",[42,85011,1441,85013,85015],{"id":85012},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85014,84154],{}," with numbers",[20,85017,85018,85020],{},[15,85019,84154],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[47,85022,85024],{"className":49,"code":85023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85025,85026,85051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85027,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85029,5151],{"class":62},[56,85031,67],{"class":66},[56,85033,71],{"class":70},[56,85035,51586],{"class":74},[56,85037,78],{"class":70},[56,85039,85040],{"class":74}," 72",[56,85042,78],{"class":70},[56,85044,28987],{"class":74},[56,85046,78],{"class":70},[56,85048,76019],{"class":74},[56,85050,89],{"class":70},[56,85052,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85054,112],{"class":111},[56,85056,115],{"class":70},[56,85058,84579],{"class":111},[56,85060,115],{"class":70},[56,85062,16469],{"class":101},[56,85064,1553],{"class":70},[20,85066,241],{},[47,85068,85070],{"className":49,"code":85069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"60\n",[15,85071,85072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85073,85074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85075,85069],{"class":74},[20,85077,85078],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[47,85080,85082],{"className":49,"code":85081,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85083,85084,85105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85085,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85099,85101,85103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85087,82967],{"class":62},[56,85089,67],{"class":66},[56,85091,71],{"class":70},[56,85093,40478],{"class":74},[56,85095,78],{"class":70},[56,85097,85098],{"class":74}," 5.49",[56,85100,78],{"class":70},[56,85102,82983],{"class":74},[56,85104,89],{"class":70},[56,85106,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85108,112],{"class":111},[56,85110,115],{"class":70},[56,85112,84579],{"class":111},[56,85114,115],{"class":70},[56,85116,83003],{"class":101},[56,85118,1553],{"class":70},[20,85120,241],{},[47,85122,85124],{"className":49,"code":85123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.49\n",[15,85125,85126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85127,85128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85129,85123],{"class":74},[20,85131,85132],{},"This is useful for things like:",[143,85134,85135,85137,85139,85142],{},[146,85136,16469],{},[146,85138,83003],{},[146,85140,85141],{},"measurements",[146,85143,85144],{},"ages",[42,85146,1441,85148,47139],{"id":85147},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85149,84154],{},[20,85151,85152,85154],{},[15,85153,84154],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[47,85156,85158],{"className":49,"code":85157,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85159,85160,85192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85161,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85163,4159],{"class":62},[56,85165,67],{"class":66},[56,85167,71],{"class":70},[56,85169,181],{"class":180},[56,85171,571],{"class":184},[56,85173,181],{"class":180},[56,85175,78],{"class":70},[56,85177,191],{"class":180},[56,85179,562],{"class":184},[56,85181,181],{"class":180},[56,85183,78],{"class":70},[56,85185,191],{"class":180},[56,85187,580],{"class":184},[56,85189,181],{"class":180},[56,85191,89],{"class":70},[56,85193,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85195,112],{"class":111},[56,85197,115],{"class":70},[56,85199,84579],{"class":111},[56,85201,115],{"class":70},[56,85203,4200],{"class":101},[56,85205,1553],{"class":70},[20,85207,241],{},[47,85209,85211],{"className":49,"code":85210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple\n",[15,85212,85213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85214,85215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85216,85210],{"class":62},[20,85218,85219],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[47,85221,85223],{"className":49,"code":85222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85224,85225,85257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85226,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85228,4159],{"class":62},[56,85230,67],{"class":66},[56,85232,71],{"class":70},[56,85234,181],{"class":180},[56,85236,571],{"class":184},[56,85238,181],{"class":180},[56,85240,78],{"class":70},[56,85242,191],{"class":180},[56,85244,57843],{"class":184},[56,85246,181],{"class":180},[56,85248,78],{"class":70},[56,85250,191],{"class":180},[56,85252,580],{"class":184},[56,85254,181],{"class":180},[56,85256,89],{"class":70},[56,85258,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85260,112],{"class":111},[56,85262,115],{"class":70},[56,85264,84579],{"class":111},[56,85266,115],{"class":70},[56,85268,4200],{"class":101},[56,85270,1553],{"class":70},[20,85272,241],{},[47,85274,85276],{"className":49,"code":85275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\n",[15,85277,85278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85279,85280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85281,85275],{"class":62},[20,85283,85284],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85286,85287,85288,98],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[36,85289,85290,5873],{"href":1123},[15,85291,1024],{},[42,85293,1441,85295,85297],{"id":85294},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85296,84154],{}," with a key function",[20,85299,2079,85300,85302],{},[15,85301,14920],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85304,11546],{},[143,85306,85307,85312,85317],{},[146,85308,85309,85311],{},[15,85310,14920],{}," changes the comparison rule",[146,85313,85314,85316],{},[15,85315,84154],{}," still returns the original item",[146,85318,85319],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1030,85321,85323],{"id":85322},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[47,85325,85327],{"className":49,"code":85326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85328,85329,85362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85330,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85358,85360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85332,4159],{"class":62},[56,85334,67],{"class":66},[56,85336,71],{"class":70},[56,85338,181],{"class":180},[56,85340,68400],{"class":184},[56,85342,181],{"class":180},[56,85344,78],{"class":70},[56,85346,191],{"class":180},[56,85348,37126],{"class":184},[56,85350,181],{"class":180},[56,85352,78],{"class":70},[56,85354,191],{"class":180},[56,85356,85357],{"class":184},"giraffe",[56,85359,181],{"class":180},[56,85361,89],{"class":70},[56,85363,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85365,112],{"class":111},[56,85367,115],{"class":70},[56,85369,84579],{"class":111},[56,85371,115],{"class":70},[56,85373,4200],{"class":101},[56,85375,78],{"class":70},[56,85377,21660],{"class":9263},[56,85379,67],{"class":66},[56,85381,11250],{"class":111},[56,85383,1553],{"class":70},[20,85385,241],{},[47,85387,85389],{"className":49,"code":85388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat\n",[15,85390,85391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85392,85393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85394,85388],{"class":62},[1030,85396,85398],{"id":85397},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[47,85400,85402],{"className":49,"code":85401,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85403,85404,85414,85449,85481,85513,85517,85521,85560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85405,85406,85409,85411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85407,85408],{"class":62},"students ",[56,85410,67],{"class":66},[56,85412,85413],{"class":70}," [\n",[56,85415,85416,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85440,85442,85444,85446],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85417,85418],{"class":70},"    {",[56,85420,181],{"class":180},[56,85422,7759],{"class":184},[56,85424,181],{"class":180},[56,85426,141],{"class":70},[56,85428,191],{"class":180},[56,85430,12961],{"class":184},[56,85432,181],{"class":180},[56,85434,78],{"class":70},[56,85436,191],{"class":180},[56,85438,85439],{"class":184},"score",[56,85441,181],{"class":180},[56,85443,141],{"class":70},[56,85445,13585],{"class":74},[56,85447,85448],{"class":70},"},\n",[56,85450,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,85452,85418],{"class":70},[56,85454,181],{"class":180},[56,85456,7759],{"class":184},[56,85458,181],{"class":180},[56,85460,141],{"class":70},[56,85462,191],{"class":180},[56,85464,36022],{"class":184},[56,85466,181],{"class":180},[56,85468,78],{"class":70},[56,85470,191],{"class":180},[56,85472,85439],{"class":184},[56,85474,181],{"class":180},[56,85476,141],{"class":70},[56,85478,85040],{"class":74},[56,85480,85448],{"class":70},[56,85482,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,85484,85418],{"class":70},[56,85486,181],{"class":180},[56,85488,7759],{"class":184},[56,85490,181],{"class":180},[56,85492,141],{"class":70},[56,85494,191],{"class":180},[56,85496,36031],{"class":184},[56,85498,181],{"class":180},[56,85500,78],{"class":70},[56,85502,191],{"class":180},[56,85504,85439],{"class":184},[56,85506,181],{"class":180},[56,85508,141],{"class":70},[56,85510,19978],{"class":74},[56,85512,9397],{"class":70},[56,85514,85515],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,85516,89],{"class":70},[56,85518,85519],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,85520,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,85522,85523,85526,85528,85531,85533,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,85524,85525],{"class":62},"lowest ",[56,85527,67],{"class":66},[56,85529,85530],{"class":111}," min",[56,85532,115],{"class":70},[56,85534,85535],{"class":101},"students",[56,85537,78],{"class":70},[56,85539,21660],{"class":9263},[56,85541,67],{"class":66},[56,85543,37738],{"class":1638},[56,85545,12987],{"class":37741},[56,85547,141],{"class":70},[56,85549,12987],{"class":101},[56,85551,251],{"class":70},[56,85553,181],{"class":180},[56,85555,85439],{"class":184},[56,85557,181],{"class":180},[56,85559,1607],{"class":70},[56,85561,85562,85564,85566,85569],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,85563,112],{"class":111},[56,85565,115],{"class":70},[56,85567,85568],{"class":101},"lowest",[56,85570,238],{"class":70},[20,85572,241],{},[47,85574,85576],{"className":49,"code":85575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85577,85578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85579,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85581,9366],{"class":70},[56,85583,254],{"class":180},[56,85585,7759],{"class":184},[56,85587,254],{"class":180},[56,85589,141],{"class":70},[56,85591,263],{"class":180},[56,85593,36022],{"class":184},[56,85595,254],{"class":180},[56,85597,78],{"class":70},[56,85599,263],{"class":180},[56,85601,85439],{"class":184},[56,85603,254],{"class":180},[56,85605,141],{"class":70},[56,85607,85040],{"class":74},[56,85609,9397],{"class":70},[20,85611,85612,85613,85616],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85614,85615],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[42,85618,1441,85620,85622],{"id":85619},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85621,82855],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85624,85625],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[47,85627,85629],{"className":49,"code":85628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85630,85631,85639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85632,85633,85635,85637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85634,63],{"class":62},[56,85636,67],{"class":66},[56,85638,7929],{"class":70},[56,85640,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85642,112],{"class":111},[56,85644,115],{"class":70},[56,85646,84579],{"class":111},[56,85648,115],{"class":70},[56,85650,95],{"class":101},[56,85652,1553],{"class":70},[20,85654,241],{},[47,85656,85658],{"className":49,"code":85657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85659,85660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85661,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85663,40784],{"class":1545},[56,85665,141],{"class":70},[56,85667,85530],{"class":111},[56,85669,7456],{"class":70},[56,85671,83825],{"class":62},[56,85673,12277],{"class":66},[56,85675,83830],{"class":62},[20,85677,85678,85679,141],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85680,82855],{},[47,85682,85684],{"className":49,"code":85683,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85685,85686,85694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85687,85688,85690,85692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85689,63],{"class":62},[56,85691,67],{"class":66},[56,85693,7929],{"class":70},[56,85695,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85697,112],{"class":111},[56,85699,115],{"class":70},[56,85701,84579],{"class":111},[56,85703,115],{"class":70},[56,85705,95],{"class":101},[56,85707,78],{"class":70},[56,85709,26605],{"class":9263},[56,85711,67],{"class":66},[56,85713,157],{"class":893},[56,85715,1553],{"class":70},[20,85717,241],{},[47,85719,85720],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,85721,85722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85723,85724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85725,894],{"class":893},[20,85727,85728],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85730,85731],{},"Remember:",[143,85733,85734,85742],{},[146,85735,85736,85738,85739,85741],{},[15,85737,82855],{}," works only when ",[15,85740,84154],{}," gets one iterable argument",[146,85743,85744,85745],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85746,85747],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85749,85750,85751,98],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[36,85752,65913],{"href":72951},[42,85754,10832],{"id":10831},[20,85756,56850,85757,98],{},[15,85758,84154],{},[1030,85760,85762,85763],{"id":85761},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85764,82855],{},[20,85766,3100,85767,141],{},[15,85768,40784],{},[47,85770,85772],{"className":49,"code":85771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85773,85774,85782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85775,85776,85778,85780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85777,7871],{"class":62},[56,85779,67],{"class":66},[56,85781,7929],{"class":70},[56,85783,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85785,112],{"class":111},[56,85787,115],{"class":70},[56,85789,84579],{"class":111},[56,85791,115],{"class":70},[56,85793,7900],{"class":101},[56,85795,1553],{"class":70},[20,85797,85798],{},"Fix it by:",[143,85800,85801,85804],{},[146,85802,85803],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[146,85805,85806,85807],{},"or using ",[15,85808,82855],{},[47,85810,85812],{"className":49,"code":85811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85813,85814,85822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85815,85816,85818,85820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85817,7871],{"class":62},[56,85819,67],{"class":66},[56,85821,7929],{"class":70},[56,85823,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85845,85847],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85825,112],{"class":111},[56,85827,115],{"class":70},[56,85829,84579],{"class":111},[56,85831,115],{"class":70},[56,85833,7900],{"class":101},[56,85835,78],{"class":70},[56,85837,26605],{"class":9263},[56,85839,67],{"class":66},[56,85841,181],{"class":180},[56,85843,85844],{"class":184},"no items",[56,85846,181],{"class":180},[56,85848,1553],{"class":70},[1030,85850,85852],{"id":85851},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85854,85855],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[47,85857,85859],{"className":49,"code":85858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85860,85861,85885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85862,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85864,9253],{"class":62},[56,85866,67],{"class":66},[56,85868,71],{"class":70},[56,85870,444],{"class":74},[56,85872,78],{"class":70},[56,85874,191],{"class":180},[56,85876,15834],{"class":184},[56,85878,181],{"class":180},[56,85880,78],{"class":70},[56,85882,4693],{"class":74},[56,85884,89],{"class":70},[56,85886,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85888,112],{"class":111},[56,85890,115],{"class":70},[56,85892,84579],{"class":111},[56,85894,115],{"class":70},[56,85896,9292],{"class":101},[56,85898,1553],{"class":70},[20,85900,241],{},[47,85902,85904],{"className":49,"code":85903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError\n",[15,85905,85906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85907,85908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85909,85903],{"class":1545},[20,85911,85912],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85914,85915,85916,98],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85917,84154],{},[47,85919,85921],{"className":49,"code":85920,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85922,85923,85947,85973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85924,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85926,9253],{"class":62},[56,85928,67],{"class":66},[56,85930,71],{"class":70},[56,85932,444],{"class":74},[56,85934,78],{"class":70},[56,85936,191],{"class":180},[56,85938,15834],{"class":184},[56,85940,181],{"class":180},[56,85942,78],{"class":70},[56,85944,4693],{"class":74},[56,85946,89],{"class":70},[56,85948,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,85950,63],{"class":62},[56,85952,67],{"class":66},[56,85954,71],{"class":70},[56,85956,2286],{"class":1545},[56,85958,115],{"class":70},[56,85960,2271],{"class":101},[56,85962,120],{"class":70},[56,85964,3966],{"class":3965},[56,85966,3969],{"class":62},[56,85968,3972],{"class":3965},[56,85970,14645],{"class":62},[56,85972,89],{"class":70},[56,85974,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,85976,112],{"class":111},[56,85978,115],{"class":70},[56,85980,84579],{"class":111},[56,85982,115],{"class":70},[56,85984,95],{"class":101},[56,85986,1553],{"class":70},[20,85988,241],{},[47,85990,85991],{"className":49,"code":3045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,85992,85993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85994,85995],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85996,3045],{"class":74},[20,85998,85999,86000,98],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86001,3103],{},[1030,86003,86005],{"id":86004},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86007,86008],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[47,86010,86012],{"className":49,"code":86011,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86013,86014,86046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86015,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86017,4159],{"class":62},[56,86019,67],{"class":66},[56,86021,71],{"class":70},[56,86023,181],{"class":180},[56,86025,79479],{"class":184},[56,86027,181],{"class":180},[56,86029,78],{"class":70},[56,86031,191],{"class":180},[56,86033,57843],{"class":184},[56,86035,181],{"class":180},[56,86037,78],{"class":70},[56,86039,191],{"class":180},[56,86041,79496],{"class":184},[56,86043,181],{"class":180},[56,86045,89],{"class":70},[56,86047,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86049,112],{"class":111},[56,86051,115],{"class":70},[56,86053,84579],{"class":111},[56,86055,115],{"class":70},[56,86057,4200],{"class":101},[56,86059,1553],{"class":70},[20,86061,241],{},[47,86063,86064],{"className":49,"code":85275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86065,86066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86067,86068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86069,85275],{"class":62},[20,86071,86072],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[47,86074,86076],{"className":49,"code":86075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86077,86078,86110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86079,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86081,4159],{"class":62},[56,86083,67],{"class":66},[56,86085,71],{"class":70},[56,86087,181],{"class":180},[56,86089,79479],{"class":184},[56,86091,181],{"class":180},[56,86093,78],{"class":70},[56,86095,191],{"class":180},[56,86097,57843],{"class":184},[56,86099,181],{"class":180},[56,86101,78],{"class":70},[56,86103,191],{"class":180},[56,86105,79496],{"class":184},[56,86107,181],{"class":180},[56,86109,89],{"class":70},[56,86111,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86113,112],{"class":111},[56,86115,115],{"class":70},[56,86117,84579],{"class":111},[56,86119,115],{"class":70},[56,86121,4200],{"class":101},[56,86123,78],{"class":70},[56,86125,21660],{"class":9263},[56,86127,67],{"class":66},[56,86129,3538],{"class":1545},[56,86131,98],{"class":70},[56,86133,8728],{"class":24831},[56,86135,1553],{"class":70},[20,86137,241],{},[47,86139,86140],{"className":49,"code":85275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,86141,86142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86143,86144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86145,85275],{"class":62},[20,86147,86148],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[42,86150,1389,86152],{"id":86151},"when-to-use-min",[15,86153,84154],{},[20,86155,650,86156,10689],{},[15,86157,84154],{},[143,86159,86160,86163,86168],{},[146,86161,86162],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[146,86164,86165,86166],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86167,14920],{},[146,86169,86170],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86172,650,86173,86177],{},[36,86174,86175],{"href":1123},[15,86176,1024],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86179,650,86180,86185],{},[36,86181,86183],{"href":86182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86184,82500],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[42,86187,1418],{"id":1417},[20,86189,84159],{},[143,86191,86192,86200,86203,86208,86215],{},[146,86193,86194,86195,86197,86198],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86196,84154],{}," without using ",[15,86199,82855],{},[146,86201,86202],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[146,86204,1435,86205,86207],{},[15,86206,84154],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[146,86209,4792,86210,86212,86213,85316],{},[15,86211,14920],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86214,84154],{},[146,86216,1441,86217,86219],{},[15,86218,82855],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86221,86222,86223,86225],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86224,84154],{},", these quick checks can help:",[47,86227,86229],{"className":49,"code":86228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86230,86231,86245,86255,86269,86283,86305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86232,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86234,112],{"class":111},[56,86236,115],{"class":70},[56,86238,1546],{"class":1545},[56,86240,115],{"class":70},[56,86242,9292],{"class":101},[56,86244,1553],{"class":70},[56,86246,86247,86249,86251,86253],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86248,112],{"class":111},[56,86250,115],{"class":70},[56,86252,9292],{"class":101},[56,86254,238],{"class":70},[56,86256,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,86258,112],{"class":111},[56,86260,115],{"class":70},[56,86262,11250],{"class":111},[56,86264,115],{"class":70},[56,86266,9292],{"class":101},[56,86268,1553],{"class":70},[56,86270,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,86272,112],{"class":111},[56,86274,115],{"class":70},[56,86276,84579],{"class":111},[56,86278,115],{"class":70},[56,86280,9292],{"class":101},[56,86282,1553],{"class":70},[56,86284,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,86286,112],{"class":111},[56,86288,115],{"class":70},[56,86290,84579],{"class":111},[56,86292,115],{"class":70},[56,86294,9292],{"class":101},[56,86296,78],{"class":70},[56,86298,26605],{"class":9263},[56,86300,67],{"class":66},[56,86302,157],{"class":893},[56,86304,1553],{"class":70},[56,86306,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,86308,112],{"class":111},[56,86310,115],{"class":70},[56,86312,84579],{"class":111},[56,86314,115],{"class":70},[56,86316,4200],{"class":101},[56,86318,78],{"class":70},[56,86320,21660],{"class":9263},[56,86322,67],{"class":66},[56,86324,11250],{"class":111},[56,86326,1553],{"class":70},[20,86328,86329,86330,86333,86334,86336],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86331,86332],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86335,9292],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[42,86338,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,86340,5230,86342,5233],{"id":86341},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86343,84154],{},[20,86345,86346],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1030,86348,5258,86350,84335],{"id":86349},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86351,84154],{},[20,86353,86354],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1030,86356,71720],{"id":71719},[20,86358,86359,52576,86361,84347,86363,36700],{},[15,86360,84154],{},[15,86362,40784],{},[15,86364,82855],{},[1030,86366,5230,86368,86370,86371,1911],{"id":86367},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86369,14920],{}," do in ",[15,86372,84154],{},[20,86374,86375,86377,86378,86380],{},[15,86376,14920],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86379,83408],{}," compares strings by length.",[1030,86382,5268,86384,4480,86386,1911],{"id":86383},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86385,84154],{},[15,86387,1024],{},[20,86389,86390,86392,86393,86395],{},[15,86391,84154],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86394,1024],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[42,86397,1996],{"id":1995},[143,86399,86400,86406,86412,86418,86422,86426],{},[146,86401,86402],{},[36,86403,86404,2012],{"href":86182},[15,86405,82500],{},[146,86407,86408],{},[36,86409,86410,2012],{"href":1123},[15,86411,1024],{},[146,86413,86414],{},[36,86415,86416,2012],{"href":42437},[15,86417,42440],{},[146,86419,86420],{},[36,86421,79792],{"href":78295},[146,86423,86424],{},[36,86425,59031],{"href":59030},[146,86427,86428],{},[36,86429,65913],{"href":72951},[2028,86431,86432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":86434},[86435,86436,86438,86444,86446,86448,86453,86455,86461,86463,86464,86475],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":84638,"depth":92,"text":86437},"What min() does",{"id":84659,"depth":92,"text":84660,"children":86439},[86440,86441,86442,86443],{"id":84744,"depth":108,"text":84747},{"id":84806,"depth":108,"text":84809},{"id":84856,"depth":108,"text":84859},{"id":84950,"depth":108,"text":84953},{"id":85012,"depth":92,"text":86445},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85147,"depth":92,"text":86447},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85294,"depth":92,"text":86449,"children":86450},"Using min() with a key function",[86451,86452],{"id":85322,"depth":108,"text":85323},{"id":85397,"depth":108,"text":85398},{"id":85619,"depth":92,"text":86454},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10831,"depth":92,"text":10832,"children":86456},[86457,86459,86460],{"id":85761,"depth":108,"text":86458},"Empty list without default",{"id":85851,"depth":108,"text":85852},{"id":86004,"depth":108,"text":86005},{"id":86151,"depth":92,"text":86462},"When to use min()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":86465},[86466,86468,86470,86471,86473],{"id":86341,"depth":108,"text":86467},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86349,"depth":108,"text":86469},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71719,"depth":108,"text":71720},{"id":86367,"depth":108,"text":86472},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86383,"depth":108,"text":86474},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84521,"description":86476},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86483,"title":86484,"body":86485,"description":88664,"extension":2062,"meta":88665,"navigation":600,"path":88666,"seo":88667,"stem":88668,"__hash__":88669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86486,"toc":88628},[86487,86490,86496,86502,86504,86585,86594,86598,86603,86605,86650,86652,86732,86738,86740,86743,86775,86777,86795,86797,86870,86872,86891,86895,86898,86934,86936,87003,87077,87150,87155,87159,87165,87168,87185,87188,87190,87251,87253,87273,87279,87283,87286,87356,87359,87378,87383,87459,87462,87466,87472,87476,87481,87551,87555,87560,87634,87638,87641,87716,87727,87731,87736,87826,87831,87899,87902,87921,87932,87936,87939,87944,87947,88009,88012,88023,88028,88031,88034,88039,88042,88045,88049,88052,88058,88061,88072,88074,88136,88151,88157,88160,88163,88174,88185,88191,88194,88196,88258,88268,88274,88279,88285,88289,88295,88298,88319,88321,88326,88353,88356,88383,88386,88425,88428,88466,88469,88530,88533,88535,88539,88542,88546,88552,88560,88568,88572,88575,88579,88585,88587,88625],[10,86488,86484],{"id":86489},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86491,86492,86495],{},[15,86493,86494],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86497,86498,86499,86501],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86500,86494],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[42,86503,2104],{"id":2103},[47,86505,86507],{"className":49,"code":86506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86508,86509,86558,86574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86510,86511,86514,86517,86519,86521,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86539,86541,86543,86546,86548,86550,86552,86556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86512,86513],{"class":3965},"with",[56,86515,86516],{"class":111}," open",[56,86518,115],{"class":70},[56,86520,181],{"class":180},[56,86522,86523],{"class":184},"example.txt",[56,86525,181],{"class":180},[56,86527,78],{"class":70},[56,86529,191],{"class":180},[56,86531,60581],{"class":184},[56,86533,181],{"class":180},[56,86535,78],{"class":70},[56,86537,86538],{"class":9263}," encoding",[56,86540,67],{"class":66},[56,86542,181],{"class":180},[56,86544,86545],{"class":184},"utf-8",[56,86547,181],{"class":180},[56,86549,120],{"class":70},[56,86551,47438],{"class":3965},[56,86553,86555],{"class":86554},"sMMDD"," file",[56,86557,6484],{"class":70},[56,86559,86560,86563,86565,86567,86569,86572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86561,86562],{"class":62},"    content ",[56,86564,67],{"class":66},[56,86566,86555],{"class":86554},[56,86568,98],{"class":70},[56,86570,86571],{"class":101},"read",[56,86573,105],{"class":70},[56,86575,86576,86578,86580,86583],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,86577,8160],{"class":111},[56,86579,115],{"class":70},[56,86581,86582],{"class":101},"content",[56,86584,238],{"class":70},[20,86586,650,86587,86589,86590,86593],{},[15,86588,86513],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86591,86592],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[42,86595,86597],{"id":86596},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86599,86600,86602],{},[15,86601,86494],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86604,11546],{},[143,86606,86607,86610,86615,86620],{},[146,86608,86609],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[146,86611,928,86612,86614],{},[540,86613,931],{}," read or write anything by itself",[146,86616,17503,86617],{},[540,86618,86619],{},"file object",[146,86621,86622,86623],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[143,86624,86625,86630,86635,86640,86645],{},[146,86626,86627],{},[15,86628,86629],{},"read()",[146,86631,86632],{},[15,86633,86634],{},"readline()",[146,86636,86637],{},[15,86638,86639],{},"readlines()",[146,86641,86642],{},[15,86643,86644],{},"write()",[146,86646,86647],{},[15,86648,86649],{},"close()",[20,86651,163],{},[47,86653,86655],{"className":49,"code":86654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86656,86657,86696,86711,86721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86658,86659,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86660,86661],{"class":86554},"file",[56,86663,13354],{"class":66},[56,86665,86516],{"class":111},[56,86667,115],{"class":70},[56,86669,181],{"class":180},[56,86671,86523],{"class":184},[56,86673,181],{"class":180},[56,86675,78],{"class":70},[56,86677,191],{"class":180},[56,86679,60581],{"class":184},[56,86681,181],{"class":180},[56,86683,78],{"class":70},[56,86685,86538],{"class":9263},[56,86687,67],{"class":66},[56,86689,181],{"class":180},[56,86691,86545],{"class":184},[56,86693,181],{"class":180},[56,86695,238],{"class":70},[56,86697,86698,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86699,86700],{"class":62},"content ",[56,86702,67],{"class":66},[56,86704,86555],{"class":86554},[56,86706,98],{"class":70},[56,86708,86571],{"class":101},[56,86710,105],{"class":70},[56,86712,86713,86715,86717,86719],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,86714,112],{"class":111},[56,86716,115],{"class":70},[56,86718,86582],{"class":101},[56,86720,238],{"class":70},[56,86722,86723,86725,86727,86730],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,86724,86661],{"class":86554},[56,86726,98],{"class":70},[56,86728,86729],{"class":101},"close",[56,86731,105],{"class":70},[20,86733,86734,86735,86737],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86736,86513],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[42,86739,289],{"id":288},[20,86741,86742],{},"A common form is:",[47,86744,86746],{"className":49,"code":86745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86747,86748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86749,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86751,42506],{"class":111},[56,86753,115],{"class":70},[56,86755,86661],{"class":86554},[56,86757,78],{"class":70},[56,86759,86760],{"class":101}," mode",[56,86762,78],{"class":70},[56,86764,86538],{"class":9263},[56,86766,67],{"class":66},[56,86768,181],{"class":180},[56,86770,86545],{"class":184},[56,86772,181],{"class":180},[56,86774,238],{"class":70},[20,86776,65119],{},[143,86778,86779,86784,86789],{},[146,86780,86781,86783],{},[15,86782,86661],{}," is the file name or file path",[146,86785,86786,86788],{},[15,86787,20999],{}," controls how the file is opened",[146,86790,86791,86794],{},[15,86792,86793],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86796,163],{},[47,86798,86800],{"className":49,"code":86799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86801,86802,86845,86860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86803,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86805,86513],{"class":3965},[56,86807,86516],{"class":111},[56,86809,115],{"class":70},[56,86811,181],{"class":180},[56,86813,86814],{"class":184},"notes.txt",[56,86816,181],{"class":180},[56,86818,78],{"class":70},[56,86820,191],{"class":180},[56,86822,60581],{"class":184},[56,86824,181],{"class":180},[56,86826,78],{"class":70},[56,86828,86538],{"class":9263},[56,86830,67],{"class":66},[56,86832,181],{"class":180},[56,86834,86545],{"class":184},[56,86836,181],{"class":180},[56,86838,120],{"class":70},[56,86840,47438],{"class":3965},[56,86842,86555],{"class":86554},[56,86844,6484],{"class":70},[56,86846,86847,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86848,86849],{"class":62},"    text ",[56,86851,67],{"class":66},[56,86853,86555],{"class":86554},[56,86855,98],{"class":70},[56,86857,86571],{"class":101},[56,86859,105],{"class":70},[56,86861,86862,86864,86866,86868],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,86863,8160],{"class":111},[56,86865,115],{"class":70},[56,86867,1481],{"class":101},[56,86869,238],{"class":70},[20,86871,20037],{},[143,86873,86874,86880,86885],{},[146,86875,86876,86879],{},[15,86877,86878],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[146,86881,86882,86884],{},[15,86883,86592],{}," means open for reading",[146,86886,86887,86890],{},[15,86888,86889],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[42,86892,86894],{"id":86893},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86896,86897],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[143,86899,86900,86905,86911,86916,86922,86928],{},[146,86901,86902,86904],{},[15,86903,86592],{}," = read a text file",[146,86906,86907,86910],{},[15,86908,86909],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[146,86912,86913,86915],{},[15,86914,18176],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[146,86917,86918,86921],{},[15,86919,86920],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[146,86923,86924,86927],{},[15,86925,86926],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[146,86929,86930,86933],{},[15,86931,86932],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86935,2224],{},[47,86937,86939],{"className":49,"code":86938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86940,86941,86946,86989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86942,86943],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86944,86945],{"class":123},"# Read a text file\n",[56,86947,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,86949,86513],{"class":3965},[56,86951,86516],{"class":111},[56,86953,115],{"class":70},[56,86955,181],{"class":180},[56,86957,86958],{"class":184},"data.txt",[56,86960,181],{"class":180},[56,86962,78],{"class":70},[56,86964,191],{"class":180},[56,86966,60581],{"class":184},[56,86968,181],{"class":180},[56,86970,78],{"class":70},[56,86972,86538],{"class":9263},[56,86974,67],{"class":66},[56,86976,181],{"class":180},[56,86978,86545],{"class":184},[56,86980,181],{"class":180},[56,86982,120],{"class":70},[56,86984,47438],{"class":3965},[56,86986,86555],{"class":86554},[56,86988,6484],{"class":70},[56,86990,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,86992,8160],{"class":111},[56,86994,115],{"class":70},[56,86996,86661],{"class":86554},[56,86998,98],{"class":70},[56,87000,86571],{"class":101},[56,87002,7284],{"class":70},[47,87004,87006],{"className":49,"code":87005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87007,87008,87013,87055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87009,87010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87011,87012],{"class":123},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[56,87014,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87016,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87018,86516],{"class":111},[56,87020,115],{"class":70},[56,87022,181],{"class":180},[56,87024,86958],{"class":184},[56,87026,181],{"class":180},[56,87028,78],{"class":70},[56,87030,191],{"class":180},[56,87032,60564],{"class":184},[56,87034,181],{"class":180},[56,87036,78],{"class":70},[56,87038,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87040,67],{"class":66},[56,87042,181],{"class":180},[56,87044,86545],{"class":184},[56,87046,181],{"class":180},[56,87048,120],{"class":70},[56,87050,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87052,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87054,6484],{"class":70},[56,87056,87057,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87073,87075],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87058,87059],{"class":86554},"    file",[56,87061,98],{"class":70},[56,87063,70269],{"class":101},[56,87065,115],{"class":70},[56,87067,181],{"class":180},[56,87069,34947],{"class":184},[56,87071,87072],{"class":34534},"\\n",[56,87074,181],{"class":180},[56,87076,238],{"class":70},[47,87078,87080],{"className":49,"code":87079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87081,87082,87087,87129],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87083,87084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87085,87086],{"class":123},"# Append to a text file\n",[56,87088,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87090,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87092,86516],{"class":111},[56,87094,115],{"class":70},[56,87096,181],{"class":180},[56,87098,86958],{"class":184},[56,87100,181],{"class":180},[56,87102,78],{"class":70},[56,87104,191],{"class":180},[56,87106,36],{"class":184},[56,87108,181],{"class":180},[56,87110,78],{"class":70},[56,87112,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87114,67],{"class":66},[56,87116,181],{"class":180},[56,87118,86545],{"class":184},[56,87120,181],{"class":180},[56,87122,120],{"class":70},[56,87124,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87126,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87128,6484],{"class":70},[56,87130,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87144,87146,87148],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87132,87059],{"class":86554},[56,87134,98],{"class":70},[56,87136,70269],{"class":101},[56,87138,115],{"class":70},[56,87140,181],{"class":180},[56,87142,87143],{"class":184},"Another line",[56,87145,87072],{"class":34534},[56,87147,181],{"class":180},[56,87149,238],{"class":70},[20,87151,69421,87152,87154],{},[15,87153,86909],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[42,87156,87158],{"id":87157},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87160,87161,22056,87163,98],{},[15,87162,86494],{},[540,87164,86619],{},[20,87166,87167],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[143,87169,87170,87175,87180],{},[146,87171,87172],{},[15,87173,87174],{},"file.read()",[146,87176,87177],{},[15,87178,87179],{},"file.write()",[146,87181,87182],{},[15,87183,87184],{},"file.close()",[20,87186,87187],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87189,163],{},[47,87191,87193],{"className":49,"code":87192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87194,87195,87237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87196,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87198,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87200,86516],{"class":111},[56,87202,115],{"class":70},[56,87204,181],{"class":180},[56,87206,86523],{"class":184},[56,87208,181],{"class":180},[56,87210,78],{"class":70},[56,87212,191],{"class":180},[56,87214,60581],{"class":184},[56,87216,181],{"class":180},[56,87218,78],{"class":70},[56,87220,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87222,67],{"class":66},[56,87224,181],{"class":180},[56,87226,86545],{"class":184},[56,87228,181],{"class":180},[56,87230,120],{"class":70},[56,87232,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87234,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87236,6484],{"class":70},[56,87238,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87240,8160],{"class":111},[56,87242,115],{"class":70},[56,87244,1546],{"class":1545},[56,87246,115],{"class":70},[56,87248,86661],{"class":86554},[56,87250,1553],{"class":70},[20,87252,30111],{},[47,87254,87256],{"className":49,"code":87255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87257,87258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87259,87260,87262,87264,87266,87269,87271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87261,1635],{"class":66},[56,87263,1639],{"class":1638},[56,87265,263],{"class":180},[56,87267,87268],{"class":184},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[56,87270,254],{"class":180},[56,87272,1649],{"class":66},[20,87274,87275,87276,87278],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87277,86494],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[42,87280,87282],{"id":87281},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87284,87285],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[47,87287,87288],{"className":49,"code":86506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,87289,87290,87332,87346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87291,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87293,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87295,86516],{"class":111},[56,87297,115],{"class":70},[56,87299,181],{"class":180},[56,87301,86523],{"class":184},[56,87303,181],{"class":180},[56,87305,78],{"class":70},[56,87307,191],{"class":180},[56,87309,60581],{"class":184},[56,87311,181],{"class":180},[56,87313,78],{"class":70},[56,87315,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87317,67],{"class":66},[56,87319,181],{"class":180},[56,87321,86545],{"class":184},[56,87323,181],{"class":180},[56,87325,120],{"class":70},[56,87327,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87329,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87331,6484],{"class":70},[56,87333,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87335,86562],{"class":62},[56,87337,67],{"class":66},[56,87339,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87341,98],{"class":70},[56,87343,86571],{"class":101},[56,87345,105],{"class":70},[56,87347,87348,87350,87352,87354],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87349,8160],{"class":111},[56,87351,115],{"class":70},[56,87353,86582],{"class":101},[56,87355,238],{"class":70},[20,87357,87358],{},"Why this is recommended:",[143,87360,87361,87366,87372,87375],{},[146,87362,87363,87365],{},[15,87364,86513],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[146,87367,87368,87369,87371],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87370,86649],{}," yourself",[146,87373,87374],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[146,87376,87377],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87379,83671,87380,87382],{},[15,87381,86513],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[47,87384,87385],{"className":49,"code":86654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,87386,87387,87425,87439,87449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87388,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87390,86661],{"class":86554},[56,87392,13354],{"class":66},[56,87394,86516],{"class":111},[56,87396,115],{"class":70},[56,87398,181],{"class":180},[56,87400,86523],{"class":184},[56,87402,181],{"class":180},[56,87404,78],{"class":70},[56,87406,191],{"class":180},[56,87408,60581],{"class":184},[56,87410,181],{"class":180},[56,87412,78],{"class":70},[56,87414,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87416,67],{"class":66},[56,87418,181],{"class":180},[56,87420,86545],{"class":184},[56,87422,181],{"class":180},[56,87424,238],{"class":70},[56,87426,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87428,86700],{"class":62},[56,87430,67],{"class":66},[56,87432,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87434,98],{"class":70},[56,87436,86571],{"class":101},[56,87438,105],{"class":70},[56,87440,87441,87443,87445,87447],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87442,112],{"class":111},[56,87444,115],{"class":70},[56,87446,86582],{"class":101},[56,87448,238],{"class":70},[56,87450,87451,87453,87455,87457],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,87452,86661],{"class":86554},[56,87454,98],{"class":70},[56,87456,86729],{"class":101},[56,87458,105],{"class":70},[20,87460,87461],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[42,87463,87465],{"id":87464},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87467,87468,87469,87471],{},"Use mode ",[15,87470,86592],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1030,87473,87475],{"id":87474},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87477,87478,87480],{},[15,87479,86629],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[47,87482,87483],{"className":49,"code":86506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,87484,87485,87527,87541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87486,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87488,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87490,86516],{"class":111},[56,87492,115],{"class":70},[56,87494,181],{"class":180},[56,87496,86523],{"class":184},[56,87498,181],{"class":180},[56,87500,78],{"class":70},[56,87502,191],{"class":180},[56,87504,60581],{"class":184},[56,87506,181],{"class":180},[56,87508,78],{"class":70},[56,87510,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87512,67],{"class":66},[56,87514,181],{"class":180},[56,87516,86545],{"class":184},[56,87518,181],{"class":180},[56,87520,120],{"class":70},[56,87522,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87524,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87526,6484],{"class":70},[56,87528,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87530,86562],{"class":62},[56,87532,67],{"class":66},[56,87534,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87536,98],{"class":70},[56,87538,86571],{"class":101},[56,87540,105],{"class":70},[56,87542,87543,87545,87547,87549],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87544,8160],{"class":111},[56,87546,115],{"class":70},[56,87548,86582],{"class":101},[56,87550,238],{"class":70},[1030,87552,87554],{"id":87553},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87556,87557,87559],{},[15,87558,86634],{}," reads one line at a time.",[47,87561,87563],{"className":49,"code":87562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87564,87565,87607,87623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87566,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87568,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87570,86516],{"class":111},[56,87572,115],{"class":70},[56,87574,181],{"class":180},[56,87576,86523],{"class":184},[56,87578,181],{"class":180},[56,87580,78],{"class":70},[56,87582,191],{"class":180},[56,87584,60581],{"class":184},[56,87586,181],{"class":180},[56,87588,78],{"class":70},[56,87590,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87592,67],{"class":66},[56,87594,181],{"class":180},[56,87596,86545],{"class":184},[56,87598,181],{"class":180},[56,87600,120],{"class":70},[56,87602,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87604,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87606,6484],{"class":70},[56,87608,87609,87612,87614,87616,87618,87621],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87610,87611],{"class":62},"    first_line ",[56,87613,67],{"class":66},[56,87615,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87617,98],{"class":70},[56,87619,87620],{"class":101},"readline",[56,87622,105],{"class":70},[56,87624,87625,87627,87629,87632],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87626,8160],{"class":111},[56,87628,115],{"class":70},[56,87630,87631],{"class":101},"first_line",[56,87633,238],{"class":70},[1030,87635,87637],{"id":87636},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87639,87640],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[47,87642,87644],{"className":49,"code":87643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87645,87646,87688,87702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87647,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87649,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87651,86516],{"class":111},[56,87653,115],{"class":70},[56,87655,181],{"class":180},[56,87657,86523],{"class":184},[56,87659,181],{"class":180},[56,87661,78],{"class":70},[56,87663,191],{"class":180},[56,87665,60581],{"class":184},[56,87667,181],{"class":180},[56,87669,78],{"class":70},[56,87671,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87673,67],{"class":66},[56,87675,181],{"class":180},[56,87677,86545],{"class":184},[56,87679,181],{"class":180},[56,87681,120],{"class":70},[56,87683,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87685,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87687,6484],{"class":70},[56,87689,87690,87693,87696,87698,87700],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87691,87692],{"class":3965},"    for",[56,87694,87695],{"class":62}," line ",[56,87697,3972],{"class":3965},[56,87699,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87701,6484],{"class":70},[56,87703,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87705,47418],{"class":111},[56,87707,115],{"class":70},[56,87709,58],{"class":101},[56,87711,98],{"class":70},[56,87713,8722],{"class":101},[56,87715,7284],{"class":70},[20,87717,87718,87719,2976,87723,98],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[36,87720,87722],{"href":87721},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[36,87724,87726],{"href":87725},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[42,87728,87730],{"id":87729},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87732,650,87733,87735],{},[15,87734,86909],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[47,87737,87739],{"className":49,"code":87738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87740,87741,87784,87805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87744,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87746,86516],{"class":111},[56,87748,115],{"class":70},[56,87750,181],{"class":180},[56,87752,87753],{"class":184},"output.txt",[56,87755,181],{"class":180},[56,87757,78],{"class":70},[56,87759,191],{"class":180},[56,87761,60564],{"class":184},[56,87763,181],{"class":180},[56,87765,78],{"class":70},[56,87767,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87769,67],{"class":66},[56,87771,181],{"class":180},[56,87773,86545],{"class":184},[56,87775,181],{"class":180},[56,87777,120],{"class":70},[56,87779,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87781,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87783,6484],{"class":70},[56,87785,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87799,87801,87803],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87787,87059],{"class":86554},[56,87789,98],{"class":70},[56,87791,70269],{"class":101},[56,87793,115],{"class":70},[56,87795,181],{"class":180},[56,87797,87798],{"class":184},"First line",[56,87800,87072],{"class":34534},[56,87802,181],{"class":180},[56,87804,238],{"class":70},[56,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87820,87822,87824],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,87808,87059],{"class":86554},[56,87810,98],{"class":70},[56,87812,70269],{"class":101},[56,87814,115],{"class":70},[56,87816,181],{"class":180},[56,87818,87819],{"class":184},"Second line",[56,87821,87072],{"class":34534},[56,87823,181],{"class":180},[56,87825,238],{"class":70},[20,87827,650,87828,87830],{},[15,87829,18176],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[47,87832,87834],{"className":49,"code":87833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87835,87836,87878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87837,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87839,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87841,86516],{"class":111},[56,87843,115],{"class":70},[56,87845,181],{"class":180},[56,87847,87753],{"class":184},[56,87849,181],{"class":180},[56,87851,78],{"class":70},[56,87853,191],{"class":180},[56,87855,36],{"class":184},[56,87857,181],{"class":180},[56,87859,78],{"class":70},[56,87861,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87863,67],{"class":66},[56,87865,181],{"class":180},[56,87867,86545],{"class":184},[56,87869,181],{"class":180},[56,87871,120],{"class":70},[56,87873,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87875,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87877,6484],{"class":70},[56,87879,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87893,87895,87897],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87881,87059],{"class":86554},[56,87883,98],{"class":70},[56,87885,70269],{"class":101},[56,87887,115],{"class":70},[56,87889,181],{"class":180},[56,87891,87892],{"class":184},"Third line",[56,87894,87072],{"class":34534},[56,87896,181],{"class":180},[56,87898,238],{"class":70},[20,87900,87901],{},"Important detail:",[143,87903,87904,87909,87916],{},[146,87905,87906,87908],{},[15,87907,86644],{}," writes a string",[146,87910,87911,14132,87913,87915],{},[15,87912,86644],{},[540,87914,931],{}," add a newline for you",[146,87917,87918,87919,87371],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87920,87072],{},[20,87922,87923,87924,2976,87928,98],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[36,87925,87927],{"href":87926},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[36,87929,87931],{"href":87930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[42,87933,87935],{"id":87934},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87937,87938],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1030,87940,87942],{"id":87941},"encodingutf-8",[15,87943,86889],{},[20,87945,87946],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[47,87948,87950],{"className":49,"code":87949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87951,87952,87995],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87953,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87955,86513],{"class":3965},[56,87957,86516],{"class":111},[56,87959,115],{"class":70},[56,87961,181],{"class":180},[56,87963,87964],{"class":184},"message.txt",[56,87966,181],{"class":180},[56,87968,78],{"class":70},[56,87970,191],{"class":180},[56,87972,60581],{"class":184},[56,87974,181],{"class":180},[56,87976,78],{"class":70},[56,87978,86538],{"class":9263},[56,87980,67],{"class":66},[56,87982,181],{"class":180},[56,87984,86545],{"class":184},[56,87986,181],{"class":180},[56,87988,120],{"class":70},[56,87990,47438],{"class":3965},[56,87992,86555],{"class":86554},[56,87994,6484],{"class":70},[56,87996,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,87998,8160],{"class":111},[56,88000,115],{"class":70},[56,88002,86661],{"class":86554},[56,88004,98],{"class":70},[56,88006,86571],{"class":101},[56,88008,7284],{"class":70},[20,88010,88011],{},"Why it matters:",[143,88013,88014,88017,88020],{},[146,88015,88016],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[146,88018,88019],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[146,88021,88022],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1030,88024,88026],{"id":88025},"newline",[15,88027,88025],{},[20,88029,88030],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88032,88033],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1030,88035,88037],{"id":88036},"buffering",[15,88038,88036],{},[20,88040,88041],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88043,88044],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[42,88046,88048],{"id":88047},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88050,88051],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1030,88053,88055],{"id":88054},"filenotfounderror",[15,88056,88057],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88059,88060],{},"This happens when:",[143,88062,88063,88066,88069],{},[146,88064,88065],{},"the file does not exist",[146,88067,88068],{},"the path is wrong",[146,88070,88071],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88073,163],{},[47,88075,88077],{"className":49,"code":88076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88078,88079,88122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88080,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88082,86513],{"class":3965},[56,88084,86516],{"class":111},[56,88086,115],{"class":70},[56,88088,181],{"class":180},[56,88090,88091],{"class":184},"missing.txt",[56,88093,181],{"class":180},[56,88095,78],{"class":70},[56,88097,191],{"class":180},[56,88099,60581],{"class":184},[56,88101,181],{"class":180},[56,88103,78],{"class":70},[56,88105,86538],{"class":9263},[56,88107,67],{"class":66},[56,88109,181],{"class":180},[56,88111,86545],{"class":184},[56,88113,181],{"class":180},[56,88115,120],{"class":70},[56,88117,47438],{"class":3965},[56,88119,86555],{"class":86554},[56,88121,6484],{"class":70},[56,88123,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88125,8160],{"class":111},[56,88127,115],{"class":70},[56,88129,86661],{"class":86554},[56,88131,98],{"class":70},[56,88133,86571],{"class":101},[56,88135,7284],{"class":70},[20,88137,88138,88139,4480,88147,98],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[36,88140,88142,88143,88146],{"href":88141},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[56,88144,88145],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[36,88148,88150],{"href":88149},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1030,88152,88154],{"id":88153},"permissionerror",[15,88155,88156],{},"PermissionError",[20,88158,88159],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88161,88162],{},"Example causes:",[143,88164,88165,88168,88171],{},[146,88166,88167],{},"the file is protected",[146,88169,88170],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[146,88172,88173],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88175,88176,88177],{},"Related page: ",[36,88178,88180,88181,88184],{"href":88179},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[56,88182,88183],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1030,88186,88188],{"id":88187},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88189,88190],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88192,88193],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88195,163],{},[47,88197,88199],{"className":49,"code":88198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88200,88201,88244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88202,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88204,86513],{"class":3965},[56,88206,86516],{"class":111},[56,88208,115],{"class":70},[56,88210,181],{"class":180},[56,88212,88213],{"class":184},"my_folder",[56,88215,181],{"class":180},[56,88217,78],{"class":70},[56,88219,191],{"class":180},[56,88221,60581],{"class":184},[56,88223,181],{"class":180},[56,88225,78],{"class":70},[56,88227,86538],{"class":9263},[56,88229,67],{"class":66},[56,88231,181],{"class":180},[56,88233,86545],{"class":184},[56,88235,181],{"class":180},[56,88237,120],{"class":70},[56,88239,47438],{"class":3965},[56,88241,86555],{"class":86554},[56,88243,6484],{"class":70},[56,88245,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88247,8160],{"class":111},[56,88249,115],{"class":70},[56,88251,86661],{"class":86554},[56,88253,98],{"class":70},[56,88255,86571],{"class":101},[56,88257,7284],{"class":70},[20,88259,88176,88260],{},[36,88261,88263,88264,88267],{"href":88262},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[56,88265,88266],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1030,88269,88271],{"id":88270},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88272,88273],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88275,88276,88277,98],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88278,86494],{},[20,88280,88176,88281],{},[36,88282,88284],{"href":88283},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[42,88286,88288],{"id":88287},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88290,88291,88292,88294],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88293,86494],{}," function.",[20,88296,88297],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[143,88299,88300,88303,88306,88312],{},[146,88301,88302],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[146,88304,88305],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[146,88307,88308,88309,88311],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88310,86494],{}," itself",[146,88313,88314,88315],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[36,88316,88318],{"href":88317},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[42,88320,1418],{"id":1417},[20,88322,88323,88324,141],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88325,86494],{},[143,88327,88328,88333,88339,88344,88347,88350],{},[146,88329,1441,88330,88332],{},[15,88331,86592],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[146,88334,88335,88336,88338],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88337,86793],{}," for text files",[146,88340,1441,88341,88343],{},[15,88342,86909],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[146,88345,88346],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[146,88348,88349],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[146,88351,88352],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88354,88355],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[47,88357,88359],{"className":49,"code":88358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88360,88361,88368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88362,88363,88365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88364,35171],{"class":3965},[56,88366,88367],{"class":62}," os\n",[56,88369,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88381],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88371,112],{"class":111},[56,88373,115],{"class":70},[56,88375,42705],{"class":101},[56,88377,98],{"class":70},[56,88379,88380],{"class":101},"getcwd",[56,88382,7284],{"class":70},[20,88384,88385],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[47,88387,88389],{"className":49,"code":88388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88390,88391,88397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88392,88393,88395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88394,35171],{"class":3965},[56,88396,88367],{"class":62},[56,88398,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407,88410,88412,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88400,112],{"class":111},[56,88402,115],{"class":70},[56,88404,42705],{"class":101},[56,88406,98],{"class":70},[56,88408,88409],{"class":24831},"path",[56,88411,98],{"class":70},[56,88413,88414],{"class":101},"exists",[56,88416,115],{"class":70},[56,88418,181],{"class":180},[56,88420,86523],{"class":184},[56,88422,181],{"class":180},[56,88424,1553],{"class":70},[20,88426,88427],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[47,88429,88431],{"className":49,"code":88430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88432,88433,88439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88434,88435,88437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88436,35171],{"class":3965},[56,88438,88367],{"class":62},[56,88440,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88442,112],{"class":111},[56,88444,115],{"class":70},[56,88446,42705],{"class":101},[56,88448,98],{"class":70},[56,88450,88409],{"class":24831},[56,88452,98],{"class":70},[56,88454,88455],{"class":101},"isfile",[56,88457,115],{"class":70},[56,88459,181],{"class":180},[56,88461,86523],{"class":184},[56,88463,181],{"class":180},[56,88465,1553],{"class":70},[20,88467,88468],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[47,88470,88472],{"className":49,"code":88471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88473,88474,88516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88475,88476,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88477,86513],{"class":3965},[56,88479,86516],{"class":111},[56,88481,115],{"class":70},[56,88483,181],{"class":180},[56,88485,86523],{"class":184},[56,88487,181],{"class":180},[56,88489,78],{"class":70},[56,88491,191],{"class":180},[56,88493,60581],{"class":184},[56,88495,181],{"class":180},[56,88497,78],{"class":70},[56,88499,86538],{"class":9263},[56,88501,67],{"class":66},[56,88503,181],{"class":180},[56,88505,86545],{"class":184},[56,88507,181],{"class":180},[56,88509,120],{"class":70},[56,88511,47438],{"class":3965},[56,88513,86555],{"class":86554},[56,88515,6484],{"class":70},[56,88517,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88519,8160],{"class":111},[56,88521,115],{"class":70},[56,88523,86661],{"class":86554},[56,88525,98],{"class":70},[56,88527,86571],{"class":101},[56,88529,7284],{"class":70},[20,88531,88532],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[42,88534,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,88536,88538],{"id":88537},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88540,88541],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1030,88543,88545],{"id":88544},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88547,88548,88549,88551],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88550,86513],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1030,88553,5268,88555,4480,88557,88559],{"id":88554},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88556,86909],{},[15,88558,18176],{}," mode?",[20,88561,88562,88564,88565,88567],{},[15,88563,86909],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88566,18176],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1030,88569,88571],{"id":88570},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88573,88574],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1030,88576,88578],{"id":88577},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88580,88581,88582,88584],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88583,86889],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[42,88586,1996],{"id":1995},[143,88588,88589,88593,88597,88601,88605,88609,88613,88619],{},[146,88590,88591],{},[36,88592,87722],{"href":87721},[146,88594,88595],{},[36,88596,87927],{"href":87926},[146,88598,88599],{},[36,88600,87931],{"href":87930},[146,88602,88603],{},[36,88604,87726],{"href":87725},[146,88606,88607],{},[36,88608,88318],{"href":88317},[146,88610,88611],{},[36,88612,88150],{"href":88149},[146,88614,88615],{},[36,88616,88142,88617,88146],{"href":88141},[56,88618,88145],{},[146,88620,88621],{},[36,88622,88180,88623,88184],{"href":88179},[56,88624,88183],{},[2028,88626,88627],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":88629},[88630,88631,88632,88633,88634,88635,88636,88641,88642,88647,88653,88654,88655,88663],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":86596,"depth":92,"text":86597},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":86893,"depth":92,"text":86894},{"id":87157,"depth":92,"text":87158},{"id":87281,"depth":92,"text":87282},{"id":87464,"depth":92,"text":87465,"children":88637},[88638,88639,88640],{"id":87474,"depth":108,"text":87475},{"id":87553,"depth":108,"text":87554},{"id":87636,"depth":108,"text":87637},{"id":87729,"depth":92,"text":87730},{"id":87934,"depth":92,"text":87935,"children":88643},[88644,88645,88646],{"id":87941,"depth":108,"text":86889},{"id":88025,"depth":108,"text":88025},{"id":88036,"depth":108,"text":88036},{"id":88047,"depth":92,"text":88048,"children":88648},[88649,88650,88651,88652],{"id":88054,"depth":108,"text":88057},{"id":88153,"depth":108,"text":88156},{"id":88187,"depth":108,"text":88190},{"id":88270,"depth":108,"text":88273},{"id":88287,"depth":92,"text":88288},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":88656},[88657,88658,88659,88661,88662],{"id":88537,"depth":108,"text":88538},{"id":88544,"depth":108,"text":88545},{"id":88554,"depth":108,"text":88660},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88570,"depth":108,"text":88571},{"id":88577,"depth":108,"text":88578},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86484,"description":88664},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88671,"title":88672,"body":88673,"description":90668,"extension":2062,"meta":90669,"navigation":600,"path":90670,"seo":90671,"stem":90672,"__hash__":90673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88674,"toc":90615},[88675,88680,88685,88691,88693,88761,88763,88782,88787,88792,88797,88800,88812,88814,88857,88859,88877,88888,88890,88892,88917,88919,88930,88932,88992,88994,89020,89023,89027,89032,89036,89039,89073,89077,89080,89105,89109,89132,89136,89169,89174,89178,89183,89186,89254,89256,89280,89285,89288,89319,89321,89353,89370,89374,89379,89403,89410,89415,89420,89423,89427,89462,89464,89473,89477,89568,89570,89601,89606,89613,89618,89627,89630,89664,89666,89680,89684,89725,89727,89736,89740,89788,89790,89804,89809,89820,89827,89833,89835,89870,89872,89886,89889,89911,89917,89946,89957,89963,89969,89983,89985,90064,90066,90116,90123,90125,90130,90134,90137,90152,90157,90159,90178,90184,90187,90202,90204,90222,90228,90233,90263,90266,90289,90292,90319,90326,90332,90340,90363,90368,90376,90378,90398,90402,90408,90458,90461,90483,90485,90491,90499,90505,90511,90519,90524,90528,90531,90554,90559,90566,90578,90580,90612],[10,88676,2009,88678,3673],{"id":88677},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88679,46532],{},[20,88681,32400,88682,88684],{},[15,88683,46532],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88686,88687,88688,88690],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88689,46532],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[42,88692,2104],{"id":2103},[47,88694,88696],{"className":49,"code":88695,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88697,88698,88710,88719,88723,88733,88743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88699,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88701,7967],{"class":62},[56,88703,67],{"class":66},[56,88705,191],{"class":180},[56,88707,8012],{"class":184},[56,88709,1476],{"class":180},[56,88711,88712,88714,88716],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88713,21709],{"class":62},[56,88715,67],{"class":66},[56,88717,88718],{"class":74}," 12\n",[56,88720,88721],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,88722,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,88724,88725,88727,88729,88731],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,88726,112],{"class":111},[56,88728,115],{"class":70},[56,88730,7759],{"class":101},[56,88732,238],{"class":70},[56,88734,88735,88737,88739,88741],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,88736,112],{"class":111},[56,88738,115],{"class":70},[56,88740,9387],{"class":101},[56,88742,238],{"class":70},[56,88744,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757,88759],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,88746,112],{"class":111},[56,88748,115],{"class":70},[56,88750,181],{"class":180},[56,88752,34947],{"class":184},[56,88754,181],{"class":180},[56,88756,78],{"class":70},[56,88758,36073],{"class":101},[56,88760,238],{"class":70},[20,88762,241],{},[47,88764,88766],{"className":49,"code":88765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88767,88768,88773,88777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88769,88770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88771,88772],{"class":62},"Mia\n",[56,88774,88775],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88776,2323],{"class":74},[56,88778,88779],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,88780,88781],{"class":62},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88783,650,88784,88786],{},[15,88785,46532],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[42,88788,133,88790,136],{"id":88789},"what-print-does",[15,88791,46532],{},[20,88793,88794,88796],{},[15,88795,46532],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88798,88799],{},"You can use it to display:",[143,88801,88802,88804,88806,88809],{},[146,88803,1481],{},[146,88805,95],{},[146,88807,88808],{},"variables",[146,88810,88811],{},"expressions",[20,88813,163],{},[47,88815,88817],{"className":49,"code":88816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88818,88819,88833,88843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88820,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88822,112],{"class":111},[56,88824,115],{"class":70},[56,88826,181],{"class":180},[56,88828,34947],{"class":184},[56,88830,181],{"class":180},[56,88832,238],{"class":70},[56,88834,88835,88837,88839,88841],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88836,112],{"class":111},[56,88838,115],{"class":70},[56,88840,2235],{"class":74},[56,88842,238],{"class":70},[56,88844,88845,88847,88849,88851,88853,88855],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,88846,112],{"class":111},[56,88848,115],{"class":70},[56,88850,1097],{"class":74},[56,88852,2551],{"class":66},[56,88854,86],{"class":74},[56,88856,238],{"class":70},[20,88858,241],{},[47,88860,88862],{"className":49,"code":88861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88863,88864,88869,88873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88865,88866],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88867,88868],{"class":62},"Hello\n",[56,88870,88871],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88872,3045],{"class":74},[56,88874,88875],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,88876,3045],{"class":74},[20,88878,88879,88880,88882,88883,88887],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88881,46532],{}," ",[540,88884,3781,88885],{},[15,88886,157],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[42,88889,289],{"id":288},[20,88891,30807],{},[47,88893,88895],{"className":49,"code":88894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88896,88897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88898,88899,88901,88903,88906,88908,88911,88913,88915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88900,112],{"class":111},[56,88902,115],{"class":70},[56,88904,88905],{"class":101},"object1",[56,88907,78],{"class":70},[56,88909,88910],{"class":101}," object2",[56,88912,78],{"class":70},[56,88914,34535],{"class":111},[56,88916,238],{"class":70},[20,88918,80122],{},[143,88920,88921,88924,88927],{},[146,88922,88923],{},"one value",[146,88925,88926],{},"many values",[146,88928,88929],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88931,163],{},[47,88933,88935],{"className":49,"code":88934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88936,88937,88951,88970],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88938,88939,88941,88943,88945,88947,88949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88940,112],{"class":111},[56,88942,115],{"class":70},[56,88944,181],{"class":180},[56,88946,57843],{"class":184},[56,88948,181],{"class":180},[56,88950,238],{"class":70},[56,88952,88953,88955,88957,88959,88962,88964,88966,88968],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,88954,112],{"class":111},[56,88956,115],{"class":70},[56,88958,181],{"class":180},[56,88960,88961],{"class":184},"Score:",[56,88963,181],{"class":180},[56,88965,78],{"class":70},[56,88967,508],{"class":74},[56,88969,238],{"class":70},[56,88971,88972,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,88973,112],{"class":111},[56,88975,115],{"class":70},[56,88977,181],{"class":180},[56,88979,45644],{"class":184},[56,88981,181],{"class":180},[56,88983,78],{"class":70},[56,88985,2554],{"class":74},[56,88987,2551],{"class":66},[56,88989,37722],{"class":74},[56,88991,238],{"class":70},[20,88993,241],{},[47,88995,88997],{"className":49,"code":88996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88998,88999,89003,89012],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89000,89001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89002,85275],{"class":62},[56,89004,89005,89008,89010],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89006,89007],{"class":62},"Score",[56,89009,141],{"class":70},[56,89011,2685],{"class":74},[56,89013,89014,89016,89018],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,89015,45684],{"class":62},[56,89017,141],{"class":70},[56,89019,2685],{"class":74},[20,89021,89022],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[42,89024,89026],{"id":89025},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89028,89029,89030,98],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89031,46532],{},[1030,89033,89035],{"id":89034},"print-text","Print text",[20,89037,89038],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[47,89040,89042],{"className":49,"code":89041,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89043,89044,89058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89045,89046,89048,89050,89052,89054,89056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89047,112],{"class":111},[56,89049,115],{"class":70},[56,89051,181],{"class":180},[56,89053,34947],{"class":184},[56,89055,181],{"class":180},[56,89057,238],{"class":70},[56,89059,89060,89062,89064,89066,89069,89071],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89061,112],{"class":111},[56,89063,115],{"class":70},[56,89065,181],{"class":180},[56,89067,89068],{"class":184},"Python is fun",[56,89070,181],{"class":180},[56,89072,238],{"class":70},[1030,89074,89076],{"id":89075},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89078,89079],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[47,89081,89083],{"className":49,"code":89082,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89084,89085,89095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89086,89087,89089,89091,89093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89088,112],{"class":111},[56,89090,115],{"class":70},[56,89092,2235],{"class":74},[56,89094,238],{"class":70},[56,89096,89097,89099,89101,89103],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89098,112],{"class":111},[56,89100,115],{"class":70},[56,89102,40223],{"class":74},[56,89104,238],{"class":70},[1030,89106,89108],{"id":89107},"print-variables","Print variables",[47,89110,89112],{"className":49,"code":89111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89113,89114,89122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89115,89116,89118,89120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89117,5183],{"class":62},[56,89119,67],{"class":66},[56,89121,14209],{"class":74},[56,89123,89124,89126,89128,89130],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89125,112],{"class":111},[56,89127,115],{"class":70},[56,89129,85439],{"class":101},[56,89131,238],{"class":70},[1030,89133,89135],{"id":89134},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[47,89137,89139],{"className":49,"code":89138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89140,89141,89155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89142,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89144,112],{"class":111},[56,89146,115],{"class":70},[56,89148,1097],{"class":74},[56,89150,2551],{"class":66},[56,89152,86],{"class":74},[56,89154,238],{"class":70},[56,89156,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89158,112],{"class":111},[56,89160,115],{"class":70},[56,89162,444],{"class":74},[56,89164,82751],{"class":66},[56,89166,2554],{"class":74},[56,89168,238],{"class":70},[20,89170,89171,89172,98],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[36,89173,51057],{"href":51056},[42,89175,89177],{"id":89176},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89179,89180,89182],{},[15,89181,46532],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89184,89185],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[47,89187,89189],{"className":49,"code":89188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89190,89191,89204,89212,89216,89235],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89192,89193,89195,89197,89199,89202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89194,7967],{"class":62},[56,89196,67],{"class":66},[56,89198,191],{"class":180},[56,89200,89201],{"class":184},"Ava",[56,89203,1476],{"class":180},[56,89205,89206,89208,89210],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89207,21709],{"class":62},[56,89209,67],{"class":66},[56,89211,2685],{"class":74},[56,89213,89214],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,89215,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,89217,89218,89220,89222,89224,89227,89229,89231,89233],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,89219,112],{"class":111},[56,89221,115],{"class":70},[56,89223,181],{"class":180},[56,89225,89226],{"class":184},"Name:",[56,89228,181],{"class":180},[56,89230,78],{"class":70},[56,89232,36073],{"class":101},[56,89234,238],{"class":70},[56,89236,89237,89239,89241,89243,89246,89248,89250,89252],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,89238,112],{"class":111},[56,89240,115],{"class":70},[56,89242,181],{"class":180},[56,89244,89245],{"class":184},"Age:",[56,89247,181],{"class":180},[56,89249,78],{"class":70},[56,89251,9276],{"class":101},[56,89253,238],{"class":70},[20,89255,241],{},[47,89257,89259],{"className":49,"code":89258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89260,89261,89271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89262,89263,89266,89268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89264,89265],{"class":62},"Name",[56,89267,141],{"class":70},[56,89269,89270],{"class":62}," Ava\n",[56,89272,89273,89276,89278],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89274,89275],{"class":62},"Age",[56,89277,141],{"class":70},[56,89279,2685],{"class":74},[20,89281,89282,89283,98],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89284,2159],{},[20,89286,89287],{},"For example, this works:",[47,89289,89291],{"className":49,"code":89290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89292,89293,89301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89294,89295,89297,89299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89296,21709],{"class":62},[56,89298,67],{"class":66},[56,89300,2685],{"class":74},[56,89302,89303,89305,89307,89309,89311,89313,89315,89317],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89304,112],{"class":111},[56,89306,115],{"class":70},[56,89308,181],{"class":180},[56,89310,89245],{"class":184},[56,89312,181],{"class":180},[56,89314,78],{"class":70},[56,89316,9276],{"class":101},[56,89318,238],{"class":70},[20,89320,37005],{},[47,89322,89324],{"className":49,"code":89323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89325,89326,89334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89327,89328,89330,89332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89329,21709],{"class":62},[56,89331,67],{"class":66},[56,89333,2685],{"class":74},[56,89335,89336,89338,89340,89342,89345,89347,89349,89351],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89337,112],{"class":111},[56,89339,115],{"class":70},[56,89341,181],{"class":180},[56,89343,89344],{"class":184},"Age: ",[56,89346,181],{"class":180},[56,89348,2551],{"class":66},[56,89350,9276],{"class":101},[56,89352,238],{"class":70},[20,89354,89355,89356,89359,89360,89362,89363,89365,89366,98],{},"That fails because ",[15,89357,89358],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89361,9387],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89364,2159],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[36,89367,89368],{"href":42254},[15,89369,47764],{},[42,89371,89373],{"id":89372},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89375,89376,89378],{},[15,89377,46532],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[143,89380,89381,89387,89392,89397],{},[146,89382,89383,89386],{},[15,89384,89385],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[146,89388,89389,89391],{},[15,89390,52742],{}," controls what is added after the output",[146,89393,89394,89396],{},[15,89395,86661],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[146,89398,89399,89402],{},[15,89400,89401],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89404,89405,89406,4480,89408,98],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89407,89385],{},[15,89409,52742],{},[42,89411,89413,36694],{"id":89412},"sep-argument",[15,89414,89385],{},[20,89416,2079,89417,89419],{},[15,89418,89385],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89421,89422],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1030,89424,89426],{"id":89425},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[47,89428,89430],{"className":49,"code":89429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89431,89432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89433,89434,89436,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89435,112],{"class":111},[56,89437,115],{"class":70},[56,89439,181],{"class":180},[56,89441,343],{"class":184},[56,89443,181],{"class":180},[56,89445,78],{"class":70},[56,89447,191],{"class":180},[56,89449,352],{"class":184},[56,89451,181],{"class":180},[56,89453,78],{"class":70},[56,89455,191],{"class":180},[56,89457,361],{"class":184},[56,89459,181],{"class":180},[56,89461,238],{"class":70},[20,89463,241],{},[47,89465,89467],{"className":49,"code":89466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red green blue\n",[15,89468,89469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89470,89471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89472,89466],{"class":62},[1030,89474,89476],{"id":89475},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[47,89478,89480],{"className":49,"code":89479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89481,89482,89525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89483,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89485,112],{"class":111},[56,89487,115],{"class":70},[56,89489,181],{"class":180},[56,89491,343],{"class":184},[56,89493,181],{"class":180},[56,89495,78],{"class":70},[56,89497,191],{"class":180},[56,89499,352],{"class":184},[56,89501,181],{"class":180},[56,89503,78],{"class":70},[56,89505,191],{"class":180},[56,89507,361],{"class":184},[56,89509,181],{"class":180},[56,89511,78],{"class":70},[56,89513,89514],{"class":9263}," sep",[56,89516,67],{"class":66},[56,89518,181],{"class":180},[56,89520,78],{"class":184},[56,89522,181],{"class":180},[56,89524,238],{"class":70},[56,89526,89527,89529,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89564,89566],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89528,112],{"class":111},[56,89530,115],{"class":70},[56,89532,181],{"class":180},[56,89534,343],{"class":184},[56,89536,181],{"class":180},[56,89538,78],{"class":70},[56,89540,191],{"class":180},[56,89542,352],{"class":184},[56,89544,181],{"class":180},[56,89546,78],{"class":70},[56,89548,191],{"class":180},[56,89550,361],{"class":184},[56,89552,181],{"class":180},[56,89554,78],{"class":70},[56,89556,89514],{"class":9263},[56,89558,67],{"class":66},[56,89560,181],{"class":180},[56,89562,89563],{"class":184}," - ",[56,89565,181],{"class":180},[56,89567,238],{"class":70},[20,89569,241],{},[47,89571,89573],{"className":49,"code":89572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89574,89575,89587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89576,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89578,343],{"class":62},[56,89580,78],{"class":70},[56,89582,352],{"class":62},[56,89584,78],{"class":70},[56,89586,70055],{"class":62},[56,89588,89589,89592,89594,89597,89599],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89590,89591],{"class":62},"red ",[56,89593,709],{"class":66},[56,89595,89596],{"class":62}," green ",[56,89598,709],{"class":66},[56,89600,35962],{"class":62},[20,89602,89603,89605],{},[15,89604,89385],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89607,89608,89609,98],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[36,89610,89612],{"href":89611},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[42,89614,89616,36694],{"id":89615},"end-argument",[15,89617,52742],{},[20,89619,89620,89621,89623,89624,89626],{},"By default, ",[15,89622,46532],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89625,46532],{}," starts on a new line.",[1030,89628,89426],{"id":89629},"default-behavior-1",[47,89631,89633],{"className":49,"code":89632,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89634,89635,89649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89636,89637,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89638,112],{"class":111},[56,89640,115],{"class":70},[56,89642,181],{"class":180},[56,89644,34947],{"class":184},[56,89646,181],{"class":180},[56,89648,238],{"class":70},[56,89650,89651,89653,89655,89657,89660,89662],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89652,112],{"class":111},[56,89654,115],{"class":70},[56,89656,181],{"class":180},[56,89658,89659],{"class":184},"World",[56,89661,181],{"class":180},[56,89663,238],{"class":70},[20,89665,241],{},[47,89667,89669],{"className":49,"code":89668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89670,89671,89675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89672,89673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89674,88868],{"class":62},[56,89676,89677],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89678,89679],{"class":62},"World\n",[1030,89681,89683],{"id":89682},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[47,89685,89687],{"className":49,"code":89686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89688,89689,89711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89690,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89692,112],{"class":111},[56,89694,115],{"class":70},[56,89696,181],{"class":180},[56,89698,34947],{"class":184},[56,89700,181],{"class":180},[56,89702,78],{"class":70},[56,89704,65114],{"class":9263},[56,89706,67],{"class":66},[56,89708,6362],{"class":180},[56,89710,238],{"class":70},[56,89712,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89714,112],{"class":111},[56,89716,115],{"class":70},[56,89718,181],{"class":180},[56,89720,89659],{"class":184},[56,89722,181],{"class":180},[56,89724,238],{"class":70},[20,89726,241],{},[47,89728,89730],{"className":49,"code":89729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89731,89732],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89733,89734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89735,89729],{"class":62},[1030,89737,89739],{"id":89738},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[47,89741,89743],{"className":49,"code":89742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89744,89745,89774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89746,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89768,89770,89772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89748,112],{"class":111},[56,89750,115],{"class":70},[56,89752,181],{"class":180},[56,89754,34947],{"class":184},[56,89756,181],{"class":180},[56,89758,78],{"class":70},[56,89760,65114],{"class":9263},[56,89762,67],{"class":66},[56,89764,181],{"class":180},[56,89766,89767],{"class":184},"!",[56,89769,87072],{"class":34534},[56,89771,181],{"class":180},[56,89773,238],{"class":70},[56,89775,89776,89778,89780,89782,89784,89786],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89777,112],{"class":111},[56,89779,115],{"class":70},[56,89781,181],{"class":180},[56,89783,89659],{"class":184},[56,89785,181],{"class":180},[56,89787,238],{"class":70},[20,89789,241],{},[47,89791,89793],{"className":49,"code":89792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89794,89795,89800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89796,89797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89798,89799],{"class":62},"Hello!\n",[56,89801,89802],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89803,89679],{"class":62},[20,89805,2079,89806,89808],{},[15,89807,52742],{}," argument is useful for:",[143,89810,89811,89814,89817],{},[146,89812,89813],{},"progress messages",[146,89815,89816],{},"inline output",[146,89818,89819],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[42,89821,89823,2494,89825],{"id":89822},"print-returns-none",[15,89824,46532],{},[15,89826,157],{},[20,89828,89829,89830,89832],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89831,46532],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89834,163],{},[47,89836,89838],{"className":49,"code":89837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89839,89840,89860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89841,89842,89844,89846,89849,89851,89853,89856,89858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89843,1156],{"class":62},[56,89845,67],{"class":66},[56,89847,89848],{"class":111}," print",[56,89850,115],{"class":70},[56,89852,181],{"class":180},[56,89854,89855],{"class":184},"Hi",[56,89857,181],{"class":180},[56,89859,238],{"class":70},[56,89861,89862,89864,89866,89868],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89863,112],{"class":111},[56,89865,115],{"class":70},[56,89867,1190],{"class":101},[56,89869,238],{"class":70},[20,89871,241],{},[47,89873,89875],{"className":49,"code":89874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89876,89877,89882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89878,89879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89880,89881],{"class":62},"Hi\n",[56,89883,89884],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89885,894],{"class":893},[20,89887,89888],{},"Why does this happen?",[143,89890,89891,89899,89904],{},[146,89892,89893,89896,89897],{},[15,89894,89895],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89898,89855],{},[146,89900,89901,89902],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89903,157],{},[146,89905,89906,89907,12003,89909],{},"so ",[15,89908,1190],{},[15,89910,157],{},[20,89912,89913,89914,89916],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89915,46532],{}," call.",[47,89918,89920],{"className":49,"code":89919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89921,89922,89935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89923,89924,89927,89929,89931,89933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89925,89926],{"class":62},"message ",[56,89928,67],{"class":66},[56,89930,191],{"class":180},[56,89932,89855],{"class":184},[56,89934,1476],{"class":180},[56,89936,89937,89939,89941,89944],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,89938,112],{"class":111},[56,89940,115],{"class":70},[56,89942,89943],{"class":101},"message",[56,89945,238],{"class":70},[20,89947,89948,89949,89951,89952,89956],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89950,46532],{}," with functions like ",[36,89953,89954],{"href":8310},[15,89955,3056],{},", which do return a value.",[42,89958,89960,89961],{"id":89959},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89962,46532],{},[20,89964,89965,89966,89968],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89967,46532],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[143,89970,89971,89974,89977,89980],{},[146,89972,89973],{},"to display results to the user",[146,89975,89976],{},"to show messages in a script",[146,89978,89979],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[146,89981,89982],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89984,163],{},[47,89986,89988],{"className":49,"code":89987,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89989,89990,89998,90002,90022,90033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89991,89992,89994,89996],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89993,41262],{"class":62},[56,89995,67],{"class":66},[56,89997,38592],{"class":74},[56,89999,90000],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90001,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,90003,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90005,6048],{"class":3965},[56,90007,6477],{"class":62},[56,90009,3972],{"class":3965},[56,90011,54150],{"class":111},[56,90013,115],{"class":70},[56,90015,75],{"class":74},[56,90017,78],{"class":70},[56,90019,2554],{"class":74},[56,90021,8431],{"class":70},[56,90023,90024,90027,90030],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,90025,90026],{"class":62},"    total ",[56,90028,90029],{"class":66},"+=",[56,90031,90032],{"class":62}," number\n",[56,90034,90035,90037,90039,90041,90044,90046,90048,90050,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,90036,8160],{"class":111},[56,90038,115],{"class":70},[56,90040,181],{"class":180},[56,90042,90043],{"class":184},"Current number:",[56,90045,181],{"class":180},[56,90047,78],{"class":70},[56,90049,2295],{"class":101},[56,90051,78],{"class":70},[56,90053,191],{"class":180},[56,90055,45644],{"class":184},[56,90057,181],{"class":180},[56,90059,78],{"class":70},[56,90061,45651],{"class":101},[56,90063,238],{"class":70},[20,90065,241],{},[47,90067,90069],{"className":49,"code":90068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90070,90071,90087,90101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90072,90073,90076,90078,90080,90083,90085],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90074,90075],{"class":62},"Current number",[56,90077,141],{"class":70},[56,90079,910],{"class":74},[56,90081,90082],{"class":62}," Total",[56,90084,141],{"class":70},[56,90086,29696],{"class":74},[56,90088,90089,90091,90093,90095,90097,90099],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90090,90075],{"class":62},[56,90092,141],{"class":70},[56,90094,81],{"class":74},[56,90096,90082],{"class":62},[56,90098,141],{"class":70},[56,90100,2675],{"class":74},[56,90102,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90104,90075],{"class":62},[56,90106,141],{"class":70},[56,90108,86],{"class":74},[56,90110,90082],{"class":62},[56,90112,141],{"class":70},[56,90114,90115],{"class":74}," 6\n",[20,90117,90118,90119,98],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[36,90120,90122],{"href":90121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[42,90124,1418],{"id":1417},[20,90126,90127,90128,98],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90129,46532],{},[1030,90131,90133],{"id":90132},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90135,90136],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[47,90138,90140],{"className":49,"code":90139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90141,90142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90143,90144,90146,90148,90150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90145,112],{"class":111},[56,90147,115],{"class":70},[56,90149,34947],{"class":101},[56,90151,238],{"class":70},[20,90153,8962,90154,90156],{},[15,90155,34947],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90158,10895],{},[47,90160,90162],{"className":49,"code":90161,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90163,90164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90165,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90167,112],{"class":111},[56,90169,115],{"class":70},[56,90171,181],{"class":180},[56,90173,34947],{"class":184},[56,90175,181],{"class":180},[56,90177,238],{"class":70},[1030,90179,1441,90181,90183],{"id":90180},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90182,112],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90185,90186],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[47,90188,90190],{"className":49,"code":90189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90191,90192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90193,90194,90196,90198,90200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90195,112],{"class":111},[56,90197,191],{"class":180},[56,90199,34947],{"class":184},[56,90201,1476],{"class":180},[20,90203,10895],{},[47,90205,90206],{"className":49,"code":90161,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,90207,90208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90209,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90211,112],{"class":111},[56,90213,115],{"class":70},[56,90215,181],{"class":180},[56,90217,34947],{"class":184},[56,90219,181],{"class":180},[56,90221,238],{"class":70},[1030,90223,90225,90226],{"id":90224},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90227,2159],{},[20,90229,90230,90231,98],{},"This causes a ",[15,90232,3103],{},[47,90234,90235],{"className":49,"code":89323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,90236,90237,90245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90238,90239,90241,90243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90240,21709],{"class":62},[56,90242,67],{"class":66},[56,90244,2685],{"class":74},[56,90246,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90248,112],{"class":111},[56,90250,115],{"class":70},[56,90252,181],{"class":180},[56,90254,89344],{"class":184},[56,90256,181],{"class":180},[56,90258,2551],{"class":66},[56,90260,9276],{"class":101},[56,90262,238],{"class":70},[20,90264,90265],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[47,90267,90269],{"className":49,"code":90268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90270,90271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90272,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285,90287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90274,112],{"class":111},[56,90276,115],{"class":70},[56,90278,181],{"class":180},[56,90280,89245],{"class":184},[56,90282,181],{"class":180},[56,90284,78],{"class":70},[56,90286,9276],{"class":101},[56,90288,238],{"class":70},[20,90290,90291],{},"Or convert the number first:",[47,90293,90295],{"className":49,"code":90294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90296,90297],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90298,90299,90301,90303,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90300,112],{"class":111},[56,90302,115],{"class":70},[56,90304,181],{"class":180},[56,90306,89344],{"class":184},[56,90308,181],{"class":180},[56,90310,2551],{"class":66},[56,90312,48985],{"class":1545},[56,90314,115],{"class":70},[56,90316,9387],{"class":101},[56,90318,1553],{"class":70},[20,90320,90321,90322,98],{},"If you see this error, read ",[36,90323,90325],{"href":90324},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1030,90327,1435,90329,90331],{"id":90328},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90330,46532],{}," to return a value",[20,90333,90334,90335,35410,90338,141],{},"This does not store ",[15,90336,90337],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90339,1190],{},[47,90341,90343],{"className":49,"code":90342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90344,90345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90346,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357,90359,90361],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90348,1156],{"class":62},[56,90350,67],{"class":66},[56,90352,89848],{"class":111},[56,90354,115],{"class":70},[56,90356,181],{"class":180},[56,90358,34947],{"class":184},[56,90360,181],{"class":180},[56,90362,238],{"class":70},[20,90364,90365,90366,98],{},"It stores ",[15,90367,157],{},[1030,90369,90371,90372,4480,90374],{"id":90370},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90373,89385],{},[15,90375,52742],{},[20,90377,85731],{},[143,90379,90380,90389],{},[146,90381,90382,90384,90385,90388],{},[15,90383,89385],{}," changes what goes ",[540,90386,90387],{},"between"," multiple values",[146,90390,90391,90393,90394,90397],{},[15,90392,52742],{}," changes what appears ",[540,90395,90396],{},"after"," the output",[42,90399,90401],{"id":90400},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90403,90404,90405,90407],{},"These simple ",[15,90406,46532],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[47,90409,90411],{"className":49,"code":90410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90412,90413,90433,90448],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90414,90415,90417,90419,90421,90424,90426,90428,90431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90416,112],{"class":111},[56,90418,115],{"class":70},[56,90420,181],{"class":180},[56,90422,90423],{"class":184},"Debug:",[56,90425,181],{"class":180},[56,90427,78],{"class":70},[56,90429,90430],{"class":101}," variable_name",[56,90432,238],{"class":70},[56,90434,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443,90446],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90436,112],{"class":111},[56,90438,115],{"class":70},[56,90440,1546],{"class":1545},[56,90442,115],{"class":70},[56,90444,90445],{"class":101},"variable_name",[56,90447,1553],{"class":70},[56,90449,90450,90452,90454,90456],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90451,32235],{"class":111},[56,90453,115],{"class":70},[56,90455,112],{"class":111},[56,90457,238],{"class":70},[20,90459,90460],{},"What they do:",[143,90462,90463,90469,90475],{},[146,90464,90465,90468],{},[15,90466,90467],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[146,90470,90471,90474],{},[15,90472,90473],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[146,90476,90477,90480,90481],{},[15,90478,90479],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90482,46532],{},[42,90484,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,90486,1892,90488,90490],{"id":90487},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90489,46532],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90492,90493,90494,90496,90497,36700],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90495,46532],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90498,52742],{},[1030,90500,5258,90502,90504],{"id":90501},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90503,46532],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90506,90507,90508,90510],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90509,46532],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1030,90512,5246,90514,5249,90517,1911],{"id":90513},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90515,90516],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90518,157],{},[20,90520,29142,90521,90523],{},[15,90522,46532],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1030,90525,90527],{"id":90526},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90529,90530],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[47,90532,90534],{"className":49,"code":90533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90535,90536],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90537,90538,90540,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550,90552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90539,112],{"class":111},[56,90541,115],{"class":70},[56,90543,181],{"class":180},[56,90545,89245],{"class":184},[56,90547,181],{"class":180},[56,90549,78],{"class":70},[56,90551,508],{"class":74},[56,90553,238],{"class":70},[20,90555,90556,90557,40009],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90558,47764],{},[1030,90560,5268,90562,4480,90564,1911],{"id":90561},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90563,89385],{},[15,90565,52742],{},[143,90567,90568,90573],{},[146,90569,90570,90572],{},[15,90571,89385],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[146,90574,90575,90577],{},[15,90576,52742],{}," changes what appears after the output",[42,90579,1996],{"id":1995},[143,90581,90582,90586,90592,90598,90603,90608],{},[146,90583,90584],{},[36,90585,51057],{"href":51056},[146,90587,90588],{},[36,90589,2009,90590,2012],{"href":8310},[15,90591,3056],{},[146,90593,90594],{},[36,90595,2009,90596,2012],{"href":42254},[15,90597,47764],{},[146,90599,90600],{},[36,90601,90602],{"href":89611},"How to format strings in Python",[146,90604,90605],{},[36,90606,90607],{"href":90121},"How to debug Python code",[146,90609,90610],{},[36,90611,90325],{"href":90324},[2028,90613,90614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":90616},[90617,90618,90620,90621,90627,90628,90629,90634,90640,90642,90644,90655,90656,90667],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":88789,"depth":92,"text":90619},"What print() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":89025,"depth":92,"text":89026,"children":90622},[90623,90624,90625,90626],{"id":89034,"depth":108,"text":89035},{"id":89075,"depth":108,"text":89076},{"id":89107,"depth":108,"text":89108},{"id":89134,"depth":108,"text":89135},{"id":89176,"depth":92,"text":89177},{"id":89372,"depth":92,"text":89373},{"id":89412,"depth":92,"text":90630,"children":90631},"sep argument",[90632,90633],{"id":89425,"depth":108,"text":89426},{"id":89475,"depth":108,"text":89476},{"id":89615,"depth":92,"text":90635,"children":90636},"end argument",[90637,90638,90639],{"id":89629,"depth":108,"text":89426},{"id":89682,"depth":108,"text":89683},{"id":89738,"depth":108,"text":89739},{"id":89822,"depth":92,"text":90641},"print() returns None",{"id":89959,"depth":92,"text":90643},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":90645},[90646,90647,90649,90651,90653],{"id":90132,"depth":108,"text":90133},{"id":90180,"depth":108,"text":90648},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90224,"depth":108,"text":90650},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90328,"depth":108,"text":90652},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90370,"depth":108,"text":90654},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90400,"depth":92,"text":90401},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":90657},[90658,90660,90662,90664,90665],{"id":90487,"depth":108,"text":90659},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90501,"depth":108,"text":90661},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90513,"depth":108,"text":90663},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90526,"depth":108,"text":90527},{"id":90561,"depth":108,"text":90666},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88672,"description":90668},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90675,"title":90676,"body":90677,"description":92981,"extension":2062,"meta":92982,"navigation":600,"path":92983,"seo":92984,"stem":92985,"__hash__":92986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90678,"toc":92927},[90679,90684,90689,90702,90704,90769,90780,90785,90790,90792,90815,90818,90849,90851,90868,90873,90879,90884,90933,90936,90953,90959,90964,90987,90989,91017,91023,91031,91058,91060,91085,91091,91094,91125,91127,91156,91160,91163,91168,91190,91192,91220,91226,91232,91258,91260,91284,91290,91296,91326,91328,91356,91366,91370,91376,91409,91411,91440,91443,91446,91479,91481,91489,91495,91497,91520,91525,91534,91539,91553,91555,91595,91597,91627,91631,91666,91672,91676,91720,91722,91752,91758,91761,91840,91842,91864,91872,91875,91938,91946,92021,92027,92034,92039,92044,92067,92069,92090,92092,92105,92107,92154,92156,92195,92204,92206,92210,92214,92217,92244,92247,92276,92279,92303,92306,92314,92320,92342,92344,92372,92376,92381,92436,92441,92443,92500,92507,92516,92519,92551,92553,92561,92564,92570,92572,92595,92598,92604,92607,92626,92628,92647,92650,92672,92674,92702,92706,92710,92815,92817,92830,92832,92838,92841,92849,92854,92860,92866,92871,92879,92885,92892,92894,92924],[10,90680,2009,90682,3673],{"id":90681},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90683,36278],{},[20,90685,32400,90686,90688],{},[15,90687,36278],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90690,90691,90692,90694,90695,90697,90698,90701],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90693,6048],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90696,36278],{}," stops ",[540,90699,90700],{},"before"," the end value.",[42,90703,2104],{"id":2103},[47,90705,90707],{"className":49,"code":90706,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90708,90709,90725,90735,90739,90744,90749,90754,90759,90764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90710,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90712,6048],{"class":3965},[56,90714,69622],{"class":62},[56,90716,3972],{"class":3965},[56,90718,54150],{"class":111},[56,90720,115],{"class":70},[56,90722,2235],{"class":74},[56,90724,8431],{"class":70},[56,90726,90727,90729,90731,90733],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90728,8160],{"class":111},[56,90730,115],{"class":70},[56,90732,36234],{"class":101},[56,90734,238],{"class":70},[56,90736,90737],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90738,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,90740,90741],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,90742,90743],{"class":123},"# Output:\n",[56,90745,90746],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,90747,90748],{"class":123},"# 0\n",[56,90750,90751],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,90752,90753],{"class":123},"# 1\n",[56,90755,90756],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,90757,90758],{"class":123},"# 2\n",[56,90760,90761],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,90762,90763],{"class":123},"# 3\n",[56,90765,90766],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,90767,90768],{"class":123},"# 4\n",[20,90770,90771,90774,90775,90777,90778,98],{},[15,90772,90773],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90776,2218],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90779,2235],{},[42,90781,133,90783,136],{"id":90782},"what-range-does",[15,90784,36278],{},[20,90786,90787,90789],{},[15,90788,36278],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90791,311],{},[143,90793,90794,90799,90805,90810],{},[146,90795,90796,90798],{},[15,90797,36278],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[146,90800,90801,90802,90804],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90803,6048],{}," loops",[146,90806,90807,90808],{},"The stop value is ",[540,90809,65143],{},[146,90811,17503,90812,90814],{},[15,90813,60074],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90816,90817],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[47,90819,90821],{"className":49,"code":90820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90822,90823,90839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90824,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90826,6048],{"class":3965},[56,90828,6477],{"class":62},[56,90830,3972],{"class":3965},[56,90832,54150],{"class":111},[56,90834,115],{"class":70},[56,90836,901],{"class":74},[56,90838,8431],{"class":70},[56,90840,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90842,8160],{"class":111},[56,90844,115],{"class":70},[56,90846,2337],{"class":101},[56,90848,238],{"class":70},[20,90850,241],{},[47,90852,90854],{"className":49,"code":90853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90855,90856,90860,90864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90857,90858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90859,47332],{"class":74},[56,90861,90862],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90863,46997],{"class":74},[56,90865,90866],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90867,17137],{"class":74},[20,90869,90870,90871,98],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[36,90872,36110],{"href":36109},[42,90874,90876,90878],{"id":90875},"range-syntax",[15,90877,36278],{}," syntax",[20,90880,90881,90883],{},[15,90882,36278],{}," has three common forms:",[47,90885,90887],{"className":49,"code":90886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90888,90889,90899,90914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90890,90891,90893,90895,90897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90892,60074],{"class":111},[56,90894,115],{"class":70},[56,90896,75345],{"class":101},[56,90898,238],{"class":70},[56,90900,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90912],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,90902,60074],{"class":111},[56,90904,115],{"class":70},[56,90906,36154],{"class":101},[56,90908,78],{"class":70},[56,90910,90911],{"class":101}," stop",[56,90913,238],{"class":70},[56,90915,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90931],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,90917,60074],{"class":111},[56,90919,115],{"class":70},[56,90921,36154],{"class":101},[56,90923,78],{"class":70},[56,90925,90911],{"class":101},[56,90927,78],{"class":70},[56,90929,90930],{"class":101}," step",[56,90932,238],{"class":70},[20,90934,90935],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[143,90937,90938,90943,90948],{},[146,90939,90940,90942],{},[15,90941,36154],{}," = first number",[146,90944,90945,90947],{},[15,90946,75345],{}," = end limit, not included",[146,90949,90950,90952],{},[15,90951,75348],{}," = amount to move each time",[1030,90954,90956],{"id":90955},"rangestop",[15,90957,90958],{},"range(stop)",[20,90960,90961,90962,98],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90963,2218],{},[47,90965,90967],{"className":49,"code":90966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90968,90969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90970,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90972,112],{"class":111},[56,90974,115],{"class":70},[56,90976,1644],{"class":1545},[56,90978,115],{"class":70},[56,90980,60074],{"class":111},[56,90982,115],{"class":70},[56,90984,2235],{"class":74},[56,90986,3010],{"class":70},[20,90988,241],{},[47,90990,90991],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,90992,90993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90994,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90996,251],{"class":70},[56,90998,2218],{"class":74},[56,91000,78],{"class":70},[56,91002,910],{"class":74},[56,91004,78],{"class":70},[56,91006,81],{"class":74},[56,91008,78],{"class":70},[56,91010,86],{"class":74},[56,91012,78],{"class":70},[56,91014,2554],{"class":74},[56,91016,89],{"class":70},[1030,91018,91020],{"id":91019},"rangestart-stop",[15,91021,91022],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91024,91025,91026,91028,91029,98],{},"This starts at ",[15,91027,36154],{}," and stops before ",[15,91030,75345],{},[47,91032,91034],{"className":49,"code":91033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91035,91036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91037,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91039,112],{"class":111},[56,91041,115],{"class":70},[56,91043,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91045,115],{"class":70},[56,91047,60074],{"class":111},[56,91049,115],{"class":70},[56,91051,1097],{"class":74},[56,91053,78],{"class":70},[56,91055,37722],{"class":74},[56,91057,3010],{"class":70},[20,91059,241],{},[47,91061,91063],{"className":49,"code":91062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91064,91065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91066,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91068,251],{"class":70},[56,91070,1097],{"class":74},[56,91072,78],{"class":70},[56,91074,86],{"class":74},[56,91076,78],{"class":70},[56,91078,2554],{"class":74},[56,91080,78],{"class":70},[56,91082,4693],{"class":74},[56,91084,89],{"class":70},[1030,91086,91088],{"id":91087},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91089,91090],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91092,91093],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[47,91095,91097],{"className":49,"code":91096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91098,91099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91100,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91102,112],{"class":111},[56,91104,115],{"class":70},[56,91106,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91108,115],{"class":70},[56,91110,60074],{"class":111},[56,91112,115],{"class":70},[56,91114,75],{"class":74},[56,91116,78],{"class":70},[56,91118,508],{"class":74},[56,91120,78],{"class":70},[56,91122,81],{"class":74},[56,91124,3010],{"class":70},[20,91126,241],{},[47,91128,91130],{"className":49,"code":91129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91131,91132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91133,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91135,251],{"class":70},[56,91137,75],{"class":74},[56,91139,78],{"class":70},[56,91141,86],{"class":74},[56,91143,78],{"class":70},[56,91145,4693],{"class":74},[56,91147,78],{"class":70},[56,91149,6084],{"class":74},[56,91151,78],{"class":70},[56,91153,54216],{"class":74},[56,91155,89],{"class":70},[42,91157,91159],{"id":91158},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91161,91162],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1030,91164,91166],{"id":91165},"range5",[15,91167,90773],{},[47,91169,91170],{"className":49,"code":90966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91171,91172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91173,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91175,112],{"class":111},[56,91177,115],{"class":70},[56,91179,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91181,115],{"class":70},[56,91183,60074],{"class":111},[56,91185,115],{"class":70},[56,91187,2235],{"class":74},[56,91189,3010],{"class":70},[20,91191,241],{},[47,91193,91194],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91195,91196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91197,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91199,251],{"class":70},[56,91201,2218],{"class":74},[56,91203,78],{"class":70},[56,91205,910],{"class":74},[56,91207,78],{"class":70},[56,91209,81],{"class":74},[56,91211,78],{"class":70},[56,91213,86],{"class":74},[56,91215,78],{"class":70},[56,91217,2554],{"class":74},[56,91219,89],{"class":70},[20,91221,91025,91222,91028,91224,98],{},[15,91223,2218],{},[15,91225,2235],{},[1030,91227,91229],{"id":91228},"range2-6",[15,91230,91231],{},"range(2, 6)",[47,91233,91234],{"className":49,"code":91033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91235,91236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91237,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91239,112],{"class":111},[56,91241,115],{"class":70},[56,91243,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91245,115],{"class":70},[56,91247,60074],{"class":111},[56,91249,115],{"class":70},[56,91251,1097],{"class":74},[56,91253,78],{"class":70},[56,91255,37722],{"class":74},[56,91257,3010],{"class":70},[20,91259,241],{},[47,91261,91262],{"className":49,"code":91062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91263,91264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91265,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91267,251],{"class":70},[56,91269,1097],{"class":74},[56,91271,78],{"class":70},[56,91273,86],{"class":74},[56,91275,78],{"class":70},[56,91277,2554],{"class":74},[56,91279,78],{"class":70},[56,91281,4693],{"class":74},[56,91283,89],{"class":70},[20,91285,91025,91286,91028,91288,98],{},[15,91287,1097],{},[15,91289,80513],{},[1030,91291,91293],{"id":91292},"range1-10-2",[15,91294,91295],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[47,91297,91298],{"className":49,"code":91096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91299,91300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91303,112],{"class":111},[56,91305,115],{"class":70},[56,91307,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91309,115],{"class":70},[56,91311,60074],{"class":111},[56,91313,115],{"class":70},[56,91315,75],{"class":74},[56,91317,78],{"class":70},[56,91319,508],{"class":74},[56,91321,78],{"class":70},[56,91323,81],{"class":74},[56,91325,3010],{"class":70},[20,91327,241],{},[47,91329,91330],{"className":49,"code":91129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91331,91332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91333,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91335,251],{"class":70},[56,91337,75],{"class":74},[56,91339,78],{"class":70},[56,91341,86],{"class":74},[56,91343,78],{"class":70},[56,91345,4693],{"class":74},[56,91347,78],{"class":70},[56,91349,6084],{"class":74},[56,91351,78],{"class":70},[56,91353,54216],{"class":74},[56,91355,89],{"class":70},[20,91357,91358,91359,91361,91362,61377,91364,98],{},"This moves by ",[15,91360,1097],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91363,75],{},[15,91365,2243],{},[1030,91367,91369],{"id":91368},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91371,91372,91373,91375],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91374,36278],{}," count backward.",[47,91377,91379],{"className":49,"code":91378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91380,91381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91382,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91384,112],{"class":111},[56,91386,115],{"class":70},[56,91388,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91390,115],{"class":70},[56,91392,60074],{"class":111},[56,91394,115],{"class":70},[56,91396,2235],{"class":74},[56,91398,78],{"class":70},[56,91400,3923],{"class":74},[56,91402,78],{"class":70},[56,91404,2320],{"class":66},[56,91406,75],{"class":74},[56,91408,3010],{"class":70},[20,91410,241],{},[47,91412,91414],{"className":49,"code":91413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91415,91416],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91417,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91419,251],{"class":70},[56,91421,2235],{"class":74},[56,91423,78],{"class":70},[56,91425,2554],{"class":74},[56,91427,78],{"class":70},[56,91429,86],{"class":74},[56,91431,78],{"class":70},[56,91433,81],{"class":74},[56,91435,78],{"class":70},[56,91437,910],{"class":74},[56,91439,89],{"class":70},[20,91441,91442],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91444,91445],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[47,91447,91449],{"className":49,"code":91448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91450,91451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91452,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91454,112],{"class":111},[56,91456,115],{"class":70},[56,91458,1644],{"class":1545},[56,91460,115],{"class":70},[56,91462,60074],{"class":111},[56,91464,115],{"class":70},[56,91466,75],{"class":74},[56,91468,78],{"class":70},[56,91470,4693],{"class":74},[56,91472,78],{"class":70},[56,91474,2320],{"class":66},[56,91476,75],{"class":74},[56,91478,3010],{"class":70},[20,91480,241],{},[47,91482,91483],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91484,91485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91486,91487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91488,38376],{"class":70},[1030,91490,91491,76508,91493],{"id":76732},[15,91492,75348],{},[15,91494,2218],{},[20,91496,2934],{},[47,91498,91500],{"className":49,"code":91499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91501,91502],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91503,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91505,60074],{"class":111},[56,91507,115],{"class":70},[56,91509,75],{"class":74},[56,91511,78],{"class":70},[56,91513,4693],{"class":74},[56,91515,78],{"class":70},[56,91517,3923],{"class":74},[56,91519,238],{"class":70},[20,91521,76777,91522,91524],{},[15,91523,40784],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[42,91526,1441,91528,91530,91531,91533],{"id":91527},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91529,36278],{}," in a ",[15,91532,6048],{}," loop",[20,91535,91536,91538],{},[15,91537,36278],{}," is most useful when:",[143,91540,91541,91544,91547],{},[146,91542,91543],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[146,91545,91546],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[146,91548,91549,91550],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91551,91552],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91554,163],{},[47,91556,91558],{"className":49,"code":91557,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91559,91560,91576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91561,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91563,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91565,69622],{"class":62},[56,91567,3972],{"class":3965},[56,91569,54150],{"class":111},[56,91571,115],{"class":70},[56,91573,901],{"class":74},[56,91575,8431],{"class":70},[56,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584,91587,91589,91591,91593],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91579,8160],{"class":111},[56,91581,115],{"class":70},[56,91583,181],{"class":180},[56,91585,91586],{"class":184},"Loop number:",[56,91588,181],{"class":180},[56,91590,78],{"class":70},[56,91592,36210],{"class":101},[56,91594,238],{"class":70},[20,91596,241],{},[47,91598,91600],{"className":49,"code":91599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91601,91602,91611,91619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91603,91604,91607,91609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91605,91606],{"class":62},"Loop number",[56,91608,141],{"class":70},[56,91610,38592],{"class":74},[56,91612,91613,91615,91617],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91614,91606],{"class":62},[56,91616,141],{"class":70},[56,91618,29696],{"class":74},[56,91620,91621,91623,91625],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91622,91606],{"class":62},[56,91624,141],{"class":70},[56,91626,45670],{"class":74},[1030,91628,91630],{"id":91629},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[47,91632,91634],{"className":49,"code":91633,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91635,91636,91652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91637,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91639,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91641,69622],{"class":62},[56,91643,3972],{"class":3965},[56,91645,54150],{"class":111},[56,91647,115],{"class":70},[56,91649,2235],{"class":74},[56,91651,8431],{"class":70},[56,91653,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91655,8160],{"class":111},[56,91657,115],{"class":70},[56,91659,181],{"class":180},[56,91661,34947],{"class":184},[56,91663,181],{"class":180},[56,91665,238],{"class":70},[20,91667,91668,91669,91671],{},"This prints ",[15,91670,90337],{}," five times.",[1030,91673,91675],{"id":91674},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[47,91677,91679],{"className":49,"code":91678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91680,91681,91701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91682,91683,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91684,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91686,69622],{"class":62},[56,91688,3972],{"class":3965},[56,91690,54150],{"class":111},[56,91692,115],{"class":70},[56,91694,75],{"class":74},[56,91696,78],{"class":70},[56,91698,2554],{"class":74},[56,91700,8431],{"class":70},[56,91702,91703,91705,91707,91709,91712,91714,91716,91718],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91704,8160],{"class":111},[56,91706,115],{"class":70},[56,91708,181],{"class":180},[56,91710,91711],{"class":184},"Current number is",[56,91713,181],{"class":180},[56,91715,78],{"class":70},[56,91717,36210],{"class":101},[56,91719,238],{"class":70},[20,91721,241],{},[47,91723,91725],{"className":49,"code":91724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91726,91727,91736,91744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91728,91729,91732,91734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91730,91731],{"class":62},"Current number ",[56,91733,12277],{"class":66},[56,91735,29696],{"class":74},[56,91737,91738,91740,91742],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91739,91731],{"class":62},[56,91741,12277],{"class":66},[56,91743,45670],{"class":74},[56,91745,91746,91748,91750],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91747,91731],{"class":62},[56,91749,12277],{"class":66},[56,91751,2675],{"class":74},[1030,91753,91755,91757],{"id":91754},"range-and-indexing",[15,91756,36278],{}," and indexing",[20,91759,91760],{},"You may see code like this:",[47,91762,91764],{"className":49,"code":91763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91765,91766,91798,91802,91822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91767,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91769,7871],{"class":62},[56,91771,67],{"class":66},[56,91773,71],{"class":70},[56,91775,181],{"class":180},[56,91777,36],{"class":184},[56,91779,181],{"class":180},[56,91781,78],{"class":70},[56,91783,191],{"class":180},[56,91785,194],{"class":184},[56,91787,181],{"class":180},[56,91789,78],{"class":70},[56,91791,191],{"class":180},[56,91793,203],{"class":184},[56,91795,181],{"class":180},[56,91797,89],{"class":70},[56,91799,91800],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91801,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,91803,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91805,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91807,69622],{"class":62},[56,91809,3972],{"class":3965},[56,91811,54150],{"class":111},[56,91813,115],{"class":70},[56,91815,11250],{"class":111},[56,91817,115],{"class":70},[56,91819,7900],{"class":101},[56,91821,69637],{"class":70},[56,91823,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,91825,8160],{"class":111},[56,91827,115],{"class":70},[56,91829,36234],{"class":101},[56,91831,78],{"class":70},[56,91833,6056],{"class":101},[56,91835,251],{"class":70},[56,91837,36234],{"class":101},[56,91839,1607],{"class":70},[20,91841,241],{},[47,91843,91844],{"className":49,"code":36246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,91845,91846,91852,91858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91847,91848,91850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91849,2218],{"class":74},[56,91851,36255],{"class":62},[56,91853,91854,91856],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91855,75],{"class":74},[56,91857,36262],{"class":62},[56,91859,91860,91862],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91861,1097],{"class":74},[56,91863,36269],{"class":62},[20,91865,91866,91867,91871],{},"This works, and it uses ",[36,91868,91869],{"href":42437},[15,91870,42440],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91873,91874],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[47,91876,91878],{"className":49,"code":91877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91879,91880,91912,91916,91928],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91881,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91883,7871],{"class":62},[56,91885,67],{"class":66},[56,91887,71],{"class":70},[56,91889,181],{"class":180},[56,91891,36],{"class":184},[56,91893,181],{"class":180},[56,91895,78],{"class":70},[56,91897,191],{"class":180},[56,91899,194],{"class":184},[56,91901,181],{"class":180},[56,91903,78],{"class":70},[56,91905,191],{"class":180},[56,91907,203],{"class":184},[56,91909,181],{"class":180},[56,91911,89],{"class":70},[56,91913,91914],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91915,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,91917,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91919,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91921,6051],{"class":62},[56,91923,3972],{"class":3965},[56,91925,6056],{"class":62},[56,91927,6484],{"class":70},[56,91929,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,91931,8160],{"class":111},[56,91933,115],{"class":70},[56,91935,23391],{"class":101},[56,91937,238],{"class":70},[20,91939,36671,91940,91945],{},[36,91941,91943],{"href":91942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91944,35830],{}," is usually a better choice:",[47,91947,91949],{"className":49,"code":91948,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91950,91951,91983,91987,92007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91952,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91954,7871],{"class":62},[56,91956,67],{"class":66},[56,91958,71],{"class":70},[56,91960,181],{"class":180},[56,91962,36],{"class":184},[56,91964,181],{"class":180},[56,91966,78],{"class":70},[56,91968,191],{"class":180},[56,91970,194],{"class":184},[56,91972,181],{"class":180},[56,91974,78],{"class":70},[56,91976,191],{"class":180},[56,91978,203],{"class":184},[56,91980,181],{"class":180},[56,91982,89],{"class":70},[56,91984,91985],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,91986,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,91988,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,91990,6048],{"class":3965},[56,91992,35902],{"class":62},[56,91994,78],{"class":70},[56,91996,6051],{"class":62},[56,91998,3972],{"class":3965},[56,92000,35912],{"class":111},[56,92002,115],{"class":70},[56,92004,7900],{"class":101},[56,92006,8431],{"class":70},[56,92008,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,92010,8160],{"class":111},[56,92012,115],{"class":70},[56,92014,35927],{"class":101},[56,92016,78],{"class":70},[56,92018,29588],{"class":101},[56,92020,238],{"class":70},[20,92022,79037,92023,98],{},[36,92024,36684,92025,36687],{"href":36683},[15,92026,35830],{},[42,92028,92030,92031,92033],{"id":92029},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92032,36278],{}," to a list",[20,92035,92036,92038],{},[15,92037,36278],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92040,92041,92042,141],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92043,24862],{},[47,92045,92047],{"className":49,"code":92046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92048,92049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92050,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92052,112],{"class":111},[56,92054,115],{"class":70},[56,92056,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92058,115],{"class":70},[56,92060,60074],{"class":111},[56,92062,115],{"class":70},[56,92064,901],{"class":74},[56,92066,3010],{"class":70},[20,92068,241],{},[47,92070,92072],{"className":49,"code":92071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92073,92074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92075,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92077,251],{"class":70},[56,92079,2218],{"class":74},[56,92081,78],{"class":70},[56,92083,910],{"class":74},[56,92085,78],{"class":70},[56,92087,81],{"class":74},[56,92089,89],{"class":70},[20,92091,33395],{},[143,92093,92094,92099,92102],{},[146,92095,92096,92097,42165],{},"learning how ",[15,92098,36278],{},[146,92100,92101],{},"checking your values",[146,92103,92104],{},"debugging code",[20,92106,5562],{},[47,92108,92110],{"className":49,"code":92109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92111,92112,92126,92130,92140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92113,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92115,63],{"class":62},[56,92117,67],{"class":66},[56,92119,54150],{"class":111},[56,92121,115],{"class":70},[56,92123,2602],{"class":74},[56,92125,238],{"class":70},[56,92127,92128],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,92129,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,92131,92132,92134,92136,92138],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,92133,112],{"class":111},[56,92135,115],{"class":70},[56,92137,95],{"class":101},[56,92139,238],{"class":70},[56,92141,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,92143,112],{"class":111},[56,92145,115],{"class":70},[56,92147,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92149,115],{"class":70},[56,92151,95],{"class":101},[56,92153,1553],{"class":70},[20,92155,241],{},[47,92157,92159],{"className":49,"code":92158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92160,92161,92175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92164,60074],{"class":111},[56,92166,115],{"class":70},[56,92168,2218],{"class":74},[56,92170,78],{"class":70},[56,92172,2554],{"class":74},[56,92174,238],{"class":70},[56,92176,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,92178,251],{"class":70},[56,92180,2218],{"class":74},[56,92182,78],{"class":70},[56,92184,910],{"class":74},[56,92186,78],{"class":70},[56,92188,81],{"class":74},[56,92190,78],{"class":70},[56,92192,86],{"class":74},[56,92194,89],{"class":70},[20,92196,92197,92198,1021,92200,92203],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92199,60074],{},[15,92201,92202],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[42,92205,4606],{"id":4605},[20,92207,33624,92208,98],{},[15,92209,36278],{},[1030,92211,92213],{"id":92212},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92215,92216],{},"Many beginners think this:",[47,92218,92220],{"className":49,"code":92219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92221,92222],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92223,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92225,112],{"class":111},[56,92227,115],{"class":70},[56,92229,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92231,115],{"class":70},[56,92233,60074],{"class":111},[56,92235,115],{"class":70},[56,92237,75],{"class":74},[56,92239,78],{"class":70},[56,92241,4693],{"class":74},[56,92243,3010],{"class":70},[20,92245,92246],{},"will produce:",[47,92248,92250],{"className":49,"code":92249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92251,92252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92255,251],{"class":70},[56,92257,75],{"class":74},[56,92259,78],{"class":70},[56,92261,81],{"class":74},[56,92263,78],{"class":70},[56,92265,86],{"class":74},[56,92267,78],{"class":70},[56,92269,2554],{"class":74},[56,92271,78],{"class":70},[56,92273,4693],{"class":74},[56,92275,89],{"class":70},[20,92277,92278],{},"But the real output is:",[47,92280,92281],{"className":49,"code":53586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92282,92283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92284,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92286,251],{"class":70},[56,92288,75],{"class":74},[56,92290,78],{"class":70},[56,92292,81],{"class":74},[56,92294,78],{"class":70},[56,92296,86],{"class":74},[56,92298,78],{"class":70},[56,92300,2554],{"class":74},[56,92302,89],{"class":70},[20,92304,92305],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1030,92307,4667,92309,92311,92312],{"id":92308},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92310,90773],{}," starts at ",[15,92313,75],{},[20,92315,37546,92316,19043,92318,98],{},[15,92317,2218],{},[15,92319,75],{},[47,92321,92322],{"className":49,"code":90966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92323,92324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92325,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92327,112],{"class":111},[56,92329,115],{"class":70},[56,92331,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92333,115],{"class":70},[56,92335,60074],{"class":111},[56,92337,115],{"class":70},[56,92339,2235],{"class":74},[56,92341,3010],{"class":70},[20,92343,241],{},[47,92345,92346],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92347,92348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92349,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92351,251],{"class":70},[56,92353,2218],{"class":74},[56,92355,78],{"class":70},[56,92357,910],{"class":74},[56,92359,78],{"class":70},[56,92361,81],{"class":74},[56,92363,78],{"class":70},[56,92365,86],{"class":74},[56,92367,78],{"class":70},[56,92369,2554],{"class":74},[56,92371,89],{"class":70},[1030,92373,92375],{"id":92374},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92377,92378,92379,141],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92380,3056],{},[47,92382,92384],{"className":49,"code":92383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92385,92386,92405,92409,92426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92387,92388,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92389,92390],{"class":62},"user_number ",[56,92392,67],{"class":66},[56,92394,8333],{"class":111},[56,92396,115],{"class":70},[56,92398,181],{"class":180},[56,92400,41951],{"class":184},[56,92402,181],{"class":180},[56,92404,238],{"class":70},[56,92406,92407],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,92408,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,92410,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92424],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,92412,6048],{"class":3965},[56,92414,69622],{"class":62},[56,92416,3972],{"class":3965},[56,92418,54150],{"class":111},[56,92420,115],{"class":70},[56,92422,92423],{"class":101},"user_number",[56,92425,8431],{"class":70},[56,92427,92428,92430,92432,92434],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,92429,8160],{"class":111},[56,92431,115],{"class":70},[56,92433,36234],{"class":101},[56,92435,238],{"class":70},[20,92437,48591,92438,92440],{},[15,92439,3056],{}," returns a string.",[20,92442,10895],{},[47,92444,92446],{"className":49,"code":92445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92447,92448,92470,92474,92490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92449,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92451,92390],{"class":62},[56,92453,67],{"class":66},[56,92455,45357],{"class":1545},[56,92457,115],{"class":70},[56,92459,42542],{"class":111},[56,92461,115],{"class":70},[56,92463,181],{"class":180},[56,92465,41951],{"class":184},[56,92467,181],{"class":180},[56,92469,1553],{"class":70},[56,92471,92472],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,92473,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,92475,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,92477,6048],{"class":3965},[56,92479,69622],{"class":62},[56,92481,3972],{"class":3965},[56,92483,54150],{"class":111},[56,92485,115],{"class":70},[56,92487,92423],{"class":101},[56,92489,8431],{"class":70},[56,92491,92492,92494,92496,92498],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,92493,8160],{"class":111},[56,92495,115],{"class":70},[56,92497,36234],{"class":101},[56,92499,238],{"class":70},[20,92501,92502,92503,98],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[36,92504,50605,92505],{"href":50604},[15,92506,50608],{},[1030,92508,92510,92511,92513,92514],{"id":92509},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92512,36154],{}," smaller than ",[15,92515,75345],{},[20,92517,92518],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[47,92520,92521],{"className":49,"code":91448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92522,92523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92524,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92526,112],{"class":111},[56,92528,115],{"class":70},[56,92530,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92532,115],{"class":70},[56,92534,60074],{"class":111},[56,92536,115],{"class":70},[56,92538,75],{"class":74},[56,92540,78],{"class":70},[56,92542,4693],{"class":74},[56,92544,78],{"class":70},[56,92546,2320],{"class":66},[56,92548,75],{"class":74},[56,92550,3010],{"class":70},[20,92552,241],{},[47,92554,92555],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92556,92557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92558,92559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92560,38376],{"class":70},[20,92562,92563],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1030,92565,25698,92567],{"id":92566},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92568,92569],{},"step = 0",[20,92571,77488],{},[47,92573,92575],{"className":49,"code":92574,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92576,92577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92578,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92580,60074],{"class":111},[56,92582,115],{"class":70},[56,92584,75],{"class":74},[56,92586,78],{"class":70},[56,92588,508],{"class":74},[56,92590,78],{"class":70},[56,92592,3923],{"class":74},[56,92594,238],{"class":70},[20,92596,92597],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1030,92599,4792,92601,92603],{"id":92600},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92602,36278],{}," is not a list",[20,92605,92606],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[47,92608,92610],{"className":49,"code":92609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92611,92612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92613,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92615,112],{"class":111},[56,92617,115],{"class":70},[56,92619,60074],{"class":111},[56,92621,115],{"class":70},[56,92623,2235],{"class":74},[56,92625,1553],{"class":70},[20,92627,241],{},[47,92629,92631],{"className":49,"code":92630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92632,92633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92634,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92636,60074],{"class":111},[56,92638,115],{"class":70},[56,92640,2218],{"class":74},[56,92642,78],{"class":70},[56,92644,4693],{"class":74},[56,92646,238],{"class":70},[20,92648,92649],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[47,92651,92652],{"className":49,"code":90966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92653,92654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92655,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92657,112],{"class":111},[56,92659,115],{"class":70},[56,92661,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92663,115],{"class":70},[56,92665,60074],{"class":111},[56,92667,115],{"class":70},[56,92669,2235],{"class":74},[56,92671,3010],{"class":70},[20,92673,241],{},[47,92675,92676],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,92677,92678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92679,92680,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92681,251],{"class":70},[56,92683,2218],{"class":74},[56,92685,78],{"class":70},[56,92687,910],{"class":74},[56,92689,78],{"class":70},[56,92691,81],{"class":74},[56,92693,78],{"class":70},[56,92695,86],{"class":74},[56,92697,78],{"class":70},[56,92699,2554],{"class":74},[56,92701,89],{"class":70},[42,92703,92705],{"id":92704},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92707,8962,92708,82259],{},[15,92709,36278],{},[47,92711,92713],{"className":49,"code":92712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92714,92715,92729,92747,92769,92797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92716,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92718,112],{"class":111},[56,92720,115],{"class":70},[56,92722,60074],{"class":111},[56,92724,115],{"class":70},[56,92726,2235],{"class":74},[56,92728,1553],{"class":70},[56,92730,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,92732,112],{"class":111},[56,92734,115],{"class":70},[56,92736,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92738,115],{"class":70},[56,92740,60074],{"class":111},[56,92742,115],{"class":70},[56,92744,2235],{"class":74},[56,92746,3010],{"class":70},[56,92748,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,92750,112],{"class":111},[56,92752,115],{"class":70},[56,92754,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92756,115],{"class":70},[56,92758,60074],{"class":111},[56,92760,115],{"class":70},[56,92762,1097],{"class":74},[56,92764,78],{"class":70},[56,92766,6450],{"class":74},[56,92768,3010],{"class":70},[56,92770,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,92772,112],{"class":111},[56,92774,115],{"class":70},[56,92776,1644],{"class":1545},[56,92778,115],{"class":70},[56,92780,60074],{"class":111},[56,92782,115],{"class":70},[56,92784,444],{"class":74},[56,92786,78],{"class":70},[56,92788,3923],{"class":74},[56,92790,78],{"class":70},[56,92792,2320],{"class":66},[56,92794,1097],{"class":74},[56,92796,3010],{"class":70},[56,92798,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,92800,112],{"class":111},[56,92802,115],{"class":70},[56,92804,1546],{"class":1545},[56,92806,115],{"class":70},[56,92808,60074],{"class":111},[56,92810,115],{"class":70},[56,92812,2235],{"class":74},[56,92814,3010],{"class":70},[20,92816,26090],{},[143,92818,92819,92822,92825],{},[146,92820,92821],{},"what values are being created",[146,92823,92824],{},"whether the direction is correct",[146,92826,92827,92828,24698],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92829,60074],{},[42,92831,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,92833,1892,92835,92837],{"id":92834},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92836,36278],{}," include the last number?",[20,92839,92840],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1030,92842,5246,92844,92846,92847,1911],{"id":92843},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92845,90773],{}," start at ",[15,92848,2218],{},[20,92850,92851,92852,98],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92853,2218],{},[1030,92855,5258,92857,92859],{"id":92856},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92858,36278],{}," count backward?",[20,92861,92862,92863,98],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92864,92865],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1030,92867,14982,92869,26125],{"id":92868},"is-range-a-list",[15,92870,36278],{},[20,92872,26128,92873,92875,92876,24019],{},[15,92874,60074],{}," object. Use ",[15,92877,92878],{},"list(range(...))",[1030,92880,5246,92882,48765],{"id":92881},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92883,92884],{},"range(input())",[20,92886,92887,3579,92889,98],{},[15,92888,3056],{},[15,92890,92891],{},"int(input())",[42,92893,1996],{"id":1995},[143,92895,92896,92900,92906,92912,92918],{},[146,92897,92898],{},[36,92899,36110],{"href":36109},[146,92901,92902],{},[36,92903,2009,92904,2012],{"href":42437},[15,92905,42440],{},[146,92907,92908],{},[36,92909,2009,92910,2012],{"href":91942},[15,92911,35830],{},[146,92913,92914],{},[36,92915,37597,92916,36687],{"href":36683},[15,92917,35830],{},[146,92919,92920],{},[36,92921,50605,92922],{"href":50604},[15,92923,50608],{},[2028,92925,92926],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":92928},[92929,92930,92932,92938,92946,92953,92955,92967,92968,92980],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":90782,"depth":92,"text":92931},"What range() does",{"id":90875,"depth":92,"text":92933,"children":92934},"range() syntax",[92935,92936,92937],{"id":90955,"depth":108,"text":90958},{"id":91019,"depth":108,"text":91022},{"id":91087,"depth":108,"text":91090},{"id":91158,"depth":92,"text":91159,"children":92939},[92940,92941,92942,92943,92944],{"id":91165,"depth":108,"text":90773},{"id":91228,"depth":108,"text":91231},{"id":91292,"depth":108,"text":91295},{"id":91368,"depth":108,"text":91369},{"id":76732,"depth":108,"text":92945},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91527,"depth":92,"text":92947,"children":92948},"Using range() in a for loop",[92949,92950,92951],{"id":91629,"depth":108,"text":91630},{"id":91674,"depth":108,"text":91675},{"id":91754,"depth":108,"text":92952},"range() and indexing",{"id":92029,"depth":92,"text":92954},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":92956},[92957,92958,92960,92961,92963,92965],{"id":92212,"depth":108,"text":92213},{"id":92308,"depth":108,"text":92959},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92374,"depth":108,"text":92375},{"id":92509,"depth":108,"text":92962},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92566,"depth":108,"text":92964},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92600,"depth":108,"text":92966},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92704,"depth":92,"text":92705},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":92969},[92970,92972,92974,92976,92978],{"id":92834,"depth":108,"text":92971},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92843,"depth":108,"text":92973},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92856,"depth":108,"text":92975},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92868,"depth":108,"text":92977},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92881,"depth":108,"text":92979},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90676,"description":92981},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92988,"title":92989,"body":92990,"description":94663,"extension":2062,"meta":94664,"navigation":600,"path":94665,"seo":94666,"stem":94667,"__hash__":94668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92991,"toc":94636},[92992,93001,93008,93025,93041,93043,93092,93100,93104,93107,93127,93129,93193,93195,93238,93241,93287,93289,93322,93332,93338,93346,93363,93365,93396,93398,93423,93428,93439,93442,93512,93514,93545,93550,93555,93572,93574,93625,93627,93660,93663,93670,93675,93679,93695,93697,93741,93743,93789,93792,93805,93810,93814,93828,93830,93881,93883,93916,93921,93923,93930,93932,93955,93957,94022,94024,94041,94044,94077,94079,94107,94117,94124,94128,94131,94149,94152,94180,94183,94201,94206,94212,94215,94237,94239,94267,94269,94272,94297,94300,94413,94415,94494,94496,94502,94507,94515,94523,94527,94530,94532,94565,94567,94575,94581,94588,94595,94598,94600,94633],[10,92993,2009,92995,1021,92997,93000],{"id":92994},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92996,36278],{},[15,92998,92999],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93002,93003,4480,93005,93007],{},[15,93004,36278],{},[15,93006,92999],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[143,93009,93010,93018],{},[146,93011,93012,93014,93015],{},[15,93013,36278],{}," creates a ",[540,93016,93017],{},"range object",[146,93019,93020,93014,93022],{},[15,93021,92999],{},[540,93023,93024],{},"real list",[20,93026,93027,93028,93030,93031,93034,93035,93037,93038,93040],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93029,90773],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93032,93033],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93036,36278],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93039,92999],{}," when you actually need a list.",[42,93042,45],{"id":44},[47,93044,93046],{"className":49,"code":93045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93047,93048,93062,93075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93049,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93051,63],{"class":62},[56,93053,67],{"class":66},[56,93055,54150],{"class":111},[56,93057,115],{"class":70},[56,93059,2235],{"class":74},[56,93061,238],{"class":70},[56,93063,93064,93066,93068,93070,93072],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93065,112],{"class":111},[56,93067,115],{"class":70},[56,93069,95],{"class":101},[56,93071,120],{"class":70},[56,93073,93074],{"class":123},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[56,93076,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085,93087,93089],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93078,112],{"class":111},[56,93080,115],{"class":70},[56,93082,1644],{"class":1545},[56,93084,115],{"class":70},[56,93086,95],{"class":101},[56,93088,5451],{"class":70},[56,93090,93091],{"class":123},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93093,650,93094,93096,93097,93099],{},[15,93095,36278],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93098,92999],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[42,93101,93103],{"id":93102},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93105,93106],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[143,93108,93109,93116,93121,93124],{},[146,93110,93111,22056,93113,93115],{},[15,93112,36278],{},[540,93114,93017],{},", not a list",[146,93117,93118,93120],{},[15,93119,92999],{}," converts that range object into a list",[146,93122,93123],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[146,93125,93126],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93128,163],{},[47,93130,93132],{"className":49,"code":93131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93133,93134,93149,93168,93172,93182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93135,93136,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93137,93138],{"class":62},"r ",[56,93140,67],{"class":66},[56,93142,54150],{"class":111},[56,93144,115],{"class":70},[56,93146,2235],{"class":74},[56,93148,238],{"class":70},[56,93150,93151,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93152,93153],{"class":62},"lst ",[56,93155,67],{"class":66},[56,93157,1878],{"class":1545},[56,93159,115],{"class":70},[56,93161,60074],{"class":111},[56,93163,115],{"class":70},[56,93165,2235],{"class":74},[56,93167,1553],{"class":70},[56,93169,93170],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93171,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,93173,93174,93176,93178,93180],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93175,112],{"class":111},[56,93177,115],{"class":70},[56,93179,60581],{"class":101},[56,93181,238],{"class":70},[56,93183,93184,93186,93188,93191],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,93185,112],{"class":111},[56,93187,115],{"class":70},[56,93189,93190],{"class":101},"lst",[56,93192,238],{"class":70},[20,93194,241],{},[47,93196,93198],{"className":49,"code":93197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93199,93200,93214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93201,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93203,60074],{"class":111},[56,93205,115],{"class":70},[56,93207,2218],{"class":74},[56,93209,78],{"class":70},[56,93211,4693],{"class":74},[56,93213,238],{"class":70},[56,93215,93216,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93217,251],{"class":70},[56,93219,2218],{"class":74},[56,93221,78],{"class":70},[56,93223,910],{"class":74},[56,93225,78],{"class":70},[56,93227,81],{"class":74},[56,93229,78],{"class":70},[56,93231,86],{"class":74},[56,93233,78],{"class":70},[56,93235,2554],{"class":74},[56,93237,89],{"class":70},[20,93239,93240],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[47,93242,93244],{"className":49,"code":93243,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93245,93246,93264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93247,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93249,112],{"class":111},[56,93251,115],{"class":70},[56,93253,1546],{"class":1545},[56,93255,115],{"class":70},[56,93257,60074],{"class":111},[56,93259,115],{"class":70},[56,93261,2235],{"class":74},[56,93263,3010],{"class":70},[56,93265,93266,93268,93270,93272,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93267,112],{"class":111},[56,93269,115],{"class":70},[56,93271,1546],{"class":1545},[56,93273,115],{"class":70},[56,93275,1644],{"class":1545},[56,93277,115],{"class":70},[56,93279,60074],{"class":111},[56,93281,115],{"class":70},[56,93283,2235],{"class":74},[56,93285,93286],{"class":70},"))))\n",[20,93288,241],{},[47,93290,93292],{"className":49,"code":93291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93293,93294,93308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93297,1635],{"class":66},[56,93299,1639],{"class":1638},[56,93301,263],{"class":180},[56,93303,60074],{"class":184},[56,93305,254],{"class":180},[56,93307,1649],{"class":66},[56,93309,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93311,1635],{"class":66},[56,93313,1639],{"class":1638},[56,93315,263],{"class":180},[56,93317,1644],{"class":184},[56,93319,254],{"class":180},[56,93321,1649],{"class":66},[20,93323,93324,93325,93327,93328,98],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93326,36278],{}," works, see ",[36,93329,2009,93330,2012],{"href":92983},[15,93331,36278],{},[42,93333,133,93335,93337],{"id":93334},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93336,36278],{}," gives you",[20,93339,93340,93342,93343,93345],{},[15,93341,36278],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93344,6048],{}," loops.",[143,93347,93348,93351,93354,93357],{},[146,93349,93350],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[146,93352,93353],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[146,93355,93356],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[146,93358,93359,93360],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93361,93362],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93364,163],{},[47,93366,93368],{"className":49,"code":93367,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93369,93370,93386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93371,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93373,6048],{"class":3965},[56,93375,69622],{"class":62},[56,93377,3972],{"class":3965},[56,93379,54150],{"class":111},[56,93381,115],{"class":70},[56,93383,2235],{"class":74},[56,93385,8431],{"class":70},[56,93387,93388,93390,93392,93394],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93389,8160],{"class":111},[56,93391,115],{"class":70},[56,93393,36234],{"class":101},[56,93395,238],{"class":70},[20,93397,241],{},[47,93399,93401],{"className":49,"code":93400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93402,93403,93407,93411,93415,93419],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93404,93405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93406,47332],{"class":74},[56,93408,93409],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93410,46997],{"class":74},[56,93412,93413],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93414,17137],{"class":74},[56,93416,93417],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93418,46697],{"class":74},[56,93420,93421],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,93422,48731],{"class":74},[20,93424,20851,93425,93427],{},[15,93426,90773],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93429,93430,93431,93433,93434,98],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93432,36278],{}," is so common with ",[36,93435,2009,93437,90804],{"href":93436},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93438,6048],{},[20,93440,93441],{},"You can also inspect it:",[47,93443,93445],{"className":49,"code":93444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93446,93447,93469,93473,93483,93497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93448,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93450,93138],{"class":62},[56,93452,67],{"class":66},[56,93454,54150],{"class":111},[56,93456,115],{"class":70},[56,93458,1097],{"class":74},[56,93460,78],{"class":70},[56,93462,508],{"class":74},[56,93464,78],{"class":70},[56,93466,81],{"class":74},[56,93468,238],{"class":70},[56,93470,93471],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93472,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,93474,93475,93477,93479,93481],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93476,112],{"class":111},[56,93478,115],{"class":70},[56,93480,60581],{"class":101},[56,93482,238],{"class":70},[56,93484,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93486,112],{"class":111},[56,93488,115],{"class":70},[56,93490,11250],{"class":111},[56,93492,115],{"class":70},[56,93494,60581],{"class":101},[56,93496,1553],{"class":70},[56,93498,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507,93510],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,93500,112],{"class":111},[56,93502,115],{"class":70},[56,93504,80513],{"class":74},[56,93506,21254],{"class":3965},[56,93508,93509],{"class":101}," r",[56,93511,238],{"class":70},[20,93513,241],{},[47,93515,93517],{"className":49,"code":93516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93518,93519,93537,93541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93520,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93522,60074],{"class":111},[56,93524,115],{"class":70},[56,93526,1097],{"class":74},[56,93528,78],{"class":70},[56,93530,508],{"class":74},[56,93532,78],{"class":70},[56,93534,81],{"class":74},[56,93536,238],{"class":70},[56,93538,93539],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93540,48731],{"class":74},[56,93542,93543],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93544,4068],{"class":893},[42,93546,133,93548,93337],{"id":93547},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93549,92999],{},[20,93551,93552,93554],{},[15,93553,92999],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[143,93556,93557,93560,93563,93566],{},[146,93558,93559],{},"It creates all values at once",[146,93561,93562],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[146,93564,93565],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[146,93567,93568,93569,93571],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93570,36278],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93573,163],{},[47,93575,93577],{"className":49,"code":93576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93578,93579,93597,93601,93611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93580,93581,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93582,63],{"class":62},[56,93584,67],{"class":66},[56,93586,1878],{"class":1545},[56,93588,115],{"class":70},[56,93590,60074],{"class":111},[56,93592,115],{"class":70},[56,93594,2235],{"class":74},[56,93596,1553],{"class":70},[56,93598,93599],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93600,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,93602,93603,93605,93607,93609],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93604,112],{"class":111},[56,93606,115],{"class":70},[56,93608,95],{"class":101},[56,93610,238],{"class":70},[56,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93614,112],{"class":111},[56,93616,115],{"class":70},[56,93618,95],{"class":101},[56,93620,251],{"class":70},[56,93622,1097],{"class":74},[56,93624,1607],{"class":70},[20,93626,241],{},[47,93628,93630],{"className":49,"code":93629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93631,93632,93656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93633,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93635,251],{"class":70},[56,93637,2218],{"class":74},[56,93639,78],{"class":70},[56,93641,910],{"class":74},[56,93643,78],{"class":70},[56,93645,81],{"class":74},[56,93647,78],{"class":70},[56,93649,86],{"class":74},[56,93651,78],{"class":70},[56,93653,2554],{"class":74},[56,93655,89],{"class":70},[56,93657,93658],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93659,17137],{"class":74},[20,93661,93662],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93664,93665,93666,98],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[36,93667,2009,93668,2012],{"href":64921},[15,93669,24862],{},[42,93671,1389,93673],{"id":93672},"when-to-use-range",[15,93674,36278],{},[20,93676,650,93677,10689],{},[15,93678,36278],{},[143,93680,93681,93686,93689,93692],{},[146,93682,93683,93684,91533],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93685,6048],{},[146,93687,93688],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[146,93690,93691],{},"You are working with large sequences",[146,93693,93694],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93696,163],{},[47,93698,93700],{"className":49,"code":93699,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93701,93702,93722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93705,6048],{"class":3965},[56,93707,69622],{"class":62},[56,93709,3972],{"class":3965},[56,93711,54150],{"class":111},[56,93713,115],{"class":70},[56,93715,75],{"class":74},[56,93717,78],{"class":70},[56,93719,37722],{"class":74},[56,93721,8431],{"class":70},[56,93723,93724,93726,93728,93730,93733,93735,93737,93739],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93725,8160],{"class":111},[56,93727,115],{"class":70},[56,93729,181],{"class":180},[56,93731,93732],{"class":184},"Count:",[56,93734,181],{"class":180},[56,93736,78],{"class":70},[56,93738,36210],{"class":101},[56,93740,238],{"class":70},[20,93742,241],{},[47,93744,93746],{"className":49,"code":93745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93747,93748,93757,93765,93773,93781],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93749,93750,93753,93755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93751,93752],{"class":62},"Count",[56,93754,141],{"class":70},[56,93756,29696],{"class":74},[56,93758,93759,93761,93763],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93760,93752],{"class":62},[56,93762,141],{"class":70},[56,93764,45670],{"class":74},[56,93766,93767,93769,93771],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93768,93752],{"class":62},[56,93770,141],{"class":70},[56,93772,2675],{"class":74},[56,93774,93775,93777,93779],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93776,93752],{"class":62},[56,93778,141],{"class":70},[56,93780,23744],{"class":74},[56,93782,93783,93785,93787],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,93784,93752],{"class":62},[56,93786,141],{"class":70},[56,93788,34922],{"class":74},[20,93790,93791],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93793,93794,93795,93797,93798,62363,93800,98],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93796,35830],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93799,36677],{},[36,93801,36684,93803,36687],{"href":93802},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93804,35830],{},[42,93806,1389,93808],{"id":93807},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93809,92999],{},[20,93811,650,93812,10689],{},[15,93813,92999],{},[143,93815,93816,93819,93822,93825],{},[146,93817,93818],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[146,93820,93821],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[146,93823,93824],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[146,93826,93827],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93829,163],{},[47,93831,93833],{"className":49,"code":93832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93834,93835,93853,93867,93871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93836,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93838,63],{"class":62},[56,93840,67],{"class":66},[56,93842,1878],{"class":1545},[56,93844,115],{"class":70},[56,93846,60074],{"class":111},[56,93848,115],{"class":70},[56,93850,2235],{"class":74},[56,93852,1553],{"class":70},[56,93854,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93856,95],{"class":62},[56,93858,98],{"class":70},[56,93860,13631],{"class":101},[56,93862,115],{"class":70},[56,93864,2235],{"class":74},[56,93866,238],{"class":70},[56,93868,93869],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93870,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,93872,93873,93875,93877,93879],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93874,112],{"class":111},[56,93876,115],{"class":70},[56,93878,95],{"class":101},[56,93880,238],{"class":70},[20,93882,241],{},[47,93884,93886],{"className":49,"code":93885,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93887,93888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93889,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93891,251],{"class":70},[56,93893,2218],{"class":74},[56,93895,78],{"class":70},[56,93897,910],{"class":74},[56,93899,78],{"class":70},[56,93901,81],{"class":74},[56,93903,78],{"class":70},[56,93905,86],{"class":74},[56,93907,78],{"class":70},[56,93909,2554],{"class":74},[56,93911,78],{"class":70},[56,93913,4693],{"class":74},[56,93915,89],{"class":70},[20,93917,6150,93918,93920],{},[15,93919,95],{}," is a list.",[42,93922,15676],{"id":15675},[20,93924,93925,93927,93928,98],{},[15,93926,36278],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[540,93929,37676],{},[20,93931,2205],{},[143,93933,93934,93936,93941,93946,93949],{},[146,93935,22066],{},[146,93937,93938,93939],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93940,42440],{},[146,93942,93943,93944],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93945,3972],{},[146,93947,93948],{},"You can index it",[146,93950,93951,93952,93954],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93953,52734],{}," do not work on it",[20,93956,163],{},[47,93958,93960],{"className":49,"code":93959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93961,93962,93976,93980,93994,94008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93963,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93965,93138],{"class":62},[56,93967,67],{"class":66},[56,93969,54150],{"class":111},[56,93971,115],{"class":70},[56,93973,2235],{"class":74},[56,93975,238],{"class":70},[56,93977,93978],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,93979,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,93981,93982,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,93983,112],{"class":111},[56,93985,115],{"class":70},[56,93987,60581],{"class":101},[56,93989,251],{"class":70},[56,93991,1097],{"class":74},[56,93993,1607],{"class":70},[56,93995,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,93997,112],{"class":111},[56,93999,115],{"class":70},[56,94001,11250],{"class":111},[56,94003,115],{"class":70},[56,94005,60581],{"class":101},[56,94007,1553],{"class":70},[56,94009,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,94011,112],{"class":111},[56,94013,115],{"class":70},[56,94015,901],{"class":74},[56,94017,21254],{"class":3965},[56,94019,93509],{"class":101},[56,94021,238],{"class":70},[20,94023,241],{},[47,94025,94027],{"className":49,"code":94026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94028,94029,94033,94037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94030,94031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94032,17137],{"class":74},[56,94034,94035],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94036,3045],{"class":74},[56,94038,94039],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,94040,4068],{"class":893},[20,94042,94043],{},"Now compare that with this:",[47,94045,94047],{"className":49,"code":94046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94048,94049,94063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94050,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94052,93138],{"class":62},[56,94054,67],{"class":66},[56,94056,54150],{"class":111},[56,94058,115],{"class":70},[56,94060,2235],{"class":74},[56,94062,238],{"class":70},[56,94064,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94066,60581],{"class":62},[56,94068,98],{"class":70},[56,94070,13631],{"class":101},[56,94072,115],{"class":70},[56,94074,2235],{"class":74},[56,94076,238],{"class":70},[20,94078,241],{},[47,94080,94082],{"className":49,"code":94081,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94083,94084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94085,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94101,94103,94105],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94087,25753],{"class":1545},[56,94089,141],{"class":70},[56,94091,263],{"class":180},[56,94093,60074],{"class":184},[56,94095,254],{"class":180},[56,94097,24698],{"class":1545},[56,94099,94100],{"class":62}," has no attribute ",[56,94102,254],{"class":180},[56,94104,13631],{"class":184},[56,94106,29781],{"class":180},[20,94108,94109,94110,2287,94112,2291,94114,94116],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94111,52734],{},[15,94113,55605],{},[15,94115,1383],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94118,94119,94120,98],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[36,94121,25761,94122],{"href":35500},[15,94123,34336],{},[42,94125,94127],{"id":94126},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94129,94130],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[47,94132,94133],{"className":49,"code":92609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94134,94135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94136,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94138,112],{"class":111},[56,94140,115],{"class":70},[56,94142,60074],{"class":111},[56,94144,115],{"class":70},[56,94146,2235],{"class":74},[56,94148,1553],{"class":70},[20,94150,94151],{},"to show:",[47,94153,94154],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94155,94156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94157,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94159,251],{"class":70},[56,94161,2218],{"class":74},[56,94163,78],{"class":70},[56,94165,910],{"class":74},[56,94167,78],{"class":70},[56,94169,81],{"class":74},[56,94171,78],{"class":70},[56,94173,86],{"class":74},[56,94175,78],{"class":70},[56,94177,2554],{"class":74},[56,94179,89],{"class":70},[20,94181,94182],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[47,94184,94185],{"className":49,"code":92630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94186,94187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94188,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94190,60074],{"class":111},[56,94192,115],{"class":70},[56,94194,2218],{"class":74},[56,94196,78],{"class":70},[56,94198,4693],{"class":74},[56,94200,238],{"class":70},[20,94202,4716,94203,94205],{},[540,94204,931],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94207,94208,94209,94211],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[540,94210,93017],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94213,94214],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[47,94216,94217],{"className":49,"code":90966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94218,94219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94220,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94222,112],{"class":111},[56,94224,115],{"class":70},[56,94226,1644],{"class":1545},[56,94228,115],{"class":70},[56,94230,60074],{"class":111},[56,94232,115],{"class":70},[56,94234,2235],{"class":74},[56,94236,3010],{"class":70},[20,94238,241],{},[47,94240,94241],{"className":49,"code":60097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94242,94243],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94244,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253,94255,94257,94259,94261,94263,94265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94246,251],{"class":70},[56,94248,2218],{"class":74},[56,94250,78],{"class":70},[56,94252,910],{"class":74},[56,94254,78],{"class":70},[56,94256,81],{"class":74},[56,94258,78],{"class":70},[56,94260,86],{"class":74},[56,94262,78],{"class":70},[56,94264,2554],{"class":74},[56,94266,89],{"class":70},[42,94268,1418],{"id":1417},[20,94270,94271],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[143,94273,94274,94280,94283,94289],{},[146,94275,1441,94276,94279],{},[15,94277,94278],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[146,94281,94282],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[146,94284,94285,94286,94288],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94287,36278],{}," is iterable but not a list",[146,94290,1441,94291,94293,94294,94296],{},[15,94292,92999],{}," when plain ",[15,94295,36278],{}," would be simpler",[20,94298,94299],{},"These quick checks can help:",[47,94301,94303],{"className":49,"code":94302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94304,94305,94319,94337,94355,94377,94395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94306,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94308,112],{"class":111},[56,94310,115],{"class":70},[56,94312,60074],{"class":111},[56,94314,115],{"class":70},[56,94316,2235],{"class":74},[56,94318,1553],{"class":70},[56,94320,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94322,112],{"class":111},[56,94324,115],{"class":70},[56,94326,1644],{"class":1545},[56,94328,115],{"class":70},[56,94330,60074],{"class":111},[56,94332,115],{"class":70},[56,94334,2235],{"class":74},[56,94336,3010],{"class":70},[56,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,94340,112],{"class":111},[56,94342,115],{"class":70},[56,94344,1546],{"class":1545},[56,94346,115],{"class":70},[56,94348,60074],{"class":111},[56,94350,115],{"class":70},[56,94352,2235],{"class":74},[56,94354,3010],{"class":70},[56,94356,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,94358,112],{"class":111},[56,94360,115],{"class":70},[56,94362,1546],{"class":1545},[56,94364,115],{"class":70},[56,94366,1644],{"class":1545},[56,94368,115],{"class":70},[56,94370,60074],{"class":111},[56,94372,115],{"class":70},[56,94374,2235],{"class":74},[56,94376,93286],{"class":70},[56,94378,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,94380,112],{"class":111},[56,94382,115],{"class":70},[56,94384,901],{"class":74},[56,94386,21254],{"class":3965},[56,94388,54150],{"class":111},[56,94390,115],{"class":70},[56,94392,2235],{"class":74},[56,94394,1553],{"class":70},[56,94396,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,94398,112],{"class":111},[56,94400,115],{"class":70},[56,94402,11250],{"class":111},[56,94404,115],{"class":70},[56,94406,60074],{"class":111},[56,94408,115],{"class":70},[56,94410,2235],{"class":74},[56,94412,3010],{"class":70},[20,94414,241],{},[47,94416,94418],{"className":49,"code":94417,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94419,94420,94434,94458,94472,94486,94490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94421,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94423,60074],{"class":111},[56,94425,115],{"class":70},[56,94427,2218],{"class":74},[56,94429,78],{"class":70},[56,94431,4693],{"class":74},[56,94433,238],{"class":70},[56,94435,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94437,251],{"class":70},[56,94439,2218],{"class":74},[56,94441,78],{"class":70},[56,94443,910],{"class":74},[56,94445,78],{"class":70},[56,94447,81],{"class":74},[56,94449,78],{"class":70},[56,94451,86],{"class":74},[56,94453,78],{"class":70},[56,94455,2554],{"class":74},[56,94457,89],{"class":70},[56,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,94461,1635],{"class":66},[56,94463,1639],{"class":1638},[56,94465,263],{"class":180},[56,94467,60074],{"class":184},[56,94469,254],{"class":180},[56,94471,1649],{"class":66},[56,94473,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,94475,1635],{"class":66},[56,94477,1639],{"class":1638},[56,94479,263],{"class":180},[56,94481,1644],{"class":184},[56,94483,254],{"class":180},[56,94485,1649],{"class":66},[56,94487,94488],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,94489,4068],{"class":893},[56,94491,94492],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,94493,3045],{"class":74},[42,94495,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,94497,14982,94499,94501],{"id":94498},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94500,36278],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94503,1931,94504,94506],{},[15,94505,36278],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1030,94508,94510,94511,11180,94513,1911],{"id":94509},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94512,36278],{},[15,94514,92999],{},[20,94516,94517,94519,94520,94522],{},[15,94518,36278],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94521,92999],{}," creates a full list.",[1030,94524,94526],{"id":94525},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94528,94529],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94531,163],{},[47,94533,94535],{"className":49,"code":94534,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94536,94537,94551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94538,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94540,93138],{"class":62},[56,94542,67],{"class":66},[56,94544,54150],{"class":111},[56,94546,115],{"class":70},[56,94548,2235],{"class":74},[56,94550,238],{"class":70},[56,94552,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94554,112],{"class":111},[56,94556,115],{"class":70},[56,94558,60581],{"class":101},[56,94560,251],{"class":70},[56,94562,75],{"class":74},[56,94564,1607],{"class":70},[20,94566,241],{},[47,94568,94569],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,94570,94571],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94572,94573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94574,46997],{"class":74},[1030,94576,5246,94578,94580],{"id":94577},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94579,94278],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94582,94583,94584,94587],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94585,94586],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1030,94589,94591,94592,94594],{"id":94590},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94593,36278],{}," to a list?",[20,94596,94597],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[42,94599,1996],{"id":1995},[143,94601,94602,94608,94614,94621,94627],{},[146,94603,94604],{},[36,94605,2009,94606,2012],{"href":92983},[15,94607,36278],{},[146,94609,94610],{},[36,94611,2009,94612,2012],{"href":64921},[15,94613,24862],{},[146,94615,94616],{},[36,94617,2009,94618,94620],{"href":93436},[15,94619,6048],{}," loops explained",[146,94622,94623],{},[36,94624,37597,94625,36687],{"href":93802},[15,94626,35830],{},[146,94628,94629],{},[36,94630,26204,94631],{"href":35500},[15,94632,34336],{},[2028,94634,94635],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":94637},[94638,94639,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648,94649,94650,94651,94662],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":93102,"depth":92,"text":93103},{"id":93334,"depth":92,"text":94641},"What range() gives you",{"id":93547,"depth":92,"text":94643},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93672,"depth":92,"text":94645},"When to use range()",{"id":93807,"depth":92,"text":94647},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15675,"depth":92,"text":15676},{"id":94126,"depth":92,"text":94127},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":94652},[94653,94655,94657,94658,94660],{"id":94498,"depth":108,"text":94654},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94509,"depth":108,"text":94656},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94525,"depth":108,"text":94526},{"id":94577,"depth":108,"text":94659},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94590,"depth":108,"text":94661},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92989,"description":94663},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94670,"title":94671,"body":94672,"description":96108,"extension":2062,"meta":96109,"navigation":600,"path":96110,"seo":96111,"stem":96112,"__hash__":96113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94673,"toc":96074},[94674,94680,94685,94688,94702,94705,94707,94746,94748,94761,94769,94774,94790,94793,94795,94797,94818,94835,94838,94897,94899,94918,94923,94929,94932,94966,94968,94981,94984,95029,95031,95054,95061,95067,95070,95111,95113,95127,95130,95188,95190,95205,95218,95224,95230,95295,95297,95316,95318,95336,95339,95343,95349,95351,95384,95386,95399,95409,95412,95473,95475,95496,95499,95501,95517,95522,95526,95531,95536,95592,95594,95612,95615,95660,95662,95670,95675,95679,95693,95695,95727,95729,95738,95740,95744,95753,95756,95788,95790,95802,95805,95809,95814,95855,95857,95865,95868,95891,95895,95897,95906,95909,95962,95964,95973,95977,95982,95993,95995,96004,96007,96013,96016,96022,96032,96040,96047,96049,96071],[10,94675,2009,94677,3673],{"id":94676},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94678,94679],{},"round()",[20,94681,9210,94682,94684],{},[15,94683,94679],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94686,94687],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[143,94689,94690,94696],{},[146,94691,94692,94695],{},[15,94693,94694],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[146,94697,94698,94701],{},[15,94699,94700],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94703,94704],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[42,94706,2104],{"id":2103},[47,94708,94710],{"className":49,"code":94709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94711,94712,94728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94713,94714,94716,94718,94721,94723,94726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94715,112],{"class":111},[56,94717,115],{"class":70},[56,94719,94720],{"class":111},"round",[56,94722,115],{"class":70},[56,94724,94725],{"class":74},"3.14159",[56,94727,1553],{"class":70},[56,94729,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94731,112],{"class":111},[56,94733,115],{"class":70},[56,94735,94720],{"class":111},[56,94737,115],{"class":70},[56,94739,94725],{"class":74},[56,94741,78],{"class":70},[56,94743,81],{"class":74},[56,94745,1553],{"class":70},[20,94747,241],{},[47,94749,94751],{"className":49,"code":94750,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94752,94753,94757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94754,94755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94756,46697],{"class":74},[56,94758,94759],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94760,40257],{"class":74},[20,94762,650,94763,94765,94766,94768],{},[15,94764,94694],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94767,94700],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[42,94770,133,94772,136],{"id":94771},"what-round-does",[15,94773,94679],{},[143,94775,94776,94781,94784,94787],{},[146,94777,94778,94780],{},[15,94779,94679],{}," is a built-in Python function",[146,94782,94783],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[146,94785,94786],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[146,94788,94789],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94791,94792],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[42,94794,289],{"id":288},[20,94796,292],{},[47,94798,94800],{"className":49,"code":94799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94801,94802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94803,94804,94806,94808,94810,94813,94816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94805,94720],{"class":111},[56,94807,115],{"class":70},[56,94809,2337],{"class":101},[56,94811,94812],{"class":70},"[,",[56,94814,94815],{"class":101}," ndigits",[56,94817,1607],{"class":70},[143,94819,94820,94825,94830],{},[146,94821,94822,94824],{},[15,94823,2337],{}," is the value to round",[146,94826,94827,20119],{},[15,94828,94829],{},"ndigits",[146,94831,94832,94834],{},[15,94833,94829],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94836,94837],{},"Basic examples:",[47,94839,94841],{"className":49,"code":94840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94842,94843,94858,94876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94844,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94846,112],{"class":111},[56,94848,115],{"class":70},[56,94850,94720],{"class":111},[56,94852,115],{"class":70},[56,94854,94855],{"class":74},"7.8",[56,94857,1553],{"class":70},[56,94859,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94861,112],{"class":111},[56,94863,115],{"class":70},[56,94865,94720],{"class":111},[56,94867,115],{"class":70},[56,94869,94855],{"class":74},[56,94871,78],{"class":70},[56,94873,910],{"class":74},[56,94875,1553],{"class":70},[56,94877,94878,94880,94882,94884,94886,94889,94891,94893,94895],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,94879,112],{"class":111},[56,94881,115],{"class":70},[56,94883,94720],{"class":111},[56,94885,115],{"class":70},[56,94887,94888],{"class":74},"1234",[56,94890,78],{"class":70},[56,94892,2320],{"class":66},[56,94894,1097],{"class":74},[56,94896,1553],{"class":70},[20,94898,241],{},[47,94900,94902],{"className":49,"code":94901,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94903,94904,94908,94913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94905,94906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94907,2478],{"class":74},[56,94909,94910],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94911,94912],{"class":74},"7.8\n",[56,94914,94915],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,94916,94917],{"class":74},"1200\n",[20,94919,94920,94921,98],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[36,94922,2517],{"href":2516},[42,94924,1441,94926,94928],{"id":94925},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94927,94679],{}," with one argument",[20,94930,94931],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[47,94933,94935],{"className":49,"code":94934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94936,94937,94951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94938,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94940,112],{"class":111},[56,94942,115],{"class":70},[56,94944,94720],{"class":111},[56,94946,115],{"class":70},[56,94948,2459],{"class":74},[56,94950,1553],{"class":70},[56,94952,94953,94955,94957,94959,94961,94964],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94954,112],{"class":111},[56,94956,115],{"class":70},[56,94958,94720],{"class":111},[56,94960,115],{"class":70},[56,94962,94963],{"class":74},"4.8",[56,94965,1553],{"class":70},[20,94967,241],{},[47,94969,94971],{"className":49,"code":94970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n5\n",[15,94972,94973,94977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94974,94975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94976,48731],{"class":74},[56,94978,94979],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,94980,3045],{"class":74},[20,94982,94983],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[47,94985,94987],{"className":49,"code":94986,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94988,94989,95005,95015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94990,94991,94993,94995,94998,95000,95003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94992,1156],{"class":62},[56,94994,67],{"class":66},[56,94996,94997],{"class":111}," round",[56,94999,115],{"class":70},[56,95001,95002],{"class":74},"10.2",[56,95004,238],{"class":70},[56,95006,95007,95009,95011,95013],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95008,112],{"class":111},[56,95010,115],{"class":70},[56,95012,1190],{"class":101},[56,95014,238],{"class":70},[56,95016,95017,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95018,112],{"class":111},[56,95020,115],{"class":70},[56,95022,1546],{"class":1545},[56,95024,115],{"class":70},[56,95026,1190],{"class":101},[56,95028,1553],{"class":70},[20,95030,241],{},[47,95032,95034],{"className":49,"code":95033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95035,95036,95040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95037,95038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95039,2473],{"class":74},[56,95041,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95043,1635],{"class":66},[56,95045,1639],{"class":1638},[56,95047,263],{"class":180},[56,95049,2286],{"class":184},[56,95051,254],{"class":180},[56,95053,1649],{"class":66},[20,95055,95056,95057,98],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[36,95058,2009,95059,2012],{"href":2972},[15,95060,2975],{},[42,95062,1441,95064,95066],{"id":95063},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95065,94679],{}," with decimal places",[20,95068,95069],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[47,95071,95073],{"className":49,"code":95072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95074,95075,95093],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95076,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95078,112],{"class":111},[56,95080,115],{"class":70},[56,95082,94720],{"class":111},[56,95084,115],{"class":70},[56,95086,94725],{"class":74},[56,95088,78],{"class":70},[56,95090,81],{"class":74},[56,95092,1553],{"class":70},[56,95094,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95096,112],{"class":111},[56,95098,115],{"class":70},[56,95100,94720],{"class":111},[56,95102,115],{"class":70},[56,95104,94725],{"class":74},[56,95106,78],{"class":70},[56,95108,86],{"class":74},[56,95110,1553],{"class":70},[20,95112,241],{},[47,95114,95116],{"className":49,"code":95115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95117,95118,95122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95119,95120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95121,40257],{"class":74},[56,95123,95124],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95125,95126],{"class":74},"3.142\n",[20,95128,95129],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[47,95131,95133],{"className":49,"code":95132,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95134,95135,95144,95163,95167,95177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95136,95137,95139,95141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95138,40467],{"class":62},[56,95140,67],{"class":66},[56,95142,95143],{"class":74}," 19.9876\n",[56,95145,95146,95149,95151,95153,95155,95157,95159,95161],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95147,95148],{"class":62},"rounded_price ",[56,95150,67],{"class":66},[56,95152,94997],{"class":111},[56,95154,115],{"class":70},[56,95156,25231],{"class":101},[56,95158,78],{"class":70},[56,95160,81],{"class":74},[56,95162,238],{"class":70},[56,95164,95165],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95166,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,95168,95169,95171,95173,95175],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95170,112],{"class":111},[56,95172,115],{"class":70},[56,95174,25231],{"class":101},[56,95176,238],{"class":70},[56,95178,95179,95181,95183,95186],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,95180,112],{"class":111},[56,95182,115],{"class":70},[56,95184,95185],{"class":101},"rounded_price",[56,95187,238],{"class":70},[20,95189,241],{},[47,95191,95193],{"className":49,"code":95192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95194,95195,95200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95196,95197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95198,95199],{"class":74},"19.9876\n",[56,95201,95202],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95203,95204],{"class":74},"19.99\n",[20,95206,95207,95208,95211,95212,2976,95214,98],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95209,95210],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[36,95213,40972],{"href":40971},[36,95215,2009,95216,2012],{"href":2979},[15,95217,2982],{},[42,95219,95221,95222],{"id":95220},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95223,94829],{},[20,95225,95226,95227,95229],{},"A negative ",[15,95228,94829],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[47,95231,95233],{"className":49,"code":95232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95234,95235,95255,95275],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95236,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95238,112],{"class":111},[56,95240,115],{"class":70},[56,95242,94720],{"class":111},[56,95244,115],{"class":70},[56,95246,94888],{"class":74},[56,95248,78],{"class":70},[56,95250,2320],{"class":66},[56,95252,75],{"class":74},[56,95254,1553],{"class":70},[56,95256,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95258,112],{"class":111},[56,95260,115],{"class":70},[56,95262,94720],{"class":111},[56,95264,115],{"class":70},[56,95266,94888],{"class":74},[56,95268,78],{"class":70},[56,95270,2320],{"class":66},[56,95272,1097],{"class":74},[56,95274,1553],{"class":70},[56,95276,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95278,112],{"class":111},[56,95280,115],{"class":70},[56,95282,94720],{"class":111},[56,95284,115],{"class":70},[56,95286,94888],{"class":74},[56,95288,78],{"class":70},[56,95290,2320],{"class":66},[56,95292,901],{"class":74},[56,95294,1553],{"class":70},[20,95296,241],{},[47,95298,95300],{"className":49,"code":95299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95301,95302,95307,95311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95303,95304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95305,95306],{"class":74},"1230\n",[56,95308,95309],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95310,94917],{"class":74},[56,95312,95313],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95314,95315],{"class":74},"1000\n",[20,95317,65658],{},[143,95319,95320,95325,95331],{},[146,95321,95322,95324],{},[15,95323,65928],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[146,95326,95327,95330],{},[15,95328,95329],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[146,95332,95333,95335],{},[15,95334,47751],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95337,95338],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[42,95340,95342],{"id":95341},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95344,95345,95346,98],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95347,95348],{},".5",[20,95350,5562],{},[47,95352,95354],{"className":49,"code":95353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95355,95356,95370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95357,95358,95360,95362,95364,95366,95368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95359,112],{"class":111},[56,95361,115],{"class":70},[56,95363,94720],{"class":111},[56,95365,115],{"class":70},[56,95367,41238],{"class":74},[56,95369,1553],{"class":70},[56,95371,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95373,112],{"class":111},[56,95375,115],{"class":70},[56,95377,94720],{"class":111},[56,95379,115],{"class":70},[56,95381,2140],{"class":74},[56,95383,1553],{"class":70},[20,95385,241],{},[47,95387,95389],{"className":49,"code":95388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n4\n",[15,95390,95391,95395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95392,95393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95394,17137],{"class":74},[56,95396,95397],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95398,48731],{"class":74},[20,95400,95401,95402,95405,95406,95408],{},"Python uses ",[540,95403,95404],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95407,95348],{}," situations.",[20,95410,95411],{},"More examples:",[47,95413,95415],{"className":49,"code":95414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95416,95417,95431,95445,95459],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95418,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95420,112],{"class":111},[56,95422,115],{"class":70},[56,95424,94720],{"class":111},[56,95426,115],{"class":70},[56,95428,41251],{"class":74},[56,95430,1553],{"class":70},[56,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95434,112],{"class":111},[56,95436,115],{"class":70},[56,95438,94720],{"class":111},[56,95440,115],{"class":70},[56,95442,41238],{"class":74},[56,95444,1553],{"class":70},[56,95446,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95448,112],{"class":111},[56,95450,115],{"class":70},[56,95452,94720],{"class":111},[56,95454,115],{"class":70},[56,95456,2140],{"class":74},[56,95458,1553],{"class":70},[56,95460,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95462,112],{"class":111},[56,95464,115],{"class":70},[56,95466,94720],{"class":111},[56,95468,115],{"class":70},[56,95470,41203],{"class":74},[56,95472,1553],{"class":70},[20,95474,241],{},[47,95476,95478],{"className":49,"code":95477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95479,95480,95484,95488,95492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95481,95482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95483,17137],{"class":74},[56,95485,95486],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95487,17137],{"class":74},[56,95489,95490],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95491,48731],{"class":74},[56,95493,95494],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95495,48731],{"class":74},[20,95497,95498],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95500,10801],{},[143,95502,95503,95510],{},[146,95504,95505,2232,95508],{},[15,95506,95507],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95509,1097],{},[146,95511,95512,2232,95515],{},[15,95513,95514],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95516,2602],{},[20,95518,3268,95519,95521],{},[15,95520,95348],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[42,95523,95525],{"id":95524},"return-values","Return values",[20,95527,95528,95530],{},[15,95529,94679],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95532,928,95533,95535],{},[540,95534,931],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[47,95537,95539],{"className":49,"code":95538,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95540,95541,95550,95554,95564,95582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95542,95543,95545,95547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95544,2544],{"class":62},[56,95546,67],{"class":66},[56,95548,95549],{"class":74}," 3.14159\n",[56,95551,95552],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95553,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,95555,95556,95558,95560,95562],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95557,112],{"class":111},[56,95559,115],{"class":70},[56,95561,2570],{"class":101},[56,95563,238],{"class":70},[56,95565,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578,95580],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95567,112],{"class":111},[56,95569,115],{"class":70},[56,95571,94720],{"class":111},[56,95573,115],{"class":70},[56,95575,2570],{"class":101},[56,95577,78],{"class":70},[56,95579,81],{"class":74},[56,95581,1553],{"class":70},[56,95583,95584,95586,95588,95590],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,95585,112],{"class":111},[56,95587,115],{"class":70},[56,95589,2570],{"class":101},[56,95591,238],{"class":70},[20,95593,241],{},[47,95595,95597],{"className":49,"code":95596,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95598,95599,95604,95608],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95600,95601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95602,95603],{"class":74},"3.14159\n",[56,95605,95606],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95607,40257],{"class":74},[56,95609,95610],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95611,95603],{"class":74},[20,95613,95614],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[47,95616,95618],{"className":49,"code":95617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95619,95620,95628,95646,95650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95621,95622,95624,95626],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95623,2544],{"class":62},[56,95625,67],{"class":66},[56,95627,95549],{"class":74},[56,95629,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95631,2544],{"class":62},[56,95633,67],{"class":66},[56,95635,94997],{"class":111},[56,95637,115],{"class":70},[56,95639,2570],{"class":101},[56,95641,78],{"class":70},[56,95643,81],{"class":74},[56,95645,238],{"class":70},[56,95647,95648],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95649,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,95651,95652,95654,95656,95658],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95653,112],{"class":111},[56,95655,115],{"class":70},[56,95657,2570],{"class":101},[56,95659,238],{"class":70},[20,95661,241],{},[47,95663,95664],{"className":49,"code":40257,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,95665,95666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95667,95668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95669,40257],{"class":74},[42,95671,1389,95673],{"id":95672},"when-to-use-round",[15,95674,94679],{},[20,95676,650,95677,6408],{},[15,95678,94679],{},[143,95680,95681,95684,95687,95690],{},[146,95682,95683],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[146,95685,95686],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[146,95688,95689],{},"Round values before reporting results",[146,95691,95692],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95694,5562],{},[47,95696,95698],{"className":49,"code":95697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95699,95700,95709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95701,95702,95704,95706],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95703,2694],{"class":62},[56,95705,67],{"class":66},[56,95707,95708],{"class":74}," 12.67891\n",[56,95710,95711,95713,95715,95717,95719,95721,95723,95725],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95712,112],{"class":111},[56,95714,115],{"class":70},[56,95716,94720],{"class":111},[56,95718,115],{"class":70},[56,95720,2717],{"class":101},[56,95722,78],{"class":70},[56,95724,81],{"class":74},[56,95726,1553],{"class":70},[20,95728,241],{},[47,95730,95732],{"className":49,"code":95731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"12.68\n",[15,95733,95734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95735,95736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95737,95731],{"class":74},[42,95739,1418],{"id":1417},[20,95741,23175,95742,98],{},[15,95743,94679],{},[1030,95745,1435,95747,95749,95750,95752],{"id":95746},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95748,94679],{}," to always round ",[15,95751,95348],{}," upward",[20,95754,95755],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[47,95757,95758],{"className":49,"code":95353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,95759,95760,95774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95761,95762,95764,95766,95768,95770,95772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95763,112],{"class":111},[56,95765,115],{"class":70},[56,95767,94720],{"class":111},[56,95769,115],{"class":70},[56,95771,41238],{"class":74},[56,95773,1553],{"class":70},[56,95775,95776,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95777,112],{"class":111},[56,95779,115],{"class":70},[56,95781,94720],{"class":111},[56,95783,115],{"class":70},[56,95785,2140],{"class":74},[56,95787,1553],{"class":70},[20,95789,241],{},[47,95791,95792],{"className":49,"code":95388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,95793,95794,95798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95795,95796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95797,17137],{"class":74},[56,95799,95800],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95801,48731],{"class":74},[20,95803,95804],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1030,95806,95808],{"id":95807},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95810,95811,95813],{},[15,95812,94679],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[47,95815,95817],{"className":49,"code":95816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95818,95819,95827,95841,95845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95820,95821,95823,95825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95822,2544],{"class":62},[56,95824,67],{"class":66},[56,95826,95549],{"class":74},[56,95828,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837,95839],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95830,94720],{"class":111},[56,95832,115],{"class":70},[56,95834,2570],{"class":101},[56,95836,78],{"class":70},[56,95838,81],{"class":74},[56,95840,238],{"class":70},[56,95842,95843],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95844,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,95846,95847,95849,95851,95853],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95848,112],{"class":111},[56,95850,115],{"class":70},[56,95852,2570],{"class":101},[56,95854,238],{"class":70},[20,95856,241],{},[47,95858,95859],{"className":49,"code":95603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,95860,95861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95862,95863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95864,95603],{"class":74},[20,95866,95867],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[47,95869,95871],{"className":49,"code":95870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95872,95873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95874,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95876,2544],{"class":62},[56,95878,67],{"class":66},[56,95880,94997],{"class":111},[56,95882,115],{"class":70},[56,95884,2570],{"class":101},[56,95886,78],{"class":70},[56,95888,81],{"class":74},[56,95890,238],{"class":70},[1030,95892,95894],{"id":95893},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95896,16481],{},[47,95898,95900],{"className":49,"code":95899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95901,95902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95903,95904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95905,95899],{"class":123},[20,95907,95908],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[47,95910,95912],{"className":49,"code":95911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95913,95914,95926,95940,95944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95915,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95917,1466],{"class":62},[56,95919,67],{"class":66},[56,95921,191],{"class":180},[56,95923,40223],{"class":184},[56,95925,1476],{"class":180},[56,95927,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,95929,2315],{"class":62},[56,95931,67],{"class":66},[56,95933,40335],{"class":1545},[56,95935,115],{"class":70},[56,95937,1481],{"class":101},[56,95939,238],{"class":70},[56,95941,95942],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,95943,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,95945,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,95947,112],{"class":111},[56,95949,115],{"class":70},[56,95951,94720],{"class":111},[56,95953,115],{"class":70},[56,95955,2337],{"class":101},[56,95957,78],{"class":70},[56,95959,910],{"class":74},[56,95961,1553],{"class":70},[20,95963,241],{},[47,95965,95967],{"className":49,"code":95966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.1\n",[15,95968,95969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95970,95971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95972,95966],{"class":74},[1030,95974,95976],{"id":95975},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95978,95979,95981],{},[15,95980,94679],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95983,95984,95985,2976,95989,98],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[36,95986,95987],{"href":2979},[15,95988,2982],{},[36,95990,95991],{"href":2972},[15,95992,2975],{},[42,95994,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,95996,1892,95998,96000,96001,96003],{"id":95997},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95999,94679],{}," always round ",[15,96002,40294],{}," up?",[20,96005,96006],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1030,96008,1892,96010,96012],{"id":96009},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96011,94679],{}," change the original number?",[20,96014,96015],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1030,96017,5258,96019,96021],{"id":96018},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96020,94679],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96023,96024,96025,96027,96028,2976,96030,98],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96026,94829],{}," value like ",[15,96029,65928],{},[15,96031,95329],{},[1030,96033,1925,96035,96037,96038,1911],{"id":96034},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96036,94679],{}," on a string like ",[15,96039,48175],{},[20,96041,96042,96043,2976,96045,98],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96044,2982],{},[15,96046,2975],{},[42,96048,1996],{"id":1995},[143,96050,96051,96057,96063,96067],{},[146,96052,96053],{},[36,96054,2009,96055,2012],{"href":2979},[15,96056,2982],{},[146,96058,96059],{},[36,96060,2009,96061,2012],{"href":2972},[15,96062,2975],{},[146,96064,96065],{},[36,96066,2517],{"href":2516},[146,96068,96069],{},[36,96070,42260],{"href":40971},[2028,96072,96073],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":96075},[96076,96077,96079,96080,96082,96084,96086,96087,96088,96090,96097,96107],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":94771,"depth":92,"text":96078},"What round() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":94925,"depth":92,"text":96081},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95063,"depth":92,"text":96083},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95220,"depth":92,"text":96085},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95341,"depth":92,"text":95342},{"id":95524,"depth":92,"text":95525},{"id":95672,"depth":92,"text":96089},"When to use round()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":96091},[96092,96094,96095,96096],{"id":95746,"depth":108,"text":96093},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95807,"depth":108,"text":95808},{"id":95893,"depth":108,"text":95894},{"id":95975,"depth":108,"text":95976},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":96098},[96099,96101,96103,96105],{"id":95997,"depth":108,"text":96100},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96009,"depth":108,"text":96102},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96018,"depth":108,"text":96104},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96034,"depth":108,"text":96106},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94671,"description":96108},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96115,"title":96116,"body":96117,"description":97302,"extension":2062,"meta":97303,"navigation":600,"path":97304,"seo":97305,"stem":97306,"__hash__":97307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96118,"toc":97276},[96119,96126,96132,96135,96137,96186,96190,96215,96220,96225,96230,96244,96255,96257,96276,96278,96294,96297,96308,96310,96312,96373,96377,96410,96417,96424,96427,96460,96463,96467,96470,96523,96527,96548,96554,96561,96568,96629,96637,96714,96718,96730,96739,96741,96747,96753,96757,96810,96813,96871,96875,96883,96886,96890,96893,96903,96905,97002,97005,97016,97019,97062,97066,97090,97093,97099,97101,97105,97130,97132,97199,97208,97210,97216,97221,97225,97228,97232,97239,97243,97248,97250,97267,97273],[10,96120,96122,96123,18],{"id":96121},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96124,96125],{},"add()",[20,96127,96128,96131],{},[15,96129,96130],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96133,96134],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,96136,2104],{"id":2103},[47,96138,96140],{"className":49,"code":96139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96141,96142,96162,96176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96143,96144,96146,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96145,63],{"class":62},[56,96147,67],{"class":66},[56,96149,10579],{"class":70},[56,96151,75],{"class":74},[56,96153,78],{"class":70},[56,96155,81],{"class":74},[56,96157,78],{"class":70},[56,96159,86],{"class":74},[56,96161,9397],{"class":70},[56,96163,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96165,95],{"class":62},[56,96167,98],{"class":70},[56,96169,82025],{"class":101},[56,96171,115],{"class":70},[56,96173,2602],{"class":74},[56,96175,238],{"class":70},[56,96177,96178,96180,96182,96184],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96179,112],{"class":111},[56,96181,115],{"class":70},[56,96183,95],{"class":101},[56,96185,238],{"class":70},[20,96187,96188],{},[540,96189,241],{},[47,96191,96193],{"className":49,"code":96192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96194,96195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96196,96197,96199,96201,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96198,9366],{"class":70},[56,96200,75],{"class":74},[56,96202,78],{"class":70},[56,96204,81],{"class":74},[56,96206,78],{"class":70},[56,96208,86],{"class":74},[56,96210,78],{"class":70},[56,96212,2554],{"class":74},[56,96214,9397],{"class":70},[20,96216,650,96217,96219],{},[15,96218,96125],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,96221,133,96223,136],{"id":96222},"what-setadd-does",[15,96224,96130],{},[20,96226,96227,96229],{},[15,96228,96130],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[143,96231,96232,96235,96238,96241],{},[146,96233,96234],{},"Adds one item to a set",[146,96236,96237],{},"Changes the original set in place",[146,96239,96240],{},"Does not return a new set",[146,96242,96243],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96245,96246,96247,2976,96251,98],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[36,96248,96250],{"href":96249},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[36,96252,96254],{"href":96253},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[42,96256,289],{"id":288},[47,96258,96260],{"className":49,"code":96259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96261,96262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96263,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96265,15746],{"class":62},[56,96267,98],{"class":70},[56,96269,82025],{"class":101},[56,96271,115],{"class":70},[56,96273,23391],{"class":101},[56,96275,238],{"class":70},[20,96277,11546],{},[143,96279,96280,96285,96288],{},[146,96281,55984,96282,96284],{},[15,96283,96125],{}," on an existing set",[146,96286,96287],{},"Pass exactly one item",[146,96289,96290,96291],{},"The item must be ",[540,96292,96293],{},"hashable",[20,96295,96296],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[143,96298,96299,96301,96303,96306],{},[146,96300,56537],{},[146,96302,56540],{},[146,96304,96305],{},"Tuples",[146,96307,40675],{},[42,96309,425],{"id":424},[20,96311,11564],{},[47,96313,96315],{"className":49,"code":96314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96316,96317,96341,96359,96363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96318,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96320,334],{"class":62},[56,96322,67],{"class":66},[56,96324,10579],{"class":70},[56,96326,181],{"class":180},[56,96328,343],{"class":184},[56,96330,181],{"class":180},[56,96332,78],{"class":70},[56,96334,191],{"class":180},[56,96336,361],{"class":184},[56,96338,181],{"class":180},[56,96340,9397],{"class":70},[56,96342,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96344,370],{"class":62},[56,96346,98],{"class":70},[56,96348,82025],{"class":101},[56,96350,115],{"class":70},[56,96352,181],{"class":180},[56,96354,352],{"class":184},[56,96356,181],{"class":180},[56,96358,238],{"class":70},[56,96360,96361],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96362,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96364,96365,96367,96369,96371],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96366,112],{"class":111},[56,96368,115],{"class":70},[56,96370,370],{"class":101},[56,96372,238],{"class":70},[20,96374,96375],{},[540,96376,30111],{},[47,96378,96380],{"className":49,"code":96379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96381,96382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96383,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96385,9366],{"class":70},[56,96387,254],{"class":180},[56,96389,343],{"class":184},[56,96391,254],{"class":180},[56,96393,78],{"class":70},[56,96395,263],{"class":180},[56,96397,352],{"class":184},[56,96399,254],{"class":180},[56,96401,78],{"class":70},[56,96403,263],{"class":180},[56,96405,361],{"class":184},[56,96407,254],{"class":180},[56,96409,9397],{"class":70},[20,96411,96412,96413,96416],{},"The new value ",[15,96414,96415],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96418,96419,96420,96423],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[540,96421,96422],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96425,96426],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[47,96428,96430],{"className":49,"code":96429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96431,96432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96433,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96435,9366],{"class":70},[56,96437,254],{"class":180},[56,96439,361],{"class":184},[56,96441,254],{"class":180},[56,96443,78],{"class":70},[56,96445,263],{"class":180},[56,96447,343],{"class":184},[56,96449,254],{"class":180},[56,96451,78],{"class":70},[56,96453,263],{"class":180},[56,96455,352],{"class":184},[56,96457,254],{"class":180},[56,96459,9397],{"class":70},[20,96461,96462],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[42,96464,96466],{"id":96465},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96468,96469],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[47,96471,96473],{"className":49,"code":96472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96474,96475,96495,96509,96513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96476,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96478,63],{"class":62},[56,96480,67],{"class":66},[56,96482,10579],{"class":70},[56,96484,75],{"class":74},[56,96486,78],{"class":70},[56,96488,81],{"class":74},[56,96490,78],{"class":70},[56,96492,86],{"class":74},[56,96494,9397],{"class":70},[56,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96498,95],{"class":62},[56,96500,98],{"class":70},[56,96502,82025],{"class":101},[56,96504,115],{"class":70},[56,96506,1097],{"class":74},[56,96508,238],{"class":70},[56,96510,96511],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96512,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96514,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96516,112],{"class":111},[56,96518,115],{"class":70},[56,96520,95],{"class":101},[56,96522,238],{"class":70},[20,96524,96525],{},[540,96526,241],{},[47,96528,96530],{"className":49,"code":96529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96531,96532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96533,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96535,9366],{"class":70},[56,96537,75],{"class":74},[56,96539,78],{"class":70},[56,96541,81],{"class":74},[56,96543,78],{"class":70},[56,96545,86],{"class":74},[56,96547,9397],{"class":70},[20,96549,96550,96551,96553],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96552,1097],{}," was already present.",[42,96555,96557,1021,96559],{"id":96556},"add-vs-update",[15,96558,96125],{},[15,96560,15033],{},[20,96562,650,96563,96565,96566,98],{},[15,96564,96125],{}," when you want to add ",[540,96567,52738],{},[47,96569,96571],{"className":49,"code":96570,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96572,96573,96597,96615,96619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96574,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96576,173],{"class":62},[56,96578,67],{"class":66},[56,96580,10579],{"class":70},[56,96582,181],{"class":180},[56,96584,36],{"class":184},[56,96586,181],{"class":180},[56,96588,78],{"class":70},[56,96590,191],{"class":180},[56,96592,194],{"class":184},[56,96594,181],{"class":180},[56,96596,9397],{"class":70},[56,96598,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96600,221],{"class":62},[56,96602,98],{"class":70},[56,96604,82025],{"class":101},[56,96606,115],{"class":70},[56,96608,181],{"class":180},[56,96610,203],{"class":184},[56,96612,181],{"class":180},[56,96614,238],{"class":70},[56,96616,96617],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96618,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96620,96621,96623,96625,96627],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96622,112],{"class":111},[56,96624,115],{"class":70},[56,96626,221],{"class":101},[56,96628,238],{"class":70},[20,96630,650,96631,96565,96633,96636],{},[15,96632,15033],{},[540,96634,96635],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[47,96638,96640],{"className":49,"code":96639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96641,96642,96666,96700,96704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96643,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96645,173],{"class":62},[56,96647,67],{"class":66},[56,96649,10579],{"class":70},[56,96651,181],{"class":180},[56,96653,36],{"class":184},[56,96655,181],{"class":180},[56,96657,78],{"class":70},[56,96659,191],{"class":180},[56,96661,194],{"class":184},[56,96663,181],{"class":180},[56,96665,9397],{"class":70},[56,96667,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96669,221],{"class":62},[56,96671,98],{"class":70},[56,96673,30546],{"class":101},[56,96675,3084],{"class":70},[56,96677,181],{"class":180},[56,96679,203],{"class":184},[56,96681,181],{"class":180},[56,96683,78],{"class":70},[56,96685,191],{"class":180},[56,96687,212],{"class":184},[56,96689,181],{"class":180},[56,96691,78],{"class":70},[56,96693,191],{"class":180},[56,96695,60523],{"class":184},[56,96697,181],{"class":180},[56,96699,1607],{"class":70},[56,96701,96702],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96703,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96705,96706,96708,96710,96712],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96707,112],{"class":111},[56,96709,115],{"class":70},[56,96711,221],{"class":101},[56,96713,238],{"class":70},[1030,96715,96717],{"id":96716},"key-difference","Key difference",[143,96719,96720,96725],{},[146,96721,96722,96724],{},[15,96723,96125],{}," adds one item",[146,96726,96727,96729],{},[15,96728,15033],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96731,96732,96733,98],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[36,96734,96736,96737,1384],{"href":96735},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96738,15033],{},[42,96740,17500],{"id":17499},[20,96742,96743,2494,96745,98],{},[15,96744,96130],{},[15,96746,157],{},[20,96748,96749,96750,96752],{},"That means you should ",[540,96751,931],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1030,96754,96756],{"id":96755},"correct","Correct",[47,96758,96760],{"className":49,"code":96759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96761,96762,96782,96796,96800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96763,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96765,15708],{"class":62},[56,96767,67],{"class":66},[56,96769,10579],{"class":70},[56,96771,75],{"class":74},[56,96773,78],{"class":70},[56,96775,81],{"class":74},[56,96777,78],{"class":70},[56,96779,86],{"class":74},[56,96781,9397],{"class":70},[56,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96785,15746],{"class":62},[56,96787,98],{"class":70},[56,96789,82025],{"class":101},[56,96791,115],{"class":70},[56,96793,2602],{"class":74},[56,96795,238],{"class":70},[56,96797,96798],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96799,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96801,96802,96804,96806,96808],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96803,112],{"class":111},[56,96805,115],{"class":70},[56,96807,15746],{"class":101},[56,96809,238],{"class":70},[1030,96811,96812],{"id":61845},"Wrong",[47,96814,96816],{"className":49,"code":96815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96817,96818,96838,96857,96861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96821,15708],{"class":62},[56,96823,67],{"class":66},[56,96825,10579],{"class":70},[56,96827,75],{"class":74},[56,96829,78],{"class":70},[56,96831,81],{"class":74},[56,96833,78],{"class":70},[56,96835,86],{"class":74},[56,96837,9397],{"class":70},[56,96839,96840,96842,96844,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96841,15708],{"class":62},[56,96843,67],{"class":66},[56,96845,96846],{"class":62}," my_set",[56,96848,98],{"class":70},[56,96850,82025],{"class":101},[56,96852,115],{"class":70},[56,96854,2602],{"class":74},[56,96856,238],{"class":70},[56,96858,96859],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96860,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96862,96863,96865,96867,96869],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96864,112],{"class":111},[56,96866,115],{"class":70},[56,96868,15746],{"class":101},[56,96870,238],{"class":70},[20,96872,96873],{},[540,96874,241],{},[47,96876,96877],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,96878,96879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96880,96881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96882,894],{"class":893},[20,96884,96885],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[42,96887,96889],{"id":96888},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96891,96892],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[143,96894,96895,96897,96899,96901],{},[146,96896,56537],{},[146,96898,56540],{},[146,96900,96305],{},[146,96902,40675],{},[20,96904,163],{},[47,96906,96908],{"className":49,"code":96907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96909,96910,96920,96924,96938,96956,96974,96988,96992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96911,96912,96914,96916,96918],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96913,7871],{"class":62},[56,96915,67],{"class":66},[56,96917,15713],{"class":1545},[56,96919,105],{"class":70},[56,96921,96922],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,96923,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,96927,7900],{"class":62},[56,96929,98],{"class":70},[56,96931,82025],{"class":101},[56,96933,115],{"class":70},[56,96935,444],{"class":74},[56,96937,238],{"class":70},[56,96939,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,96941,7900],{"class":62},[56,96943,98],{"class":70},[56,96945,82025],{"class":101},[56,96947,115],{"class":70},[56,96949,181],{"class":180},[56,96951,1473],{"class":184},[56,96953,181],{"class":180},[56,96955,238],{"class":70},[56,96957,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,96959,7900],{"class":62},[56,96961,98],{"class":70},[56,96963,82025],{"class":101},[56,96965,5600],{"class":70},[56,96967,75],{"class":74},[56,96969,78],{"class":70},[56,96971,81],{"class":74},[56,96973,1553],{"class":70},[56,96975,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,96977,7900],{"class":62},[56,96979,98],{"class":70},[56,96981,82025],{"class":101},[56,96983,115],{"class":70},[56,96985,3698],{"class":893},[56,96987,238],{"class":70},[56,96989,96990],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,96991,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,96993,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,96995,112],{"class":111},[56,96997,115],{"class":70},[56,96999,7900],{"class":101},[56,97001,238],{"class":70},[20,97003,97004],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[143,97006,97007,97010,97013],{},[146,97008,97009],{},"Lists",[146,97011,97012],{},"Dictionaries",[146,97014,97015],{},"Sets",[20,97017,97018],{},"Example that causes an error:",[47,97020,97022],{"className":49,"code":97021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97023,97024,97044],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97025,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97027,7871],{"class":62},[56,97029,67],{"class":66},[56,97031,10579],{"class":70},[56,97033,75],{"class":74},[56,97035,78],{"class":70},[56,97037,81],{"class":74},[56,97039,78],{"class":70},[56,97041,86],{"class":74},[56,97043,9397],{"class":70},[56,97045,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97047,7900],{"class":62},[56,97049,98],{"class":70},[56,97051,82025],{"class":101},[56,97053,3084],{"class":70},[56,97055,2602],{"class":74},[56,97057,78],{"class":70},[56,97059,4693],{"class":74},[56,97061,1607],{"class":70},[20,97063,97064],{},[540,97065,29762],{},[47,97067,97069],{"className":49,"code":97068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97070,97071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97072,97073,97075,97077,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97074,3103],{"class":1545},[56,97076,141],{"class":70},[56,97078,97079],{"class":62}," unhashable ",[56,97081,1546],{"class":1545},[56,97083,141],{"class":70},[56,97085,263],{"class":180},[56,97087,1644],{"class":184},[56,97089,29781],{"class":180},[20,97091,97092],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97094,97095,97096,98],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97097,97098],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[42,97100,1418],{"id":1417},[20,97102,14812,97103,141],{},[15,97104,96130],{},[143,97106,97107,97112,97117,97120,97127],{},[146,97108,1441,97109,97111],{},[15,97110,96125],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[146,97113,1435,97114,97116],{},[15,97115,96125],{}," to return the updated set",[146,97118,97119],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[146,97121,1447,97122,97124,97125],{},[15,97123,96130],{}," with list ",[15,97126,52734],{},[146,97128,97129],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97131,71580],{},[47,97133,97135],{"className":49,"code":97134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97136,97137,97147,97161,97171,97185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97138,97139,97141,97143,97145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97140,112],{"class":111},[56,97142,115],{"class":70},[56,97144,15746],{"class":101},[56,97146,238],{"class":70},[56,97148,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97150,112],{"class":111},[56,97152,115],{"class":70},[56,97154,1546],{"class":1545},[56,97156,115],{"class":70},[56,97158,15746],{"class":101},[56,97160,1553],{"class":70},[56,97162,97163,97165,97167,97169],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97164,112],{"class":111},[56,97166,115],{"class":70},[56,97168,2570],{"class":101},[56,97170,238],{"class":70},[56,97172,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97174,112],{"class":111},[56,97176,115],{"class":70},[56,97178,1546],{"class":1545},[56,97180,115],{"class":70},[56,97182,2570],{"class":101},[56,97184,1553],{"class":70},[56,97186,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,97188,32235],{"class":111},[56,97190,115],{"class":70},[56,97192,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97194,98],{"class":70},[56,97196,82025],{"class":24831},[56,97198,238],{"class":70},[20,97200,97201,97202,97204,97205,98],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97203,96130],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[36,97206,53130],{"href":97207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[42,97209,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,97211,1892,97213,97215],{"id":97212},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97214,96130],{}," return a new set?",[20,97217,97218,97219,98],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97220,157],{},[1030,97222,97224],{"id":97223},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97226,97227],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1030,97229,97231],{"id":97230},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97233,650,97234,11180,97237,98],{},[15,97235,97236],{},"set.update()",[15,97238,96125],{},[1030,97240,97242],{"id":97241},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97244,97245,97246,98],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97247,3103],{},[42,97249,1996],{"id":1995},[143,97251,97252,97256,97261],{},[146,97253,97254],{},[36,97255,96250],{"href":96249},[146,97257,97258],{},[36,97259,97260],{"href":96253},"How to create a set in Python",[146,97262,97263],{},[36,97264,96736,97265,1384],{"href":96735},[15,97266,15033],{},[20,97268,97269,97270,97272],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97271,96125],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2028,97274,97275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":97277},[97278,97279,97281,97282,97283,97284,97288,97292,97293,97294,97301],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":96222,"depth":92,"text":97280},"What set.add() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":96465,"depth":92,"text":96466},{"id":96556,"depth":92,"text":97285,"children":97286},"add() vs update()",[97287],{"id":96716,"depth":108,"text":96717},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500,"children":97289},[97290,97291],{"id":96755,"depth":108,"text":96756},{"id":61845,"depth":108,"text":96812},{"id":96888,"depth":92,"text":96889},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":97295},[97296,97298,97299,97300],{"id":97212,"depth":108,"text":97297},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97223,"depth":108,"text":97224},{"id":97230,"depth":108,"text":97231},{"id":97241,"depth":108,"text":97242},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96116,"description":97302},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97309,"title":97310,"body":97311,"description":98480,"extension":2062,"meta":98481,"navigation":600,"path":98482,"seo":98483,"stem":98484,"__hash__":98485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97312,"toc":98447},[97313,97318,97324,97331,97376,97378,97389,97394,97399,97403,97417,97422,97424,97426,97441,97443,97457,97459,97461,97526,97528,97538,97540,97558,97564,97571,97576,97650,97652,97669,97675,97680,97751,97753,97780,97797,97800,97806,97808,97815,97819,97886,97888,97903,97906,97959,97961,97969,97981,97983,97987,97992,97994,98043,98045,98053,98055,98100,98102,98112,98118,98126,98139,98145,98147,98176,98178,98196,98200,98203,98234,98236,98254,98258,98333,98335,98351,98358,98360,98365,98370,98376,98379,98383,98391,98398,98406,98408,98444],[10,97314,96122,97316,18],{"id":97315},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97317,11410],{},[20,97319,97320,97323],{},[15,97321,97322],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97325,97326,97327,97330],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[540,97328,97329],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[47,97332,97334],{"className":49,"code":97333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97335,97336,97356,97366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97337,97338,97340,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352,97354],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97339,63],{"class":62},[56,97341,67],{"class":66},[56,97343,10579],{"class":70},[56,97345,75],{"class":74},[56,97347,78],{"class":70},[56,97349,81],{"class":74},[56,97351,78],{"class":70},[56,97353,86],{"class":74},[56,97355,9397],{"class":70},[56,97357,97358,97360,97362,97364],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97359,95],{"class":62},[56,97361,98],{"class":70},[56,97363,11471],{"class":101},[56,97365,105],{"class":70},[56,97367,97368,97370,97372,97374],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97369,112],{"class":111},[56,97371,115],{"class":70},[56,97373,95],{"class":101},[56,97375,238],{"class":70},[20,97377,241],{},[47,97379,97381],{"className":49,"code":97380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n",[15,97382,97383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97384,97385,97387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97386,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97388,105],{"class":70},[20,97390,97391,97393],{},[15,97392,11410],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[42,97395,133,97397,136],{"id":97396},"what-setclear-does",[15,97398,97322],{},[20,97400,2079,97401,11501],{},[15,97402,11410],{},[143,97404,97405,97408,97410,97414],{},[146,97406,97407],{},"Removes every item from a set",[146,97409,96237],{},[146,97411,154,97412],{},[15,97413,157],{},[146,97415,97416],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97418,96246,97419,71679],{},[36,97420,96250],{"href":97421},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[42,97423,289],{"id":288},[20,97425,54526],{},[47,97427,97429],{"className":49,"code":97428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97430,97431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97432,97433,97435,97437,97439],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97434,15746],{"class":62},[56,97436,98],{"class":70},[56,97438,11471],{"class":101},[56,97440,105],{"class":70},[20,97442,311],{},[143,97444,97445,97448,97451,97454],{},[146,97446,97447],{},"It takes no arguments",[146,97449,97450],{},"It empties the set",[146,97452,97453],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[146,97455,97456],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[42,97458,425],{"id":424},[20,97460,11564],{},[47,97462,97464],{"className":49,"code":97463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97465,97466,97498,97502,97512,97516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97467,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492,97494,97496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97469,334],{"class":62},[56,97471,67],{"class":66},[56,97473,10579],{"class":70},[56,97475,181],{"class":180},[56,97477,343],{"class":184},[56,97479,181],{"class":180},[56,97481,78],{"class":70},[56,97483,191],{"class":180},[56,97485,352],{"class":184},[56,97487,181],{"class":180},[56,97489,78],{"class":70},[56,97491,191],{"class":180},[56,97493,361],{"class":184},[56,97495,181],{"class":180},[56,97497,9397],{"class":70},[56,97499,97500],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97501,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97503,97504,97506,97508,97510],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97505,370],{"class":62},[56,97507,98],{"class":70},[56,97509,11471],{"class":101},[56,97511,105],{"class":70},[56,97513,97514],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97515,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97517,97518,97520,97522,97524],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,97519,112],{"class":111},[56,97521,115],{"class":70},[56,97523,370],{"class":101},[56,97525,238],{"class":70},[20,97527,241],{},[47,97529,97530],{"className":49,"code":97380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,97531,97532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97533,97534,97536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97535,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97537,105],{"class":70},[20,97539,513],{},[143,97541,97542,97547,97552],{},[146,97543,97544,97546],{},[15,97545,370],{}," starts with three values",[146,97548,97549,11782],{},[15,97550,97551],{},"colors.clear()",[146,97553,97554,97555,97557],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97556,3886],{},", which means an empty set",[42,97559,97561,97563],{"id":97560},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97562,11410],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97565,97566,4480,97568,97570],{},[15,97567,11410],{},[15,97569,3886],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1030,97572,1441,97574],{"id":97573},"using-clear",[15,97575,11410],{},[47,97577,97579],{"className":49,"code":97578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97580,97581,97601,97611,97615,97625,97629,97639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97582,97583,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97584,7871],{"class":62},[56,97586,67],{"class":66},[56,97588,10579],{"class":70},[56,97590,75],{"class":74},[56,97592,78],{"class":70},[56,97594,81],{"class":74},[56,97596,78],{"class":70},[56,97598,86],{"class":74},[56,97600,9397],{"class":70},[56,97602,97603,97606,97608],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97604,97605],{"class":62},"other_name ",[56,97607,67],{"class":66},[56,97609,97610],{"class":62}," items\n",[56,97612,97613],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97614,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97616,97617,97619,97621,97623],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97618,7900],{"class":62},[56,97620,98],{"class":70},[56,97622,11471],{"class":101},[56,97624,105],{"class":70},[56,97626,97627],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,97628,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97630,97631,97633,97635,97637],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,97632,112],{"class":111},[56,97634,115],{"class":70},[56,97636,7900],{"class":101},[56,97638,238],{"class":70},[56,97640,97641,97643,97645,97648],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,97642,112],{"class":111},[56,97644,115],{"class":70},[56,97646,97647],{"class":101},"other_name",[56,97649,238],{"class":70},[20,97651,241],{},[47,97653,97655],{"className":49,"code":97654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97656,97657,97663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97658,97659,97661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97660,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97662,105],{"class":70},[56,97664,97665,97667],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97666,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97668,105],{"class":70},[20,97670,97671,97672,98],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[540,97673,97674],{},"same set object",[1030,97676,1441,97678],{"id":97677},"using-set",[15,97679,3886],{},[47,97681,97683],{"className":49,"code":97682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97684,97685,97705,97713,97717,97727,97731,97741],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97686,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97688,7871],{"class":62},[56,97690,67],{"class":66},[56,97692,10579],{"class":70},[56,97694,75],{"class":74},[56,97696,78],{"class":70},[56,97698,81],{"class":74},[56,97700,78],{"class":70},[56,97702,86],{"class":74},[56,97704,9397],{"class":70},[56,97706,97707,97709,97711],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97708,97605],{"class":62},[56,97710,67],{"class":66},[56,97712,97610],{"class":62},[56,97714,97715],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97716,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97720,7871],{"class":62},[56,97722,67],{"class":66},[56,97724,15713],{"class":1545},[56,97726,105],{"class":70},[56,97728,97729],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,97730,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97732,97733,97735,97737,97739],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,97734,112],{"class":111},[56,97736,115],{"class":70},[56,97738,7900],{"class":101},[56,97740,238],{"class":70},[56,97742,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,97744,112],{"class":111},[56,97746,115],{"class":70},[56,97748,97647],{"class":101},[56,97750,238],{"class":70},[20,97752,241],{},[47,97754,97756],{"className":49,"code":97755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97757,97758,97764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97759,97760,97762],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97761,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97763,105],{"class":70},[56,97765,97766,97768,97770,97772,97774,97776,97778],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97767,9366],{"class":70},[56,97769,75],{"class":74},[56,97771,78],{"class":70},[56,97773,81],{"class":74},[56,97775,78],{"class":70},[56,97777,86],{"class":74},[56,97779,9397],{"class":70},[20,97781,20851,97782,93014,97785,97788,97789,98,97791,97793,97794,97796],{},[15,97783,97784],{},"items = set()",[540,97786,97787],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97790,7900],{},[9934,97792],{},"\nBut ",[15,97795,97647],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97798,97799],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97801,97802,97803,98],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[36,97804,96254],{"href":97805},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[42,97807,17500],{"id":17499},[20,97809,97810,14132,97812,97814],{},[15,97811,11410],{},[540,97813,931],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97816,5236,97817,98],{},[15,97818,157],{},[47,97820,97822],{"className":49,"code":97821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97823,97824,97844,97848,97862,97866,97876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97825,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97827,63],{"class":62},[56,97829,67],{"class":66},[56,97831,10579],{"class":70},[56,97833,75],{"class":74},[56,97835,78],{"class":70},[56,97837,81],{"class":74},[56,97839,78],{"class":70},[56,97841,86],{"class":74},[56,97843,9397],{"class":70},[56,97845,97846],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97847,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97849,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97851,1156],{"class":62},[56,97853,67],{"class":66},[56,97855,850],{"class":62},[56,97857,98],{"class":70},[56,97859,11471],{"class":101},[56,97861,105],{"class":70},[56,97863,97864],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97865,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97867,97868,97870,97872,97874],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,97869,112],{"class":111},[56,97871,115],{"class":70},[56,97873,1190],{"class":101},[56,97875,238],{"class":70},[56,97877,97878,97880,97882,97884],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,97879,112],{"class":111},[56,97881,115],{"class":70},[56,97883,95],{"class":101},[56,97885,238],{"class":70},[20,97887,241],{},[47,97889,97891],{"className":49,"code":97890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\nset()\n",[15,97892,97893,97897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97894,97895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97896,894],{"class":893},[56,97898,97899,97901],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97900,6377],{"class":1545},[56,97902,105],{"class":70},[20,97904,97905],{},"Do not do this:",[47,97907,97909],{"className":49,"code":97908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97910,97911,97931,97945,97949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97912,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97914,63],{"class":62},[56,97916,67],{"class":66},[56,97918,10579],{"class":70},[56,97920,75],{"class":74},[56,97922,78],{"class":70},[56,97924,81],{"class":74},[56,97926,78],{"class":70},[56,97928,86],{"class":74},[56,97930,9397],{"class":70},[56,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,97934,63],{"class":62},[56,97936,67],{"class":66},[56,97938,850],{"class":62},[56,97940,98],{"class":70},[56,97942,11471],{"class":101},[56,97944,105],{"class":70},[56,97946,97947],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,97948,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,97950,97951,97953,97955,97957],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,97952,112],{"class":111},[56,97954,115],{"class":70},[56,97956,95],{"class":101},[56,97958,238],{"class":70},[20,97960,241],{},[47,97962,97963],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,97964,97965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97966,97967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97968,894],{"class":893},[20,97970,22270,97971,2494,97973,97975,97976,97978,97979,98],{},[15,97972,54639],{},[15,97974,157],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97977,157],{}," back to ",[15,97980,95],{},[42,97982,4606],{"id":4605},[20,97984,10835,97985,98],{},[15,97986,97322],{},[1030,97988,1429,97990],{"id":97989},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97991,11410],{},[20,97993,16724],{},[47,97995,97997],{"className":49,"code":97996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97998,97999,98019,98033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98000,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98002,15708],{"class":62},[56,98004,67],{"class":66},[56,98006,10579],{"class":70},[56,98008,75],{"class":74},[56,98010,78],{"class":70},[56,98012,81],{"class":74},[56,98014,78],{"class":70},[56,98016,86],{"class":74},[56,98018,9397],{"class":70},[56,98020,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98022,15708],{"class":62},[56,98024,67],{"class":66},[56,98026,96846],{"class":62},[56,98028,98],{"class":70},[56,98030,11471],{"class":101},[56,98032,105],{"class":70},[56,98034,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98036,112],{"class":111},[56,98038,115],{"class":70},[56,98040,15746],{"class":101},[56,98042,238],{"class":70},[20,98044,241],{},[47,98046,98047],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98048,98049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98050,98051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98052,894],{"class":893},[20,98054,16736],{},[47,98056,98058],{"className":49,"code":98057,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98059,98060,98080,98090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98063,15708],{"class":62},[56,98065,67],{"class":66},[56,98067,10579],{"class":70},[56,98069,75],{"class":74},[56,98071,78],{"class":70},[56,98073,81],{"class":74},[56,98075,78],{"class":70},[56,98077,86],{"class":74},[56,98079,9397],{"class":70},[56,98081,98082,98084,98086,98088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98083,15746],{"class":62},[56,98085,98],{"class":70},[56,98087,11471],{"class":101},[56,98089,105],{"class":70},[56,98091,98092,98094,98096,98098],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98093,112],{"class":111},[56,98095,115],{"class":70},[56,98097,15746],{"class":101},[56,98099,238],{"class":70},[20,98101,241],{},[47,98103,98104],{"className":49,"code":97380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98105,98106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98107,98108,98110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98109,6377],{"class":1545},[56,98111,105],{"class":70},[1030,98113,1435,98115,98117],{"id":98114},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98116,11410],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98119,98120,98122,98123,98125],{},[15,98121,11410],{}," removes ",[540,98124,3805],{}," items from the set.",[20,98127,98128,98129,2976,98134,98],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[36,98130,98132],{"href":98131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98133,55605],{},[36,98135,98137],{"href":98136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98138,12844],{},[1030,98140,1441,98142,98144],{"id":98141},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98143,3881],{}," for an empty set",[20,98146,25772],{},[47,98148,98150],{"className":49,"code":98149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98151,98152,98161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98153,98154,98157,98159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98155,98156],{"class":62},"empty_value ",[56,98158,67],{"class":66},[56,98160,9926],{"class":70},[56,98162,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98174],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98164,112],{"class":111},[56,98166,115],{"class":70},[56,98168,1546],{"class":1545},[56,98170,115],{"class":70},[56,98172,98173],{"class":101},"empty_value",[56,98175,1553],{"class":70},[20,98177,241],{},[47,98179,98180],{"className":49,"code":8895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98181,98182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98183,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98185,1635],{"class":66},[56,98187,1639],{"class":1638},[56,98189,263],{"class":180},[56,98191,8908],{"class":184},[56,98193,254],{"class":180},[56,98195,1649],{"class":66},[20,98197,98198,8875],{},[15,98199,3881],{},[20,98201,98202],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[47,98204,98206],{"className":49,"code":98205,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98207,98208,98219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98209,98210,98213,98215,98217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98211,98212],{"class":62},"empty_set ",[56,98214,67],{"class":66},[56,98216,15713],{"class":1545},[56,98218,105],{"class":70},[56,98220,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98232],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98222,112],{"class":111},[56,98224,115],{"class":70},[56,98226,1546],{"class":1545},[56,98228,115],{"class":70},[56,98230,98231],{"class":101},"empty_set",[56,98233,1553],{"class":70},[20,98235,241],{},[47,98237,98238],{"className":49,"code":8939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98239,98240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98241,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98243,1635],{"class":66},[56,98245,1639],{"class":1638},[56,98247,263],{"class":180},[56,98249,6377],{"class":184},[56,98251,254],{"class":180},[56,98253,1649],{"class":66},[1030,98255,98257],{"id":98256},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[47,98259,98261],{"className":49,"code":98260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98262,98263,98287,98295,98299,98309,98313,98323],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98264,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98266,2652],{"class":62},[56,98268,67],{"class":66},[56,98270,10579],{"class":70},[56,98272,181],{"class":180},[56,98274,2271],{"class":184},[56,98276,181],{"class":180},[56,98278,78],{"class":70},[56,98280,191],{"class":180},[56,98282,11831],{"class":184},[56,98284,181],{"class":180},[56,98286,9397],{"class":70},[56,98288,98289,98291,98293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98290,2680],{"class":62},[56,98292,67],{"class":66},[56,98294,36255],{"class":62},[56,98296,98297],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98298,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,98300,98301,98303,98305,98307],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,98302,36],{"class":62},[56,98304,98],{"class":70},[56,98306,11471],{"class":101},[56,98308,105],{"class":70},[56,98310,98311],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,98312,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,98314,98315,98317,98319,98321],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,98316,112],{"class":111},[56,98318,115],{"class":70},[56,98320,36],{"class":101},[56,98322,238],{"class":70},[56,98324,98325,98327,98329,98331],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,98326,112],{"class":111},[56,98328,115],{"class":70},[56,98330,194],{"class":101},[56,98332,238],{"class":70},[20,98334,241],{},[47,98336,98337],{"className":49,"code":97654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98338,98339,98345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98340,98341,98343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98342,6377],{"class":1545},[56,98344,105],{"class":70},[56,98346,98347,98349],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98348,6377],{"class":1545},[56,98350,105],{"class":70},[20,98352,29142,98353,4480,98355,98357],{},[15,98354,36],{},[15,98356,194],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[42,98359,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,98361,5230,98363,5233],{"id":98362},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98364,97322],{},[20,98366,5236,98367,98369],{},[15,98368,157],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1030,98371,1892,98373,98375],{"id":98372},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98374,11410],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98377,98378],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1030,98380,98382],{"id":98381},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98384,98385,98386,98388,98389,98],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98387,11410],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98390,3886],{},[1030,98392,5268,98394,4480,98396,1911],{"id":98393},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98395,11410],{},[15,98397,3886],{},[20,98399,98400,98402,98403,98405],{},[15,98401,11410],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98404,3886],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[42,98407,1996],{"id":1995},[143,98409,98410,98414,98418,98425,98431,98437],{},[146,98411,98412],{},[36,98413,96250],{"href":97421},[146,98415,98416],{},[36,98417,97260],{"href":97805},[146,98419,98420],{},[36,98421,96736,98423,1384],{"href":98422},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98424,96125],{},[146,98426,98427],{},[36,98428,96736,98429,1384],{"href":98131},[15,98430,55605],{},[146,98432,98433],{},[36,98434,96736,98435,1384],{"href":98136},[15,98436,12844],{},[146,98438,98439],{},[36,98440,96736,98442,1384],{"href":98441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98443,15033],{},[2028,98445,98446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":98448},[98449,98451,98452,98453,98460,98461,98470,98479],{"id":97396,"depth":92,"text":98450},"What set.clear() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":97560,"depth":92,"text":98454,"children":98455},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98456,98458],{"id":97573,"depth":108,"text":98457},"Using clear()",{"id":97677,"depth":108,"text":98459},"Using set()",{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":98462},[98463,98465,98467,98469],{"id":97989,"depth":108,"text":98464},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98114,"depth":108,"text":98466},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98141,"depth":108,"text":98468},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98256,"depth":108,"text":98257},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":98471},[98472,98474,98476,98477],{"id":98362,"depth":108,"text":98473},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98372,"depth":108,"text":98475},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98381,"depth":108,"text":98382},{"id":98393,"depth":108,"text":98478},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97310,"description":98480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98487,"title":98488,"body":98489,"description":100321,"extension":2062,"meta":100322,"navigation":600,"path":96253,"seo":100323,"stem":100324,"__hash__":100325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98490,"toc":100278},[98491,98494,98497,98500,98502,98605,98609,98656,98662,98664,98683,98687,98690,98692,98706,98715,98719,98722,98757,98761,98781,98784,98788,98791,98852,98856,98881,98888,98894,98899,98901,98913,98917,98966,98970,98994,99001,99005,99046,99050,99071,99075,99108,99112,99153,99156,99160,99165,99204,99208,99233,99238,99244,99281,99285,99308,99312,99314,99317,99320,99397,99401,99438,99441,99445,99451,99454,99464,99513,99519,99525,99552,99555,99577,99579,99610,99613,99617,99621,99660,99664,99727,99730,99763,99767,99792,99794,99797,99803,99806,99833,99836,99854,99858,99862,99865,99908,99911,99915,99918,99921,99951,99954,99958,99961,99976,99981,99985,99988,100077,100079,100082,100172,100175,100193,100195,100199,100209,100213,100221,100225,100228,100232,100235,100239,100242,100244,100272,100275],[10,98492,98488],{"id":98493},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98495,98496],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98498,98499],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[42,98501,45],{"id":44},[47,98503,98505],{"className":49,"code":98504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98506,98507,98527,98561,98571,98575,98585,98595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98508,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98510,63],{"class":62},[56,98512,67],{"class":66},[56,98514,10579],{"class":70},[56,98516,75],{"class":74},[56,98518,78],{"class":70},[56,98520,81],{"class":74},[56,98522,78],{"class":70},[56,98524,86],{"class":74},[56,98526,9397],{"class":70},[56,98528,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98530,4159],{"class":62},[56,98532,67],{"class":66},[56,98534,15713],{"class":1545},[56,98536,3084],{"class":70},[56,98538,181],{"class":180},[56,98540,562],{"class":184},[56,98542,181],{"class":180},[56,98544,78],{"class":70},[56,98546,191],{"class":180},[56,98548,571],{"class":184},[56,98550,181],{"class":180},[56,98552,78],{"class":70},[56,98554,191],{"class":180},[56,98556,562],{"class":184},[56,98558,181],{"class":180},[56,98560,1607],{"class":70},[56,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98564,98212],{"class":62},[56,98566,67],{"class":66},[56,98568,15713],{"class":1545},[56,98570,105],{"class":70},[56,98572,98573],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,98574,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,98576,98577,98579,98581,98583],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,98578,112],{"class":111},[56,98580,115],{"class":70},[56,98582,95],{"class":101},[56,98584,238],{"class":70},[56,98586,98587,98589,98591,98593],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,98588,112],{"class":111},[56,98590,115],{"class":70},[56,98592,4200],{"class":101},[56,98594,238],{"class":70},[56,98596,98597,98599,98601,98603],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,98598,112],{"class":111},[56,98600,115],{"class":70},[56,98602,98231],{"class":101},[56,98604,238],{"class":70},[20,98606,98607],{},[540,98608,241],{},[47,98610,98612],{"className":49,"code":98611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98613,98614,98630,98650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98617,9366],{"class":70},[56,98619,75],{"class":74},[56,98621,78],{"class":70},[56,98623,81],{"class":74},[56,98625,78],{"class":70},[56,98627,86],{"class":74},[56,98629,9397],{"class":70},[56,98631,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98633,9366],{"class":70},[56,98635,254],{"class":180},[56,98637,571],{"class":184},[56,98639,254],{"class":180},[56,98641,78],{"class":70},[56,98643,263],{"class":180},[56,98645,562],{"class":184},[56,98647,254],{"class":180},[56,98649,9397],{"class":70},[56,98651,98652,98654],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98653,6377],{"class":1545},[56,98655,105],{"class":70},[20,98657,98658,98659,98661],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98660,3886],{}," for an empty set.",[42,98663,15242],{"id":15241},[143,98665,98666,98669,98674,98677,98680],{},[146,98667,98668],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[146,98670,98671,98672],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98673,3886],{},[146,98675,98676],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[146,98678,98679],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[146,98681,98682],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[42,98684,98686],{"id":98685},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98688,98689],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98691,30622],{},[143,98693,98694,98697,98700,98703],{},[146,98695,98696],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[146,98698,98699],{},"Sets are unordered",[146,98701,98702],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[146,98704,98705],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98707,98708,98709,2976,98711,98],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[36,98710,96250],{"href":97421},[36,98712,98714],{"href":98713},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[42,98716,98718],{"id":98717},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98720,98721],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[47,98723,98725],{"className":49,"code":98724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98726,98727,98747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98728,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98730,63],{"class":62},[56,98732,67],{"class":66},[56,98734,10579],{"class":70},[56,98736,75],{"class":74},[56,98738,78],{"class":70},[56,98740,81],{"class":74},[56,98742,78],{"class":70},[56,98744,86],{"class":74},[56,98746,9397],{"class":70},[56,98748,98749,98751,98753,98755],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98750,112],{"class":111},[56,98752,115],{"class":70},[56,98754,95],{"class":101},[56,98756,238],{"class":70},[20,98758,98759],{},[540,98760,30111],{},[47,98762,98763],{"className":49,"code":96529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98764,98765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98766,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98768,9366],{"class":70},[56,98770,75],{"class":74},[56,98772,78],{"class":70},[56,98774,81],{"class":74},[56,98776,78],{"class":70},[56,98778,86],{"class":74},[56,98780,9397],{"class":70},[20,98782,98783],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1030,98785,98787],{"id":98786},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98789,98790],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[47,98792,98794],{"className":49,"code":98793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98795,98796,98828,98838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98797,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98799,63],{"class":62},[56,98801,67],{"class":66},[56,98803,10579],{"class":70},[56,98805,75],{"class":74},[56,98807,78],{"class":70},[56,98809,81],{"class":74},[56,98811,78],{"class":70},[56,98813,81],{"class":74},[56,98815,78],{"class":70},[56,98817,86],{"class":74},[56,98819,78],{"class":70},[56,98821,86],{"class":74},[56,98823,78],{"class":70},[56,98825,86],{"class":74},[56,98827,9397],{"class":70},[56,98829,98830,98832,98834,98836],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98831,112],{"class":111},[56,98833,115],{"class":70},[56,98835,95],{"class":101},[56,98837,238],{"class":70},[56,98839,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,98841,112],{"class":111},[56,98843,115],{"class":70},[56,98845,11250],{"class":111},[56,98847,115],{"class":70},[56,98849,95],{"class":101},[56,98851,1553],{"class":70},[20,98853,98854],{},[540,98855,30111],{},[47,98857,98859],{"className":49,"code":98858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98860,98861,98877],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98862,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98864,9366],{"class":70},[56,98866,75],{"class":74},[56,98868,78],{"class":70},[56,98870,81],{"class":74},[56,98872,78],{"class":70},[56,98874,86],{"class":74},[56,98876,9397],{"class":70},[56,98878,98879],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98880,46697],{"class":74},[20,98882,21058,98883,4480,98885,98887],{},[15,98884,1097],{},[15,98886,901],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[42,98889,98891,98892],{"id":98890},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98893,3886],{},[20,98895,650,98896,98898],{},[15,98897,3886],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98900,5547],{},[143,98902,98903,98905,98907,98909],{},[146,98904,97009],{},[146,98906,96305],{},[146,98908,56540],{},[146,98910,98911],{},[15,98912,36278],{},[1030,98914,98916],{"id":98915},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[47,98918,98920],{"className":49,"code":98919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98921,98922,98956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98923,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98925,63],{"class":62},[56,98927,67],{"class":66},[56,98929,15713],{"class":1545},[56,98931,3084],{"class":70},[56,98933,75],{"class":74},[56,98935,78],{"class":70},[56,98937,81],{"class":74},[56,98939,78],{"class":70},[56,98941,81],{"class":74},[56,98943,78],{"class":70},[56,98945,86],{"class":74},[56,98947,78],{"class":70},[56,98949,86],{"class":74},[56,98951,78],{"class":70},[56,98953,2554],{"class":74},[56,98955,1607],{"class":70},[56,98957,98958,98960,98962,98964],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,98959,112],{"class":111},[56,98961,115],{"class":70},[56,98963,95],{"class":101},[56,98965,238],{"class":70},[20,98967,98968],{},[540,98969,30111],{},[47,98971,98972],{"className":49,"code":96192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,98973,98974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98977,9366],{"class":70},[56,98979,75],{"class":74},[56,98981,78],{"class":70},[56,98983,81],{"class":74},[56,98985,78],{"class":70},[56,98987,86],{"class":74},[56,98989,78],{"class":70},[56,98991,2554],{"class":74},[56,98993,9397],{"class":70},[20,98995,98996,98997,98],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[36,98998,99000],{"href":98999},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1030,99002,99004],{"id":99003},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[47,99006,99008],{"className":49,"code":99007,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99009,99010,99036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99013,3912],{"class":62},[56,99015,67],{"class":66},[56,99017,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99019,5600],{"class":70},[56,99021,444],{"class":74},[56,99023,78],{"class":70},[56,99025,449],{"class":74},[56,99027,78],{"class":70},[56,99029,449],{"class":74},[56,99031,78],{"class":70},[56,99033,454],{"class":74},[56,99035,1553],{"class":70},[56,99037,99038,99040,99042,99044],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99039,112],{"class":111},[56,99041,115],{"class":70},[56,99043,5448],{"class":101},[56,99045,238],{"class":70},[20,99047,99048],{},[540,99049,30111],{},[47,99051,99053],{"className":49,"code":99052,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99054,99055],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99056,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99058,9366],{"class":70},[56,99060,444],{"class":74},[56,99062,78],{"class":70},[56,99064,449],{"class":74},[56,99066,78],{"class":70},[56,99068,454],{"class":74},[56,99070,9397],{"class":70},[1030,99072,99074],{"id":99073},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[47,99076,99078],{"className":49,"code":99077,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99079,99080,99098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99081,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99083,173],{"class":62},[56,99085,67],{"class":66},[56,99087,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99089,115],{"class":70},[56,99091,181],{"class":180},[56,99093,1473],{"class":184},[56,99095,181],{"class":180},[56,99097,238],{"class":70},[56,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99101,112],{"class":111},[56,99103,115],{"class":70},[56,99105,221],{"class":101},[56,99107,238],{"class":70},[20,99109,99110],{},[540,99111,30111],{},[47,99113,99115],{"className":49,"code":99114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99116,99117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99118,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99120,9366],{"class":70},[56,99122,254],{"class":180},[56,99124,60514],{"class":184},[56,99126,254],{"class":180},[56,99128,78],{"class":70},[56,99130,263],{"class":180},[56,99132,60523],{"class":184},[56,99134,254],{"class":180},[56,99136,78],{"class":70},[56,99138,263],{"class":180},[56,99140,60532],{"class":184},[56,99142,254],{"class":180},[56,99144,78],{"class":70},[56,99146,263],{"class":180},[56,99148,60549],{"class":184},[56,99150,254],{"class":180},[56,99152,9397],{"class":70},[20,99154,99155],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[42,99157,99159],{"id":99158},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99161,99162,99163,98],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99164,3886],{},[47,99166,99168],{"className":49,"code":99167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99169,99170,99180,99190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99171,99172,99174,99176,99178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99173,98212],{"class":62},[56,99175,67],{"class":66},[56,99177,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99179,105],{"class":70},[56,99181,99182,99184,99186,99188],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99183,112],{"class":111},[56,99185,115],{"class":70},[56,99187,98231],{"class":101},[56,99189,238],{"class":70},[56,99191,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,99193,112],{"class":111},[56,99195,115],{"class":70},[56,99197,1546],{"class":1545},[56,99199,115],{"class":70},[56,99201,98231],{"class":101},[56,99203,1553],{"class":70},[20,99205,99206],{},[540,99207,241],{},[47,99209,99211],{"className":49,"code":99210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99212,99213,99219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99214,99215,99217],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99216,6377],{"class":1545},[56,99218,105],{"class":70},[56,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99222,1635],{"class":66},[56,99224,1639],{"class":1638},[56,99226,263],{"class":180},[56,99228,6377],{"class":184},[56,99230,254],{"class":180},[56,99232,1649],{"class":66},[1030,99234,44509,99236],{"id":99235},"do-not-use",[15,99237,3881],{},[20,99239,99240,99241,99243],{},"Empty braces do ",[540,99242,931],{}," create a set.",[47,99245,99247],{"className":49,"code":99246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99248,99249,99257,99267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99250,99251,99253,99255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99252,98156],{"class":62},[56,99254,67],{"class":66},[56,99256,9926],{"class":70},[56,99258,99259,99261,99263,99265],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99260,112],{"class":111},[56,99262,115],{"class":70},[56,99264,98173],{"class":101},[56,99266,238],{"class":70},[56,99268,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,99270,112],{"class":111},[56,99272,115],{"class":70},[56,99274,1546],{"class":1545},[56,99276,115],{"class":70},[56,99278,98173],{"class":101},[56,99280,1553],{"class":70},[20,99282,99283],{},[540,99284,241],{},[47,99286,99288],{"className":49,"code":99287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99289,99290,99294],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99291,99292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99293,9523],{"class":70},[56,99295,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99297,1635],{"class":66},[56,99299,1639],{"class":1638},[56,99301,263],{"class":180},[56,99303,8908],{"class":184},[56,99305,254],{"class":180},[56,99307,1649],{"class":66},[20,99309,99310,8875],{},[15,99311,3881],{},[42,99313,72342],{"id":72341},[20,99315,99316],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99318,99319],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[47,99321,99323],{"className":49,"code":99322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99324,99325,99373,99383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99326,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99328,4159],{"class":62},[56,99330,67],{"class":66},[56,99332,10579],{"class":70},[56,99334,181],{"class":180},[56,99336,562],{"class":184},[56,99338,181],{"class":180},[56,99340,78],{"class":70},[56,99342,191],{"class":180},[56,99344,571],{"class":184},[56,99346,181],{"class":180},[56,99348,78],{"class":70},[56,99350,191],{"class":180},[56,99352,562],{"class":184},[56,99354,181],{"class":180},[56,99356,78],{"class":70},[56,99358,191],{"class":180},[56,99360,562],{"class":184},[56,99362,181],{"class":180},[56,99364,78],{"class":70},[56,99366,191],{"class":180},[56,99368,33304],{"class":184},[56,99370,181],{"class":180},[56,99372,9397],{"class":70},[56,99374,99375,99377,99379,99381],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99376,112],{"class":111},[56,99378,115],{"class":70},[56,99380,4200],{"class":101},[56,99382,238],{"class":70},[56,99384,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,99386,112],{"class":111},[56,99388,115],{"class":70},[56,99390,11250],{"class":111},[56,99392,115],{"class":70},[56,99394,4200],{"class":101},[56,99396,1553],{"class":70},[20,99398,99399],{},[540,99400,30111],{},[47,99402,99404],{"className":49,"code":99403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99405,99406,99434],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99409,9366],{"class":70},[56,99411,254],{"class":180},[56,99413,571],{"class":184},[56,99415,254],{"class":180},[56,99417,78],{"class":70},[56,99419,263],{"class":180},[56,99421,33304],{"class":184},[56,99423,254],{"class":180},[56,99425,78],{"class":70},[56,99427,263],{"class":180},[56,99429,562],{"class":184},[56,99431,254],{"class":180},[56,99433,9397],{"class":70},[56,99435,99436],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99437,46697],{"class":74},[20,99439,99440],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[42,99442,99444],{"id":99443},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99446,99447,99448,99450],{},"Set items must be ",[540,99449,96293],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99452,99453],{},"These usually work:",[143,99455,99456,99458,99460,99462],{},[146,99457,56537],{},[146,99459,56540],{},[146,99461,96305],{},[146,99463,40675],{},[47,99465,99467],{"className":49,"code":99466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99468,99469,99503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99470,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99472,3912],{"class":62},[56,99474,67],{"class":66},[56,99476,10579],{"class":70},[56,99478,75],{"class":74},[56,99480,78],{"class":70},[56,99482,191],{"class":180},[56,99484,562],{"class":184},[56,99486,181],{"class":180},[56,99488,78],{"class":70},[56,99490,9324],{"class":70},[56,99492,444],{"class":74},[56,99494,78],{"class":70},[56,99496,449],{"class":74},[56,99498,9321],{"class":70},[56,99500,4004],{"class":893},[56,99502,9397],{"class":70},[56,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99506,112],{"class":111},[56,99508,115],{"class":70},[56,99510,5448],{"class":101},[56,99512,238],{"class":70},[20,99514,99515,99516,99518],{},"These do ",[540,99517,931],{}," work directly:",[143,99520,99521,99523],{},[146,99522,97009],{},[146,99524,97012],{},[47,99526,99528],{"className":49,"code":99527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99529,99530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99531,99532,99535,99537,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99533,99534],{"class":62},"bad_set ",[56,99536,67],{"class":66},[56,99538,99539],{"class":70}," {[",[56,99541,75],{"class":74},[56,99543,78],{"class":70},[56,99545,81],{"class":74},[56,99547,78],{"class":70},[56,99549,86],{"class":74},[56,99551,13784],{"class":70},[20,99553,99554],{},"This raises an error:",[47,99556,99557],{"className":49,"code":97068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,99558,99559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99560,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99562,3103],{"class":1545},[56,99564,141],{"class":70},[56,99566,97079],{"class":62},[56,99568,1546],{"class":1545},[56,99570,141],{"class":70},[56,99572,263],{"class":180},[56,99574,1644],{"class":184},[56,99576,29781],{"class":180},[20,99578,52161],{},[47,99580,99582],{"className":49,"code":99581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99583,99584],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99585,99586,99588,99590,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99587,99534],{"class":62},[56,99589,67],{"class":66},[56,99591,99592],{"class":70}," {{",[56,99594,181],{"class":180},[56,99596,7759],{"class":184},[56,99598,181],{"class":180},[56,99600,141],{"class":70},[56,99602,191],{"class":180},[56,99604,7768],{"class":184},[56,99606,181],{"class":180},[56,99608,99609],{"class":70},"}}\n",[20,99611,99612],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[42,99614,99616],{"id":99615},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1030,99618,99620],{"id":99619},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[47,99622,99624],{"className":49,"code":99623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99625,99626,99650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99627,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99629,63],{"class":62},[56,99631,67],{"class":66},[56,99633,10579],{"class":70},[56,99635,75],{"class":74},[56,99637,78],{"class":70},[56,99639,81],{"class":74},[56,99641,78],{"class":70},[56,99643,86],{"class":74},[56,99645,78],{"class":70},[56,99647,2554],{"class":74},[56,99649,9397],{"class":70},[56,99651,99652,99654,99656,99658],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99653,112],{"class":111},[56,99655,115],{"class":70},[56,99657,95],{"class":101},[56,99659,238],{"class":70},[1030,99661,99663],{"id":99662},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[47,99665,99667],{"className":49,"code":99666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99668,99669,99697,99712,99716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99670,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99672,7871],{"class":62},[56,99674,67],{"class":66},[56,99676,71],{"class":70},[56,99678,75],{"class":74},[56,99680,78],{"class":70},[56,99682,910],{"class":74},[56,99684,78],{"class":70},[56,99686,81],{"class":74},[56,99688,78],{"class":70},[56,99690,86],{"class":74},[56,99692,78],{"class":70},[56,99694,86],{"class":74},[56,99696,89],{"class":70},[56,99698,99699,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99700,99701],{"class":62},"unique_items ",[56,99703,67],{"class":66},[56,99705,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99707,115],{"class":70},[56,99709,7900],{"class":101},[56,99711,238],{"class":70},[56,99713,99714],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,99715,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,99717,99718,99720,99722,99725],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,99719,112],{"class":111},[56,99721,115],{"class":70},[56,99723,99724],{"class":101},"unique_items",[56,99726,238],{"class":70},[1030,99728,99074],{"id":99729},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[47,99731,99733],{"className":49,"code":99732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99734,99735,99753],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99736,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99738,173],{"class":62},[56,99740,67],{"class":66},[56,99742,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99744,115],{"class":70},[56,99746,181],{"class":180},[56,99748,571],{"class":184},[56,99750,181],{"class":180},[56,99752,238],{"class":70},[56,99754,99755,99757,99759,99761],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99756,112],{"class":111},[56,99758,115],{"class":70},[56,99760,221],{"class":101},[56,99762,238],{"class":70},[1030,99764,99766],{"id":99765},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[47,99768,99770],{"className":49,"code":99769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99771,99772,99782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99773,99774,99776,99778,99780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99775,98212],{"class":62},[56,99777,67],{"class":66},[56,99779,15713],{"class":1545},[56,99781,105],{"class":70},[56,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99785,112],{"class":111},[56,99787,115],{"class":70},[56,99789,98231],{"class":101},[56,99791,238],{"class":70},[42,99793,1418],{"id":1417},[20,99795,99796],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1030,99798,1441,99800,99802],{"id":99799},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99801,3881],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99804,99805],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[47,99807,99809],{"className":49,"code":99808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99810,99811,99819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99812,99813,99815,99817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99814,2544],{"class":62},[56,99816,67],{"class":66},[56,99818,9926],{"class":70},[56,99820,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99822,112],{"class":111},[56,99824,115],{"class":70},[56,99826,1546],{"class":1545},[56,99828,115],{"class":70},[56,99830,2570],{"class":101},[56,99832,1553],{"class":70},[20,99834,99835],{},"This prints:",[47,99837,99838],{"className":49,"code":8895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,99839,99840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99843,1635],{"class":66},[56,99845,1639],{"class":1638},[56,99847,263],{"class":180},[56,99849,8908],{"class":184},[56,99851,254],{"class":180},[56,99853,1649],{"class":66},[20,99855,650,99856,6720],{},[15,99857,3886],{},[1030,99859,99861],{"id":99860},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99863,99864],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[47,99866,99868],{"className":49,"code":99867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99869,99870,99898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99871,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99873,63],{"class":62},[56,99875,67],{"class":66},[56,99877,10579],{"class":70},[56,99879,75],{"class":74},[56,99881,78],{"class":70},[56,99883,910],{"class":74},[56,99885,78],{"class":70},[56,99887,81],{"class":74},[56,99889,78],{"class":70},[56,99891,81],{"class":74},[56,99893,78],{"class":70},[56,99895,86],{"class":74},[56,99897,9397],{"class":70},[56,99899,99900,99902,99904,99906],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99901,112],{"class":111},[56,99903,115],{"class":70},[56,99905,95],{"class":101},[56,99907,238],{"class":70},[20,99909,99910],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1030,99912,99914],{"id":99913},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99916,99917],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99919,99920],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[47,99922,99924],{"className":49,"code":99923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99925,99926,99946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99929,63],{"class":62},[56,99931,67],{"class":66},[56,99933,10579],{"class":70},[56,99935,444],{"class":74},[56,99937,78],{"class":70},[56,99939,449],{"class":74},[56,99941,78],{"class":70},[56,99943,454],{"class":74},[56,99945,9397],{"class":70},[56,99947,99948],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99949,99950],{"class":123},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99952,99953],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1030,99955,99957],{"id":99956},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99959,99960],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[47,99962,99964],{"className":49,"code":99963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99965,99966,99971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99967,99968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99969,99970],{"class":123},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[56,99972,99973],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,99974,99975],{"class":123},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99977,99978,99979,98],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99980,3103],{},[1030,99982,99984],{"id":99983},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99986,99987],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[47,99989,99991],{"className":49,"code":99990,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99992,99993,100013,100045,100049,100063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99994,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99996,15708],{"class":62},[56,99998,67],{"class":66},[56,100000,10579],{"class":70},[56,100002,75],{"class":74},[56,100004,78],{"class":70},[56,100006,81],{"class":74},[56,100008,78],{"class":70},[56,100010,86],{"class":74},[56,100012,9397],{"class":70},[56,100014,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100016,11810],{"class":62},[56,100018,67],{"class":66},[56,100020,10579],{"class":70},[56,100022,181],{"class":180},[56,100024,36],{"class":184},[56,100026,181],{"class":180},[56,100028,141],{"class":70},[56,100030,910],{"class":74},[56,100032,78],{"class":70},[56,100034,191],{"class":180},[56,100036,194],{"class":184},[56,100038,181],{"class":180},[56,100040,141],{"class":70},[56,100042,81],{"class":74},[56,100044,9397],{"class":70},[56,100046,100047],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100048,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100050,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100052,112],{"class":111},[56,100054,115],{"class":70},[56,100056,1546],{"class":1545},[56,100058,115],{"class":70},[56,100060,15746],{"class":101},[56,100062,1553],{"class":70},[56,100064,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,100066,112],{"class":111},[56,100068,115],{"class":70},[56,100070,1546],{"class":1545},[56,100072,115],{"class":70},[56,100074,11537],{"class":101},[56,100076,1553],{"class":70},[42,100078,92705],{"id":92704},[20,100080,100081],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[47,100083,100085],{"className":49,"code":100084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100086,100087,100113,100117,100131,100141,100155,100162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100088,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100090,15708],{"class":62},[56,100092,67],{"class":66},[56,100094,15713],{"class":1545},[56,100096,3084],{"class":70},[56,100098,75],{"class":74},[56,100100,78],{"class":70},[56,100102,81],{"class":74},[56,100104,78],{"class":70},[56,100106,81],{"class":74},[56,100108,78],{"class":70},[56,100110,86],{"class":74},[56,100112,1607],{"class":70},[56,100114,100115],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100116,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100118,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100120,112],{"class":111},[56,100122,115],{"class":70},[56,100124,1546],{"class":1545},[56,100126,115],{"class":70},[56,100128,15746],{"class":101},[56,100130,1553],{"class":70},[56,100132,100133,100135,100137,100139],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100134,112],{"class":111},[56,100136,115],{"class":70},[56,100138,15746],{"class":101},[56,100140,238],{"class":70},[56,100142,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,100144,112],{"class":111},[56,100146,115],{"class":70},[56,100148,11250],{"class":111},[56,100150,115],{"class":70},[56,100152,15746],{"class":101},[56,100154,1553],{"class":70},[56,100156,100157,100159],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,100158,112],{"class":111},[56,100160,100161],{"class":70},"({})\n",[56,100163,100164,100166,100168,100170],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,100165,112],{"class":111},[56,100167,115],{"class":70},[56,100169,6377],{"class":1545},[56,100171,7284],{"class":70},[20,100173,100174],{},"Use these to confirm:",[143,100176,100177,100180,100183,100186],{},[146,100178,100179],{},"The object type",[146,100181,100182],{},"The actual values stored",[146,100184,100185],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[146,100187,100188,100189,4480,100191],{},"The difference between ",[15,100190,3881],{},[15,100192,3886],{},[42,100194,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,100196,100198],{"id":100197},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100200,100201,100202,100205,100206,100208],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100203,100204],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100207,3886],{}," with another iterable.",[1030,100210,100212],{"id":100211},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100214,650,100215,100217,100218,100220],{},[15,100216,3886],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100219,3881],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1030,100222,100224],{"id":100223},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100226,100227],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1030,100229,100231],{"id":100230},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100233,100234],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1030,100236,100238],{"id":100237},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100240,100241],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[42,100243,1996],{"id":1995},[143,100245,100246,100250,100256,100262,100267],{},[146,100247,100248],{},[36,100249,96250],{"href":97421},[146,100251,100252],{},[36,100253,2009,100254,1384],{"href":98422},[15,100255,96130],{},[146,100257,100258],{},[36,100259,2009,100260,1384],{"href":98441},[15,100261,97236],{},[146,100263,100264],{},[36,100265,100266],{"href":98999},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[146,100268,100269],{},[36,100270,100271],{"href":98713},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100273,100274],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2028,100276,100277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":100279},[100280,100281,100282,100283,100286,100292,100296,100297,100298,100304,100312,100313,100320],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":98685,"depth":92,"text":98686},{"id":98717,"depth":92,"text":98718,"children":100284},[100285],{"id":98786,"depth":108,"text":98787},{"id":98890,"depth":92,"text":100287,"children":100288},"Create a set with set()",[100289,100290,100291],{"id":98915,"depth":108,"text":98916},{"id":99003,"depth":108,"text":99004},{"id":99073,"depth":108,"text":99074},{"id":99158,"depth":92,"text":99159,"children":100293},[100294],{"id":99235,"depth":108,"text":100295},"Do not use {}",{"id":72341,"depth":92,"text":72342},{"id":99443,"depth":92,"text":99444},{"id":99615,"depth":92,"text":99616,"children":100299},[100300,100301,100302,100303],{"id":99619,"depth":108,"text":99620},{"id":99662,"depth":108,"text":99663},{"id":99729,"depth":108,"text":99074},{"id":99765,"depth":108,"text":99766},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":100305},[100306,100308,100309,100310,100311],{"id":99799,"depth":108,"text":100307},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99860,"depth":108,"text":99861},{"id":99913,"depth":108,"text":99914},{"id":99956,"depth":108,"text":99957},{"id":99983,"depth":108,"text":99984},{"id":92704,"depth":92,"text":92705},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":100314},[100315,100316,100317,100318,100319],{"id":100197,"depth":108,"text":100198},{"id":100211,"depth":108,"text":100212},{"id":100223,"depth":108,"text":100224},{"id":100230,"depth":108,"text":100231},{"id":100237,"depth":108,"text":100238},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98488,"description":100321},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100327,"title":100328,"body":100329,"description":102760,"extension":2062,"meta":102761,"navigation":600,"path":102762,"seo":102763,"stem":102764,"__hash__":102765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100330,"toc":102725},[100331,100337,100343,100346,100348,100425,100427,100444,100454,100456,100461,100469,100471,100487,100491,100493,100495,100498,100519,100522,100546,100552,100554,100651,100653,100670,100680,100682,100684,100692,100694,100705,100707,100798,100800,100824,100835,100837,100839,100842,100972,100974,101047,101049,101070,101073,101075,101081,101086,101089,101216,101218,101235,101238,101240,101248,101251,101255,101263,101354,101356,101393,101398,101405,101482,101484,101500,101505,101510,101512,101521,101529,101610,101612,101641,101644,101648,101659,101662,101745,101747,101768,101774,101776,101778,101782,101786,101793,101858,101860,101880,101883,101952,101954,101970,101974,101980,101992,102000,102002,102087,102089,102118,102121,102125,102130,102132,102182,102185,102266,102268,102284,102288,102291,102366,102369,102373,102376,102453,102455,102488,102494,102498,102501,102636,102638,102652,102654,102656,102662,102665,102672,102680,102686,102689,102693,102696,102698,102700,102722],[10,100332,96122,100334,18],{"id":100333},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100335,100336],{},"difference()",[20,100338,100339,100342],{},[15,100340,100341],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100344,100345],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[42,100347,45],{"id":44},[47,100349,100351],{"className":49,"code":100350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100352,100353,100377,100397,100415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100354,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100356,2652],{"class":62},[56,100358,67],{"class":66},[56,100360,10579],{"class":70},[56,100362,75],{"class":74},[56,100364,78],{"class":70},[56,100366,81],{"class":74},[56,100368,78],{"class":70},[56,100370,86],{"class":74},[56,100372,78],{"class":70},[56,100374,2554],{"class":74},[56,100376,9397],{"class":70},[56,100378,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100380,2680],{"class":62},[56,100382,67],{"class":66},[56,100384,10579],{"class":70},[56,100386,901],{"class":74},[56,100388,78],{"class":70},[56,100390,2554],{"class":74},[56,100392,78],{"class":70},[56,100394,4693],{"class":74},[56,100396,9397],{"class":70},[56,100398,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100400,1156],{"class":62},[56,100402,67],{"class":66},[56,100404,56962],{"class":62},[56,100406,98],{"class":70},[56,100408,2910],{"class":101},[56,100410,115],{"class":70},[56,100412,194],{"class":101},[56,100414,238],{"class":70},[56,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100418,112],{"class":111},[56,100420,115],{"class":70},[56,100422,1190],{"class":101},[56,100424,238],{"class":70},[20,100426,241],{},[47,100428,100430],{"className":49,"code":100429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100431,100432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100433,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100435,9366],{"class":70},[56,100437,75],{"class":74},[56,100439,78],{"class":70},[56,100441,81],{"class":74},[56,100443,9397],{"class":70},[20,100445,100446,100448,100449,100451,100452,98],{},[15,100447,100336],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100450,36],{}," that are not in ",[15,100453,194],{},[44997,100455],{},[42,100457,133,100459,136],{"id":100458},"what-difference-does",[15,100460,100336],{},[20,100462,2079,100463,100465,100466,100468],{},[15,100464,100336],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[540,100467,931],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100470,311],{},[143,100472,100473,100478,100481,100484],{},[146,100474,100475,100477],{},[15,100476,100336],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[146,100479,100480],{},"It creates a new set",[146,100482,100483],{},"It does not change the original set",[146,100485,100486],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100488,96246,100489,98],{},[36,100490,96250],{"href":97421},[44997,100492],{},[42,100494,289],{"id":288},[20,100496,100497],{},"Use this form:",[47,100499,100501],{"className":49,"code":100500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100502,100503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100504,100505,100508,100510,100512,100514,100517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100506,100507],{"class":62},"set1",[56,100509,98],{"class":70},[56,100511,2910],{"class":101},[56,100513,115],{"class":70},[56,100515,100516],{"class":101},"set2",[56,100518,238],{"class":70},[20,100520,100521],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[47,100523,100525],{"className":49,"code":100524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100526,100527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100528,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100530,100507],{"class":62},[56,100532,98],{"class":70},[56,100534,2910],{"class":101},[56,100536,115],{"class":70},[56,100538,100516],{"class":101},[56,100540,78],{"class":70},[56,100542,100543],{"class":101}," set3",[56,100545,238],{"class":70},[20,100547,100548,100549,100551],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[540,100550,5443],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100553,163],{},[47,100555,100557],{"className":49,"code":100556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100558,100559,100587,100603,100615,100619,100641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100560,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100562,2652],{"class":62},[56,100564,67],{"class":66},[56,100566,10579],{"class":70},[56,100568,75],{"class":74},[56,100570,78],{"class":70},[56,100572,81],{"class":74},[56,100574,78],{"class":70},[56,100576,86],{"class":74},[56,100578,78],{"class":70},[56,100580,2554],{"class":74},[56,100582,78],{"class":70},[56,100584,4693],{"class":74},[56,100586,9397],{"class":70},[56,100588,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100590,2680],{"class":62},[56,100592,67],{"class":66},[56,100594,10579],{"class":70},[56,100596,1097],{"class":74},[56,100598,78],{"class":70},[56,100600,86],{"class":74},[56,100602,9397],{"class":70},[56,100604,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100606,83105],{"class":62},[56,100608,67],{"class":66},[56,100610,10579],{"class":70},[56,100612,2235],{"class":74},[56,100614,9397],{"class":70},[56,100616,100617],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100618,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100620,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,100622,1156],{"class":62},[56,100624,67],{"class":66},[56,100626,56962],{"class":62},[56,100628,98],{"class":70},[56,100630,2910],{"class":101},[56,100632,115],{"class":70},[56,100634,194],{"class":101},[56,100636,78],{"class":70},[56,100638,9770],{"class":101},[56,100640,238],{"class":70},[56,100642,100643,100645,100647,100649],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,100644,112],{"class":111},[56,100646,115],{"class":70},[56,100648,1190],{"class":101},[56,100650,238],{"class":70},[20,100652,241],{},[47,100654,100656],{"className":49,"code":100655,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100657,100658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100659,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100661,9366],{"class":70},[56,100663,75],{"class":74},[56,100665,78],{"class":70},[56,100667,2554],{"class":74},[56,100669,9397],{"class":70},[20,100671,100672,100673,100675,100676,2976,100678,98],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100674,36],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100677,194],{},[15,100679,203],{},[44997,100681],{},[42,100683,17500],{"id":17499},[20,100685,100686,100688,100689,98],{},[15,100687,100336],{}," always returns a ",[540,100690,100691],{},"new set",[20,100693,43730],{},[143,100695,100696,100699,100702],{},[146,100697,100698],{},"The return value is a new set",[146,100700,100701],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[146,100703,100704],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100706,163],{},[47,100708,100710],{"className":49,"code":100709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100711,100712,100728,100748,100752,100770,100774,100784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100713,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100715,2652],{"class":62},[56,100717,67],{"class":66},[56,100719,10579],{"class":70},[56,100721,75],{"class":74},[56,100723,78],{"class":70},[56,100725,81],{"class":74},[56,100727,9397],{"class":70},[56,100729,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100731,2680],{"class":62},[56,100733,67],{"class":66},[56,100735,10579],{"class":70},[56,100737,75],{"class":74},[56,100739,78],{"class":70},[56,100741,81],{"class":74},[56,100743,78],{"class":70},[56,100745,86],{"class":74},[56,100747,9397],{"class":70},[56,100749,100750],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100751,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100753,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100755,1156],{"class":62},[56,100757,67],{"class":66},[56,100759,56962],{"class":62},[56,100761,98],{"class":70},[56,100763,2910],{"class":101},[56,100765,115],{"class":70},[56,100767,194],{"class":101},[56,100769,238],{"class":70},[56,100771,100772],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,100773,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100775,100776,100778,100780,100782],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,100777,112],{"class":111},[56,100779,115],{"class":70},[56,100781,1190],{"class":101},[56,100783,238],{"class":70},[56,100785,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,100787,112],{"class":111},[56,100789,115],{"class":70},[56,100791,1546],{"class":1545},[56,100793,115],{"class":70},[56,100795,1190],{"class":101},[56,100797,1553],{"class":70},[20,100799,241],{},[47,100801,100802],{"className":49,"code":99210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,100803,100804,100810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100805,100806,100808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100807,6377],{"class":1545},[56,100809,105],{"class":70},[56,100811,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100813,1635],{"class":66},[56,100815,1639],{"class":1638},[56,100817,263],{"class":180},[56,100819,6377],{"class":184},[56,100821,254],{"class":180},[56,100823,1649],{"class":66},[20,100825,100826,100827,19043,100829,100831,100832,100834],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100828,3886],{},[15,100830,3881],{},". In Python, ",[15,100833,3881],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44997,100836],{},[42,100838,425],{"id":424},[20,100840,100841],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[47,100843,100845],{"className":49,"code":100844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100846,100847,100880,100913,100917,100937,100941,100951,100962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100848,100849,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100850,100851],{"class":62},"fruits_a ",[56,100853,67],{"class":66},[56,100855,10579],{"class":70},[56,100857,181],{"class":180},[56,100859,562],{"class":184},[56,100861,181],{"class":180},[56,100863,78],{"class":70},[56,100865,191],{"class":180},[56,100867,571],{"class":184},[56,100869,181],{"class":180},[56,100871,78],{"class":70},[56,100873,191],{"class":180},[56,100875,33304],{"class":184},[56,100877,181],{"class":180},[56,100879,9397],{"class":70},[56,100881,100882,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100883,100884],{"class":62},"fruits_b ",[56,100886,67],{"class":66},[56,100888,10579],{"class":70},[56,100890,181],{"class":180},[56,100892,571],{"class":184},[56,100894,181],{"class":180},[56,100896,78],{"class":70},[56,100898,191],{"class":180},[56,100900,33304],{"class":184},[56,100902,181],{"class":180},[56,100904,78],{"class":70},[56,100906,191],{"class":180},[56,100908,22614],{"class":184},[56,100910,181],{"class":180},[56,100912,9397],{"class":70},[56,100914,100915],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,100916,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100918,100919,100921,100923,100926,100928,100930,100932,100935],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,100920,1156],{"class":62},[56,100922,67],{"class":66},[56,100924,100925],{"class":62}," fruits_a",[56,100927,98],{"class":70},[56,100929,2910],{"class":101},[56,100931,115],{"class":70},[56,100933,100934],{"class":101},"fruits_b",[56,100936,238],{"class":70},[56,100938,100939],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,100940,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,100942,100943,100945,100947,100949],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,100944,112],{"class":111},[56,100946,115],{"class":70},[56,100948,1190],{"class":101},[56,100950,238],{"class":70},[56,100952,100953,100955,100957,100960],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,100954,112],{"class":111},[56,100956,115],{"class":70},[56,100958,100959],{"class":101},"fruits_a",[56,100961,238],{"class":70},[56,100963,100964,100966,100968,100970],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,100965,112],{"class":111},[56,100967,115],{"class":70},[56,100969,100934],{"class":101},[56,100971,238],{"class":70},[20,100973,30111],{},[47,100975,100977],{"className":49,"code":100976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100978,100979,100991,101019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100980,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100982,9366],{"class":70},[56,100984,254],{"class":180},[56,100986,562],{"class":184},[56,100988,254],{"class":180},[56,100990,9397],{"class":70},[56,100992,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,100994,9366],{"class":70},[56,100996,254],{"class":180},[56,100998,571],{"class":184},[56,101000,254],{"class":180},[56,101002,78],{"class":70},[56,101004,263],{"class":180},[56,101006,33304],{"class":184},[56,101008,254],{"class":180},[56,101010,78],{"class":70},[56,101012,263],{"class":180},[56,101014,562],{"class":184},[56,101016,254],{"class":180},[56,101018,9397],{"class":70},[56,101020,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101022,9366],{"class":70},[56,101024,254],{"class":180},[56,101026,571],{"class":184},[56,101028,254],{"class":180},[56,101030,78],{"class":70},[56,101032,263],{"class":180},[56,101034,33304],{"class":184},[56,101036,254],{"class":180},[56,101038,78],{"class":70},[56,101040,263],{"class":180},[56,101042,22614],{"class":184},[56,101044,254],{"class":180},[56,101046,9397],{"class":70},[20,101048,513],{},[143,101050,101051,101056,101061,101067],{},[146,101052,101053,101054],{},"Start with ",[15,101055,100959],{},[146,101057,101058,101059],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101060,100934],{},[146,101062,101063,101064,101066],{},"Only ",[15,101065,57908],{}," remains",[146,101068,101069],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101071,101072],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44997,101074],{},[42,101076,1441,101078,101080],{"id":101077},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101079,100336],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101082,101083,101084,98],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101085,100336],{},[20,101087,101088],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[47,101090,101092],{"className":49,"code":101091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101093,101094,101126,101143,101156,101173,101177,101206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101095,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101097,63],{"class":62},[56,101099,67],{"class":66},[56,101101,10579],{"class":70},[56,101103,75],{"class":74},[56,101105,78],{"class":70},[56,101107,81],{"class":74},[56,101109,78],{"class":70},[56,101111,86],{"class":74},[56,101113,78],{"class":70},[56,101115,2554],{"class":74},[56,101117,78],{"class":70},[56,101119,4693],{"class":74},[56,101121,78],{"class":70},[56,101123,37722],{"class":74},[56,101125,9397],{"class":70},[56,101127,101128,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101129,101130],{"class":62},"group_a ",[56,101132,67],{"class":66},[56,101134,10579],{"class":70},[56,101136,1097],{"class":74},[56,101138,78],{"class":70},[56,101140,2554],{"class":74},[56,101142,9397],{"class":70},[56,101144,101145,101148,101150,101152,101154],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101146,101147],{"class":62},"group_b ",[56,101149,67],{"class":66},[56,101151,10579],{"class":70},[56,101153,2235],{"class":74},[56,101155,9397],{"class":70},[56,101157,101158,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101159,101160],{"class":62},"group_c ",[56,101162,67],{"class":66},[56,101164,10579],{"class":70},[56,101166,80513],{"class":74},[56,101168,78],{"class":70},[56,101170,6084],{"class":74},[56,101172,9397],{"class":70},[56,101174,101175],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101176,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101178,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101194,101196,101199,101201,101204],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,101180,1156],{"class":62},[56,101182,67],{"class":66},[56,101184,850],{"class":62},[56,101186,98],{"class":70},[56,101188,2910],{"class":101},[56,101190,115],{"class":70},[56,101192,101193],{"class":101},"group_a",[56,101195,78],{"class":70},[56,101197,101198],{"class":101}," group_b",[56,101200,78],{"class":70},[56,101202,101203],{"class":101}," group_c",[56,101205,238],{"class":70},[56,101207,101208,101210,101212,101214],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,101209,112],{"class":111},[56,101211,115],{"class":70},[56,101213,1190],{"class":101},[56,101215,238],{"class":70},[20,101217,241],{},[47,101219,101221],{"className":49,"code":101220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101222,101223],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101224,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101226,9366],{"class":70},[56,101228,75],{"class":74},[56,101230,78],{"class":70},[56,101232,86],{"class":74},[56,101234,9397],{"class":70},[20,101236,101237],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44997,101239],{},[42,101241,101243,1021,101245],{"id":101242},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101244,100336],{},[15,101246,101247],{},"difference_update()",[20,101249,101250],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1030,101252,101253],{"id":2910},[15,101254,100336],{},[143,101256,101257,101260],{},[146,101258,101259],{},"Returns a new set",[146,101261,101262],{},"Does not change the original set",[47,101264,101266],{"className":49,"code":101265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101267,101268,101292,101308,101312,101330,101334,101344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101271,2652],{"class":62},[56,101273,67],{"class":66},[56,101275,10579],{"class":70},[56,101277,75],{"class":74},[56,101279,78],{"class":70},[56,101281,81],{"class":74},[56,101283,78],{"class":70},[56,101285,86],{"class":74},[56,101287,78],{"class":70},[56,101289,2554],{"class":74},[56,101291,9397],{"class":70},[56,101293,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101295,2680],{"class":62},[56,101297,67],{"class":66},[56,101299,10579],{"class":70},[56,101301,901],{"class":74},[56,101303,78],{"class":70},[56,101305,2554],{"class":74},[56,101307,9397],{"class":70},[56,101309,101310],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101311,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101315,1156],{"class":62},[56,101317,67],{"class":66},[56,101319,56962],{"class":62},[56,101321,98],{"class":70},[56,101323,2910],{"class":101},[56,101325,115],{"class":70},[56,101327,194],{"class":101},[56,101329,238],{"class":70},[56,101331,101332],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101333,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101335,101336,101338,101340,101342],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,101337,112],{"class":111},[56,101339,115],{"class":70},[56,101341,1190],{"class":101},[56,101343,238],{"class":70},[56,101345,101346,101348,101350,101352],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,101347,112],{"class":111},[56,101349,115],{"class":70},[56,101351,36],{"class":101},[56,101353,238],{"class":70},[20,101355,241],{},[47,101357,101359],{"className":49,"code":101358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101360,101361,101373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101362,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101364,9366],{"class":70},[56,101366,75],{"class":74},[56,101368,78],{"class":70},[56,101370,81],{"class":74},[56,101372,9397],{"class":70},[56,101374,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101376,9366],{"class":70},[56,101378,75],{"class":74},[56,101380,78],{"class":70},[56,101382,81],{"class":74},[56,101384,78],{"class":70},[56,101386,86],{"class":74},[56,101388,78],{"class":70},[56,101390,2554],{"class":74},[56,101392,9397],{"class":70},[1030,101394,101396],{"id":101395},"difference_update",[15,101397,101247],{},[143,101399,101400,101403],{},[146,101401,101402],{},"Changes the original set",[146,101404,96240],{},[47,101406,101408],{"className":49,"code":101407,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101409,101410,101434,101450,101454,101468,101472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101411,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101413,2652],{"class":62},[56,101415,67],{"class":66},[56,101417,10579],{"class":70},[56,101419,75],{"class":74},[56,101421,78],{"class":70},[56,101423,81],{"class":74},[56,101425,78],{"class":70},[56,101427,86],{"class":74},[56,101429,78],{"class":70},[56,101431,2554],{"class":74},[56,101433,9397],{"class":70},[56,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101437,2680],{"class":62},[56,101439,67],{"class":66},[56,101441,10579],{"class":70},[56,101443,901],{"class":74},[56,101445,78],{"class":70},[56,101447,2554],{"class":74},[56,101449,9397],{"class":70},[56,101451,101452],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101453,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101455,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101457,36],{"class":62},[56,101459,98],{"class":70},[56,101461,101395],{"class":101},[56,101463,115],{"class":70},[56,101465,194],{"class":101},[56,101467,238],{"class":70},[56,101469,101470],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101471,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101473,101474,101476,101478,101480],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,101475,112],{"class":111},[56,101477,115],{"class":70},[56,101479,36],{"class":101},[56,101481,238],{"class":70},[20,101483,241],{},[47,101485,101486],{"className":49,"code":100429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,101487,101488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101489,101490,101492,101494,101496,101498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101491,9366],{"class":70},[56,101493,75],{"class":74},[56,101495,78],{"class":70},[56,101497,81],{"class":74},[56,101499,9397],{"class":70},[20,101501,650,101502,101504],{},[15,101503,100336],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101506,101507,101508,1493],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101509,101247],{},[44997,101511],{},[42,101513,101515,101517,101518,101520],{"id":101514},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101516,100336],{}," vs the ",[15,101519,709],{}," operator",[20,101522,2079,101523,101525,101526,101528],{},[15,101524,709],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101527,100336],{}," for two sets.",[47,101530,101532],{"className":49,"code":101531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101533,101534,101558,101574,101578,101596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101535,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101537,2652],{"class":62},[56,101539,67],{"class":66},[56,101541,10579],{"class":70},[56,101543,75],{"class":74},[56,101545,78],{"class":70},[56,101547,81],{"class":74},[56,101549,78],{"class":70},[56,101551,86],{"class":74},[56,101553,78],{"class":70},[56,101555,2554],{"class":74},[56,101557,9397],{"class":70},[56,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101561,2680],{"class":62},[56,101563,67],{"class":66},[56,101565,10579],{"class":70},[56,101567,901],{"class":74},[56,101569,78],{"class":70},[56,101571,2554],{"class":74},[56,101573,9397],{"class":70},[56,101575,101576],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101577,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101579,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101581,112],{"class":111},[56,101583,115],{"class":70},[56,101585,36],{"class":101},[56,101587,98],{"class":70},[56,101589,2910],{"class":101},[56,101591,115],{"class":70},[56,101593,194],{"class":101},[56,101595,1553],{"class":70},[56,101597,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101599,112],{"class":111},[56,101601,115],{"class":70},[56,101603,2652],{"class":101},[56,101605,709],{"class":66},[56,101607,2657],{"class":101},[56,101609,238],{"class":70},[20,101611,241],{},[47,101613,101615],{"className":49,"code":101614,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101616,101617,101629],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101618,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101620,9366],{"class":70},[56,101622,75],{"class":74},[56,101624,78],{"class":70},[56,101626,81],{"class":74},[56,101628,9397],{"class":70},[56,101630,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101632,9366],{"class":70},[56,101634,75],{"class":74},[56,101636,78],{"class":70},[56,101638,81],{"class":74},[56,101640,9397],{"class":70},[20,101642,101643],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101645,94510,101646,1911],{},[15,101647,100336],{},[143,101649,101650,101653,101656],{},[146,101651,101652],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[146,101654,101655],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[146,101657,101658],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101660,101661],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[47,101663,101665],{"className":49,"code":101664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101666,101667,101695,101707,101719,101723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101670,2652],{"class":62},[56,101672,67],{"class":66},[56,101674,10579],{"class":70},[56,101676,75],{"class":74},[56,101678,78],{"class":70},[56,101680,81],{"class":74},[56,101682,78],{"class":70},[56,101684,86],{"class":74},[56,101686,78],{"class":70},[56,101688,2554],{"class":74},[56,101690,78],{"class":70},[56,101692,4693],{"class":74},[56,101694,9397],{"class":70},[56,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101698,2680],{"class":62},[56,101700,67],{"class":66},[56,101702,10579],{"class":70},[56,101704,1097],{"class":74},[56,101706,9397],{"class":70},[56,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101710,83105],{"class":62},[56,101712,67],{"class":66},[56,101714,10579],{"class":70},[56,101716,2602],{"class":74},[56,101718,9397],{"class":70},[56,101720,101721],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101722,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101726,112],{"class":111},[56,101728,115],{"class":70},[56,101730,36],{"class":101},[56,101732,98],{"class":70},[56,101734,2910],{"class":101},[56,101736,115],{"class":70},[56,101738,194],{"class":101},[56,101740,78],{"class":70},[56,101742,9770],{"class":101},[56,101744,1553],{"class":70},[20,101746,241],{},[47,101748,101750],{"className":49,"code":101749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101751,101752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101753,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101755,9366],{"class":70},[56,101757,75],{"class":74},[56,101759,78],{"class":70},[56,101761,86],{"class":74},[56,101763,78],{"class":70},[56,101765,4693],{"class":74},[56,101767,9397],{"class":70},[20,101769,101770,101771,101773],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101772,709],{}," operator expression.",[44997,101775],{},[42,101777,4606],{"id":4605},[20,101779,21292,101780,98],{},[15,101781,100336],{},[1030,101783,101785],{"id":101784},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101787,4716,101788,101790,101791,141],{},[540,101789,931],{}," change ",[15,101792,36],{},[47,101794,101796],{"className":49,"code":101795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101797,101798,101818,101830,101834,101848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101799,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101801,2652],{"class":62},[56,101803,67],{"class":66},[56,101805,10579],{"class":70},[56,101807,75],{"class":74},[56,101809,78],{"class":70},[56,101811,81],{"class":74},[56,101813,78],{"class":70},[56,101815,86],{"class":74},[56,101817,9397],{"class":70},[56,101819,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101821,2680],{"class":62},[56,101823,67],{"class":66},[56,101825,10579],{"class":70},[56,101827,901],{"class":74},[56,101829,9397],{"class":70},[56,101831,101832],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101833,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101835,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101837,36],{"class":62},[56,101839,98],{"class":70},[56,101841,2910],{"class":101},[56,101843,115],{"class":70},[56,101845,194],{"class":101},[56,101847,238],{"class":70},[56,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101851,112],{"class":111},[56,101853,115],{"class":70},[56,101855,36],{"class":101},[56,101857,238],{"class":70},[20,101859,241],{},[47,101861,101862],{"className":49,"code":96529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,101863,101864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101865,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101867,9366],{"class":70},[56,101869,75],{"class":74},[56,101871,78],{"class":70},[56,101873,81],{"class":74},[56,101875,78],{"class":70},[56,101877,86],{"class":74},[56,101879,9397],{"class":70},[20,101881,101882],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[47,101884,101886],{"className":49,"code":101885,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101887,101888,101908,101920,101924,101942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101889,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101891,2652],{"class":62},[56,101893,67],{"class":66},[56,101895,10579],{"class":70},[56,101897,75],{"class":74},[56,101899,78],{"class":70},[56,101901,81],{"class":74},[56,101903,78],{"class":70},[56,101905,86],{"class":74},[56,101907,9397],{"class":70},[56,101909,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,101911,2680],{"class":62},[56,101913,67],{"class":66},[56,101915,10579],{"class":70},[56,101917,901],{"class":74},[56,101919,9397],{"class":70},[56,101921,101922],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,101923,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,101927,2652],{"class":62},[56,101929,67],{"class":66},[56,101931,56962],{"class":62},[56,101933,98],{"class":70},[56,101935,2910],{"class":101},[56,101937,115],{"class":70},[56,101939,194],{"class":101},[56,101941,238],{"class":70},[56,101943,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,101945,112],{"class":111},[56,101947,115],{"class":70},[56,101949,36],{"class":101},[56,101951,238],{"class":70},[20,101953,241],{},[47,101955,101956],{"className":49,"code":100429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,101957,101958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101961,9366],{"class":70},[56,101963,75],{"class":74},[56,101965,78],{"class":70},[56,101967,81],{"class":74},[56,101969,9397],{"class":70},[1030,101971,101973],{"id":101972},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101975,101976,101979],{},[15,101977,101978],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[143,101981,101982,101987],{},[146,101983,101984,101985],{},"keep items from ",[15,101986,36],{},[146,101988,101989,101990],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101991,194],{},[20,101993,928,101994,101996,101997,101999],{},[540,101995,931],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101998,194],{},"”.",[20,102001,163],{},[47,102003,102005],{"className":49,"code":102004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102006,102007,102027,102047,102051,102069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102008,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102010,2652],{"class":62},[56,102012,67],{"class":66},[56,102014,10579],{"class":70},[56,102016,75],{"class":74},[56,102018,78],{"class":70},[56,102020,81],{"class":74},[56,102022,78],{"class":70},[56,102024,86],{"class":74},[56,102026,9397],{"class":70},[56,102028,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102030,2680],{"class":62},[56,102032,67],{"class":66},[56,102034,10579],{"class":70},[56,102036,901],{"class":74},[56,102038,78],{"class":70},[56,102040,2554],{"class":74},[56,102042,78],{"class":70},[56,102044,4693],{"class":74},[56,102046,9397],{"class":70},[56,102048,102049],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102050,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102054,112],{"class":111},[56,102056,115],{"class":70},[56,102058,36],{"class":101},[56,102060,98],{"class":70},[56,102062,2910],{"class":101},[56,102064,115],{"class":70},[56,102066,194],{"class":101},[56,102068,1553],{"class":70},[56,102070,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,102072,112],{"class":111},[56,102074,115],{"class":70},[56,102076,194],{"class":101},[56,102078,98],{"class":70},[56,102080,2910],{"class":101},[56,102082,115],{"class":70},[56,102084,36],{"class":101},[56,102086,1553],{"class":70},[20,102088,241],{},[47,102090,102092],{"className":49,"code":102091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102093,102094,102106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102095,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102097,9366],{"class":70},[56,102099,75],{"class":74},[56,102101,78],{"class":70},[56,102103,81],{"class":74},[56,102105,9397],{"class":70},[56,102107,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102109,9366],{"class":70},[56,102111,2602],{"class":74},[56,102113,78],{"class":70},[56,102115,4693],{"class":74},[56,102117,9397],{"class":70},[20,102119,102120],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1030,102122,102124],{"id":102123},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102126,102127,102129],{},[15,102128,100336],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102131,55397],{},[47,102133,102135],{"className":49,"code":102134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102136,102137,102157,102173,102177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102140,2652],{"class":62},[56,102142,67],{"class":66},[56,102144,71],{"class":70},[56,102146,75],{"class":74},[56,102148,78],{"class":70},[56,102150,81],{"class":74},[56,102152,78],{"class":70},[56,102154,86],{"class":74},[56,102156,89],{"class":70},[56,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102160,2680],{"class":62},[56,102162,67],{"class":66},[56,102164,71],{"class":70},[56,102166,901],{"class":74},[56,102168,78],{"class":70},[56,102170,2554],{"class":74},[56,102172,89],{"class":70},[56,102174,102175],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102176,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102178,102179],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102180,102181],{"class":123},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102183,102184],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[47,102186,102188],{"className":49,"code":102187,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102189,102190,102210,102226,102230,102256],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102193,2652],{"class":62},[56,102195,67],{"class":66},[56,102197,71],{"class":70},[56,102199,75],{"class":74},[56,102201,78],{"class":70},[56,102203,81],{"class":74},[56,102205,78],{"class":70},[56,102207,86],{"class":74},[56,102209,89],{"class":70},[56,102211,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102213,2680],{"class":62},[56,102215,67],{"class":66},[56,102217,71],{"class":70},[56,102219,901],{"class":74},[56,102221,78],{"class":70},[56,102223,2554],{"class":74},[56,102225,89],{"class":70},[56,102227,102228],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102229,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102231,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102233,1156],{"class":62},[56,102235,67],{"class":66},[56,102237,15713],{"class":1545},[56,102239,115],{"class":70},[56,102241,36],{"class":101},[56,102243,8719],{"class":70},[56,102245,2910],{"class":101},[56,102247,115],{"class":70},[56,102249,6377],{"class":1545},[56,102251,115],{"class":70},[56,102253,194],{"class":101},[56,102255,1553],{"class":70},[56,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,102259,112],{"class":111},[56,102261,115],{"class":70},[56,102263,1190],{"class":101},[56,102265,238],{"class":70},[20,102267,241],{},[47,102269,102270],{"className":49,"code":100429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,102271,102272],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102275,9366],{"class":70},[56,102277,75],{"class":74},[56,102279,78],{"class":70},[56,102281,81],{"class":74},[56,102283,9397],{"class":70},[1030,102285,102287],{"id":102286},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102289,102290],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[47,102292,102294],{"className":49,"code":102293,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102295,102296,102328,102344,102348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102297,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102299,2652],{"class":62},[56,102301,67],{"class":66},[56,102303,10579],{"class":70},[56,102305,181],{"class":180},[56,102307,37126],{"class":184},[56,102309,181],{"class":180},[56,102311,78],{"class":70},[56,102313,191],{"class":180},[56,102315,58202],{"class":184},[56,102317,181],{"class":180},[56,102319,78],{"class":70},[56,102321,191],{"class":180},[56,102323,58219],{"class":184},[56,102325,181],{"class":180},[56,102327,9397],{"class":70},[56,102329,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102331,2680],{"class":62},[56,102333,67],{"class":66},[56,102335,10579],{"class":70},[56,102337,181],{"class":180},[56,102339,58202],{"class":184},[56,102341,181],{"class":180},[56,102343,9397],{"class":70},[56,102345,102346],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102347,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102349,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102351,112],{"class":111},[56,102353,115],{"class":70},[56,102355,36],{"class":101},[56,102357,98],{"class":70},[56,102359,2910],{"class":101},[56,102361,115],{"class":70},[56,102363,194],{"class":101},[56,102365,1553],{"class":70},[20,102367,102368],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1030,102370,102372],{"id":102371},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102374,102375],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,102377,102379],{"className":49,"code":102378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102380,102381,102409,102421,102425,102435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102382,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102384,2652],{"class":62},[56,102386,67],{"class":66},[56,102388,10579],{"class":70},[56,102390,75],{"class":74},[56,102392,78],{"class":70},[56,102394,910],{"class":74},[56,102396,78],{"class":70},[56,102398,81],{"class":74},[56,102400,78],{"class":70},[56,102402,81],{"class":74},[56,102404,78],{"class":70},[56,102406,86],{"class":74},[56,102408,9397],{"class":70},[56,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102412,2680],{"class":62},[56,102414,67],{"class":66},[56,102416,10579],{"class":70},[56,102418,901],{"class":74},[56,102420,9397],{"class":70},[56,102422,102423],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102424,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102426,102427,102429,102431,102433],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102428,112],{"class":111},[56,102430,115],{"class":70},[56,102432,36],{"class":101},[56,102434,238],{"class":70},[56,102436,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,102438,112],{"class":111},[56,102440,115],{"class":70},[56,102442,36],{"class":101},[56,102444,98],{"class":70},[56,102446,2910],{"class":101},[56,102448,115],{"class":70},[56,102450,194],{"class":101},[56,102452,1553],{"class":70},[20,102454,241],{},[47,102456,102458],{"className":49,"code":102457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102459,102460,102476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102463,9366],{"class":70},[56,102465,75],{"class":74},[56,102467,78],{"class":70},[56,102469,81],{"class":74},[56,102471,78],{"class":70},[56,102473,86],{"class":74},[56,102475,9397],{"class":70},[56,102477,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102479,9366],{"class":70},[56,102481,75],{"class":74},[56,102483,78],{"class":70},[56,102485,81],{"class":74},[56,102487,9397],{"class":70},[20,102489,102490,102491,102493],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102492,100336],{}," runs.",[1030,102495,102497],{"id":102496},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102499,102500],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[47,102502,102504],{"className":49,"code":102503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102505,102506,102530,102550,102554,102564,102574,102592,102614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102507,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102509,2652],{"class":62},[56,102511,67],{"class":66},[56,102513,10579],{"class":70},[56,102515,75],{"class":74},[56,102517,78],{"class":70},[56,102519,81],{"class":74},[56,102521,78],{"class":70},[56,102523,86],{"class":74},[56,102525,78],{"class":70},[56,102527,2554],{"class":74},[56,102529,9397],{"class":70},[56,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102533,2680],{"class":62},[56,102535,67],{"class":66},[56,102537,10579],{"class":70},[56,102539,901],{"class":74},[56,102541,78],{"class":70},[56,102543,2554],{"class":74},[56,102545,78],{"class":70},[56,102547,4693],{"class":74},[56,102549,9397],{"class":70},[56,102551,102552],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102553,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102555,102556,102558,102560,102562],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102557,112],{"class":111},[56,102559,115],{"class":70},[56,102561,36],{"class":101},[56,102563,238],{"class":70},[56,102565,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,102567,112],{"class":111},[56,102569,115],{"class":70},[56,102571,194],{"class":101},[56,102573,238],{"class":70},[56,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,102577,112],{"class":111},[56,102579,115],{"class":70},[56,102581,36],{"class":101},[56,102583,98],{"class":70},[56,102585,2910],{"class":101},[56,102587,115],{"class":70},[56,102589,194],{"class":101},[56,102591,1553],{"class":70},[56,102593,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,102595,112],{"class":111},[56,102597,115],{"class":70},[56,102599,1546],{"class":1545},[56,102601,115],{"class":70},[56,102603,36],{"class":101},[56,102605,98],{"class":70},[56,102607,2910],{"class":101},[56,102609,115],{"class":70},[56,102611,194],{"class":101},[56,102613,3010],{"class":70},[56,102615,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,102617,112],{"class":111},[56,102619,115],{"class":70},[56,102621,11250],{"class":111},[56,102623,115],{"class":70},[56,102625,36],{"class":101},[56,102627,98],{"class":70},[56,102629,2910],{"class":101},[56,102631,115],{"class":70},[56,102633,194],{"class":101},[56,102635,3010],{"class":70},[20,102637,11259],{},[143,102639,102640,102643,102646,102649],{},[146,102641,102642],{},"what is in each set",[146,102644,102645],{},"what result Python creates",[146,102647,102648],{},"that the result is a set",[146,102650,102651],{},"how many items remain",[44997,102653],{},[42,102655,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,102657,1892,102659,102661],{"id":102658},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102660,100336],{}," change the original set?",[20,102663,102664],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1030,102666,5268,102668,4480,102670,1911],{"id":102667},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102669,100336],{},[15,102671,101247],{},[20,102673,102674,102676,102677,102679],{},[15,102675,100336],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102678,101247],{}," modifies the original set.",[1030,102681,1925,102683,102685],{"id":102682},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102684,100336],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102687,102688],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1030,102690,102692],{"id":102691},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102694,102695],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44997,102697],{},[42,102699,1996],{"id":1995},[143,102701,102702,102706,102714],{},[146,102703,102704],{},[36,102705,96250],{"href":97421},[146,102707,102708],{},[36,102709,96736,102711,1384],{"href":102710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102712,102713],{},"intersection()",[146,102715,102716],{},[36,102717,96736,102719,1384],{"href":102718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102720,102721],{},"union()",[2028,102723,102724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":102726},[102727,102728,102730,102731,102732,102733,102735,102740,102742,102750,102759],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":100458,"depth":92,"text":102729},"What difference() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":101077,"depth":92,"text":102734},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101242,"depth":92,"text":102736,"children":102737},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102738,102739],{"id":2910,"depth":108,"text":100336},{"id":101395,"depth":108,"text":101247},{"id":101514,"depth":92,"text":102741},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":102743},[102744,102745,102746,102747,102748,102749],{"id":101784,"depth":108,"text":101785},{"id":101972,"depth":108,"text":101973},{"id":102123,"depth":108,"text":102124},{"id":102286,"depth":108,"text":102287},{"id":102371,"depth":108,"text":102372},{"id":102496,"depth":108,"text":102497},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":102751},[102752,102754,102756,102758],{"id":102658,"depth":108,"text":102753},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102667,"depth":108,"text":102755},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102682,"depth":108,"text":102757},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102691,"depth":108,"text":102692},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100328,"description":102760},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102767,"title":102768,"body":102769,"description":104464,"extension":2062,"meta":104465,"navigation":600,"path":104466,"seo":104467,"stem":104468,"__hash__":104469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102770,"toc":104426},[102771,102777,102783,102796,102798,102899,102901,102946,102951,102956,102960,102974,102977,102985,102987,103006,103024,103028,103081,103083,103104,103111,103116,103143,103150,103249,103251,103288,103296,103300,103306,103309,103382,103384,103392,103397,103466,103468,103493,103495,103498,103601,103603,103664,103667,103671,103677,103750,103752,103785,103788,103791,103831,103837,103860,103865,103869,103880,103883,103885,103889,103895,103897,103954,103964,103966,104019,104026,104031,104099,104107,104113,104117,104119,104158,104163,104212,104216,104219,104221,104260,104263,104265,104270,104327,104329,104343,104345,104349,104355,104360,104365,104372,104383,104389,104394,104396,104423],[10,102772,96122,102774,18],{"id":102773},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102775,102776],{},"discard()",[20,102778,102779,102782],{},[15,102780,102781],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102784,102785,102786,2287,102791,14132,102793,102795],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[36,102787,102788],{"href":98131},[15,102789,102790],{},"set.remove()",[15,102792,102776],{},[540,102794,931],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[42,102797,2104],{"id":2103},[47,102799,102801],{"className":49,"code":102800,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102802,102803,102835,102854,102864,102868,102889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102804,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102806,334],{"class":62},[56,102808,67],{"class":66},[56,102810,10579],{"class":70},[56,102812,181],{"class":180},[56,102814,343],{"class":184},[56,102816,181],{"class":180},[56,102818,78],{"class":70},[56,102820,191],{"class":180},[56,102822,361],{"class":184},[56,102824,181],{"class":180},[56,102826,78],{"class":70},[56,102828,191],{"class":180},[56,102830,352],{"class":184},[56,102832,181],{"class":180},[56,102834,9397],{"class":70},[56,102836,102837,102839,102841,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102838,370],{"class":62},[56,102840,98],{"class":70},[56,102842,102843],{"class":101},"discard",[56,102845,115],{"class":70},[56,102847,181],{"class":180},[56,102849,361],{"class":184},[56,102851,181],{"class":180},[56,102853,238],{"class":70},[56,102855,102856,102858,102860,102862],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,102857,112],{"class":111},[56,102859,115],{"class":70},[56,102861,370],{"class":101},[56,102863,238],{"class":70},[56,102865,102866],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,102867,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,102869,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,102871,370],{"class":62},[56,102873,98],{"class":70},[56,102875,102843],{"class":101},[56,102877,115],{"class":70},[56,102879,181],{"class":180},[56,102881,22605],{"class":184},[56,102883,181],{"class":180},[56,102885,120],{"class":70},[56,102887,102888],{"class":123},"  # no error if missing\n",[56,102890,102891,102893,102895,102897],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,102892,112],{"class":111},[56,102894,115],{"class":70},[56,102896,370],{"class":101},[56,102898,238],{"class":70},[20,102900,30111],{},[47,102902,102904],{"className":49,"code":102903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102905,102906,102926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102907,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102909,9366],{"class":70},[56,102911,254],{"class":180},[56,102913,343],{"class":184},[56,102915,254],{"class":180},[56,102917,78],{"class":70},[56,102919,263],{"class":180},[56,102921,352],{"class":184},[56,102923,254],{"class":180},[56,102925,9397],{"class":70},[56,102927,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,102929,9366],{"class":70},[56,102931,254],{"class":180},[56,102933,343],{"class":184},[56,102935,254],{"class":180},[56,102937,78],{"class":70},[56,102939,263],{"class":180},[56,102941,352],{"class":184},[56,102943,254],{"class":180},[56,102945,9397],{"class":70},[20,102947,650,102948,102950],{},[15,102949,102776],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[42,102952,133,102954,136],{"id":102953},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102955,102781],{},[20,102957,102958,141],{},[15,102959,102776],{},[143,102961,102962,102965,102968,102970],{},[146,102963,102964],{},"Removes one item from a set",[146,102966,102967],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[146,102969,96237],{},[146,102971,154,102972],{},[15,102973,157],{},[20,102975,102976],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102978,96246,102979,2976,102982,98],{},[36,102980,102981],{"href":98713},"what a set is in Python",[36,102983,102984],{"href":97805},"how to create a set",[42,102986,289],{"id":288},[47,102988,102990],{"className":49,"code":102989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102991,102992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102993,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102995,15746],{"class":62},[56,102997,98],{"class":70},[56,102999,102843],{"class":101},[56,103001,115],{"class":70},[56,103003,2570],{"class":101},[56,103005,238],{"class":70},[143,103007,103008,103013,103018,103021],{},[146,103009,103010,103012],{},[15,103011,15746],{}," is the set you want to change",[146,103014,103015,103017],{},[15,103016,2570],{}," is the item you want to remove",[146,103019,103020],{},"The set must already exist",[146,103022,103023],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1030,103025,103027],{"id":103026},"example","Example",[47,103029,103031],{"className":49,"code":103030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103032,103033,103057,103071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103034,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103036,63],{"class":62},[56,103038,67],{"class":66},[56,103040,10579],{"class":70},[56,103042,75],{"class":74},[56,103044,78],{"class":70},[56,103046,81],{"class":74},[56,103048,78],{"class":70},[56,103050,86],{"class":74},[56,103052,78],{"class":70},[56,103054,2554],{"class":74},[56,103056,9397],{"class":70},[56,103058,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103060,95],{"class":62},[56,103062,98],{"class":70},[56,103064,102843],{"class":101},[56,103066,115],{"class":70},[56,103068,901],{"class":74},[56,103070,238],{"class":70},[56,103072,103073,103075,103077,103079],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103074,112],{"class":111},[56,103076,115],{"class":70},[56,103078,95],{"class":101},[56,103080,238],{"class":70},[20,103082,241],{},[47,103084,103086],{"className":49,"code":103085,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103087,103088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103091,9366],{"class":70},[56,103093,75],{"class":74},[56,103095,78],{"class":70},[56,103097,81],{"class":74},[56,103099,78],{"class":70},[56,103101,2554],{"class":74},[56,103103,9397],{"class":70},[42,103105,103107,103108,103110],{"id":103106},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103109,102776],{}," different",[20,103112,103113,103115],{},[15,103114,102776],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[143,103117,103118,103131,103140],{},[146,103119,103120,103121,2287,103125,103127,103128,103130],{},"Unlike ",[36,103122,103123],{"href":98131},[15,103124,55605],{},[15,103126,102776],{}," does not raise ",[15,103129,19767],{}," when the item is missing",[146,103132,103120,103133,2287,103137,103139],{},[36,103134,103135],{"href":98136},[15,103136,12844],{},[15,103138,102776],{}," removes a specific item",[146,103141,103142],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1030,103144,103146,1021,103148],{"id":103145},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103147,102776],{},[15,103149,55605],{},[47,103151,103153],{"className":49,"code":103152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103154,103155,103179,103183,103204,103214,103218,103239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103158,7871],{"class":62},[56,103160,67],{"class":66},[56,103162,10579],{"class":70},[56,103164,181],{"class":180},[56,103166,562],{"class":184},[56,103168,181],{"class":180},[56,103170,78],{"class":70},[56,103172,191],{"class":180},[56,103174,571],{"class":184},[56,103176,181],{"class":180},[56,103178,9397],{"class":70},[56,103180,103181],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103182,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103186,7900],{"class":62},[56,103188,98],{"class":70},[56,103190,102843],{"class":101},[56,103192,115],{"class":70},[56,103194,181],{"class":180},[56,103196,33304],{"class":184},[56,103198,181],{"class":180},[56,103200,120],{"class":70},[56,103202,103203],{"class":123},"   # no error\n",[56,103205,103206,103208,103210,103212],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103207,112],{"class":111},[56,103209,115],{"class":70},[56,103211,7900],{"class":101},[56,103213,238],{"class":70},[56,103215,103216],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,103217,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103219,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,103221,7900],{"class":62},[56,103223,98],{"class":70},[56,103225,34874],{"class":101},[56,103227,115],{"class":70},[56,103229,181],{"class":180},[56,103231,571],{"class":184},[56,103233,181],{"class":180},[56,103235,120],{"class":70},[56,103237,103238],{"class":123},"    # removes existing item\n",[56,103240,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,103242,112],{"class":111},[56,103244,115],{"class":70},[56,103246,7900],{"class":101},[56,103248,238],{"class":70},[20,103250,241],{},[47,103252,103254],{"className":49,"code":103253,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103255,103256,103276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103257,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103259,9366],{"class":70},[56,103261,254],{"class":180},[56,103263,562],{"class":184},[56,103265,254],{"class":180},[56,103267,78],{"class":70},[56,103269,263],{"class":180},[56,103271,571],{"class":184},[56,103273,254],{"class":180},[56,103275,9397],{"class":70},[56,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103279,9366],{"class":70},[56,103281,254],{"class":180},[56,103283,562],{"class":184},[56,103285,254],{"class":180},[56,103287,9397],{"class":70},[20,103289,40423,103290,103292,103293,103295],{},[15,103291,55605],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[36,103294,11163],{"href":11162}," for more help with that case.",[42,103297,103299],{"id":103298},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103301,103302,2494,103304,98],{},[15,103303,102776],{},[15,103305,157],{},[20,103307,103308],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[47,103310,103312],{"className":49,"code":103311,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103313,103314,103346,103368,103372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103315,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103317,334],{"class":62},[56,103319,67],{"class":66},[56,103321,10579],{"class":70},[56,103323,181],{"class":180},[56,103325,343],{"class":184},[56,103327,181],{"class":180},[56,103329,78],{"class":70},[56,103331,191],{"class":180},[56,103333,361],{"class":184},[56,103335,181],{"class":180},[56,103337,78],{"class":70},[56,103339,191],{"class":180},[56,103341,352],{"class":184},[56,103343,181],{"class":180},[56,103345,9397],{"class":70},[56,103347,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103349,1156],{"class":62},[56,103351,67],{"class":66},[56,103353,13201],{"class":62},[56,103355,98],{"class":70},[56,103357,102843],{"class":101},[56,103359,115],{"class":70},[56,103361,181],{"class":180},[56,103363,361],{"class":184},[56,103365,181],{"class":180},[56,103367,238],{"class":70},[56,103369,103370],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103371,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103373,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103375,112],{"class":111},[56,103377,115],{"class":70},[56,103379,1190],{"class":101},[56,103381,238],{"class":70},[20,103383,241],{},[47,103385,103386],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,103387,103388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103389,103390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103391,894],{"class":893},[20,103393,103394,103395,141],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103396,370],{},[47,103398,103400],{"className":49,"code":103399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103401,103402,103434,103452,103456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103405,334],{"class":62},[56,103407,67],{"class":66},[56,103409,10579],{"class":70},[56,103411,181],{"class":180},[56,103413,343],{"class":184},[56,103415,181],{"class":180},[56,103417,78],{"class":70},[56,103419,191],{"class":180},[56,103421,361],{"class":184},[56,103423,181],{"class":180},[56,103425,78],{"class":70},[56,103427,191],{"class":180},[56,103429,352],{"class":184},[56,103431,181],{"class":180},[56,103433,9397],{"class":70},[56,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103437,370],{"class":62},[56,103439,98],{"class":70},[56,103441,102843],{"class":101},[56,103443,115],{"class":70},[56,103445,181],{"class":180},[56,103447,361],{"class":184},[56,103449,181],{"class":180},[56,103451,238],{"class":70},[56,103453,103454],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103455,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103457,103458,103460,103462,103464],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103459,112],{"class":111},[56,103461,115],{"class":70},[56,103463,370],{"class":101},[56,103465,238],{"class":70},[20,103467,241],{},[47,103469,103471],{"className":49,"code":103470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103472,103473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103474,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103476,9366],{"class":70},[56,103478,254],{"class":180},[56,103480,343],{"class":184},[56,103482,254],{"class":180},[56,103484,78],{"class":70},[56,103486,263],{"class":180},[56,103488,352],{"class":184},[56,103490,254],{"class":180},[56,103492,9397],{"class":70},[42,103494,425],{"id":424},[20,103496,103497],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[47,103499,103501],{"className":49,"code":103500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103502,103503,103535,103539,103557,103561,103579,103583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103504,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103506,553],{"class":62},[56,103508,67],{"class":66},[56,103510,10579],{"class":70},[56,103512,181],{"class":180},[56,103514,562],{"class":184},[56,103516,181],{"class":180},[56,103518,78],{"class":70},[56,103520,191],{"class":180},[56,103522,571],{"class":184},[56,103524,181],{"class":180},[56,103526,78],{"class":70},[56,103528,191],{"class":180},[56,103530,33304],{"class":184},[56,103532,181],{"class":180},[56,103534,9397],{"class":70},[56,103536,103537],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103538,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103540,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103542,112],{"class":111},[56,103544,115],{"class":70},[56,103546,181],{"class":180},[56,103548,11650],{"class":184},[56,103550,181],{"class":180},[56,103552,78],{"class":70},[56,103554,703],{"class":101},[56,103556,238],{"class":70},[56,103558,103559],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103560,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103562,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,103564,589],{"class":62},[56,103566,98],{"class":70},[56,103568,102843],{"class":101},[56,103570,115],{"class":70},[56,103572,181],{"class":180},[56,103574,571],{"class":184},[56,103576,181],{"class":180},[56,103578,238],{"class":70},[56,103580,103581],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,103582,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103584,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,103586,112],{"class":111},[56,103588,115],{"class":70},[56,103590,181],{"class":180},[56,103592,11690],{"class":184},[56,103594,181],{"class":180},[56,103596,78],{"class":70},[56,103598,703],{"class":101},[56,103600,238],{"class":70},[20,103602,241],{},[47,103604,103606],{"className":49,"code":103605,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103607,103608,103640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103609,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103611,11710],{"class":62},[56,103613,141],{"class":70},[56,103615,10579],{"class":70},[56,103617,254],{"class":180},[56,103619,571],{"class":184},[56,103621,254],{"class":180},[56,103623,78],{"class":70},[56,103625,263],{"class":180},[56,103627,562],{"class":184},[56,103629,254],{"class":180},[56,103631,78],{"class":70},[56,103633,263],{"class":180},[56,103635,33304],{"class":184},[56,103637,254],{"class":180},[56,103639,9397],{"class":70},[56,103641,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103643,11763],{"class":62},[56,103645,141],{"class":70},[56,103647,10579],{"class":70},[56,103649,254],{"class":180},[56,103651,562],{"class":184},[56,103653,254],{"class":180},[56,103655,78],{"class":70},[56,103657,263],{"class":180},[56,103659,33304],{"class":184},[56,103661,254],{"class":180},[56,103663,9397],{"class":70},[20,103665,103666],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[42,103668,103670],{"id":103669},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103672,103673,103674,103676],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103675,102776],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[47,103678,103680],{"className":49,"code":103679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103681,103682,103714,103718,103736,103740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103685,553],{"class":62},[56,103687,67],{"class":66},[56,103689,10579],{"class":70},[56,103691,181],{"class":180},[56,103693,562],{"class":184},[56,103695,181],{"class":180},[56,103697,78],{"class":70},[56,103699,191],{"class":180},[56,103701,571],{"class":184},[56,103703,181],{"class":180},[56,103705,78],{"class":70},[56,103707,191],{"class":180},[56,103709,33304],{"class":184},[56,103711,181],{"class":180},[56,103713,9397],{"class":70},[56,103715,103716],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103717,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103719,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103721,589],{"class":62},[56,103723,98],{"class":70},[56,103725,102843],{"class":101},[56,103727,115],{"class":70},[56,103729,181],{"class":180},[56,103731,22614],{"class":184},[56,103733,181],{"class":180},[56,103735,238],{"class":70},[56,103737,103738],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103739,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103741,103742,103744,103746,103748],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,103743,112],{"class":111},[56,103745,115],{"class":70},[56,103747,589],{"class":101},[56,103749,238],{"class":70},[20,103751,241],{},[47,103753,103755],{"className":49,"code":103754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103756,103757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103758,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103760,9366],{"class":70},[56,103762,254],{"class":180},[56,103764,571],{"class":184},[56,103766,254],{"class":180},[56,103768,78],{"class":70},[56,103770,263],{"class":180},[56,103772,562],{"class":184},[56,103774,254],{"class":180},[56,103776,78],{"class":70},[56,103778,263],{"class":180},[56,103780,33304],{"class":184},[56,103782,254],{"class":180},[56,103784,9397],{"class":70},[20,103786,103787],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103789,103790],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[47,103792,103794],{"className":49,"code":103793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103795,103796,103812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103797,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103799,7087],{"class":3965},[56,103801,191],{"class":180},[56,103803,22614],{"class":184},[56,103805,181],{"class":180},[56,103807,21254],{"class":66},[56,103809,703],{"class":62},[56,103811,6484],{"class":70},[56,103813,103814,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103815,103816],{"class":62},"    fruits",[56,103818,98],{"class":70},[56,103820,34874],{"class":101},[56,103822,115],{"class":70},[56,103824,181],{"class":180},[56,103826,22614],{"class":184},[56,103828,181],{"class":180},[56,103830,238],{"class":70},[20,103832,103833,103834,103836],{},"With ",[15,103835,102776],{},", you can simply write:",[47,103838,103840],{"className":49,"code":103839,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103841,103842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103843,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103845,589],{"class":62},[56,103847,98],{"class":70},[56,103849,102843],{"class":101},[56,103851,115],{"class":70},[56,103853,181],{"class":180},[56,103855,22614],{"class":184},[56,103857,181],{"class":180},[56,103859,238],{"class":70},[42,103861,1389,103863],{"id":103862},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103864,102776],{},[20,103866,650,103867,10689],{},[15,103868,102776],{},[143,103870,103871,103874,103877],{},[146,103872,103873],{},"Missing values are normal",[146,103875,103876],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[146,103878,103879],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103881,103882],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[42,103884,1418],{"id":1417},[20,103886,8535,103887,98],{},[15,103888,102776],{},[1030,103890,1435,103892,103894],{"id":103891},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103893,102776],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103896,4613],{},[47,103898,103900],{"className":49,"code":103899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103901,103902,103922,103940,103944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103903,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103905,63],{"class":62},[56,103907,67],{"class":66},[56,103909,10579],{"class":70},[56,103911,75],{"class":74},[56,103913,78],{"class":70},[56,103915,81],{"class":74},[56,103917,78],{"class":70},[56,103919,86],{"class":74},[56,103921,9397],{"class":70},[56,103923,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103925,63],{"class":62},[56,103927,67],{"class":66},[56,103929,850],{"class":62},[56,103931,98],{"class":70},[56,103933,102843],{"class":101},[56,103935,115],{"class":70},[56,103937,1097],{"class":74},[56,103939,238],{"class":70},[56,103941,103942],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,103943,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,103945,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,103947,112],{"class":111},[56,103949,115],{"class":70},[56,103951,95],{"class":101},[56,103953,238],{"class":70},[20,103955,103956,938,103958,8689,103960,2494,103962,98],{},[15,103957,95],{},[15,103959,157],{},[15,103961,102776],{},[15,103963,157],{},[20,103965,18920],{},[47,103967,103969],{"className":49,"code":103968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103970,103971,103991,104005,104009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103972,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103974,63],{"class":62},[56,103976,67],{"class":66},[56,103978,10579],{"class":70},[56,103980,75],{"class":74},[56,103982,78],{"class":70},[56,103984,81],{"class":74},[56,103986,78],{"class":70},[56,103988,86],{"class":74},[56,103990,9397],{"class":70},[56,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,103994,95],{"class":62},[56,103996,98],{"class":70},[56,103998,102843],{"class":101},[56,104000,115],{"class":70},[56,104002,1097],{"class":74},[56,104004,238],{"class":70},[56,104006,104007],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104008,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,104010,104011,104013,104015,104017],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,104012,112],{"class":111},[56,104014,115],{"class":70},[56,104016,95],{"class":101},[56,104018,238],{"class":70},[1030,104020,1447,104022,1450,104024],{"id":104021},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104023,102776],{},[15,104025,55605],{},[20,104027,104028,104029,98],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104030,102776],{},[47,104032,104034],{"className":49,"code":104033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104035,104036,104068,104089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104037,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104039,173],{"class":62},[56,104041,67],{"class":66},[56,104043,10579],{"class":70},[56,104045,181],{"class":180},[56,104047,36],{"class":184},[56,104049,181],{"class":180},[56,104051,78],{"class":70},[56,104053,191],{"class":180},[56,104055,194],{"class":184},[56,104057,181],{"class":180},[56,104059,78],{"class":70},[56,104061,191],{"class":180},[56,104063,203],{"class":184},[56,104065,181],{"class":180},[56,104067,9397],{"class":70},[56,104069,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104071,221],{"class":62},[56,104073,98],{"class":70},[56,104075,102843],{"class":101},[56,104077,115],{"class":70},[56,104079,181],{"class":180},[56,104081,22158],{"class":184},[56,104083,181],{"class":180},[56,104085,120],{"class":70},[56,104087,104088],{"class":123},"   # safe\n",[56,104090,104091,104093,104095,104097],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104092,112],{"class":111},[56,104094,115],{"class":70},[56,104096,221],{"class":101},[56,104098,238],{"class":70},[20,104100,104101,104102,45989,104105,98],{},"If you use ",[15,104103,104104],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104106,19767],{},[1030,104108,25698,104110,104112],{"id":104109},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104111,102776],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104114,104115,102129],{},[15,104116,102776],{},[20,104118,16724],{},[47,104120,104122],{"className":49,"code":104121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104123,104124,104144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104125,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104127,7871],{"class":62},[56,104129,67],{"class":66},[56,104131,71],{"class":70},[56,104133,75],{"class":74},[56,104135,78],{"class":70},[56,104137,81],{"class":74},[56,104139,78],{"class":70},[56,104141,86],{"class":74},[56,104143,89],{"class":70},[56,104145,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104147,7900],{"class":62},[56,104149,98],{"class":70},[56,104151,102843],{"class":101},[56,104153,115],{"class":70},[56,104155,1097],{"class":74},[56,104157,238],{"class":70},[20,104159,104160,104161,141],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104162,102776],{},[47,104164,104166],{"className":49,"code":104165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104167,104168,104188,104202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104169,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104171,7871],{"class":62},[56,104173,67],{"class":66},[56,104175,10579],{"class":70},[56,104177,75],{"class":74},[56,104179,78],{"class":70},[56,104181,81],{"class":74},[56,104183,78],{"class":70},[56,104185,86],{"class":74},[56,104187,9397],{"class":70},[56,104189,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104191,7900],{"class":62},[56,104193,98],{"class":70},[56,104195,102843],{"class":101},[56,104197,115],{"class":70},[56,104199,1097],{"class":74},[56,104201,238],{"class":70},[56,104203,104204,104206,104208,104210],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104205,112],{"class":111},[56,104207,115],{"class":70},[56,104209,7900],{"class":101},[56,104211,238],{"class":70},[1030,104213,104215],{"id":104214},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104217,104218],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104220,2934],{},[47,104222,104224],{"className":49,"code":104223,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104225,104226,104246],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104227,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104229,9253],{"class":62},[56,104231,67],{"class":66},[56,104233,10579],{"class":70},[56,104235,75],{"class":74},[56,104237,78],{"class":70},[56,104239,81],{"class":74},[56,104241,78],{"class":70},[56,104243,86],{"class":74},[56,104245,9397],{"class":70},[56,104247,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104249,9292],{"class":62},[56,104251,98],{"class":70},[56,104253,102843],{"class":101},[56,104255,3084],{"class":70},[56,104257,1097],{"class":74},[56,104259,1607],{"class":70},[20,104261,104262],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[42,104264,8959],{"id":8958},[20,104266,8962,104267,104269],{},[15,104268,102776],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,104271,104273],{"className":49,"code":104272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104274,104275,104285,104299,104313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104276,104277,104279,104281,104283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104278,112],{"class":111},[56,104280,115],{"class":70},[56,104282,15746],{"class":101},[56,104284,238],{"class":70},[56,104286,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104288,112],{"class":111},[56,104290,115],{"class":70},[56,104292,1546],{"class":1545},[56,104294,115],{"class":70},[56,104296,15746],{"class":101},[56,104298,1553],{"class":70},[56,104300,104301,104303,104305,104307,104309,104311],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104302,112],{"class":111},[56,104304,115],{"class":70},[56,104306,2544],{"class":101},[56,104308,3972],{"class":3965},[56,104310,96846],{"class":101},[56,104312,238],{"class":70},[56,104314,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,104316,32235],{"class":111},[56,104318,115],{"class":70},[56,104320,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104322,98],{"class":70},[56,104324,102843],{"class":24831},[56,104326,238],{"class":70},[20,104328,11259],{},[143,104330,104331,104334,104337,104340],{},[146,104332,104333],{},"What is currently in the set",[146,104335,104336],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[146,104338,104339],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[146,104341,104342],{},"How Python documents the method",[42,104344,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,104346,104348],{"id":104347},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104350,104351,104352,104354],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104353,102776],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1030,104356,5230,104358,12797],{"id":104357},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104359,102781],{},[20,104361,5236,104362,104364],{},[15,104363,157],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1030,104366,5268,104368,4480,104370,1911],{"id":104367},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104369,102776],{},[15,104371,55605],{},[20,104373,104374,104375,26620,104377,104379,104380,104382],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104376,55605],{},[15,104378,19767],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104381,102776],{}," does not.",[1030,104384,1925,104386,104388],{"id":104385},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104387,102776],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104390,1931,104391,104393],{},[15,104392,102776],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[42,104395,1996],{"id":1995},[143,104397,104398,104404,104410,104415,104419],{},[146,104399,104400],{},[36,104401,96736,104402,1384],{"href":98131},[15,104403,55605],{},[146,104405,104406],{},[36,104407,96736,104408,1384],{"href":98136},[15,104409,12844],{},[146,104411,104412],{},[36,104413,104414],{"href":97805},"Python set: creating a set",[146,104416,104417],{},[36,104418,100271],{"href":98713},[146,104420,104421],{},[36,104422,11351],{"href":11162},[2028,104424,104425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":104427},[104428,104429,104431,104434,104439,104440,104441,104442,104444,104453,104454,104463],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":102953,"depth":92,"text":104430},"What set.discard() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":104432},[104433],{"id":103026,"depth":108,"text":103027},{"id":103106,"depth":92,"text":104435,"children":104436},"What makes discard() different",[104437],{"id":103145,"depth":108,"text":104438},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103298,"depth":92,"text":103299},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":103669,"depth":92,"text":103670},{"id":103862,"depth":92,"text":104443},"When to use discard()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":104445},[104446,104448,104450,104452],{"id":103891,"depth":108,"text":104447},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104021,"depth":108,"text":104449},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104109,"depth":108,"text":104451},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104214,"depth":108,"text":104215},{"id":8958,"depth":92,"text":8959},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":104455},[104456,104457,104459,104461],{"id":104347,"depth":108,"text":104348},{"id":104357,"depth":108,"text":104458},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104367,"depth":108,"text":104460},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104385,"depth":108,"text":104462},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102768,"description":104464},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104471,"title":104472,"body":104473,"description":106479,"extension":2062,"meta":106480,"navigation":600,"path":106481,"seo":106482,"stem":106483,"__hash__":106484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104474,"toc":106437},[104475,104478,104486,104491,104502,104504,104559,104563,104583,104588,104592,104597,104599,104613,104615,104690,104692,104725,104730,104735,104737,104739,104754,104757,104765,104770,104785,104787,104876,104878,104967,104973,104977,104979,105017,105019,105043,105046,105061,105063,105118,105120,105153,105155,105160,105164,105168,105173,105238,105240,105260,105266,105270,105327,105329,105350,105354,105359,105404,105406,105439,105442,105446,105479,105481,105510,105514,105518,105521,105523,105542,105544,105590,105595,105609,105611,105642,105647,105650,105694,105696,105724,105728,105732,105748,105751,105816,105818,105830,105833,105837,105840,105845,105873,105875,105893,105899,105938,105940,105958,105964,105993,105995,106013,106016,106033,106035,106040,106044,106047,106073,106080,106085,106100,106109,106113,106116,106147,106153,106156,106165,106168,106170,106172,106230,106233,106258,106260,106264,106267,106271,106279,106283,106286,106290,106293,106295,106318,106320,106361,106368,106376,106379,106410,106412,106434],[10,104476,104472],{"id":104477},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104479,9210,104480,104482,104483,98],{},[15,104481,3886],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[540,104484,104485],{},"unique values only",[20,104487,35486,104488,104490],{},[15,104489,3886],{}," to:",[143,104492,104493,104496,104499],{},[146,104494,104495],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[146,104497,104498],{},"check whether a value exists",[146,104500,104501],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[42,104503,2104],{"id":2103},[47,104505,104507],{"className":49,"code":104506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104508,104509,104533,104548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104510,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104512,63],{"class":62},[56,104514,67],{"class":66},[56,104516,71],{"class":70},[56,104518,75],{"class":74},[56,104520,78],{"class":70},[56,104522,81],{"class":74},[56,104524,78],{"class":70},[56,104526,81],{"class":74},[56,104528,78],{"class":70},[56,104530,86],{"class":74},[56,104532,89],{"class":70},[56,104534,104535,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104536,104537],{"class":62},"unique_numbers ",[56,104539,67],{"class":66},[56,104541,15713],{"class":1545},[56,104543,115],{"class":70},[56,104545,95],{"class":101},[56,104547,238],{"class":70},[56,104549,104550,104552,104554,104557],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104551,112],{"class":111},[56,104553,115],{"class":70},[56,104555,104556],{"class":101},"unique_numbers",[56,104558,238],{"class":70},[20,104560,104561],{},[540,104562,241],{},[47,104564,104565],{"className":49,"code":96529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,104566,104567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104568,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104570,9366],{"class":70},[56,104572,75],{"class":74},[56,104574,78],{"class":70},[56,104576,81],{"class":74},[56,104578,78],{"class":70},[56,104580,86],{"class":74},[56,104582,9397],{"class":70},[20,104584,650,104585,104587],{},[15,104586,3886],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[42,104589,104591],{"id":104590},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104593,104594,104596],{},[15,104595,3886],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104598,30622],{},[143,104600,104601,104604,104607,104610],{},[146,104602,104603],{},"A set stores unique items only",[146,104605,104606],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[146,104608,104609],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[146,104611,104612],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104614,163],{},[47,104616,104618],{"className":49,"code":104617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104619,104620,104660,104675,104679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104621,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104623,334],{"class":62},[56,104625,67],{"class":66},[56,104627,71],{"class":70},[56,104629,181],{"class":180},[56,104631,343],{"class":184},[56,104633,181],{"class":180},[56,104635,78],{"class":70},[56,104637,191],{"class":180},[56,104639,361],{"class":184},[56,104641,181],{"class":180},[56,104643,78],{"class":70},[56,104645,191],{"class":180},[56,104647,343],{"class":184},[56,104649,181],{"class":180},[56,104651,78],{"class":70},[56,104653,191],{"class":180},[56,104655,352],{"class":184},[56,104657,181],{"class":180},[56,104659,89],{"class":70},[56,104661,104662,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104663,104664],{"class":62},"unique_colors ",[56,104666,67],{"class":66},[56,104668,15713],{"class":1545},[56,104670,115],{"class":70},[56,104672,370],{"class":101},[56,104674,238],{"class":70},[56,104676,104677],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104678,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,104680,104681,104683,104685,104688],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,104682,112],{"class":111},[56,104684,115],{"class":70},[56,104686,104687],{"class":101},"unique_colors",[56,104689,238],{"class":70},[20,104691,30111],{},[47,104693,104695],{"className":49,"code":104694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104696,104697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104698,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104700,9366],{"class":70},[56,104702,254],{"class":180},[56,104704,361],{"class":184},[56,104706,254],{"class":180},[56,104708,78],{"class":70},[56,104710,263],{"class":180},[56,104712,352],{"class":184},[56,104714,254],{"class":180},[56,104716,78],{"class":70},[56,104718,263],{"class":180},[56,104720,343],{"class":184},[56,104722,254],{"class":180},[56,104724,9397],{"class":70},[20,104726,2383,104727,104729],{},[15,104728,65466],{}," appears only once.",[20,104731,104732,104733,98],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[36,104734,96250],{"href":96249},[42,104736,289],{"id":288},[20,104738,292],{},[47,104740,104742],{"className":49,"code":104741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104743,104744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104745,104746,104748,104750,104752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104747,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104749,115],{"class":70},[56,104751,3810],{"class":101},[56,104753,238],{"class":70},[20,104755,104756],{},"The argument is optional.",[143,104758,104759,104762],{},[146,104760,104761],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[146,104763,104764],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104766,104767,104768,141],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104769,3886],{},[143,104771,104772,104774,104776,104778,104782],{},[146,104773,1644],{},[146,104775,49034],{},[146,104777,61250],{},[146,104779,104780],{},[15,104781,36278],{},[146,104783,104784],{},"another set",[20,104786,2224],{},[47,104788,104790],{"className":49,"code":104789,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104791,104792,104818,104840,104858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104793,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104795,112],{"class":111},[56,104797,115],{"class":70},[56,104799,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104801,3084],{"class":70},[56,104803,75],{"class":74},[56,104805,78],{"class":70},[56,104807,81],{"class":74},[56,104809,78],{"class":70},[56,104811,81],{"class":74},[56,104813,78],{"class":70},[56,104815,86],{"class":74},[56,104817,3097],{"class":70},[56,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104821,112],{"class":111},[56,104823,115],{"class":70},[56,104825,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104827,5600],{"class":70},[56,104829,444],{"class":74},[56,104831,78],{"class":70},[56,104833,449],{"class":74},[56,104835,78],{"class":70},[56,104837,508],{"class":74},[56,104839,3010],{"class":70},[56,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104843,112],{"class":111},[56,104845,115],{"class":70},[56,104847,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104849,115],{"class":70},[56,104851,181],{"class":180},[56,104853,1473],{"class":184},[56,104855,181],{"class":180},[56,104857,1553],{"class":70},[56,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,104861,112],{"class":111},[56,104863,115],{"class":70},[56,104865,6377],{"class":1545},[56,104867,115],{"class":70},[56,104869,60074],{"class":111},[56,104871,115],{"class":70},[56,104873,2602],{"class":74},[56,104875,3010],{"class":70},[20,104877,30111],{},[47,104879,104881],{"className":49,"code":104880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104882,104883,104899,104911,104947],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104884,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104886,9366],{"class":70},[56,104888,75],{"class":74},[56,104890,78],{"class":70},[56,104892,81],{"class":74},[56,104894,78],{"class":70},[56,104896,86],{"class":74},[56,104898,9397],{"class":70},[56,104900,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104902,9366],{"class":70},[56,104904,444],{"class":74},[56,104906,78],{"class":70},[56,104908,449],{"class":74},[56,104910,9397],{"class":70},[56,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,104914,9366],{"class":70},[56,104916,254],{"class":180},[56,104918,60514],{"class":184},[56,104920,254],{"class":180},[56,104922,78],{"class":70},[56,104924,263],{"class":180},[56,104926,60523],{"class":184},[56,104928,254],{"class":180},[56,104930,78],{"class":70},[56,104932,263],{"class":180},[56,104934,60532],{"class":184},[56,104936,254],{"class":180},[56,104938,78],{"class":70},[56,104940,263],{"class":180},[56,104942,60549],{"class":184},[56,104944,254],{"class":180},[56,104946,9397],{"class":70},[56,104948,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,104950,9366],{"class":70},[56,104952,2218],{"class":74},[56,104954,78],{"class":70},[56,104956,910],{"class":74},[56,104958,78],{"class":70},[56,104960,81],{"class":74},[56,104962,78],{"class":70},[56,104964,86],{"class":74},[56,104966,9397],{"class":70},[20,104968,104969,104970,98],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[36,104971,104972],{"href":64921},"Python list() function explained",[42,104974,104976],{"id":104975},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104978,98202],{},[47,104980,104981],{"className":49,"code":99167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,104982,104983,104993,105003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104984,104985,104987,104989,104991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104986,98212],{"class":62},[56,104988,67],{"class":66},[56,104990,15713],{"class":1545},[56,104992,105],{"class":70},[56,104994,104995,104997,104999,105001],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,104996,112],{"class":111},[56,104998,115],{"class":70},[56,105000,98231],{"class":101},[56,105002,238],{"class":70},[56,105004,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105006,112],{"class":111},[56,105008,115],{"class":70},[56,105010,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105012,115],{"class":70},[56,105014,98231],{"class":101},[56,105016,1553],{"class":70},[20,105018,241],{},[47,105020,105021],{"className":49,"code":99210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105022,105023,105029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105024,105025,105027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105026,6377],{"class":1545},[56,105028,105],{"class":70},[56,105030,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105032,1635],{"class":66},[56,105034,1639],{"class":1638},[56,105036,263],{"class":180},[56,105038,6377],{"class":184},[56,105040,254],{"class":180},[56,105042,1649],{"class":66},[20,105044,105045],{},"This is important because:",[143,105047,105048,105053],{},[146,105049,105050,105052],{},[15,105051,3886],{}," creates an empty set",[146,105054,105055,105057,105058,105060],{},[15,105056,3881],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[540,105059,931],{}," a set",[20,105062,163],{},[47,105064,105066],{"className":49,"code":105065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105067,105068,105078,105086,105090,105104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105069,105070,105072,105074,105076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105071,2652],{"class":62},[56,105073,67],{"class":66},[56,105075,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105077,105],{"class":70},[56,105079,105080,105082,105084],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105081,2680],{"class":62},[56,105083,67],{"class":66},[56,105085,9926],{"class":70},[56,105087,105088],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105089,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,105091,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,105093,112],{"class":111},[56,105095,115],{"class":70},[56,105097,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105099,115],{"class":70},[56,105101,36],{"class":101},[56,105103,1553],{"class":70},[56,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,105107,112],{"class":111},[56,105109,115],{"class":70},[56,105111,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105113,115],{"class":70},[56,105115,194],{"class":101},[56,105117,1553],{"class":70},[20,105119,241],{},[47,105121,105123],{"className":49,"code":105122,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105124,105125,105139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105128,1635],{"class":66},[56,105130,1639],{"class":1638},[56,105132,263],{"class":180},[56,105134,6377],{"class":184},[56,105136,254],{"class":180},[56,105138,1649],{"class":66},[56,105140,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105142,1635],{"class":66},[56,105144,1639],{"class":1638},[56,105146,263],{"class":180},[56,105148,8908],{"class":184},[56,105150,254],{"class":180},[56,105152,1649],{"class":66},[20,105154,14127],{},[20,105156,105157,105158,98],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[36,105159,104414],{"href":96253},[42,105161,105163],{"id":105162},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1030,105165,105167],{"id":105166},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105169,105170,105171,98],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105172,3886],{},[47,105174,105176],{"className":49,"code":105175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105177,105178,105210,105224,105228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105179,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105181,63],{"class":62},[56,105183,67],{"class":66},[56,105185,71],{"class":70},[56,105187,75],{"class":74},[56,105189,78],{"class":70},[56,105191,81],{"class":74},[56,105193,78],{"class":70},[56,105195,81],{"class":74},[56,105197,78],{"class":70},[56,105199,86],{"class":74},[56,105201,78],{"class":70},[56,105203,86],{"class":74},[56,105205,78],{"class":70},[56,105207,86],{"class":74},[56,105209,89],{"class":70},[56,105211,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105213,1156],{"class":62},[56,105215,67],{"class":66},[56,105217,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105219,115],{"class":70},[56,105221,95],{"class":101},[56,105223,238],{"class":70},[56,105225,105226],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105227,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,105229,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,105231,112],{"class":111},[56,105233,115],{"class":70},[56,105235,1190],{"class":101},[56,105237,238],{"class":70},[20,105239,241],{},[47,105241,105242],{"className":49,"code":96529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105243,105244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105245,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105247,9366],{"class":70},[56,105249,75],{"class":74},[56,105251,78],{"class":70},[56,105253,81],{"class":74},[56,105255,78],{"class":70},[56,105257,86],{"class":74},[56,105259,9397],{"class":70},[20,105261,105262,105263,98],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[36,105264,99000],{"href":105265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1030,105267,105269],{"id":105268},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[47,105271,105273],{"className":49,"code":105272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105274,105275,105299,105313,105317],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105276,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105278,3912],{"class":62},[56,105280,67],{"class":66},[56,105282,9324],{"class":70},[56,105284,2235],{"class":74},[56,105286,78],{"class":70},[56,105288,4693],{"class":74},[56,105290,78],{"class":70},[56,105292,508],{"class":74},[56,105294,78],{"class":70},[56,105296,38015],{"class":74},[56,105298,238],{"class":70},[56,105300,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105302,1156],{"class":62},[56,105304,67],{"class":66},[56,105306,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105308,115],{"class":70},[56,105310,5448],{"class":101},[56,105312,238],{"class":70},[56,105314,105315],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105316,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,105318,105319,105321,105323,105325],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,105320,112],{"class":111},[56,105322,115],{"class":70},[56,105324,1190],{"class":101},[56,105326,238],{"class":70},[20,105328,241],{},[47,105330,105332],{"className":49,"code":105331,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105333,105334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105335,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105337,9366],{"class":70},[56,105339,2235],{"class":74},[56,105341,78],{"class":70},[56,105343,508],{"class":74},[56,105345,78],{"class":70},[56,105347,38015],{"class":74},[56,105349,9397],{"class":70},[1030,105351,105353],{"id":105352},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105355,51208,105356,105358],{},[15,105357,3886],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[47,105360,105362],{"className":49,"code":105361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105363,105364,105376,105390,105394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105365,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105367,1466],{"class":62},[56,105369,67],{"class":66},[56,105371,191],{"class":180},[56,105373,571],{"class":184},[56,105375,1476],{"class":180},[56,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105379,1156],{"class":62},[56,105381,67],{"class":66},[56,105383,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105385,115],{"class":70},[56,105387,1481],{"class":101},[56,105389,238],{"class":70},[56,105391,105392],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105393,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,105395,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,105397,112],{"class":111},[56,105399,115],{"class":70},[56,105401,1190],{"class":101},[56,105403,238],{"class":70},[20,105405,30111],{},[47,105407,105409],{"className":49,"code":105408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105410,105411],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105412,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105414,9366],{"class":70},[56,105416,254],{"class":180},[56,105418,194],{"class":184},[56,105420,254],{"class":180},[56,105422,78],{"class":70},[56,105424,263],{"class":180},[56,105426,36],{"class":184},[56,105428,254],{"class":180},[56,105430,78],{"class":70},[56,105432,263],{"class":180},[56,105434,75949],{"class":184},[56,105436,254],{"class":180},[56,105438,9397],{"class":70},[20,105440,105441],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1030,105443,105445],{"id":105444},"from-range","From range()",[47,105447,105449],{"className":49,"code":105448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105450,105451,105469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105452,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105454,1156],{"class":62},[56,105456,67],{"class":66},[56,105458,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105460,115],{"class":70},[56,105462,60074],{"class":111},[56,105464,115],{"class":70},[56,105466,2235],{"class":74},[56,105468,1553],{"class":70},[56,105470,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105472,112],{"class":111},[56,105474,115],{"class":70},[56,105476,1190],{"class":101},[56,105478,238],{"class":70},[20,105480,241],{},[47,105482,105484],{"className":49,"code":105483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105485,105486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105487,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105489,9366],{"class":70},[56,105491,2218],{"class":74},[56,105493,78],{"class":70},[56,105495,910],{"class":74},[56,105497,78],{"class":70},[56,105499,81],{"class":74},[56,105501,78],{"class":70},[56,105503,86],{"class":74},[56,105505,78],{"class":70},[56,105507,2554],{"class":74},[56,105509,9397],{"class":70},[42,105511,105513],{"id":105512},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105515,99447,105516,98],{},[540,105517,96293],{},[20,105519,105520],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105522,99453],{},[143,105524,105525,105529,105533,105537],{},[146,105526,105527],{},[15,105528,2286],{},[146,105530,105531],{},[15,105532,3538],{},[146,105534,105535],{},[15,105536,2290],{},[146,105538,105539,105541],{},[15,105540,49034],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105543,163],{},[47,105545,105547],{"className":49,"code":105546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105548,105549,105580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105550,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105552,7871],{"class":62},[56,105554,67],{"class":66},[56,105556,10579],{"class":70},[56,105558,75],{"class":74},[56,105560,78],{"class":70},[56,105562,191],{"class":180},[56,105564,1473],{"class":184},[56,105566,181],{"class":180},[56,105568,78],{"class":70},[56,105570,9324],{"class":70},[56,105572,444],{"class":74},[56,105574,78],{"class":70},[56,105576,449],{"class":74},[56,105578,105579],{"class":70},")}\n",[56,105581,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105583,112],{"class":111},[56,105585,115],{"class":70},[56,105587,7900],{"class":101},[56,105589,238],{"class":70},[20,105591,99515,105592,105594],{},[540,105593,931],{}," work inside a set:",[143,105596,105597,105601,105605],{},[146,105598,105599],{},[15,105600,1644],{},[146,105602,105603],{},[15,105604,8908],{},[146,105606,105607],{},[15,105608,6377],{},[20,105610,97018],{},[47,105612,105614],{"className":49,"code":105613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105615,105616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105617,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105619,99534],{"class":62},[56,105621,67],{"class":66},[56,105623,99539],{"class":70},[56,105625,75],{"class":74},[56,105627,78],{"class":70},[56,105629,81],{"class":74},[56,105631,18142],{"class":70},[56,105633,71],{"class":70},[56,105635,901],{"class":74},[56,105637,78],{"class":70},[56,105639,2554],{"class":74},[56,105641,13784],{"class":70},[20,105643,76777,105644,105646],{},[15,105645,3103],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105648,105649],{},"A safer example:",[47,105651,105653],{"className":49,"code":105652,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105654,105655,105683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105656,105657,105660,105662,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105658,105659],{"class":62},"good_set ",[56,105661,67],{"class":66},[56,105663,105664],{"class":70}," {(",[56,105666,75],{"class":74},[56,105668,78],{"class":70},[56,105670,81],{"class":74},[56,105672,9321],{"class":70},[56,105674,9324],{"class":70},[56,105676,901],{"class":74},[56,105678,78],{"class":70},[56,105680,2554],{"class":74},[56,105682,105579],{"class":70},[56,105684,105685,105687,105689,105692],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105686,112],{"class":111},[56,105688,115],{"class":70},[56,105690,105691],{"class":101},"good_set",[56,105693,238],{"class":70},[20,105695,241],{},[47,105697,105699],{"className":49,"code":105698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105700,105701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105702,105703,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105704,105705],{"class":70},"{(",[56,105707,75],{"class":74},[56,105709,78],{"class":70},[56,105711,81],{"class":74},[56,105713,9321],{"class":70},[56,105715,9324],{"class":70},[56,105717,901],{"class":74},[56,105719,78],{"class":70},[56,105721,2554],{"class":74},[56,105723,105579],{"class":70},[42,105725,105727],{"id":105726},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105729,650,105730,10689],{},[15,105731,3886],{},[143,105733,105734,105737,105742,105745],{},[146,105735,105736],{},"you need unique values only",[146,105738,105739,105740],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105741,3972],{},[146,105743,105744],{},"order does not matter",[146,105746,105747],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105749,105750],{},"Example of membership checking:",[47,105752,105754],{"className":49,"code":105753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105755,105756,105781,105785,105801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105757,105758,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771,105774,105776,105779],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105759,105760],{"class":62},"allowed_ids ",[56,105762,67],{"class":66},[56,105764,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105766,3084],{"class":70},[56,105768,46672],{"class":74},[56,105770,78],{"class":70},[56,105772,105773],{"class":74}," 102",[56,105775,78],{"class":70},[56,105777,105778],{"class":74}," 103",[56,105780,1607],{"class":70},[56,105782,105783],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105784,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,105786,105787,105789,105791,105794,105796,105799],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,105788,112],{"class":111},[56,105790,115],{"class":70},[56,105792,105793],{"class":74},"102",[56,105795,21254],{"class":3965},[56,105797,105798],{"class":101}," allowed_ids",[56,105800,238],{"class":70},[56,105802,105803,105805,105807,105810,105812,105814],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,105804,112],{"class":111},[56,105806,115],{"class":70},[56,105808,105809],{"class":74},"999",[56,105811,21254],{"class":3965},[56,105813,105798],{"class":101},[56,105815,238],{"class":70},[20,105817,241],{},[47,105819,105820],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105821,105822,105826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105823,105824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105825,4068],{"class":893},[56,105827,105828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105829,4129],{"class":893},[20,105831,105832],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[42,105834,105836],{"id":105835},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105838,105839],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1030,105841,650,105843,98144],{"id":105842},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105844,3886],{},[47,105846,105847],{"className":49,"code":98205,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105848,105849,105859],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105850,105851,105853,105855,105857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105852,98212],{"class":62},[56,105854,67],{"class":66},[56,105856,15713],{"class":1545},[56,105858,105],{"class":70},[56,105860,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105862,112],{"class":111},[56,105864,115],{"class":70},[56,105866,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105868,115],{"class":70},[56,105870,98231],{"class":101},[56,105872,1553],{"class":70},[20,105874,241],{},[47,105876,105877],{"className":49,"code":8939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105878,105879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105880,105881,105883,105885,105887,105889,105891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105882,1635],{"class":66},[56,105884,1639],{"class":1638},[56,105886,263],{"class":180},[56,105888,6377],{"class":184},[56,105890,254],{"class":180},[56,105892,1649],{"class":66},[1030,105894,650,105896,105898],{"id":105895},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105897,100204],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[47,105900,105902],{"className":49,"code":105901,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105903,105904,105924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105905,105906,105908,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918,105920,105922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105907,63],{"class":62},[56,105909,67],{"class":66},[56,105911,10579],{"class":70},[56,105913,75],{"class":74},[56,105915,78],{"class":70},[56,105917,81],{"class":74},[56,105919,78],{"class":70},[56,105921,86],{"class":74},[56,105923,9397],{"class":70},[56,105925,105926,105928,105930,105932,105934,105936],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105927,112],{"class":111},[56,105929,115],{"class":70},[56,105931,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105933,115],{"class":70},[56,105935,95],{"class":101},[56,105937,1553],{"class":70},[20,105939,241],{},[47,105941,105942],{"className":49,"code":8939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105943,105944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105945,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105947,1635],{"class":66},[56,105949,1639],{"class":1638},[56,105951,263],{"class":180},[56,105953,6377],{"class":184},[56,105955,254],{"class":180},[56,105957,1649],{"class":66},[1030,105959,650,105961,105963],{"id":105960},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105962,3881],{}," for an empty dictionary",[47,105965,105967],{"className":49,"code":105966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105968,105969,105978],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105970,105971,105974,105976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105972,105973],{"class":62},"empty_dict ",[56,105975,67],{"class":66},[56,105977,9926],{"class":70},[56,105979,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105991],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,105981,112],{"class":111},[56,105983,115],{"class":70},[56,105985,1546],{"class":1545},[56,105987,115],{"class":70},[56,105989,105990],{"class":101},"empty_dict",[56,105992,1553],{"class":70},[20,105994,241],{},[47,105996,105997],{"className":49,"code":8895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,105998,105999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106000,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106002,1635],{"class":66},[56,106004,1639],{"class":1638},[56,106006,263],{"class":180},[56,106008,8908],{"class":184},[56,106010,254],{"class":180},[56,106012,1649],{"class":66},[20,106014,106015],{},"So the rule is simple:",[143,106017,106018,106023,106028],{},[146,106019,106020,106022],{},[15,106021,3886],{}," → empty set",[146,106024,106025,106027],{},[15,106026,100204],{}," → non-empty set",[146,106029,106030,106032],{},[15,106031,3881],{}," → empty dictionary",[42,106034,1418],{"id":1417},[20,106036,106037,106038,98],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106039,3886],{},[1030,106041,1441,106042,99802],{"id":99799},[15,106043,3881],{},[20,106045,106046],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[47,106048,106049],{"className":49,"code":99808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,106050,106051,106059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106052,106053,106055,106057],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106054,2544],{"class":62},[56,106056,67],{"class":66},[56,106058,9926],{"class":70},[56,106060,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106062,112],{"class":111},[56,106064,115],{"class":70},[56,106066,1546],{"class":1545},[56,106068,115],{"class":70},[56,106070,2570],{"class":101},[56,106072,1553],{"class":70},[1030,106074,106076,106077],{"id":106075},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106078,106079],{},"set(5)",[20,106081,106082,106084],{},[15,106083,3886],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[47,106086,106088],{"className":49,"code":106087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(5)\n",[15,106089,106090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106091,106092,106094,106096,106098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106093,6377],{"class":1545},[56,106095,115],{"class":70},[56,106097,2235],{"class":74},[56,106099,238],{"class":70},[20,106101,3100,106102,106104,106105,98],{},[15,106103,3103],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[36,106106,106108],{"href":106107},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1030,106110,106112],{"id":106111},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106114,106115],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,106117,106119],{"className":49,"code":106118,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106120,106121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106122,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106124,2544],{"class":62},[56,106126,67],{"class":66},[56,106128,99539],{"class":70},[56,106130,75],{"class":74},[56,106132,78],{"class":70},[56,106134,81],{"class":74},[56,106136,18142],{"class":70},[56,106138,71],{"class":70},[56,106140,901],{"class":74},[56,106142,78],{"class":70},[56,106144,2554],{"class":74},[56,106146,13784],{"class":70},[1030,106148,1435,106150,106152],{"id":106149},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106151,3886],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106154,106155],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1030,106157,1447,106159,1450,106161,2976,106163],{"id":106158},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106160,3886],{},[15,106162,24862],{},[15,106164,9207],{},[20,106166,106167],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[42,106169,60786],{"id":60785},[20,106171,11201],{},[47,106173,106175],{"className":49,"code":106174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106176,106177,106192,106202,106216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106180,112],{"class":111},[56,106182,115],{"class":70},[56,106184,1546],{"class":1545},[56,106186,115],{"class":70},[56,106188,106189],{"class":101},"my_value",[56,106191,1553],{"class":70},[56,106193,106194,106196,106198,106200],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106195,112],{"class":111},[56,106197,115],{"class":70},[56,106199,106189],{"class":101},[56,106201,238],{"class":70},[56,106203,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,106205,112],{"class":111},[56,106207,115],{"class":70},[56,106209,1644],{"class":1545},[56,106211,115],{"class":70},[56,106213,15746],{"class":101},[56,106215,1553],{"class":70},[56,106217,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,106219,112],{"class":111},[56,106221,115],{"class":70},[56,106223,11250],{"class":111},[56,106225,115],{"class":70},[56,106227,15746],{"class":101},[56,106229,1553],{"class":70},[20,106231,106232],{},"What they help you see:",[143,106234,106235,106241,106246,106252],{},[146,106236,106237,106240],{},[15,106238,106239],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[146,106242,106243,90468],{},[15,106244,106245],{},"print(my_value)",[146,106247,106248,106251],{},[15,106249,106250],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[146,106253,106254,106257],{},[15,106255,106256],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[42,106259,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,106261,106263],{"id":106262},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106265,106266],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1030,106268,106270],{"id":106269},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106272,650,106273,106275,106276,106278],{},[15,106274,3886],{},". Do not use ",[15,106277,3881],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1030,106280,106282],{"id":106281},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106284,106285],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1030,106287,106289],{"id":106288},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106291,106292],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106294,163],{},[47,106296,106298],{"className":49,"code":106297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106299,106300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106301,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106303,112],{"class":111},[56,106305,115],{"class":70},[56,106307,6377],{"class":1545},[56,106309,115],{"class":70},[56,106311,181],{"class":180},[56,106313,562],{"class":184},[56,106315,181],{"class":180},[56,106317,1553],{"class":70},[20,106319,30111],{},[47,106321,106323],{"className":49,"code":106322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106324,106325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106326,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106328,9366],{"class":70},[56,106330,254],{"class":180},[56,106332,36],{"class":184},[56,106334,254],{"class":180},[56,106336,78],{"class":70},[56,106338,263],{"class":180},[56,106340,20],{"class":184},[56,106342,254],{"class":180},[56,106344,78],{"class":70},[56,106346,263],{"class":180},[56,106348,60532],{"class":184},[56,106350,254],{"class":180},[56,106352,78],{"class":70},[56,106354,263],{"class":180},[56,106356,60523],{"class":184},[56,106358,254],{"class":180},[56,106360,9397],{"class":70},[1030,106362,5246,106364,106367],{"id":106363},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106365,106366],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106369,106370,28766,106372,106375],{},[15,106371,3886],{},[540,106373,106374],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106377,106378],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[47,106380,106382],{"className":49,"code":106381,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106383,106384],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106385,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106387,112],{"class":111},[56,106389,115],{"class":70},[56,106391,6377],{"class":1545},[56,106393,3084],{"class":70},[56,106395,75],{"class":74},[56,106397,78],{"class":70},[56,106399,81],{"class":74},[56,106401,78],{"class":70},[56,106403,86],{"class":74},[56,106405,78],{"class":70},[56,106407,2554],{"class":74},[56,106409,3097],{"class":70},[42,106411,1996],{"id":1995},[143,106413,106414,106418,106422,106426,106430],{},[146,106415,106416],{},[36,106417,96250],{"href":96249},[146,106419,106420],{},[36,106421,104414],{"href":96253},[146,106423,106424],{},[36,106425,100266],{"href":105265},[146,106427,106428],{},[36,106429,104972],{"href":64921},[146,106431,106432],{},[36,106433,106108],{"href":106107},[2028,106435,106436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":106438},[106439,106440,106441,106442,106443,106449,106450,106451,106459,106469,106470,106478],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":104590,"depth":92,"text":104591},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":104975,"depth":92,"text":104976},{"id":105162,"depth":92,"text":105163,"children":106444},[106445,106446,106447,106448],{"id":105166,"depth":108,"text":105167},{"id":105268,"depth":108,"text":105269},{"id":105352,"depth":108,"text":105353},{"id":105444,"depth":108,"text":105445},{"id":105512,"depth":92,"text":105513},{"id":105726,"depth":92,"text":105727},{"id":105835,"depth":92,"text":105836,"children":106452},[106453,106455,106457],{"id":105842,"depth":108,"text":106454},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105895,"depth":108,"text":106456},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105960,"depth":108,"text":106458},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":106460},[106461,106462,106464,106465,106467],{"id":99799,"depth":108,"text":100307},{"id":106075,"depth":108,"text":106463},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106111,"depth":108,"text":106112},{"id":106149,"depth":108,"text":106466},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106158,"depth":108,"text":106468},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60785,"depth":92,"text":60786},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":106471},[106472,106473,106474,106475,106476],{"id":106262,"depth":108,"text":106263},{"id":106269,"depth":108,"text":106270},{"id":106281,"depth":108,"text":106282},{"id":106288,"depth":108,"text":106289},{"id":106363,"depth":108,"text":106477},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104472,"description":106479},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106486,"title":106487,"body":106488,"description":108003,"extension":2062,"meta":108004,"navigation":600,"path":108005,"seo":108006,"stem":108007,"__hash__":108008},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106489,"toc":107979},[106490,106496,106501,106504,106587,106592,106597,106602,106604,106617,106621,106623,106642,106645,106668,106671,106682,106684,106765,106767,106784,106786,106792,106795,106890,106892,106923,106925,106933,106935,106938,107049,107051,107076,107078,107100,107105,107110,107116,107225,107227,107243,107246,107249,107332,107334,107351,107359,107361,107365,107371,107462,107464,107497,107502,107509,107586,107588,107605,107611,107613,107617,107633,107636,107662,107664,107725,107727,107850,107852,107903,107909,107911,107916,107918,107924,107927,107931,107934,107938,107941,107951,107953,107976],[10,106491,2009,106493,18],{"id":106492},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106494,106495],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106497,2079,106498,106500],{},[15,106499,106495],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106502,106503],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[47,106505,106507],{"className":49,"code":106506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106508,106509,106529,106549,106553,106572,106582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106510,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106512,2652],{"class":62},[56,106514,67],{"class":66},[56,106516,10579],{"class":70},[56,106518,75],{"class":74},[56,106520,78],{"class":70},[56,106522,81],{"class":74},[56,106524,78],{"class":70},[56,106526,86],{"class":74},[56,106528,9397],{"class":70},[56,106530,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106532,2680],{"class":62},[56,106534,67],{"class":66},[56,106536,10579],{"class":70},[56,106538,1097],{"class":74},[56,106540,78],{"class":70},[56,106542,86],{"class":74},[56,106544,78],{"class":70},[56,106546,2554],{"class":74},[56,106548,9397],{"class":70},[56,106550,106551],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,106552,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,106554,106555,106557,106559,106561,106563,106566,106568,106570],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,106556,1156],{"class":62},[56,106558,67],{"class":66},[56,106560,56962],{"class":62},[56,106562,98],{"class":70},[56,106564,106565],{"class":101},"intersection",[56,106567,115],{"class":70},[56,106569,194],{"class":101},[56,106571,238],{"class":70},[56,106573,106574,106576,106578,106580],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,106575,112],{"class":111},[56,106577,115],{"class":70},[56,106579,1190],{"class":101},[56,106581,238],{"class":70},[56,106583,106584],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,106585,106586],{"class":123},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106588,650,106589,106591],{},[15,106590,102713],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[42,106593,13077,106595,13080],{"id":106594},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106596,102713],{},[20,106598,106599,106601],{},[15,106600,102713],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106603,311],{},[143,106605,106606,106609,106611,106614],{},[146,106607,106608],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[146,106610,100483],{},[146,106612,106613],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[146,106615,106616],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106618,96246,106619,98],{},[36,106620,96250],{"href":96249},[42,106622,289],{"id":288},[47,106624,106626],{"className":49,"code":106625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106627,106628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106629,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106631,100507],{"class":62},[56,106633,98],{"class":70},[56,106635,106565],{"class":101},[56,106637,115],{"class":70},[56,106639,100516],{"class":101},[56,106641,238],{"class":70},[20,106643,106644],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[47,106646,106648],{"className":49,"code":106647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106649,106650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106651,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106653,100507],{"class":62},[56,106655,98],{"class":70},[56,106657,106565],{"class":101},[56,106659,115],{"class":70},[56,106661,100516],{"class":101},[56,106663,78],{"class":70},[56,106665,100543],{"class":101},[56,106667,238],{"class":70},[20,106669,106670],{},"Important notes:",[143,106672,106673,106676,106679],{},[146,106674,106675],{},"The result is always a new set",[146,106677,106678],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[146,106680,106681],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106683,163],{},[47,106685,106687],{"className":49,"code":106686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106688,106689,106713,106733,106737,106755],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106690,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106692,2652],{"class":62},[56,106694,67],{"class":66},[56,106696,10579],{"class":70},[56,106698,75],{"class":74},[56,106700,78],{"class":70},[56,106702,81],{"class":74},[56,106704,78],{"class":70},[56,106706,86],{"class":74},[56,106708,78],{"class":70},[56,106710,2554],{"class":74},[56,106712,9397],{"class":70},[56,106714,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106716,2680],{"class":62},[56,106718,67],{"class":66},[56,106720,10579],{"class":70},[56,106722,901],{"class":74},[56,106724,78],{"class":70},[56,106726,2554],{"class":74},[56,106728,78],{"class":70},[56,106730,4693],{"class":74},[56,106732,9397],{"class":70},[56,106734,106735],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,106736,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,106738,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,106740,1156],{"class":62},[56,106742,67],{"class":66},[56,106744,56962],{"class":62},[56,106746,98],{"class":70},[56,106748,106565],{"class":101},[56,106750,115],{"class":70},[56,106752,194],{"class":101},[56,106754,238],{"class":70},[56,106756,106757,106759,106761,106763],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,106758,112],{"class":111},[56,106760,115],{"class":70},[56,106762,1190],{"class":101},[56,106764,238],{"class":70},[20,106766,241],{},[47,106768,106770],{"className":49,"code":106769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106771,106772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106773,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106775,9366],{"class":70},[56,106777,901],{"class":74},[56,106779,78],{"class":70},[56,106781,2554],{"class":74},[56,106783,9397],{"class":70},[42,106785,17500],{"id":17499},[20,106787,106788,22056,106790,98],{},[15,106789,102713],{},[540,106791,6377],{},[20,106793,106794],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[47,106796,106798],{"className":49,"code":106797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106799,106800,106820,106840,106844,106862,106866,106876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106803,2652],{"class":62},[56,106805,67],{"class":66},[56,106807,10579],{"class":70},[56,106809,75],{"class":74},[56,106811,78],{"class":70},[56,106813,81],{"class":74},[56,106815,78],{"class":70},[56,106817,86],{"class":74},[56,106819,9397],{"class":70},[56,106821,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106823,2680],{"class":62},[56,106825,67],{"class":66},[56,106827,10579],{"class":70},[56,106829,1097],{"class":74},[56,106831,78],{"class":70},[56,106833,86],{"class":74},[56,106835,78],{"class":70},[56,106837,2554],{"class":74},[56,106839,9397],{"class":70},[56,106841,106842],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,106843,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,106845,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,106847,1156],{"class":62},[56,106849,67],{"class":66},[56,106851,56962],{"class":62},[56,106853,98],{"class":70},[56,106855,106565],{"class":101},[56,106857,115],{"class":70},[56,106859,194],{"class":101},[56,106861,238],{"class":70},[56,106863,106864],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,106865,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,106867,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,106869,112],{"class":111},[56,106871,115],{"class":70},[56,106873,1190],{"class":101},[56,106875,238],{"class":70},[56,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,106879,112],{"class":111},[56,106881,115],{"class":70},[56,106883,1546],{"class":1545},[56,106885,115],{"class":70},[56,106887,1190],{"class":101},[56,106889,1553],{"class":70},[20,106891,241],{},[47,106893,106895],{"className":49,"code":106894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106896,106897,106909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106898,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106900,9366],{"class":70},[56,106902,1097],{"class":74},[56,106904,78],{"class":70},[56,106906,86],{"class":74},[56,106908,9397],{"class":70},[56,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106912,1635],{"class":66},[56,106914,1639],{"class":1638},[56,106916,263],{"class":180},[56,106918,6377],{"class":184},[56,106920,254],{"class":180},[56,106922,1649],{"class":66},[20,106924,85731],{},[143,106926,106927,106930],{},[146,106928,106929],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[146,106931,106932],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[42,106934,425],{"id":424},[20,106936,106937],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[47,106939,106941],{"className":49,"code":106940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106942,106943,106976,107009,107013,107034,107038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106944,106945,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106946,106947],{"class":62},"colors1 ",[56,106949,67],{"class":66},[56,106951,10579],{"class":70},[56,106953,181],{"class":180},[56,106955,343],{"class":184},[56,106957,181],{"class":180},[56,106959,78],{"class":70},[56,106961,191],{"class":180},[56,106963,361],{"class":184},[56,106965,181],{"class":180},[56,106967,78],{"class":70},[56,106969,191],{"class":180},[56,106971,352],{"class":184},[56,106973,181],{"class":180},[56,106975,9397],{"class":70},[56,106977,106978,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,106979,106980],{"class":62},"colors2 ",[56,106982,67],{"class":66},[56,106984,10579],{"class":70},[56,106986,181],{"class":180},[56,106988,352],{"class":184},[56,106990,181],{"class":180},[56,106992,78],{"class":70},[56,106994,191],{"class":180},[56,106996,22605],{"class":184},[56,106998,181],{"class":180},[56,107000,78],{"class":70},[56,107002,191],{"class":180},[56,107004,361],{"class":184},[56,107006,181],{"class":180},[56,107008,9397],{"class":70},[56,107010,107011],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107012,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107014,107015,107018,107020,107023,107025,107027,107029,107032],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107016,107017],{"class":62},"common_colors ",[56,107019,67],{"class":66},[56,107021,107022],{"class":62}," colors1",[56,107024,98],{"class":70},[56,107026,106565],{"class":101},[56,107028,115],{"class":70},[56,107030,107031],{"class":101},"colors2",[56,107033,238],{"class":70},[56,107035,107036],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,107037,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107039,107040,107042,107044,107047],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,107041,112],{"class":111},[56,107043,115],{"class":70},[56,107045,107046],{"class":101},"common_colors",[56,107048,238],{"class":70},[20,107050,241],{},[47,107052,107054],{"className":49,"code":107053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107055,107056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107059,9366],{"class":70},[56,107061,254],{"class":180},[56,107063,361],{"class":184},[56,107065,254],{"class":180},[56,107067,78],{"class":70},[56,107069,263],{"class":180},[56,107071,352],{"class":184},[56,107073,254],{"class":180},[56,107075,9397],{"class":70},[20,107077,513],{},[143,107079,107080,107086,107090,107095],{},[146,107081,107082,107085],{},[15,107083,107084],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[146,107087,107088,107085],{},[15,107089,107031],{},[146,107091,107092,107094],{},[15,107093,102713],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[146,107096,107097,107098],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107099,107046],{},[42,107101,1441,107103,101080],{"id":107102},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107104,102713],{},[20,107106,107107,107108,98],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107109,102713],{},[20,107111,107112,107113,107115],{},"Only the values found in ",[540,107114,3805],{}," inputs will be kept.",[47,107117,107119],{"className":49,"code":107118,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107120,107121,107145,107169,107189,107193,107215],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107122,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107124,2652],{"class":62},[56,107126,67],{"class":66},[56,107128,10579],{"class":70},[56,107130,75],{"class":74},[56,107132,78],{"class":70},[56,107134,81],{"class":74},[56,107136,78],{"class":70},[56,107138,86],{"class":74},[56,107140,78],{"class":70},[56,107142,2554],{"class":74},[56,107144,9397],{"class":70},[56,107146,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107148,2680],{"class":62},[56,107150,67],{"class":66},[56,107152,10579],{"class":70},[56,107154,1097],{"class":74},[56,107156,78],{"class":70},[56,107158,86],{"class":74},[56,107160,78],{"class":70},[56,107162,2554],{"class":74},[56,107164,78],{"class":70},[56,107166,4693],{"class":74},[56,107168,9397],{"class":70},[56,107170,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107172,83105],{"class":62},[56,107174,67],{"class":66},[56,107176,10579],{"class":70},[56,107178,901],{"class":74},[56,107180,78],{"class":70},[56,107182,2554],{"class":74},[56,107184,78],{"class":70},[56,107186,37722],{"class":74},[56,107188,9397],{"class":70},[56,107190,107191],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107192,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107194,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,107196,1156],{"class":62},[56,107198,67],{"class":66},[56,107200,56962],{"class":62},[56,107202,98],{"class":70},[56,107204,106565],{"class":101},[56,107206,115],{"class":70},[56,107208,194],{"class":101},[56,107210,78],{"class":70},[56,107212,9770],{"class":101},[56,107214,238],{"class":70},[56,107216,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,107218,112],{"class":111},[56,107220,115],{"class":70},[56,107222,1190],{"class":101},[56,107224,238],{"class":70},[20,107226,241],{},[47,107228,107229],{"className":49,"code":106769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,107230,107231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107232,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107234,9366],{"class":70},[56,107236,901],{"class":74},[56,107238,78],{"class":70},[56,107240,2554],{"class":74},[56,107242,9397],{"class":70},[20,107244,107245],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107247,107248],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[47,107250,107252],{"className":49,"code":107251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107253,107254,107278,107282,107322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107255,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107257,2652],{"class":62},[56,107259,67],{"class":66},[56,107261,10579],{"class":70},[56,107263,75],{"class":74},[56,107265,78],{"class":70},[56,107267,81],{"class":74},[56,107269,78],{"class":70},[56,107271,86],{"class":74},[56,107273,78],{"class":70},[56,107275,2554],{"class":74},[56,107277,9397],{"class":70},[56,107279,107280],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107281,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107285,1156],{"class":62},[56,107287,67],{"class":66},[56,107289,56962],{"class":62},[56,107291,98],{"class":70},[56,107293,106565],{"class":101},[56,107295,3084],{"class":70},[56,107297,1097],{"class":74},[56,107299,78],{"class":70},[56,107301,2554],{"class":74},[56,107303,78],{"class":70},[56,107305,37722],{"class":74},[56,107307,18142],{"class":70},[56,107309,9324],{"class":70},[56,107311,75],{"class":74},[56,107313,78],{"class":70},[56,107315,81],{"class":74},[56,107317,78],{"class":70},[56,107319,2554],{"class":74},[56,107321,1553],{"class":70},[56,107323,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107325,112],{"class":111},[56,107327,115],{"class":70},[56,107329,1190],{"class":101},[56,107331,238],{"class":70},[20,107333,241],{},[47,107335,107337],{"className":49,"code":107336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107338,107339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107340,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107342,9366],{"class":70},[56,107344,1097],{"class":74},[56,107346,78],{"class":70},[56,107348,2554],{"class":74},[56,107350,9397],{"class":70},[42,107352,107354,1021,107356],{"id":107353},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107355,102713],{},[15,107357,107358],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107360,101250],{},[1030,107362,107363],{"id":106565},[15,107364,102713],{},[143,107366,107367,107369],{},[146,107368,101259],{},[146,107370,101262],{},[47,107372,107374],{"className":49,"code":107373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107375,107376,107396,107416,107420,107438,107442,107452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107377,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107379,2652],{"class":62},[56,107381,67],{"class":66},[56,107383,10579],{"class":70},[56,107385,75],{"class":74},[56,107387,78],{"class":70},[56,107389,81],{"class":74},[56,107391,78],{"class":70},[56,107393,86],{"class":74},[56,107395,9397],{"class":70},[56,107397,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107399,2680],{"class":62},[56,107401,67],{"class":66},[56,107403,10579],{"class":70},[56,107405,1097],{"class":74},[56,107407,78],{"class":70},[56,107409,86],{"class":74},[56,107411,78],{"class":70},[56,107413,2554],{"class":74},[56,107415,9397],{"class":70},[56,107417,107418],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107419,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107421,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107423,1156],{"class":62},[56,107425,67],{"class":66},[56,107427,56962],{"class":62},[56,107429,98],{"class":70},[56,107431,106565],{"class":101},[56,107433,115],{"class":70},[56,107435,194],{"class":101},[56,107437,238],{"class":70},[56,107439,107440],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,107441,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107443,107444,107446,107448,107450],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,107445,112],{"class":111},[56,107447,115],{"class":70},[56,107449,36],{"class":101},[56,107451,238],{"class":70},[56,107453,107454,107456,107458,107460],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,107455,112],{"class":111},[56,107457,115],{"class":70},[56,107459,1190],{"class":101},[56,107461,238],{"class":70},[20,107463,241],{},[47,107465,107467],{"className":49,"code":107466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107468,107469,107485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107470,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107472,9366],{"class":70},[56,107474,75],{"class":74},[56,107476,78],{"class":70},[56,107478,81],{"class":74},[56,107480,78],{"class":70},[56,107482,86],{"class":74},[56,107484,9397],{"class":70},[56,107486,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107488,9366],{"class":70},[56,107490,1097],{"class":74},[56,107492,78],{"class":70},[56,107494,86],{"class":74},[56,107496,9397],{"class":70},[1030,107498,107500],{"id":107499},"intersection_update",[15,107501,107358],{},[143,107503,107504,107506],{},[146,107505,101402],{},[146,107507,107508],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[47,107510,107512],{"className":49,"code":107511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107513,107514,107534,107554,107558,107572,107576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107515,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107517,2652],{"class":62},[56,107519,67],{"class":66},[56,107521,10579],{"class":70},[56,107523,75],{"class":74},[56,107525,78],{"class":70},[56,107527,81],{"class":74},[56,107529,78],{"class":70},[56,107531,86],{"class":74},[56,107533,9397],{"class":70},[56,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107537,2680],{"class":62},[56,107539,67],{"class":66},[56,107541,10579],{"class":70},[56,107543,1097],{"class":74},[56,107545,78],{"class":70},[56,107547,86],{"class":74},[56,107549,78],{"class":70},[56,107551,2554],{"class":74},[56,107553,9397],{"class":70},[56,107555,107556],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107557,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107561,36],{"class":62},[56,107563,98],{"class":70},[56,107565,107499],{"class":101},[56,107567,115],{"class":70},[56,107569,194],{"class":101},[56,107571,238],{"class":70},[56,107573,107574],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,107575,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,107579,112],{"class":111},[56,107581,115],{"class":70},[56,107583,36],{"class":101},[56,107585,238],{"class":70},[20,107587,241],{},[47,107589,107591],{"className":49,"code":107590,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107592,107593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107594,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107596,9366],{"class":70},[56,107598,1097],{"class":74},[56,107600,78],{"class":70},[56,107602,86],{"class":74},[56,107604,9397],{"class":70},[20,107606,107607,107608,107610],{},"Choose ",[15,107609,102713],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[42,107612,4606],{"id":4605},[20,107614,14812,107615,141],{},[15,107616,102713],{},[143,107618,107619,107622,107625,107628],{},[146,107620,107621],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[146,107623,107624],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[146,107626,107627],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[146,107629,107630,107631],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107632,102713],{},[20,107634,107635],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[143,107637,107638,107643,107646,107659],{},[146,107639,1441,107640,107642],{},[15,107641,102713],{}," when order matters",[146,107644,107645],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[146,107647,1447,107648,1450,107650,2976,107655],{},[15,107649,102713],{},[36,107651,107653],{"href":107652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107654,102721],{},[36,107656,107657],{"href":102762},[15,107658,100336],{},[146,107660,107661],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107663,30217],{},[47,107665,107667],{"className":49,"code":107666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107668,107669,107679,107693,107711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107672,112],{"class":111},[56,107674,115],{"class":70},[56,107676,15746],{"class":101},[56,107678,238],{"class":70},[56,107680,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107682,112],{"class":111},[56,107684,115],{"class":70},[56,107686,1546],{"class":1545},[56,107688,115],{"class":70},[56,107690,1190],{"class":101},[56,107692,1553],{"class":70},[56,107694,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107696,112],{"class":111},[56,107698,115],{"class":70},[56,107700,100507],{"class":101},[56,107702,98],{"class":70},[56,107704,106565],{"class":101},[56,107706,115],{"class":70},[56,107708,100516],{"class":101},[56,107710,1553],{"class":70},[56,107712,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107714,112],{"class":111},[56,107716,115],{"class":70},[56,107718,11250],{"class":111},[56,107720,115],{"class":70},[56,107722,1190],{"class":101},[56,107724,1553],{"class":70},[20,107726,163],{},[47,107728,107730],{"className":49,"code":107729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107731,107732,107756,107776,107780,107798,107802,107812,107822,107836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752,107754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107735,63],{"class":62},[56,107737,67],{"class":66},[56,107739,10579],{"class":70},[56,107741,75],{"class":74},[56,107743,78],{"class":70},[56,107745,81],{"class":74},[56,107747,78],{"class":70},[56,107749,81],{"class":74},[56,107751,78],{"class":70},[56,107753,86],{"class":74},[56,107755,9397],{"class":70},[56,107757,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107759,43629],{"class":62},[56,107761,67],{"class":66},[56,107763,10579],{"class":70},[56,107765,1097],{"class":74},[56,107767,78],{"class":70},[56,107769,86],{"class":74},[56,107771,78],{"class":70},[56,107773,2554],{"class":74},[56,107775,9397],{"class":70},[56,107777,107778],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107779,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107781,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107783,1156],{"class":62},[56,107785,67],{"class":66},[56,107787,850],{"class":62},[56,107789,98],{"class":70},[56,107791,106565],{"class":101},[56,107793,115],{"class":70},[56,107795,30825],{"class":101},[56,107797,238],{"class":70},[56,107799,107800],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,107801,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,107803,107804,107806,107808,107810],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,107805,112],{"class":111},[56,107807,115],{"class":70},[56,107809,95],{"class":101},[56,107811,238],{"class":70},[56,107813,107814,107816,107818,107820],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,107815,112],{"class":111},[56,107817,115],{"class":70},[56,107819,1190],{"class":101},[56,107821,238],{"class":70},[56,107823,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,107825,112],{"class":111},[56,107827,115],{"class":70},[56,107829,1546],{"class":1545},[56,107831,115],{"class":70},[56,107833,1190],{"class":101},[56,107835,1553],{"class":70},[56,107837,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,107839,112],{"class":111},[56,107841,115],{"class":70},[56,107843,11250],{"class":111},[56,107845,115],{"class":70},[56,107847,1190],{"class":101},[56,107849,1553],{"class":70},[20,107851,241],{},[47,107853,107855],{"className":49,"code":107854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107856,107857,107873,107885,107899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107860,9366],{"class":70},[56,107862,75],{"class":74},[56,107864,78],{"class":70},[56,107866,81],{"class":74},[56,107868,78],{"class":70},[56,107870,86],{"class":74},[56,107872,9397],{"class":70},[56,107874,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,107876,9366],{"class":70},[56,107878,1097],{"class":74},[56,107880,78],{"class":70},[56,107882,86],{"class":74},[56,107884,9397],{"class":70},[56,107886,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,107888,1635],{"class":66},[56,107890,1639],{"class":1638},[56,107892,263],{"class":180},[56,107894,6377],{"class":184},[56,107896,254],{"class":180},[56,107898,1649],{"class":66},[56,107900,107901],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,107902,17137],{"class":74},[20,107904,107905,107906,107908],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107907,1097],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[42,107910,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,107912,1892,107914,102661],{"id":107913},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107915,102713],{},[20,107917,102664],{},[1030,107919,5258,107921,107923],{"id":107920},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107922,102713],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107925,107926],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1030,107928,107930],{"id":107929},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107932,107933],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1030,107935,107937],{"id":107936},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107939,107940],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[47,107942,107943],{"className":49,"code":97380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,107944,107945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107946,107947,107949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107948,6377],{"class":1545},[56,107950,105],{"class":70},[42,107952,1996],{"id":1995},[143,107954,107955,107959,107966,107972],{},[146,107956,107957],{},[36,107958,96250],{"href":96249},[146,107960,107961],{},[36,107962,2009,107963,1384],{"href":107652},[15,107964,107965],{},"set.union()",[146,107967,107968],{},[36,107969,2009,107970,1384],{"href":102762},[15,107971,100341],{},[146,107973,107974],{},[36,107975,100266],{"href":105265},[2028,107977,107978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":107980},[107981,107983,107984,107985,107986,107988,107993,107994,108002],{"id":106594,"depth":92,"text":107982},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":107102,"depth":92,"text":107987},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107353,"depth":92,"text":107989,"children":107990},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107991,107992],{"id":106565,"depth":108,"text":102713},{"id":107499,"depth":108,"text":107358},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":107995},[107996,107998,108000,108001],{"id":107913,"depth":108,"text":107997},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107920,"depth":108,"text":107999},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107929,"depth":108,"text":107930},{"id":107936,"depth":108,"text":107937},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106487,"description":108003},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108010,"title":108011,"body":108012,"description":109248,"extension":2062,"meta":109249,"navigation":600,"path":109250,"seo":109251,"stem":109252,"__hash__":109253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108013,"toc":109215},[108014,108019,108025,108034,108036,108111,108116,108131,108141,108146,108150,108163,108167,108169,108184,108186,108202,108204,108279,108283,108286,108288,108305,108310,108365,108370,108382,108386,108389,108490,108492,108533,108536,108540,108547,108549,108574,108577,108595,108602,108608,108611,108693,108700,108703,108783,108792,108795,108800,108804,108818,108867,108872,108876,108887,108936,108947,108952,108956,108968,109017,109028,109030,109034,109057,109059,109116,109118,109132,109134,109140,109146,109152,109161,109165,109172,109176,109184,109186,109212],[10,108015,96122,108017,18],{"id":108016},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108018,12844],{},[20,108020,108021,108024],{},[15,108022,108023],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108026,108027,108028,108030,108031,108033],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[540,108029,931],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108032,12844],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[42,108035,2104],{"id":2103},[47,108037,108039],{"className":49,"code":108038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108040,108041,108073,108087,108091,108101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108042,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108044,7871],{"class":62},[56,108046,67],{"class":66},[56,108048,10579],{"class":70},[56,108050,181],{"class":180},[56,108052,562],{"class":184},[56,108054,181],{"class":180},[56,108056,78],{"class":70},[56,108058,191],{"class":180},[56,108060,571],{"class":184},[56,108062,181],{"class":180},[56,108064,78],{"class":70},[56,108066,191],{"class":180},[56,108068,580],{"class":184},[56,108070,181],{"class":180},[56,108072,9397],{"class":70},[56,108074,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108076,70008],{"class":62},[56,108078,67],{"class":66},[56,108080,6056],{"class":62},[56,108082,98],{"class":70},[56,108084,26323],{"class":101},[56,108086,105],{"class":70},[56,108088,108089],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108090,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108092,108093,108095,108097,108099],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,108094,112],{"class":111},[56,108096,115],{"class":70},[56,108098,70031],{"class":101},[56,108100,238],{"class":70},[56,108102,108103,108105,108107,108109],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,108104,112],{"class":111},[56,108106,115],{"class":70},[56,108108,7900],{"class":101},[56,108110,238],{"class":70},[20,108112,108113],{},[540,108114,108115],{},"What this does:",[143,108117,108118,108123,108128],{},[146,108119,108120,108121],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108122,7900],{},[146,108124,108125,108126],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108127,70031],{},[146,108129,108130],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108132,108133,88882,108135,108137,108138,108140],{},[540,108134,83740],{},[15,108136,108023],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[540,108139,931],{}," chosen by index.",[42,108142,133,108144,136],{"id":108143},"what-setpop-does",[15,108145,108023],{},[20,108147,108148,141],{},[15,108149,108023],{},[143,108151,108152,108154,108157,108160],{},[146,108153,102964],{},[146,108155,108156],{},"Returns the removed item",[146,108158,108159],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[146,108161,108162],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108164,96246,108165,98],{},[36,108166,96250],{"href":97421},[42,108168,289],{"id":288},[47,108170,108172],{"className":49,"code":108171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108173,108174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108175,108176,108178,108180,108182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108177,15746],{"class":62},[56,108179,98],{"class":70},[56,108181,26323],{"class":101},[56,108183,105],{"class":70},[20,108185,311],{},[143,108187,108188,108194,108199],{},[146,108189,108190,108191],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108192,108193],{},"my_set.pop()",[146,108195,108196,108197],{},"It takes ",[540,108198,28769],{},[146,108200,108201],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108203,163],{},[47,108205,108207],{"className":49,"code":108206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108208,108209,108241,108255,108259,108269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108210,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108212,334],{"class":62},[56,108214,67],{"class":66},[56,108216,10579],{"class":70},[56,108218,181],{"class":180},[56,108220,343],{"class":184},[56,108222,181],{"class":180},[56,108224,78],{"class":70},[56,108226,191],{"class":180},[56,108228,361],{"class":184},[56,108230,181],{"class":180},[56,108232,78],{"class":70},[56,108234,191],{"class":180},[56,108236,352],{"class":184},[56,108238,181],{"class":180},[56,108240,9397],{"class":70},[56,108242,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108244,28619],{"class":62},[56,108246,67],{"class":66},[56,108248,13201],{"class":62},[56,108250,98],{"class":70},[56,108252,26323],{"class":101},[56,108254,105],{"class":70},[56,108256,108257],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108258,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108260,108261,108263,108265,108267],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,108262,112],{"class":111},[56,108264,115],{"class":70},[56,108266,23391],{"class":101},[56,108268,238],{"class":70},[56,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,108272,112],{"class":111},[56,108274,115],{"class":70},[56,108276,370],{"class":101},[56,108278,238],{"class":70},[42,108280,108282],{"id":108281},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108284,108285],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108287,2205],{},[143,108289,108290,108296,108299],{},[146,108291,108292,108293,108295],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108294,12844],{}," removes",[146,108297,108298],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[146,108300,108301,108302,108304],{},"You should not use ",[15,108303,12844],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108306,10549,108307,108309],{},[540,108308,931],{}," valid:",[47,108311,108313],{"className":49,"code":108312,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108314,108315,108347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108316,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108318,553],{"class":62},[56,108320,67],{"class":66},[56,108322,10579],{"class":70},[56,108324,181],{"class":180},[56,108326,562],{"class":184},[56,108328,181],{"class":180},[56,108330,78],{"class":70},[56,108332,191],{"class":180},[56,108334,571],{"class":184},[56,108336,181],{"class":180},[56,108338,78],{"class":70},[56,108340,191],{"class":180},[56,108342,580],{"class":184},[56,108344,181],{"class":180},[56,108346,9397],{"class":70},[56,108348,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108350,589],{"class":62},[56,108352,98],{"class":70},[56,108354,26323],{"class":101},[56,108356,115],{"class":70},[56,108358,181],{"class":180},[56,108360,562],{"class":184},[56,108362,181],{"class":180},[56,108364,238],{"class":70},[20,108366,39733,108367,108369],{},[15,108368,108023],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108371,108372,108373,2976,108377,98],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[36,108374,108375],{"href":98131},[15,108376,102790],{},[36,108378,108380],{"href":108379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108381,102781],{},[42,108383,108385],{"id":108384},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108387,108388],{},"Here is a simple example:",[47,108390,108392],{"className":49,"code":108391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108393,108394,108428,108432,108448,108452,108471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108395,108396,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108424,108426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108397,108398],{"class":62},"animals ",[56,108400,67],{"class":66},[56,108402,10579],{"class":70},[56,108404,181],{"class":180},[56,108406,37126],{"class":184},[56,108408,181],{"class":180},[56,108410,78],{"class":70},[56,108412,191],{"class":180},[56,108414,58202],{"class":184},[56,108416,181],{"class":180},[56,108418,78],{"class":70},[56,108420,191],{"class":180},[56,108422,108423],{"class":184},"rabbit",[56,108425,181],{"class":180},[56,108427,9397],{"class":70},[56,108429,108430],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108431,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108433,108434,108437,108439,108442,108444,108446],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108435,108436],{"class":62},"removed_animal ",[56,108438,67],{"class":66},[56,108440,108441],{"class":62}," animals",[56,108443,98],{"class":70},[56,108445,26323],{"class":101},[56,108447,105],{"class":70},[56,108449,108450],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,108451,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108453,108454,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466,108469],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,108455,112],{"class":111},[56,108457,115],{"class":70},[56,108459,181],{"class":180},[56,108461,29037],{"class":184},[56,108463,181],{"class":180},[56,108465,78],{"class":70},[56,108467,108468],{"class":101}," removed_animal",[56,108470,238],{"class":70},[56,108472,108473,108475,108477,108479,108482,108484,108486,108488],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,108474,112],{"class":111},[56,108476,115],{"class":70},[56,108478,181],{"class":180},[56,108480,108481],{"class":184},"Updated set:",[56,108483,181],{"class":180},[56,108485,78],{"class":70},[56,108487,108441],{"class":101},[56,108489,238],{"class":70},[20,108491,30111],{},[47,108493,108495],{"className":49,"code":108494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108496,108497,108506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108498,108499,108501,108503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108500,29079],{"class":62},[56,108502,141],{"class":70},[56,108504,108505],{"class":62}," dog\n",[56,108507,108508,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108509,108510],{"class":62},"Updated ",[56,108512,6377],{"class":1545},[56,108514,141],{"class":70},[56,108516,10579],{"class":70},[56,108518,254],{"class":180},[56,108520,37126],{"class":184},[56,108522,254],{"class":180},[56,108524,78],{"class":70},[56,108526,263],{"class":180},[56,108528,108423],{"class":184},[56,108530,254],{"class":180},[56,108532,9397],{"class":70},[20,108534,108535],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[42,108537,108539],{"id":108538},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108541,29731,108542,108544,108545,98],{},[15,108543,12844],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108546,19767],{},[20,108548,163],{},[47,108550,108552],{"className":49,"code":108551,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108553,108554,108564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108555,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108557,7871],{"class":62},[56,108559,67],{"class":66},[56,108561,15713],{"class":1545},[56,108563,105],{"class":70},[56,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108567,7900],{"class":62},[56,108569,98],{"class":70},[56,108571,26323],{"class":101},[56,108573,105],{"class":70},[20,108575,108576],{},"This raises:",[47,108578,108580],{"className":49,"code":108579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108581,108582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108593],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108585,19767],{"class":1545},[56,108587,141],{"class":70},[56,108589,263],{"class":180},[56,108591,108592],{"class":184},"pop from an empty set",[56,108594,29781],{"class":180},[20,108596,108597,108598,108601],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[36,108599,108600],{"href":11162},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1030,108603,108605,108606],{"id":108604},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108607,12844],{},[20,108609,108610],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[47,108612,108614],{"className":49,"code":108613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108615,108616,108626,108630,108638,108653,108672,108678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108617,108618,108620,108622,108624],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108619,7871],{"class":62},[56,108621,67],{"class":66},[56,108623,15713],{"class":1545},[56,108625,105],{"class":70},[56,108627,108628],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108629,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108631,108632,108634,108636],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108633,7087],{"class":3965},[56,108635,6056],{"class":62},[56,108637,6484],{"class":70},[56,108639,108640,108643,108645,108647,108649,108651],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,108641,108642],{"class":62},"    removed ",[56,108644,67],{"class":66},[56,108646,6056],{"class":62},[56,108648,98],{"class":70},[56,108650,26323],{"class":101},[56,108652,105],{"class":70},[56,108654,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108670],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,108656,8160],{"class":111},[56,108658,115],{"class":70},[56,108660,181],{"class":180},[56,108662,29037],{"class":184},[56,108664,181],{"class":180},[56,108666,78],{"class":70},[56,108668,108669],{"class":101}," removed",[56,108671,238],{"class":70},[56,108673,108674,108676],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,108675,27516],{"class":3965},[56,108677,6484],{"class":70},[56,108679,108680,108682,108684,108686,108689,108691],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,108681,8160],{"class":111},[56,108683,115],{"class":70},[56,108685,181],{"class":180},[56,108687,108688],{"class":184},"The set is empty.",[56,108690,181],{"class":180},[56,108692,238],{"class":70},[1030,108694,650,108696,4480,108698],{"id":108695},"use-try-and-except",[15,108697,29885],{},[15,108699,29916],{},[20,108701,108702],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[47,108704,108706],{"className":49,"code":108705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108707,108708,108718,108722,108728,108742,108760,108768],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108709,108710,108712,108714,108716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108711,7871],{"class":62},[56,108713,67],{"class":66},[56,108715,15713],{"class":1545},[56,108717,105],{"class":70},[56,108719,108720],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108721,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,108723,108724,108726],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108725,29885],{"class":3965},[56,108727,6484],{"class":70},[56,108729,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,108731,108642],{"class":62},[56,108733,67],{"class":66},[56,108735,6056],{"class":62},[56,108737,98],{"class":70},[56,108739,26323],{"class":101},[56,108741,105],{"class":70},[56,108743,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,108745,8160],{"class":111},[56,108747,115],{"class":70},[56,108749,181],{"class":180},[56,108751,29037],{"class":184},[56,108753,181],{"class":180},[56,108755,78],{"class":70},[56,108757,108669],{"class":101},[56,108759,238],{"class":70},[56,108761,108762,108764,108766],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,108763,29916],{"class":3965},[56,108765,29919],{"class":1545},[56,108767,6484],{"class":70},[56,108769,108770,108772,108774,108776,108779,108781],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,108771,8160],{"class":111},[56,108773,115],{"class":70},[56,108775,181],{"class":180},[56,108777,108778],{"class":184},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[56,108780,181],{"class":180},[56,108782,238],{"class":70},[42,108784,1389,108786,1021,108788,1021,108790],{"id":108785},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108787,12844],{},[15,108789,55605],{},[15,108791,102776],{},[20,108793,108794],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1030,108796,650,108798],{"id":108797},"use-pop",[15,108799,12844],{},[20,108801,650,108802,10689],{},[15,108803,12844],{},[143,108805,108806,108812,108815],{},[146,108807,108808,108809],{},"You want to remove ",[540,108810,108811],{},"any one item",[146,108813,108814],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[146,108816,108817],{},"You want the removed item returned",[47,108819,108821],{"className":49,"code":108820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108822,108823,108843,108857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108824,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108826,63],{"class":62},[56,108828,67],{"class":66},[56,108830,10579],{"class":70},[56,108832,75],{"class":74},[56,108834,78],{"class":70},[56,108836,81],{"class":74},[56,108838,78],{"class":70},[56,108840,86],{"class":74},[56,108842,9397],{"class":70},[56,108844,108845,108847,108849,108851,108853,108855],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108846,2544],{"class":62},[56,108848,67],{"class":66},[56,108850,850],{"class":62},[56,108852,98],{"class":70},[56,108854,26323],{"class":101},[56,108856,105],{"class":70},[56,108858,108859,108861,108863,108865],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108860,112],{"class":111},[56,108862,115],{"class":70},[56,108864,2570],{"class":101},[56,108866,238],{"class":70},[1030,108868,650,108870],{"id":108869},"use-remove",[15,108871,55605],{},[20,108873,650,108874,10689],{},[15,108875,55605],{},[143,108877,108878,108884],{},[146,108879,108880,108881],{},"You want to delete a ",[540,108882,108883],{},"specific item",[146,108885,108886],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[47,108888,108890],{"className":49,"code":108889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108891,108892,108912,108926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108893,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108895,63],{"class":62},[56,108897,67],{"class":66},[56,108899,10579],{"class":70},[56,108901,75],{"class":74},[56,108903,78],{"class":70},[56,108905,81],{"class":74},[56,108907,78],{"class":70},[56,108909,86],{"class":74},[56,108911,9397],{"class":70},[56,108913,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922,108924],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108915,95],{"class":62},[56,108917,98],{"class":70},[56,108919,34874],{"class":101},[56,108921,115],{"class":70},[56,108923,1097],{"class":74},[56,108925,238],{"class":70},[56,108927,108928,108930,108932,108934],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,108929,112],{"class":111},[56,108931,115],{"class":70},[56,108933,95],{"class":101},[56,108935,238],{"class":70},[20,108937,108938,108939,108941,108942,108946],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108940,55605],{}," raises an error. See the ",[36,108943,108944,1384],{"href":98131},[15,108945,102790],{}," for details.",[1030,108948,650,108950],{"id":108949},"use-discard",[15,108951,102776],{},[20,108953,650,108954,10689],{},[15,108955,102776],{},[143,108957,108958,108962],{},[146,108959,108880,108960],{},[540,108961,108883],{},[146,108963,108964,108965,108967],{},"You do ",[540,108966,931],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[47,108969,108971],{"className":49,"code":108970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108972,108973,108993,109007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108974,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108976,63],{"class":62},[56,108978,67],{"class":66},[56,108980,10579],{"class":70},[56,108982,75],{"class":74},[56,108984,78],{"class":70},[56,108986,81],{"class":74},[56,108988,78],{"class":70},[56,108990,86],{"class":74},[56,108992,9397],{"class":70},[56,108994,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,108996,95],{"class":62},[56,108998,98],{"class":70},[56,109000,102843],{"class":101},[56,109002,115],{"class":70},[56,109004,2235],{"class":74},[56,109006,238],{"class":70},[56,109008,109009,109011,109013,109015],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109010,112],{"class":111},[56,109012,115],{"class":70},[56,109014,95],{"class":101},[56,109016,238],{"class":70},[20,109018,109019,109020,109022,109023,109027],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109021,2235],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[36,109024,109025,1384],{"href":108379},[15,109026,102781],{}," for more examples.",[42,109029,1418],{"id":1417},[20,109031,71554,109032,141],{},[15,109033,108023],{},[143,109035,109036,109042,109047,109052],{},[146,109037,109038,109039],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109040,109041],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[146,109043,1435,109044,109046],{},[15,109045,12844],{}," to remove the first or last item",[146,109048,29731,109049,109051],{},[15,109050,12844],{}," on an empty set",[146,109053,1441,109054,109056],{},[15,109055,12844],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109058,62370],{},[47,109060,109062],{"className":49,"code":109061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109063,109064,109074,109088,109102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109065,109066,109068,109070,109072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109067,112],{"class":111},[56,109069,115],{"class":70},[56,109071,15746],{"class":101},[56,109073,238],{"class":70},[56,109075,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109077,112],{"class":111},[56,109079,115],{"class":70},[56,109081,11250],{"class":111},[56,109083,115],{"class":70},[56,109085,15746],{"class":101},[56,109087,1553],{"class":70},[56,109089,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109091,112],{"class":111},[56,109093,115],{"class":70},[56,109095,1546],{"class":1545},[56,109097,115],{"class":70},[56,109099,15746],{"class":101},[56,109101,1553],{"class":70},[56,109103,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,109105,28619],{"class":62},[56,109107,67],{"class":66},[56,109109,96846],{"class":62},[56,109111,98],{"class":70},[56,109113,26323],{"class":101},[56,109115,105],{"class":70},[20,109117,26090],{},[143,109119,109120,109123,109126,109129],{},[146,109121,109122],{},"What values are in the set",[146,109124,109125],{},"Whether the set is empty",[146,109127,109128],{},"That the object is really a set",[146,109130,109131],{},"What value was actually removed",[42,109133,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,109135,1892,109137,109139],{"id":109136},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109138,108023],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109141,109142,109143,109145],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109144,12844],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1030,109147,109149,109150,1911],{"id":109148},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109151,108023],{},[20,109153,109154,109155,109157,109158,109160],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109156,12844],{},", set ",[15,109159,12844],{}," does not accept an index.",[1030,109162,109164],{"id":109163},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109166,71723,109167,44710,109169,109171],{},[15,109168,19767],{},[15,109170,12844],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1030,109173,109175],{"id":109174},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109177,650,109178,2976,109180,11180,109182,98],{},[15,109179,55605],{},[15,109181,102776],{},[15,109183,12844],{},[42,109185,1996],{"id":1995},[143,109187,109188,109192,109198,109204,109208],{},[146,109189,109190],{},[36,109191,96250],{"href":97421},[146,109193,109194],{},[36,109195,96736,109196,1384],{"href":98131},[15,109197,55605],{},[146,109199,109200],{},[36,109201,96736,109202,1384],{"href":108379},[15,109203,102776],{},[146,109205,109206],{},[36,109207,11351],{"href":11162},[146,109209,109210],{},[36,109211,55592],{"href":55145},[2028,109213,109214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":109216},[109217,109218,109220,109221,109222,109223,109229,109238,109239,109247],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":108143,"depth":92,"text":109219},"What set.pop() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":108281,"depth":92,"text":108282},{"id":108384,"depth":92,"text":108385},{"id":108538,"depth":92,"text":108539,"children":109224},[109225,109227],{"id":108604,"depth":108,"text":109226},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108695,"depth":108,"text":109228},"Use try and except",{"id":108785,"depth":92,"text":109230,"children":109231},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109232,109234,109236],{"id":108797,"depth":108,"text":109233},"Use pop()",{"id":108869,"depth":108,"text":109235},"Use remove()",{"id":108949,"depth":108,"text":109237},"Use discard()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":109240},[109241,109243,109245,109246],{"id":109136,"depth":108,"text":109242},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109148,"depth":108,"text":109244},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109163,"depth":108,"text":109164},{"id":109174,"depth":108,"text":109175},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108011,"description":109248},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109255,"title":109256,"body":109257,"description":110411,"extension":2062,"meta":110412,"navigation":600,"path":110413,"seo":110414,"stem":110415,"__hash__":110416},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109258,"toc":110379},[109259,109264,109269,109278,109280,109345,109349,109373,109380,109385,109389,109404,109407,109409,109428,109442,109445,109493,109497,109513,109515,109588,109592,109617,109623,109631,109635,109642,109697,109702,109719,109725,109731,109736,109744,109751,109755,109763,109818,109820,109837,109841,109848,109913,109917,109950,109952,109964,109971,109973,109978,109985,109987,110056,110060,110068,110070,110134,110138,110143,110190,110195,110263,110271,110278,110281,110287,110292,110296,110298,110301,110303,110308,110313,110319,110324,110331,110339,110345,110348,110350,110376],[10,109260,96122,109262,18],{"id":109261},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109263,55605],{},[20,109265,109266,109268],{},[15,109267,102790],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109270,109271,109272,109275,109276,98],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[540,109273,109274],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109277,19767],{},[42,109279,2104],{"id":2103},[47,109281,109283],{"className":49,"code":109282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109284,109285,109317,109335],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109286,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109288,334],{"class":62},[56,109290,67],{"class":66},[56,109292,10579],{"class":70},[56,109294,181],{"class":180},[56,109296,343],{"class":184},[56,109298,181],{"class":180},[56,109300,78],{"class":70},[56,109302,191],{"class":180},[56,109304,361],{"class":184},[56,109306,181],{"class":180},[56,109308,78],{"class":70},[56,109310,191],{"class":180},[56,109312,352],{"class":184},[56,109314,181],{"class":180},[56,109316,9397],{"class":70},[56,109318,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109320,370],{"class":62},[56,109322,98],{"class":70},[56,109324,34874],{"class":101},[56,109326,115],{"class":70},[56,109328,181],{"class":180},[56,109330,361],{"class":184},[56,109332,181],{"class":180},[56,109334,238],{"class":70},[56,109336,109337,109339,109341,109343],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109338,112],{"class":111},[56,109340,115],{"class":70},[56,109342,370],{"class":101},[56,109344,238],{"class":70},[20,109346,109347],{},[540,109348,30111],{},[47,109350,109351],{"className":49,"code":103470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109352,109353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109354,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109356,9366],{"class":70},[56,109358,254],{"class":180},[56,109360,343],{"class":184},[56,109362,254],{"class":180},[56,109364,78],{"class":70},[56,109366,263],{"class":180},[56,109368,352],{"class":184},[56,109370,254],{"class":180},[56,109372,9397],{"class":70},[20,109374,650,109375,109377,109378,98],{},[15,109376,55605],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109379,19767],{},[42,109381,133,109383,136],{"id":109382},"what-setremove-does",[15,109384,102790],{},[20,109386,109387,141],{},[15,109388,102790],{},[143,109390,109391,109394,109396,109398],{},[146,109392,109393],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[146,109395,96237],{},[146,109397,96240],{},[146,109399,109400,109401,109403],{},"Raises ",[15,109402,19767],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109405,109406],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[42,109408,289],{"id":288},[47,109410,109412],{"className":49,"code":109411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109413,109414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109415,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109417,15746],{"class":62},[56,109419,98],{"class":70},[56,109421,34874],{"class":101},[56,109423,115],{"class":70},[56,109425,2570],{"class":101},[56,109427,238],{"class":70},[143,109429,109430,109434,109439],{},[146,109431,109432,103012],{},[15,109433,15746],{},[146,109435,109436,109438],{},[15,109437,2570],{}," is the item to remove",[146,109440,109441],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109443,109444],{},"Here is a small example:",[47,109446,109447],{"className":49,"code":108889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109448,109449,109469,109483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109450,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109452,63],{"class":62},[56,109454,67],{"class":66},[56,109456,10579],{"class":70},[56,109458,75],{"class":74},[56,109460,78],{"class":70},[56,109462,81],{"class":74},[56,109464,78],{"class":70},[56,109466,86],{"class":74},[56,109468,9397],{"class":70},[56,109470,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109472,95],{"class":62},[56,109474,98],{"class":70},[56,109476,34874],{"class":101},[56,109478,115],{"class":70},[56,109480,1097],{"class":74},[56,109482,238],{"class":70},[56,109484,109485,109487,109489,109491],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109486,112],{"class":111},[56,109488,115],{"class":70},[56,109490,95],{"class":101},[56,109492,238],{"class":70},[20,109494,109495],{},[540,109496,30111],{},[47,109498,109499],{"className":49,"code":101220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,109500,109501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109502,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109504,9366],{"class":70},[56,109506,75],{"class":74},[56,109508,78],{"class":70},[56,109510,86],{"class":74},[56,109512,9397],{"class":70},[42,109514,425],{"id":424},[47,109516,109518],{"className":49,"code":109517,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109519,109520,109552,109556,109574,109578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109523,553],{"class":62},[56,109525,67],{"class":66},[56,109527,10579],{"class":70},[56,109529,181],{"class":180},[56,109531,562],{"class":184},[56,109533,181],{"class":180},[56,109535,78],{"class":70},[56,109537,191],{"class":180},[56,109539,571],{"class":184},[56,109541,181],{"class":180},[56,109543,78],{"class":70},[56,109545,191],{"class":180},[56,109547,33304],{"class":184},[56,109549,181],{"class":180},[56,109551,9397],{"class":70},[56,109553,109554],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109555,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,109557,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109559,589],{"class":62},[56,109561,98],{"class":70},[56,109563,34874],{"class":101},[56,109565,115],{"class":70},[56,109567,181],{"class":180},[56,109569,571],{"class":184},[56,109571,181],{"class":180},[56,109573,238],{"class":70},[56,109575,109576],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,109577,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,109581,112],{"class":111},[56,109583,115],{"class":70},[56,109585,589],{"class":101},[56,109587,238],{"class":70},[20,109589,109590],{},[540,109591,30111],{},[47,109593,109595],{"className":49,"code":109594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109596,109597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109598,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109600,9366],{"class":70},[56,109602,254],{"class":180},[56,109604,562],{"class":184},[56,109606,254],{"class":180},[56,109608,78],{"class":70},[56,109610,263],{"class":180},[56,109612,33304],{"class":184},[56,109614,254],{"class":180},[56,109616,9397],{"class":70},[20,109618,109619,109620,109622],{},"This removes ",[15,109621,65348],{}," from the set.",[20,109624,109625,109626,109628,109629,98],{},"A set does ",[540,109627,931],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[36,109630,96254],{"href":97805},[42,109632,109634],{"id":109633},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109636,109637,109638,52576,109640,98],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109639,55605],{},[15,109641,19767],{},[47,109643,109645],{"className":49,"code":109644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109646,109647,109679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109650,334],{"class":62},[56,109652,67],{"class":66},[56,109654,10579],{"class":70},[56,109656,181],{"class":180},[56,109658,343],{"class":184},[56,109660,181],{"class":180},[56,109662,78],{"class":70},[56,109664,191],{"class":180},[56,109666,361],{"class":184},[56,109668,181],{"class":180},[56,109670,78],{"class":70},[56,109672,191],{"class":180},[56,109674,352],{"class":184},[56,109676,181],{"class":180},[56,109678,9397],{"class":70},[56,109680,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109682,370],{"class":62},[56,109684,98],{"class":70},[56,109686,34874],{"class":101},[56,109688,115],{"class":70},[56,109690,181],{"class":180},[56,109692,22605],{"class":184},[56,109694,181],{"class":180},[56,109696,238],{"class":70},[20,109698,109699],{},[540,109700,109701],{},"Result:",[47,109703,109705],{"className":49,"code":109704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109706,109707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109708,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109710,19767],{"class":1545},[56,109712,141],{"class":70},[56,109714,263],{"class":180},[56,109716,22605],{"class":184},[56,109718,29781],{"class":180},[20,109720,22270,109721,109724],{},[15,109722,109723],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109726,109727,109728,109730],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109729,55605],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109732,109733,109734,98],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[36,109735,11351],{"href":11162},[42,109737,4285,109739,109741,109742],{"id":109738},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109740,55605],{}," is different from ",[15,109743,102776],{},[20,109745,109746,4480,109748,109750],{},[15,109747,55605],{},[15,109749,102776],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1030,109752,109753],{"id":34874},[15,109754,55605],{},[143,109756,109757,109760],{},[146,109758,109759],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[146,109761,109762],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[47,109764,109766],{"className":49,"code":109765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109767,109768,109800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109769,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109771,173],{"class":62},[56,109773,67],{"class":66},[56,109775,10579],{"class":70},[56,109777,181],{"class":180},[56,109779,36],{"class":184},[56,109781,181],{"class":180},[56,109783,78],{"class":70},[56,109785,191],{"class":180},[56,109787,194],{"class":184},[56,109789,181],{"class":180},[56,109791,78],{"class":70},[56,109793,191],{"class":180},[56,109795,203],{"class":184},[56,109797,181],{"class":180},[56,109799,9397],{"class":70},[56,109801,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109803,221],{"class":62},[56,109805,98],{"class":70},[56,109807,34874],{"class":101},[56,109809,115],{"class":70},[56,109811,181],{"class":180},[56,109813,212],{"class":184},[56,109815,181],{"class":180},[56,109817,238],{"class":70},[20,109819,108576],{},[47,109821,109823],{"className":49,"code":109822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109824,109825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109826,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109828,19767],{"class":1545},[56,109830,141],{"class":70},[56,109832,263],{"class":180},[56,109834,212],{"class":184},[56,109836,29781],{"class":180},[1030,109838,109839],{"id":102843},[15,109840,102776],{},[143,109842,109843,109845],{},[146,109844,109759],{},[146,109846,109847],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[47,109849,109851],{"className":49,"code":109850,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109852,109853,109885,109903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109854,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109856,173],{"class":62},[56,109858,67],{"class":66},[56,109860,10579],{"class":70},[56,109862,181],{"class":180},[56,109864,36],{"class":184},[56,109866,181],{"class":180},[56,109868,78],{"class":70},[56,109870,191],{"class":180},[56,109872,194],{"class":184},[56,109874,181],{"class":180},[56,109876,78],{"class":70},[56,109878,191],{"class":180},[56,109880,203],{"class":184},[56,109882,181],{"class":180},[56,109884,9397],{"class":70},[56,109886,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,109888,221],{"class":62},[56,109890,98],{"class":70},[56,109892,102843],{"class":101},[56,109894,115],{"class":70},[56,109896,181],{"class":180},[56,109898,212],{"class":184},[56,109900,181],{"class":180},[56,109902,238],{"class":70},[56,109904,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,109906,112],{"class":111},[56,109908,115],{"class":70},[56,109910,221],{"class":101},[56,109912,238],{"class":70},[20,109914,109915],{},[540,109916,241],{},[47,109918,109920],{"className":49,"code":109919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109921,109922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109923,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109925,9366],{"class":70},[56,109927,254],{"class":180},[56,109929,36],{"class":184},[56,109931,254],{"class":180},[56,109933,78],{"class":70},[56,109935,263],{"class":180},[56,109937,194],{"class":184},[56,109939,254],{"class":180},[56,109941,78],{"class":70},[56,109943,263],{"class":180},[56,109945,203],{"class":184},[56,109947,254],{"class":180},[56,109949,9397],{"class":70},[20,109951,18775],{},[143,109953,109954,109959],{},[146,109955,109956,109958],{},[15,109957,55605],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[146,109960,109961,109963],{},[15,109962,102776],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109965,109966,109967,98],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[36,109968,96736,109969,1384],{"href":108379},[15,109970,102776],{},[42,109972,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,109974,1435,109976,97116],{"id":109975},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109977,55605],{},[20,109979,109980,109982,109983,98],{},[15,109981,55605],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109984,157],{},[20,109986,16724],{},[47,109988,109990],{"className":49,"code":109989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109991,109992,110024,110046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109993,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109995,334],{"class":62},[56,109997,67],{"class":66},[56,109999,10579],{"class":70},[56,110001,181],{"class":180},[56,110003,343],{"class":184},[56,110005,181],{"class":180},[56,110007,78],{"class":70},[56,110009,191],{"class":180},[56,110011,361],{"class":184},[56,110013,181],{"class":180},[56,110015,78],{"class":70},[56,110017,191],{"class":180},[56,110019,352],{"class":184},[56,110021,181],{"class":180},[56,110023,9397],{"class":70},[56,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110027,13196],{"class":62},[56,110029,67],{"class":66},[56,110031,13201],{"class":62},[56,110033,98],{"class":70},[56,110035,34874],{"class":101},[56,110037,115],{"class":70},[56,110039,181],{"class":180},[56,110041,361],{"class":184},[56,110043,181],{"class":180},[56,110045,238],{"class":70},[56,110047,110048,110050,110052,110054],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110049,112],{"class":111},[56,110051,115],{"class":70},[56,110053,13220],{"class":101},[56,110055,238],{"class":70},[20,110057,110058],{},[540,110059,241],{},[47,110061,110062],{"className":49,"code":894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,110063,110064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110065,110066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110067,894],{"class":893},[20,110069,16736],{},[47,110071,110072],{"className":49,"code":109282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,110073,110074,110106,110124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110075,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110077,334],{"class":62},[56,110079,67],{"class":66},[56,110081,10579],{"class":70},[56,110083,181],{"class":180},[56,110085,343],{"class":184},[56,110087,181],{"class":180},[56,110089,78],{"class":70},[56,110091,191],{"class":180},[56,110093,361],{"class":184},[56,110095,181],{"class":180},[56,110097,78],{"class":70},[56,110099,191],{"class":180},[56,110101,352],{"class":184},[56,110103,181],{"class":180},[56,110105,9397],{"class":70},[56,110107,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110109,370],{"class":62},[56,110111,98],{"class":70},[56,110113,34874],{"class":101},[56,110115,115],{"class":70},[56,110117,181],{"class":180},[56,110119,361],{"class":184},[56,110121,181],{"class":180},[56,110123,238],{"class":70},[56,110125,110126,110128,110130,110132],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110127,112],{"class":111},[56,110129,115],{"class":70},[56,110131,370],{"class":101},[56,110133,238],{"class":70},[1030,110135,110137],{"id":110136},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110139,110140,110141,98],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110142,19767],{},[47,110144,110146],{"className":49,"code":110145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110147,110148,110172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110151,334],{"class":62},[56,110153,67],{"class":66},[56,110155,10579],{"class":70},[56,110157,181],{"class":180},[56,110159,343],{"class":184},[56,110161,181],{"class":180},[56,110163,78],{"class":70},[56,110165,191],{"class":180},[56,110167,361],{"class":184},[56,110169,181],{"class":180},[56,110171,9397],{"class":70},[56,110173,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110175,370],{"class":62},[56,110177,98],{"class":70},[56,110179,34874],{"class":101},[56,110181,115],{"class":70},[56,110183,181],{"class":180},[56,110185,352],{"class":184},[56,110187,181],{"class":180},[56,110189,238],{"class":70},[20,110191,110192,110193,141],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110194,3972],{},[47,110196,110198],{"className":49,"code":110197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110199,110200,110224,110228,110244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110203,334],{"class":62},[56,110205,67],{"class":66},[56,110207,10579],{"class":70},[56,110209,181],{"class":180},[56,110211,343],{"class":184},[56,110213,181],{"class":180},[56,110215,78],{"class":70},[56,110217,191],{"class":180},[56,110219,361],{"class":184},[56,110221,181],{"class":180},[56,110223,9397],{"class":70},[56,110225,110226],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110227,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110231,7087],{"class":3965},[56,110233,191],{"class":180},[56,110235,352],{"class":184},[56,110237,181],{"class":180},[56,110239,21254],{"class":66},[56,110241,13201],{"class":62},[56,110243,6484],{"class":70},[56,110245,110246,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,110247,110248],{"class":62},"    colors",[56,110250,98],{"class":70},[56,110252,34874],{"class":101},[56,110254,115],{"class":70},[56,110256,181],{"class":180},[56,110258,352],{"class":184},[56,110260,181],{"class":180},[56,110262,238],{"class":70},[20,110264,110265,110266,110270],{},"Or use ",[36,110267,110268],{"href":108379},[15,110269,102776],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1030,110272,1447,110274,1450,110276],{"id":110273},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110275,102790],{},[15,110277,55153],{},[20,110279,110280],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110282,110283,110284,110286],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110285,102790],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110288,110289,110290,98],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[36,110291,99000],{"href":98999},[1030,110293,110295],{"id":110294},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110297,108285],{},[20,110299,110300],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[42,110302,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,110304,1892,110306,97215],{"id":110305},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110307,102790],{},[20,110309,110310,110311,98],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110312,157],{},[1030,110314,30369,110316,110318],{"id":110315},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110317,102790],{}," raise?",[20,110320,30375,110321,110323],{},[15,110322,19767],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1030,110325,21501,110327,2976,110329,1911],{"id":110326},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110328,55605],{},[15,110330,102776],{},[20,110332,650,110333,110335,110336,110338],{},[15,110334,55605],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110337,102776],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1030,110340,5258,110342,110344],{"id":110341},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110343,102790],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110346,110347],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[42,110349,1996],{"id":1995},[143,110351,110352,110358,110364,110368,110372],{},[146,110353,110354],{},[36,110355,96736,110356,1384],{"href":108379},[15,110357,102776],{},[146,110359,110360],{},[36,110361,96736,110362,1384],{"href":98136},[15,110363,12844],{},[146,110365,110366],{},[36,110367,97260],{"href":97805},[146,110369,110370],{},[36,110371,100266],{"href":98999},[146,110373,110374],{},[36,110375,11351],{"href":11162},[2028,110377,110378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":110380},[110381,110382,110384,110385,110386,110387,110392,110400,110410],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":109382,"depth":92,"text":110383},"What set.remove() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":109633,"depth":92,"text":109634},{"id":109738,"depth":92,"text":110388,"children":110389},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110390,110391],{"id":34874,"depth":108,"text":55605},{"id":102843,"depth":108,"text":102776},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":110393},[110394,110396,110397,110399],{"id":109975,"depth":108,"text":110395},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110136,"depth":108,"text":110137},{"id":110273,"depth":108,"text":110398},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110294,"depth":108,"text":110295},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":110401},[110402,110404,110406,110408],{"id":110305,"depth":108,"text":110403},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110315,"depth":108,"text":110405},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110326,"depth":108,"text":110407},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110341,"depth":108,"text":110409},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109256,"description":110411},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110418,"title":110419,"body":110420,"description":111793,"extension":2062,"meta":111794,"navigation":600,"path":111795,"seo":111796,"stem":111797,"__hash__":111798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110421,"toc":111768},[110422,110428,110434,110437,110440,110454,110456,110537,110540,110545,110549,110563,110570,110572,110591,110594,110612,110614,110694,110696,110721,110725,110728,110736,110741,110746,110748,110761,110766,110769,110793,110796,110804,110806,110809,110906,110908,110941,110943,110969,110976,110979,110983,110991,110995,111003,111005,111095,111097,111111,111118,111123,111128,111130,111221,111223,111235,111237,111251,111257,111265,111267,111349,111351,111396,111399,111407,111410,111412,111416,111459,111461,111481,111486,111488,111573,111575,111580,111582,111589,111597,111603,111606,111608,111694,111696,111720,111724,111727,111729,111756,111766],[10,110423,96122,110425,18],{"id":110424},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110426,110427],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110429,110430,110433],{},[15,110431,110432],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110435,110436],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110438,110439],{},"Use it when:",[143,110441,110442,110445,110451],{},[146,110443,110444],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[146,110446,110447,110448,110450],{},"you do ",[540,110449,931],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[146,110452,110453],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[42,110455,45],{"id":44},[47,110457,110459],{"className":49,"code":110458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110460,110461,110481,110501,110505,110524],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110462,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110464,2652],{"class":62},[56,110466,67],{"class":66},[56,110468,10579],{"class":70},[56,110470,75],{"class":74},[56,110472,78],{"class":70},[56,110474,81],{"class":74},[56,110476,78],{"class":70},[56,110478,86],{"class":74},[56,110480,9397],{"class":70},[56,110482,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110484,2680],{"class":62},[56,110486,67],{"class":66},[56,110488,10579],{"class":70},[56,110490,901],{"class":74},[56,110492,78],{"class":70},[56,110494,2554],{"class":74},[56,110496,78],{"class":70},[56,110498,4693],{"class":74},[56,110500,9397],{"class":70},[56,110502,110503],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110504,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,110506,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110518,110520,110522],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,110508,1156],{"class":62},[56,110510,67],{"class":66},[56,110512,56962],{"class":62},[56,110514,98],{"class":70},[56,110516,110517],{"class":101},"symmetric_difference",[56,110519,115],{"class":70},[56,110521,194],{"class":101},[56,110523,238],{"class":70},[56,110525,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,110527,112],{"class":111},[56,110529,115],{"class":70},[56,110531,1190],{"class":101},[56,110533,120],{"class":70},[56,110535,110536],{"class":123},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110538,110539],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[42,110541,133,110543,136],{"id":110542},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110544,110427],{},[20,110546,110547,141],{},[15,110548,110432],{},[143,110550,110551,110554,110557,110560],{},[146,110552,110553],{},"returns a new set",[146,110555,110556],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[146,110558,110559],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[146,110561,110562],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110564,96246,110565,2976,110567,98],{},[36,110566,96250],{"href":96249},[36,110568,110569],{"href":96253},"creating a set in Python",[42,110571,289],{"id":288},[47,110573,110575],{"className":49,"code":110574,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110576,110577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110578,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110580,100507],{"class":62},[56,110582,98],{"class":70},[56,110584,110517],{"class":101},[56,110586,115],{"class":70},[56,110588,100516],{"class":101},[56,110590,238],{"class":70},[20,110592,110593],{},"Notes:",[143,110595,110596,110601,110606,110609],{},[146,110597,110598,110600],{},[15,110599,100507],{}," must be a set",[146,110602,110603,110605],{},[15,110604,100516],{}," can be any iterable",[146,110607,110608],{},"the result is always a set",[146,110610,110611],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110613,163],{},[47,110615,110617],{"className":49,"code":110616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110618,110619,110640,110661,110665,110684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110620,110621,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110622,110623],{"class":62},"set1 ",[56,110625,67],{"class":66},[56,110627,10579],{"class":70},[56,110629,75],{"class":74},[56,110631,78],{"class":70},[56,110633,81],{"class":74},[56,110635,78],{"class":70},[56,110637,86],{"class":74},[56,110639,9397],{"class":70},[56,110641,110642,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110643,110644],{"class":62},"set2 ",[56,110646,67],{"class":66},[56,110648,10579],{"class":70},[56,110650,901],{"class":74},[56,110652,78],{"class":70},[56,110654,2554],{"class":74},[56,110656,78],{"class":70},[56,110658,4693],{"class":74},[56,110660,9397],{"class":70},[56,110662,110663],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110664,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,110666,110667,110669,110671,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,110668,1156],{"class":62},[56,110670,67],{"class":66},[56,110672,110673],{"class":62}," set1",[56,110675,98],{"class":70},[56,110677,110517],{"class":101},[56,110679,115],{"class":70},[56,110681,100516],{"class":101},[56,110683,238],{"class":70},[56,110685,110686,110688,110690,110692],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,110687,112],{"class":111},[56,110689,115],{"class":70},[56,110691,1190],{"class":101},[56,110693,238],{"class":70},[20,110695,241],{},[47,110697,110699],{"className":49,"code":110698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110700,110701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110702,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110704,9366],{"class":70},[56,110706,75],{"class":74},[56,110708,78],{"class":70},[56,110710,81],{"class":74},[56,110712,78],{"class":70},[56,110714,2554],{"class":74},[56,110716,78],{"class":70},[56,110718,4693],{"class":74},[56,110720,9397],{"class":70},[42,110722,110724],{"id":110723},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110726,110727],{},"The result includes:",[143,110729,110730,110733],{},[146,110731,110732],{},"items only in the first set",[146,110734,110735],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110737,110738,110739,11171],{},"The result does ",[540,110740,931],{},[143,110742,110743],{},[146,110744,110745],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110747,5562],{},[143,110749,110750,110755],{},[146,110751,110752,110753],{},"first set: ",[15,110754,100204],{},[146,110756,110757,110758],{},"second set: ",[15,110759,110760],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110762,4138,110763,110765],{},[15,110764,901],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110767,110768],{},"The output is:",[47,110770,110771],{"className":49,"code":110698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,110772,110773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110774,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110776,9366],{"class":70},[56,110778,75],{"class":74},[56,110780,78],{"class":70},[56,110782,81],{"class":74},[56,110784,78],{"class":70},[56,110786,2554],{"class":74},[56,110788,78],{"class":70},[56,110790,4693],{"class":74},[56,110792,9397],{"class":70},[20,110794,110795],{},"Also remember:",[143,110797,110798,110801],{},[146,110799,110800],{},"sets are unordered",[146,110802,110803],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[42,110805,425],{"id":424},[20,110807,110808],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[47,110810,110812],{"className":49,"code":110811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110813,110814,110846,110870,110874,110892,110896],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110815,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110817,106947],{"class":62},[56,110819,67],{"class":66},[56,110821,10579],{"class":70},[56,110823,181],{"class":180},[56,110825,343],{"class":184},[56,110827,181],{"class":180},[56,110829,78],{"class":70},[56,110831,191],{"class":180},[56,110833,361],{"class":184},[56,110835,181],{"class":180},[56,110837,78],{"class":70},[56,110839,191],{"class":180},[56,110841,352],{"class":184},[56,110843,181],{"class":180},[56,110845,9397],{"class":70},[56,110847,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,110849,106980],{"class":62},[56,110851,67],{"class":66},[56,110853,10579],{"class":70},[56,110855,181],{"class":180},[56,110857,352],{"class":184},[56,110859,181],{"class":180},[56,110861,78],{"class":70},[56,110863,191],{"class":180},[56,110865,22605],{"class":184},[56,110867,181],{"class":180},[56,110869,9397],{"class":70},[56,110871,110872],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,110873,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,110875,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,110877,1156],{"class":62},[56,110879,67],{"class":66},[56,110881,107022],{"class":62},[56,110883,98],{"class":70},[56,110885,110517],{"class":101},[56,110887,115],{"class":70},[56,110889,107031],{"class":101},[56,110891,238],{"class":70},[56,110893,110894],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,110895,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,110897,110898,110900,110902,110904],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,110899,112],{"class":111},[56,110901,115],{"class":70},[56,110903,1190],{"class":101},[56,110905,238],{"class":70},[20,110907,241],{},[47,110909,110911],{"className":49,"code":110910,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110912,110913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110914,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110916,9366],{"class":70},[56,110918,254],{"class":180},[56,110920,343],{"class":184},[56,110922,254],{"class":180},[56,110924,78],{"class":70},[56,110926,263],{"class":180},[56,110928,361],{"class":184},[56,110930,254],{"class":180},[56,110932,78],{"class":70},[56,110934,263],{"class":180},[56,110936,22605],{"class":184},[56,110938,254],{"class":180},[56,110940,9397],{"class":70},[20,110942,13487],{},[143,110944,110945,110950,110961],{},[146,110946,110947,110949],{},[15,110948,96415],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[146,110951,110952,4480,110954,110957,110958,110960],{},[15,110953,65466],{},[15,110955,110956],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110959,107084],{},", so they stay",[146,110962,110963,110965,110966,110968],{},[15,110964,109723],{}," is only in ",[15,110967,107031],{},", so it stays",[42,110970,110972,1021,110974],{"id":110971},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110973,110427],{},[15,110975,100336],{},[20,110977,110978],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110980,110981,141],{},[15,110982,100336],{},[143,110984,110985,110988],{},[146,110986,110987],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[146,110989,110990],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110992,110993,141],{},[15,110994,110427],{},[143,110996,110997,111000],{},[146,110998,110999],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[146,111001,111002],{},"removes shared items",[20,111004,163],{},[47,111006,111008],{"className":49,"code":111007,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111009,111010,111030,111050,111054,111075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111011,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111013,2652],{"class":62},[56,111015,67],{"class":66},[56,111017,10579],{"class":70},[56,111019,75],{"class":74},[56,111021,78],{"class":70},[56,111023,81],{"class":74},[56,111025,78],{"class":70},[56,111027,86],{"class":74},[56,111029,9397],{"class":70},[56,111031,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111033,2680],{"class":62},[56,111035,67],{"class":66},[56,111037,10579],{"class":70},[56,111039,901],{"class":74},[56,111041,78],{"class":70},[56,111043,2554],{"class":74},[56,111045,78],{"class":70},[56,111047,4693],{"class":74},[56,111049,9397],{"class":70},[56,111051,111052],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111053,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,111055,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111057,112],{"class":111},[56,111059,115],{"class":70},[56,111061,36],{"class":101},[56,111063,98],{"class":70},[56,111065,2910],{"class":101},[56,111067,115],{"class":70},[56,111069,194],{"class":101},[56,111071,5451],{"class":70},[56,111073,111074],{"class":123},"            # {1, 2}\n",[56,111076,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111078,112],{"class":111},[56,111080,115],{"class":70},[56,111082,36],{"class":101},[56,111084,98],{"class":70},[56,111086,110517],{"class":101},[56,111088,115],{"class":70},[56,111090,194],{"class":101},[56,111092,5451],{"class":70},[56,111094,110536],{"class":123},[20,111096,18775],{},[143,111098,111099,111106],{},[146,111100,111101,111105],{},[36,111102,111103],{"href":102762},[15,111104,100336],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[146,111107,111108,111110],{},[15,111109,110427],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[42,111112,111114,1021,111116],{"id":111113},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111115,110427],{},[15,111117,102721],{},[20,111119,111120,111122],{},[15,111121,102721],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111124,111125,111127],{},[15,111126,110427],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111129,163],{},[47,111131,111133],{"className":49,"code":111132,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111134,111135,111155,111175,111179,111201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111136,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111138,2652],{"class":62},[56,111140,67],{"class":66},[56,111142,10579],{"class":70},[56,111144,75],{"class":74},[56,111146,78],{"class":70},[56,111148,81],{"class":74},[56,111150,78],{"class":70},[56,111152,86],{"class":74},[56,111154,9397],{"class":70},[56,111156,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111158,2680],{"class":62},[56,111160,67],{"class":66},[56,111162,10579],{"class":70},[56,111164,901],{"class":74},[56,111166,78],{"class":70},[56,111168,2554],{"class":74},[56,111170,78],{"class":70},[56,111172,4693],{"class":74},[56,111174,9397],{"class":70},[56,111176,111177],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111178,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,111180,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111192,111194,111196,111198],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111182,112],{"class":111},[56,111184,115],{"class":70},[56,111186,36],{"class":101},[56,111188,98],{"class":70},[56,111190,111191],{"class":101},"union",[56,111193,115],{"class":70},[56,111195,194],{"class":101},[56,111197,5451],{"class":70},[56,111199,111200],{"class":123},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[56,111202,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111204,112],{"class":111},[56,111206,115],{"class":70},[56,111208,36],{"class":101},[56,111210,98],{"class":70},[56,111212,110517],{"class":101},[56,111214,115],{"class":70},[56,111216,194],{"class":101},[56,111218,5451],{"class":70},[56,111220,110536],{"class":123},[20,111222,27303],{},[143,111224,111225,111230],{},[146,111226,111227,111229],{},[15,111228,102721],{}," includes everything",[146,111231,111232,111234],{},[15,111233,110427],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111236,18775],{},[143,111238,111239,111246],{},[146,111240,111241,111245],{},[36,111242,111243],{"href":107652},[15,111244,102721],{}," when overlap does not matter",[146,111247,111248,111250],{},[15,111249,110427],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[42,111252,36691,111254,101520],{"id":111253},"using-the-operator",[15,111255,111256],{},"^",[20,111258,111259,111260,111262,111263,98],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111261,111256],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111264,110427],{},[20,111266,163],{},[47,111268,111270],{"className":49,"code":111269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111271,111272,111292,111312,111316,111334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111273,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111275,110623],{"class":62},[56,111277,67],{"class":66},[56,111279,10579],{"class":70},[56,111281,75],{"class":74},[56,111283,78],{"class":70},[56,111285,81],{"class":74},[56,111287,78],{"class":70},[56,111289,86],{"class":74},[56,111291,9397],{"class":70},[56,111293,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111295,110644],{"class":62},[56,111297,67],{"class":66},[56,111299,10579],{"class":70},[56,111301,901],{"class":74},[56,111303,78],{"class":70},[56,111305,2554],{"class":74},[56,111307,78],{"class":70},[56,111309,4693],{"class":74},[56,111311,9397],{"class":70},[56,111313,111314],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111315,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,111317,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111319,112],{"class":111},[56,111321,115],{"class":70},[56,111323,100507],{"class":101},[56,111325,98],{"class":70},[56,111327,110517],{"class":101},[56,111329,115],{"class":70},[56,111331,100516],{"class":101},[56,111333,1553],{"class":70},[56,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111347],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111337,112],{"class":111},[56,111339,115],{"class":70},[56,111341,110623],{"class":101},[56,111343,111256],{"class":66},[56,111345,111346],{"class":101}," set2",[56,111348,238],{"class":70},[20,111350,30111],{},[47,111352,111354],{"className":49,"code":111353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111355,111356,111376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111359,9366],{"class":70},[56,111361,75],{"class":74},[56,111363,78],{"class":70},[56,111365,81],{"class":74},[56,111367,78],{"class":70},[56,111369,2554],{"class":74},[56,111371,78],{"class":70},[56,111373,4693],{"class":74},[56,111375,9397],{"class":70},[56,111377,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111379,9366],{"class":70},[56,111381,75],{"class":74},[56,111383,78],{"class":70},[56,111385,81],{"class":74},[56,111387,78],{"class":70},[56,111389,2554],{"class":74},[56,111391,78],{"class":70},[56,111393,4693],{"class":74},[56,111395,9397],{"class":70},[20,111397,111398],{},"Both forms:",[143,111400,111401,111404],{},[146,111402,111403],{},"return a new set",[146,111405,111406],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111408,111409],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[42,111411,4606],{"id":4605},[20,111413,21292,111414,141],{},[15,111415,110427],{},[143,111417,111418,111426,111436,111451],{},[146,111419,111420,111423,111425],{},[540,111421,111422],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9934,111424],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[146,111427,111428,111431,111433,111435],{},[540,111429,111430],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9934,111432],{},[15,111434,110427],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[146,111437,111438,111443,111445,111447,111448,111450],{},[540,111439,111440,111441],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111442,100336],{},[9934,111444],{},[15,111446,100336],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111449,110427],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[146,111452,111453,111456,111458],{},[540,111454,111455],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9934,111457],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111460,58937],{},[143,111462,111463,111472,111475,111478],{},[146,111464,50573,111465,44710,111467,111471],{},[15,111466,110427],{},[36,111468,111469],{"href":107652},[15,111470,102721],{}," is actually needed",[146,111473,111474],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[146,111476,111477],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[146,111479,111480],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111482,111483,111484,98],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[36,111485,99000],{"href":105265},[20,111487,62370],{},[47,111489,111491],{"className":49,"code":111490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111492,111493,111503,111513,111531,111545,111559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111494,111495,111497,111499,111501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111496,112],{"class":111},[56,111498,115],{"class":70},[56,111500,100507],{"class":101},[56,111502,238],{"class":70},[56,111504,111505,111507,111509,111511],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111506,112],{"class":111},[56,111508,115],{"class":70},[56,111510,100516],{"class":101},[56,111512,238],{"class":70},[56,111514,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111516,112],{"class":111},[56,111518,115],{"class":70},[56,111520,100507],{"class":101},[56,111522,98],{"class":70},[56,111524,110517],{"class":101},[56,111526,115],{"class":70},[56,111528,100516],{"class":101},[56,111530,1553],{"class":70},[56,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111534,112],{"class":111},[56,111536,115],{"class":70},[56,111538,110623],{"class":101},[56,111540,111256],{"class":66},[56,111542,111346],{"class":101},[56,111544,238],{"class":70},[56,111546,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111548,112],{"class":111},[56,111550,115],{"class":70},[56,111552,1546],{"class":1545},[56,111554,115],{"class":70},[56,111556,100507],{"class":101},[56,111558,1553],{"class":70},[56,111560,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,111562,112],{"class":111},[56,111564,115],{"class":70},[56,111566,1546],{"class":1545},[56,111568,115],{"class":70},[56,111570,100516],{"class":101},[56,111572,1553],{"class":70},[42,111574,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,111576,1892,111578,102661],{"id":111577},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111579,110427],{},[20,111581,102664],{},[1030,111583,5268,111585,4480,111587,1911],{"id":111584},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111586,110427],{},[15,111588,100336],{},[20,111590,111591,111593,111594,111596],{},[15,111592,100336],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111595,110427],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1030,111598,1925,111600,111602],{"id":111599},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111601,110427],{}," with lists?",[20,111604,111605],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111607,163],{},[47,111609,111611],{"className":49,"code":111610,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111612,111613,111633,111653,111657,111684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111614,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111616,80577],{"class":62},[56,111618,67],{"class":66},[56,111620,71],{"class":70},[56,111622,75],{"class":74},[56,111624,78],{"class":70},[56,111626,81],{"class":74},[56,111628,78],{"class":70},[56,111630,86],{"class":74},[56,111632,89],{"class":70},[56,111634,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111636,80598],{"class":62},[56,111638,67],{"class":66},[56,111640,71],{"class":70},[56,111642,901],{"class":74},[56,111644,78],{"class":70},[56,111646,2554],{"class":74},[56,111648,78],{"class":70},[56,111650,4693],{"class":74},[56,111652,89],{"class":70},[56,111654,111655],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111656,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111660,1156],{"class":62},[56,111662,67],{"class":66},[56,111664,15713],{"class":1545},[56,111666,115],{"class":70},[56,111668,111669],{"class":101},"list1",[56,111671,8719],{"class":70},[56,111673,110517],{"class":101},[56,111675,115],{"class":70},[56,111677,6377],{"class":1545},[56,111679,115],{"class":70},[56,111681,80864],{"class":101},[56,111683,1553],{"class":70},[56,111685,111686,111688,111690,111692],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111687,112],{"class":111},[56,111689,115],{"class":70},[56,111691,1190],{"class":101},[56,111693,238],{"class":70},[20,111695,241],{},[47,111697,111698],{"className":49,"code":110698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,111699,111700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111701,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111703,9366],{"class":70},[56,111705,75],{"class":74},[56,111707,78],{"class":70},[56,111709,81],{"class":74},[56,111711,78],{"class":70},[56,111713,2554],{"class":74},[56,111715,78],{"class":70},[56,111717,4693],{"class":74},[56,111719,9397],{"class":70},[1030,111721,111723],{"id":111722},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111725,111726],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[42,111728,1996],{"id":1995},[143,111730,111731,111735,111740,111746,111752],{},[146,111732,111733],{},[36,111734,96250],{"href":96249},[146,111736,111737],{},[36,111738,111739],{"href":96253},"Creating a set in Python",[146,111741,111742],{},[36,111743,96736,111744,1384],{"href":102762},[15,111745,100336],{},[146,111747,111748],{},[36,111749,96736,111750,1384],{"href":107652},[15,111751,102721],{},[146,111753,111754],{},[36,111755,100266],{"href":105265},[20,111757,111758,111759,2287,111761,17153,111763,111765],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111760,100336],{},[15,111762,102721],{},[15,111764,110427],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2028,111767,57316],{},{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":111769},[111770,111771,111773,111774,111775,111776,111778,111780,111782,111783,111792],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":110542,"depth":92,"text":111772},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":110723,"depth":92,"text":110724},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":110971,"depth":92,"text":111777},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111113,"depth":92,"text":111779},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111253,"depth":92,"text":111781},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":111784},[111785,111787,111789,111791],{"id":111577,"depth":108,"text":111786},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111584,"depth":108,"text":111788},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111599,"depth":108,"text":111790},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111722,"depth":108,"text":111723},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110419,"description":111793},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111800,"title":111801,"body":111802,"description":113865,"extension":2062,"meta":113866,"navigation":600,"path":107652,"seo":113867,"stem":113868,"__hash__":113869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111803,"toc":113824},[111804,111809,111814,111817,111830,111832,111914,111919,111924,111928,111940,111943,111947,111949,111976,111978,111989,111992,112061,112063,112069,112072,112082,112084,112173,112178,112180,112187,112190,112192,112195,112315,112317,112386,112389,112406,112411,112414,112530,112532,112561,112564,112570,112575,112579,112660,112662,112690,112695,112699,112794,112796,112837,112841,112844,112911,112913,112954,112960,112975,112982,112989,112993,112999,113085,113089,113097,113168,113173,113180,113182,113188,113190,113255,113257,113273,113278,113281,113350,113354,113357,113416,113419,113423,113476,113489,113492,113545,113549,113551,113582,113585,113590,113643,113647,113650,113671,113683,113685,113738,113740,113745,113747,113753,113756,113762,113767,113771,113774,113782,113791,113793,113821],[10,111805,2009,111807,18],{"id":111806},"python-setunion-method",[15,111808,107965],{},[20,111810,111811,111813],{},[15,111812,107965],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111815,111816],{},"It is useful when you want:",[143,111818,111819,111822,111827],{},[146,111820,111821],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[146,111823,2652,111824,111826],{},[540,111825,100691],{}," as the result",[146,111828,111829],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[42,111831,2104],{"id":2103},[47,111833,111835],{"className":49,"code":111834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111836,111837,111857,111877,111881,111899,111909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111838,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111840,110623],{"class":62},[56,111842,67],{"class":66},[56,111844,10579],{"class":70},[56,111846,75],{"class":74},[56,111848,78],{"class":70},[56,111850,81],{"class":74},[56,111852,78],{"class":70},[56,111854,86],{"class":74},[56,111856,9397],{"class":70},[56,111858,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,111860,110644],{"class":62},[56,111862,67],{"class":66},[56,111864,10579],{"class":70},[56,111866,901],{"class":74},[56,111868,78],{"class":70},[56,111870,2554],{"class":74},[56,111872,78],{"class":70},[56,111874,4693],{"class":74},[56,111876,9397],{"class":70},[56,111878,111879],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,111880,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,111882,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,111884,1156],{"class":62},[56,111886,67],{"class":66},[56,111888,110673],{"class":62},[56,111890,98],{"class":70},[56,111892,111191],{"class":101},[56,111894,115],{"class":70},[56,111896,100516],{"class":101},[56,111898,238],{"class":70},[56,111900,111901,111903,111905,111907],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,111902,112],{"class":111},[56,111904,115],{"class":70},[56,111906,1190],{"class":101},[56,111908,238],{"class":70},[56,111910,111911],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,111912,111913],{"class":123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111915,111916,111918],{},[15,111917,102721],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[42,111920,133,111922,136],{"id":111921},"what-setunion-does",[15,111923,107965],{},[20,111925,111926,141],{},[15,111927,107965],{},[143,111929,111930,111933,111936,111938],{},[146,111931,111932],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[146,111934,111935],{},"keeps only unique values",[146,111937,110553],{},[146,111939,110562],{},[20,111941,111942],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111944,96246,111945,98],{},[36,111946,96250],{"href":97421},[42,111948,289],{"id":288},[47,111950,111952],{"className":49,"code":111951,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111953,111954],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111955,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111957,100507],{"class":62},[56,111959,98],{"class":70},[56,111961,111191],{"class":101},[56,111963,115],{"class":70},[56,111965,100516],{"class":101},[56,111967,78],{"class":70},[56,111969,100543],{"class":101},[56,111971,78],{"class":70},[56,111973,34535],{"class":111},[56,111975,238],{"class":70},[20,111977,311],{},[143,111979,111980,111983,111986],{},[146,111981,111982],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[146,111984,111985],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[146,111987,111988],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111990,111991],{},"Example with two sets:",[47,111993,111995],{"className":49,"code":111994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111996,111997,112013,112029,112033,112051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111998,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112000,2652],{"class":62},[56,112002,67],{"class":66},[56,112004,10579],{"class":70},[56,112006,75],{"class":74},[56,112008,78],{"class":70},[56,112010,81],{"class":74},[56,112012,9397],{"class":70},[56,112014,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112016,2680],{"class":62},[56,112018,67],{"class":66},[56,112020,10579],{"class":70},[56,112022,1097],{"class":74},[56,112024,78],{"class":70},[56,112026,86],{"class":74},[56,112028,9397],{"class":70},[56,112030,112031],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112032,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112034,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112036,1156],{"class":62},[56,112038,67],{"class":66},[56,112040,56962],{"class":62},[56,112042,98],{"class":70},[56,112044,111191],{"class":101},[56,112046,115],{"class":70},[56,112048,194],{"class":101},[56,112050,238],{"class":70},[56,112052,112053,112055,112057,112059],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112054,112],{"class":111},[56,112056,115],{"class":70},[56,112058,1190],{"class":101},[56,112060,238],{"class":70},[42,112062,22051],{"id":22050},[20,112064,112065,100688,112067,98],{},[15,112066,107965],{},[540,112068,100691],{},[20,112070,112071],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[143,112073,112074,112077],{},[146,112075,112076],{},"the original set",[146,112078,112079,112080],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112081,102721],{},[20,112083,163],{},[47,112085,112087],{"className":49,"code":112086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112088,112089,112105,112121,112125,112143,112147,112160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112092,2652],{"class":62},[56,112094,67],{"class":66},[56,112096,10579],{"class":70},[56,112098,75],{"class":74},[56,112100,78],{"class":70},[56,112102,81],{"class":74},[56,112104,9397],{"class":70},[56,112106,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112108,2680],{"class":62},[56,112110,67],{"class":66},[56,112112,10579],{"class":70},[56,112114,1097],{"class":74},[56,112116,78],{"class":70},[56,112118,86],{"class":74},[56,112120,9397],{"class":70},[56,112122,112123],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112124,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112128,1156],{"class":62},[56,112130,67],{"class":66},[56,112132,56962],{"class":62},[56,112134,98],{"class":70},[56,112136,111191],{"class":101},[56,112138,115],{"class":70},[56,112140,194],{"class":101},[56,112142,238],{"class":70},[56,112144,112145],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112146,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112148,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,112150,112],{"class":111},[56,112152,115],{"class":70},[56,112154,1190],{"class":101},[56,112156,120],{"class":70},[56,112158,112159],{"class":123},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[56,112161,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,112163,112],{"class":111},[56,112165,115],{"class":70},[56,112167,36],{"class":101},[56,112169,120],{"class":70},[56,112171,112172],{"class":123},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112174,2383,112175,112177],{},[15,112176,36],{}," did not change.",[20,112179,110795],{},[143,112181,112182,112184],{},[146,112183,110800],{},[146,112185,112186],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112188,112189],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[42,112191,425],{"id":424},[20,112193,112194],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[47,112196,112198],{"className":49,"code":112197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112199,112200,112233,112266,112270,112290,112294,112304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112201,112202,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112203,112204],{"class":62},"fruits1 ",[56,112206,67],{"class":66},[56,112208,10579],{"class":70},[56,112210,181],{"class":180},[56,112212,562],{"class":184},[56,112214,181],{"class":180},[56,112216,78],{"class":70},[56,112218,191],{"class":180},[56,112220,571],{"class":184},[56,112222,181],{"class":180},[56,112224,78],{"class":70},[56,112226,191],{"class":180},[56,112228,33304],{"class":184},[56,112230,181],{"class":180},[56,112232,9397],{"class":70},[56,112234,112235,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112236,112237],{"class":62},"fruits2 ",[56,112239,67],{"class":66},[56,112241,10579],{"class":70},[56,112243,181],{"class":180},[56,112245,571],{"class":184},[56,112247,181],{"class":180},[56,112249,78],{"class":70},[56,112251,191],{"class":180},[56,112253,22614],{"class":184},[56,112255,181],{"class":180},[56,112257,78],{"class":70},[56,112259,191],{"class":180},[56,112261,33304],{"class":184},[56,112263,181],{"class":180},[56,112265,9397],{"class":70},[56,112267,112268],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112269,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112271,112272,112274,112276,112279,112281,112283,112285,112288],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112273,1156],{"class":62},[56,112275,67],{"class":66},[56,112277,112278],{"class":62}," fruits1",[56,112280,98],{"class":70},[56,112282,111191],{"class":101},[56,112284,115],{"class":70},[56,112286,112287],{"class":101},"fruits2",[56,112289,238],{"class":70},[56,112291,112292],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112293,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112295,112296,112298,112300,112302],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,112297,112],{"class":111},[56,112299,115],{"class":70},[56,112301,1190],{"class":101},[56,112303,238],{"class":70},[56,112305,112306,112308,112310,112313],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,112307,112],{"class":111},[56,112309,115],{"class":70},[56,112311,112312],{"class":101},"fruits1",[56,112314,238],{"class":70},[20,112316,30111],{},[47,112318,112320],{"className":49,"code":112319,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112321,112322,112358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112325,9366],{"class":70},[56,112327,254],{"class":180},[56,112329,571],{"class":184},[56,112331,254],{"class":180},[56,112333,78],{"class":70},[56,112335,263],{"class":180},[56,112337,33304],{"class":184},[56,112339,254],{"class":180},[56,112341,78],{"class":70},[56,112343,263],{"class":180},[56,112345,562],{"class":184},[56,112347,254],{"class":180},[56,112349,78],{"class":70},[56,112351,263],{"class":180},[56,112353,22614],{"class":184},[56,112355,254],{"class":180},[56,112357,9397],{"class":70},[56,112359,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112361,9366],{"class":70},[56,112363,254],{"class":180},[56,112365,571],{"class":184},[56,112367,254],{"class":180},[56,112369,78],{"class":70},[56,112371,263],{"class":180},[56,112373,33304],{"class":184},[56,112375,254],{"class":180},[56,112377,78],{"class":70},[56,112379,263],{"class":180},[56,112381,562],{"class":184},[56,112383,254],{"class":180},[56,112385,9397],{"class":70},[20,112387,112388],{},"What this shows:",[143,112390,112391,112398,112401],{},[146,112392,112393,4480,112395,112397],{},[15,112394,65348],{},[15,112396,65775],{}," appear in both sets",[146,112399,112400],{},"they appear only once in the result",[146,112402,112403,112405],{},[15,112404,112312],{}," stays unchanged",[42,112407,1441,112409,101080],{"id":112408},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112410,102721],{},[20,112412,112413],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[47,112415,112417],{"className":49,"code":112416,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112418,112419,112435,112451,112468,112485,112489,112516,112520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112420,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112422,110623],{"class":62},[56,112424,67],{"class":66},[56,112426,10579],{"class":70},[56,112428,75],{"class":74},[56,112430,78],{"class":70},[56,112432,81],{"class":74},[56,112434,9397],{"class":70},[56,112436,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112438,110644],{"class":62},[56,112440,67],{"class":66},[56,112442,10579],{"class":70},[56,112444,1097],{"class":74},[56,112446,78],{"class":70},[56,112448,86],{"class":74},[56,112450,9397],{"class":70},[56,112452,112453,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112454,112455],{"class":62},"set3 ",[56,112457,67],{"class":66},[56,112459,10579],{"class":70},[56,112461,901],{"class":74},[56,112463,78],{"class":70},[56,112465,2554],{"class":74},[56,112467,9397],{"class":70},[56,112469,112470,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112471,112472],{"class":62},"set4 ",[56,112474,67],{"class":66},[56,112476,10579],{"class":70},[56,112478,2602],{"class":74},[56,112480,78],{"class":70},[56,112482,4693],{"class":74},[56,112484,9397],{"class":70},[56,112486,112487],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112488,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112490,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112514],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,112492,1156],{"class":62},[56,112494,67],{"class":66},[56,112496,110673],{"class":62},[56,112498,98],{"class":70},[56,112500,111191],{"class":101},[56,112502,115],{"class":70},[56,112504,100516],{"class":101},[56,112506,78],{"class":70},[56,112508,100543],{"class":101},[56,112510,78],{"class":70},[56,112512,112513],{"class":101}," set4",[56,112515,238],{"class":70},[56,112517,112518],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,112519,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112521,112522,112524,112526,112528],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,112523,112],{"class":111},[56,112525,115],{"class":70},[56,112527,1190],{"class":101},[56,112529,238],{"class":70},[20,112531,30111],{},[47,112533,112535],{"className":49,"code":112534,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112536,112537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112538,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112540,9366],{"class":70},[56,112542,75],{"class":74},[56,112544,78],{"class":70},[56,112546,81],{"class":74},[56,112548,78],{"class":70},[56,112550,86],{"class":74},[56,112552,78],{"class":70},[56,112554,2554],{"class":74},[56,112556,78],{"class":70},[56,112558,4693],{"class":74},[56,112560,9397],{"class":70},[20,112562,112563],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[42,112565,1441,112567,112569],{"id":112566},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112568,102721],{}," with other iterables",[20,112571,112572,112574],{},[15,112573,102721],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1030,112576,112578],{"id":112577},"with-a-list","With a list",[47,112580,112582],{"className":49,"code":112581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112583,112584,112604,112628,112632,112650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112585,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112587,63],{"class":62},[56,112589,67],{"class":66},[56,112591,10579],{"class":70},[56,112593,75],{"class":74},[56,112595,78],{"class":70},[56,112597,81],{"class":74},[56,112599,78],{"class":70},[56,112601,86],{"class":74},[56,112603,9397],{"class":70},[56,112605,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112607,61123],{"class":62},[56,112609,67],{"class":66},[56,112611,71],{"class":70},[56,112613,901],{"class":74},[56,112615,78],{"class":70},[56,112617,2554],{"class":74},[56,112619,78],{"class":70},[56,112621,4693],{"class":74},[56,112623,78],{"class":70},[56,112625,4693],{"class":74},[56,112627,89],{"class":70},[56,112629,112630],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112631,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112633,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112635,1156],{"class":62},[56,112637,67],{"class":66},[56,112639,850],{"class":62},[56,112641,98],{"class":70},[56,112643,111191],{"class":101},[56,112645,115],{"class":70},[56,112647,61152],{"class":101},[56,112649,238],{"class":70},[56,112651,112652,112654,112656,112658],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112653,112],{"class":111},[56,112655,115],{"class":70},[56,112657,1190],{"class":101},[56,112659,238],{"class":70},[20,112661,30111],{},[47,112663,112664],{"className":49,"code":112534,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,112665,112666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112667,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112669,9366],{"class":70},[56,112671,75],{"class":74},[56,112673,78],{"class":70},[56,112675,81],{"class":74},[56,112677,78],{"class":70},[56,112679,86],{"class":74},[56,112681,78],{"class":70},[56,112683,2554],{"class":74},[56,112685,78],{"class":70},[56,112687,4693],{"class":74},[56,112689,9397],{"class":70},[20,112691,21058,112692,112694],{},[15,112693,2235],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1030,112696,112698],{"id":112697},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[47,112700,112702],{"className":49,"code":112701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112703,112704,112728,112761,112765,112784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112705,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112707,173],{"class":62},[56,112709,67],{"class":66},[56,112711,10579],{"class":70},[56,112713,181],{"class":180},[56,112715,36],{"class":184},[56,112717,181],{"class":180},[56,112719,78],{"class":70},[56,112721,191],{"class":180},[56,112723,194],{"class":184},[56,112725,181],{"class":180},[56,112727,9397],{"class":70},[56,112729,112730,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112731,112732],{"class":62},"more_letters ",[56,112734,67],{"class":66},[56,112736,9324],{"class":70},[56,112738,181],{"class":180},[56,112740,194],{"class":184},[56,112742,181],{"class":180},[56,112744,78],{"class":70},[56,112746,191],{"class":180},[56,112748,203],{"class":184},[56,112750,181],{"class":180},[56,112752,78],{"class":70},[56,112754,191],{"class":180},[56,112756,212],{"class":184},[56,112758,181],{"class":180},[56,112760,238],{"class":70},[56,112762,112763],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112764,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112766,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112782],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112768,1156],{"class":62},[56,112770,67],{"class":66},[56,112772,70170],{"class":62},[56,112774,98],{"class":70},[56,112776,111191],{"class":101},[56,112778,115],{"class":70},[56,112780,112781],{"class":101},"more_letters",[56,112783,238],{"class":70},[56,112785,112786,112788,112790,112792],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,112787,112],{"class":111},[56,112789,115],{"class":70},[56,112791,1190],{"class":101},[56,112793,238],{"class":70},[20,112795,30111],{},[47,112797,112799],{"className":49,"code":112798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112800,112801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112802,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112804,9366],{"class":70},[56,112806,254],{"class":180},[56,112808,36],{"class":184},[56,112810,254],{"class":180},[56,112812,78],{"class":70},[56,112814,263],{"class":180},[56,112816,194],{"class":184},[56,112818,254],{"class":180},[56,112820,78],{"class":70},[56,112822,263],{"class":180},[56,112824,203],{"class":184},[56,112826,254],{"class":180},[56,112828,78],{"class":70},[56,112830,263],{"class":180},[56,112832,212],{"class":184},[56,112834,254],{"class":180},[56,112836,9397],{"class":70},[1030,112838,112840],{"id":112839},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112842,112843],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[47,112845,112847],{"className":49,"code":112846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112848,112849,112874,112897,112901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112850,112851,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112852,112853],{"class":62},"chars ",[56,112855,67],{"class":66},[56,112857,10579],{"class":70},[56,112859,181],{"class":180},[56,112861,36],{"class":184},[56,112863,181],{"class":180},[56,112865,78],{"class":70},[56,112867,191],{"class":180},[56,112869,194],{"class":184},[56,112871,181],{"class":180},[56,112873,9397],{"class":70},[56,112875,112876,112878,112880,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,112877,1156],{"class":62},[56,112879,67],{"class":66},[56,112881,112882],{"class":62}," chars",[56,112884,98],{"class":70},[56,112886,111191],{"class":101},[56,112888,115],{"class":70},[56,112890,181],{"class":180},[56,112892,37126],{"class":184},[56,112894,181],{"class":180},[56,112896,238],{"class":70},[56,112898,112899],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,112900,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,112902,112903,112905,112907,112909],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,112904,112],{"class":111},[56,112906,115],{"class":70},[56,112908,1190],{"class":101},[56,112910,238],{"class":70},[20,112912,30111],{},[47,112914,112916],{"className":49,"code":112915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112917,112918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112919,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112921,9366],{"class":70},[56,112923,254],{"class":180},[56,112925,36],{"class":184},[56,112927,254],{"class":180},[56,112929,78],{"class":70},[56,112931,263],{"class":180},[56,112933,194],{"class":184},[56,112935,254],{"class":180},[56,112937,78],{"class":70},[56,112939,263],{"class":180},[56,112941,203],{"class":184},[56,112943,254],{"class":180},[56,112945,78],{"class":70},[56,112947,263],{"class":180},[56,112949,63361],{"class":184},[56,112951,254],{"class":180},[56,112953,9397],{"class":70},[20,112955,22270,112956,112959],{},[15,112957,112958],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[143,112961,112962,112966,112970],{},[146,112963,112964],{},[15,112965,66555],{},[146,112967,112968],{},[15,112969,18176],{},[146,112971,112972],{},[15,112973,112974],{},"\"t\"",[42,112976,112978,1021,112980],{"id":112977},"union-vs-update",[15,112979,102721],{},[15,112981,15033],{},[20,112983,112984,4480,112986,112988],{},[15,112985,102721],{},[15,112987,15033],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1030,112990,112991],{"id":111191},[15,112992,102721],{},[143,112994,112995,112997],{},[146,112996,110553],{},[146,112998,110562],{},[47,113000,113001],{"className":49,"code":112086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,113002,113003,113019,113035,113039,113057,113061,113073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113006,2652],{"class":62},[56,113008,67],{"class":66},[56,113010,10579],{"class":70},[56,113012,75],{"class":74},[56,113014,78],{"class":70},[56,113016,81],{"class":74},[56,113018,9397],{"class":70},[56,113020,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113022,2680],{"class":62},[56,113024,67],{"class":66},[56,113026,10579],{"class":70},[56,113028,1097],{"class":74},[56,113030,78],{"class":70},[56,113032,86],{"class":74},[56,113034,9397],{"class":70},[56,113036,113037],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113038,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113042,1156],{"class":62},[56,113044,67],{"class":66},[56,113046,56962],{"class":62},[56,113048,98],{"class":70},[56,113050,111191],{"class":101},[56,113052,115],{"class":70},[56,113054,194],{"class":101},[56,113056,238],{"class":70},[56,113058,113059],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,113060,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113062,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,113064,112],{"class":111},[56,113066,115],{"class":70},[56,113068,1190],{"class":101},[56,113070,120],{"class":70},[56,113072,112159],{"class":123},[56,113074,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,113076,112],{"class":111},[56,113078,115],{"class":70},[56,113080,36],{"class":101},[56,113082,120],{"class":70},[56,113084,112172],{"class":123},[1030,113086,113087],{"id":30546},[15,113088,15033],{},[143,113090,113091,113094],{},[146,113092,113093],{},"changes the existing set in place",[146,113095,113096],{},"does not create a separate result set",[47,113098,113100],{"className":49,"code":113099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113101,113102,113118,113134,113138,113152,113156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113105,2652],{"class":62},[56,113107,67],{"class":66},[56,113109,10579],{"class":70},[56,113111,75],{"class":74},[56,113113,78],{"class":70},[56,113115,81],{"class":74},[56,113117,9397],{"class":70},[56,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113121,2680],{"class":62},[56,113123,67],{"class":66},[56,113125,10579],{"class":70},[56,113127,1097],{"class":74},[56,113129,78],{"class":70},[56,113131,86],{"class":74},[56,113133,9397],{"class":70},[56,113135,113136],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113137,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113139,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113141,36],{"class":62},[56,113143,98],{"class":70},[56,113145,30546],{"class":101},[56,113147,115],{"class":70},[56,113149,194],{"class":101},[56,113151,238],{"class":70},[56,113153,113154],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,113155,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113157,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,113159,112],{"class":111},[56,113161,115],{"class":70},[56,113163,36],{"class":101},[56,113165,120],{"class":70},[56,113167,112159],{"class":123},[20,113169,650,113170,113172],{},[15,113171,102721],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113174,113175,113176,98],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[36,113177,2009,113178,1384],{"href":98441},[15,113179,97236],{},[42,113181,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,113183,1435,113185,113187],{"id":113184},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113186,102721],{}," to change the original set",[20,113189,81746],{},[47,113191,113193],{"className":49,"code":113192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113194,113195,113211,113227,113231,113245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113196,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113198,2652],{"class":62},[56,113200,67],{"class":66},[56,113202,10579],{"class":70},[56,113204,75],{"class":74},[56,113206,78],{"class":70},[56,113208,81],{"class":74},[56,113210,9397],{"class":70},[56,113212,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113214,2680],{"class":62},[56,113216,67],{"class":66},[56,113218,10579],{"class":70},[56,113220,1097],{"class":74},[56,113222,78],{"class":70},[56,113224,86],{"class":74},[56,113226,9397],{"class":70},[56,113228,113229],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113230,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113232,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113234,36],{"class":62},[56,113236,98],{"class":70},[56,113238,111191],{"class":101},[56,113240,115],{"class":70},[56,113242,194],{"class":101},[56,113244,238],{"class":70},[56,113246,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,113248,112],{"class":111},[56,113250,115],{"class":70},[56,113252,36],{"class":101},[56,113254,238],{"class":70},[20,113256,241],{},[47,113258,113259],{"className":49,"code":100429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,113260,113261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113262,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113264,9366],{"class":70},[56,113266,75],{"class":74},[56,113268,78],{"class":70},[56,113270,81],{"class":74},[56,113272,9397],{"class":70},[20,113274,8583,113275,113277],{},[15,113276,102721],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113279,113280],{},"Fix it like this:",[47,113282,113284],{"className":49,"code":113283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113285,113286,113302,113318,113322,113340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113287,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113289,2652],{"class":62},[56,113291,67],{"class":66},[56,113293,10579],{"class":70},[56,113295,75],{"class":74},[56,113297,78],{"class":70},[56,113299,81],{"class":74},[56,113301,9397],{"class":70},[56,113303,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113305,2680],{"class":62},[56,113307,67],{"class":66},[56,113309,10579],{"class":70},[56,113311,1097],{"class":74},[56,113313,78],{"class":70},[56,113315,86],{"class":74},[56,113317,9397],{"class":70},[56,113319,113320],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113321,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113323,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113325,2652],{"class":62},[56,113327,67],{"class":66},[56,113329,56962],{"class":62},[56,113331,98],{"class":70},[56,113333,111191],{"class":101},[56,113335,115],{"class":70},[56,113337,194],{"class":101},[56,113339,238],{"class":70},[56,113341,113342,113344,113346,113348],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,113343,112],{"class":111},[56,113345,115],{"class":70},[56,113347,36],{"class":101},[56,113349,238],{"class":70},[1030,113351,113353],{"id":113352},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113355,113356],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[47,113358,113360],{"className":49,"code":113359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113361,113362,113378,113394,113398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113365,2652],{"class":62},[56,113367,67],{"class":66},[56,113369,10579],{"class":70},[56,113371,901],{"class":74},[56,113373,78],{"class":70},[56,113375,910],{"class":74},[56,113377,9397],{"class":70},[56,113379,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113381,2680],{"class":62},[56,113383,67],{"class":66},[56,113385,10579],{"class":70},[56,113387,1097],{"class":74},[56,113389,78],{"class":70},[56,113391,2554],{"class":74},[56,113393,9397],{"class":70},[56,113395,113396],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113397,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,113399,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113401,112],{"class":111},[56,113403,115],{"class":70},[56,113405,36],{"class":101},[56,113407,98],{"class":70},[56,113409,111191],{"class":101},[56,113411,115],{"class":70},[56,113413,194],{"class":101},[56,113415,1553],{"class":70},[20,113417,113418],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1030,113420,113422],{"id":113421},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[47,113424,113426],{"className":49,"code":113425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113427,113428,113444,113466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113429,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113431,4159],{"class":62},[56,113433,67],{"class":66},[56,113435,10579],{"class":70},[56,113437,181],{"class":180},[56,113439,58202],{"class":184},[56,113441,181],{"class":180},[56,113443,9397],{"class":70},[56,113445,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113447,1156],{"class":62},[56,113449,67],{"class":66},[56,113451,6258],{"class":62},[56,113453,98],{"class":70},[56,113455,111191],{"class":101},[56,113457,115],{"class":70},[56,113459,181],{"class":180},[56,113461,37126],{"class":184},[56,113463,181],{"class":180},[56,113465,238],{"class":70},[56,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113469,112],{"class":111},[56,113471,115],{"class":70},[56,113473,1190],{"class":101},[56,113475,238],{"class":70},[20,113477,113478,113479,2287,113481,17153,113483,113485,113486,113488],{},"This adds ",[15,113480,66555],{},[15,113482,18176],{},[15,113484,112974],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113487,112958],{}," as one item.",[20,113490,113491],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[47,113493,113495],{"className":49,"code":113494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113496,113497,113513,113535],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113498,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113500,4159],{"class":62},[56,113502,67],{"class":66},[56,113504,10579],{"class":70},[56,113506,181],{"class":180},[56,113508,58202],{"class":184},[56,113510,181],{"class":180},[56,113512,9397],{"class":70},[56,113514,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113516,1156],{"class":62},[56,113518,67],{"class":66},[56,113520,6258],{"class":62},[56,113522,98],{"class":70},[56,113524,111191],{"class":101},[56,113526,3084],{"class":70},[56,113528,181],{"class":180},[56,113530,37126],{"class":184},[56,113532,181],{"class":180},[56,113534,1607],{"class":70},[56,113536,113537,113539,113541,113543],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113538,112],{"class":111},[56,113540,115],{"class":70},[56,113542,1190],{"class":101},[56,113544,238],{"class":70},[1030,113546,113548],{"id":113547},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113550,2934],{},[47,113552,113554],{"className":49,"code":113553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113555,113556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113557,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113559,15708],{"class":62},[56,113561,67],{"class":66},[56,113563,10579],{"class":70},[56,113565,75],{"class":74},[56,113567,78],{"class":70},[56,113569,81],{"class":74},[56,113571,78],{"class":70},[56,113573,71],{"class":70},[56,113575,901],{"class":74},[56,113577,78],{"class":70},[56,113579,2554],{"class":74},[56,113581,13784],{"class":70},[20,113583,113584],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113586,113587,113588,141],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113589,102721],{},[47,113591,113593],{"className":49,"code":113592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113594,113595,113611,113633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113596,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113598,15708],{"class":62},[56,113600,67],{"class":66},[56,113602,10579],{"class":70},[56,113604,75],{"class":74},[56,113606,78],{"class":70},[56,113608,81],{"class":74},[56,113610,9397],{"class":70},[56,113612,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113614,1156],{"class":62},[56,113616,67],{"class":66},[56,113618,96846],{"class":62},[56,113620,98],{"class":70},[56,113622,111191],{"class":101},[56,113624,3084],{"class":70},[56,113626,901],{"class":74},[56,113628,78],{"class":70},[56,113630,2554],{"class":74},[56,113632,1607],{"class":70},[56,113634,113635,113637,113639,113641],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113636,112],{"class":111},[56,113638,115],{"class":70},[56,113640,1190],{"class":101},[56,113642,238],{"class":70},[42,113644,113646],{"id":113645},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113648,113649],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[143,113651,113652,113658,113665,113668],{},[146,113653,113654,113655,113657],{},"call ",[15,113656,102721],{}," without saving the returned set",[146,113659,113660,113661,1450,113663],{},"confuse ",[15,113662,102721],{},[15,113664,15033],{},[146,113666,113667],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[146,113669,113670],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113672,113673,113674,4480,113678,98],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[36,113675,2009,113676,1384],{"href":102710},[15,113677,106495],{},[36,113679,2009,113681,1384],{"href":113680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113682,100341],{},[20,113684,62370],{},[47,113686,113688],{"className":49,"code":113687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113689,113690,113700,113714,113724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113691,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113693,112],{"class":111},[56,113695,115],{"class":70},[56,113697,15746],{"class":101},[56,113699,238],{"class":70},[56,113701,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113703,112],{"class":111},[56,113705,115],{"class":70},[56,113707,1546],{"class":1545},[56,113709,115],{"class":70},[56,113711,15746],{"class":101},[56,113713,1553],{"class":70},[56,113715,113716,113718,113720,113722],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113717,112],{"class":111},[56,113719,115],{"class":70},[56,113721,1190],{"class":101},[56,113723,238],{"class":70},[56,113725,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113727,32235],{"class":111},[56,113729,115],{"class":70},[56,113731,6377],{"class":1545},[56,113733,98],{"class":70},[56,113735,111191],{"class":24831},[56,113737,238],{"class":70},[42,113739,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,113741,1892,113743,102661],{"id":113742},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113744,107965],{},[20,113746,102664],{},[1030,113748,5258,113750,113752],{"id":113749},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113751,102721],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113754,113755],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1030,113757,1925,113759,113761],{"id":113758},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113760,102721],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113763,42232,113764,113766],{},[15,113765,102721],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1030,113768,113770],{"id":113769},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113772,113773],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1030,113775,5268,113777,4480,113779,1911],{"id":113776},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113778,102721],{},[15,113780,113781],{},"|",[20,113783,113784,113785,113787,113788,113790],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113786,113781],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113789,102721],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[42,113792,1996],{"id":1995},[143,113794,113795,113799,113805,113811,113817],{},[146,113796,113797],{},[36,113798,96250],{"href":97421},[146,113800,113801],{},[36,113802,2009,113803,1384],{"href":98441},[15,113804,97236],{},[146,113806,113807],{},[36,113808,2009,113809,1384],{"href":102710},[15,113810,106495],{},[146,113812,113813],{},[36,113814,2009,113815,1384],{"href":113680},[15,113816,100341],{},[146,113818,113819],{},[36,113820,100266],{"href":98999},[2028,113822,113823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":113825},[113826,113827,113829,113830,113831,113832,113834,113840,113845,113852,113853,113864],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":111921,"depth":92,"text":113828},"What set.union() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":22050,"depth":92,"text":22051},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":112408,"depth":92,"text":113833},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112566,"depth":92,"text":113835,"children":113836},"Using union() with other iterables",[113837,113838,113839],{"id":112577,"depth":108,"text":112578},{"id":112697,"depth":108,"text":112698},{"id":112839,"depth":108,"text":112840},{"id":112977,"depth":92,"text":113841,"children":113842},"union() vs update()",[113843,113844],{"id":111191,"depth":108,"text":102721},{"id":30546,"depth":108,"text":15033},{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":113846},[113847,113849,113850,113851],{"id":113184,"depth":108,"text":113848},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113352,"depth":108,"text":113353},{"id":113421,"depth":108,"text":113422},{"id":113547,"depth":108,"text":113548},{"id":113645,"depth":92,"text":113646},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":113854},[113855,113857,113859,113861,113862],{"id":113742,"depth":108,"text":113856},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113749,"depth":108,"text":113858},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113758,"depth":108,"text":113860},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113769,"depth":108,"text":113770},{"id":113776,"depth":108,"text":113863},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111801,"description":113865},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113871,"title":113872,"body":113873,"description":115762,"extension":2062,"meta":115763,"navigation":600,"path":96735,"seo":115764,"stem":115765,"__hash__":115766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113874,"toc":115728},[113875,113880,113885,113893,113895,113953,113958,113963,113967,113979,113982,114056,114061,114063,114065,114084,114086,114103,114106,114133,114135,114205,114209,114211,114217,114219,114280,114285,114287,114344,114348,114353,114418,114420,114440,114447,114451,114456,114541,114544,114551,114654,114658,114663,114721,114724,114735,114749,114756,114814,114821,114824,114834,114838,114896,114900,114966,114969,115027,115034,115041,115044,115048,115057,115126,115130,115136,115224,115234,115238,115242,115246,115249,115310,115315,115372,115376,115378,115413,115420,115422,115476,115483,115487,115490,115555,115564,115570,115627,115629,115634,115638,115642,115645,115652,115660,115664,115669,115673,115679,115681,115716,115725],[10,113876,96122,113878,18],{"id":113877},"python-set-update-method",[15,113879,15033],{},[20,113881,113882,113884],{},[15,113883,97236],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113886,113887,113888,113892],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[36,113889,113890],{"href":98422},[15,113891,96130],{},", which adds only one item.",[42,113894,45],{"id":44},[47,113896,113898],{"className":49,"code":113897,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113899,113900,113916,113938,113948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113901,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113903,63],{"class":62},[56,113905,67],{"class":66},[56,113907,10579],{"class":70},[56,113909,75],{"class":74},[56,113911,78],{"class":70},[56,113913,81],{"class":74},[56,113915,9397],{"class":70},[56,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,113919,95],{"class":62},[56,113921,98],{"class":70},[56,113923,30546],{"class":101},[56,113925,3084],{"class":70},[56,113927,1097],{"class":74},[56,113929,78],{"class":70},[56,113931,86],{"class":74},[56,113933,78],{"class":70},[56,113935,2554],{"class":74},[56,113937,1607],{"class":70},[56,113939,113940,113942,113944,113946],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,113941,112],{"class":111},[56,113943,115],{"class":70},[56,113945,95],{"class":101},[56,113947,238],{"class":70},[56,113949,113950],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,113951,113952],{"class":123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113954,650,113955,113957],{},[15,113956,15033],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[42,113959,133,113961,136],{"id":113960},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113962,97236],{},[20,113964,113965,141],{},[15,113966,97236],{},[143,113968,113969,113972,113974,113977],{},[146,113970,113971],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[146,113973,96237],{},[146,113975,113976],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[146,113978,96240],{},[20,113980,113981],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[47,113983,113985],{"className":49,"code":113984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113986,113987,114011,114037,114041,114051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113988,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113990,334],{"class":62},[56,113992,67],{"class":66},[56,113994,10579],{"class":70},[56,113996,181],{"class":180},[56,113998,343],{"class":184},[56,114000,181],{"class":180},[56,114002,78],{"class":70},[56,114004,191],{"class":180},[56,114006,361],{"class":184},[56,114008,181],{"class":180},[56,114010,9397],{"class":70},[56,114012,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114014,370],{"class":62},[56,114016,98],{"class":70},[56,114018,30546],{"class":101},[56,114020,3084],{"class":70},[56,114022,181],{"class":180},[56,114024,361],{"class":184},[56,114026,181],{"class":180},[56,114028,78],{"class":70},[56,114030,191],{"class":180},[56,114032,352],{"class":184},[56,114034,181],{"class":180},[56,114036,1607],{"class":70},[56,114038,114039],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114040,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114042,114043,114045,114047,114049],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114044,112],{"class":111},[56,114046,115],{"class":70},[56,114048,370],{"class":101},[56,114050,238],{"class":70},[56,114052,114053],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114054,114055],{"class":123},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114057,21058,114058,114060],{},[15,114059,110956],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[42,114062,289],{"id":288},[20,114064,7308],{},[47,114066,114068],{"className":49,"code":114067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114069,114070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114071,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114073,15746],{"class":62},[56,114075,98],{"class":70},[56,114077,30546],{"class":101},[56,114079,115],{"class":70},[56,114081,3810],{"class":101},[56,114083,238],{"class":70},[20,114085,80122],{},[143,114087,114088,114091,114094,114097,114100],{},[146,114089,114090],{},"A list",[146,114092,114093],{},"A tuple",[146,114095,114096],{},"Another set",[146,114098,114099],{},"A string",[146,114101,114102],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114104,114105],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[47,114107,114109],{"className":49,"code":114108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114110,114111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114112,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114114,15746],{"class":62},[56,114116,98],{"class":70},[56,114118,30546],{"class":101},[56,114120,115],{"class":70},[56,114122,36],{"class":101},[56,114124,78],{"class":70},[56,114126,2657],{"class":101},[56,114128,78],{"class":70},[56,114130,9770],{"class":101},[56,114132,238],{"class":70},[20,114134,163],{},[47,114136,114138],{"className":49,"code":114137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114139,114140,114152,114186,114190,114200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114141,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114143,3912],{"class":62},[56,114145,67],{"class":66},[56,114147,10579],{"class":70},[56,114149,75],{"class":74},[56,114151,9397],{"class":70},[56,114153,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114155,5448],{"class":62},[56,114157,98],{"class":70},[56,114159,30546],{"class":101},[56,114161,3084],{"class":70},[56,114163,1097],{"class":74},[56,114165,78],{"class":70},[56,114167,86],{"class":74},[56,114169,18142],{"class":70},[56,114171,9324],{"class":70},[56,114173,2602],{"class":74},[56,114175,78],{"class":70},[56,114177,4693],{"class":74},[56,114179,9321],{"class":70},[56,114181,10579],{"class":70},[56,114183,80513],{"class":74},[56,114185,30578],{"class":70},[56,114187,114188],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114189,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114191,114192,114194,114196,114198],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114193,112],{"class":111},[56,114195,115],{"class":70},[56,114197,5448],{"class":101},[56,114199,238],{"class":70},[56,114201,114202],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114203,114204],{"class":123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114206,96246,114207,98],{},[36,114208,96254],{"href":97805},[42,114210,22051],{"id":22050},[20,114212,114213,2494,114215,98],{},[15,114214,97236],{},[15,114216,157],{},[20,114218,11800],{},[47,114220,114222],{"className":49,"code":114221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114223,114224,114240,114262,114266,114276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114225,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114227,63],{"class":62},[56,114229,67],{"class":66},[56,114231,10579],{"class":70},[56,114233,75],{"class":74},[56,114235,78],{"class":70},[56,114237,81],{"class":74},[56,114239,9397],{"class":70},[56,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114243,1156],{"class":62},[56,114245,67],{"class":66},[56,114247,850],{"class":62},[56,114249,98],{"class":70},[56,114251,30546],{"class":101},[56,114253,3084],{"class":70},[56,114255,901],{"class":74},[56,114257,78],{"class":70},[56,114259,2554],{"class":74},[56,114261,1607],{"class":70},[56,114263,114264],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114265,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114267,114268,114270,114272,114274],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114269,112],{"class":111},[56,114271,115],{"class":70},[56,114273,1190],{"class":101},[56,114275,238],{"class":70},[56,114277,114278],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114279,61907],{"class":123},[20,114281,114282,114283,98],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114284,1190],{},[20,114286,19048],{},[47,114288,114290],{"className":49,"code":114289,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114291,114292,114308,114326,114330,114340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114293,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114295,63],{"class":62},[56,114297,67],{"class":66},[56,114299,10579],{"class":70},[56,114301,75],{"class":74},[56,114303,78],{"class":70},[56,114305,81],{"class":74},[56,114307,9397],{"class":70},[56,114309,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114311,95],{"class":62},[56,114313,98],{"class":70},[56,114315,30546],{"class":101},[56,114317,3084],{"class":70},[56,114319,901],{"class":74},[56,114321,78],{"class":70},[56,114323,2554],{"class":74},[56,114325,1607],{"class":70},[56,114327,114328],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114329,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114333,112],{"class":111},[56,114335,115],{"class":70},[56,114337,95],{"class":101},[56,114339,238],{"class":70},[56,114341,114342],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114343,113952],{"class":123},[42,114345,114347],{"id":114346},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114349,114350,114351,98],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114352,15033],{},[47,114354,114356],{"className":49,"code":114355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114357,114358,114374,114400,114404,114414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370,114372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114361,63],{"class":62},[56,114363,67],{"class":66},[56,114365,10579],{"class":70},[56,114367,75],{"class":74},[56,114369,78],{"class":70},[56,114371,81],{"class":74},[56,114373,9397],{"class":70},[56,114375,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114377,95],{"class":62},[56,114379,98],{"class":70},[56,114381,30546],{"class":101},[56,114383,3084],{"class":70},[56,114385,1097],{"class":74},[56,114387,78],{"class":70},[56,114389,86],{"class":74},[56,114391,78],{"class":70},[56,114393,2554],{"class":74},[56,114395,78],{"class":70},[56,114397,2554],{"class":74},[56,114399,1607],{"class":70},[56,114401,114402],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114403,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114405,114406,114408,114410,114412],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114407,112],{"class":111},[56,114409,115],{"class":70},[56,114411,95],{"class":101},[56,114413,238],{"class":70},[56,114415,114416],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114417,113952],{"class":123},[20,114419,513],{},[143,114421,114422,114427,114434],{},[146,114423,114424,114426],{},[15,114425,1097],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[146,114428,114429,4480,114431,114433],{},[15,114430,901],{},[15,114432,2602],{}," are added",[146,114435,114436,114437,114439],{},"The second ",[15,114438,2602],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114441,114442,114443,114446],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[36,114444,114445],{"href":98999},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[42,114448,114450],{"id":114449},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114452,7854,114453,114455],{},[15,114454,15033],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[47,114457,114459],{"className":49,"code":114458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114460,114461,114482,114503,114507,114523,114527,114537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114462,114463,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114464,114465],{"class":62},"set_a ",[56,114467,67],{"class":66},[56,114469,10579],{"class":70},[56,114471,75],{"class":74},[56,114473,78],{"class":70},[56,114475,81],{"class":74},[56,114477,78],{"class":70},[56,114479,86],{"class":74},[56,114481,9397],{"class":70},[56,114483,114484,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114485,114486],{"class":62},"set_b ",[56,114488,67],{"class":66},[56,114490,10579],{"class":70},[56,114492,901],{"class":74},[56,114494,78],{"class":70},[56,114496,2554],{"class":74},[56,114498,78],{"class":70},[56,114500,4693],{"class":74},[56,114502,9397],{"class":70},[56,114504,114505],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114506,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114508,114509,114512,114514,114516,114518,114521],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114510,114511],{"class":62},"set_a",[56,114513,98],{"class":70},[56,114515,30546],{"class":101},[56,114517,115],{"class":70},[56,114519,114520],{"class":101},"set_b",[56,114522,238],{"class":70},[56,114524,114525],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114526,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114528,114529,114531,114533,114535],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,114530,112],{"class":111},[56,114532,115],{"class":70},[56,114534,114511],{"class":101},[56,114536,238],{"class":70},[56,114538,114539],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,114540,111913],{"class":123},[20,114542,114543],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114545,114546,114547,98],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[36,114548,114549],{"href":102718},[15,114550,107965],{},[47,114552,114554],{"className":49,"code":114553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114555,114556,114576,114596,114600,114620,114624,114635,114639,114649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114557,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114559,114465],{"class":62},[56,114561,67],{"class":66},[56,114563,10579],{"class":70},[56,114565,75],{"class":74},[56,114567,78],{"class":70},[56,114569,81],{"class":74},[56,114571,78],{"class":70},[56,114573,86],{"class":74},[56,114575,9397],{"class":70},[56,114577,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114579,114486],{"class":62},[56,114581,67],{"class":66},[56,114583,10579],{"class":70},[56,114585,901],{"class":74},[56,114587,78],{"class":70},[56,114589,2554],{"class":74},[56,114591,78],{"class":70},[56,114593,4693],{"class":74},[56,114595,9397],{"class":70},[56,114597,114598],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114599,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114601,114602,114605,114607,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114603,114604],{"class":62},"combined ",[56,114606,67],{"class":66},[56,114608,114609],{"class":62}," set_a",[56,114611,98],{"class":70},[56,114613,111191],{"class":101},[56,114615,115],{"class":70},[56,114617,114520],{"class":101},[56,114619,238],{"class":70},[56,114621,114622],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114623,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114625,114626,114628,114630,114633],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,114627,112],{"class":111},[56,114629,115],{"class":70},[56,114631,114632],{"class":101},"combined",[56,114634,238],{"class":70},[56,114636,114637],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,114638,111913],{"class":123},[56,114640,114641,114643,114645,114647],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,114642,112],{"class":111},[56,114644,115],{"class":70},[56,114646,114511],{"class":101},[56,114648,238],{"class":70},[56,114650,114651],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,114652,114653],{"class":123},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[42,114655,114657],{"id":114656},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114659,64813,114660,114662],{},[15,114661,15033],{}," adds each character separately.",[47,114664,114666],{"className":49,"code":114665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114667,114668,114684,114702,114706,114716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114669,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114671,173],{"class":62},[56,114673,67],{"class":66},[56,114675,10579],{"class":70},[56,114677,181],{"class":180},[56,114679,2271],{"class":184},[56,114681,181],{"class":180},[56,114683,9397],{"class":70},[56,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114687,221],{"class":62},[56,114689,98],{"class":70},[56,114691,30546],{"class":101},[56,114693,115],{"class":70},[56,114695,181],{"class":180},[56,114697,37126],{"class":184},[56,114699,181],{"class":180},[56,114701,238],{"class":70},[56,114703,114704],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114705,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114709,112],{"class":111},[56,114711,115],{"class":70},[56,114713,221],{"class":101},[56,114715,238],{"class":70},[56,114717,114718],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114719,114720],{"class":123},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114722,114723],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114725,114726,14132,114729,114731,114732,114734],{},[15,114727,114728],{},"update(\"cat\")",[540,114730,931],{}," add ",[15,114733,112958],{}," as one item. It adds:",[143,114736,114737,114741,114745],{},[146,114738,114739],{},[15,114740,66555],{},[146,114742,114743],{},[15,114744,18176],{},[146,114746,114747],{},[15,114748,112974],{},[20,114750,114751,114752,141],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[36,114753,114754],{"href":98422},[15,114755,96130],{},[47,114757,114759],{"className":49,"code":114758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114760,114761,114777,114795,114799,114809],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114762,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114764,4159],{"class":62},[56,114766,67],{"class":66},[56,114768,10579],{"class":70},[56,114770,181],{"class":180},[56,114772,58202],{"class":184},[56,114774,181],{"class":180},[56,114776,9397],{"class":70},[56,114778,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114780,4200],{"class":62},[56,114782,98],{"class":70},[56,114784,82025],{"class":101},[56,114786,115],{"class":70},[56,114788,181],{"class":180},[56,114790,37126],{"class":184},[56,114792,181],{"class":180},[56,114794,238],{"class":70},[56,114796,114797],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114798,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114802,112],{"class":111},[56,114804,115],{"class":70},[56,114806,4200],{"class":101},[56,114808,238],{"class":70},[56,114810,114811],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114812,114813],{"class":123},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[42,114815,114817,1021,114819],{"id":114816},"update-vs-add",[15,114818,15033],{},[15,114820,96125],{},[20,114822,114823],{},"The difference is simple:",[143,114825,114826,114830],{},[146,114827,114828,96724],{},[15,114829,96125],{},[146,114831,114832,96729],{},[15,114833,15033],{},[20,114835,46121,114836,141],{},[15,114837,96125],{},[47,114839,114841],{"className":49,"code":114840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114842,114843,114859,114877,114881,114891],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114844,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114846,553],{"class":62},[56,114848,67],{"class":66},[56,114850,10579],{"class":70},[56,114852,181],{"class":180},[56,114854,562],{"class":184},[56,114856,181],{"class":180},[56,114858,9397],{"class":70},[56,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114862,589],{"class":62},[56,114864,98],{"class":70},[56,114866,82025],{"class":101},[56,114868,115],{"class":70},[56,114870,181],{"class":180},[56,114872,571],{"class":184},[56,114874,181],{"class":180},[56,114876,238],{"class":70},[56,114878,114879],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114880,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114882,114883,114885,114887,114889],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114884,112],{"class":111},[56,114886,115],{"class":70},[56,114888,589],{"class":101},[56,114890,238],{"class":70},[56,114892,114893],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114894,114895],{"class":123},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114897,46121,114898,141],{},[15,114899,15033],{},[47,114901,114903],{"className":49,"code":114902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114904,114905,114921,114947,114951,114961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114906,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114908,553],{"class":62},[56,114910,67],{"class":66},[56,114912,10579],{"class":70},[56,114914,181],{"class":180},[56,114916,562],{"class":184},[56,114918,181],{"class":180},[56,114920,9397],{"class":70},[56,114922,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114924,589],{"class":62},[56,114926,98],{"class":70},[56,114928,30546],{"class":101},[56,114930,3084],{"class":70},[56,114932,181],{"class":180},[56,114934,571],{"class":184},[56,114936,181],{"class":180},[56,114938,78],{"class":70},[56,114940,191],{"class":180},[56,114942,33304],{"class":184},[56,114944,181],{"class":180},[56,114946,1607],{"class":70},[56,114948,114949],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,114950,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,114952,114953,114955,114957,114959],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,114954,112],{"class":111},[56,114956,115],{"class":70},[56,114958,589],{"class":101},[56,114960,238],{"class":70},[56,114962,114963],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,114964,114965],{"class":123},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114967,114968],{},"Important warning with strings:",[47,114970,114972],{"className":49,"code":114971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114973,114974,114990,115008,115012,115022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114975,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114977,553],{"class":62},[56,114979,67],{"class":66},[56,114981,10579],{"class":70},[56,114983,181],{"class":180},[56,114985,562],{"class":184},[56,114987,181],{"class":180},[56,114989,9397],{"class":70},[56,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,114993,589],{"class":62},[56,114995,98],{"class":70},[56,114997,30546],{"class":101},[56,114999,115],{"class":70},[56,115001,181],{"class":180},[56,115003,38420],{"class":184},[56,115005,181],{"class":180},[56,115007,238],{"class":70},[56,115009,115010],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115011,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115013,115014,115016,115018,115020],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115015,112],{"class":111},[56,115017,115],{"class":70},[56,115019,589],{"class":101},[56,115021,238],{"class":70},[56,115023,115024],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115025,115026],{"class":123},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115028,62181,115029,62254,115032,6720],{},[15,115030,115031],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115033,96125],{},[42,115035,115037,1021,115039],{"id":115036},"update-vs-union",[15,115038,15033],{},[15,115040,102721],{},[20,115042,115043],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1030,115045,115046],{"id":30546},[15,115047,15033],{},[143,115049,115050,115053],{},[146,115051,115052],{},"Changes the existing set",[146,115054,154,115055],{},[15,115056,157],{},[47,115058,115060],{"className":49,"code":115059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115061,115062,115078,115094,115098,115112,115122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115063,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115065,2652],{"class":62},[56,115067,67],{"class":66},[56,115069,10579],{"class":70},[56,115071,75],{"class":74},[56,115073,78],{"class":70},[56,115075,81],{"class":74},[56,115077,9397],{"class":70},[56,115079,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115081,2680],{"class":62},[56,115083,67],{"class":66},[56,115085,10579],{"class":70},[56,115087,1097],{"class":74},[56,115089,78],{"class":70},[56,115091,86],{"class":74},[56,115093,9397],{"class":70},[56,115095,115096],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115097,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115099,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115101,36],{"class":62},[56,115103,98],{"class":70},[56,115105,30546],{"class":101},[56,115107,115],{"class":70},[56,115109,194],{"class":101},[56,115111,238],{"class":70},[56,115113,115114,115116,115118,115120],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115115,112],{"class":111},[56,115117,115],{"class":70},[56,115119,36],{"class":101},[56,115121,238],{"class":70},[56,115123,115124],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,115125,114653],{"class":123},[1030,115127,115128],{"id":111191},[15,115129,102721],{},[143,115131,115132,115134],{},[146,115133,101259],{},[146,115135,101262],{},[47,115137,115139],{"className":49,"code":115138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115140,115141,115157,115173,115177,115195,115205,115209,115219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115142,115143,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115144,2652],{"class":62},[56,115146,67],{"class":66},[56,115148,10579],{"class":70},[56,115150,75],{"class":74},[56,115152,78],{"class":70},[56,115154,81],{"class":74},[56,115156,9397],{"class":70},[56,115158,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115160,2680],{"class":62},[56,115162,67],{"class":66},[56,115164,10579],{"class":70},[56,115166,1097],{"class":74},[56,115168,78],{"class":70},[56,115170,86],{"class":74},[56,115172,9397],{"class":70},[56,115174,115175],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115176,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115180,83105],{"class":62},[56,115182,67],{"class":66},[56,115184,56962],{"class":62},[56,115186,98],{"class":70},[56,115188,111191],{"class":101},[56,115190,115],{"class":70},[56,115192,194],{"class":101},[56,115194,238],{"class":70},[56,115196,115197,115199,115201,115203],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115198,112],{"class":111},[56,115200,115],{"class":70},[56,115202,203],{"class":101},[56,115204,238],{"class":70},[56,115206,115207],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,115208,114653],{"class":123},[56,115210,115211,115213,115215,115217],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,115212,112],{"class":111},[56,115214,115],{"class":70},[56,115216,36],{"class":101},[56,115218,238],{"class":70},[56,115220,115221],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,115222,115223],{"class":123},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115225,107607,115226,115228,115229,115233],{},[15,115227,15033],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[36,115230,115231],{"href":102718},[15,115232,102721],{}," when you want a new set.",[42,115235,115237],{"id":115236},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115239,10835,115240,98],{},[15,115241,97236],{},[1030,115243,115245],{"id":115244},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115247,115248],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[47,115250,115252],{"className":49,"code":115251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115253,115254,115270,115292,115296,115306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115255,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115257,15708],{"class":62},[56,115259,67],{"class":66},[56,115261,10579],{"class":70},[56,115263,75],{"class":74},[56,115265,78],{"class":70},[56,115267,81],{"class":74},[56,115269,9397],{"class":70},[56,115271,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115273,1156],{"class":62},[56,115275,67],{"class":66},[56,115277,96846],{"class":62},[56,115279,98],{"class":70},[56,115281,30546],{"class":101},[56,115283,3084],{"class":70},[56,115285,901],{"class":74},[56,115287,78],{"class":70},[56,115289,2554],{"class":74},[56,115291,1607],{"class":70},[56,115293,115294],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115295,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115297,115298,115300,115302,115304],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115299,112],{"class":111},[56,115301,115],{"class":70},[56,115303,1190],{"class":101},[56,115305,238],{"class":70},[56,115307,115308],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115309,61907],{"class":123},[20,115311,115312,115313,141],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115314,15033],{},[47,115316,115318],{"className":49,"code":115317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115319,115320,115336,115354,115358,115368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115321,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115323,15708],{"class":62},[56,115325,67],{"class":66},[56,115327,10579],{"class":70},[56,115329,75],{"class":74},[56,115331,78],{"class":70},[56,115333,81],{"class":74},[56,115335,9397],{"class":70},[56,115337,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115339,15746],{"class":62},[56,115341,98],{"class":70},[56,115343,30546],{"class":101},[56,115345,3084],{"class":70},[56,115347,901],{"class":74},[56,115349,78],{"class":70},[56,115351,2554],{"class":74},[56,115353,1607],{"class":70},[56,115355,115356],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115357,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115361,112],{"class":111},[56,115363,115],{"class":70},[56,115365,15746],{"class":101},[56,115367,238],{"class":70},[56,115369,115370],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115371,113952],{"class":123},[1030,115373,115375],{"id":115374},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115377,2934],{},[47,115379,115381],{"className":49,"code":115380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115382,115383,115399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115384,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115386,15708],{"class":62},[56,115388,67],{"class":66},[56,115390,10579],{"class":70},[56,115392,75],{"class":74},[56,115394,78],{"class":70},[56,115396,81],{"class":74},[56,115398,9397],{"class":70},[56,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115402,15746],{"class":62},[56,115404,98],{"class":70},[56,115406,30546],{"class":101},[56,115408,115],{"class":70},[56,115410,2235],{"class":74},[56,115412,238],{"class":70},[20,115414,62360,115415,8689,115417,115419],{},[15,115416,3103],{},[15,115418,2235],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115421,6643],{},[47,115423,115425],{"className":49,"code":115424,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115426,115427,115443,115457,115461,115471],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115428,115429,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439,115441],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115430,15708],{"class":62},[56,115432,67],{"class":66},[56,115434,10579],{"class":70},[56,115436,75],{"class":74},[56,115438,78],{"class":70},[56,115440,81],{"class":74},[56,115442,9397],{"class":70},[56,115444,115445,115447,115449,115451,115453,115455],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115446,15746],{"class":62},[56,115448,98],{"class":70},[56,115450,30546],{"class":101},[56,115452,3084],{"class":70},[56,115454,2235],{"class":74},[56,115456,1607],{"class":70},[56,115458,115459],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115460,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115462,115463,115465,115467,115469],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115464,112],{"class":111},[56,115466,115],{"class":70},[56,115468,15746],{"class":101},[56,115470,238],{"class":70},[56,115472,115473],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115474,115475],{"class":123},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115477,45994,115478,98],{},[36,115479,25761,115480],{"href":52681},[15,115481,115482],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1030,115484,115486],{"id":115485},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115488,115489],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[47,115491,115493],{"className":49,"code":115492,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115494,115495,115511,115537,115541,115551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115496,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507,115509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115498,15708],{"class":62},[56,115500,67],{"class":66},[56,115502,10579],{"class":70},[56,115504,75],{"class":74},[56,115506,78],{"class":70},[56,115508,81],{"class":74},[56,115510,9397],{"class":70},[56,115512,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115514,15746],{"class":62},[56,115516,98],{"class":70},[56,115518,30546],{"class":101},[56,115520,3084],{"class":70},[56,115522,1097],{"class":74},[56,115524,78],{"class":70},[56,115526,81],{"class":74},[56,115528,78],{"class":70},[56,115530,81],{"class":74},[56,115532,78],{"class":70},[56,115534,86],{"class":74},[56,115536,1607],{"class":70},[56,115538,115539],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115540,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115542,115543,115545,115547,115549],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115544,112],{"class":111},[56,115546,115],{"class":70},[56,115548,15746],{"class":101},[56,115550,238],{"class":70},[56,115552,115553],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115554,114653],{"class":123},[1030,115556,115558,115559,44710,115561,115563],{"id":115557},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115560,15033],{},[15,115562,96125],{}," is better",[20,115565,115566,115567,115569],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115568,96125],{}," is usually the better choice.",[47,115571,115573],{"className":49,"code":115572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115574,115575,115591,115609,115613,115623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115576,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115578,15708],{"class":62},[56,115580,67],{"class":66},[56,115582,10579],{"class":70},[56,115584,181],{"class":180},[56,115586,58202],{"class":184},[56,115588,181],{"class":180},[56,115590,9397],{"class":70},[56,115592,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115594,15746],{"class":62},[56,115596,98],{"class":70},[56,115598,82025],{"class":101},[56,115600,115],{"class":70},[56,115602,181],{"class":180},[56,115604,37126],{"class":184},[56,115606,181],{"class":180},[56,115608,238],{"class":70},[56,115610,115611],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115612,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115614,115615,115617,115619,115621],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115616,112],{"class":111},[56,115618,115],{"class":70},[56,115620,15746],{"class":101},[56,115622,238],{"class":70},[56,115624,115625],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115626,114813],{"class":123},[42,115628,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,115630,1892,115632,97215],{"id":115631},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115633,97236],{},[20,115635,97218,115636,98],{},[15,115637,157],{},[1030,115639,1925,115640,32309],{"id":32306},[15,115641,15033],{},[20,115643,115644],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1030,115646,5268,115648,4480,115650,1911],{"id":115647},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115649,96125],{},[15,115651,15033],{},[20,115653,115654,115656,115657,115659],{},[15,115655,96125],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115658,15033],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1030,115661,115663],{"id":115662},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115665,115666,115667,114662],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115668,15033],{},[1030,115670,115672],{"id":115671},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115674,650,115675,11180,115677,98],{},[15,115676,102721],{},[15,115678,15033],{},[42,115680,1996],{"id":1995},[143,115682,115683,115690,115697,115703,115709],{},[146,115684,115685],{},[36,115686,115687],{"href":98422},[15,115688,115689],{},"Python set add() method",[146,115691,115692],{},[36,115693,115694],{"href":102718},[15,115695,115696],{},"Python set union() method",[146,115698,115699],{},[36,115700,115701],{"href":97805},[15,115702,97260],{},[146,115704,115705],{},[36,115706,115707],{"href":98999},[15,115708,100266],{},[146,115710,115711],{},[36,115712,115713,115715],{"href":52681},[15,115714,115482],{}," fix",[20,115717,115718,115719,115721,115722,115724],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115720,96130],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115723,107965],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2028,115726,115727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":115729},[115730,115731,115733,115734,115735,115736,115737,115738,115740,115745,115752,115761],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":113960,"depth":92,"text":115732},"What set.update() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":22050,"depth":92,"text":22051},{"id":114346,"depth":92,"text":114347},{"id":114449,"depth":92,"text":114450},{"id":114656,"depth":92,"text":114657},{"id":114816,"depth":92,"text":115739},"update() vs add()",{"id":115036,"depth":92,"text":115741,"children":115742},"update() vs union()",[115743,115744],{"id":30546,"depth":108,"text":15033},{"id":111191,"depth":108,"text":102721},{"id":115236,"depth":92,"text":115237,"children":115746},[115747,115748,115749,115750],{"id":115244,"depth":108,"text":115245},{"id":115374,"depth":108,"text":115375},{"id":115485,"depth":108,"text":115486},{"id":115557,"depth":108,"text":115751},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":115753},[115754,115756,115757,115759,115760],{"id":115631,"depth":108,"text":115755},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32306,"depth":108,"text":32379},{"id":115647,"depth":108,"text":115758},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115662,"depth":108,"text":115663},{"id":115671,"depth":108,"text":115672},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113872,"description":115762},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115768,"title":115769,"body":115770,"description":117536,"extension":2062,"meta":117537,"navigation":600,"path":13868,"seo":117538,"stem":117539,"__hash__":117540},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115771,"toc":117511},[115772,115775,115778,115781,115792,115800,115803,115805,115954,115966,115970,115987,115991,115999,116001,116012,116014,116111,116117,116120,116216,116225,116230,116234,116239,116241,116251,116253,116362,116370,116374,116377,116380,116397,116403,116483,116486,116490,116493,116497,116500,116559,116562,116566,116569,116661,116665,116668,116775,116779,116785,116813,116815,116897,116907,116911,116914,116925,116928,117013,117016,117021,117025,117028,117039,117042,117184,117187,117191,117194,117208,117211,117272,117278,117280,117283,117305,117308,117408,117411,117443,117445,117449,117452,117454,117457,117461,117464,117468,117471,117475,117478,117480,117508],[10,115773,115769],{"id":115774},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115776,115777],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115779,115780],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[143,115782,115783,115786,115789],{},[146,115784,115785],{},"a list inside another list",[146,115787,115788],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[146,115790,115791],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115793,100188,115794,4480,115796,115799],{},[540,115795,12931],{},[540,115797,115798],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115801,115802],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[42,115804,2104],{"id":2103},[47,115806,115808],{"className":49,"code":115807,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115809,115810,115817,115821,115847,115867,115887,115891,115909,115913,115926,115940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115811,115812,115814],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115813,35171],{"class":3965},[56,115815,115816],{"class":62}," copy\n",[56,115818,115819],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,115820,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115822,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,115824,12169],{"class":62},[56,115826,67],{"class":66},[56,115828,56369],{"class":70},[56,115830,75],{"class":74},[56,115832,78],{"class":70},[56,115834,81],{"class":74},[56,115836,18142],{"class":70},[56,115838,71],{"class":70},[56,115840,901],{"class":74},[56,115842,78],{"class":70},[56,115844,2554],{"class":74},[56,115846,53323],{"class":70},[56,115848,115849,115852,115854,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,115850,115851],{"class":62},"shallow ",[56,115853,67],{"class":66},[56,115855,115856],{"class":62}," copy",[56,115858,98],{"class":70},[56,115860,12992],{"class":101},[56,115862,115],{"class":70},[56,115864,12216],{"class":101},[56,115866,238],{"class":70},[56,115868,115869,115872,115874,115876,115878,115881,115883,115885],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,115870,115871],{"class":62},"deep ",[56,115873,67],{"class":66},[56,115875,115856],{"class":62},[56,115877,98],{"class":70},[56,115879,115880],{"class":101},"deepcopy",[56,115882,115],{"class":70},[56,115884,12216],{"class":101},[56,115886,238],{"class":70},[56,115888,115889],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,115890,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115892,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,115894,12216],{"class":62},[56,115896,251],{"class":70},[56,115898,2218],{"class":74},[56,115900,13628],{"class":70},[56,115902,13631],{"class":101},[56,115904,115],{"class":70},[56,115906,56422],{"class":74},[56,115908,238],{"class":70},[56,115910,115911],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,115912,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,115914,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,115916,112],{"class":111},[56,115918,115],{"class":70},[56,115920,12216],{"class":101},[56,115922,120],{"class":70},[56,115924,115925],{"class":123},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,115927,115928,115930,115932,115935,115937],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,115929,112],{"class":111},[56,115931,115],{"class":70},[56,115933,115934],{"class":101},"shallow",[56,115936,120],{"class":70},[56,115938,115939],{"class":123},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,115941,115942,115944,115946,115949,115951],{"class":58,"line":11681},[56,115943,112],{"class":111},[56,115945,115],{"class":70},[56,115947,115948],{"class":101},"deep",[56,115950,120],{"class":70},[56,115952,115953],{"class":123},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115955,650,115956,115959,115960,4480,115962,115965],{},[15,115957,115958],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[540,115961,12931],{},[15,115963,115964],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[42,115967,115969],{"id":115968},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[143,115971,115972,115975,115978,115981,115984],{},[146,115973,115974],{},"What a copy means in Python",[146,115976,115977],{},"How shallow copy works",[146,115979,115980],{},"How deep copy works",[146,115982,115983],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[146,115985,115986],{},"When to use each approach",[42,115988,115990],{"id":115989},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115992,15268,115993,115995,115996,115998],{},[540,115994,12931],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[540,115997,931],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116000,2205],{},[143,116002,116003,116006,116009],{},[146,116004,116005],{},"the outer container is new",[146,116007,116008],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[146,116010,116011],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116013,163],{},[47,116015,116017],{"className":49,"code":116016,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116018,116019,116045,116059,116063,116081,116085,116098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116020,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116022,12169],{"class":62},[56,116024,67],{"class":66},[56,116026,56369],{"class":70},[56,116028,75],{"class":74},[56,116030,78],{"class":70},[56,116032,81],{"class":74},[56,116034,18142],{"class":70},[56,116036,71],{"class":70},[56,116038,901],{"class":74},[56,116040,78],{"class":70},[56,116042,2554],{"class":74},[56,116044,53323],{"class":70},[56,116046,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116048,14390],{"class":62},[56,116050,67],{"class":66},[56,116052,12244],{"class":62},[56,116054,98],{"class":70},[56,116056,12992],{"class":101},[56,116058,105],{"class":70},[56,116060,116061],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116062,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116064,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116066,14409],{"class":62},[56,116068,98],{"class":70},[56,116070,13631],{"class":101},[56,116072,3084],{"class":70},[56,116074,2235],{"class":74},[56,116076,78],{"class":70},[56,116078,37722],{"class":74},[56,116080,1607],{"class":70},[56,116082,116083],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116084,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116086,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116088,112],{"class":111},[56,116090,115],{"class":70},[56,116092,12216],{"class":101},[56,116094,120],{"class":70},[56,116096,116097],{"class":123},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[56,116099,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116101,112],{"class":111},[56,116103,115],{"class":70},[56,116105,14409],{"class":101},[56,116107,120],{"class":70},[56,116109,116110],{"class":123},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116112,116113,116114,116116],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116115,14409],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116118,116119],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[47,116121,116123],{"className":49,"code":116122,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116124,116125,116151,116165,116169,116187,116191,116203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116126,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116128,12169],{"class":62},[56,116130,67],{"class":66},[56,116132,56369],{"class":70},[56,116134,75],{"class":74},[56,116136,78],{"class":70},[56,116138,81],{"class":74},[56,116140,18142],{"class":70},[56,116142,71],{"class":70},[56,116144,901],{"class":74},[56,116146,78],{"class":70},[56,116148,2554],{"class":74},[56,116150,53323],{"class":70},[56,116152,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116154,14390],{"class":62},[56,116156,67],{"class":66},[56,116158,12244],{"class":62},[56,116160,98],{"class":70},[56,116162,12992],{"class":101},[56,116164,105],{"class":70},[56,116166,116167],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116168,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116170,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116172,14409],{"class":62},[56,116174,251],{"class":70},[56,116176,2218],{"class":74},[56,116178,13628],{"class":70},[56,116180,13631],{"class":101},[56,116182,115],{"class":70},[56,116184,56422],{"class":74},[56,116186,238],{"class":70},[56,116188,116189],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116190,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116192,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116194,112],{"class":111},[56,116196,115],{"class":70},[56,116198,12216],{"class":101},[56,116200,120],{"class":70},[56,116202,115925],{"class":123},[56,116204,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116206,112],{"class":111},[56,116208,115],{"class":70},[56,116210,14409],{"class":101},[56,116212,120],{"class":70},[56,116214,116215],{"class":123},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116217,116218,116219,4480,116221,116224],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116220,56526],{},[15,116222,116223],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116226,116227,116228,98],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[36,116229,44016],{"href":12148},[42,116231,116233],{"id":116232},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116235,15268,116236,116238],{},[540,116237,115798],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116240,2205],{},[143,116242,116243,116245,116248],{},[146,116244,116005],{},[146,116246,116247],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[146,116249,116250],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116252,163],{},[47,116254,116256],{"className":49,"code":116255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116257,116258,116264,116268,116294,116312,116316,116334,116338,116350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116259,116260,116262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116261,35171],{"class":3965},[56,116263,115816],{"class":62},[56,116265,116266],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116267,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116269,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116271,12169],{"class":62},[56,116273,67],{"class":66},[56,116275,56369],{"class":70},[56,116277,75],{"class":74},[56,116279,78],{"class":70},[56,116281,81],{"class":74},[56,116283,18142],{"class":70},[56,116285,71],{"class":70},[56,116287,901],{"class":74},[56,116289,78],{"class":70},[56,116291,2554],{"class":74},[56,116293,53323],{"class":70},[56,116295,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116297,14390],{"class":62},[56,116299,67],{"class":66},[56,116301,115856],{"class":62},[56,116303,98],{"class":70},[56,116305,115880],{"class":101},[56,116307,115],{"class":70},[56,116309,12216],{"class":101},[56,116311,238],{"class":70},[56,116313,116314],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116315,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116317,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330,116332],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116319,14409],{"class":62},[56,116321,251],{"class":70},[56,116323,2218],{"class":74},[56,116325,13628],{"class":70},[56,116327,13631],{"class":101},[56,116329,115],{"class":70},[56,116331,56422],{"class":74},[56,116333,238],{"class":70},[56,116335,116336],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116337,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116339,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,116341,112],{"class":111},[56,116343,115],{"class":70},[56,116345,12216],{"class":101},[56,116347,120],{"class":70},[56,116349,116097],{"class":123},[56,116351,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,116353,112],{"class":111},[56,116355,115],{"class":70},[56,116357,14409],{"class":101},[56,116359,120],{"class":70},[56,116361,116215],{"class":123},[20,116363,116364,116365,116367,116368,98],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116366,116223],{}," does not change ",[15,116369,56526],{},[42,116371,116373],{"id":116372},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116375,116376],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116378,116379],{},"Common reasons:",[143,116381,116382,116385,116388,116394],{},[146,116383,116384],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[146,116386,116387],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[146,116389,116390,116391,116393],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116392,67],{}," does not make a copy",[146,116395,116396],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116398,116399,116400,116402],{},"For example, this does ",[540,116401,931],{}," create a copy:",[47,116404,116406],{"className":49,"code":116405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116407,116408,116428,116436,116440,116454,116458,116470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116411,12169],{"class":62},[56,116413,67],{"class":66},[56,116415,71],{"class":70},[56,116417,75],{"class":74},[56,116419,78],{"class":70},[56,116421,81],{"class":74},[56,116423,78],{"class":70},[56,116425,86],{"class":74},[56,116427,89],{"class":70},[56,116429,116430,116432,116434],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116431,14390],{"class":62},[56,116433,67],{"class":66},[56,116435,12207],{"class":62},[56,116437,116438],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116439,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116441,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116443,14409],{"class":62},[56,116445,98],{"class":70},[56,116447,13631],{"class":101},[56,116449,115],{"class":70},[56,116451,2602],{"class":74},[56,116453,238],{"class":70},[56,116455,116456],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116457,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116459,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116461,112],{"class":111},[56,116463,115],{"class":70},[56,116465,12216],{"class":101},[56,116467,120],{"class":70},[56,116469,55777],{"class":123},[56,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116473,112],{"class":111},[56,116475,115],{"class":70},[56,116477,14409],{"class":101},[56,116479,120],{"class":70},[56,116481,116482],{"class":123},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116484,116485],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[42,116487,116489],{"id":116488},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116491,116492],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1030,116494,116496],{"id":116495},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116498,116499],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[47,116501,116503],{"className":49,"code":116502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116504,116505,116531,116539,116543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116506,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116508,12169],{"class":62},[56,116510,67],{"class":66},[56,116512,56369],{"class":70},[56,116514,75],{"class":74},[56,116516,78],{"class":70},[56,116518,81],{"class":74},[56,116520,18142],{"class":70},[56,116522,71],{"class":70},[56,116524,901],{"class":74},[56,116526,78],{"class":70},[56,116528,2554],{"class":74},[56,116530,53323],{"class":70},[56,116532,116533,116535,116537],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116534,14181],{"class":62},[56,116536,67],{"class":66},[56,116538,12207],{"class":62},[56,116540,116541],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116542,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116546,112],{"class":111},[56,116548,115],{"class":70},[56,116550,12169],{"class":101},[56,116552,12277],{"class":3965},[56,116554,14249],{"class":101},[56,116556,120],{"class":70},[56,116558,3754],{"class":123},[20,116560,116561],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1030,116563,116565],{"id":116564},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116567,116568],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[47,116570,116572],{"className":49,"code":116571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116573,116574,116600,116614,116618,116635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116575,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116577,12169],{"class":62},[56,116579,67],{"class":66},[56,116581,56369],{"class":70},[56,116583,75],{"class":74},[56,116585,78],{"class":70},[56,116587,81],{"class":74},[56,116589,18142],{"class":70},[56,116591,71],{"class":70},[56,116593,901],{"class":74},[56,116595,78],{"class":70},[56,116597,2554],{"class":74},[56,116599,53323],{"class":70},[56,116601,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116603,115851],{"class":62},[56,116605,67],{"class":66},[56,116607,12244],{"class":62},[56,116609,98],{"class":70},[56,116611,12992],{"class":101},[56,116613,105],{"class":70},[56,116615,116616],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116617,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116631,116633],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116621,112],{"class":111},[56,116623,115],{"class":70},[56,116625,12169],{"class":101},[56,116627,12277],{"class":3965},[56,116629,116630],{"class":101}," shallow",[56,116632,120],{"class":70},[56,116634,21281],{"class":123},[56,116636,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116638,112],{"class":111},[56,116640,115],{"class":70},[56,116642,12216],{"class":101},[56,116644,251],{"class":70},[56,116646,2218],{"class":74},[56,116648,13351],{"class":70},[56,116650,8187],{"class":3965},[56,116652,116630],{"class":101},[56,116654,251],{"class":70},[56,116656,2218],{"class":74},[56,116658,20526],{"class":70},[56,116660,3754],{"class":123},[1030,116662,116664],{"id":116663},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116666,116667],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[47,116669,116671],{"className":49,"code":116670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116672,116673,116679,116683,116709,116727,116731,116749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116674,116675,116677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116676,35171],{"class":3965},[56,116678,115816],{"class":62},[56,116680,116681],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116682,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116686,12169],{"class":62},[56,116688,67],{"class":66},[56,116690,56369],{"class":70},[56,116692,75],{"class":74},[56,116694,78],{"class":70},[56,116696,81],{"class":74},[56,116698,18142],{"class":70},[56,116700,71],{"class":70},[56,116702,901],{"class":74},[56,116704,78],{"class":70},[56,116706,2554],{"class":74},[56,116708,53323],{"class":70},[56,116710,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116712,115871],{"class":62},[56,116714,67],{"class":66},[56,116716,115856],{"class":62},[56,116718,98],{"class":70},[56,116720,115880],{"class":101},[56,116722,115],{"class":70},[56,116724,12216],{"class":101},[56,116726,238],{"class":70},[56,116728,116729],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116730,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116732,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116744,116746],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116734,112],{"class":111},[56,116736,115],{"class":70},[56,116738,12169],{"class":101},[56,116740,12277],{"class":3965},[56,116742,116743],{"class":101}," deep",[56,116745,120],{"class":70},[56,116747,116748],{"class":123},"         # False\n",[56,116750,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116752,112],{"class":111},[56,116754,115],{"class":70},[56,116756,12216],{"class":101},[56,116758,251],{"class":70},[56,116760,2218],{"class":74},[56,116762,13351],{"class":70},[56,116764,8187],{"class":3965},[56,116766,116743],{"class":101},[56,116768,251],{"class":70},[56,116770,2218],{"class":74},[56,116772,20526],{"class":70},[56,116774,43952],{"class":123},[42,116776,116778],{"id":116777},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116780,116781,116782,141],{},"These all make ",[540,116783,116784],{},"shallow copies",[143,116786,116787,116791,116795,116800,116806],{},[146,116788,116789],{},[15,116790,55677],{},[146,116792,116793],{},[15,116794,12518],{},[146,116796,116797],{},[15,116798,116799],{},"set.copy()",[146,116801,116802,116803],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116804,116805],{},"my_list[:]",[146,116807,116808,116810,116811,35161],{},[15,116809,115958],{}," from the ",[15,116812,12992],{},[20,116814,2224],{},[47,116816,116818],{"className":49,"code":116817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116819,116820,116840,116844,116858,116869,116873,116885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116823,63],{"class":62},[56,116825,67],{"class":66},[56,116827,71],{"class":70},[56,116829,75],{"class":74},[56,116831,78],{"class":70},[56,116833,81],{"class":74},[56,116835,78],{"class":70},[56,116837,86],{"class":74},[56,116839,89],{"class":70},[56,116841,116842],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116843,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116845,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116847,2652],{"class":62},[56,116849,67],{"class":66},[56,116851,850],{"class":62},[56,116853,98],{"class":70},[56,116855,12992],{"class":101},[56,116857,105],{"class":70},[56,116859,116860,116862,116864,116866],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116861,2680],{"class":62},[56,116863,67],{"class":66},[56,116865,850],{"class":62},[56,116867,116868],{"class":70},"[:]\n",[56,116870,116871],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116872,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116874,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116876,112],{"class":111},[56,116878,115],{"class":70},[56,116880,36],{"class":101},[56,116882,120],{"class":70},[56,116884,55011],{"class":123},[56,116886,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,116888,112],{"class":111},[56,116890,115],{"class":70},[56,116892,194],{"class":101},[56,116894,120],{"class":70},[56,116896,55011],{"class":123},[20,116898,73213,116899,47614,116903,98],{},[36,116900,116901,1384],{"href":1987},[15,116902,55677],{},[36,116904,116905,1384],{"href":12515},[15,116906,12518],{},[42,116908,116910],{"id":116909},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116912,116913],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[143,116915,116916,116919,116922],{},[146,116917,116918],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[146,116920,116921],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[146,116923,116924],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116926,116927],{},"Example with a flat list:",[47,116929,116931],{"className":49,"code":116930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116932,116933,116953,116967,116971,116985,116989,117001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116934,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116936,12169],{"class":62},[56,116938,67],{"class":66},[56,116940,71],{"class":70},[56,116942,75],{"class":74},[56,116944,78],{"class":70},[56,116946,81],{"class":74},[56,116948,78],{"class":70},[56,116950,86],{"class":74},[56,116952,89],{"class":70},[56,116954,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,116956,14390],{"class":62},[56,116958,67],{"class":66},[56,116960,12244],{"class":62},[56,116962,98],{"class":70},[56,116964,12992],{"class":101},[56,116966,105],{"class":70},[56,116968,116969],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,116970,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116972,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981,116983],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,116974,14409],{"class":62},[56,116976,98],{"class":70},[56,116978,13631],{"class":101},[56,116980,115],{"class":70},[56,116982,2602],{"class":74},[56,116984,238],{"class":70},[56,116986,116987],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,116988,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,116990,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,116992,112],{"class":111},[56,116994,115],{"class":70},[56,116996,12216],{"class":101},[56,116998,120],{"class":70},[56,117000,55011],{"class":123},[56,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,117004,112],{"class":111},[56,117006,115],{"class":70},[56,117008,14409],{"class":101},[56,117010,120],{"class":70},[56,117012,116482],{"class":123},[20,117014,117015],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117017,117018,117019,98],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[36,117020,14967],{"href":57294},[42,117022,117024],{"id":117023},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117026,117027],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[143,117029,117030,117033,117036],{},[146,117031,117032],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[146,117034,117035],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[146,117037,117038],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117040,117041],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[47,117043,117045],{"className":49,"code":117044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117046,117047,117053,117057,117083,117097,117115,117119,117141,117145,117158,117171],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117048,117049,117051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117050,35171],{"class":3965},[56,117052,115816],{"class":62},[56,117054,117055],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117056,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117058,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117060,12169],{"class":62},[56,117062,67],{"class":66},[56,117064,10579],{"class":70},[56,117066,181],{"class":180},[56,117068,16469],{"class":184},[56,117070,181],{"class":180},[56,117072,141],{"class":70},[56,117074,71],{"class":70},[56,117076,444],{"class":74},[56,117078,78],{"class":70},[56,117080,449],{"class":74},[56,117082,13784],{"class":70},[56,117084,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,117086,115851],{"class":62},[56,117088,67],{"class":66},[56,117090,12244],{"class":62},[56,117092,98],{"class":70},[56,117094,12992],{"class":101},[56,117096,105],{"class":70},[56,117098,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,117100,115871],{"class":62},[56,117102,67],{"class":66},[56,117104,115856],{"class":62},[56,117106,98],{"class":70},[56,117108,115880],{"class":101},[56,117110,115],{"class":70},[56,117112,12216],{"class":101},[56,117114,238],{"class":70},[56,117116,117117],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,117118,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,117122,12216],{"class":62},[56,117124,251],{"class":70},[56,117126,181],{"class":180},[56,117128,16469],{"class":184},[56,117130,181],{"class":180},[56,117132,13628],{"class":70},[56,117134,13631],{"class":101},[56,117136,115],{"class":70},[56,117138,36920],{"class":74},[56,117140,238],{"class":70},[56,117142,117143],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,117144,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117146,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,117148,112],{"class":111},[56,117150,115],{"class":70},[56,117152,12216],{"class":101},[56,117154,120],{"class":70},[56,117156,117157],{"class":123},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,117159,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168],{"class":58,"line":6525},[56,117161,112],{"class":111},[56,117163,115],{"class":70},[56,117165,115934],{"class":101},[56,117167,120],{"class":70},[56,117169,117170],{"class":123},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,117172,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181],{"class":58,"line":11681},[56,117174,112],{"class":111},[56,117176,115],{"class":70},[56,117178,115948],{"class":101},[56,117180,120],{"class":70},[56,117182,117183],{"class":123},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117185,117186],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[42,117188,117190],{"id":117189},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117192,117193],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[143,117195,117196,117199,117202,117205],{},[146,117197,117198],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[146,117200,117201],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[146,117203,117204],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[146,117206,117207],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117209,117210],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[47,117212,117214],{"className":49,"code":117213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117215,117216,117224,117232,117236,117244,117248,117260],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117217,117218,117220,117222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117219,2652],{"class":62},[56,117221,67],{"class":66},[56,117223,2685],{"class":74},[56,117225,117226,117228,117230],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117227,2680],{"class":62},[56,117229,67],{"class":66},[56,117231,36255],{"class":62},[56,117233,117234],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117235,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117237,117238,117240,117242],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,117239,2680],{"class":62},[56,117241,67],{"class":66},[56,117243,14693],{"class":74},[56,117245,117246],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,117247,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117249,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,117251,112],{"class":111},[56,117253,115],{"class":70},[56,117255,36],{"class":101},[56,117257,120],{"class":70},[56,117259,26877],{"class":123},[56,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,117263,112],{"class":111},[56,117265,115],{"class":70},[56,117267,194],{"class":101},[56,117269,120],{"class":70},[56,117271,27698],{"class":123},[20,117273,93430,117274,117277],{},[36,117275,117276],{"href":12148},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[42,117279,1418],{"id":1417},[20,117281,117282],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[143,117284,117285,117289,117294,117299,117302],{},[146,117286,1441,117287,56858],{},[15,117288,67],{},[146,117290,1441,117291,117293],{},[15,117292,55677],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[146,117295,1441,117296,117298],{},[15,117297,12518],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[146,117300,117301],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[146,117303,117304],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117306,117307],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[47,117309,117311],{"className":49,"code":117310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117312,117313,117327,117341,117363,117394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117314,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117316,112],{"class":111},[56,117318,115],{"class":70},[56,117320,12169],{"class":101},[56,117322,12277],{"class":3965},[56,117324,14463],{"class":101},[56,117326,238],{"class":70},[56,117328,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117330,112],{"class":111},[56,117332,115],{"class":70},[56,117334,12169],{"class":101},[56,117336,4776],{"class":66},[56,117338,14463],{"class":101},[56,117340,238],{"class":70},[56,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117344,112],{"class":111},[56,117346,115],{"class":70},[56,117348,12731],{"class":111},[56,117350,115],{"class":70},[56,117352,12216],{"class":101},[56,117354,9321],{"class":70},[56,117356,14895],{"class":111},[56,117358,115],{"class":70},[56,117360,14409],{"class":101},[56,117362,1553],{"class":70},[56,117364,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,117366,112],{"class":111},[56,117368,115],{"class":70},[56,117370,12731],{"class":111},[56,117372,115],{"class":70},[56,117374,12216],{"class":101},[56,117376,251],{"class":70},[56,117378,2218],{"class":74},[56,117380,117381],{"class":70},"]),",[56,117383,14895],{"class":111},[56,117385,115],{"class":70},[56,117387,14409],{"class":101},[56,117389,251],{"class":70},[56,117391,2218],{"class":74},[56,117393,3097],{"class":70},[56,117395,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,117397,112],{"class":111},[56,117399,115],{"class":70},[56,117401,1546],{"class":1545},[56,117403,115],{"class":70},[56,117405,12216],{"class":101},[56,117407,1553],{"class":70},[20,117409,117410],{},"What they tell you:",[143,117412,117413,117418,117423,117428,117438],{},[146,117414,117415,117417],{},[15,117416,12277],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[146,117419,117420,117422],{},[15,117421,4776],{}," checks whether values are equal",[146,117424,117425,117427],{},[15,117426,43568],{}," shows the identity of an object",[146,117429,117430,117431,4480,117434,117437],{},"comparing ",[15,117432,117433],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117435,117436],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[146,117439,117440,117442],{},[15,117441,2399],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[42,117444,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,117446,117448],{"id":117447},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117450,117451],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1030,117453,57344],{"id":57259},[20,117455,117456],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1030,117458,117460],{"id":117459},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117462,117463],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1030,117465,117467],{"id":117466},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117469,117470],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1030,117472,117474],{"id":117473},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117476,117477],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[42,117479,1996],{"id":1995},[143,117481,117482,117487,117493,117499,117503],{},[146,117483,117484],{},[36,117485,117486],{"href":12148},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[146,117488,117489],{},[36,117490,2009,117491,1384],{"href":1987},[15,117492,55677],{},[146,117494,117495],{},[36,117496,2009,117497,1384],{"href":12515},[15,117498,12518],{},[146,117500,117501],{},[36,117502,15044],{"href":57294},[146,117504,117505],{},[36,117506,117507],{"href":58569},"What is a list in Python?",[2028,117509,117510],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":117512},[117513,117514,117515,117516,117517,117518,117523,117524,117525,117526,117527,117528,117535],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":115968,"depth":92,"text":115969},{"id":115989,"depth":92,"text":115990},{"id":116232,"depth":92,"text":116233},{"id":116372,"depth":92,"text":116373},{"id":116488,"depth":92,"text":116489,"children":117519},[117520,117521,117522],{"id":116495,"depth":108,"text":116496},{"id":116564,"depth":108,"text":116565},{"id":116663,"depth":108,"text":116664},{"id":116777,"depth":92,"text":116778},{"id":116909,"depth":92,"text":116910},{"id":117023,"depth":92,"text":117024},{"id":117189,"depth":92,"text":117190},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":117529},[117530,117531,117532,117533,117534],{"id":117447,"depth":108,"text":117448},{"id":57259,"depth":108,"text":57344},{"id":117459,"depth":108,"text":117460},{"id":117466,"depth":108,"text":117467},{"id":117473,"depth":108,"text":117474},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115769,"description":117536},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117542,"title":117543,"body":117544,"description":119401,"extension":2062,"meta":119402,"navigation":600,"path":119403,"seo":119404,"stem":119405,"__hash__":119406},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117545,"toc":119359},[117546,117551,117556,117564,117566,117634,117639,117644,117659,117662,117664,117695,117697,117717,117720,117735,117737,117740,117813,117815,117860,117862,117873,117878,117882,117887,117890,117929,117931,117951,117954,118011,118013,118048,118051,118090,118092,118112,118115,118146,118148,118204,118206,118211,118282,118284,118317,118322,118327,118392,118394,118431,118434,118511,118513,118573,118580,118585,118588,118591,118672,118674,118715,118720,118723,118801,118803,118836,118845,118852,118855,118866,118869,118880,118884,118892,118901,118905,118910,118914,118919,118962,118965,118971,118974,118976,119023,119028,119032,119035,119084,119086,119107,119110,119112,119137,119140,119261,119266,119268,119273,119276,119281,119284,119292,119297,119304,119307,119315,119318,119320,119356],[10,117547,2009,117549,3673],{"id":117548},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117550,1024],{},[20,117552,117553,117555],{},[15,117554,1024],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117557,117558,117559,2287,117561,117563],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117560,77786],{},[15,117562,1024],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[42,117565,45],{"id":44},[47,117567,117569],{"className":49,"code":117568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117570,117571,117591,117605,117609,117621],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117572,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117574,63],{"class":62},[56,117576,67],{"class":66},[56,117578,71],{"class":70},[56,117580,901],{"class":74},[56,117582,78],{"class":70},[56,117584,910],{"class":74},[56,117586,78],{"class":70},[56,117588,81],{"class":74},[56,117590,89],{"class":70},[56,117592,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117594,1156],{"class":62},[56,117596,67],{"class":66},[56,117598,1161],{"class":111},[56,117600,115],{"class":70},[56,117602,95],{"class":101},[56,117604,238],{"class":70},[56,117606,117607],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117608,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117610,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,117612,112],{"class":111},[56,117614,115],{"class":70},[56,117616,1190],{"class":101},[56,117618,120],{"class":70},[56,117620,55764],{"class":123},[56,117622,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,117624,112],{"class":111},[56,117626,115],{"class":70},[56,117628,95],{"class":101},[56,117630,120],{"class":70},[56,117632,117633],{"class":123},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117635,117636,117638],{},[15,117637,1024],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[42,117640,133,117642,136],{"id":117641},"what-sorted-does",[15,117643,1024],{},[143,117645,117646,117650,117653,117656],{},[146,117647,117648,63000],{},[15,117649,1024],{},[146,117651,117652],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[146,117654,117655],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[146,117657,117658],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117660,117661],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[42,117663,289],{"id":288},[47,117665,117667],{"className":49,"code":117666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117668,117669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117670,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117672,1116],{"class":111},[56,117674,115],{"class":70},[56,117676,3810],{"class":101},[56,117678,78],{"class":70},[56,117680,21660],{"class":9263},[56,117682,67],{"class":66},[56,117684,157],{"class":893},[56,117686,78],{"class":70},[56,117688,77989],{"class":9263},[56,117690,67],{"class":66},[56,117692,3764],{"class":893},[56,117694,238],{"class":70},[1030,117696,17476],{"id":17475},[143,117698,117699,117704,117709],{},[146,117700,117701,117703],{},[15,117702,3810],{},": the values to sort",[146,117705,117706,117708],{},[15,117707,14920],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[146,117710,117711,117713,117714,117716],{},[15,117712,102],{},": set to ",[15,117715,3698],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117718,117719],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[47,117721,117723],{"className":49,"code":117722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117724,117725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117726,117727,117729,117731,117733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117728,1116],{"class":111},[56,117730,115],{"class":70},[56,117732,60383],{"class":101},[56,117734,238],{"class":70},[42,117736,425],{"id":424},[20,117738,117739],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[47,117741,117743],{"className":49,"code":117742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117744,117745,117769,117773,117788,117792,117803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117746,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117748,63],{"class":62},[56,117750,67],{"class":66},[56,117752,71],{"class":70},[56,117754,2235],{"class":74},[56,117756,78],{"class":70},[56,117758,81],{"class":74},[56,117760,78],{"class":70},[56,117762,6450],{"class":74},[56,117764,78],{"class":70},[56,117766,910],{"class":74},[56,117768,89],{"class":70},[56,117770,117771],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117772,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117774,117775,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117776,117777],{"class":62},"sorted_numbers ",[56,117779,67],{"class":66},[56,117781,1161],{"class":111},[56,117783,115],{"class":70},[56,117785,95],{"class":101},[56,117787,238],{"class":70},[56,117789,117790],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,117791,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,117793,117794,117796,117798,117801],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,117795,112],{"class":111},[56,117797,115],{"class":70},[56,117799,117800],{"class":101},"sorted_numbers",[56,117802,238],{"class":70},[56,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,117806,112],{"class":111},[56,117808,115],{"class":70},[56,117810,95],{"class":101},[56,117812,238],{"class":70},[20,117814,241],{},[47,117816,117818],{"className":49,"code":117817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117819,117820,117840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117821,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117823,251],{"class":70},[56,117825,75],{"class":74},[56,117827,78],{"class":70},[56,117829,81],{"class":74},[56,117831,78],{"class":70},[56,117833,4693],{"class":74},[56,117835,78],{"class":70},[56,117837,6450],{"class":74},[56,117839,89],{"class":70},[56,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117843,251],{"class":70},[56,117845,2235],{"class":74},[56,117847,78],{"class":70},[56,117849,81],{"class":74},[56,117851,78],{"class":70},[56,117853,6450],{"class":74},[56,117855,78],{"class":70},[56,117857,910],{"class":74},[56,117859,89],{"class":70},[20,117861,13841],{},[143,117863,117864,117869],{},[146,117865,117866,117868],{},[15,117867,117800],{}," is a new sorted list",[146,117870,117871,112405],{},[15,117872,95],{},[20,117874,117875,117876,98],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[36,117877,78296],{"href":78295},[42,117879,117881],{"id":117880},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117883,117884,117886],{},[15,117885,1024],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1030,117888,117889],{"id":1644},"List",[47,117891,117893],{"className":49,"code":117892,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117894,117895,117915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117896,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117898,63],{"class":62},[56,117900,67],{"class":66},[56,117902,71],{"class":70},[56,117904,901],{"class":74},[56,117906,78],{"class":70},[56,117908,910],{"class":74},[56,117910,78],{"class":70},[56,117912,81],{"class":74},[56,117914,89],{"class":70},[56,117916,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117918,112],{"class":111},[56,117920,115],{"class":70},[56,117922,1116],{"class":111},[56,117924,115],{"class":70},[56,117926,95],{"class":101},[56,117928,1553],{"class":70},[20,117930,241],{},[47,117932,117933],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,117934,117935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117936,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117938,251],{"class":70},[56,117940,75],{"class":74},[56,117942,78],{"class":70},[56,117944,81],{"class":74},[56,117946,78],{"class":70},[56,117948,86],{"class":74},[56,117950,89],{"class":70},[1030,117952,117953],{"id":49034},"Tuple",[47,117955,117957],{"className":49,"code":117956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117958,117959,117979,117993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117960,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117962,3912],{"class":62},[56,117964,67],{"class":66},[56,117966,9324],{"class":70},[56,117968,901],{"class":74},[56,117970,78],{"class":70},[56,117972,910],{"class":74},[56,117974,78],{"class":70},[56,117976,81],{"class":74},[56,117978,238],{"class":70},[56,117980,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,117982,112],{"class":111},[56,117984,115],{"class":70},[56,117986,1116],{"class":111},[56,117988,115],{"class":70},[56,117990,5448],{"class":101},[56,117992,1553],{"class":70},[56,117994,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,117996,112],{"class":111},[56,117998,115],{"class":70},[56,118000,1546],{"class":1545},[56,118002,115],{"class":70},[56,118004,1116],{"class":111},[56,118006,115],{"class":70},[56,118008,5448],{"class":101},[56,118010,3010],{"class":70},[20,118012,241],{},[47,118014,118016],{"className":49,"code":118015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118017,118018,118034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118019,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118021,251],{"class":70},[56,118023,75],{"class":74},[56,118025,78],{"class":70},[56,118027,81],{"class":74},[56,118029,78],{"class":70},[56,118031,86],{"class":74},[56,118033,89],{"class":70},[56,118035,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118037,1635],{"class":66},[56,118039,1639],{"class":1638},[56,118041,263],{"class":180},[56,118043,1644],{"class":184},[56,118045,254],{"class":180},[56,118047,1649],{"class":66},[1030,118049,118050],{"id":6377},"Set",[47,118052,118054],{"className":49,"code":118053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118055,118056,118076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118057,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118059,3912],{"class":62},[56,118061,67],{"class":66},[56,118063,10579],{"class":70},[56,118065,901],{"class":74},[56,118067,78],{"class":70},[56,118069,910],{"class":74},[56,118071,78],{"class":70},[56,118073,81],{"class":74},[56,118075,9397],{"class":70},[56,118077,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118079,112],{"class":111},[56,118081,115],{"class":70},[56,118083,1116],{"class":111},[56,118085,115],{"class":70},[56,118087,5448],{"class":101},[56,118089,1553],{"class":70},[20,118091,241],{},[47,118093,118094],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118095,118096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118097,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118099,251],{"class":70},[56,118101,75],{"class":74},[56,118103,78],{"class":70},[56,118105,81],{"class":74},[56,118107,78],{"class":70},[56,118109,86],{"class":74},[56,118111,89],{"class":70},[1030,118113,118114],{"id":61250},"String",[47,118116,118118],{"className":49,"code":118117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118119,118120,118132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118121,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118123,1466],{"class":62},[56,118125,67],{"class":66},[56,118127,191],{"class":180},[56,118129,51],{"class":184},[56,118131,1476],{"class":180},[56,118133,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118135,112],{"class":111},[56,118137,115],{"class":70},[56,118139,1116],{"class":111},[56,118141,115],{"class":70},[56,118143,1481],{"class":101},[56,118145,1553],{"class":70},[20,118147,241],{},[47,118149,118150],{"className":49,"code":79313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118151,118152],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118153,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118155,251],{"class":70},[56,118157,254],{"class":180},[56,118159,60514],{"class":184},[56,118161,254],{"class":180},[56,118163,78],{"class":70},[56,118165,263],{"class":180},[56,118167,75949],{"class":184},[56,118169,254],{"class":180},[56,118171,78],{"class":70},[56,118173,263],{"class":180},[56,118175,60549],{"class":184},[56,118177,254],{"class":180},[56,118179,78],{"class":70},[56,118181,263],{"class":180},[56,118183,20],{"class":184},[56,118185,254],{"class":180},[56,118187,78],{"class":70},[56,118189,263],{"class":180},[56,118191,63361],{"class":184},[56,118193,254],{"class":180},[56,118195,78],{"class":70},[56,118197,263],{"class":180},[56,118199,11831],{"class":184},[56,118201,254],{"class":180},[56,118203,89],{"class":70},[1030,118205,29304],{"id":15684},[20,118207,63614,118208,118210],{},[15,118209,1024],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[47,118212,118214],{"className":49,"code":118213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118215,118216,118268],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118217,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118219,13282],{"class":62},[56,118221,67],{"class":66},[56,118223,10579],{"class":70},[56,118225,181],{"class":180},[56,118227,7759],{"class":184},[56,118229,181],{"class":180},[56,118231,141],{"class":70},[56,118233,191],{"class":180},[56,118235,12961],{"class":184},[56,118237,181],{"class":180},[56,118239,78],{"class":70},[56,118241,191],{"class":180},[56,118243,9387],{"class":184},[56,118245,181],{"class":180},[56,118247,141],{"class":70},[56,118249,449],{"class":74},[56,118251,78],{"class":70},[56,118253,191],{"class":180},[56,118255,10497],{"class":184},[56,118257,181],{"class":180},[56,118259,141],{"class":70},[56,118261,191],{"class":180},[56,118263,16111],{"class":184},[56,118265,181],{"class":180},[56,118267,9397],{"class":70},[56,118269,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118271,112],{"class":111},[56,118273,115],{"class":70},[56,118275,1116],{"class":111},[56,118277,115],{"class":70},[56,118279,17388],{"class":101},[56,118281,1553],{"class":70},[20,118283,241],{},[47,118285,118287],{"className":49,"code":118286,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118288,118289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118290,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118292,251],{"class":70},[56,118294,254],{"class":180},[56,118296,9387],{"class":184},[56,118298,254],{"class":180},[56,118300,78],{"class":70},[56,118302,263],{"class":180},[56,118304,10497],{"class":184},[56,118306,254],{"class":180},[56,118308,78],{"class":70},[56,118310,263],{"class":180},[56,118312,7759],{"class":184},[56,118314,254],{"class":180},[56,118316,89],{"class":70},[42,118318,1441,118320],{"id":118319},"using-reversetrue",[15,118321,78010],{},[20,118323,650,118324,118326],{},[15,118325,78010],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[47,118328,118330],{"className":49,"code":118329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118331,118332,118352,118356,118370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118333,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118335,63],{"class":62},[56,118337,67],{"class":66},[56,118339,71],{"class":70},[56,118341,901],{"class":74},[56,118343,78],{"class":70},[56,118345,910],{"class":74},[56,118347,78],{"class":70},[56,118349,81],{"class":74},[56,118351,89],{"class":70},[56,118353,118354],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118355,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,118357,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,118359,112],{"class":111},[56,118361,115],{"class":70},[56,118363,1116],{"class":111},[56,118365,115],{"class":70},[56,118367,95],{"class":101},[56,118369,1553],{"class":70},[56,118371,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,118373,112],{"class":111},[56,118375,115],{"class":70},[56,118377,1116],{"class":111},[56,118379,115],{"class":70},[56,118381,95],{"class":101},[56,118383,78],{"class":70},[56,118385,77989],{"class":9263},[56,118387,67],{"class":66},[56,118389,3698],{"class":893},[56,118391,1553],{"class":70},[20,118393,241],{},[47,118395,118397],{"className":49,"code":118396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118398,118399,118415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118402,251],{"class":70},[56,118404,75],{"class":74},[56,118406,78],{"class":70},[56,118408,81],{"class":74},[56,118410,78],{"class":70},[56,118412,86],{"class":74},[56,118414,89],{"class":70},[56,118416,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118418,251],{"class":70},[56,118420,901],{"class":74},[56,118422,78],{"class":70},[56,118424,81],{"class":74},[56,118426,78],{"class":70},[56,118428,910],{"class":74},[56,118430,89],{"class":70},[20,118432,118433],{},"This also works with strings:",[47,118435,118437],{"className":49,"code":118436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118438,118439,118471,118475,118489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118442,4159],{"class":62},[56,118444,67],{"class":66},[56,118446,71],{"class":70},[56,118448,181],{"class":180},[56,118450,562],{"class":184},[56,118452,181],{"class":180},[56,118454,78],{"class":70},[56,118456,191],{"class":180},[56,118458,571],{"class":184},[56,118460,181],{"class":180},[56,118462,78],{"class":70},[56,118464,191],{"class":180},[56,118466,580],{"class":184},[56,118468,181],{"class":180},[56,118470,89],{"class":70},[56,118472,118473],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118474,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,118478,112],{"class":111},[56,118480,115],{"class":70},[56,118482,1116],{"class":111},[56,118484,115],{"class":70},[56,118486,4200],{"class":101},[56,118488,1553],{"class":70},[56,118490,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,118492,112],{"class":111},[56,118494,115],{"class":70},[56,118496,1116],{"class":111},[56,118498,115],{"class":70},[56,118500,4200],{"class":101},[56,118502,78],{"class":70},[56,118504,77989],{"class":9263},[56,118506,67],{"class":66},[56,118508,3698],{"class":893},[56,118510,1553],{"class":70},[20,118512,241],{},[47,118514,118515],{"className":49,"code":744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,118516,118517,118545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118518,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118520,251],{"class":70},[56,118522,254],{"class":180},[56,118524,562],{"class":184},[56,118526,254],{"class":180},[56,118528,78],{"class":70},[56,118530,263],{"class":180},[56,118532,571],{"class":184},[56,118534,254],{"class":180},[56,118536,78],{"class":70},[56,118538,263],{"class":180},[56,118540,580],{"class":184},[56,118542,254],{"class":180},[56,118544,89],{"class":70},[56,118546,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118548,251],{"class":70},[56,118550,254],{"class":180},[56,118552,580],{"class":184},[56,118554,254],{"class":180},[56,118556,78],{"class":70},[56,118558,263],{"class":180},[56,118560,571],{"class":184},[56,118562,254],{"class":180},[56,118564,78],{"class":70},[56,118566,263],{"class":180},[56,118568,562],{"class":184},[56,118570,254],{"class":180},[56,118572,89],{"class":70},[42,118574,1441,118576,118579],{"id":118575},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118577,118578],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118581,2079,118582,118584],{},[15,118583,118578],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118586,118587],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118589,118590],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[47,118592,118594],{"className":49,"code":118593,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118595,118596,118636,118640,118662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118599,4159],{"class":62},[56,118601,67],{"class":66},[56,118603,71],{"class":70},[56,118605,181],{"class":180},[56,118607,78663],{"class":184},[56,118609,181],{"class":180},[56,118611,78],{"class":70},[56,118613,191],{"class":180},[56,118615,38437],{"class":184},[56,118617,181],{"class":180},[56,118619,78],{"class":70},[56,118621,191],{"class":180},[56,118623,571],{"class":184},[56,118625,181],{"class":180},[56,118627,78],{"class":70},[56,118629,191],{"class":180},[56,118631,38420],{"class":184},[56,118633,181],{"class":180},[56,118635,89],{"class":70},[56,118637,118638],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118639,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,118641,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,118643,1156],{"class":62},[56,118645,67],{"class":66},[56,118647,1161],{"class":111},[56,118649,115],{"class":70},[56,118651,4200],{"class":101},[56,118653,78],{"class":70},[56,118655,21660],{"class":9263},[56,118657,67],{"class":66},[56,118659,11250],{"class":111},[56,118661,238],{"class":70},[56,118663,118664,118666,118668,118670],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,118665,112],{"class":111},[56,118667,115],{"class":70},[56,118669,1190],{"class":101},[56,118671,238],{"class":70},[20,118673,241],{},[47,118675,118677],{"className":49,"code":118676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118678,118679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118682,251],{"class":70},[56,118684,254],{"class":180},[56,118686,38437],{"class":184},[56,118688,254],{"class":180},[56,118690,78],{"class":70},[56,118692,263],{"class":180},[56,118694,78663],{"class":184},[56,118696,254],{"class":180},[56,118698,78],{"class":70},[56,118700,263],{"class":180},[56,118702,38420],{"class":184},[56,118704,254],{"class":180},[56,118706,78],{"class":70},[56,118708,263],{"class":180},[56,118710,571],{"class":184},[56,118712,254],{"class":180},[56,118714,89],{"class":70},[20,118716,20851,118717,118719],{},[15,118718,11250],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118721,118722],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[47,118724,118726],{"className":49,"code":118725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118727,118728,118761,118765,118791],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118729,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118757,118759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118731,4159],{"class":62},[56,118733,67],{"class":66},[56,118735,71],{"class":70},[56,118737,181],{"class":180},[56,118739,83282],{"class":184},[56,118741,181],{"class":180},[56,118743,78],{"class":70},[56,118745,191],{"class":180},[56,118747,562],{"class":184},[56,118749,181],{"class":180},[56,118751,78],{"class":70},[56,118753,191],{"class":180},[56,118755,118756],{"class":184},"Cherry",[56,118758,181],{"class":180},[56,118760,89],{"class":70},[56,118762,118763],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118764,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,118766,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,118768,1156],{"class":62},[56,118770,67],{"class":66},[56,118772,1161],{"class":111},[56,118774,115],{"class":70},[56,118776,4200],{"class":101},[56,118778,78],{"class":70},[56,118780,21660],{"class":9263},[56,118782,67],{"class":66},[56,118784,3538],{"class":1545},[56,118786,98],{"class":70},[56,118788,8728],{"class":24831},[56,118790,238],{"class":70},[56,118792,118793,118795,118797,118799],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,118794,112],{"class":111},[56,118796,115],{"class":70},[56,118798,1190],{"class":101},[56,118800,238],{"class":70},[20,118802,241],{},[47,118804,118806],{"className":49,"code":118805,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118807,118808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118809,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118811,251],{"class":70},[56,118813,254],{"class":180},[56,118815,562],{"class":184},[56,118817,254],{"class":180},[56,118819,78],{"class":70},[56,118821,263],{"class":180},[56,118823,83282],{"class":184},[56,118825,254],{"class":180},[56,118827,78],{"class":70},[56,118829,263],{"class":180},[56,118831,118756],{"class":184},[56,118833,254],{"class":180},[56,118835,89],{"class":70},[20,118837,118838,118839,35410,118841,98],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118840,42440],{},[36,118842,2009,118843,2012],{"href":42437},[15,118844,42440],{},[42,118846,118848,1021,118850],{"id":118847},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118849,1024],{},[15,118851,77786],{},[20,118853,118854],{},"The main difference is this:",[143,118856,118857,118862],{},[146,118858,118859,118861],{},[15,118860,1024],{}," returns a new list",[146,118863,118864,535],{},[15,118865,77786],{},[20,118867,118868],{},"Also:",[143,118870,118871,118876],{},[146,118872,118873,118875],{},[15,118874,1024],{}," works with many iterables",[146,118877,118878,79219],{},[15,118879,77786],{},[20,118881,650,118882,10689],{},[15,118883,1024],{},[143,118885,118886,118889],{},[146,118887,118888],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[146,118890,118891],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118893,118894,118895,98],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[36,118896,2009,118897,1021,118899,5873],{"href":79044},[15,118898,1024],{},[15,118900,77786],{},[42,118902,118904],{"id":118903},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118906,118907,118908,98],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118909,1024],{},[1030,118911,118913],{"id":118912},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118915,118916,118917,141],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118918,3103],{},[47,118920,118922],{"className":49,"code":118921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118923,118924,118948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118925,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118927,3912],{"class":62},[56,118929,67],{"class":66},[56,118931,71],{"class":70},[56,118933,75],{"class":74},[56,118935,78],{"class":70},[56,118937,191],{"class":180},[56,118939,1097],{"class":184},[56,118941,181],{"class":180},[56,118943,78],{"class":70},[56,118945,86],{"class":74},[56,118947,89],{"class":70},[56,118949,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,118951,112],{"class":111},[56,118953,115],{"class":70},[56,118955,1116],{"class":111},[56,118957,115],{"class":70},[56,118959,5448],{"class":101},[56,118961,1553],{"class":70},[20,118963,118964],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1030,118966,118968,118969,2400],{"id":118967},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118970,14920],{},[20,118972,118973],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118975,163],{},[47,118977,118979],{"className":49,"code":118978,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118980,118981,119001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118984,63],{"class":62},[56,118986,67],{"class":66},[56,118988,71],{"class":70},[56,118990,444],{"class":74},[56,118992,78],{"class":70},[56,118994,81],{"class":74},[56,118996,78],{"class":70},[56,118998,454],{"class":74},[56,119000,89],{"class":70},[56,119002,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119004,112],{"class":111},[56,119006,115],{"class":70},[56,119008,1116],{"class":111},[56,119010,115],{"class":70},[56,119012,95],{"class":101},[56,119014,78],{"class":70},[56,119016,21660],{"class":9263},[56,119018,67],{"class":66},[56,119020,11250],{"class":111},[56,119022,1553],{"class":70},[20,119024,48591,119025,119027],{},[15,119026,42440],{}," does not work on integers.",[1030,119029,119031],{"id":119030},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119033,119034],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,119036,119038],{"className":49,"code":119037,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119039,119040,119060,119070,119074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119043,63],{"class":62},[56,119045,67],{"class":66},[56,119047,71],{"class":70},[56,119049,901],{"class":74},[56,119051,78],{"class":70},[56,119053,910],{"class":74},[56,119055,78],{"class":70},[56,119057,81],{"class":74},[56,119059,89],{"class":70},[56,119061,119062,119064,119066,119068],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119063,1116],{"class":111},[56,119065,115],{"class":70},[56,119067,95],{"class":101},[56,119069,238],{"class":70},[56,119071,119072],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119073,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119075,119076,119078,119080,119082],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119077,112],{"class":111},[56,119079,115],{"class":70},[56,119081,95],{"class":101},[56,119083,238],{"class":70},[20,119085,241],{},[47,119087,119089],{"className":49,"code":119088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119090,119091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119092,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119094,251],{"class":70},[56,119096,901],{"class":74},[56,119098,78],{"class":70},[56,119100,910],{"class":74},[56,119102,78],{"class":70},[56,119104,81],{"class":74},[56,119106,89],{"class":70},[20,119108,119109],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[42,119111,1418],{"id":1417},[143,119113,119114,119118,119121,119126,119130],{},[146,119115,4667,119116,535],{},[15,119117,1024],{},[146,119119,119120],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[146,119122,4792,119123,119125],{},[15,119124,1024],{}," always returns a list",[146,119127,1441,119128,23184],{},[15,119129,118578],{},[146,119131,29731,119132,119134,119135],{},[15,119133,1383],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119136,1024],{},[20,119138,119139],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[47,119141,119143],{"className":49,"code":119142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119144,119145,119167,119193,119231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119146,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119148,112],{"class":111},[56,119150,115],{"class":70},[56,119152,1116],{"class":111},[56,119154,3084],{"class":70},[56,119156,901],{"class":74},[56,119158,78],{"class":70},[56,119160,910],{"class":74},[56,119162,78],{"class":70},[56,119164,81],{"class":74},[56,119166,3097],{"class":70},[56,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119170,112],{"class":111},[56,119172,115],{"class":70},[56,119174,1546],{"class":1545},[56,119176,115],{"class":70},[56,119178,1116],{"class":111},[56,119180,5600],{"class":70},[56,119182,901],{"class":74},[56,119184,78],{"class":70},[56,119186,910],{"class":74},[56,119188,78],{"class":70},[56,119190,81],{"class":74},[56,119192,93286],{"class":70},[56,119194,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227,119229],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119196,112],{"class":111},[56,119198,115],{"class":70},[56,119200,1116],{"class":111},[56,119202,3084],{"class":70},[56,119204,254],{"class":180},[56,119206,83282],{"class":184},[56,119208,254],{"class":180},[56,119210,78],{"class":70},[56,119212,263],{"class":180},[56,119214,562],{"class":184},[56,119216,254],{"class":180},[56,119218,18142],{"class":70},[56,119220,21660],{"class":9263},[56,119222,67],{"class":66},[56,119224,3538],{"class":1545},[56,119226,98],{"class":70},[56,119228,8728],{"class":24831},[56,119230,1553],{"class":70},[56,119232,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119234,112],{"class":111},[56,119236,115],{"class":70},[56,119238,1116],{"class":111},[56,119240,3084],{"class":70},[56,119242,901],{"class":74},[56,119244,78],{"class":70},[56,119246,910],{"class":74},[56,119248,78],{"class":70},[56,119250,81],{"class":74},[56,119252,18142],{"class":70},[56,119254,77989],{"class":9263},[56,119256,67],{"class":66},[56,119258,3698],{"class":893},[56,119260,1553],{"class":70},[20,119262,119263,119264,98],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[36,119265,52853],{"href":51060},[42,119267,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,119269,1892,119271,57238],{"id":119270},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119272,1024],{},[20,119274,119275],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1030,119277,5230,119279,12797],{"id":119278},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119280,1024],{},[20,119282,119283],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1030,119285,119287,119288,11180,119290,1911],{"id":119286},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119289,1024],{},[15,119291,77786],{},[20,119293,650,119294,119296],{},[15,119295,1024],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1030,119298,5230,119300,86370,119302,1911],{"id":119299},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119301,118578],{},[15,119303,1024],{},[20,119305,119306],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1030,119308,5246,119310,119312,119313,1911],{"id":119309},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119311,1024],{}," give a ",[15,119314,3103],{},[20,119316,119317],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[42,119319,1996],{"id":1995},[143,119321,119322,119326,119334,119338,119344,119350],{},[146,119323,119324],{},[36,119325,79792],{"href":78295},[146,119327,119328],{},[36,119329,2009,119330,1021,119332,5873],{"href":79044},[15,119331,1024],{},[15,119333,77786],{},[146,119335,119336],{},[36,119337,52853],{"href":51060},[146,119339,119340],{},[36,119341,2009,119342,2012],{"href":42437},[15,119343,42440],{},[146,119345,119346],{},[36,119347,2009,119348,2012],{"href":91942},[15,119349,35830],{},[146,119351,119352],{},[36,119353,2009,119354,2012],{"href":36275},[15,119355,36278],{},[2028,119357,119358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":119360},[119361,119362,119364,119367,119368,119375,119377,119379,119381,119387,119388,119400],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":117641,"depth":92,"text":119363},"What sorted() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":119365},[119366],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":117880,"depth":92,"text":117881,"children":119369},[119370,119371,119372,119373,119374],{"id":1644,"depth":108,"text":117889},{"id":49034,"depth":108,"text":117953},{"id":6377,"depth":108,"text":118050},{"id":61250,"depth":108,"text":118114},{"id":15684,"depth":108,"text":29304},{"id":118319,"depth":92,"text":119376},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118575,"depth":92,"text":119378},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118847,"depth":92,"text":119380},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118903,"depth":92,"text":118904,"children":119382},[119383,119384,119386],{"id":118912,"depth":108,"text":118913},{"id":118967,"depth":108,"text":119385},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119030,"depth":108,"text":119031},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":119389},[119390,119392,119394,119396,119398],{"id":119270,"depth":108,"text":119391},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119278,"depth":108,"text":119393},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119286,"depth":108,"text":119395},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119299,"depth":108,"text":119397},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119309,"depth":108,"text":119399},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117543,"description":119401},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119408,"title":119409,"body":119410,"description":121521,"extension":2062,"meta":121522,"navigation":600,"path":79044,"seo":121523,"stem":121524,"__hash__":121525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119411,"toc":121468},[119412,119419,119422,119432,119438,119441,119459,119467,119469,119528,119536,119540,119562,119566,119570,119572,119589,119591,119603,119609,119693,119697,119744,119750,119757,119761,119766,119768,119780,119785,119838,119842,119862,119869,119876,119880,119883,119902,119906,120020,120024,120094,120096,120108,120113,120117,120130,120134,120209,120213,120252,120259,120265,120270,120274,120288,120292,120357,120361,120394,120397,120402,120410,120417,120430,120433,120437,120520,120524,120561,120565,120668,120672,120733,120738,120745,120749,120752,120758,120761,120828,120832,120856,120858,120876,120883,120936,120940,120960,120966,120968,121025,121032,121058,121063,121068,121076,121082,121142,121146,121193,121196,121198,121201,121227,121230,121323,121325,121345,121349,121352,121370,121376,121378,121386,121391,121398,121401,121407,121410,121416,121424,121432,121437,121439,121465],[10,119413,2009,119415,1021,119417,93000],{"id":119414},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119416,1024],{},[15,119418,77786],{},[20,119420,119421],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[143,119423,119424,119428],{},[146,119425,119426],{},[15,119427,1024],{},[146,119429,119430],{},[15,119431,77786],{},[20,119433,119434,119435,119437],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[540,119436,931],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119439,119440],{},"The main difference is simple:",[143,119442,119443,119451],{},[146,119444,650,119445,119447,119448],{},[15,119446,1024],{}," when you want a ",[540,119449,119450],{},"new sorted result",[146,119452,650,119453,119455,119456],{},[15,119454,77786],{}," when you want to ",[540,119457,119458],{},"change the original list",[20,119460,119461,119462,2494,119464,119466],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119463,77786],{},[15,119465,157],{}," and causes confusion.",[42,119468,45],{"id":44},[47,119470,119472],{"className":49,"code":119471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119473,119474,119494,119498,119515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119475,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490,119492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119477,63],{"class":62},[56,119479,67],{"class":66},[56,119481,71],{"class":70},[56,119483,901],{"class":74},[56,119485,78],{"class":70},[56,119487,910],{"class":74},[56,119489,78],{"class":70},[56,119491,81],{"class":74},[56,119493,89],{"class":70},[56,119495,119496],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119497,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119501,845],{"class":62},[56,119503,67],{"class":66},[56,119505,1161],{"class":111},[56,119507,115],{"class":70},[56,119509,95],{"class":101},[56,119511,120],{"class":70},[56,119513,119514],{"class":123},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[56,119516,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119518,95],{"class":62},[56,119520,98],{"class":70},[56,119522,34879],{"class":101},[56,119524,7456],{"class":70},[56,119526,119527],{"class":123},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119529,650,119530,119532,119533,119535],{},[15,119531,1024],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119534,77786],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[42,119537,119539],{"id":119538},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[143,119541,119542,119547,119552,119559],{},[146,119543,650,119544,119546],{},[15,119545,1024],{}," to get a new sorted list",[146,119548,650,119549,119551],{},[15,119550,77786],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[146,119553,119554,119555,2494,119557],{},"Understand why ",[15,119556,77786],{},[15,119558,157],{},[146,119560,119561],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[42,119563,133,119564,136],{"id":117641},[15,119565,1024],{},[20,119567,119568,63000],{},[15,119569,1024],{},[20,119571,49008],{},[143,119573,119574,119580,119586],{},[146,119575,119576,119577],{},"returns a ",[540,119578,119579],{},"new list",[146,119581,119582,119583,119585],{},"does ",[540,119584,931],{}," change the original data",[146,119587,119588],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119590,51214],{},[143,119592,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601],{},[146,119594,5389],{},[146,119596,5392],{},[146,119598,5398],{},[146,119600,5395],{},[146,119602,35991],{},[1030,119604,35158,119606,119608],{"id":119605},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119607,1024],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[47,119610,119612],{"className":49,"code":119611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119613,119614,119634,119638,119652,119656,119674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119615,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119617,63],{"class":62},[56,119619,67],{"class":66},[56,119621,71],{"class":70},[56,119623,901],{"class":74},[56,119625,78],{"class":70},[56,119627,910],{"class":74},[56,119629,78],{"class":70},[56,119631,81],{"class":74},[56,119633,89],{"class":70},[56,119635,119636],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119637,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119641,1156],{"class":62},[56,119643,67],{"class":66},[56,119645,1161],{"class":111},[56,119647,115],{"class":70},[56,119649,95],{"class":101},[56,119651,238],{"class":70},[56,119653,119654],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119655,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119657,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,119659,112],{"class":111},[56,119661,115],{"class":70},[56,119663,181],{"class":180},[56,119665,12237],{"class":184},[56,119667,181],{"class":180},[56,119669,78],{"class":70},[56,119671,850],{"class":101},[56,119673,238],{"class":70},[56,119675,119676,119678,119680,119682,119685,119687,119689,119691],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,119677,112],{"class":111},[56,119679,115],{"class":70},[56,119681,181],{"class":180},[56,119683,119684],{"class":184},"sorted result:",[56,119686,181],{"class":180},[56,119688,78],{"class":70},[56,119690,81136],{"class":101},[56,119692,238],{"class":70},[20,119694,119695],{},[540,119696,241],{},[47,119698,119700],{"className":49,"code":119699,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119701,119702,119722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119705,12216],{"class":62},[56,119707,141],{"class":70},[56,119709,71],{"class":70},[56,119711,901],{"class":74},[56,119713,78],{"class":70},[56,119715,910],{"class":74},[56,119717,78],{"class":70},[56,119719,81],{"class":74},[56,119721,89],{"class":70},[56,119723,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119725,1116],{"class":111},[56,119727,81136],{"class":62},[56,119729,141],{"class":70},[56,119731,71],{"class":70},[56,119733,75],{"class":74},[56,119735,78],{"class":70},[56,119737,81],{"class":74},[56,119739,78],{"class":70},[56,119741,86],{"class":74},[56,119743,89],{"class":70},[20,119745,119746,119747,119749],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119748,95],{}," stays the same.",[20,119751,119752,119753,98],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[36,119754,2009,119755,2012],{"href":1123},[15,119756,1024],{},[42,119758,133,119759,136],{"id":77852},[15,119760,77786],{},[20,119762,119763,119765],{},[15,119764,1383],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119767,49008],{},[143,119769,119770,119773,119776],{},[146,119771,119772],{},"changes the original list directly",[146,119774,119775],{},"only works on lists",[146,119777,3781,119778],{},[15,119779,157],{},[1030,119781,35158,119783,535],{"id":119782},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119784,77786],{},[47,119786,119788],{"className":49,"code":119787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119789,119790,119810,119814,119824,119828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119793,63],{"class":62},[56,119795,67],{"class":66},[56,119797,71],{"class":70},[56,119799,901],{"class":74},[56,119801,78],{"class":70},[56,119803,910],{"class":74},[56,119805,78],{"class":70},[56,119807,81],{"class":74},[56,119809,89],{"class":70},[56,119811,119812],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119813,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119815,119816,119818,119820,119822],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119817,95],{"class":62},[56,119819,98],{"class":70},[56,119821,34879],{"class":101},[56,119823,105],{"class":70},[56,119825,119826],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119827,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119829,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,119831,112],{"class":111},[56,119833,115],{"class":70},[56,119835,95],{"class":101},[56,119837,238],{"class":70},[20,119839,119840],{},[540,119841,241],{},[47,119843,119844],{"className":49,"code":55228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,119845,119846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119847,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119849,251],{"class":70},[56,119851,75],{"class":74},[56,119853,78],{"class":70},[56,119855,81],{"class":74},[56,119857,78],{"class":70},[56,119859,86],{"class":74},[56,119861,89],{"class":70},[20,119863,119864,119865,119868],{},"After calling ",[15,119866,119867],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119870,119871,119872,98],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[36,119873,2009,119874,1384],{"href":1379},[15,119875,77786],{},[42,119877,119879],{"id":119878},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119881,119882],{},"Here is the core difference:",[143,119884,119885,119894],{},[146,119886,119887,119890,119891],{},[15,119888,119889],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[540,119892,119893],{},"new sorted list",[146,119895,119896,119899,119900,925],{},[15,119897,119898],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119901,302],{},[1030,119903,119905],{"id":119904},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[47,119907,119909],{"className":49,"code":119908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119910,119911,119931,119935,119949,119968,119987,119991,120001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119912,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119914,63],{"class":62},[56,119916,67],{"class":66},[56,119918,71],{"class":70},[56,119920,2235],{"class":74},[56,119922,78],{"class":70},[56,119924,81],{"class":74},[56,119926,78],{"class":70},[56,119928,2554],{"class":74},[56,119930,89],{"class":70},[56,119932,119933],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,119934,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119936,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,119938,2652],{"class":62},[56,119940,67],{"class":66},[56,119942,1161],{"class":111},[56,119944,115],{"class":70},[56,119946,95],{"class":101},[56,119948,238],{"class":70},[56,119950,119951,119953,119955,119957,119960,119962,119964,119966],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,119952,112],{"class":111},[56,119954,115],{"class":70},[56,119956,181],{"class":180},[56,119958,119959],{"class":184},"numbers after sorted():",[56,119961,181],{"class":180},[56,119963,78],{"class":70},[56,119965,850],{"class":101},[56,119967,238],{"class":70},[56,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119979,119981,119983,119985],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,119971,112],{"class":111},[56,119973,115],{"class":70},[56,119975,181],{"class":180},[56,119977,119978],{"class":184},"a:",[56,119980,181],{"class":180},[56,119982,78],{"class":70},[56,119984,56962],{"class":101},[56,119986,238],{"class":70},[56,119988,119989],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,119990,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,119992,119993,119995,119997,119999],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,119994,95],{"class":62},[56,119996,98],{"class":70},[56,119998,34879],{"class":101},[56,120000,105],{"class":70},[56,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120012,120014,120016,120018],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,120004,112],{"class":111},[56,120006,115],{"class":70},[56,120008,181],{"class":180},[56,120010,120011],{"class":184},"numbers after sort():",[56,120013,181],{"class":180},[56,120015,78],{"class":70},[56,120017,850],{"class":101},[56,120019,238],{"class":70},[20,120021,120022],{},[540,120023,241],{},[47,120025,120027],{"className":49,"code":120026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120028,120029,120052,120072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120030,120031,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120032,120033],{"class":62},"numbers after ",[56,120035,1116],{"class":111},[56,120037,29665],{"class":70},[56,120039,71],{"class":70},[56,120041,2235],{"class":74},[56,120043,78],{"class":70},[56,120045,81],{"class":74},[56,120047,78],{"class":70},[56,120049,2554],{"class":74},[56,120051,89],{"class":70},[56,120053,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120055,36],{"class":62},[56,120057,141],{"class":70},[56,120059,71],{"class":70},[56,120061,1097],{"class":74},[56,120063,78],{"class":70},[56,120065,2554],{"class":74},[56,120067,78],{"class":70},[56,120069,4693],{"class":74},[56,120071,89],{"class":70},[56,120073,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120075,120033],{"class":62},[56,120077,34879],{"class":101},[56,120079,29665],{"class":70},[56,120081,71],{"class":70},[56,120083,1097],{"class":74},[56,120085,78],{"class":70},[56,120087,2554],{"class":74},[56,120089,78],{"class":70},[56,120091,4693],{"class":74},[56,120093,89],{"class":70},[20,120095,10801],{},[143,120097,120098,120103],{},[146,120099,120100,120102],{},[15,120101,1024],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[146,120104,120105,120107],{},[15,120106,1383],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[42,120109,1389,120111],{"id":120110},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120112,1024],{},[20,120114,650,120115,10689],{},[15,120116,1024],{},[143,120118,120119,120122,120124,120127],{},[146,120120,120121],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[146,120123,118891],{},[146,120125,120126],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[146,120128,120129],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1030,120131,120133],{"id":120132},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[47,120135,120137],{"className":49,"code":120136,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120138,120139,120163,120167,120181,120185,120195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120140,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120142,63],{"class":62},[56,120144,67],{"class":66},[56,120146,9324],{"class":70},[56,120148,2602],{"class":74},[56,120150,78],{"class":70},[56,120152,910],{"class":74},[56,120154,78],{"class":70},[56,120156,86],{"class":74},[56,120158,78],{"class":70},[56,120160,81],{"class":74},[56,120162,238],{"class":70},[56,120164,120165],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120166,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120168,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120170,1156],{"class":62},[56,120172,67],{"class":66},[56,120174,1161],{"class":111},[56,120176,115],{"class":70},[56,120178,95],{"class":101},[56,120180,238],{"class":70},[56,120182,120183],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120184,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120186,120187,120189,120191,120193],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120188,112],{"class":111},[56,120190,115],{"class":70},[56,120192,1190],{"class":101},[56,120194,238],{"class":70},[56,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,120198,112],{"class":111},[56,120200,115],{"class":70},[56,120202,1546],{"class":1545},[56,120204,115],{"class":70},[56,120206,1190],{"class":101},[56,120208,1553],{"class":70},[20,120210,120211],{},[540,120212,241],{},[47,120214,120216],{"className":49,"code":120215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120217,120218,120238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120219,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120221,251],{"class":70},[56,120223,75],{"class":74},[56,120225,78],{"class":70},[56,120227,81],{"class":74},[56,120229,78],{"class":70},[56,120231,86],{"class":74},[56,120233,78],{"class":70},[56,120235,2554],{"class":74},[56,120237,89],{"class":70},[56,120239,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120241,1635],{"class":66},[56,120243,1639],{"class":1638},[56,120245,263],{"class":180},[56,120247,1644],{"class":184},[56,120249,254],{"class":180},[56,120251,1649],{"class":66},[20,120253,2383,120254,120256,120257,98],{},[15,120255,1024],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[540,120258,1644],{},[20,120260,120261,120262,120264],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[36,120263,52853],{"href":51060}," is a helpful next step.",[42,120266,1389,120268],{"id":120267},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120269,77786],{},[20,120271,650,120272,10689],{},[15,120273,77786],{},[143,120275,120276,120279,120282,120285],{},[146,120277,120278],{},"you already have a list",[146,120280,120281],{},"you want to update that list directly",[146,120283,120284],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[146,120286,120287],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1030,120289,120291],{"id":120290},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[47,120293,120295],{"className":49,"code":120294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120296,120297,120329,120333,120343,120347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120298,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120300,5082],{"class":62},[56,120302,67],{"class":66},[56,120304,71],{"class":70},[56,120306,181],{"class":180},[56,120308,5109],{"class":184},[56,120310,181],{"class":180},[56,120312,78],{"class":70},[56,120314,191],{"class":180},[56,120316,5091],{"class":184},[56,120318,181],{"class":180},[56,120320,78],{"class":70},[56,120322,191],{"class":180},[56,120324,5100],{"class":184},[56,120326,181],{"class":180},[56,120328,89],{"class":70},[56,120330,120331],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120332,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120334,120335,120337,120339,120341],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120336,5126],{"class":62},[56,120338,98],{"class":70},[56,120340,34879],{"class":101},[56,120342,105],{"class":70},[56,120344,120345],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120346,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120350,112],{"class":111},[56,120352,115],{"class":70},[56,120354,5126],{"class":101},[56,120356,238],{"class":70},[20,120358,120359],{},[540,120360,241],{},[47,120362,120364],{"className":49,"code":120363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120365,120366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120369,251],{"class":70},[56,120371,254],{"class":180},[56,120373,5091],{"class":184},[56,120375,254],{"class":180},[56,120377,78],{"class":70},[56,120379,263],{"class":180},[56,120381,5100],{"class":184},[56,120383,254],{"class":180},[56,120385,78],{"class":70},[56,120387,263],{"class":180},[56,120389,5109],{"class":184},[56,120391,254],{"class":180},[56,120393,89],{"class":70},[20,120395,120396],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120398,120399,120400,98],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[36,120401,79792],{"href":78295},[42,120403,120405,4480,120407,120409],{"id":120404},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120406,102],{},[15,120408,14920],{}," work with both",[20,120411,10678,120412,4480,120414,120416],{},[15,120413,1024],{},[15,120415,77786],{}," support:",[143,120418,120419,120424],{},[146,120420,120421,120423],{},[15,120422,78010],{}," for descending order",[146,120425,120426,120429],{},[15,120427,120428],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120431,120432],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1030,120434,120436],{"id":120435},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[47,120438,120440],{"className":49,"code":120439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120441,120442,120462,120466,120488,120492,120510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120443,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120445,63],{"class":62},[56,120447,67],{"class":66},[56,120449,71],{"class":70},[56,120451,901],{"class":74},[56,120453,78],{"class":70},[56,120455,910],{"class":74},[56,120457,78],{"class":70},[56,120459,81],{"class":74},[56,120461,89],{"class":70},[56,120463,120464],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120465,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120467,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120469,112],{"class":111},[56,120471,115],{"class":70},[56,120473,1116],{"class":111},[56,120475,115],{"class":70},[56,120477,95],{"class":101},[56,120479,78],{"class":70},[56,120481,77989],{"class":9263},[56,120483,67],{"class":66},[56,120485,3698],{"class":893},[56,120487,1553],{"class":70},[56,120489,120490],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120491,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120493,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120495,95],{"class":62},[56,120497,98],{"class":70},[56,120499,34879],{"class":101},[56,120501,115],{"class":70},[56,120503,102],{"class":9263},[56,120505,67],{"class":66},[56,120507,3698],{"class":893},[56,120509,238],{"class":70},[56,120511,120512,120514,120516,120518],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,120513,112],{"class":111},[56,120515,115],{"class":70},[56,120517,95],{"class":101},[56,120519,238],{"class":70},[20,120521,120522],{},[540,120523,241],{},[47,120525,120527],{"className":49,"code":120526,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120528,120529,120545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120532,251],{"class":70},[56,120534,901],{"class":74},[56,120536,78],{"class":70},[56,120538,81],{"class":74},[56,120540,78],{"class":70},[56,120542,910],{"class":74},[56,120544,89],{"class":70},[56,120546,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120548,251],{"class":70},[56,120550,901],{"class":74},[56,120552,78],{"class":70},[56,120554,81],{"class":74},[56,120556,78],{"class":70},[56,120558,910],{"class":74},[56,120560,89],{"class":70},[1030,120562,120564],{"id":120563},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[47,120566,120568],{"className":49,"code":120567,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120569,120570,120602,120606,120632,120636,120658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120571,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120573,4159],{"class":62},[56,120575,67],{"class":66},[56,120577,71],{"class":70},[56,120579,181],{"class":180},[56,120581,83282],{"class":184},[56,120583,181],{"class":180},[56,120585,78],{"class":70},[56,120587,191],{"class":180},[56,120589,562],{"class":184},[56,120591,181],{"class":180},[56,120593,78],{"class":70},[56,120595,191],{"class":180},[56,120597,118756],{"class":184},[56,120599,181],{"class":180},[56,120601,89],{"class":70},[56,120603,120604],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120605,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120609,112],{"class":111},[56,120611,115],{"class":70},[56,120613,1116],{"class":111},[56,120615,115],{"class":70},[56,120617,4200],{"class":101},[56,120619,78],{"class":70},[56,120621,21660],{"class":9263},[56,120623,67],{"class":66},[56,120625,3538],{"class":1545},[56,120627,98],{"class":70},[56,120629,8728],{"class":24831},[56,120631,1553],{"class":70},[56,120633,120634],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120635,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120637,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120639,4200],{"class":62},[56,120641,98],{"class":70},[56,120643,34879],{"class":101},[56,120645,115],{"class":70},[56,120647,14920],{"class":9263},[56,120649,67],{"class":66},[56,120651,3538],{"class":1545},[56,120653,98],{"class":70},[56,120655,8728],{"class":24831},[56,120657,238],{"class":70},[56,120659,120660,120662,120664,120666],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,120661,112],{"class":111},[56,120663,115],{"class":70},[56,120665,4200],{"class":101},[56,120667,238],{"class":70},[20,120669,120670],{},[540,120671,241],{},[47,120673,120675],{"className":49,"code":120674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120676,120677,120705],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120678,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120680,251],{"class":70},[56,120682,254],{"class":180},[56,120684,562],{"class":184},[56,120686,254],{"class":180},[56,120688,78],{"class":70},[56,120690,263],{"class":180},[56,120692,83282],{"class":184},[56,120694,254],{"class":180},[56,120696,78],{"class":70},[56,120698,263],{"class":180},[56,120700,118756],{"class":184},[56,120702,254],{"class":180},[56,120704,89],{"class":70},[56,120706,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120708,251],{"class":70},[56,120710,254],{"class":180},[56,120712,562],{"class":184},[56,120714,254],{"class":180},[56,120716,78],{"class":70},[56,120718,263],{"class":180},[56,120720,83282],{"class":184},[56,120722,254],{"class":180},[56,120724,78],{"class":70},[56,120726,263],{"class":180},[56,120728,118756],{"class":184},[56,120730,254],{"class":180},[56,120732,89],{"class":70},[20,120734,1441,120735,120737],{},[15,120736,78504],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120739,120740,120741,98],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[36,120742,120744],{"href":120743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[42,120746,120748],{"id":120747},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120750,120751],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1030,120753,120755,120756,1432],{"id":120754},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120757,77786],{},[20,120759,120760],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[47,120762,120764],{"className":49,"code":120763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120765,120766,120786,120790,120804,120808,120818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120767,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120769,63],{"class":62},[56,120771,67],{"class":66},[56,120773,71],{"class":70},[56,120775,901],{"class":74},[56,120777,78],{"class":70},[56,120779,910],{"class":74},[56,120781,78],{"class":70},[56,120783,81],{"class":74},[56,120785,89],{"class":70},[56,120787,120788],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120789,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120791,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120793,1156],{"class":62},[56,120795,67],{"class":66},[56,120797,850],{"class":62},[56,120799,98],{"class":70},[56,120801,34879],{"class":101},[56,120803,105],{"class":70},[56,120805,120806],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120807,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120809,120810,120812,120814,120816],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120811,112],{"class":111},[56,120813,115],{"class":70},[56,120815,1190],{"class":101},[56,120817,238],{"class":70},[56,120819,120820,120822,120824,120826],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,120821,112],{"class":111},[56,120823,115],{"class":70},[56,120825,95],{"class":101},[56,120827,238],{"class":70},[20,120829,120830],{},[540,120831,241],{},[47,120833,120834],{"className":49,"code":79127,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,120835,120836,120840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120837,120838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120839,894],{"class":893},[56,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120843,251],{"class":70},[56,120845,75],{"class":74},[56,120847,78],{"class":70},[56,120849,81],{"class":74},[56,120851,78],{"class":70},[56,120853,86],{"class":74},[56,120855,89],{"class":70},[20,120857,915],{},[143,120859,120860,120865,120870],{},[146,120861,120862,120864],{},[15,120863,119867],{}," sorts the list in place",[146,120866,35095,120867,120869],{},[540,120868,931],{}," return the sorted list",[146,120871,89906,120872,938,120874],{},[15,120873,1190],{},[15,120875,157],{},[1030,120877,120879,120880,120882],{"id":120878},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120881,1024],{}," to change the original list",[47,120884,120886],{"className":49,"code":120885,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120887,120888,120908,120912,120922,120926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120889,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120891,63],{"class":62},[56,120893,67],{"class":66},[56,120895,71],{"class":70},[56,120897,901],{"class":74},[56,120899,78],{"class":70},[56,120901,910],{"class":74},[56,120903,78],{"class":70},[56,120905,81],{"class":74},[56,120907,89],{"class":70},[56,120909,120910],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120911,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120913,120914,120916,120918,120920],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,120915,1116],{"class":111},[56,120917,115],{"class":70},[56,120919,95],{"class":101},[56,120921,238],{"class":70},[56,120923,120924],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,120925,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,120929,112],{"class":111},[56,120931,115],{"class":70},[56,120933,95],{"class":101},[56,120935,238],{"class":70},[20,120937,120938],{},[540,120939,241],{},[47,120941,120942],{"className":49,"code":119088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,120943,120944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120947,251],{"class":70},[56,120949,901],{"class":74},[56,120951,78],{"class":70},[56,120953,910],{"class":74},[56,120955,78],{"class":70},[56,120957,81],{"class":74},[56,120959,89],{"class":70},[20,120961,120962,120965],{},[15,120963,120964],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120967,10895],{},[47,120969,120971],{"className":49,"code":120970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120972,120973,120993,120997,121011,121015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120974,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120976,63],{"class":62},[56,120978,67],{"class":66},[56,120980,71],{"class":70},[56,120982,901],{"class":74},[56,120984,78],{"class":70},[56,120986,910],{"class":74},[56,120988,78],{"class":70},[56,120990,81],{"class":74},[56,120992,89],{"class":70},[56,120994,120995],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,120996,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,120998,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007,121009],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121000,55718],{"class":62},[56,121002,67],{"class":66},[56,121004,1161],{"class":111},[56,121006,115],{"class":70},[56,121008,95],{"class":101},[56,121010,238],{"class":70},[56,121012,121013],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121014,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121016,121017,121019,121021,121023],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121018,112],{"class":111},[56,121020,115],{"class":70},[56,121022,55737],{"class":101},[56,121024,238],{"class":70},[1030,121026,121028,121029,121031],{"id":121027},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121030,1383],{}," on a tuple or string",[47,121033,121034],{"className":49,"code":79229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,121035,121036,121048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121039,1466],{"class":62},[56,121041,67],{"class":66},[56,121043,191],{"class":180},[56,121045,51],{"class":184},[56,121047,1476],{"class":180},[56,121049,121050,121052,121054,121056],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121051,1481],{"class":62},[56,121053,98],{"class":70},[56,121055,34879],{"class":101},[56,121057,105],{"class":70},[20,121059,121060,121061,1493],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121062,1383],{},[20,121064,121065,121067],{},[15,121066,1383],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121069,121070,121071,121073,121074,98],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121072,1024],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[36,121075,5224],{"href":5676},[1030,121077,121079,121080,119125],{"id":121078},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121081,1024],{},[47,121083,121085],{"className":49,"code":121084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121086,121087,121100,121114,121118,121128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121088,121089,121091,121093,121095,121098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121090,1466],{"class":62},[56,121092,67],{"class":66},[56,121094,191],{"class":180},[56,121096,121097],{"class":184},"cab",[56,121099,1476],{"class":180},[56,121101,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121103,1156],{"class":62},[56,121105,67],{"class":66},[56,121107,1161],{"class":111},[56,121109,115],{"class":70},[56,121111,1481],{"class":101},[56,121113,238],{"class":70},[56,121115,121116],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121117,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121119,121120,121122,121124,121126],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121121,112],{"class":111},[56,121123,115],{"class":70},[56,121125,1190],{"class":101},[56,121127,238],{"class":70},[56,121129,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121131,112],{"class":111},[56,121133,115],{"class":70},[56,121135,1546],{"class":1545},[56,121137,115],{"class":70},[56,121139,1190],{"class":101},[56,121141,1553],{"class":70},[20,121143,121144],{},[540,121145,241],{},[47,121147,121149],{"className":49,"code":121148,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121150,121151,121179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121152,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121154,251],{"class":70},[56,121156,254],{"class":180},[56,121158,36],{"class":184},[56,121160,254],{"class":180},[56,121162,78],{"class":70},[56,121164,263],{"class":180},[56,121166,194],{"class":184},[56,121168,254],{"class":180},[56,121170,78],{"class":70},[56,121172,263],{"class":180},[56,121174,203],{"class":184},[56,121176,254],{"class":180},[56,121178,89],{"class":70},[56,121180,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121182,1635],{"class":66},[56,121184,1639],{"class":1638},[56,121186,263],{"class":180},[56,121188,1644],{"class":184},[56,121190,254],{"class":180},[56,121192,1649],{"class":66},[20,121194,121195],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[42,121197,113646],{"id":113645},[20,121199,121200],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[143,121202,121203,121206,121211,121216,121222],{},[146,121204,121205],{},"confusing a function with a method",[146,121207,121208,121209,53725],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121210,1383],{},[146,121212,121213,121214,1432],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121215,77786],{},[146,121217,121218,121219,121221],{},"trying to use ",[15,121220,1383],{}," on non-list data types",[146,121223,50587,121224,121226],{},[15,121225,1024],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121228,121229],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,121231,121233],{"className":49,"code":121232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121234,121235,121245,121259,121284,121299,121309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121236,121237,121239,121241,121243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121238,112],{"class":111},[56,121240,115],{"class":70},[56,121242,302],{"class":101},[56,121244,238],{"class":70},[56,121246,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255,121257],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121248,112],{"class":111},[56,121250,115],{"class":70},[56,121252,1116],{"class":111},[56,121254,115],{"class":70},[56,121256,302],{"class":101},[56,121258,1553],{"class":70},[56,121260,121261,121263,121265,121267,121269,121271,121273,121276,121278,121280,121282],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121262,1156],{"class":62},[56,121264,67],{"class":66},[56,121266,1567],{"class":62},[56,121268,98],{"class":70},[56,121270,34879],{"class":101},[56,121272,7456],{"class":70},[56,121274,121275],{"class":62},"; ",[56,121277,112],{"class":111},[56,121279,115],{"class":70},[56,121281,1190],{"class":101},[56,121283,238],{"class":70},[56,121285,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294,121297],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121287,112],{"class":111},[56,121289,115],{"class":70},[56,121291,1546],{"class":1545},[56,121293,115],{"class":70},[56,121295,121296],{"class":101},"my_data",[56,121298,1553],{"class":70},[56,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121302,32235],{"class":111},[56,121304,115],{"class":70},[56,121306,1116],{"class":111},[56,121308,238],{"class":70},[56,121310,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319,121321],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,121312,32235],{"class":111},[56,121314,115],{"class":70},[56,121316,1644],{"class":1545},[56,121318,98],{"class":70},[56,121320,34879],{"class":24831},[56,121322,238],{"class":70},[20,121324,84292],{},[143,121326,121327,121330,121334,121342],{},[146,121328,121329],{},"whether your original list changed",[146,121331,26101,121332,11791],{},[15,121333,1024],{},[146,121335,121336,121337,121339,121340],{},"whether ",[15,121338,1383],{}," returned ",[15,121341,157],{},[146,121343,121344],{},"what type of object you are working with",[42,121346,121348],{"id":121347},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121350,121351],{},"Use this rule:",[143,121353,121354,121362],{},[146,121355,121356,121357,121359,121360],{},"Need a ",[540,121358,119450],{},": use ",[15,121361,1024],{},[146,121363,121364,121365,121359,121368],{},"Need to ",[540,121366,121367],{},"change one list directly",[15,121369,77786],{},[20,121371,121372,121373,121375],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121374,1024],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[42,121377,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,121379,121381,121382,2976,121384,1911],{"id":121380},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121383,1024],{},[15,121385,77786],{},[20,121387,121388,121390],{},[15,121389,1024],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1030,121392,5246,121394,5249,121396,1911],{"id":121393},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121395,77786],{},[15,121397,157],{},[20,121399,121400],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1030,121402,5258,121404,121406],{"id":121403},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121405,1024],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121408,121409],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1030,121411,1925,121413,121415],{"id":121412},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121414,1383],{}," on a string?",[20,121417,1931,121418,121420,121421,40009],{},[15,121419,1383],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121422,121423],{},"sorted(string)",[1030,121425,11904,121427,4480,121429,121431],{"id":121426},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121428,1024],{},[15,121430,1383],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121433,121434,121435,98],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121436,78010],{},[42,121438,1996],{"id":1995},[143,121440,121441,121447,121453,121457,121461],{},[146,121442,121443],{},[36,121444,2009,121445,2012],{"href":1123},[15,121446,1024],{},[146,121448,121449],{},[36,121450,2009,121451,1384],{"href":1379},[15,121452,77786],{},[146,121454,121455],{},[36,121456,79792],{"href":78295},[146,121458,121459],{},[36,121460,120744],{"href":120743},[146,121462,121463],{},[36,121464,52853],{"href":51060},[2028,121466,121467],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":121469},[121470,121471,121472,121476,121480,121483,121487,121491,121496,121506,121507,121508,121520],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":119538,"depth":92,"text":119539},{"id":117641,"depth":92,"text":119363,"children":121473},[121474],{"id":119605,"depth":108,"text":121475},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77852,"depth":92,"text":79814,"children":121477},[121478],{"id":119782,"depth":108,"text":121479},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119878,"depth":92,"text":119879,"children":121481},[121482],{"id":119904,"depth":108,"text":119905},{"id":120110,"depth":92,"text":121484,"children":121485},"When to use sorted()",[121486],{"id":120132,"depth":108,"text":120133},{"id":120267,"depth":92,"text":121488,"children":121489},"When to use list.sort()",[121490],{"id":120290,"depth":108,"text":120291},{"id":120404,"depth":92,"text":121492,"children":121493},"reverse and key work with both",[121494,121495],{"id":120435,"depth":108,"text":120436},{"id":120563,"depth":108,"text":120564},{"id":120747,"depth":92,"text":120748,"children":121497},[121498,121500,121502,121504],{"id":120754,"depth":108,"text":121499},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120878,"depth":108,"text":121501},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121027,"depth":108,"text":121503},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121078,"depth":108,"text":121505},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113645,"depth":92,"text":113646},{"id":121347,"depth":92,"text":121348},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":121509},[121510,121512,121514,121516,121518],{"id":121380,"depth":108,"text":121511},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121393,"depth":108,"text":121513},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121403,"depth":108,"text":121515},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121412,"depth":108,"text":121517},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121426,"depth":108,"text":121519},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119409,"description":121521},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121527,"title":42255,"body":121528,"description":123260,"extension":2062,"meta":123261,"navigation":600,"path":123262,"seo":123263,"stem":123264,"__hash__":123265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121529,"toc":123217},[121530,121535,121540,121546,121548,121603,121607,121630,121635,121640,121645,121647,121678,121681,121695,121697,121699,121714,121719,121723,121726,121777,121781,121795,121802,121806,121810,121865,121869,121892,121896,121952,121956,121979,121983,122038,122042,122065,122069,122136,122140,122175,122181,122186,122191,122193,122207,122209,122283,122287,122307,122312,122319,122322,122334,122336,122405,122409,122446,122449,122474,122481,122490,122493,122505,122511,122517,122519,122525,122530,122609,122613,122654,122658,122660,122687,122690,122713,122716,122722,122725,122762,122774,122781,122783,122834,122837,122869,122872,122874,122881,122883,122898,122900,122957,122961,122985,122987,122992,123008,123015,123019,123022,123105,123115,123117,123122,123125,123131,123134,123140,123143,123149,123152,123159,123167,123169,123214],[10,121531,2009,121533,3673],{"id":121532},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121534,47764],{},[20,121536,32400,121537,121539],{},[15,121538,47764],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121541,121542,121543,121545],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121544,47764],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[42,121547,2104],{"id":2103},[47,121549,121551],{"className":49,"code":121550,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121552,121553,121561,121575,121579,121589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121554,121555,121557,121559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121556,21709],{"class":62},[56,121558,67],{"class":66},[56,121560,45306],{"class":74},[56,121562,121563,121565,121567,121569,121571,121573],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121564,1466],{"class":62},[56,121566,67],{"class":66},[56,121568,48985],{"class":1545},[56,121570,115],{"class":70},[56,121572,9387],{"class":101},[56,121574,238],{"class":70},[56,121576,121577],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121578,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121580,121581,121583,121585,121587],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121582,112],{"class":111},[56,121584,115],{"class":70},[56,121586,1481],{"class":101},[56,121588,238],{"class":70},[56,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121592,112],{"class":111},[56,121594,115],{"class":70},[56,121596,1546],{"class":1545},[56,121598,115],{"class":70},[56,121600,1481],{"class":101},[56,121602,1553],{"class":70},[20,121604,121605],{},[540,121606,241],{},[47,121608,121610],{"className":49,"code":121609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121611,121612,121616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121613,121614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121615,2807],{"class":74},[56,121617,121618,121620,121622,121624,121626,121628],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121619,1635],{"class":66},[56,121621,1639],{"class":1638},[56,121623,263],{"class":180},[56,121625,3538],{"class":184},[56,121627,254],{"class":180},[56,121629,1649],{"class":66},[20,121631,650,121632,121634],{},[15,121633,47764],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[42,121636,133,121638,136],{"id":121637},"what-str-does",[15,121639,47764],{},[20,121641,121642,121644],{},[15,121643,47764],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121646,2205],{},[143,121648,121649,121656,121663,121670],{},[146,121650,121651,121652,938,121654],{},"An integer like ",[15,121653,444],{},[15,121655,42206],{},[146,121657,121658,121659,938,121661],{},"A float like ",[15,121660,40223],{},[15,121662,48175],{},[146,121664,121665,121666,938,121668],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121667,3698],{},[15,121669,6730],{},[146,121671,121672,121673,938,121675],{},"A list like ",[15,121674,1884],{},[15,121676,121677],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121679,121680],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[143,121682,121683,121686,121689,121692],{},[146,121684,121685],{},"print it",[146,121687,121688],{},"combine it with other strings",[146,121690,121691],{},"save it to a file",[146,121693,121694],{},"use it in messages",[42,121696,289],{"id":288},[20,121698,7308],{},[47,121700,121702],{"className":49,"code":121701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"str(object)\n",[15,121703,121704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121705,121706,121708,121710,121712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121707,3538],{"class":1545},[56,121709,115],{"class":70},[56,121711,42478],{"class":1545},[56,121713,238],{"class":70},[20,121715,20851,121716,121718],{},[15,121717,42478],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121720,121721,8316],{},[15,121722,47764],{},[20,121724,121725],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[47,121727,121729],{"className":49,"code":121728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121730,121731,121740,121763,121767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121732,121733,121735,121737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121734,5183],{"class":62},[56,121736,67],{"class":66},[56,121738,121739],{"class":74}," 100\n",[56,121741,121742,121744,121746,121748,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121743,89926],{"class":62},[56,121745,67],{"class":66},[56,121747,191],{"class":180},[56,121749,121750],{"class":184},"Your score is ",[56,121752,181],{"class":180},[56,121754,2551],{"class":66},[56,121756,48985],{"class":1545},[56,121758,115],{"class":70},[56,121760,85439],{"class":101},[56,121762,238],{"class":70},[56,121764,121765],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121766,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121770,112],{"class":111},[56,121772,115],{"class":70},[56,121774,89943],{"class":101},[56,121776,238],{"class":70},[20,121778,121779],{},[540,121780,241],{},[47,121782,121784],{"className":49,"code":121783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121785,121786],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121787,121788,121791,121793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121789,121790],{"class":62},"Your score ",[56,121792,12277],{"class":66},[56,121794,121739],{"class":74},[20,121796,2393,121797,121801],{},[36,121798,121799,2400],{"href":2396},[15,121800,2399],{}," can help you check.",[42,121803,121805],{"id":121804},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1030,121807,121809],{"id":121808},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[47,121811,121813],{"className":49,"code":121812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121814,121815,121823,121837,121841,121851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121816,121817,121819,121821],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121818,2315],{"class":62},[56,121820,67],{"class":66},[56,121822,2685],{"class":74},[56,121824,121825,121827,121829,121831,121833,121835],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121826,1466],{"class":62},[56,121828,67],{"class":66},[56,121830,48985],{"class":1545},[56,121832,115],{"class":70},[56,121834,2337],{"class":101},[56,121836,238],{"class":70},[56,121838,121839],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121840,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121842,121843,121845,121847,121849],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121844,112],{"class":111},[56,121846,115],{"class":70},[56,121848,1481],{"class":101},[56,121850,238],{"class":70},[56,121852,121853,121855,121857,121859,121861,121863],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121854,112],{"class":111},[56,121856,115],{"class":70},[56,121858,1546],{"class":1545},[56,121860,115],{"class":70},[56,121862,1481],{"class":101},[56,121864,1553],{"class":70},[20,121866,121867],{},[540,121868,241],{},[47,121870,121872],{"className":49,"code":121871,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121873,121874,121878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121875,121876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121877,2473],{"class":74},[56,121879,121880,121882,121884,121886,121888,121890],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121881,1635],{"class":66},[56,121883,1639],{"class":1638},[56,121885,263],{"class":180},[56,121887,3538],{"class":184},[56,121889,254],{"class":180},[56,121891,1649],{"class":66},[1030,121893,121895],{"id":121894},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[47,121897,121899],{"className":49,"code":121898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121900,121901,121910,121924,121928,121938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121902,121903,121905,121907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121904,40467],{"class":62},[56,121906,67],{"class":66},[56,121908,121909],{"class":74}," 3.14\n",[56,121911,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121913,1466],{"class":62},[56,121915,67],{"class":66},[56,121917,48985],{"class":1545},[56,121919,115],{"class":70},[56,121921,25231],{"class":101},[56,121923,238],{"class":70},[56,121925,121926],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,121927,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,121929,121930,121932,121934,121936],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,121931,112],{"class":111},[56,121933,115],{"class":70},[56,121935,1481],{"class":101},[56,121937,238],{"class":70},[56,121939,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,121941,112],{"class":111},[56,121943,115],{"class":70},[56,121945,1546],{"class":1545},[56,121947,115],{"class":70},[56,121949,1481],{"class":101},[56,121951,1553],{"class":70},[20,121953,121954],{},[540,121955,241],{},[47,121957,121959],{"className":49,"code":121958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121960,121961,121965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121962,121963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121964,40257],{"class":74},[56,121966,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121968,1635],{"class":66},[56,121970,1639],{"class":1638},[56,121972,263],{"class":180},[56,121974,3538],{"class":184},[56,121976,254],{"class":180},[56,121978,1649],{"class":66},[1030,121980,121982],{"id":121981},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[47,121984,121986],{"className":49,"code":121985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121987,121988,121996,122010,122014,122024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121989,121990,121992,121994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121991,2544],{"class":62},[56,121993,67],{"class":66},[56,121995,6513],{"class":893},[56,121997,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,121999,1466],{"class":62},[56,122001,67],{"class":66},[56,122003,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122005,115],{"class":70},[56,122007,2570],{"class":101},[56,122009,238],{"class":70},[56,122011,122012],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122013,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122015,122016,122018,122020,122022],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122017,112],{"class":111},[56,122019,115],{"class":70},[56,122021,1481],{"class":101},[56,122023,238],{"class":70},[56,122025,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034,122036],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122027,112],{"class":111},[56,122029,115],{"class":70},[56,122031,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122033,115],{"class":70},[56,122035,1481],{"class":101},[56,122037,1553],{"class":70},[20,122039,122040],{},[540,122041,241],{},[47,122043,122045],{"className":49,"code":122044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122046,122047,122051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122048,122049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122050,4068],{"class":893},[56,122052,122053,122055,122057,122059,122061,122063],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122054,1635],{"class":66},[56,122056,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122058,263],{"class":180},[56,122060,3538],{"class":184},[56,122062,254],{"class":180},[56,122064,1649],{"class":66},[1030,122066,122068],{"id":122067},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[47,122070,122072],{"className":49,"code":122071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122073,122074,122094,122108,122112,122122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122075,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090,122092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122077,7871],{"class":62},[56,122079,67],{"class":66},[56,122081,71],{"class":70},[56,122083,75],{"class":74},[56,122085,78],{"class":70},[56,122087,81],{"class":74},[56,122089,78],{"class":70},[56,122091,86],{"class":74},[56,122093,89],{"class":70},[56,122095,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104,122106],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122097,1466],{"class":62},[56,122099,67],{"class":66},[56,122101,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122103,115],{"class":70},[56,122105,7900],{"class":101},[56,122107,238],{"class":70},[56,122109,122110],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122111,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122113,122114,122116,122118,122120],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122115,112],{"class":111},[56,122117,115],{"class":70},[56,122119,1481],{"class":101},[56,122121,238],{"class":70},[56,122123,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132,122134],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122125,112],{"class":111},[56,122127,115],{"class":70},[56,122129,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122131,115],{"class":70},[56,122133,1481],{"class":101},[56,122135,1553],{"class":70},[20,122137,122138],{},[540,122139,241],{},[47,122141,122143],{"className":49,"code":122142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122144,122145,122161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122146,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122148,251],{"class":70},[56,122150,75],{"class":74},[56,122152,78],{"class":70},[56,122154,81],{"class":74},[56,122156,78],{"class":70},[56,122158,86],{"class":74},[56,122160,89],{"class":70},[56,122162,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122164,1635],{"class":66},[56,122166,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122168,263],{"class":180},[56,122170,3538],{"class":184},[56,122172,254],{"class":180},[56,122174,1649],{"class":66},[20,122176,122177,122178,122180],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[540,122179,931],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[42,122182,1389,122184],{"id":122183},"when-to-use-str",[15,122185,47764],{},[20,122187,650,122188,122190],{},[15,122189,47764],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122192,36504],{},[143,122194,122195,122198,122201,122204],{},[146,122196,122197],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[146,122199,122200],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[146,122202,122203],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[146,122205,122206],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122208,163],{},[47,122210,122212],{"className":49,"code":122211,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122213,122214,122226,122234,122238,122273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122217,7967],{"class":62},[56,122219,67],{"class":66},[56,122221,191],{"class":180},[56,122223,11595],{"class":184},[56,122225,1476],{"class":180},[56,122227,122228,122230,122232],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122229,21709],{"class":62},[56,122231,67],{"class":66},[56,122233,45306],{"class":74},[56,122235,122236],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122237,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122271],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122241,89926],{"class":62},[56,122243,67],{"class":66},[56,122245,36050],{"class":62},[56,122247,2159],{"class":66},[56,122249,191],{"class":180},[56,122251,4871],{"class":184},[56,122253,181],{"class":180},[56,122255,2551],{"class":66},[56,122257,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122259,115],{"class":70},[56,122261,9387],{"class":101},[56,122263,120],{"class":70},[56,122265,2551],{"class":66},[56,122267,191],{"class":180},[56,122269,122270],{"class":184}," years old.",[56,122272,1476],{"class":180},[56,122274,122275,122277,122279,122281],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122276,112],{"class":111},[56,122278,115],{"class":70},[56,122280,89943],{"class":101},[56,122282,238],{"class":70},[20,122284,122285],{},[540,122286,241],{},[47,122288,122290],{"className":49,"code":122289,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122291,122292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122293,122294,122297,122299,122301,122304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122295,122296],{"class":62},"Maya ",[56,122298,12277],{"class":66},[56,122300,9394],{"class":74},[56,122302,122303],{"class":62}," years old",[56,122305,122306],{"class":70},".\n",[20,122308,122309,122310,98],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[36,122311,89612],{"href":89611},[42,122313,122315,1021,122317],{"id":122314},"str-vs-print",[15,122316,47764],{},[15,122318,46532],{},[20,122320,122321],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[143,122323,122324,122329],{},[146,122325,122326,122328],{},[15,122327,47764],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[146,122330,122331,122333],{},[15,122332,46532],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122335,163],{},[47,122337,122339],{"className":49,"code":122338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122340,122341,122349,122353,122367,122377,122391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122342,122343,122345,122347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122344,2544],{"class":62},[56,122346,67],{"class":66},[56,122348,2867],{"class":74},[56,122350,122351],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122352,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122354,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122356,1466],{"class":62},[56,122358,67],{"class":66},[56,122360,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122362,115],{"class":70},[56,122364,2570],{"class":101},[56,122366,238],{"class":70},[56,122368,122369,122371,122373,122375],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122370,112],{"class":111},[56,122372,115],{"class":70},[56,122374,1481],{"class":101},[56,122376,238],{"class":70},[56,122378,122379,122381,122383,122385,122387,122389],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122380,112],{"class":111},[56,122382,115],{"class":70},[56,122384,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122386,115],{"class":70},[56,122388,1481],{"class":101},[56,122390,1553],{"class":70},[56,122392,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,122394,112],{"class":111},[56,122396,115],{"class":70},[56,122398,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122400,115],{"class":70},[56,122402,2570],{"class":101},[56,122404,1553],{"class":70},[20,122406,122407],{},[540,122408,241],{},[47,122410,122412],{"className":49,"code":122411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122413,122414,122418,122432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122415,122416],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122417,46692],{"class":74},[56,122419,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122421,1635],{"class":66},[56,122423,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122425,263],{"class":180},[56,122427,3538],{"class":184},[56,122429,254],{"class":180},[56,122431,1649],{"class":66},[56,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122435,1635],{"class":66},[56,122437,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122439,263],{"class":180},[56,122441,2286],{"class":184},[56,122443,254],{"class":180},[56,122445,1649],{"class":66},[20,122447,122448],{},"Notice:",[143,122450,122451,122457,122462],{},[146,122452,122453,122456],{},[15,122454,122455],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[146,122458,122459,122461],{},[15,122460,46532],{}," only displayed values",[146,122463,122464,122466,122467,122469,122470,61377,122472],{},[15,122465,46532],{}," did not change ",[15,122468,2570],{}," from ",[15,122471,2286],{},[15,122473,3538],{},[20,122475,122476,122477,98],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[36,122478,122479,2400],{"href":46529},[15,122480,46532],{},[42,122482,122484,1021,122486,122489],{"id":122483},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122485,47764],{},[15,122487,122488],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122491,122492],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[143,122494,122495,122500],{},[146,122496,122497,122499],{},[15,122498,47764],{}," is the more readable text version",[146,122501,122502,122504],{},[15,122503,122488],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122506,122507,122508,122510],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122509,47764],{}," much more often.",[20,122512,122513,122514,122516],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122515,47764],{}," is usually the right choice.",[42,122518,4606],{"id":4605},[1030,122520,25856,122522,122524],{"id":122521},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122523,47764],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122526,122527,122529],{},[15,122528,47764],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[47,122531,122533],{"className":49,"code":122532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122534,122535,122543,122557,122561,122571,122585,122595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122536,122537,122539,122541],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122538,21709],{"class":62},[56,122540,67],{"class":66},[56,122542,45306],{"class":74},[56,122544,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122546,1466],{"class":62},[56,122548,67],{"class":66},[56,122550,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122552,115],{"class":70},[56,122554,9387],{"class":101},[56,122556,238],{"class":70},[56,122558,122559],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122560,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122562,122563,122565,122567,122569],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122564,112],{"class":111},[56,122566,115],{"class":70},[56,122568,9387],{"class":101},[56,122570,238],{"class":70},[56,122572,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122574,112],{"class":111},[56,122576,115],{"class":70},[56,122578,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122580,115],{"class":70},[56,122582,9387],{"class":101},[56,122584,1553],{"class":70},[56,122586,122587,122589,122591,122593],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,122588,112],{"class":111},[56,122590,115],{"class":70},[56,122592,1481],{"class":101},[56,122594,238],{"class":70},[56,122596,122597,122599,122601,122603,122605,122607],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,122598,112],{"class":111},[56,122600,115],{"class":70},[56,122602,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122604,115],{"class":70},[56,122606,1481],{"class":101},[56,122608,1553],{"class":70},[20,122610,122611],{},[540,122612,241],{},[47,122614,122616],{"className":49,"code":122615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122617,122618,122622,122636,122640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122619,122620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122621,2807],{"class":74},[56,122623,122624,122626,122628,122630,122632,122634],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122625,1635],{"class":66},[56,122627,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122629,263],{"class":180},[56,122631,2286],{"class":184},[56,122633,254],{"class":180},[56,122635,1649],{"class":66},[56,122637,122638],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122639,2807],{"class":74},[56,122641,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650,122652],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122643,1635],{"class":66},[56,122645,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122647,263],{"class":180},[56,122649,3538],{"class":184},[56,122651,254],{"class":180},[56,122653,1649],{"class":66},[1030,122655,122657],{"id":122656},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122659,6777],{},[47,122661,122663],{"className":49,"code":122662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122664,122665,122673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122666,122667,122669,122671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122668,21709],{"class":62},[56,122670,67],{"class":66},[56,122672,45306],{"class":74},[56,122674,122675,122677,122679,122681,122683,122685],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122676,1466],{"class":62},[56,122678,67],{"class":66},[56,122680,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122682,115],{"class":70},[56,122684,9387],{"class":101},[56,122686,238],{"class":70},[20,122688,122689],{},"But if you only do this:",[47,122691,122693],{"className":49,"code":122692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122694,122695,122703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122696,122697,122699,122701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122698,21709],{"class":62},[56,122700,67],{"class":66},[56,122702,45306],{"class":74},[56,122704,122705,122707,122709,122711],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122706,3538],{"class":1545},[56,122708,115],{"class":70},[56,122710,9387],{"class":101},[56,122712,238],{"class":70},[20,122714,122715],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1030,122717,1441,122719,122721],{"id":122718},"using-str-too-early",[15,122720,47764],{}," too early",[20,122723,122724],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[47,122726,122728],{"className":49,"code":122727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122729,122730,122738,122753,122757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122731,122732,122734,122736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122733,40467],{"class":62},[56,122735,67],{"class":66},[56,122737,2685],{"class":74},[56,122739,122740,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122741,122742],{"class":62},"text_price ",[56,122744,67],{"class":66},[56,122746,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122748,115],{"class":70},[56,122750,25231],{"class":101},[56,122752,238],{"class":70},[56,122754,122755],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122756,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122758,122759],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122760,122761],{"class":123},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122763,122764,122765,2976,122769,122773],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[36,122766,122767],{"href":2972},[15,122768,2975],{},[36,122770,122771],{"href":2979},[15,122772,2982],{},", depending on the situation.",[1030,122775,1435,122777,122780],{"id":122776},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122778,122779],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122782,64717],{},[47,122784,122786],{"className":49,"code":122785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122787,122788,122820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122789,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122791,7871],{"class":62},[56,122793,67],{"class":66},[56,122795,71],{"class":70},[56,122797,181],{"class":180},[56,122799,562],{"class":184},[56,122801,181],{"class":180},[56,122803,78],{"class":70},[56,122805,191],{"class":180},[56,122807,571],{"class":184},[56,122809,181],{"class":180},[56,122811,78],{"class":70},[56,122813,191],{"class":180},[56,122815,33304],{"class":184},[56,122817,181],{"class":180},[56,122819,89],{"class":70},[56,122821,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122823,112],{"class":111},[56,122825,115],{"class":70},[56,122827,3538],{"class":1545},[56,122829,115],{"class":70},[56,122831,7900],{"class":101},[56,122833,1553],{"class":70},[20,122835,122836],{},"prints:",[47,122838,122839],{"className":49,"code":72909,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,122840,122841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122842,122843,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122844,251],{"class":70},[56,122846,254],{"class":180},[56,122848,562],{"class":184},[56,122850,254],{"class":180},[56,122852,78],{"class":70},[56,122854,263],{"class":180},[56,122856,571],{"class":184},[56,122858,254],{"class":180},[56,122860,78],{"class":70},[56,122862,263],{"class":180},[56,122864,33304],{"class":184},[56,122866,254],{"class":180},[56,122868,89],{"class":70},[20,122870,122871],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[42,122873,17500],{"id":17499},[20,122875,122876,22056,122878,98],{},[15,122877,47764],{},[540,122879,122880],{},"new string",[20,122882,11546],{},[143,122884,122885,122888,122891],{},[146,122886,122887],{},"It always returns a string",[146,122889,122890],{},"It does not modify the original object",[146,122892,7854,122893,122897],{},[36,122894,122895],{"href":2396},[15,122896,2399],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122899,163],{},[47,122901,122903],{"className":49,"code":122902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122904,122905,122913,122928,122932,122943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122906,122907,122909,122911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122908,2544],{"class":62},[56,122910,67],{"class":66},[56,122912,14209],{"class":74},[56,122914,122915,122918,122920,122922,122924,122926],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122916,122917],{"class":62},"converted ",[56,122919,67],{"class":66},[56,122921,48985],{"class":1545},[56,122923,115],{"class":70},[56,122925,2570],{"class":101},[56,122927,238],{"class":70},[56,122929,122930],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,122931,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,122933,122934,122936,122938,122941],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,122935,112],{"class":111},[56,122937,115],{"class":70},[56,122939,122940],{"class":101},"converted",[56,122942,238],{"class":70},[56,122944,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,122946,112],{"class":111},[56,122948,115],{"class":70},[56,122950,1546],{"class":1545},[56,122952,115],{"class":70},[56,122954,122940],{"class":101},[56,122956,1553],{"class":70},[20,122958,122959],{},[540,122960,241],{},[47,122962,122964],{"className":49,"code":122963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122965,122966,122971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122967,122968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122969,122970],{"class":74},"99\n",[56,122972,122973,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,122974,1635],{"class":66},[56,122976,1639],{"class":1638},[56,122978,263],{"class":180},[56,122980,3538],{"class":184},[56,122982,254],{"class":180},[56,122984,1649],{"class":66},[42,122986,113646],{"id":113645},[20,122988,122989,122990,1424],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122991,47764],{},[143,122993,122994,122997,123000,123005],{},[146,122995,122996],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[146,122998,122999],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[146,123001,1441,123002,123004],{},[15,123003,47764],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[146,123006,123007],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123009,123010,123011,98],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[36,123012,25761,123013],{"href":90324},[15,123014,90325],{},[42,123016,123018],{"id":123017},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123020,123021],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[47,123023,123025],{"className":49,"code":123024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123026,123027,123035,123039,123049,123063,123067,123081,123091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123028,123029,123031,123033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123030,2544],{"class":62},[56,123032,67],{"class":66},[56,123034,45306],{"class":74},[56,123036,123037],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123038,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,123040,123041,123043,123045,123047],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,123042,112],{"class":111},[56,123044,115],{"class":70},[56,123046,2570],{"class":101},[56,123048,238],{"class":70},[56,123050,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059,123061],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,123052,112],{"class":111},[56,123054,115],{"class":70},[56,123056,1546],{"class":1545},[56,123058,115],{"class":70},[56,123060,2570],{"class":101},[56,123062,1553],{"class":70},[56,123064,123065],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,123066,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,123068,123069,123071,123073,123075,123077,123079],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,123070,122917],{"class":62},[56,123072,67],{"class":66},[56,123074,48985],{"class":1545},[56,123076,115],{"class":70},[56,123078,2570],{"class":101},[56,123080,238],{"class":70},[56,123082,123083,123085,123087,123089],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,123084,112],{"class":111},[56,123086,115],{"class":70},[56,123088,122940],{"class":101},[56,123090,238],{"class":70},[56,123092,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,123094,112],{"class":111},[56,123096,115],{"class":70},[56,123098,1546],{"class":1545},[56,123100,115],{"class":70},[56,123102,122940],{"class":101},[56,123104,1553],{"class":70},[20,123106,123107,123108,2287,123110,123112,123113,98],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123109,2286],{},[15,123111,2290],{},", or another type into ",[15,123114,3538],{},[42,123116,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,123118,5230,123120,5233],{"id":123119},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123121,47764],{},[20,123123,123124],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1030,123126,1892,123128,123130],{"id":123127},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123129,47764],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123132,123133],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1030,123135,5258,123137,123139],{"id":123136},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123138,47764],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123141,123142],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1030,123144,94510,123146,123148],{"id":123145},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123147,47764],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123150,123151],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1030,123153,14982,123155,57280,123157,1911],{"id":123154},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123156,47764],{},[15,123158,46532],{},[20,123160,1931,123161,123163,123164,123166],{},[15,123162,47764],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123165,46532],{}," shows output.",[42,123168,1996],{"id":1995},[143,123170,123171,123177,123183,123189,123195,123204,123208],{},[146,123172,123173],{},[36,123174,123175,2012],{"href":46529},[15,123176,46532],{},[146,123178,123179],{},[36,123180,123181,2012],{"href":2396},[15,123182,2399],{},[146,123184,123185],{},[36,123186,123187,2012],{"href":2972},[15,123188,2975],{},[146,123190,123191],{},[36,123192,123193,2012],{"href":2979},[15,123194,2982],{},[146,123196,123197],{},[36,123198,123200,123201,123203],{"href":123199},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123202,2286],{}," to string in Python",[146,123205,123206],{},[36,123207,90602],{"href":89611},[146,123209,123210],{},[36,123211,30429,123212],{"href":90324},[15,123213,90325],{},[2028,123215,123216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":123218},[123219,123220,123222,123223,123229,123231,123233,123235,123244,123245,123246,123247,123259],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":121637,"depth":92,"text":123221},"What str() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":121804,"depth":92,"text":121805,"children":123224},[123225,123226,123227,123228],{"id":121808,"depth":108,"text":121809},{"id":121894,"depth":108,"text":121895},{"id":121981,"depth":108,"text":121982},{"id":122067,"depth":108,"text":122068},{"id":122183,"depth":92,"text":123230},"When to use str()",{"id":122314,"depth":92,"text":123232},"str() vs print()",{"id":122483,"depth":92,"text":123234},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":123236},[123237,123239,123240,123242],{"id":122521,"depth":108,"text":123238},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122656,"depth":108,"text":122657},{"id":122718,"depth":108,"text":123241},"Using str() too early",{"id":122776,"depth":108,"text":123243},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":113645,"depth":92,"text":113646},{"id":123017,"depth":92,"text":123018},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":123248},[123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"id":123119,"depth":108,"text":123250},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123127,"depth":108,"text":123252},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123136,"depth":108,"text":123254},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123145,"depth":108,"text":123256},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123154,"depth":108,"text":123258},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42255,"description":123260},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123267,"title":123268,"body":123269,"description":124722,"extension":2062,"meta":124723,"navigation":600,"path":124724,"seo":124725,"stem":124726,"__hash__":124727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123270,"toc":124684},[123271,123277,123283,123286,123308,123310,123372,123374,123387,123393,123398,123403,123405,123418,123429,123431,123458,123460,123477,123484,123495,123497,123502,123504,123516,123524,123533,123535,123538,123591,123593,123601,123609,123613,123618,123658,123660,123668,123671,123673,123713,123715,123723,123733,123739,123742,123815,123817,123830,123834,123839,123867,123870,123905,123907,123915,123918,123922,123926,123928,123944,123946,123986,123988,123996,124005,124048,124050,124058,124060,124064,124070,124073,124113,124115,124123,124128,124131,124174,124178,124181,124216,124221,124223,124262,124272,124280,124290,124298,124302,124307,124309,124350,124352,124360,124365,124368,124371,124389,124395,124399,124404,124407,124447,124449,124454,124553,124556,124572,124574,124593,124595,124602,124605,124611,124614,124620,124624,124630,124633,124639,124642,124644,124681],[10,123272,123274,123275,18],{"id":123273},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123276,57365],{},[20,123278,123279,123280,123282],{},"The Python string ",[15,123281,57365],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123284,123285],{},"This reference page explains:",[143,123287,123288,123292,123295,123297,123305],{},[146,123289,26101,123290,136],{},[15,123291,57365],{},[146,123293,123294],{},"its syntax",[146,123296,35475],{},[146,123298,123299,123300,4480,123302,123304],{},"how ",[15,123301,36154],{},[15,123303,52742],{}," work",[146,123306,123307],{},"common beginner mistakes",[42,123309,2104],{"id":2103},[47,123311,123313],{"className":49,"code":123312,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123314,123315,123327,123349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123316,123317,123319,123321,123323,123325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123318,1466],{"class":62},[56,123320,67],{"class":66},[56,123322,191],{"class":180},[56,123324,571],{"class":184},[56,123326,1476],{"class":180},[56,123328,123329,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123330,112],{"class":111},[56,123332,115],{"class":70},[56,123334,1481],{"class":101},[56,123336,98],{"class":70},[56,123338,41339],{"class":101},[56,123340,115],{"class":70},[56,123342,181],{"class":180},[56,123344,36],{"class":184},[56,123346,181],{"class":180},[56,123348,1553],{"class":70},[56,123350,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123368,123370],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,123352,112],{"class":111},[56,123354,115],{"class":70},[56,123356,1481],{"class":101},[56,123358,98],{"class":70},[56,123360,41339],{"class":101},[56,123362,115],{"class":70},[56,123364,181],{"class":180},[56,123366,123367],{"class":184},"na",[56,123369,181],{"class":180},[56,123371,1553],{"class":70},[20,123373,241],{},[47,123375,123377],{"className":49,"code":123376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\n",[15,123378,123379,123383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123380,123381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123382,46697],{"class":74},[56,123384,123385],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123386,17137],{"class":74},[20,123388,650,123389,123392],{},[15,123390,123391],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[42,123394,13077,123396,13080],{"id":123395},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123397,57365],{},[20,123399,123400,123402],{},[15,123401,57365],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123404,311],{},[143,123406,123407,123410,123413,123415],{},[146,123408,123409],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[146,123411,123412],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[146,123414,43738],{},[146,123416,123417],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123419,123420,123421,123423,123424,2287,123426,123428],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123422,18176],{}," characters are in ",[15,123425,65348],{},[15,123427,57365],{}," is a simple choice.",[42,123430,289],{"id":288},[47,123432,123434],{"className":49,"code":123433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123435,123436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123437,123438,123440,123442,123444,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123439,61250],{"class":62},[56,123441,98],{"class":70},[56,123443,41339],{"class":101},[56,123445,115],{"class":70},[56,123447,2570],{"class":101},[56,123449,78],{"class":70},[56,123451,36133],{"class":101},[56,123453,78],{"class":70},[56,123455,65114],{"class":101},[56,123457,238],{"class":70},[1030,123459,17476],{"id":17475},[143,123461,123462,123467,123472],{},[146,123463,123464,123466],{},[15,123465,2570],{},": the text to search for",[146,123468,123469,123471],{},[15,123470,36154],{},": optional; where counting begins",[146,123473,123474,123476],{},[15,123475,52742],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123478,123479,4480,123481,123483],{},[15,123480,36154],{},[15,123482,52742],{}," work like slice positions:",[143,123485,123486,123491],{},[146,123487,123488,123490],{},[15,123489,36154],{}," is included",[146,123492,123493,75660],{},[15,123494,52742],{},[42,123496,17500],{"id":17499},[20,123498,123499,123501],{},[15,123500,57365],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123503,2224],{},[143,123505,123506,123511],{},[146,123507,123508,123509],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123510,901],{},[146,123512,123513,123514],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123515,2218],{},[20,123517,928,123518,5249,123520,2976,123522,98],{},[540,123519,931],{},[15,123521,3698],{},[15,123523,3764],{},[20,123525,123526,123527,123532],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[36,123528,123530,101520],{"href":123529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123531,3972],{}," is often a better fit.",[42,123534,425],{"id":424},[20,123536,123537],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[47,123539,123541],{"className":49,"code":123540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123542,123543,123555,123577,123581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123544,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123546,1466],{"class":62},[56,123548,67],{"class":66},[56,123550,191],{"class":180},[56,123552,562],{"class":184},[56,123554,1476],{"class":180},[56,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123558,1156],{"class":62},[56,123560,67],{"class":66},[56,123562,42921],{"class":62},[56,123564,98],{"class":70},[56,123566,41339],{"class":101},[56,123568,115],{"class":70},[56,123570,181],{"class":180},[56,123572,20],{"class":184},[56,123574,181],{"class":180},[56,123576,238],{"class":70},[56,123578,123579],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,123580,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,123582,123583,123585,123587,123589],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,123584,112],{"class":111},[56,123586,115],{"class":70},[56,123588,1190],{"class":101},[56,123590,238],{"class":70},[20,123592,241],{},[47,123594,123595],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123596,123597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123598,123599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123600,17137],{"class":74},[20,123602,63894,123603,123606,123607,98],{},[15,123604,123605],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123608,57908],{},[42,123610,123612],{"id":123611},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123614,123615,123617],{},[15,123616,57365],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[47,123619,123621],{"className":49,"code":123620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123622,123623,123636],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123624,123625,123627,123629,123631,123634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123626,1466],{"class":62},[56,123628,67],{"class":66},[56,123630,191],{"class":180},[56,123632,123633],{"class":184},"cat dog cat bird cat",[56,123635,1476],{"class":180},[56,123637,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123639,112],{"class":111},[56,123641,115],{"class":70},[56,123643,1481],{"class":101},[56,123645,98],{"class":70},[56,123647,41339],{"class":101},[56,123649,115],{"class":70},[56,123651,181],{"class":180},[56,123653,37126],{"class":184},[56,123655,181],{"class":180},[56,123657,1553],{"class":70},[20,123659,241],{},[47,123661,123662],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123663,123664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123665,123666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123667,46697],{"class":74},[20,123669,123670],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123672,163],{},[47,123674,123676],{"className":49,"code":123675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123677,123678,123691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123679,123680,123682,123684,123686,123689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123681,1466],{"class":62},[56,123683,67],{"class":66},[56,123685,191],{"class":180},[56,123687,123688],{"class":184},"one One one",[56,123690,1476],{"class":180},[56,123692,123693,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123694,112],{"class":111},[56,123696,115],{"class":70},[56,123698,1481],{"class":101},[56,123700,98],{"class":70},[56,123702,41339],{"class":101},[56,123704,115],{"class":70},[56,123706,181],{"class":180},[56,123708,6674],{"class":184},[56,123710,181],{"class":180},[56,123712,1553],{"class":70},[20,123714,241],{},[47,123716,123717],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123718,123719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123720,123721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123722,17137],{"class":74},[20,123724,123725,123726,123729,123730,123732],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123727,123728],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123731,57365],{}," is case-sensitive.",[42,123734,1441,123735,4480,123737],{"id":65480},[15,123736,36154],{},[15,123738,52742],{},[20,123740,123741],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[47,123743,123745],{"className":49,"code":123744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123746,123747,123759,123785],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123748,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123750,1466],{"class":62},[56,123752,67],{"class":66},[56,123754,191],{"class":180},[56,123756,571],{"class":184},[56,123758,1476],{"class":180},[56,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123762,112],{"class":111},[56,123764,115],{"class":70},[56,123766,1481],{"class":101},[56,123768,98],{"class":70},[56,123770,41339],{"class":101},[56,123772,115],{"class":70},[56,123774,181],{"class":180},[56,123776,36],{"class":184},[56,123778,181],{"class":180},[56,123780,78],{"class":70},[56,123782,81],{"class":74},[56,123784,1553],{"class":70},[56,123786,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,123788,112],{"class":111},[56,123790,115],{"class":70},[56,123792,1481],{"class":101},[56,123794,98],{"class":70},[56,123796,41339],{"class":101},[56,123798,115],{"class":70},[56,123800,181],{"class":180},[56,123802,36],{"class":184},[56,123804,181],{"class":180},[56,123806,78],{"class":70},[56,123808,81],{"class":74},[56,123810,78],{"class":70},[56,123812,4693],{"class":74},[56,123814,1553],{"class":70},[20,123816,241],{},[47,123818,123820],{"className":49,"code":123819,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n1\n",[15,123821,123822,123826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123823,123824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123825,17137],{"class":74},[56,123827,123828],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123829,46997],{"class":74},[1030,123831,123833],{"id":123832},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123835,123836,123837,141],{},"In ",[15,123838,65348],{},[143,123840,123841,123849,123857],{},[146,123842,71039,123843,123845,123846],{},[15,123844,1097],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123847,123848],{},"\"n\"",[146,123850,123851,123854,123855,75958],{},[15,123852,123853],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123856,1097],{},[146,123858,123859,123854,123862,123864,123865],{},[15,123860,123861],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123863,1097],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123866,2235],{},[20,123868,123869],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[47,123871,123873],{"className":49,"code":123872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123874,123875,123887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123876,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123878,1466],{"class":62},[56,123880,67],{"class":66},[56,123882,191],{"class":180},[56,123884,571],{"class":184},[56,123886,1476],{"class":180},[56,123888,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123890,112],{"class":111},[56,123892,115],{"class":70},[56,123894,1481],{"class":101},[56,123896,251],{"class":70},[56,123898,1097],{"class":74},[56,123900,141],{"class":70},[56,123902,2235],{"class":74},[56,123904,1607],{"class":70},[20,123906,241],{},[47,123908,123909],{"className":49,"code":41548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123910,123911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123912,123913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123914,41548],{"class":62},[20,123916,123917],{},"Only that section is searched.",[42,123919,123921],{"id":123920},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123923,123924,123732],{},[15,123925,57365],{},[20,123927,2205],{},[143,123929,123930,123938],{},[146,123931,123932,4480,123934,123937],{},[15,123933,18176],{},[15,123935,123936],{},"\"A\""," are different",[146,123939,123940,4480,123942,123937],{},[15,123941,64608],{},[15,123943,90337],{},[20,123945,163],{},[47,123947,123949],{"className":49,"code":123948,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123950,123951,123964],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123962],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123954,1466],{"class":62},[56,123956,67],{"class":66},[56,123958,191],{"class":180},[56,123960,123961],{"class":184},"Apple apple APPLE",[56,123963,1476],{"class":180},[56,123965,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,123967,112],{"class":111},[56,123969,115],{"class":70},[56,123971,1481],{"class":101},[56,123973,98],{"class":70},[56,123975,41339],{"class":101},[56,123977,115],{"class":70},[56,123979,181],{"class":180},[56,123981,562],{"class":184},[56,123983,181],{"class":180},[56,123985,1553],{"class":70},[20,123987,241],{},[47,123989,123990],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,123991,123992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123993,123994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123995,46997],{"class":74},[20,123997,123998,123999,141],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[36,124000,124002],{"href":124001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124003,124004],{},"lower()",[47,124006,124008],{"className":49,"code":124007,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124009,124010,124022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124011,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124013,1466],{"class":62},[56,124015,67],{"class":66},[56,124017,191],{"class":180},[56,124019,123961],{"class":184},[56,124021,1476],{"class":180},[56,124023,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124025,112],{"class":111},[56,124027,115],{"class":70},[56,124029,1481],{"class":101},[56,124031,98],{"class":70},[56,124033,8728],{"class":101},[56,124035,8725],{"class":70},[56,124037,41339],{"class":101},[56,124039,115],{"class":70},[56,124041,181],{"class":180},[56,124043,562],{"class":184},[56,124045,181],{"class":180},[56,124047,1553],{"class":70},[20,124049,241],{},[47,124051,124052],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124053,124054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124055,124056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124057,46697],{"class":74},[42,124059,1418],{"id":1417},[20,124061,23175,124062,98],{},[15,124063,57365],{},[1030,124065,1435,124067,124069],{"id":124066},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124068,57365],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124071,124072],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[47,124074,124076],{"className":49,"code":124075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124077,124078,124091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124079,124080,124082,124084,124086,124089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124081,1466],{"class":62},[56,124083,67],{"class":66},[56,124085,191],{"class":180},[56,124087,124088],{"class":184},"Aardvark",[56,124090,1476],{"class":180},[56,124092,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109,124111],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124094,112],{"class":111},[56,124096,115],{"class":70},[56,124098,1481],{"class":101},[56,124100,98],{"class":70},[56,124102,41339],{"class":101},[56,124104,115],{"class":70},[56,124106,181],{"class":180},[56,124108,36],{"class":184},[56,124110,181],{"class":180},[56,124112,1553],{"class":70},[20,124114,241],{},[47,124116,124117],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124118,124119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124120,124121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124122,17137],{"class":74},[20,124124,123725,124125,124127],{},[15,124126,123936],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124129,124130],{},"If needed, convert first:",[47,124132,124134],{"className":49,"code":124133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124135,124136,124148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124137,124138,124140,124142,124144,124146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124139,1466],{"class":62},[56,124141,67],{"class":66},[56,124143,191],{"class":180},[56,124145,124088],{"class":184},[56,124147,1476],{"class":180},[56,124149,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124151,112],{"class":111},[56,124153,115],{"class":70},[56,124155,1481],{"class":101},[56,124157,98],{"class":70},[56,124159,8728],{"class":101},[56,124161,8725],{"class":70},[56,124163,41339],{"class":101},[56,124165,115],{"class":70},[56,124167,181],{"class":180},[56,124169,36],{"class":184},[56,124171,181],{"class":180},[56,124173,1553],{"class":70},[1030,124175,124177],{"id":124176},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124179,124180],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[47,124182,124184],{"className":49,"code":124183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124185,124186,124198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124187,124188,124190,124192,124194,124196],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124189,1466],{"class":62},[56,124191,67],{"class":66},[56,124193,191],{"class":180},[56,124195,571],{"class":184},[56,124197,1476],{"class":180},[56,124199,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124201,112],{"class":111},[56,124203,115],{"class":70},[56,124205,1481],{"class":101},[56,124207,98],{"class":70},[56,124209,41339],{"class":101},[56,124211,115],{"class":70},[56,124213,36],{"class":101},[56,124215,1553],{"class":70},[20,124217,124218,124219,98],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124220,36],{},[20,124222,10895],{},[47,124224,124226],{"className":49,"code":124225,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124227,124228,124240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124229,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124231,1466],{"class":62},[56,124233,67],{"class":66},[56,124235,191],{"class":180},[56,124237,571],{"class":184},[56,124239,1476],{"class":180},[56,124241,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124243,112],{"class":111},[56,124245,115],{"class":70},[56,124247,1481],{"class":101},[56,124249,98],{"class":70},[56,124251,41339],{"class":101},[56,124253,115],{"class":70},[56,124255,181],{"class":180},[56,124257,36],{"class":184},[56,124259,181],{"class":180},[56,124261,1553],{"class":70},[1030,124263,1447,124265,1450,124267,2976,124270],{"id":124264},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124266,57365],{},[15,124268,124269],{},"find()",[15,124271,59043],{},[20,124273,650,124274,124276,124277,98],{},[15,124275,57365],{}," when you need the ",[540,124278,124279],{},"number of matches",[20,124281,650,124282,124276,124287,124289],{},[36,124283,124285],{"href":124284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124286,124269],{},[540,124288,65020],{}," of the first match.",[20,124291,650,124292,124297],{},[36,124293,124295],{"href":124294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124296,59043],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1030,124299,124301],{"id":124300},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124303,124304,124306],{},[15,124305,57365],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124308,163],{},[47,124310,124312],{"className":49,"code":124311,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124313,124314,124327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124315,124316,124318,124320,124322,124325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124317,1466],{"class":62},[56,124319,67],{"class":66},[56,124321,191],{"class":180},[56,124323,124324],{"class":184},"aaaa",[56,124326,1476],{"class":180},[56,124328,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124346,124348],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124330,112],{"class":111},[56,124332,115],{"class":70},[56,124334,1481],{"class":101},[56,124336,98],{"class":70},[56,124338,41339],{"class":101},[56,124340,115],{"class":70},[56,124342,181],{"class":180},[56,124344,124345],{"class":184},"aa",[56,124347,181],{"class":180},[56,124349,1553],{"class":70},[20,124351,241],{},[47,124353,124354],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,124355,124356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124357,124358],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124359,17137],{"class":74},[20,124361,124362,124363,98],{},"It does not return ",[15,124364,901],{},[20,124366,124367],{},"Why not?",[20,124369,124370],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[143,124372,124373,124382],{},[146,124374,124375,124378,124379],{},[15,124376,124377],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124380,124381],{},"0-1",[146,124383,124384,124378,124386],{},[15,124385,124377],{},[15,124387,124388],{},"2-3",[20,124390,124391,124392,98],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124393,124394],{},"1-2",[42,124396,1389,124397],{"id":58448},[15,124398,57365],{},[20,124400,650,124401,124403],{},[15,124402,57365],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124405,124406],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[143,124408,124409,124418,124428,124438],{},[146,124410,650,124411,124413,124414,124417],{},[15,124412,57365],{}," when you need ",[540,124415,124416],{},"how many times"," something appears",[146,124419,650,124420,124413,124424,124427],{},[36,124421,124422],{"href":124284},[15,124423,124269],{},[540,124425,124426],{},"where"," it appears",[146,124429,47891,124430,124434,124435],{},[36,124431,124432,101520],{"href":123529},[15,124433,3972],{}," when you only need to know ",[540,124436,124437],{},"if it exists",[146,124439,650,124440,124446],{},[36,124441,124443],{"href":124442},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124444,124445],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[42,124448,26024],{"id":26023},[20,124450,8962,124451,124453],{},[15,124452,57365],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[47,124455,124457],{"className":49,"code":124456,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124458,124459,124469,124483,124505,124531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124462,112],{"class":111},[56,124464,115],{"class":70},[56,124466,1481],{"class":101},[56,124468,238],{"class":70},[56,124470,124471,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124472,112],{"class":111},[56,124474,115],{"class":70},[56,124476,1546],{"class":1545},[56,124478,115],{"class":70},[56,124480,1481],{"class":101},[56,124482,1553],{"class":70},[56,124484,124485,124487,124489,124491,124493,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,124486,112],{"class":111},[56,124488,115],{"class":70},[56,124490,1481],{"class":101},[56,124492,98],{"class":70},[56,124494,41339],{"class":101},[56,124496,115],{"class":70},[56,124498,181],{"class":180},[56,124500,36],{"class":184},[56,124502,181],{"class":180},[56,124504,1553],{"class":70},[56,124506,124507,124509,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124527,124529],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,124508,112],{"class":111},[56,124510,115],{"class":70},[56,124512,1481],{"class":101},[56,124514,98],{"class":70},[56,124516,8728],{"class":101},[56,124518,8725],{"class":70},[56,124520,41339],{"class":101},[56,124522,115],{"class":70},[56,124524,181],{"class":180},[56,124526,36],{"class":184},[56,124528,181],{"class":180},[56,124530,1553],{"class":70},[56,124532,124533,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545,124547,124549,124551],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,124534,112],{"class":111},[56,124536,115],{"class":70},[56,124538,1481],{"class":101},[56,124540,98],{"class":70},[56,124542,41339],{"class":101},[56,124544,115],{"class":70},[56,124546,181],{"class":180},[56,124548,123367],{"class":184},[56,124550,181],{"class":180},[56,124552,1553],{"class":70},[20,124554,124555],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[143,124557,124558,124561,124566,124569],{},[146,124559,124560],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[146,124562,124563,124565],{},[15,124564,1481],{}," not being a string",[146,124567,124568],{},"counting the wrong substring",[146,124570,124571],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124573,58937],{},[143,124575,124576,124579,124582,124585],{},[146,124577,124578],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[146,124580,124581],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[146,124583,124584],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[146,124586,50573,124587,44710,124589,2976,124591,73384],{},[15,124588,57365],{},[15,124590,124269],{},[15,124592,3972],{},[42,124594,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,124596,124598,124599,124601],{"id":124597},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124600,57365],{}," change the original string?",[20,124603,124604],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1030,124606,14982,124608,124610],{"id":124607},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124609,57365],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124612,124613],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1030,124615,5230,124617,124619],{"id":124616},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124618,57365],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124621,5236,124622,98],{},[15,124623,2218],{},[1030,124625,5258,124627,124629],{"id":124626},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124628,57365],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124631,124632],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1030,124634,1892,124636,124638],{"id":124635},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124637,57365],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124640,124641],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[42,124643,1996],{"id":1995},[143,124645,124646,124653,124660,124667,124674],{},[146,124647,124648],{},[36,124649,124650],{"href":124284},[15,124651,124652],{},"Python string find() method",[146,124654,124655],{},[36,124656,124657],{"href":124294},[15,124658,124659],{},"Python string index() method",[146,124661,124662],{},[36,124663,124664],{"href":124001},[15,124665,124666],{},"Python string lower() method",[146,124668,124669],{},[36,124670,124671],{"href":123529},[15,124672,124673],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[146,124675,124676],{},[36,124677,124678],{"href":124442},[15,124679,124680],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2028,124682,124683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":124685},[124686,124687,124689,124692,124693,124694,124695,124698,124699,124707,124708,124709,124721],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":123395,"depth":92,"text":124688},"What the count() method does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":124690},[124691],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":123611,"depth":92,"text":123612},{"id":65480,"depth":92,"text":66263,"children":124696},[124697],{"id":123832,"depth":108,"text":123833},{"id":123920,"depth":92,"text":123921},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":124700},[124701,124703,124704,124706],{"id":124066,"depth":108,"text":124702},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124176,"depth":108,"text":124177},{"id":124264,"depth":108,"text":124705},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124300,"depth":108,"text":124301},{"id":58448,"depth":92,"text":59079},{"id":26023,"depth":92,"text":26024},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":124710},[124711,124713,124715,124717,124719],{"id":124597,"depth":108,"text":124712},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124607,"depth":108,"text":124714},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124616,"depth":108,"text":124716},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124626,"depth":108,"text":124718},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124635,"depth":108,"text":124720},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123268,"description":124722},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124729,"title":124730,"body":124731,"description":126316,"extension":2062,"meta":126317,"navigation":600,"path":126318,"seo":126319,"stem":126320,"__hash__":126321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124732,"toc":126289},[124733,124736,124739,124836,124845,124847,124866,124870,124873,124876,124889,124892,124921,124926,124931,124989,124991,125024,125030,125034,125037,125040,125069,125072,125099,125102,125105,125109,125112,125119,125182,125184,125202,125205,125209,125212,125215,125257,125260,125304,125307,125310,125314,125319,125322,125365,125367,125390,125393,125426,125429,125478,125488,125492,125495,125498,125527,125530,125541,125543,125602,125605,125609,125612,125615,125630,125639,125642,125676,125679,125706,125709,125716,125718,125721,125723,125726,125740,125749,125751,125778,125782,125785,125799,125802,125861,125865,125868,125895,125898,125925,125933,125936,125996,125998,126031,126035,126038,126057,126062,126111,126116,126118,126121,126180,126198,126200,126204,126212,126216,126219,126223,126229,126233,126243,126247,126250,126252,126286],[10,124734,124730],{"id":124735},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124737,124738],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[47,124740,124742],{"className":49,"code":124741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124743,124744,124756,124768,124777,124791,124795,124805,124815,124826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124745,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124747,7967],{"class":62},[56,124749,67],{"class":66},[56,124751,191],{"class":180},[56,124753,5091],{"class":184},[56,124755,1476],{"class":180},[56,124757,124758,124760,124762,124764,124766],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124759,89926],{"class":62},[56,124761,67],{"class":66},[56,124763,263],{"class":180},[56,124765,34947],{"class":184},[56,124767,29781],{"class":180},[56,124769,124770,124773,124775],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,124771,124772],{"class":62},"empty ",[56,124774,67],{"class":66},[56,124776,7972],{"class":180},[56,124778,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787,124789],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,124780,1466],{"class":62},[56,124782,67],{"class":66},[56,124784,48985],{"class":1545},[56,124786,115],{"class":70},[56,124788,50327],{"class":74},[56,124790,238],{"class":70},[56,124792,124793],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,124794,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,124796,124797,124799,124801,124803],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,124798,112],{"class":111},[56,124800,115],{"class":70},[56,124802,7759],{"class":101},[56,124804,238],{"class":70},[56,124806,124807,124809,124811,124813],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,124808,112],{"class":111},[56,124810,115],{"class":70},[56,124812,89943],{"class":101},[56,124814,238],{"class":70},[56,124816,124817,124819,124821,124824],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,124818,112],{"class":111},[56,124820,115],{"class":70},[56,124822,124823],{"class":101},"empty",[56,124825,238],{"class":70},[56,124827,124828,124830,124832,124834],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,124829,112],{"class":111},[56,124831,115],{"class":70},[56,124833,1481],{"class":101},[56,124835,238],{"class":70},[20,124837,124838,124841,124842,124844],{},[540,124839,124840],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124843,47764],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[42,124846,15242],{"id":15241},[143,124848,124849,124852,124855,124858,124863],{},[146,124850,124851],{},"What a string is in Python",[146,124853,124854],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[146,124856,124857],{},"How to create an empty string",[146,124859,124860,124861],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124862,47764],{},[146,124864,124865],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[42,124867,124869],{"id":124868},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124871,124872],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124874,124875],{},"Strings can contain:",[143,124877,124878,124881,124883,124886],{},[146,124879,124880],{},"Letters",[146,124882,56537],{},[146,124884,124885],{},"Spaces",[146,124887,124888],{},"Symbols",[20,124890,124891],{},"Examples of strings:",[47,124893,124895],{"className":49,"code":124894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124896,124897,124905,124913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124898,124899,124901,124903],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124900,181],{"class":43408},[56,124902,1473],{"class":43412},[56,124904,1476],{"class":43408},[56,124906,124907,124909,124911],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124908,181],{"class":43408},[56,124910,50327],{"class":43412},[56,124912,1476],{"class":43408},[56,124914,124915,124917,124919],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,124916,181],{"class":43408},[56,124918,89068],{"class":43412},[56,124920,1476],{"class":43408},[20,124922,21058,124923,124925],{},[15,124924,50377],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124927,124928,124929,141],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124930,2399],{},[47,124932,124934],{"className":49,"code":124933,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124935,124936,124948,124957,124961,124975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944,124946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124939,1466],{"class":62},[56,124941,67],{"class":66},[56,124943,191],{"class":180},[56,124945,50327],{"class":184},[56,124947,1476],{"class":180},[56,124949,124950,124952,124954],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,124951,2315],{"class":62},[56,124953,67],{"class":66},[56,124955,124956],{"class":74}," 123\n",[56,124958,124959],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,124960,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,124962,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971,124973],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,124964,112],{"class":111},[56,124966,115],{"class":70},[56,124968,1546],{"class":1545},[56,124970,115],{"class":70},[56,124972,1481],{"class":101},[56,124974,1553],{"class":70},[56,124976,124977,124979,124981,124983,124985,124987],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,124978,112],{"class":111},[56,124980,115],{"class":70},[56,124982,1546],{"class":1545},[56,124984,115],{"class":70},[56,124986,2337],{"class":101},[56,124988,1553],{"class":70},[20,124990,241],{},[47,124992,124994],{"className":49,"code":124993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124995,124996,125010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124999,1635],{"class":66},[56,125001,1639],{"class":1638},[56,125003,263],{"class":180},[56,125005,3538],{"class":184},[56,125007,254],{"class":180},[56,125009,1649],{"class":66},[56,125011,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125013,1635],{"class":66},[56,125015,1639],{"class":1638},[56,125017,263],{"class":180},[56,125019,2286],{"class":184},[56,125021,254],{"class":180},[56,125023,1649],{"class":66},[20,125025,125026,125027,98],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[36,125028,125029],{"href":51056},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[42,125031,125033],{"id":125032},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125035,125036],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125038,125039],{},"You can use single quotes:",[47,125041,125043],{"className":49,"code":125042,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125044,125045,125058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125046,125047,125050,125052,125054,125056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125048,125049],{"class":62},"greeting ",[56,125051,67],{"class":66},[56,125053,263],{"class":180},[56,125055,1473],{"class":184},[56,125057,29781],{"class":180},[56,125059,125060,125062,125064,125067],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125061,112],{"class":111},[56,125063,115],{"class":70},[56,125065,125066],{"class":101},"greeting",[56,125068,238],{"class":70},[20,125070,125071],{},"Or double quotes:",[47,125073,125075],{"className":49,"code":125074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125076,125077,125089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125078,125079,125081,125083,125085,125087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125080,125049],{"class":62},[56,125082,67],{"class":66},[56,125084,191],{"class":180},[56,125086,1473],{"class":184},[56,125088,1476],{"class":180},[56,125090,125091,125093,125095,125097],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125092,112],{"class":111},[56,125094,115],{"class":70},[56,125096,125066],{"class":101},[56,125098,238],{"class":70},[20,125100,125101],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125103,125104],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[42,125106,125108],{"id":125107},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125110,125111],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125113,125114,125115,2976,125117,141],{},"Use either ",[15,125116,6362],{},[15,125118,3863],{},[47,125120,125122],{"className":49,"code":125121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125123,125124,125133,125142,125146,125157,125168],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125125,125126,125129,125131],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125127,125128],{"class":62},"empty1 ",[56,125130,67],{"class":66},[56,125132,7972],{"class":180},[56,125134,125135,125138,125140],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125136,125137],{"class":62},"empty2 ",[56,125139,67],{"class":66},[56,125141,47576],{"class":180},[56,125143,125144],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125145,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125147,125148,125150,125152,125155],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125149,112],{"class":111},[56,125151,115],{"class":70},[56,125153,125154],{"class":101},"empty1",[56,125156,238],{"class":70},[56,125158,125159,125161,125163,125166],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125160,112],{"class":111},[56,125162,115],{"class":70},[56,125164,125165],{"class":101},"empty2",[56,125167,238],{"class":70},[56,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178,125180],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,125171,112],{"class":111},[56,125173,115],{"class":70},[56,125175,1546],{"class":1545},[56,125177,115],{"class":70},[56,125179,125154],{"class":101},[56,125181,1553],{"class":70},[20,125183,241],{},[47,125185,125186],{"className":49,"code":45851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,125187,125188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125189,125190,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125191,1635],{"class":66},[56,125193,1639],{"class":1638},[56,125195,263],{"class":180},[56,125197,3538],{"class":184},[56,125199,254],{"class":180},[56,125201,1649],{"class":66},[20,125203,125204],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[42,125206,125208],{"id":125207},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125210,125211],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125213,125214],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[47,125216,125218],{"className":49,"code":125217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125219,125220,125231,125236,125243,125247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125221,125222,125224,125226,125229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125223,89926],{"class":62},[56,125225,67],{"class":66},[56,125227,125228],{"class":180}," \"\"\"",[56,125230,88868],{"class":184},[56,125232,125233],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125234,125235],{"class":184},"Welcome to Python\n",[56,125237,125238,125241],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125239,125240],{"class":184},"Have a nice day",[56,125242,43416],{"class":180},[56,125244,125245],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125246,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125248,125249,125251,125253,125255],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125250,112],{"class":111},[56,125252,115],{"class":70},[56,125254,89943],{"class":101},[56,125256,238],{"class":70},[20,125258,125259],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[47,125261,125263],{"className":49,"code":125262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125264,125265,125277,125282,125290,125294],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125266,125267,125269,125271,125274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125268,89926],{"class":62},[56,125270,67],{"class":66},[56,125272,125273],{"class":180}," '''",[56,125275,125276],{"class":184},"Line 1\n",[56,125278,125279],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125280,125281],{"class":184},"Line 2\n",[56,125283,125284,125287],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125285,125286],{"class":184},"Line 3",[56,125288,125289],{"class":180},"'''\n",[56,125291,125292],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125293,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125295,125296,125298,125300,125302],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125297,112],{"class":111},[56,125299,115],{"class":70},[56,125301,89943],{"class":101},[56,125303,238],{"class":70},[20,125305,125306],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125308,125309],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[42,125311,125313],{"id":125312},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125315,2079,125316,125318],{},[15,125317,47764],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125320,125321],{},"Example with a number:",[47,125323,125325],{"className":49,"code":125324,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125326,125327,125341,125351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125328,125329,125331,125333,125335,125337,125339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125330,1466],{"class":62},[56,125332,67],{"class":66},[56,125334,48985],{"class":1545},[56,125336,115],{"class":70},[56,125338,46606],{"class":74},[56,125340,238],{"class":70},[56,125342,125343,125345,125347,125349],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125344,112],{"class":111},[56,125346,115],{"class":70},[56,125348,1481],{"class":101},[56,125350,238],{"class":70},[56,125352,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361,125363],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125354,112],{"class":111},[56,125356,115],{"class":70},[56,125358,1546],{"class":1545},[56,125360,115],{"class":70},[56,125362,1481],{"class":101},[56,125364,1553],{"class":70},[20,125366,241],{},[47,125368,125370],{"className":49,"code":125369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125371,125372,125376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125373,125374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125375,46692],{"class":74},[56,125377,125378,125380,125382,125384,125386,125388],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125379,1635],{"class":66},[56,125381,1639],{"class":1638},[56,125383,263],{"class":180},[56,125385,3538],{"class":184},[56,125387,254],{"class":180},[56,125389,1649],{"class":66},[20,125391,125392],{},"You can also convert other values:",[47,125394,125396],{"className":49,"code":125395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125397,125398,125412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125399,125400,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125401,112],{"class":111},[56,125403,115],{"class":70},[56,125405,3538],{"class":1545},[56,125407,115],{"class":70},[56,125409,3698],{"class":893},[56,125411,1553],{"class":70},[56,125413,125414,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125415,112],{"class":111},[56,125417,115],{"class":70},[56,125419,3538],{"class":1545},[56,125421,115],{"class":70},[56,125423,40223],{"class":74},[56,125425,1553],{"class":70},[20,125427,125428],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[47,125430,125432],{"className":49,"code":125431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125433,125434,125442,125464,125468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125435,125436,125438,125440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125437,21709],{"class":62},[56,125439,67],{"class":66},[56,125441,45306],{"class":74},[56,125443,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452,125454,125456,125458,125460,125462],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125445,89926],{"class":62},[56,125447,67],{"class":66},[56,125449,191],{"class":180},[56,125451,89344],{"class":184},[56,125453,181],{"class":180},[56,125455,2551],{"class":66},[56,125457,48985],{"class":1545},[56,125459,115],{"class":70},[56,125461,9387],{"class":101},[56,125463,238],{"class":70},[56,125465,125466],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125467,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125469,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125471,112],{"class":111},[56,125473,115],{"class":70},[56,125475,89943],{"class":101},[56,125477,238],{"class":70},[20,125479,125480,125481,2976,125485,98],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[36,125482,2009,125483,2012],{"href":42254},[15,125484,47764],{},[36,125486,125487],{"href":123199},"how to convert int to string in Python",[42,125489,125491],{"id":125490},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125493,125494],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125496,125497],{},"Both of these are valid:",[47,125499,125501],{"className":49,"code":125500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125502,125503,125515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125504,125505,125507,125509,125511,125513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125506,2652],{"class":62},[56,125508,67],{"class":66},[56,125510,263],{"class":180},[56,125512,7387],{"class":184},[56,125514,29781],{"class":180},[56,125516,125517,125519,125521,125523,125525],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125518,2680],{"class":62},[56,125520,67],{"class":66},[56,125522,191],{"class":180},[56,125524,7387],{"class":184},[56,125526,1476],{"class":180},[20,125528,125529],{},"A common rule is:",[143,125531,125532,125535,125538],{},[146,125533,125534],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[146,125536,125537],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[146,125539,125540],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125542,163],{},[47,125544,125546],{"className":49,"code":125545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125547,125548,125562,125576,125580,125591],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125549,125550,125553,125555,125557,125560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125551,125552],{"class":62},"text1 ",[56,125554,67],{"class":66},[56,125556,191],{"class":180},[56,125558,125559],{"class":184},"It's working",[56,125561,1476],{"class":180},[56,125563,125564,125567,125569,125571,125574],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125565,125566],{"class":62},"text2 ",[56,125568,67],{"class":66},[56,125570,263],{"class":180},[56,125572,125573],{"class":184},"She said \"hello\"",[56,125575,29781],{"class":180},[56,125577,125578],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125579,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125581,125582,125584,125586,125589],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125583,112],{"class":111},[56,125585,115],{"class":70},[56,125587,125588],{"class":101},"text1",[56,125590,238],{"class":70},[56,125592,125593,125595,125597,125600],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125594,112],{"class":111},[56,125596,115],{"class":70},[56,125598,125599],{"class":101},"text2",[56,125601,238],{"class":70},[20,125603,125604],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[42,125606,125608],{"id":125607},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125610,125611],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125613,125614],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[47,125616,125618],{"className":49,"code":125617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125619,125620,125625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125621,125622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125623,125624],{"class":123},"# This will cause an error\n",[56,125626,125627],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125628,125629],{"class":123},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125631,125632,125633,35410,125635,125638],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125634,254],{},[15,125636,125637],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125640,125641],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[47,125643,125645],{"className":49,"code":125644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125646,125647,125666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125648,125649,125651,125653,125655,125658,125661,125664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125650,1466],{"class":62},[56,125652,67],{"class":66},[56,125654,263],{"class":180},[56,125656,125657],{"class":184},"It",[56,125659,125660],{"class":34534},"\\'",[56,125662,125663],{"class":184},"s working",[56,125665,29781],{"class":180},[56,125667,125668,125670,125672,125674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125669,112],{"class":111},[56,125671,115],{"class":70},[56,125673,1481],{"class":101},[56,125675,238],{"class":70},[20,125677,125678],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[47,125680,125682],{"className":49,"code":125681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125683,125684,125696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125685,125686,125688,125690,125692,125694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125687,1466],{"class":62},[56,125689,67],{"class":66},[56,125691,191],{"class":180},[56,125693,125559],{"class":184},[56,125695,1476],{"class":180},[56,125697,125698,125700,125702,125704],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125699,112],{"class":111},[56,125701,115],{"class":70},[56,125703,1481],{"class":101},[56,125705,238],{"class":70},[20,125707,125708],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125710,125711,125712,98],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[36,125713,125715],{"href":125714},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[42,125717,1418],{"id":1417},[20,125719,125720],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1030,125722,90133],{"id":90132},[20,125724,125725],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[47,125727,125729],{"className":49,"code":125728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125730,125731,125735],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125732,125733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125734,125624],{"class":123},[56,125736,125737],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125738,125739],{"class":123},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125741,125742,125743,8689,125746,125748],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125744,125745],{},"NameError",[15,125747,5091],{}," is not defined.",[20,125750,10895],{},[47,125752,125754],{"className":49,"code":125753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125755,125756,125768],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125757,125758,125760,125762,125764,125766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125759,7967],{"class":62},[56,125761,67],{"class":66},[56,125763,191],{"class":180},[56,125765,5091],{"class":184},[56,125767,1476],{"class":180},[56,125769,125770,125772,125774,125776],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125771,112],{"class":111},[56,125773,115],{"class":70},[56,125775,7759],{"class":101},[56,125777,238],{"class":70},[1030,125779,125781],{"id":125780},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125783,125784],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[47,125786,125788],{"className":49,"code":125787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125789,125790,125794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125791,125792],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125793,125624],{"class":123},[56,125795,125796],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125797,125798],{"class":123},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125800,125801],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[47,125803,125805],{"className":49,"code":125804,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125806,125807,125824,125837,125841,125851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125808,125809,125811,125813,125815,125817,125819,125822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125810,125552],{"class":62},[56,125812,67],{"class":66},[56,125814,263],{"class":180},[56,125816,125657],{"class":184},[56,125818,125660],{"class":34534},[56,125820,125821],{"class":184},"s good",[56,125823,29781],{"class":180},[56,125825,125826,125828,125830,125832,125835],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125827,125566],{"class":62},[56,125829,67],{"class":66},[56,125831,191],{"class":180},[56,125833,125834],{"class":184},"It's good",[56,125836,1476],{"class":180},[56,125838,125839],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125840,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125842,125843,125845,125847,125849],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125844,112],{"class":111},[56,125846,115],{"class":70},[56,125848,125588],{"class":101},[56,125850,238],{"class":70},[56,125852,125853,125855,125857,125859],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125854,112],{"class":111},[56,125856,115],{"class":70},[56,125858,125599],{"class":101},[56,125860,238],{"class":70},[1030,125862,125864],{"id":125863},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125866,125867],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[47,125869,125871],{"className":49,"code":125870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125872,125873,125885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125874,125875,125877,125879,125881,125883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125876,1466],{"class":62},[56,125878,67],{"class":66},[56,125880,125228],{"class":180},[56,125882,1473],{"class":184},[56,125884,43416],{"class":180},[56,125886,125887,125889,125891,125893],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125888,112],{"class":111},[56,125890,115],{"class":70},[56,125892,1481],{"class":101},[56,125894,238],{"class":70},[20,125896,125897],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[47,125899,125901],{"className":49,"code":125900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125902,125903,125915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125906,1466],{"class":62},[56,125908,67],{"class":66},[56,125910,191],{"class":180},[56,125912,1473],{"class":184},[56,125914,1476],{"class":180},[56,125916,125917,125919,125921,125923],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125918,112],{"class":111},[56,125920,115],{"class":70},[56,125922,1481],{"class":101},[56,125924,238],{"class":70},[1030,125926,4667,125928,4480,125930,125932],{"id":125927},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125929,50327],{},[15,125931,50377],{}," are the same type",[20,125934,125935],{},"They are different:",[47,125937,125939],{"className":49,"code":125938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125940,125941,125950,125963,125967,125981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125942,125943,125946,125948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125944,125945],{"class":62},"value1 ",[56,125947,67],{"class":66},[56,125949,124956],{"class":74},[56,125951,125952,125955,125957,125959,125961],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,125953,125954],{"class":62},"value2 ",[56,125956,67],{"class":66},[56,125958,191],{"class":180},[56,125960,50327],{"class":184},[56,125962,1476],{"class":180},[56,125964,125965],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,125966,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,125968,125969,125971,125973,125975,125977,125979],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,125970,112],{"class":111},[56,125972,115],{"class":70},[56,125974,1546],{"class":1545},[56,125976,115],{"class":70},[56,125978,84689],{"class":101},[56,125980,1553],{"class":70},[56,125982,125983,125985,125987,125989,125991,125994],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,125984,112],{"class":111},[56,125986,115],{"class":70},[56,125988,1546],{"class":1545},[56,125990,115],{"class":70},[56,125992,125993],{"class":101},"value2",[56,125995,1553],{"class":70},[20,125997,241],{},[47,125999,126001],{"className":49,"code":126000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126002,126003,126017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126004,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126006,1635],{"class":66},[56,126008,1639],{"class":1638},[56,126010,263],{"class":180},[56,126012,2286],{"class":184},[56,126014,254],{"class":180},[56,126016,1649],{"class":66},[56,126018,126019,126021,126023,126025,126027,126029],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126020,1635],{"class":66},[56,126022,1639],{"class":1638},[56,126024,263],{"class":180},[56,126026,3538],{"class":184},[56,126028,254],{"class":180},[56,126030,1649],{"class":66},[1030,126032,126034],{"id":126033},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126036,126037],{},"This causes a type error:",[47,126039,126041],{"className":49,"code":126040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126042,126043,126047,126052],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126044,126045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126046,125624],{"class":123},[56,126048,126049],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126050,126051],{"class":123},"# age = 10\n",[56,126053,126054],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126055,126056],{"class":123},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126058,126059,126060,141],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126061,47764],{},[47,126063,126065],{"className":49,"code":126064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126066,126067,126075,126097,126101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126068,126069,126071,126073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126070,21709],{"class":62},[56,126072,67],{"class":66},[56,126074,2685],{"class":74},[56,126076,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126078,89926],{"class":62},[56,126080,67],{"class":66},[56,126082,191],{"class":180},[56,126084,89344],{"class":184},[56,126086,181],{"class":180},[56,126088,2551],{"class":66},[56,126090,48985],{"class":1545},[56,126092,115],{"class":70},[56,126094,9387],{"class":101},[56,126096,238],{"class":70},[56,126098,126099],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126100,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,126102,126103,126105,126107,126109],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,126104,112],{"class":111},[56,126106,115],{"class":70},[56,126108,89943],{"class":101},[56,126110,238],{"class":70},[20,126112,126113,126114,98],{},"For this specific error, see ",[36,126115,90325],{"href":90324},[1030,126117,60786],{"id":60785},[20,126119,126120],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[47,126122,126124],{"className":49,"code":126123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126125,126126,126138,126142,126152,126166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126127,126128,126130,126132,126134,126136],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126129,1466],{"class":62},[56,126131,67],{"class":66},[56,126133,191],{"class":180},[56,126135,1473],{"class":184},[56,126137,1476],{"class":180},[56,126139,126140],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126141,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,126143,126144,126146,126148,126150],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126145,112],{"class":111},[56,126147,115],{"class":70},[56,126149,1481],{"class":101},[56,126151,238],{"class":70},[56,126153,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162,126164],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,126155,112],{"class":111},[56,126157,115],{"class":70},[56,126159,1546],{"class":1545},[56,126161,115],{"class":70},[56,126163,1481],{"class":101},[56,126165,1553],{"class":70},[56,126167,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,126169,112],{"class":111},[56,126171,115],{"class":70},[56,126173,41859],{"class":111},[56,126175,115],{"class":70},[56,126177,1481],{"class":101},[56,126179,1553],{"class":70},[143,126181,126182,126187,126192],{},[146,126183,126184,46359],{},[15,126185,126186],{},"print(text)",[146,126188,126189,46364],{},[15,126190,126191],{},"print(type(text))",[146,126193,126194,126197],{},[15,126195,126196],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[42,126199,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,126201,126203],{"id":126202},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126205,126206,126207,2976,126210,98],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126208,126209],{},"'hello'",[15,126211,64608],{},[1030,126213,126215],{"id":126214},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126217,126218],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1030,126220,126222],{"id":126221},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126224,650,126225,2976,126227,98],{},[15,126226,6362],{},[15,126228,3863],{},[1030,126230,126232],{"id":126231},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126234,650,126235,126237,126238,126240,126241,98],{},[15,126236,47764],{},", like ",[15,126239,80299],{},", which returns ",[15,126242,42206],{},[1030,126244,126246],{"id":126245},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126248,126249],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[42,126251,1996],{"id":1995},[143,126253,126254,126258,126264,126269,126278,126282],{},[146,126255,126256],{},[36,126257,125029],{"href":51056},[146,126259,126260],{},[36,126261,2009,126262,2012],{"href":42254},[15,126263,47764],{},[146,126265,126266],{},[36,126267,126268],{"href":123199},"How to convert int to string in Python",[146,126270,126271],{},[36,126272,126274,126275,1384],{"href":126273},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126276,126277],{},"format()",[146,126279,126280],{},[36,126281,125715],{"href":125714},[146,126283,126284],{},[36,126285,90325],{"href":90324},[2028,126287,126288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":126290},[126291,126292,126293,126294,126295,126296,126297,126298,126299,126308,126315],{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":124868,"depth":92,"text":124869},{"id":125032,"depth":92,"text":125033},{"id":125107,"depth":92,"text":125108},{"id":125207,"depth":92,"text":125208},{"id":125312,"depth":92,"text":125313},{"id":125490,"depth":92,"text":125491},{"id":125607,"depth":92,"text":125608},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":126300},[126301,126302,126303,126304,126306,126307],{"id":90132,"depth":108,"text":90133},{"id":125780,"depth":108,"text":125781},{"id":125863,"depth":108,"text":125864},{"id":125927,"depth":108,"text":126305},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126033,"depth":108,"text":126034},{"id":60785,"depth":108,"text":60786},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":126309},[126310,126311,126312,126313,126314],{"id":126202,"depth":108,"text":126203},{"id":126214,"depth":108,"text":126215},{"id":126221,"depth":108,"text":126222},{"id":126231,"depth":108,"text":126232},{"id":126245,"depth":108,"text":126246},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124730,"description":126316},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126323,"title":126324,"body":126325,"description":128239,"extension":2062,"meta":128240,"navigation":600,"path":128241,"seo":128242,"stem":128243,"__hash__":128244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126326,"toc":128200},[126327,126333,126338,126346,126348,126415,126417,126429,126438,126443,126447,126464,126466,126531,126533,126545,126550,126552,126580,126601,126604,126643,126645,126653,126657,126661,126665,126673,126676,126717,126719,126727,126730,126787,126789,126797,126801,126806,126850,126852,126860,126869,126873,126878,126926,126928,126936,126942,126944,126948,126960,126965,127044,127046,127066,127070,127074,127114,127116,127124,127128,127171,127173,127181,127185,127225,127227,127235,127239,127295,127297,127305,127311,127313,127317,127327,127394,127396,127409,127416,127459,127461,127469,127473,127476,127532,127534,127542,127545,127547,127624,127626,127634,127643,127645,127649,127653,127655,127677,127680,127727,127731,127770,127772,127780,127782,127824,127831,127836,127898,127900,127912,127918,127923,127972,127974,127993,127999,128001,128020,128022,128113,128115,128121,128128,128134,128140,128145,128154,128161,128169,128171,128197],[10,126328,123274,126330,18],{"id":126329},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126331,126332],{},"endswith()",[20,126334,123279,126335,126337],{},[15,126336,126332],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126339,126340,126341,2976,126343,126345],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126342,3698],{},[15,126344,3764],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[42,126347,2104],{"id":2103},[47,126349,126351],{"className":49,"code":126350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126352,126353,126367,126392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126354,126355,126358,126360,126362,126365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126356,126357],{"class":62},"filename ",[56,126359,67],{"class":66},[56,126361,191],{"class":180},[56,126363,126364],{"class":184},"report.csv",[56,126366,1476],{"class":180},[56,126368,126369,126371,126373,126376,126378,126381,126383,126385,126388,126390],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126370,112],{"class":111},[56,126372,115],{"class":70},[56,126374,126375],{"class":101},"filename",[56,126377,98],{"class":70},[56,126379,126380],{"class":101},"endswith",[56,126382,115],{"class":70},[56,126384,181],{"class":180},[56,126386,126387],{"class":184},".csv",[56,126389,181],{"class":180},[56,126391,1553],{"class":70},[56,126393,126394,126396,126398,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126411,126413],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126395,112],{"class":111},[56,126397,115],{"class":70},[56,126399,126375],{"class":101},[56,126401,98],{"class":70},[56,126403,126380],{"class":101},[56,126405,115],{"class":70},[56,126407,181],{"class":180},[56,126409,126410],{"class":184},".txt",[56,126412,181],{"class":180},[56,126414,1553],{"class":70},[20,126416,241],{},[47,126418,126419],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126420,126421,126425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126422,126423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126424,4068],{"class":893},[56,126426,126427],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126428,4129],{"class":893},[20,126430,650,126431,5459,126433,2976,126435,126437],{},[15,126432,126332],{},[15,126434,3698],{},[15,126436,3764],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[42,126439,133,126441,136],{"id":126440},"what-endswith-does",[15,126442,126332],{},[20,126444,126445,141],{},[15,126446,126332],{},[143,126448,126449,126452,126458,126461],{},[146,126450,126451],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[146,126453,154,126454,2976,126456],{},[15,126455,3698],{},[15,126457,3764],{},[146,126459,126460],{},"Does not change the original string",[146,126462,126463],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126465,163],{},[47,126467,126469],{"className":49,"code":126468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126470,126471,126483,126487,126509],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126472,126473,126475,126477,126479,126481],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126474,1466],{"class":62},[56,126476,67],{"class":66},[56,126478,191],{"class":180},[56,126480,60482],{"class":184},[56,126482,1476],{"class":180},[56,126484,126485],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126486,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,126488,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501,126503,126505,126507],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126490,112],{"class":111},[56,126492,115],{"class":70},[56,126494,1481],{"class":101},[56,126496,98],{"class":70},[56,126498,126380],{"class":101},[56,126500,115],{"class":70},[56,126502,181],{"class":180},[56,126504,60667],{"class":184},[56,126506,181],{"class":180},[56,126508,1553],{"class":70},[56,126510,126511,126513,126515,126517,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,126512,112],{"class":111},[56,126514,115],{"class":70},[56,126516,1481],{"class":101},[56,126518,98],{"class":70},[56,126520,126380],{"class":101},[56,126522,115],{"class":70},[56,126524,181],{"class":180},[56,126526,1473],{"class":184},[56,126528,181],{"class":180},[56,126530,1553],{"class":70},[20,126532,241],{},[47,126534,126535],{"className":49,"code":44254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126536,126537,126541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126538,126539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126540,4068],{"class":893},[56,126542,126543],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126544,4129],{"class":893},[20,126546,126547,126548,98],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[36,126549,125029],{"href":51056},[42,126551,289],{"id":288},[47,126553,126555],{"className":49,"code":126554,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126556,126557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126558,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126560,61250],{"class":62},[56,126562,98],{"class":70},[56,126564,126380],{"class":101},[56,126566,115],{"class":70},[56,126568,126569],{"class":101},"suffix",[56,126571,78],{"class":70},[56,126573,36133],{"class":101},[56,126575,78],{"class":70},[56,126577,65114],{"class":101},[56,126579,238],{"class":70},[143,126581,126582,126587,126594],{},[146,126583,126584,126586],{},[15,126585,126569],{}," is required",[146,126588,126589,4480,126591,126593],{},[15,126590,36154],{},[15,126592,52742],{}," are optional",[146,126595,126596,4480,126598,126600],{},[15,126597,36154],{},[15,126599,52742],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126602,126603],{},"Basic example:",[47,126605,126607],{"className":49,"code":126606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126608,126609,126621],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126610,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126612,126357],{"class":62},[56,126614,67],{"class":66},[56,126616,191],{"class":180},[56,126618,86814],{"class":184},[56,126620,1476],{"class":180},[56,126622,126623,126625,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126624,112],{"class":111},[56,126626,115],{"class":70},[56,126628,126375],{"class":101},[56,126630,98],{"class":70},[56,126632,126380],{"class":101},[56,126634,115],{"class":70},[56,126636,181],{"class":180},[56,126638,126410],{"class":184},[56,126640,181],{"class":180},[56,126642,1553],{"class":70},[20,126644,241],{},[47,126646,126647],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126648,126649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126650,126651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126652,4068],{"class":893},[42,126654,126656],{"id":126655},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1030,126658,126659],{"id":126569},[15,126660,126569],{},[20,126662,126663,30832],{},[15,126664,126569],{},[143,126666,126667,126670],{},[146,126668,126669],{},"A single string",[146,126671,126672],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126674,126675],{},"Single suffix:",[47,126677,126679],{"className":49,"code":126678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126680,126681,126694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126682,126683,126685,126687,126689,126692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126684,7967],{"class":62},[56,126686,67],{"class":66},[56,126688,191],{"class":180},[56,126690,126691],{"class":184},"image.png",[56,126693,1476],{"class":180},[56,126695,126696,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710,126713,126715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126697,112],{"class":111},[56,126699,115],{"class":70},[56,126701,7759],{"class":101},[56,126703,98],{"class":70},[56,126705,126380],{"class":101},[56,126707,115],{"class":70},[56,126709,181],{"class":180},[56,126711,126712],{"class":184},".png",[56,126714,181],{"class":180},[56,126716,1553],{"class":70},[20,126718,241],{},[47,126720,126721],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126722,126723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126724,126725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126726,4068],{"class":893},[20,126728,126729],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[47,126731,126733],{"className":49,"code":126732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126734,126735,126747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126736,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126738,7967],{"class":62},[56,126740,67],{"class":66},[56,126742,191],{"class":180},[56,126744,126691],{"class":184},[56,126746,1476],{"class":180},[56,126748,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126783,126785],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126750,112],{"class":111},[56,126752,115],{"class":70},[56,126754,7759],{"class":101},[56,126756,98],{"class":70},[56,126758,126380],{"class":101},[56,126760,5600],{"class":70},[56,126762,181],{"class":180},[56,126764,126765],{"class":184},".jpg",[56,126767,181],{"class":180},[56,126769,78],{"class":70},[56,126771,191],{"class":180},[56,126773,126712],{"class":184},[56,126775,181],{"class":180},[56,126777,78],{"class":70},[56,126779,191],{"class":180},[56,126781,126782],{"class":184},".gif",[56,126784,181],{"class":180},[56,126786,3010],{"class":70},[20,126788,241],{},[47,126790,126791],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126792,126793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126794,126795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126796,4068],{"class":893},[1030,126798,126799],{"id":36154},[15,126800,36154],{},[20,126802,126803,126805],{},[15,126804,36154],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[47,126807,126809],{"className":49,"code":126808,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126810,126811,126824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126812,126813,126815,126817,126819,126822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126814,1466],{"class":62},[56,126816,67],{"class":66},[56,126818,191],{"class":180},[56,126820,126821],{"class":184},"my_report.csv",[56,126823,1476],{"class":180},[56,126825,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126827,112],{"class":111},[56,126829,115],{"class":70},[56,126831,1481],{"class":101},[56,126833,98],{"class":70},[56,126835,126380],{"class":101},[56,126837,115],{"class":70},[56,126839,181],{"class":180},[56,126841,126387],{"class":184},[56,126843,181],{"class":180},[56,126845,78],{"class":70},[56,126847,86],{"class":74},[56,126849,1553],{"class":70},[20,126851,241],{},[47,126853,126854],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126855,126856],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126857,126858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126859,4068],{"class":893},[20,126861,126862,126863,126865,126866,98],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126864,901],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126867,126868],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1030,126870,126871],{"id":52742},[15,126872,52742],{},[20,126874,126875,126877],{},[15,126876,52742],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[47,126879,126881],{"className":49,"code":126880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126882,126883,126896],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126884,126885,126887,126889,126891,126894],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126886,1466],{"class":62},[56,126888,67],{"class":66},[56,126890,191],{"class":180},[56,126892,126893],{"class":184},"report.csv backup",[56,126895,1476],{"class":180},[56,126897,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126899,112],{"class":111},[56,126901,115],{"class":70},[56,126903,1481],{"class":101},[56,126905,98],{"class":70},[56,126907,126380],{"class":101},[56,126909,115],{"class":70},[56,126911,181],{"class":180},[56,126913,126387],{"class":184},[56,126915,181],{"class":180},[56,126917,78],{"class":70},[56,126919,3923],{"class":74},[56,126921,78],{"class":70},[56,126923,508],{"class":74},[56,126925,1553],{"class":70},[20,126927,241],{},[47,126929,126930],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,126931,126932],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126933,126934],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126935,4068],{"class":893},[20,126937,126938,126939,126941],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126940,126868],{}," and ignores the rest.",[42,126943,17500],{"id":17499},[20,126945,126946,25590],{},[15,126947,126332],{},[143,126949,126950,126955],{},[146,126951,126952,126954],{},[15,126953,3698],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[146,126956,126957,126959],{},[15,126958,3764],{}," if it does not",[20,126961,126962,126963,7262],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126964,7087],{},[47,126966,126968],{"className":49,"code":126967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126969,126970,126983,126987,127008,127023,127029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126971,126972,126974,126976,126978,126981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126973,126357],{"class":62},[56,126975,67],{"class":66},[56,126977,191],{"class":180},[56,126979,126980],{"class":184},"data.csv",[56,126982,1476],{"class":180},[56,126984,126985],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,126986,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,126988,126989,126991,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,126990,7087],{"class":3965},[56,126992,126993],{"class":62}," filename",[56,126995,98],{"class":70},[56,126997,126380],{"class":101},[56,126999,115],{"class":70},[56,127001,181],{"class":180},[56,127003,126387],{"class":184},[56,127005,181],{"class":180},[56,127007,8431],{"class":70},[56,127009,127010,127012,127014,127016,127019,127021],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,127011,8160],{"class":111},[56,127013,115],{"class":70},[56,127015,181],{"class":180},[56,127017,127018],{"class":184},"This is a CSV file.",[56,127020,181],{"class":180},[56,127022,238],{"class":70},[56,127024,127025,127027],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,127026,27516],{"class":3965},[56,127028,6484],{"class":70},[56,127030,127031,127033,127035,127037,127040,127042],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,127032,8160],{"class":111},[56,127034,115],{"class":70},[56,127036,181],{"class":180},[56,127038,127039],{"class":184},"This is not a CSV file.",[56,127041,181],{"class":180},[56,127043,238],{"class":70},[20,127045,241],{},[47,127047,127049],{"className":49,"code":127048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127050,127051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127052,127053,127055,127057,127059,127062,127064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127054,49960],{"class":62},[56,127056,12277],{"class":66},[56,127058,44625],{"class":62},[56,127060,127061],{"class":34534},"CSV",[56,127063,86555],{"class":86554},[56,127065,122306],{"class":70},[42,127067,127069],{"id":127068},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1030,127071,127073],{"id":127072},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[47,127075,127077],{"className":49,"code":127076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127078,127079,127092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127080,127081,127083,127085,127087,127090],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127082,126357],{"class":62},[56,127084,67],{"class":66},[56,127086,191],{"class":180},[56,127088,127089],{"class":184},"sales.csv",[56,127091,1476],{"class":180},[56,127093,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127095,112],{"class":111},[56,127097,115],{"class":70},[56,127099,126375],{"class":101},[56,127101,98],{"class":70},[56,127103,126380],{"class":101},[56,127105,115],{"class":70},[56,127107,181],{"class":180},[56,127109,126387],{"class":184},[56,127111,181],{"class":180},[56,127113,1553],{"class":70},[20,127115,241],{},[47,127117,127118],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127119,127120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127121,127122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127123,4068],{"class":893},[1030,127125,127127],{"id":127126},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[47,127129,127131],{"className":49,"code":127130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127132,127133,127147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127134,127135,127138,127140,127142,127145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127136,127137],{"class":62},"url ",[56,127139,67],{"class":66},[56,127141,191],{"class":180},[56,127143,127144],{"class":184},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[56,127146,1476],{"class":180},[56,127148,127149,127151,127153,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127167,127169],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127150,112],{"class":111},[56,127152,115],{"class":70},[56,127154,127155],{"class":101},"url",[56,127157,98],{"class":70},[56,127159,126380],{"class":101},[56,127161,115],{"class":70},[56,127163,181],{"class":180},[56,127165,127166],{"class":184},"\u002F",[56,127168,181],{"class":180},[56,127170,1553],{"class":70},[20,127172,241],{},[47,127174,127175],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127176,127177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127178,127179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127180,4068],{"class":893},[1030,127182,127184],{"id":127183},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[47,127186,127188],{"className":49,"code":127187,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127189,127190,127203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127193,89926],{"class":62},[56,127195,67],{"class":66},[56,127197,191],{"class":180},[56,127199,127200],{"class":184},"Hello!",[56,127202,1476],{"class":180},[56,127204,127205,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127206,112],{"class":111},[56,127208,115],{"class":70},[56,127210,89943],{"class":101},[56,127212,98],{"class":70},[56,127214,126380],{"class":101},[56,127216,115],{"class":70},[56,127218,181],{"class":180},[56,127220,89767],{"class":184},[56,127222,181],{"class":180},[56,127224,1553],{"class":70},[20,127226,241],{},[47,127228,127229],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127230,127231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127232,127233],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127234,4068],{"class":893},[1030,127236,127238],{"id":127237},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[47,127240,127242],{"className":49,"code":127241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127243,127244,127257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127245,127246,127248,127250,127252,127255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127247,126357],{"class":62},[56,127249,67],{"class":66},[56,127251,191],{"class":180},[56,127253,127254],{"class":184},"photo.jpg",[56,127256,1476],{"class":180},[56,127258,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127260,112],{"class":111},[56,127262,115],{"class":70},[56,127264,126375],{"class":101},[56,127266,98],{"class":70},[56,127268,126380],{"class":101},[56,127270,5600],{"class":70},[56,127272,181],{"class":180},[56,127274,126765],{"class":184},[56,127276,181],{"class":180},[56,127278,78],{"class":70},[56,127280,191],{"class":180},[56,127282,126712],{"class":184},[56,127284,181],{"class":180},[56,127286,78],{"class":70},[56,127288,191],{"class":180},[56,127290,126782],{"class":184},[56,127292,181],{"class":180},[56,127294,3010],{"class":70},[20,127296,241],{},[47,127298,127299],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127300,127301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127302,127303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127304,4068],{"class":893},[20,127306,127307,127308,98],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[36,127309,127310],{"href":123529},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[42,127312,123921],{"id":123920},[20,127314,127315,123732],{},[15,127316,126332],{},[20,127318,127319,127320,4480,127323,127326],{},"That means ",[15,127321,127322],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127324,127325],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[47,127328,127330],{"className":49,"code":127329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127331,127332,127345,127349,127371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127333,127334,127336,127338,127340,127343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127335,126357],{"class":62},[56,127337,67],{"class":66},[56,127339,191],{"class":180},[56,127341,127342],{"class":184},"REPORT.CSV",[56,127344,1476],{"class":180},[56,127346,127347],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127348,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,127350,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,127352,112],{"class":111},[56,127354,115],{"class":70},[56,127356,126375],{"class":101},[56,127358,98],{"class":70},[56,127360,126380],{"class":101},[56,127362,115],{"class":70},[56,127364,181],{"class":180},[56,127366,126387],{"class":184},[56,127368,181],{"class":180},[56,127370,1553],{"class":70},[56,127372,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127390,127392],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,127374,112],{"class":111},[56,127376,115],{"class":70},[56,127378,126375],{"class":101},[56,127380,98],{"class":70},[56,127382,126380],{"class":101},[56,127384,115],{"class":70},[56,127386,181],{"class":180},[56,127388,127389],{"class":184},".CSV",[56,127391,181],{"class":180},[56,127393,1553],{"class":70},[20,127395,241],{},[47,127397,127399],{"className":49,"code":127398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127400,127401,127405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127402,127403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127404,4129],{"class":893},[56,127406,127407],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127408,4068],{"class":893},[20,127410,127411,127412,98],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[36,127413,127414],{"href":124001},[15,127415,124004],{},[47,127417,127419],{"className":49,"code":127418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127420,127421,127433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127422,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127424,126357],{"class":62},[56,127426,67],{"class":66},[56,127428,191],{"class":180},[56,127430,127342],{"class":184},[56,127432,1476],{"class":180},[56,127434,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127436,112],{"class":111},[56,127438,115],{"class":70},[56,127440,126375],{"class":101},[56,127442,98],{"class":70},[56,127444,8728],{"class":101},[56,127446,8725],{"class":70},[56,127448,126380],{"class":101},[56,127450,115],{"class":70},[56,127452,181],{"class":180},[56,127454,126387],{"class":184},[56,127456,181],{"class":180},[56,127458,1553],{"class":70},[20,127460,241],{},[47,127462,127463],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127464,127465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127466,127467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127468,4068],{"class":893},[42,127470,127472],{"id":127471},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127474,127475],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[47,127477,127479],{"className":49,"code":127478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127480,127481,127494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127482,127483,127485,127487,127489,127492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127484,126357],{"class":62},[56,127486,67],{"class":66},[56,127488,191],{"class":180},[56,127490,127491],{"class":184},"picture.gif",[56,127493,1476],{"class":180},[56,127495,127496,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127497,112],{"class":111},[56,127499,115],{"class":70},[56,127501,126375],{"class":101},[56,127503,98],{"class":70},[56,127505,126380],{"class":101},[56,127507,5600],{"class":70},[56,127509,181],{"class":180},[56,127511,126765],{"class":184},[56,127513,181],{"class":180},[56,127515,78],{"class":70},[56,127517,191],{"class":180},[56,127519,126712],{"class":184},[56,127521,181],{"class":180},[56,127523,78],{"class":70},[56,127525,191],{"class":180},[56,127527,126782],{"class":184},[56,127529,181],{"class":180},[56,127531,3010],{"class":70},[20,127533,241],{},[47,127535,127536],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127537,127538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127539,127540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127541,4068],{"class":893},[20,127543,127544],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127546,52161],{},[47,127548,127550],{"className":49,"code":127549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127551,127552,127565,127600,127604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127553,127554,127557,127559,127561,127563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127555,127556],{"class":62},"document ",[56,127558,67],{"class":66},[56,127560,191],{"class":180},[56,127562,86814],{"class":184},[56,127564,1476],{"class":180},[56,127566,127567,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127587,127589,127591,127593,127596,127598],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127568,127569],{"class":62},"allowed ",[56,127571,67],{"class":66},[56,127573,9324],{"class":70},[56,127575,181],{"class":180},[56,127577,126410],{"class":184},[56,127579,181],{"class":180},[56,127581,78],{"class":70},[56,127583,191],{"class":180},[56,127585,127586],{"class":184},".md",[56,127588,181],{"class":180},[56,127590,78],{"class":70},[56,127592,191],{"class":180},[56,127594,127595],{"class":184},".docx",[56,127597,181],{"class":180},[56,127599,238],{"class":70},[56,127601,127602],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,127603,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,127605,127606,127608,127610,127613,127615,127617,127619,127622],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,127607,112],{"class":111},[56,127609,115],{"class":70},[56,127611,127612],{"class":101},"document",[56,127614,98],{"class":70},[56,127616,126380],{"class":101},[56,127618,115],{"class":70},[56,127620,127621],{"class":101},"allowed",[56,127623,1553],{"class":70},[20,127625,241],{},[47,127627,127628],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127629,127630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127631,127632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127633,4068],{"class":893},[20,127635,127636,127637,98],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[36,127638,126274,127640,1384],{"href":127639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127641,127642],{},"startswith()",[42,127644,1418],{"id":1417},[20,127646,8535,127647,98],{},[15,127648,126332],{},[1030,127650,127652],{"id":127651},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127654,4613],{},[47,127656,127658],{"className":49,"code":127657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127659,127660,127672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127661,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127663,126357],{"class":62},[56,127665,67],{"class":66},[56,127667,191],{"class":180},[56,127669,127254],{"class":184},[56,127671,1476],{"class":180},[56,127673,127674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127675,127676],{"class":123},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127678,127679],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[47,127681,127683],{"className":49,"code":127682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127684,127685,127697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127686,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127688,126357],{"class":62},[56,127690,67],{"class":66},[56,127692,191],{"class":180},[56,127694,127254],{"class":184},[56,127696,1476],{"class":180},[56,127698,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127700,112],{"class":111},[56,127702,115],{"class":70},[56,127704,126375],{"class":101},[56,127706,98],{"class":70},[56,127708,126380],{"class":101},[56,127710,5600],{"class":70},[56,127712,181],{"class":180},[56,127714,126765],{"class":184},[56,127716,181],{"class":180},[56,127718,78],{"class":70},[56,127720,191],{"class":180},[56,127722,126712],{"class":184},[56,127724,181],{"class":180},[56,127726,3010],{"class":70},[1030,127728,127730],{"id":127729},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[47,127732,127734],{"className":49,"code":127733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127735,127736,127748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127739,126357],{"class":62},[56,127741,67],{"class":66},[56,127743,191],{"class":180},[56,127745,127342],{"class":184},[56,127747,1476],{"class":180},[56,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127751,112],{"class":111},[56,127753,115],{"class":70},[56,127755,126375],{"class":101},[56,127757,98],{"class":70},[56,127759,126380],{"class":101},[56,127761,115],{"class":70},[56,127763,181],{"class":180},[56,127765,126387],{"class":184},[56,127767,181],{"class":180},[56,127769,1553],{"class":70},[20,127771,241],{},[47,127773,127774],{"className":49,"code":4129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127775,127776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127777,127778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127779,4129],{"class":893},[20,127781,39341],{},[47,127783,127784],{"className":49,"code":127418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127785,127786,127798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127787,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127789,126357],{"class":62},[56,127791,67],{"class":66},[56,127793,191],{"class":180},[56,127795,127342],{"class":184},[56,127797,1476],{"class":180},[56,127799,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127801,112],{"class":111},[56,127803,115],{"class":70},[56,127805,126375],{"class":101},[56,127807,98],{"class":70},[56,127809,8728],{"class":101},[56,127811,8725],{"class":70},[56,127813,126380],{"class":101},[56,127815,115],{"class":70},[56,127817,181],{"class":180},[56,127819,126387],{"class":184},[56,127821,181],{"class":180},[56,127823,1553],{"class":70},[1030,127825,1447,127827,1450,127829],{"id":127826},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127828,126332],{},[15,127830,3972],{},[20,127832,127833,127835],{},[15,127834,126332],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[47,127837,127839],{"className":49,"code":127838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127840,127841,127854,127858,127880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127842,127843,127845,127847,127849,127852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127844,1466],{"class":62},[56,127846,67],{"class":66},[56,127848,191],{"class":180},[56,127850,127851],{"class":184},"my_report.csv.backup",[56,127853,1476],{"class":180},[56,127855,127856],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127857,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,127859,127860,127862,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,127861,112],{"class":111},[56,127863,115],{"class":70},[56,127865,1481],{"class":101},[56,127867,98],{"class":70},[56,127869,126380],{"class":101},[56,127871,115],{"class":70},[56,127873,181],{"class":180},[56,127875,126387],{"class":184},[56,127877,181],{"class":180},[56,127879,1553],{"class":70},[56,127881,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,127883,112],{"class":111},[56,127885,115],{"class":70},[56,127887,181],{"class":180},[56,127889,126387],{"class":184},[56,127891,181],{"class":180},[56,127893,21254],{"class":3965},[56,127895,42921],{"class":101},[56,127897,238],{"class":70},[20,127899,241],{},[47,127901,127902],{"className":49,"code":127398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,127903,127904,127908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127905,127906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127907,4129],{"class":893},[56,127909,127910],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127911,4068],{"class":893},[1030,127913,1435,127915,127917],{"id":127914},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127916,126332],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127919,127920,127922],{},[15,127921,126332],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[47,127924,127926],{"className":49,"code":127925,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127927,127928,127940,127962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127929,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127931,126357],{"class":62},[56,127933,67],{"class":66},[56,127935,191],{"class":180},[56,127937,126364],{"class":184},[56,127939,1476],{"class":180},[56,127941,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127943,112],{"class":111},[56,127945,115],{"class":70},[56,127947,126375],{"class":101},[56,127949,98],{"class":70},[56,127951,126380],{"class":101},[56,127953,115],{"class":70},[56,127955,181],{"class":180},[56,127957,126387],{"class":184},[56,127959,181],{"class":180},[56,127961,1553],{"class":70},[56,127963,127964,127966,127968,127970],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,127965,112],{"class":111},[56,127967,115],{"class":70},[56,127969,126375],{"class":101},[56,127971,238],{"class":70},[20,127973,241],{},[47,127975,127977],{"className":49,"code":127976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127978,127979,127983],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127980,127981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127982,4068],{"class":893},[56,127984,127985,127988,127990],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,127986,127987],{"class":62},"report",[56,127989,98],{"class":70},[56,127991,127992],{"class":24831},"csv\n",[20,127994,127995,127996,98],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[36,127997,127998],{"href":124442},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128000,66137],{},[143,128002,128003,128006,128009,128012],{},[146,128004,128005],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[146,128007,128008],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[146,128010,128011],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[146,128013,1441,128014,44710,128016,2976,128018,111471],{},[15,128015,126332],{},[15,128017,124445],{},[15,128019,41733],{},[20,128021,30217],{},[47,128023,128025],{"className":49,"code":128024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128026,128027,128037,128051,128073,128099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128028,128029,128031,128033,128035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128030,112],{"class":111},[56,128032,115],{"class":70},[56,128034,1481],{"class":101},[56,128036,238],{"class":70},[56,128038,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128040,112],{"class":111},[56,128042,115],{"class":70},[56,128044,41859],{"class":111},[56,128046,115],{"class":70},[56,128048,1481],{"class":101},[56,128050,1553],{"class":70},[56,128052,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128054,112],{"class":111},[56,128056,115],{"class":70},[56,128058,1481],{"class":101},[56,128060,98],{"class":70},[56,128062,126380],{"class":101},[56,128064,115],{"class":70},[56,128066,254],{"class":180},[56,128068,126387],{"class":184},[56,128070,254],{"class":180},[56,128072,1553],{"class":70},[56,128074,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128076,112],{"class":111},[56,128078,115],{"class":70},[56,128080,1481],{"class":101},[56,128082,98],{"class":70},[56,128084,8728],{"class":101},[56,128086,8725],{"class":70},[56,128088,126380],{"class":101},[56,128090,115],{"class":70},[56,128092,254],{"class":180},[56,128094,126387],{"class":184},[56,128096,254],{"class":180},[56,128098,1553],{"class":70},[56,128100,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128102,112],{"class":111},[56,128104,115],{"class":70},[56,128106,1546],{"class":1545},[56,128108,115],{"class":70},[56,128110,1481],{"class":101},[56,128112,1553],{"class":70},[42,128114,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,128116,1892,128118,128120],{"id":128117},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128119,126332],{}," change the string?",[20,128122,128123,128124,2976,128126,98],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128125,3698],{},[15,128127,3764],{},[1030,128129,5258,128131,128133],{"id":128130},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128132,126332],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128135,128136,128137,98],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128138,128139],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1030,128141,14982,128143,124610],{"id":128142},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128144,126332],{},[20,128146,128147,128148,2976,128150,128153],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128149,124004],{},[15,128151,128152],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1030,128155,5268,128157,4480,128159,1911],{"id":128156},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128158,126332],{},[15,128160,124269],{},[20,128162,128163,128165,128166,128168],{},[15,128164,126332],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128167,124269],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[42,128170,1996],{"id":1995},[143,128172,128173,128179,128185,128189,128193],{},[146,128174,128175],{},[36,128176,126274,128177,1384],{"href":127639},[15,128178,127642],{},[146,128180,128181],{},[36,128182,126274,128183,1384],{"href":124001},[15,128184,124004],{},[146,128186,128187],{},[36,128188,124673],{"href":123529},[146,128190,128191],{},[36,128192,124680],{"href":124442},[146,128194,128195],{},[36,128196,125029],{"href":51056},[2028,128198,128199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":128201},[128202,128203,128205,128206,128211,128212,128218,128219,128220,128228,128238],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":126440,"depth":92,"text":128204},"What endswith() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":126655,"depth":92,"text":126656,"children":128207},[128208,128209,128210],{"id":126569,"depth":108,"text":126569},{"id":36154,"depth":108,"text":36154},{"id":52742,"depth":108,"text":52742},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":127068,"depth":92,"text":127069,"children":128213},[128214,128215,128216,128217],{"id":127072,"depth":108,"text":127073},{"id":127126,"depth":108,"text":127127},{"id":127183,"depth":108,"text":127184},{"id":127237,"depth":108,"text":127238},{"id":123920,"depth":92,"text":123921},{"id":127471,"depth":92,"text":127472},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":128221},[128222,128223,128224,128226],{"id":127651,"depth":108,"text":127652},{"id":127729,"depth":108,"text":127730},{"id":127826,"depth":108,"text":128225},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127914,"depth":108,"text":128227},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":128229},[128230,128232,128234,128236],{"id":128117,"depth":108,"text":128231},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128130,"depth":108,"text":128233},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128142,"depth":108,"text":128235},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128156,"depth":108,"text":128237},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126324,"description":128239},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128246,"title":128247,"body":128248,"description":129916,"extension":2062,"meta":129917,"navigation":600,"path":129918,"seo":129919,"stem":129920,"__hash__":129921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128249,"toc":129889},[128250,128255,128260,128265,128270,128363,128373,128378,128383,128398,128400,128482,128490,128492,128494,128521,128523,128539,128546,128548,128656,128658,128663,128679,128681,128776,128784,128787,128793,128798,128803,128810,128949,128952,128965,128967,128971,128978,129048,129051,129100,129107,129114,129128,129133,129138,129184,129230,129246,129248,129253,129267,129270,129392,129397,129399,129404,129437,129440,129516,129518,129527,129541,129544,129628,129631,129742,129745,129773,129775,129782,129786,129792,129795,129801,129804,129811,129822,129828,129835,129837,129886],[10,128251,123274,128253,18],{"id":128252},"python-string-find-method",[15,128254,124269],{},[20,128256,123279,128257,128259],{},[15,128258,124269],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128261,128262,128263,98],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128264,65928],{},[20,128266,650,128267,128269],{},[15,128268,124269],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[47,128271,128273],{"className":49,"code":128272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128274,128275,128287,128310,128323,128327,128350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128276,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128278,1466],{"class":62},[56,128280,67],{"class":66},[56,128282,191],{"class":180},[56,128284,60482],{"class":184},[56,128286,1476],{"class":180},[56,128288,128289,128291,128293,128295,128297,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128290,64993],{"class":62},[56,128292,67],{"class":66},[56,128294,42921],{"class":62},[56,128296,98],{"class":70},[56,128298,128299],{"class":101},"find",[56,128301,115],{"class":70},[56,128303,181],{"class":180},[56,128305,60667],{"class":184},[56,128307,181],{"class":180},[56,128309,238],{"class":70},[56,128311,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128313,112],{"class":111},[56,128315,115],{"class":70},[56,128317,65020],{"class":101},[56,128319,120],{"class":70},[56,128321,128322],{"class":123},"   # 6\n",[56,128324,128325],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128326,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,128328,128329,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128330,128331],{"class":62},"missing ",[56,128333,67],{"class":66},[56,128335,42921],{"class":62},[56,128337,98],{"class":70},[56,128339,128299],{"class":101},[56,128341,115],{"class":70},[56,128343,181],{"class":180},[56,128345,51],{"class":184},[56,128347,181],{"class":180},[56,128349,238],{"class":70},[56,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,128353,112],{"class":111},[56,128355,115],{"class":70},[56,128357,26855],{"class":101},[56,128359,120],{"class":70},[56,128361,128362],{"class":123},"    # -1\n",[43660,128364,128365],{},[20,128366,650,128367,128369,128370,128372],{},[15,128368,124269],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128371,65928],{}," if the substring is not found.",[42,128374,133,128376,136],{"id":128375},"what-find-does",[15,128377,124269],{},[20,128379,128380,128382],{},[15,128381,124269],{}," is a string method that:",[143,128384,128385,128388,128391,128396],{},[146,128386,128387],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[146,128389,128390],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[146,128392,154,128393,128395],{},[15,128394,65928],{}," if no match is found",[146,128397,126460],{},[20,128399,163],{},[47,128401,128403],{"className":49,"code":128402,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128404,128405,128417,128421,128445,128469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128406,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128408,1466],{"class":62},[56,128410,67],{"class":66},[56,128412,191],{"class":180},[56,128414,571],{"class":184},[56,128416,1476],{"class":180},[56,128418,128419],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128420,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,128422,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128424,112],{"class":111},[56,128426,115],{"class":70},[56,128428,1481],{"class":101},[56,128430,98],{"class":70},[56,128432,128299],{"class":101},[56,128434,115],{"class":70},[56,128436,181],{"class":180},[56,128438,123367],{"class":184},[56,128440,181],{"class":180},[56,128442,5451],{"class":70},[56,128444,57720],{"class":123},[56,128446,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128448,112],{"class":111},[56,128450,115],{"class":70},[56,128452,1481],{"class":101},[56,128454,98],{"class":70},[56,128456,128299],{"class":101},[56,128458,115],{"class":70},[56,128460,181],{"class":180},[56,128462,2271],{"class":184},[56,128464,181],{"class":180},[56,128466,5451],{"class":70},[56,128468,128362],{"class":123},[56,128470,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128472,112],{"class":111},[56,128474,115],{"class":70},[56,128476,1481],{"class":101},[56,128478,120],{"class":70},[56,128480,128481],{"class":123},"              # banana\n",[20,128483,20851,128484,128487,128488,98],{},[15,128485,128486],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128489,1097],{},[42,128491,289],{"id":288},[20,128493,292],{},[47,128495,128497],{"className":49,"code":128496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128498,128499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128500,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128502,61250],{"class":62},[56,128504,98],{"class":70},[56,128506,128299],{"class":101},[56,128508,115],{"class":70},[56,128510,2570],{"class":101},[56,128512,78],{"class":70},[56,128514,36133],{"class":101},[56,128516,78],{"class":70},[56,128518,65114],{"class":101},[56,128520,238],{"class":70},[1030,128522,17476],{"id":17475},[143,128524,128525,128529,128534],{},[146,128526,128527,123466],{},[15,128528,2570],{},[146,128530,128531,128533],{},[15,128532,36154],{},": optional starting position",[146,128535,128536,128538],{},[15,128537,52742],{},": optional ending position",[20,128540,128541,4480,128543,128545],{},[15,128542,36154],{},[15,128544,52742],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128547,126603],{},[47,128549,128551],{"className":49,"code":128550,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128552,128553,128565,128569,128594,128623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128554,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128556,1466],{"class":62},[56,128558,67],{"class":66},[56,128560,191],{"class":180},[56,128562,60482],{"class":184},[56,128564,1476],{"class":180},[56,128566,128567],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128568,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,128570,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128572,112],{"class":111},[56,128574,115],{"class":70},[56,128576,1481],{"class":101},[56,128578,98],{"class":70},[56,128580,128299],{"class":101},[56,128582,115],{"class":70},[56,128584,181],{"class":180},[56,128586,60549],{"class":184},[56,128588,181],{"class":180},[56,128590,5451],{"class":70},[56,128592,128593],{"class":123},"        # 4\n",[56,128595,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128597,112],{"class":111},[56,128599,115],{"class":70},[56,128601,1481],{"class":101},[56,128603,98],{"class":70},[56,128605,128299],{"class":101},[56,128607,115],{"class":70},[56,128609,181],{"class":180},[56,128611,60549],{"class":184},[56,128613,181],{"class":180},[56,128615,78],{"class":70},[56,128617,4693],{"class":74},[56,128619,5451],{"class":70},[56,128621,128622],{"class":123},"     # 7\n",[56,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128626,112],{"class":111},[56,128628,115],{"class":70},[56,128630,1481],{"class":101},[56,128632,98],{"class":70},[56,128634,128299],{"class":101},[56,128636,115],{"class":70},[56,128638,181],{"class":180},[56,128640,60549],{"class":184},[56,128642,181],{"class":180},[56,128644,78],{"class":70},[56,128646,4693],{"class":74},[56,128648,78],{"class":70},[56,128650,6084],{"class":74},[56,128652,5451],{"class":70},[56,128654,128655],{"class":123},"  # -1\n",[42,128657,38099],{"id":38098},[20,128659,57619,128660,128662],{},[15,128661,124269],{}," is always an integer.",[143,128664,128665,128671,128674],{},[146,128666,128667,128668,128670],{},"A number ",[15,128669,2218],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[146,128672,128673],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[146,128675,128676,128678],{},[15,128677,65928],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128680,163],{},[47,128682,128684],{"className":49,"code":128683,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128685,128686,128698,128702,128727,128752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128687,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128689,1466],{"class":62},[56,128691,67],{"class":66},[56,128693,191],{"class":180},[56,128695,51],{"class":184},[56,128697,1476],{"class":180},[56,128699,128700],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128701,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,128703,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128718,128721,128723,128725],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128705,112],{"class":111},[56,128707,115],{"class":70},[56,128709,1481],{"class":101},[56,128711,98],{"class":70},[56,128713,128299],{"class":101},[56,128715,115],{"class":70},[56,128717,181],{"class":180},[56,128719,128720],{"class":184},"py",[56,128722,181],{"class":180},[56,128724,5451],{"class":70},[56,128726,20848],{"class":123},[56,128728,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128746,128748,128750],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128730,112],{"class":111},[56,128732,115],{"class":70},[56,128734,1481],{"class":101},[56,128736,98],{"class":70},[56,128738,128299],{"class":101},[56,128740,115],{"class":70},[56,128742,181],{"class":180},[56,128744,128745],{"class":184},"th",[56,128747,181],{"class":180},[56,128749,5451],{"class":70},[56,128751,57720],{"class":123},[56,128753,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128755,112],{"class":111},[56,128757,115],{"class":70},[56,128759,1481],{"class":101},[56,128761,98],{"class":70},[56,128763,128299],{"class":101},[56,128765,115],{"class":70},[56,128767,181],{"class":180},[56,128769,22158],{"class":184},[56,128771,181],{"class":180},[56,128773,5451],{"class":70},[56,128775,128362],{"class":123},[20,128777,89829,128778,8543,128780,2976,128782,98],{},[15,128779,124269],{},[15,128781,3698],{},[15,128783,3764],{},[20,128785,128786],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[42,128788,1441,128789,4480,128791],{"id":65480},[15,128790,36154],{},[15,128792,52742],{},[20,128794,650,128795,128797],{},[15,128796,36154],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128799,650,128800,128802],{},[15,128801,52742],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128804,2079,128805,75381,128807,128809],{},[15,128806,52742],{},[540,128808,65143],{}," in the search.",[47,128811,128813],{"className":49,"code":128812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128814,128815,128828,128832,128856,128885,128917],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128816,128817,128819,128821,128823,128826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128818,1466],{"class":62},[56,128820,67],{"class":66},[56,128822,191],{"class":180},[56,128824,128825],{"class":184},"one two three two",[56,128827,1476],{"class":180},[56,128829,128830],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128831,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,128833,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,128835,112],{"class":111},[56,128837,115],{"class":70},[56,128839,1481],{"class":101},[56,128841,98],{"class":70},[56,128843,128299],{"class":101},[56,128845,115],{"class":70},[56,128847,181],{"class":180},[56,128849,79190],{"class":184},[56,128851,181],{"class":180},[56,128853,5451],{"class":70},[56,128855,128593],{"class":123},[56,128857,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,128859,112],{"class":111},[56,128861,115],{"class":70},[56,128863,1481],{"class":101},[56,128865,98],{"class":70},[56,128867,128299],{"class":101},[56,128869,115],{"class":70},[56,128871,181],{"class":180},[56,128873,79190],{"class":184},[56,128875,181],{"class":180},[56,128877,78],{"class":70},[56,128879,4693],{"class":74},[56,128881,5451],{"class":70},[56,128883,128884],{"class":123},"     # 14\n",[56,128886,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,128888,112],{"class":111},[56,128890,115],{"class":70},[56,128892,1481],{"class":101},[56,128894,98],{"class":70},[56,128896,128299],{"class":101},[56,128898,115],{"class":70},[56,128900,181],{"class":180},[56,128902,79190],{"class":184},[56,128904,181],{"class":180},[56,128906,78],{"class":70},[56,128908,3923],{"class":74},[56,128910,78],{"class":70},[56,128912,6084],{"class":74},[56,128914,5451],{"class":70},[56,128916,51016],{"class":123},[56,128918,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,128920,112],{"class":111},[56,128922,115],{"class":70},[56,128924,1481],{"class":101},[56,128926,98],{"class":70},[56,128928,128299],{"class":101},[56,128930,115],{"class":70},[56,128932,181],{"class":180},[56,128934,79190],{"class":184},[56,128936,181],{"class":180},[56,128938,78],{"class":70},[56,128940,3923],{"class":74},[56,128942,78],{"class":70},[56,128944,2554],{"class":74},[56,128946,5451],{"class":70},[56,128948,128655],{"class":123},[20,128950,128951],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128953,128954,128955,55147,128959,98],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[36,128956,128958],{"href":128957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[36,128960,128962,128964],{"href":128961},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128963,60607],{}," string method",[42,128966,123921],{"id":123920},[20,128968,128969,123732],{},[15,128970,124269],{},[20,128972,127319,128973,4480,128975,128977],{},[15,128974,90337],{},[15,128976,64608],{}," are treated as different text.",[47,128979,128981],{"className":49,"code":128980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128982,128983,128996,129000,129024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128984,128985,128987,128989,128991,128994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128986,1466],{"class":62},[56,128988,67],{"class":66},[56,128990,191],{"class":180},[56,128992,128993],{"class":184},"Hello World",[56,128995,1476],{"class":180},[56,128997,128998],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,128999,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129001,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129003,112],{"class":111},[56,129005,115],{"class":70},[56,129007,1481],{"class":101},[56,129009,98],{"class":70},[56,129011,128299],{"class":101},[56,129013,115],{"class":70},[56,129015,181],{"class":180},[56,129017,34947],{"class":184},[56,129019,181],{"class":180},[56,129021,5451],{"class":70},[56,129023,51328],{"class":123},[56,129025,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129027,112],{"class":111},[56,129029,115],{"class":70},[56,129031,1481],{"class":101},[56,129033,98],{"class":70},[56,129035,128299],{"class":101},[56,129037,115],{"class":70},[56,129039,181],{"class":180},[56,129041,1473],{"class":184},[56,129043,181],{"class":180},[56,129045,5451],{"class":70},[56,129047,128655],{"class":123},[20,129049,129050],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[47,129052,129054],{"className":49,"code":129053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129055,129056,129068,129072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129057,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129059,1466],{"class":62},[56,129061,67],{"class":66},[56,129063,191],{"class":180},[56,129065,128993],{"class":184},[56,129067,1476],{"class":180},[56,129069,129070],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129071,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129073,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129075,112],{"class":111},[56,129077,115],{"class":70},[56,129079,1481],{"class":101},[56,129081,98],{"class":70},[56,129083,8728],{"class":101},[56,129085,8725],{"class":70},[56,129087,128299],{"class":101},[56,129089,115],{"class":70},[56,129091,181],{"class":180},[56,129093,1473],{"class":184},[56,129095,181],{"class":180},[56,129097,5451],{"class":70},[56,129099,51328],{"class":123},[42,129101,129103,1021,129105],{"id":129102},"find-vs-index",[15,129104,124269],{},[15,129106,59043],{},[20,129108,129109,4480,129111,129113],{},[15,129110,124269],{},[15,129112,59043],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[143,129115,129116,129122],{},[146,129117,129118,2494,129120],{},[15,129119,124269],{},[15,129121,65928],{},[146,129123,129124,52576,129126],{},[15,129125,59043],{},[15,129127,40784],{},[20,129129,650,129130,129132],{},[15,129131,124269],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129134,650,129135,129137],{},[15,129136,59043],{}," when the value must exist.",[47,129139,129141],{"className":49,"code":129140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129142,129143,129155,129159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129144,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129146,1466],{"class":62},[56,129148,67],{"class":66},[56,129150,191],{"class":180},[56,129152,1473],{"class":184},[56,129154,1476],{"class":180},[56,129156,129157],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129158,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129162,112],{"class":111},[56,129164,115],{"class":70},[56,129166,1481],{"class":101},[56,129168,98],{"class":70},[56,129170,128299],{"class":101},[56,129172,115],{"class":70},[56,129174,181],{"class":180},[56,129176,2271],{"class":184},[56,129178,181],{"class":180},[56,129180,5451],{"class":70},[56,129182,129183],{"class":123},"   # -1\n",[47,129185,129187],{"className":49,"code":129186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129188,129189,129201,129205],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129190,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129192,1466],{"class":62},[56,129194,67],{"class":66},[56,129196,191],{"class":180},[56,129198,1473],{"class":184},[56,129200,1476],{"class":180},[56,129202,129203],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129204,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129208,112],{"class":111},[56,129210,115],{"class":70},[56,129212,1481],{"class":101},[56,129214,98],{"class":70},[56,129216,35927],{"class":101},[56,129218,115],{"class":70},[56,129220,181],{"class":180},[56,129222,2271],{"class":184},[56,129224,181],{"class":180},[56,129226,5451],{"class":70},[56,129228,129229],{"class":123},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129231,129232,129233,129237,129238,129240,129241,98],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[36,129234,129235,128964],{"href":124294},[15,129236,59043],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129239,59043],{},", read ",[36,129242,25761,129243],{"href":73555},[15,129244,129245],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[42,129247,41125],{"id":41124},[20,129249,35486,129250,129252],{},[15,129251,124269],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[143,129254,129255,129258,129261,129264],{},[146,129256,129257],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[146,129259,129260],{},"Get the position of a word",[146,129262,129263],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[146,129265,129266],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129268,129269],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[47,129271,129273],{"className":49,"code":129272,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129274,129275,129288,129311,129315,129330,129346,129365,129379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129276,129277,129279,129281,129283,129286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129278,1466],{"class":62},[56,129280,67],{"class":66},[56,129282,191],{"class":180},[56,129284,129285],{"class":184},"name:Alice",[56,129287,1476],{"class":180},[56,129289,129290,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129291,129292],{"class":62},"colon_pos ",[56,129294,67],{"class":66},[56,129296,42921],{"class":62},[56,129298,98],{"class":70},[56,129300,128299],{"class":101},[56,129302,115],{"class":70},[56,129304,181],{"class":180},[56,129306,141],{"class":184},[56,129308,181],{"class":180},[56,129310,238],{"class":70},[56,129312,129313],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129314,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129316,129317,129319,129322,129324,129326,129328],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129318,7087],{"class":3965},[56,129320,129321],{"class":62}," colon_pos ",[56,129323,72665],{"class":66},[56,129325,2320],{"class":66},[56,129327,75],{"class":74},[56,129329,6484],{"class":70},[56,129331,129332,129335,129337,129339,129341,129344],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,129333,129334],{"class":62},"    label ",[56,129336,67],{"class":66},[56,129338,42921],{"class":62},[56,129340,75454],{"class":70},[56,129342,129343],{"class":62},"colon_pos",[56,129345,89],{"class":70},[56,129347,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,129349,27483],{"class":62},[56,129351,67],{"class":66},[56,129353,42921],{"class":62},[56,129355,251],{"class":70},[56,129357,129292],{"class":62},[56,129359,2159],{"class":66},[56,129361,910],{"class":74},[56,129363,129364],{"class":70},":]\n",[56,129366,129367,129369,129371,129374,129376],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,129368,8160],{"class":111},[56,129370,115],{"class":70},[56,129372,129373],{"class":101},"label",[56,129375,120],{"class":70},[56,129377,129378],{"class":123},"  # name\n",[56,129380,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,129382,8160],{"class":111},[56,129384,115],{"class":70},[56,129386,2570],{"class":101},[56,129388,120],{"class":70},[56,129390,129391],{"class":123},"  # Alice\n",[20,129393,129394,129395,98],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[36,129396,127310],{"href":123529},[42,129398,1418],{"id":1417},[20,129400,129401,129402,141],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129403,124269],{},[143,129405,129406,129415,129421,129426,129432],{},[146,129407,1435,129408,8543,129410,2976,129412,129414],{},[15,129409,124269],{},[15,129411,3698],{},[15,129413,3764],{}," instead of an index",[146,129416,129417,129418,129420],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129419,65928],{}," when the substring is missing",[146,129422,1441,129423,129425],{},[15,129424,124269],{}," without handling case differences",[146,129427,1447,129428,1450,129430],{},[15,129429,124269],{},[15,129431,59043],{},[146,129433,4667,129434,129436],{},[15,129435,124269],{}," changes the string",[20,129438,129439],{},"Example of a mistake:",[47,129441,129443],{"className":49,"code":129442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129444,129445,129457,129461,129481,129496,129502],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129446,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129448,1466],{"class":62},[56,129450,67],{"class":66},[56,129452,191],{"class":180},[56,129454,1473],{"class":184},[56,129456,1476],{"class":180},[56,129458,129459],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129460,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129462,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129464,7087],{"class":3965},[56,129466,42921],{"class":62},[56,129468,98],{"class":70},[56,129470,128299],{"class":101},[56,129472,115],{"class":70},[56,129474,181],{"class":180},[56,129476,60514],{"class":184},[56,129478,181],{"class":180},[56,129480,8431],{"class":70},[56,129482,129483,129485,129487,129489,129492,129494],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129484,8160],{"class":111},[56,129486,115],{"class":70},[56,129488,181],{"class":180},[56,129490,129491],{"class":184},"Found",[56,129493,181],{"class":180},[56,129495,238],{"class":70},[56,129497,129498,129500],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,129499,27516],{"class":3965},[56,129501,6484],{"class":70},[56,129503,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,129505,8160],{"class":111},[56,129507,115],{"class":70},[56,129509,181],{"class":180},[56,129511,26397],{"class":184},[56,129513,181],{"class":180},[56,129515,238],{"class":70},[20,129517,99835],{},[47,129519,129521],{"className":49,"code":129520,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Not found\n",[15,129522,129523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129524,129525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129526,129520],{"class":62},[20,129528,45784,129529,129532,129533,17153,129535,129537,129538,129540],{},[15,129530,129531],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129534,2218],{},[15,129536,2218],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129539,7087],{}," statement.",[20,129542,129543],{},"A safer version is:",[47,129545,129547],{"className":49,"code":129546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129548,129549,129561,129565,129594,129608,129614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129550,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129552,1466],{"class":62},[56,129554,67],{"class":66},[56,129556,191],{"class":180},[56,129558,1473],{"class":184},[56,129560,1476],{"class":180},[56,129562,129563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129564,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585,129588,129590,129592],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129568,7087],{"class":3965},[56,129570,42921],{"class":62},[56,129572,98],{"class":70},[56,129574,128299],{"class":101},[56,129576,115],{"class":70},[56,129578,181],{"class":180},[56,129580,60514],{"class":184},[56,129582,181],{"class":180},[56,129584,120],{"class":70},[56,129586,129587],{"class":66}," !=",[56,129589,2320],{"class":66},[56,129591,75],{"class":74},[56,129593,6484],{"class":70},[56,129595,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129597,8160],{"class":111},[56,129599,115],{"class":70},[56,129601,181],{"class":180},[56,129603,129491],{"class":184},[56,129605,181],{"class":180},[56,129607,238],{"class":70},[56,129609,129610,129612],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,129611,27516],{"class":3965},[56,129613,6484],{"class":70},[56,129615,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,129617,8160],{"class":111},[56,129619,115],{"class":70},[56,129621,181],{"class":180},[56,129623,26397],{"class":184},[56,129625,181],{"class":180},[56,129627,238],{"class":70},[20,129629,129630],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[47,129632,129634],{"className":49,"code":129633,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129635,129636,129658,129672,129698,129712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129637,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654,129656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129639,112],{"class":111},[56,129641,115],{"class":70},[56,129643,1481],{"class":101},[56,129645,98],{"class":70},[56,129647,128299],{"class":101},[56,129649,115],{"class":70},[56,129651,254],{"class":180},[56,129653,38470],{"class":184},[56,129655,254],{"class":180},[56,129657,1553],{"class":70},[56,129659,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129661,112],{"class":111},[56,129663,115],{"class":70},[56,129665,41859],{"class":111},[56,129667,115],{"class":70},[56,129669,1481],{"class":101},[56,129671,1553],{"class":70},[56,129673,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129675,112],{"class":111},[56,129677,115],{"class":70},[56,129679,1481],{"class":101},[56,129681,98],{"class":70},[56,129683,8728],{"class":101},[56,129685,8725],{"class":70},[56,129687,128299],{"class":101},[56,129689,115],{"class":70},[56,129691,254],{"class":180},[56,129693,38470],{"class":184},[56,129695,254],{"class":180},[56,129697,1553],{"class":70},[56,129699,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129701,112],{"class":111},[56,129703,115],{"class":70},[56,129705,11250],{"class":111},[56,129707,115],{"class":70},[56,129709,1481],{"class":101},[56,129711,1553],{"class":70},[56,129713,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,129715,112],{"class":111},[56,129717,115],{"class":70},[56,129719,1481],{"class":101},[56,129721,98],{"class":70},[56,129723,128299],{"class":101},[56,129725,115],{"class":70},[56,129727,254],{"class":180},[56,129729,38470],{"class":184},[56,129731,254],{"class":180},[56,129733,78],{"class":70},[56,129735,36133],{"class":101},[56,129737,78],{"class":70},[56,129739,65114],{"class":101},[56,129741,1553],{"class":70},[20,129743,129744],{},"These help you check:",[143,129746,129747,129752,129757,129762,129765],{},[146,129748,129749,129750],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129751,124269],{},[146,129753,129754,129755],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129756,122488],{},[146,129758,129759,129760],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129761,124004],{},[146,129763,129764],{},"The string length",[146,129766,129767,129768,4480,129770,129772],{},"Whether your ",[15,129769,36154],{},[15,129771,52742],{}," values are correct",[42,129774,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,129776,129778,129779,129781],{"id":129777},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129780,124269],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129783,5236,129784,98],{},[15,129785,65928],{},[1030,129787,1892,129789,129791],{"id":129788},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129790,124269],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129793,129794],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1030,129796,129798,129799,124610],{"id":129797},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129800,124269],{},[20,129802,129803],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1030,129805,5268,129807,4480,129809,69729],{"id":129806},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129808,124269],{},[15,129810,59043],{},[20,129812,129813,2494,129815,129817,129818,52576,129820,98],{},[15,129814,124269],{},[15,129816,65928],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129819,59043],{},[15,129821,40784],{},[1030,129823,1925,129825,129827],{"id":129824},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129826,124269],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129829,129830,129831,4480,129833,66227],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129832,36154],{},[15,129834,52742],{},[42,129836,1996],{"id":1995},[143,129838,129839,129845,129851,129858,129864,129871,129875,129880],{},[146,129840,129841],{},[36,129842,126274,129843,1384],{"href":124294},[15,129844,59043],{},[146,129846,129847],{},[36,129848,126274,129849,1384],{"href":128961},[15,129850,60607],{},[146,129852,129853],{},[36,129854,126274,129856,1384],{"href":129855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129857,124445],{},[146,129859,129860],{},[36,129861,126274,129862,1384],{"href":127639},[15,129863,127642],{},[146,129865,129866],{},[36,129867,126274,129869,1384],{"href":129868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129870,126332],{},[146,129872,129873],{},[36,129874,124673],{"href":123529},[146,129876,129877],{},[36,129878,129879],{"href":128957},"How to split a string in Python",[146,129881,129882],{},[36,129883,26204,129884],{"href":73555},[15,129885,129245],{},[2028,129887,129888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":129890},[129891,129893,129896,129897,129898,129899,129901,129902,129903,129915],{"id":128375,"depth":92,"text":129892},"What find() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":129894},[129895],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":38098,"depth":92,"text":38099},{"id":65480,"depth":92,"text":66263},{"id":123920,"depth":92,"text":123921},{"id":129102,"depth":92,"text":129900},"find() vs index()",{"id":41124,"depth":92,"text":41125},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":129904},[129905,129907,129909,129911,129913],{"id":129777,"depth":108,"text":129906},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129788,"depth":108,"text":129908},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129797,"depth":108,"text":129910},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129806,"depth":108,"text":129912},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129824,"depth":108,"text":129914},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128247,"description":129916},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129923,"title":129924,"body":129925,"description":131851,"extension":2062,"meta":131852,"navigation":600,"path":131853,"seo":131854,"stem":131855,"__hash__":131856},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129926,"toc":131819},[129927,129932,129937,129940,129942,130018,130022,130050,130058,130062,130067,130071,130088,130090,130157,130161,130183,130191,130193,130196,130220,130223,130237,130239,130324,130328,130340,130343,130347,130353,130403,130407,130424,130433,130436,130444,130447,130496,130500,130525,130528,130583,130587,130599,130605,130609,130615,130620,130687,130691,130717,130720,130731,130733,130800,130804,130829,130836,130840,130845,130852,130860,130862,130914,130918,130936,130938,130983,130987,131002,131005,131015,131022,131024,131028,131031,131042,131044,131104,131108,131136,131139,131145,131150,131153,131157,131201,131204,131242,131245,131253,131255,131260,131264,131267,131315,131318,131321,131377,131381,131386,131389,131438,131440,131489,131495,131500,131502,131549,131553,131566,131568,131619,131625,131628,131632,131635,131641,131646,131648,131651,131723,131726,131743,131745,131750,131753,131757,131763,131769,131776,131782,131788,131790,131816],[10,129928,123274,129930,18],{"id":129929},"python-string-format-method",[15,129931,126277],{},[20,129933,123279,129934,129936],{},[15,129935,126277],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129938,129939],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[42,129941,2104],{"id":2103},[47,129943,129945],{"className":49,"code":129944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129946,129947,129959,129967,129971,130008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129948,129949,129951,129953,129955,129957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129950,7967],{"class":62},[56,129952,67],{"class":66},[56,129954,191],{"class":180},[56,129956,11595],{"class":184},[56,129958,1476],{"class":180},[56,129960,129961,129963,129965],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,129962,21709],{"class":62},[56,129964,67],{"class":66},[56,129966,88718],{"class":74},[56,129968,129969],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,129970,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,129972,129973,129975,129977,129979,129982,129984,129987,129989,129991,129993,129995,129998,130000,130002,130004,130006],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,129974,89926],{"class":62},[56,129976,67],{"class":66},[56,129978,191],{"class":180},[56,129980,129981],{"class":184},"My name is ",[56,129983,3881],{"class":74},[56,129985,129986],{"class":184}," and I am ",[56,129988,3881],{"class":74},[56,129990,122270],{"class":184},[56,129992,181],{"class":180},[56,129994,98],{"class":70},[56,129996,129997],{"class":101},"format",[56,129999,115],{"class":70},[56,130001,7759],{"class":101},[56,130003,78],{"class":70},[56,130005,9276],{"class":101},[56,130007,238],{"class":70},[56,130009,130010,130012,130014,130016],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,130011,112],{"class":111},[56,130013,115],{"class":70},[56,130015,89943],{"class":101},[56,130017,238],{"class":70},[20,130019,130020],{},[540,130021,241],{},[47,130023,130025],{"className":49,"code":130024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130026,130027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130028,130029,130032,130034,130037,130040,130043,130046,130048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130030,130031],{"class":62},"My name ",[56,130033,12277],{"class":66},[56,130035,130036],{"class":62}," Maya ",[56,130038,130039],{"class":66},"and",[56,130041,130042],{"class":62}," I am ",[56,130044,130045],{"class":74},"12",[56,130047,122303],{"class":62},[56,130049,122306],{"class":70},[20,130051,650,130052,130054,130055,130057],{},[15,130053,3881],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130056,126277],{}," in the same order.",[20,130059,125026,130060,98],{},[36,130061,125029],{"href":51056},[42,130063,13077,130065,13080],{"id":130064},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130066,126277],{},[20,130068,2079,130069,11501],{},[15,130070,126277],{},[143,130072,130073,130076,130082,130085],{},[146,130074,130075],{},"inserts values into a string",[146,130077,130078,130079,130081],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130080,3881],{}," with given values",[146,130083,130084],{},"returns a new string",[146,130086,130087],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130089,163],{},[47,130091,130093],{"className":49,"code":130092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130094,130095,130109,130132,130136,130147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130096,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130098,1466],{"class":62},[56,130100,67],{"class":66},[56,130102,191],{"class":180},[56,130104,44982],{"class":184},[56,130106,3881],{"class":74},[56,130108,1476],{"class":180},[56,130110,130111,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130112,130113],{"class":62},"new_text ",[56,130115,67],{"class":66},[56,130117,42921],{"class":62},[56,130119,98],{"class":70},[56,130121,129997],{"class":101},[56,130123,115],{"class":70},[56,130125,181],{"class":180},[56,130127,7768],{"class":184},[56,130129,181],{"class":180},[56,130131,238],{"class":70},[56,130133,130134],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,130135,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,130137,130138,130140,130142,130145],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,130139,112],{"class":111},[56,130141,115],{"class":70},[56,130143,130144],{"class":101},"new_text",[56,130146,238],{"class":70},[56,130148,130149,130151,130153,130155],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,130150,112],{"class":111},[56,130152,115],{"class":70},[56,130154,1481],{"class":101},[56,130156,238],{"class":70},[20,130158,130159],{},[540,130160,241],{},[47,130162,130164],{"className":49,"code":130163,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130165,130166,130175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130167,130168,130170,130172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130169,34947],{"class":62},[56,130171,78],{"class":70},[56,130173,130174],{"class":62}," Sam\n",[56,130176,130177,130179,130181],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130178,34947],{"class":62},[56,130180,78],{"class":70},[56,130182,9926],{"class":70},[20,130184,2383,130185,130187,130188,130190],{},[15,130186,1481],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130189,126277],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[42,130192,289],{"id":288},[20,130194,130195],{},"The general form is:",[47,130197,130199],{"className":49,"code":130198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130200,130201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130202,130203,130205,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130204,181],{"class":43408},[56,130206,130207],{"class":43412},"text {}",[56,130209,181],{"class":43408},[56,130211,98],{"class":70},[56,130213,129997],{"class":101},[56,130215,115],{"class":70},[56,130217,2570],{"class":101},[56,130219,238],{"class":70},[20,130221,130222],{},"Key idea:",[143,130224,130225,130231,130234],{},[146,130226,130227,130228,130230],{},"each ",[15,130229,3881],{}," is a placeholder",[146,130232,130233],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[146,130235,130236],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130238,163],{},[47,130240,130242],{"className":49,"code":130241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130243,130244,130257,130271,130275,130313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130245,130246,130249,130251,130253,130255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130247,130248],{"class":62},"animal ",[56,130250,67],{"class":66},[56,130252,191],{"class":180},[56,130254,37126],{"class":184},[56,130256,1476],{"class":180},[56,130258,130259,130262,130264,130266,130269],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130260,130261],{"class":62},"sound ",[56,130263,67],{"class":66},[56,130265,191],{"class":180},[56,130267,130268],{"class":184},"meow",[56,130270,1476],{"class":180},[56,130272,130273],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,130274,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,130276,130277,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130291,130293,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306,130308,130311],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,130278,130279],{"class":62},"sentence ",[56,130281,67],{"class":66},[56,130283,191],{"class":180},[56,130285,2079],{"class":184},[56,130287,3881],{"class":74},[56,130289,130290],{"class":184}," says ",[56,130292,3881],{"class":74},[56,130294,98],{"class":184},[56,130296,181],{"class":180},[56,130298,98],{"class":70},[56,130300,129997],{"class":101},[56,130302,115],{"class":70},[56,130304,130305],{"class":101},"animal",[56,130307,78],{"class":70},[56,130309,130310],{"class":101}," sound",[56,130312,238],{"class":70},[56,130314,130315,130317,130319,130322],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,130316,112],{"class":111},[56,130318,115],{"class":70},[56,130320,130321],{"class":101},"sentence",[56,130323,238],{"class":70},[20,130325,130326],{},[540,130327,241],{},[47,130329,130331],{"className":49,"code":130330,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130332,130333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130334,130335,130338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130336,130337],{"class":62},"The cat says meow",[56,130339,122306],{"class":70},[20,130341,130342],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[42,130344,130346],{"id":130345},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130348,130349,130350,130352],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130351,3881],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[47,130354,130356],{"className":49,"code":130355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130357,130358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130359,130360,130362,130364,130366,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130390,130392,130394,130396,130399,130401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130361,112],{"class":111},[56,130363,115],{"class":70},[56,130365,181],{"class":180},[56,130367,130368],{"class":184},"I like ",[56,130370,3881],{"class":74},[56,130372,4480],{"class":184},[56,130374,3881],{"class":74},[56,130376,98],{"class":184},[56,130378,181],{"class":180},[56,130380,98],{"class":70},[56,130382,129997],{"class":101},[56,130384,115],{"class":70},[56,130386,181],{"class":180},[56,130388,130389],{"class":184},"pizza",[56,130391,181],{"class":180},[56,130393,78],{"class":70},[56,130395,191],{"class":180},[56,130397,130398],{"class":184},"pasta",[56,130400,181],{"class":180},[56,130402,1553],{"class":70},[20,130404,130405],{},[540,130406,241],{},[47,130408,130410],{"className":49,"code":130409,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130411,130412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130413,130414,130417,130419,130422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130415,130416],{"class":62},"I like pizza ",[56,130418,130039],{"class":66},[56,130420,130421],{"class":62}," pasta",[56,130423,122306],{"class":70},[20,130425,130426,130427,4480,130430,98],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130428,130429],{},"{0}",[15,130431,130432],{},"{1}",[20,130434,130435],{},"This is helpful when:",[143,130437,130438,130441],{},[146,130439,130440],{},"you want to reuse a value",[146,130442,130443],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130445,130446],{},"Example with reused values:",[47,130448,130450],{"className":49,"code":130449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130451,130452,130486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130453,130454,130456,130458,130460,130462,130465,130467,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130455,1466],{"class":62},[56,130457,67],{"class":66},[56,130459,191],{"class":180},[56,130461,130429],{"class":74},[56,130463,130464],{"class":184}," is learning Python. ",[56,130466,130429],{"class":74},[56,130468,130469],{"class":184}," likes coding.",[56,130471,181],{"class":180},[56,130473,98],{"class":70},[56,130475,129997],{"class":101},[56,130477,115],{"class":70},[56,130479,181],{"class":180},[56,130481,19962],{"class":184},[56,130483,181],{"class":180},[56,130485,238],{"class":70},[56,130487,130488,130490,130492,130494],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130489,112],{"class":111},[56,130491,115],{"class":70},[56,130493,1481],{"class":101},[56,130495,238],{"class":70},[20,130497,130498],{},[540,130499,241],{},[47,130501,130503],{"className":49,"code":130502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130504,130505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130506,130507,130510,130512,130515,130517,130520,130523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130508,130509],{"class":62},"Lina ",[56,130511,12277],{"class":66},[56,130513,130514],{"class":62}," learning Python",[56,130516,98],{"class":70},[56,130518,130519],{"class":24831}," Lina",[56,130521,130522],{"class":62}," likes coding",[56,130524,122306],{"class":70},[20,130526,130527],{},"Example with changed order:",[47,130529,130531],{"className":49,"code":130530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130532,130533,130573],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130534,130535,130537,130539,130541,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130536,1466],{"class":62},[56,130538,67],{"class":66},[56,130540,191],{"class":180},[56,130542,130432],{"class":74},[56,130544,83245],{"class":184},[56,130546,130429],{"class":74},[56,130548,98],{"class":184},[56,130550,181],{"class":180},[56,130552,98],{"class":70},[56,130554,129997],{"class":101},[56,130556,115],{"class":70},[56,130558,181],{"class":180},[56,130560,6674],{"class":184},[56,130562,181],{"class":180},[56,130564,78],{"class":70},[56,130566,191],{"class":180},[56,130568,79190],{"class":184},[56,130570,181],{"class":180},[56,130572,238],{"class":70},[56,130574,130575,130577,130579,130581],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130576,112],{"class":111},[56,130578,115],{"class":70},[56,130580,1481],{"class":101},[56,130582,238],{"class":70},[20,130584,130585],{},[540,130586,241],{},[47,130588,130590],{"className":49,"code":130589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130591,130592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130593,130594,130597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130595,130596],{"class":62},"two comes after one",[56,130598,122306],{"class":70},[20,130600,130601,130602,130604],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130603,3881],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[42,130606,130608],{"id":130607},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130610,130611,130612,98],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130613,130614],{},"{name}",[20,130616,130617,130618,141],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130619,126277],{},[47,130621,130623],{"className":49,"code":130622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130624,130625,130677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130626,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130640,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130675],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130628,1466],{"class":62},[56,130630,67],{"class":66},[56,130632,191],{"class":180},[56,130634,129981],{"class":184},[56,130636,130614],{"class":74},[56,130638,130639],{"class":184}," and I live in ",[56,130641,130642],{"class":74},"{city}",[56,130644,98],{"class":184},[56,130646,181],{"class":180},[56,130648,98],{"class":70},[56,130650,129997],{"class":101},[56,130652,115],{"class":70},[56,130654,7759],{"class":9263},[56,130656,67],{"class":66},[56,130658,181],{"class":180},[56,130660,12961],{"class":184},[56,130662,181],{"class":180},[56,130664,78],{"class":70},[56,130666,31467],{"class":9263},[56,130668,67],{"class":66},[56,130670,181],{"class":180},[56,130672,16111],{"class":184},[56,130674,181],{"class":180},[56,130676,238],{"class":70},[56,130678,130679,130681,130683,130685],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130680,112],{"class":111},[56,130682,115],{"class":70},[56,130684,1481],{"class":101},[56,130686,238],{"class":70},[20,130688,130689],{},[540,130690,241],{},[47,130692,130694],{"className":49,"code":130693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130695,130696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130697,130698,130700,130702,130705,130707,130710,130712,130715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130699,130031],{"class":62},[56,130701,12277],{"class":66},[56,130703,130704],{"class":62}," Ana ",[56,130706,130039],{"class":66},[56,130708,130709],{"class":62}," I live ",[56,130711,3972],{"class":66},[56,130713,130714],{"class":62}," Lima",[56,130716,122306],{"class":70},[20,130718,130719],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[143,130721,130722,130725,130728],{},[146,130723,130724],{},"they make code easier to read",[146,130726,130727],{},"they help when a string has many values",[146,130729,130730],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130732,163],{},[47,130734,130736],{"className":49,"code":130735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130737,130738,130790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130739,130740,130743,130745,130747,130750,130753,130756,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130773,130776,130778,130780,130783,130785,130788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130741,130742],{"class":62},"report ",[56,130744,67],{"class":66},[56,130746,191],{"class":180},[56,130748,130749],{"class":184},"Student: ",[56,130751,130752],{"class":74},"{student}",[56,130754,130755],{"class":184},", Score: ",[56,130757,130758],{"class":74},"{score}",[56,130760,181],{"class":180},[56,130762,98],{"class":70},[56,130764,129997],{"class":101},[56,130766,115],{"class":70},[56,130768,13704],{"class":9263},[56,130770,67],{"class":66},[56,130772,181],{"class":180},[56,130774,130775],{"class":184},"Noah",[56,130777,181],{"class":180},[56,130779,78],{"class":70},[56,130781,130782],{"class":9263}," score",[56,130784,67],{"class":66},[56,130786,130787],{"class":74},"95",[56,130789,238],{"class":70},[56,130791,130792,130794,130796,130798],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130793,112],{"class":111},[56,130795,115],{"class":70},[56,130797,127987],{"class":101},[56,130799,238],{"class":70},[20,130801,130802],{},[540,130803,241],{},[47,130805,130807],{"className":49,"code":130806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130808,130809],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130810,130811,130814,130816,130819,130821,130824,130826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130812,130813],{"class":62},"Student",[56,130815,141],{"class":70},[56,130817,130818],{"class":62}," Noah",[56,130820,78],{"class":70},[56,130822,130823],{"class":62}," Score",[56,130825,141],{"class":70},[56,130827,130828],{"class":74}," 95\n",[20,130830,130831,130832,98],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[36,130833,2009,130834,2012],{"href":42254},[15,130835,47764],{},[42,130837,130839],{"id":130838},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130841,130842,130844],{},[15,130843,126277],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130846,130847,130848,130851],{},"A common example is ",[15,130849,130850],{},":.2f",", which means:",[143,130853,130854,130857],{},[146,130855,130856],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[146,130858,130859],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130861,163],{},[47,130863,130865],{"className":49,"code":130864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130866,130867,130875,130904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130868,130869,130871,130873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130870,40467],{"class":62},[56,130872,67],{"class":66},[56,130874,49357],{"class":74},[56,130876,130877,130879,130881,130883,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130878,1466],{"class":62},[56,130880,67],{"class":66},[56,130882,191],{"class":180},[56,130884,130885],{"class":184},"Price: $",[56,130887,9366],{"class":74},[56,130889,130850],{"class":1638},[56,130891,22384],{"class":74},[56,130893,181],{"class":180},[56,130895,98],{"class":70},[56,130897,129997],{"class":101},[56,130899,115],{"class":70},[56,130901,25231],{"class":101},[56,130903,238],{"class":70},[56,130905,130906,130908,130910,130912],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,130907,112],{"class":111},[56,130909,115],{"class":70},[56,130911,1481],{"class":101},[56,130913,238],{"class":70},[20,130915,130916],{},[540,130917,241],{},[47,130919,130921],{"className":49,"code":130920,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130922,130923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130924,130925,130928,130930,130933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130926,130927],{"class":62},"Price",[56,130929,141],{"class":70},[56,130931,130932],{"class":37445}," $",[56,130934,130935],{"class":74},"3.50\n",[20,130937,52161],{},[47,130939,130941],{"className":49,"code":130940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130942,130943,130953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130944,130945,130948,130950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130946,130947],{"class":62},"average ",[56,130949,67],{"class":66},[56,130951,130952],{"class":74}," 91.236\n",[56,130954,130955,130957,130959,130961,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130981],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,130956,112],{"class":111},[56,130958,115],{"class":70},[56,130960,181],{"class":180},[56,130962,130963],{"class":184},"Average: ",[56,130965,9366],{"class":74},[56,130967,130850],{"class":1638},[56,130969,22384],{"class":74},[56,130971,181],{"class":180},[56,130973,98],{"class":70},[56,130975,129997],{"class":101},[56,130977,115],{"class":70},[56,130979,130980],{"class":101},"average",[56,130982,1553],{"class":70},[20,130984,130985],{},[540,130986,241],{},[47,130988,130990],{"className":49,"code":130989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130991,130992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130993,130994,130997,130999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130995,130996],{"class":62},"Average",[56,130998,141],{"class":70},[56,131000,131001],{"class":74}," 91.24\n",[20,131003,131004],{},"This is useful for:",[143,131006,131007,131009,131012],{},[146,131008,83003],{},[146,131010,131011],{},"averages",[146,131013,131014],{},"percentages",[20,131016,131017,131018,98],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[36,131019,2009,131020,2400],{"href":46529},[15,131021,46532],{},[42,131023,17500],{"id":17499},[20,131025,131026,92440],{},[15,131027,126277],{},[20,131029,131030],{},"That means you can:",[143,131032,131033,131036,131039],{},[146,131034,131035],{},"save it in a variable",[146,131037,131038],{},"print it directly",[146,131040,131041],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131043,163],{},[47,131045,131047],{"className":49,"code":131046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131048,131049,131080,131090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131050,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131076,131078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131052,89926],{"class":62},[56,131054,67],{"class":66},[56,131056,191],{"class":180},[56,131058,44982],{"class":184},[56,131060,3881],{"class":74},[56,131062,89767],{"class":184},[56,131064,181],{"class":180},[56,131066,98],{"class":70},[56,131068,129997],{"class":101},[56,131070,115],{"class":70},[56,131072,181],{"class":180},[56,131074,131075],{"class":184},"Chris",[56,131077,181],{"class":180},[56,131079,238],{"class":70},[56,131081,131082,131084,131086,131088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131083,112],{"class":111},[56,131085,115],{"class":70},[56,131087,89943],{"class":101},[56,131089,238],{"class":70},[56,131091,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,131093,112],{"class":111},[56,131095,115],{"class":70},[56,131097,1546],{"class":1545},[56,131099,115],{"class":70},[56,131101,89943],{"class":101},[56,131103,1553],{"class":70},[20,131105,131106],{},[540,131107,241],{},[47,131109,131111],{"className":49,"code":131110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131112,131113,131122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131114,131115,131117,131119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131116,34947],{"class":62},[56,131118,78],{"class":70},[56,131120,131121],{"class":62}," Chris!\n",[56,131123,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131125,1635],{"class":66},[56,131127,1639],{"class":1638},[56,131129,263],{"class":180},[56,131131,3538],{"class":184},[56,131133,254],{"class":180},[56,131135,1649],{"class":66},[20,131137,131138],{},"The original string is not changed.",[42,131140,131142,131144],{"id":131141},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131143,126277],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131146,131147,131149],{},[15,131148,126277],{}," is a string method.",[20,131151,131152],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131154,46121,131155,141],{},[15,131156,126277],{},[47,131158,131160],{"className":49,"code":131159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131161,131162,131175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131163,131164,131166,131168,131170,131173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131165,7967],{"class":62},[56,131167,67],{"class":66},[56,131169,191],{"class":180},[56,131171,131172],{"class":184},"Rita",[56,131174,1476],{"class":180},[56,131176,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131178,112],{"class":111},[56,131180,115],{"class":70},[56,131182,181],{"class":180},[56,131184,44982],{"class":184},[56,131186,3881],{"class":74},[56,131188,89767],{"class":184},[56,131190,181],{"class":180},[56,131192,98],{"class":70},[56,131194,129997],{"class":101},[56,131196,115],{"class":70},[56,131198,7759],{"class":101},[56,131200,1553],{"class":70},[20,131202,131203],{},"Example with an f-string:",[47,131205,131207],{"className":49,"code":131206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131208,131209,131221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131210,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131212,7967],{"class":62},[56,131214,67],{"class":66},[56,131216,191],{"class":180},[56,131218,131172],{"class":184},[56,131220,1476],{"class":180},[56,131222,131223,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131240],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131224,112],{"class":111},[56,131226,115],{"class":70},[56,131228,22375],{"class":1638},[56,131230,43426],{"class":184},[56,131232,9366],{"class":74},[56,131234,7759],{"class":101},[56,131236,22384],{"class":74},[56,131238,131239],{"class":184},"!\"",[56,131241,238],{"class":70},[20,131243,131244],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131246,131247,131248,131250,131251,98],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131249,126277],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[36,131252,89612],{"href":89611},[42,131254,1418],{"id":1417},[20,131256,131257,131258,98],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131259,126277],{},[1030,131261,131263],{"id":131262},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131265,131266],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[47,131268,131270],{"className":49,"code":131269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131271,131272,131305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131273,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131275,1466],{"class":62},[56,131277,67],{"class":66},[56,131279,191],{"class":180},[56,131281,44982],{"class":184},[56,131283,3881],{"class":74},[56,131285,131286],{"class":74}," {}",[56,131288,89767],{"class":184},[56,131290,181],{"class":180},[56,131292,98],{"class":70},[56,131294,129997],{"class":101},[56,131296,115],{"class":70},[56,131298,181],{"class":180},[56,131300,7768],{"class":184},[56,131302,181],{"class":180},[56,131304,238],{"class":70},[56,131306,131307,131309,131311,131313],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131308,112],{"class":111},[56,131310,115],{"class":70},[56,131312,1481],{"class":101},[56,131314,238],{"class":70},[20,131316,131317],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131319,131320],{},"Fixed version:",[47,131322,131324],{"className":49,"code":131323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131325,131326,131367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131363,131365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131329,1466],{"class":62},[56,131331,67],{"class":66},[56,131333,191],{"class":180},[56,131335,44982],{"class":184},[56,131337,3881],{"class":74},[56,131339,131286],{"class":74},[56,131341,89767],{"class":184},[56,131343,181],{"class":180},[56,131345,98],{"class":70},[56,131347,129997],{"class":101},[56,131349,115],{"class":70},[56,131351,181],{"class":180},[56,131353,7768],{"class":184},[56,131355,181],{"class":180},[56,131357,78],{"class":70},[56,131359,191],{"class":180},[56,131361,131362],{"class":184},"Lee",[56,131364,181],{"class":180},[56,131366,238],{"class":70},[56,131368,131369,131371,131373,131375],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131370,112],{"class":111},[56,131372,115],{"class":70},[56,131374,1481],{"class":101},[56,131376,238],{"class":70},[1030,131378,131380],{"id":131379},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131382,131383,131384,98],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131385,126277],{},[20,131387,131388],{},"Problem:",[47,131390,131392],{"className":49,"code":131391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131393,131394,131428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131395,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131397,1466],{"class":62},[56,131399,67],{"class":66},[56,131401,191],{"class":180},[56,131403,44982],{"class":184},[56,131405,130614],{"class":74},[56,131407,89767],{"class":184},[56,131409,181],{"class":180},[56,131411,98],{"class":70},[56,131413,129997],{"class":101},[56,131415,115],{"class":70},[56,131417,8076],{"class":9263},[56,131419,67],{"class":66},[56,131421,181],{"class":180},[56,131423,7768],{"class":184},[56,131425,181],{"class":180},[56,131427,238],{"class":70},[56,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131431,112],{"class":111},[56,131433,115],{"class":70},[56,131435,1481],{"class":101},[56,131437,238],{"class":70},[20,131439,131320],{},[47,131441,131443],{"className":49,"code":131442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131444,131445,131479],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131446,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131448,1466],{"class":62},[56,131450,67],{"class":66},[56,131452,191],{"class":180},[56,131454,44982],{"class":184},[56,131456,130614],{"class":74},[56,131458,89767],{"class":184},[56,131460,181],{"class":180},[56,131462,98],{"class":70},[56,131464,129997],{"class":101},[56,131466,115],{"class":70},[56,131468,7759],{"class":9263},[56,131470,67],{"class":66},[56,131472,181],{"class":180},[56,131474,7768],{"class":184},[56,131476,181],{"class":180},[56,131478,238],{"class":70},[56,131480,131481,131483,131485,131487],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131482,112],{"class":111},[56,131484,115],{"class":70},[56,131486,1481],{"class":101},[56,131488,238],{"class":70},[1030,131490,1435,131492,131494],{"id":131491},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131493,126277],{}," to change the original string",[20,131496,131497,131499],{},[15,131498,126277],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131501,131388],{},[47,131503,131505],{"className":49,"code":131504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131506,131507,131521,131539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131510,1466],{"class":62},[56,131512,67],{"class":66},[56,131514,191],{"class":180},[56,131516,44982],{"class":184},[56,131518,3881],{"class":74},[56,131520,1476],{"class":180},[56,131522,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131524,1481],{"class":62},[56,131526,98],{"class":70},[56,131528,129997],{"class":101},[56,131530,115],{"class":70},[56,131532,181],{"class":180},[56,131534,7768],{"class":184},[56,131536,181],{"class":180},[56,131538,238],{"class":70},[56,131540,131541,131543,131545,131547],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,131542,112],{"class":111},[56,131544,115],{"class":70},[56,131546,1481],{"class":101},[56,131548,238],{"class":70},[20,131550,131551],{},[540,131552,241],{},[47,131554,131556],{"className":49,"code":131555,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131557,131558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131559,131560,131562,131564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131561,34947],{"class":62},[56,131563,78],{"class":70},[56,131565,9926],{"class":70},[20,131567,131320],{},[47,131569,131571],{"className":49,"code":131570,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131572,131573,131587,131609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131574,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131576,1466],{"class":62},[56,131578,67],{"class":66},[56,131580,191],{"class":180},[56,131582,44982],{"class":184},[56,131584,3881],{"class":74},[56,131586,1476],{"class":180},[56,131588,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131590,1466],{"class":62},[56,131592,67],{"class":66},[56,131594,42921],{"class":62},[56,131596,98],{"class":70},[56,131598,129997],{"class":101},[56,131600,115],{"class":70},[56,131602,181],{"class":180},[56,131604,7768],{"class":184},[56,131606,181],{"class":180},[56,131608,238],{"class":70},[56,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,131612,112],{"class":111},[56,131614,115],{"class":70},[56,131616,1481],{"class":101},[56,131618,238],{"class":70},[1030,131620,4792,131622,131624],{"id":131621},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131623,126277],{}," returns a new string",[20,131626,131627],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1030,131629,131631],{"id":131630},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131633,131634],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131636,131637,131638,131640],{},"Use simple ",[15,131639,3881],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131642,131643,131644,98],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[36,131645,90325],{"href":90324},[42,131647,67969],{"id":67968},[20,131649,131650],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[47,131652,131654],{"className":49,"code":131653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131655,131656,131666,131680,131709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131657,131658,131660,131662,131664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131659,112],{"class":111},[56,131661,115],{"class":70},[56,131663,1481],{"class":101},[56,131665,238],{"class":70},[56,131667,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676,131678],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131669,112],{"class":111},[56,131671,115],{"class":70},[56,131673,1546],{"class":1545},[56,131675,115],{"class":70},[56,131677,2570],{"class":101},[56,131679,1553],{"class":70},[56,131681,131682,131684,131686,131688,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,131683,112],{"class":111},[56,131685,115],{"class":70},[56,131687,181],{"class":180},[56,131689,131690],{"class":184},"Hello ",[56,131692,3881],{"class":74},[56,131694,181],{"class":180},[56,131696,98],{"class":70},[56,131698,129997],{"class":101},[56,131700,115],{"class":70},[56,131702,181],{"class":180},[56,131704,7768],{"class":184},[56,131706,181],{"class":180},[56,131708,1553],{"class":70},[56,131710,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,131712,32235],{"class":111},[56,131714,115],{"class":70},[56,131716,3538],{"class":1545},[56,131718,98],{"class":70},[56,131720,129997],{"class":24831},[56,131722,238],{"class":70},[20,131724,131725],{},"Use them to check:",[143,131727,131728,131731,131734,131737],{},[146,131729,131730],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[146,131732,131733],{},"what type your value has",[146,131735,131736],{},"whether a small test example works",[146,131738,131739,131740],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131741,131742],{},"str.format",[42,131744,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,131746,129778,131748,12797],{"id":131747},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131749,126277],{},[20,131751,131752],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1030,131754,131756],{"id":131755},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131758,131759,131760,131762],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131761,3881],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1030,131764,131766,131767,1911],{"id":131765},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131768,126277],{},[20,131770,131771,131772,131775],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131773,131774],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1030,131777,14982,131779,131781],{"id":131778},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131780,126277],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131783,131784,131785,131787],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131786,126277],{}," is still useful and common.",[42,131789,1996],{"id":1995},[143,131791,131792,131796,131800,131806,131812],{},[146,131793,131794],{},[36,131795,125029],{"href":51056},[146,131797,131798],{},[36,131799,90602],{"href":89611},[146,131801,131802],{},[36,131803,2009,131804,2012],{"href":46529},[15,131805,46532],{},[146,131807,131808],{},[36,131809,2009,131810,2012],{"href":42254},[15,131811,47764],{},[146,131813,131814],{},[36,131815,90325],{"href":90324},[2028,131817,131818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":131820},[131821,131822,131824,131825,131826,131827,131828,131829,131831,131840,131841,131850],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":130064,"depth":92,"text":131823},"What the format() method does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":130345,"depth":92,"text":130346},{"id":130607,"depth":92,"text":130608},{"id":130838,"depth":92,"text":130839},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":131141,"depth":92,"text":131830},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":131832},[131833,131834,131835,131837,131839],{"id":131262,"depth":108,"text":131263},{"id":131379,"depth":108,"text":131380},{"id":131491,"depth":108,"text":131836},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131621,"depth":108,"text":131838},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131630,"depth":108,"text":131631},{"id":67968,"depth":92,"text":67969},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":131842},[131843,131845,131846,131848],{"id":131747,"depth":108,"text":131844},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131755,"depth":108,"text":131756},{"id":131765,"depth":108,"text":131847},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131778,"depth":108,"text":131849},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129924,"description":131851},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131858,"title":131859,"body":131860,"description":133340,"extension":2062,"meta":133341,"navigation":600,"path":133342,"seo":133343,"stem":133344,"__hash__":133345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131861,"toc":133312},[131862,131867,131872,131877,131879,131941,131948,131954,131959,131961,131977,131979,132050,132052,132066,132069,132119,132121,132123,132150,132153,132168,132171,132212,132215,132260,132267,132316,132318,132326,132328,132346,132348,132441,132449,132490,132495,132502,132508,132515,132518,132522,132623,132625,132647,132651,132704,132707,132710,132716,132723,132725,132764,132766,132784,132794,132801,132884,132887,132894,132901,132908,132912,132920,132966,132970,132979,133044,133049,133054,133065,133067,133072,133099,133101,133204,133207,133227,133229,133234,133237,133241,133245,133252,133261,133267,133270,133276,133278,133280,133309],[10,131863,123274,131865,18],{"id":131864},"python-string-index-method",[15,131866,59043],{},[20,131868,123279,131869,131871],{},[15,131870,59043],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131873,131874,131875,98],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131876,40784],{},[42,131878,2104],{"id":2103},[47,131880,131882],{"className":49,"code":131881,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131883,131884,131896,131918,131928,131932,131936],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131885,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131887,1466],{"class":62},[56,131889,67],{"class":66},[56,131891,191],{"class":180},[56,131893,60482],{"class":184},[56,131895,1476],{"class":180},[56,131897,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131899,64993],{"class":62},[56,131901,67],{"class":66},[56,131903,42921],{"class":62},[56,131905,98],{"class":70},[56,131907,35927],{"class":101},[56,131909,115],{"class":70},[56,131911,181],{"class":180},[56,131913,60667],{"class":184},[56,131915,181],{"class":180},[56,131917,238],{"class":70},[56,131919,131920,131922,131924,131926],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,131921,112],{"class":111},[56,131923,115],{"class":70},[56,131925,65020],{"class":101},[56,131927,238],{"class":70},[56,131929,131930],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,131931,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,131933,131934],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,131935,90743],{"class":123},[56,131937,131938],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,131939,131940],{"class":123},"# 6\n",[20,131942,650,131943,131945,131946,98],{},[15,131944,59043],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131947,40784],{},[42,131949,133,131951,136],{"id":131950},"what-strindex-does",[15,131952,131953],{},"str.index()",[20,131955,131956,131958],{},[15,131957,131953],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131960,311],{},[143,131962,131963,131966,131969,131972],{},[146,131964,131965],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[146,131967,131968],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[146,131970,131971],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[146,131973,30375,131974,131976],{},[15,131975,40784],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131978,163],{},[47,131980,131982],{"className":49,"code":131981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131983,131984,131996,132000,132025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131987,1466],{"class":62},[56,131989,67],{"class":66},[56,131991,191],{"class":180},[56,131993,571],{"class":184},[56,131995,1476],{"class":180},[56,131997,131998],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,131999,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132001,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132003,112],{"class":111},[56,132005,115],{"class":70},[56,132007,1481],{"class":101},[56,132009,98],{"class":70},[56,132011,35927],{"class":101},[56,132013,115],{"class":70},[56,132015,181],{"class":180},[56,132017,36],{"class":184},[56,132019,181],{"class":180},[56,132021,5451],{"class":70},[56,132023,132024],{"class":123},"     # 1\n",[56,132026,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,132028,112],{"class":111},[56,132030,115],{"class":70},[56,132032,1481],{"class":101},[56,132034,98],{"class":70},[56,132036,35927],{"class":101},[56,132038,115],{"class":70},[56,132040,181],{"class":180},[56,132042,123367],{"class":184},[56,132044,181],{"class":180},[56,132046,5451],{"class":70},[56,132048,132049],{"class":123},"    # 2\n",[20,132051,2276],{},[143,132053,132054,132060],{},[146,132055,132056,128487,132058],{},[15,132057,18176],{},[15,132059,75],{},[146,132061,132062,128487,132064],{},[15,132063,128486],{},[15,132065,1097],{},[20,132067,132068],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[47,132070,132072],{"className":49,"code":132071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132073,132074,132086,132090,132114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132077,1466],{"class":62},[56,132079,67],{"class":66},[56,132081,191],{"class":180},[56,132083,34947],{"class":184},[56,132085,1476],{"class":180},[56,132087,132088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132089,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132091,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132093,112],{"class":111},[56,132095,115],{"class":70},[56,132097,1481],{"class":101},[56,132099,98],{"class":70},[56,132101,35927],{"class":101},[56,132103,115],{"class":70},[56,132105,181],{"class":180},[56,132107,51272],{"class":184},[56,132109,181],{"class":180},[56,132111,5451],{"class":70},[56,132113,20848],{"class":123},[56,132115,132116],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,132117,132118],{"class":123},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[42,132120,289],{"id":288},[20,132122,292],{},[47,132124,132126],{"className":49,"code":132125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132127,132128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132129,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132131,61250],{"class":62},[56,132133,98],{"class":70},[56,132135,35927],{"class":101},[56,132137,115],{"class":70},[56,132139,2570],{"class":101},[56,132141,78],{"class":70},[56,132143,36133],{"class":101},[56,132145,78],{"class":70},[56,132147,65114],{"class":101},[56,132149,238],{"class":70},[20,132151,132152],{},"Parameters:",[143,132154,132155,132159,132163],{},[146,132156,132157,123466],{},[15,132158,2570],{},[146,132160,132161,128533],{},[15,132162,36154],{},[146,132164,132165,132167],{},[15,132166,52742],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132169,132170],{},"You can use just the value:",[47,132172,132174],{"className":49,"code":132173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132175,132176,132188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132177,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132179,1466],{"class":62},[56,132181,67],{"class":66},[56,132183,191],{"class":180},[56,132185,51],{"class":184},[56,132187,1476],{"class":180},[56,132189,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132191,112],{"class":111},[56,132193,115],{"class":70},[56,132195,1481],{"class":101},[56,132197,98],{"class":70},[56,132199,35927],{"class":101},[56,132201,115],{"class":70},[56,132203,181],{"class":180},[56,132205,63361],{"class":184},[56,132207,181],{"class":180},[56,132209,5451],{"class":70},[56,132211,51496],{"class":123},[20,132213,132214],{},"Or include a start position:",[47,132216,132218],{"className":49,"code":132217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132219,132220,132232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132221,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132223,1466],{"class":62},[56,132225,67],{"class":66},[56,132227,191],{"class":180},[56,132229,571],{"class":184},[56,132231,1476],{"class":180},[56,132233,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132235,112],{"class":111},[56,132237,115],{"class":70},[56,132239,1481],{"class":101},[56,132241,98],{"class":70},[56,132243,35927],{"class":101},[56,132245,115],{"class":70},[56,132247,181],{"class":180},[56,132249,36],{"class":184},[56,132251,181],{"class":180},[56,132253,78],{"class":70},[56,132255,81],{"class":74},[56,132257,5451],{"class":70},[56,132259,50852],{"class":123},[20,132261,132262,132263,4480,132265,141],{},"Or include both ",[15,132264,36154],{},[15,132266,52742],{},[47,132268,132270],{"className":49,"code":132269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132271,132272,132284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132273,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132275,1466],{"class":62},[56,132277,67],{"class":66},[56,132279,191],{"class":180},[56,132281,571],{"class":184},[56,132283,1476],{"class":180},[56,132285,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132287,112],{"class":111},[56,132289,115],{"class":70},[56,132291,1481],{"class":101},[56,132293,98],{"class":70},[56,132295,35927],{"class":101},[56,132297,115],{"class":70},[56,132299,181],{"class":180},[56,132301,36],{"class":184},[56,132303,181],{"class":180},[56,132305,78],{"class":70},[56,132307,81],{"class":74},[56,132309,78],{"class":70},[56,132311,4693],{"class":74},[56,132313,5451],{"class":70},[56,132315,50852],{"class":123},[42,132317,38099],{"id":38098},[20,132319,28789,132320,132322,132323,98],{},[15,132321,59043],{}," is a ",[540,132324,132325],{},"zero-based index",[20,132327,2205],{},[143,132329,132330,132336,132341],{},[146,132331,132332,132333,132335],{},"Index ",[15,132334,2218],{}," is the first character",[146,132337,132332,132338,132340],{},[15,132339,75],{}," is the second character",[146,132342,132332,132343,132345],{},[15,132344,1097],{}," is the third character",[20,132347,163],{},[47,132349,132351],{"className":49,"code":132350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132352,132353,132365,132369,132393,132417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132354,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132356,1466],{"class":62},[56,132358,67],{"class":66},[56,132360,191],{"class":180},[56,132362,37126],{"class":184},[56,132364,1476],{"class":180},[56,132366,132367],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132368,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132370,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132372,112],{"class":111},[56,132374,115],{"class":70},[56,132376,1481],{"class":101},[56,132378,98],{"class":70},[56,132380,35927],{"class":101},[56,132382,115],{"class":70},[56,132384,181],{"class":180},[56,132386,203],{"class":184},[56,132388,181],{"class":180},[56,132390,5451],{"class":70},[56,132392,51328],{"class":123},[56,132394,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,132396,112],{"class":111},[56,132398,115],{"class":70},[56,132400,1481],{"class":101},[56,132402,98],{"class":70},[56,132404,35927],{"class":101},[56,132406,115],{"class":70},[56,132408,181],{"class":180},[56,132410,36],{"class":184},[56,132412,181],{"class":180},[56,132414,5451],{"class":70},[56,132416,27862],{"class":123},[56,132418,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,132420,112],{"class":111},[56,132422,115],{"class":70},[56,132424,1481],{"class":101},[56,132426,98],{"class":70},[56,132428,35927],{"class":101},[56,132430,115],{"class":70},[56,132432,181],{"class":180},[56,132434,63361],{"class":184},[56,132436,181],{"class":180},[56,132438,5451],{"class":70},[56,132440,51496],{"class":123},[20,132442,132443,132445,132446,132448],{},[15,132444,59043],{}," returns only the ",[540,132447,29990],{}," matching position.",[47,132450,132452],{"className":49,"code":132451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132453,132454,132466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132455,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132457,1466],{"class":62},[56,132459,67],{"class":66},[56,132461,191],{"class":180},[56,132463,571],{"class":184},[56,132465,1476],{"class":180},[56,132467,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132469,112],{"class":111},[56,132471,115],{"class":70},[56,132473,1481],{"class":101},[56,132475,98],{"class":70},[56,132477,35927],{"class":101},[56,132479,115],{"class":70},[56,132481,181],{"class":180},[56,132483,36],{"class":184},[56,132485,181],{"class":180},[56,132487,5451],{"class":70},[56,132489,27862],{"class":123},[20,132491,21058,132492,132494],{},[15,132493,18176],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132496,132497,132498,98],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[36,132499,132500,1384],{"href":124724},[15,132501,58665],{},[42,132503,1441,132504,4480,132506],{"id":65480},[15,132505,36154],{},[15,132507,52742],{},[20,132509,2079,132510,4480,132512,132514],{},[15,132511,36154],{},[15,132513,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132516,132517],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132519,46121,132520,141],{},[15,132521,36154],{},[47,132523,132525],{"className":49,"code":132524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132526,132527,132539,132543,132567,132595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132528,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132530,1466],{"class":62},[56,132532,67],{"class":66},[56,132534,191],{"class":180},[56,132536,571],{"class":184},[56,132538,1476],{"class":180},[56,132540,132541],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132542,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132546,112],{"class":111},[56,132548,115],{"class":70},[56,132550,1481],{"class":101},[56,132552,98],{"class":70},[56,132554,35927],{"class":101},[56,132556,115],{"class":70},[56,132558,181],{"class":180},[56,132560,36],{"class":184},[56,132562,181],{"class":180},[56,132564,5451],{"class":70},[56,132566,51201],{"class":123},[56,132568,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,132570,112],{"class":111},[56,132572,115],{"class":70},[56,132574,1481],{"class":101},[56,132576,98],{"class":70},[56,132578,35927],{"class":101},[56,132580,115],{"class":70},[56,132582,181],{"class":180},[56,132584,36],{"class":184},[56,132586,181],{"class":180},[56,132588,78],{"class":70},[56,132590,81],{"class":74},[56,132592,5451],{"class":70},[56,132594,51050],{"class":123},[56,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,132598,112],{"class":111},[56,132600,115],{"class":70},[56,132602,1481],{"class":101},[56,132604,98],{"class":70},[56,132606,35927],{"class":101},[56,132608,115],{"class":70},[56,132610,181],{"class":180},[56,132612,36],{"class":184},[56,132614,181],{"class":180},[56,132616,78],{"class":70},[56,132618,2554],{"class":74},[56,132620,5451],{"class":70},[56,132622,50835],{"class":123},[20,132624,20037],{},[143,132626,132627,132634,132640],{},[146,132628,132629,132630,65670,132632],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132631,18176],{},[15,132633,75],{},[146,132635,132636,132637,132639],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132638,1097],{}," skips that first match",[146,132641,132636,132642,132644,132645],{},[15,132643,2602],{}," finds the last ",[15,132646,18176],{},[20,132648,46121,132649,141],{},[15,132650,52742],{},[47,132652,132654],{"className":49,"code":132653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132655,132656,132668,132672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132657,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132659,1466],{"class":62},[56,132661,67],{"class":66},[56,132663,191],{"class":180},[56,132665,571],{"class":184},[56,132667,1476],{"class":180},[56,132669,132670],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132671,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132673,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132675,112],{"class":111},[56,132677,115],{"class":70},[56,132679,1481],{"class":101},[56,132681,98],{"class":70},[56,132683,35927],{"class":101},[56,132685,115],{"class":70},[56,132687,181],{"class":180},[56,132689,75949],{"class":184},[56,132691,181],{"class":180},[56,132693,78],{"class":70},[56,132695,3923],{"class":74},[56,132697,78],{"class":70},[56,132699,2554],{"class":74},[56,132701,5451],{"class":70},[56,132703,51496],{"class":123},[20,132705,132706],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132708,132709],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[42,132711,44293,132713,132715],{"id":132712},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132714,59043],{}," causes an error",[20,132717,132718,132719,52576,132721,98],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132720,59043],{},[15,132722,40784],{},[20,132724,163],{},[47,132726,132728],{"className":49,"code":132727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132729,132730,132742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132731,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132733,1466],{"class":62},[56,132735,67],{"class":66},[56,132737,191],{"class":180},[56,132739,1473],{"class":184},[56,132741,1476],{"class":180},[56,132743,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132745,112],{"class":111},[56,132747,115],{"class":70},[56,132749,1481],{"class":101},[56,132751,98],{"class":70},[56,132753,35927],{"class":101},[56,132755,115],{"class":70},[56,132757,181],{"class":180},[56,132759,22158],{"class":184},[56,132761,181],{"class":180},[56,132763,1553],{"class":70},[20,132765,241],{},[47,132767,132769],{"className":49,"code":132768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132770,132771],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132772,132773,132775,132777,132780,132782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132774,40784],{"class":1545},[56,132776,141],{"class":70},[56,132778,132779],{"class":62}," substring ",[56,132781,931],{"class":66},[56,132783,65903],{"class":62},[20,132785,53422,132786,126240,132791,132793],{},[36,132787,132788],{"href":129918},[15,132789,132790],{},"str.find()",[15,132792,65928],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132795,132796,132797,4480,132799,141],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132798,29885],{},[15,132800,29916],{},[47,132802,132804],{"className":49,"code":132803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132805,132806,132818,132822,132828,132851,132861,132869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132807,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132809,1466],{"class":62},[56,132811,67],{"class":66},[56,132813,191],{"class":180},[56,132815,1473],{"class":184},[56,132817,1476],{"class":180},[56,132819,132820],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132821,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,132823,132824,132826],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132825,29885],{"class":3965},[56,132827,6484],{"class":70},[56,132829,132830,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,132831,132832],{"class":62},"    position ",[56,132834,67],{"class":66},[56,132836,42921],{"class":62},[56,132838,98],{"class":70},[56,132840,35927],{"class":101},[56,132842,115],{"class":70},[56,132844,181],{"class":180},[56,132846,22158],{"class":184},[56,132848,181],{"class":180},[56,132850,238],{"class":70},[56,132852,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,132854,8160],{"class":111},[56,132856,115],{"class":70},[56,132858,65020],{"class":101},[56,132860,238],{"class":70},[56,132862,132863,132865,132867],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,132864,29916],{"class":3965},[56,132866,42006],{"class":1545},[56,132868,6484],{"class":70},[56,132870,132871,132873,132875,132877,132880,132882],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,132872,8160],{"class":111},[56,132874,115],{"class":70},[56,132876,181],{"class":180},[56,132878,132879],{"class":184},"Substring not found",[56,132881,181],{"class":180},[56,132883,238],{"class":70},[20,132885,132886],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132888,42026,132889,98],{},[36,132890,25761,132892],{"href":132891},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132893,129245],{},[42,132895,132897,1021,132899],{"id":132896},"index-vs-find",[15,132898,59043],{},[15,132900,124269],{},[20,132902,132903,4480,132905,132907],{},[15,132904,59043],{},[15,132906,124269],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1030,132909,132910],{"id":35927},[15,132911,59043],{},[143,132913,132914,132917],{},[146,132915,132916],{},"Returns the first match position",[146,132918,132919],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[47,132921,132923],{"className":49,"code":132922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132924,132925,132937,132961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132926,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132928,1466],{"class":62},[56,132930,67],{"class":66},[56,132932,191],{"class":180},[56,132934,1473],{"class":184},[56,132936,1476],{"class":180},[56,132938,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132940,112],{"class":111},[56,132942,115],{"class":70},[56,132944,1481],{"class":101},[56,132946,98],{"class":70},[56,132948,35927],{"class":101},[56,132950,115],{"class":70},[56,132952,181],{"class":180},[56,132954,60523],{"class":184},[56,132956,181],{"class":180},[56,132958,5451],{"class":70},[56,132960,27862],{"class":123},[56,132962,132963],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,132964,132965],{"class":123},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1030,132967,132968],{"id":128299},[15,132969,124269],{},[143,132971,132972,132974],{},[146,132973,132916],{},[146,132975,154,132976,132978],{},[15,132977,65928],{}," if nothing is found",[47,132980,132982],{"className":49,"code":132981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132983,132984,132996,133020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132985,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132987,1466],{"class":62},[56,132989,67],{"class":66},[56,132991,191],{"class":180},[56,132993,1473],{"class":184},[56,132995,1476],{"class":180},[56,132997,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,132999,112],{"class":111},[56,133001,115],{"class":70},[56,133003,1481],{"class":101},[56,133005,98],{"class":70},[56,133007,128299],{"class":101},[56,133009,115],{"class":70},[56,133011,181],{"class":180},[56,133013,60523],{"class":184},[56,133015,181],{"class":180},[56,133017,5451],{"class":70},[56,133019,27862],{"class":123},[56,133021,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133023,112],{"class":111},[56,133025,115],{"class":70},[56,133027,1481],{"class":101},[56,133029,98],{"class":70},[56,133031,128299],{"class":101},[56,133033,115],{"class":70},[56,133035,181],{"class":180},[56,133037,22158],{"class":184},[56,133039,181],{"class":180},[56,133041,5451],{"class":70},[56,133043,128655],{"class":123},[20,133045,650,133046,133048],{},[15,133047,59043],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133050,650,133051,133053],{},[15,133052,124269],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133055,133056,133057,2976,133062,98],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[36,133058,133059,133061],{"href":129918},[15,133060,132790],{}," method reference",[36,133063,127310],{"href":133064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[42,133066,1418],{"id":1417},[20,133068,133069,133070,141],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133071,59043],{},[143,133073,133074,133077,133084,133089,133094],{},[146,133075,133076],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[146,133078,1435,133079,8543,133081,133083],{},[15,133080,59043],{},[15,133082,65928],{}," when no match exists",[146,133085,1441,133086,133088],{},[15,133087,59043],{}," on a value that may not be present",[146,133090,133091,133092],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133093,75],{},[146,133095,4667,133096,133098],{},[15,133097,59043],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133100,62370],{},[47,133102,133104],{"className":49,"code":133103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133105,133106,133116,133130,133152,133174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133107,133108,133110,133112,133114],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133109,112],{"class":111},[56,133111,115],{"class":70},[56,133113,1481],{"class":101},[56,133115,238],{"class":70},[56,133117,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133119,112],{"class":111},[56,133121,115],{"class":70},[56,133123,41859],{"class":111},[56,133125,115],{"class":70},[56,133127,1481],{"class":101},[56,133129,1553],{"class":70},[56,133131,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133133,112],{"class":111},[56,133135,115],{"class":70},[56,133137,1481],{"class":101},[56,133139,98],{"class":70},[56,133141,35927],{"class":101},[56,133143,115],{"class":70},[56,133145,181],{"class":180},[56,133147,2570],{"class":184},[56,133149,181],{"class":180},[56,133151,1553],{"class":70},[56,133153,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,133155,112],{"class":111},[56,133157,115],{"class":70},[56,133159,1481],{"class":101},[56,133161,98],{"class":70},[56,133163,128299],{"class":101},[56,133165,115],{"class":70},[56,133167,181],{"class":180},[56,133169,2570],{"class":184},[56,133171,181],{"class":180},[56,133173,1553],{"class":70},[56,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,133177,112],{"class":111},[56,133179,115],{"class":70},[56,133181,1481],{"class":101},[56,133183,98],{"class":70},[56,133185,35927],{"class":101},[56,133187,115],{"class":70},[56,133189,181],{"class":180},[56,133191,2570],{"class":184},[56,133193,181],{"class":180},[56,133195,78],{"class":70},[56,133197,36133],{"class":101},[56,133199,78],{"class":70},[56,133201,65114],{"class":101},[56,133203,1553],{"class":70},[20,133205,133206],{},"Tips:",[143,133208,133209,133214,133219,133222],{},[146,133210,650,133211,133213],{},[15,133212,126196],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[146,133215,650,133216,133218],{},[15,133217,124269],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[146,133220,133221],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[146,133223,133224,133225],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133226,2218],{},[42,133228,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,133230,129778,133232,12797],{"id":133231},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133233,59043],{},[20,133235,133236],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1030,133238,133240],{"id":133239},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133242,76777,133243,98],{},[15,133244,40784],{},[1030,133246,5268,133248,4480,133250,1911],{"id":133247},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133249,59043],{},[15,133251,124269],{},[20,133253,133254,133256,133257,2494,133259,6720],{},[15,133255,59043],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133258,124269],{},[15,133260,65928],{},[1030,133262,5258,133264,133266],{"id":133263},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133265,59043],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133268,133269],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1030,133271,133273,133274,124610],{"id":133272},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133275,59043],{},[20,133277,129803],{},[42,133279,1996],{"id":1995},[143,133281,133282,133288,133292,133297,133303],{},[146,133283,133284],{},[36,133285,133286,1384],{"href":129918},[15,133287,132790],{},[146,133289,133290],{},[36,133291,124673],{"href":133064},[146,133293,133294],{},[36,133295,129879],{"href":133296},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[146,133298,133299],{},[36,133300,133301,1384],{"href":124724},[15,133302,58665],{},[146,133304,133305],{},[36,133306,30429,133307],{"href":132891},[15,133308,129245],{},[2028,133310,133311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132896,"depth":92,"text":133323,"children":133324},"index() vs find()",[133325,133326],{"id":35927,"depth":108,"text":59043},{"id":128299,"depth":108,"text":124269},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":133329},[133330,133332,133333,133335,133337],{"id":133231,"depth":108,"text":133331},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133239,"depth":108,"text":133240},{"id":133247,"depth":108,"text":133334},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133263,"depth":108,"text":133336},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133272,"depth":108,"text":133338},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131859,"description":133340},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133347,"title":133348,"body":133349,"description":136124,"extension":2062,"meta":136125,"navigation":600,"path":136126,"seo":136127,"stem":136128,"__hash__":136129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133350,"toc":136060},[133351,133357,133362,133365,133368,133379,133381,133450,133452,133466,133471,133476,133481,133483,133526,133528,133611,133613,133659,133665,133667,133669,133689,133691,133714,133716,133790,133792,133811,133816,133818,133822,133894,133896,133910,133914,133990,133992,134011,134015,134109,134111,134120,134127,134203,134205,134223,134227,134230,134237,134286,134288,134297,134304,134363,134365,134383,134386,134393,134452,134454,134472,134479,134536,134538,134547,134551,134556,134560,134619,134621,134639,134643,134690,134695,134698,134767,134769,134786,134793,134799,134854,134859,134862,134939,134941,134959,134965,134971,135031,135033,135052,135058,135061,135068,135121,135126,135128,135189,135198,135205,135207,135264,135269,135271,135342,135346,135401,135403,135412,135417,135423,135492,135494,135526,135532,135540,135547,135553,135618,135620,135629,135635,135716,135718,135727,135732,135746,135753,135757,135762,135790,135792,135925,135928,135965,135967,135973,135982,135987,135990,135995,136000,136006,136009,136018,136021,136023,136052,136057],[10,133352,123274,133354,18],{"id":133353},"python-string-join-method",[15,133355,133356],{},"join()",[20,133358,123279,133359,133361],{},[15,133360,133356],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133363,133364],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133366,133367],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[143,133369,133370,133376],{},[146,133371,133372,133373,133375],{},"You call ",[15,133374,133356],{}," on the separator string",[146,133377,133378],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[42,133380,45],{"id":44},[47,133382,133384],{"className":49,"code":133383,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133385,133386,133419,133440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133387,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133415,133417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133389,4159],{"class":62},[56,133391,67],{"class":66},[56,133393,71],{"class":70},[56,133395,181],{"class":180},[56,133397,7387],{"class":184},[56,133399,181],{"class":180},[56,133401,78],{"class":70},[56,133403,191],{"class":180},[56,133405,12277],{"class":184},[56,133407,181],{"class":180},[56,133409,78],{"class":70},[56,133411,191],{"class":180},[56,133413,133414],{"class":184},"fun",[56,133416,181],{"class":180},[56,133418,89],{"class":70},[56,133420,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133434,133436,133438],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133422,1156],{"class":62},[56,133424,67],{"class":66},[56,133426,191],{"class":180},[56,133428,191],{"class":180},[56,133430,98],{"class":70},[56,133432,133433],{"class":101},"join",[56,133435,115],{"class":70},[56,133437,4200],{"class":101},[56,133439,238],{"class":70},[56,133441,133442,133444,133446,133448],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133443,112],{"class":111},[56,133445,115],{"class":70},[56,133447,1190],{"class":101},[56,133449,238],{"class":70},[20,133451,241],{},[47,133453,133455],{"className":49,"code":133454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is fun\n",[15,133456,133457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133458,133459,133461,133463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133460,2009],{"class":62},[56,133462,12277],{"class":66},[56,133464,133465],{"class":62}," fun\n",[20,133467,650,133468,133470],{},[15,133469,133356],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[42,133472,133,133474,136],{"id":133473},"what-join-does",[15,133475,133356],{},[20,133477,133478,133480],{},[15,133479,133356],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133482,11546],{},[143,133484,133485,133492,133520,133523],{},[146,133486,133487,133488,133491],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133489,133490],{},".join()"," as the separator",[146,133493,133494,133495],{},"Common separators are:\n",[143,133496,133497,133503,133509,133515],{},[146,133498,133499,133502],{},[15,133500,133501],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[146,133504,133505,133508],{},[15,133506,133507],{},"\", \""," for commas",[146,133510,133511,133514],{},[15,133512,133513],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[146,133516,133517,133519],{},[15,133518,6362],{}," for no separator",[146,133521,133522],{},"It returns a new string",[146,133524,133525],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133527,163],{},[47,133529,133531],{"className":49,"code":133530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133532,133533,133565,133587,133591,133601],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133534,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133536,4159],{"class":62},[56,133538,67],{"class":66},[56,133540,71],{"class":70},[56,133542,181],{"class":180},[56,133544,343],{"class":184},[56,133546,181],{"class":180},[56,133548,78],{"class":70},[56,133550,191],{"class":180},[56,133552,352],{"class":184},[56,133554,181],{"class":180},[56,133556,78],{"class":70},[56,133558,191],{"class":180},[56,133560,361],{"class":184},[56,133562,181],{"class":180},[56,133564,89],{"class":70},[56,133566,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133568,1156],{"class":62},[56,133570,67],{"class":66},[56,133572,191],{"class":180},[56,133574,2287],{"class":184},[56,133576,181],{"class":180},[56,133578,98],{"class":70},[56,133580,133433],{"class":101},[56,133582,115],{"class":70},[56,133584,4200],{"class":101},[56,133586,238],{"class":70},[56,133588,133589],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133590,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,133592,133593,133595,133597,133599],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,133594,112],{"class":111},[56,133596,115],{"class":70},[56,133598,1190],{"class":101},[56,133600,238],{"class":70},[56,133602,133603,133605,133607,133609],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,133604,112],{"class":111},[56,133606,115],{"class":70},[56,133608,4200],{"class":101},[56,133610,238],{"class":70},[20,133612,241],{},[47,133614,133616],{"className":49,"code":133615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133617,133618,133631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133619,133620,133622,133624,133627,133629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133621,343],{"class":62},[56,133623,78],{"class":70},[56,133625,133626],{"class":62}," green",[56,133628,78],{"class":70},[56,133630,35962],{"class":62},[56,133632,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133634,251],{"class":70},[56,133636,254],{"class":180},[56,133638,343],{"class":184},[56,133640,254],{"class":180},[56,133642,78],{"class":70},[56,133644,263],{"class":180},[56,133646,352],{"class":184},[56,133648,254],{"class":180},[56,133650,78],{"class":70},[56,133652,263],{"class":180},[56,133654,361],{"class":184},[56,133656,254],{"class":180},[56,133658,89],{"class":70},[20,133660,133661,133662,133664],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133663,133356],{}," creates a new string.",[42,133666,289],{"id":288},[20,133668,7308],{},[47,133670,133672],{"className":49,"code":133671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133673,133674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133675,133676,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133677,133678],{"class":62},"separator",[56,133680,98],{"class":70},[56,133682,133433],{"class":101},[56,133684,115],{"class":70},[56,133686,3810],{"class":101},[56,133688,238],{"class":70},[1030,133690,49091],{"id":49090},[143,133692,133693,133706,133711],{},[146,133694,133695,133697,133698,2287,133700,2287,133702,2291,133704],{},[15,133696,133678],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133699,133501],{},[15,133701,133507],{},[15,133703,133513],{},[15,133705,6362],{},[146,133707,133708,133710],{},[15,133709,3810],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[146,133712,133713],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133715,163],{},[47,133717,133719],{"className":49,"code":133718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133720,133721,133753,133776,133780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133722,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133724,5082],{"class":62},[56,133726,67],{"class":66},[56,133728,71],{"class":70},[56,133730,181],{"class":180},[56,133732,12961],{"class":184},[56,133734,181],{"class":180},[56,133736,78],{"class":70},[56,133738,191],{"class":180},[56,133740,36022],{"class":184},[56,133742,181],{"class":180},[56,133744,78],{"class":70},[56,133746,191],{"class":180},[56,133748,36031],{"class":184},[56,133750,181],{"class":180},[56,133752,89],{"class":70},[56,133754,133755,133757,133759,133761,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133756,1156],{"class":62},[56,133758,67],{"class":66},[56,133760,191],{"class":180},[56,133762,133763],{"class":184}," | ",[56,133765,181],{"class":180},[56,133767,98],{"class":70},[56,133769,133433],{"class":101},[56,133771,115],{"class":70},[56,133773,5126],{"class":101},[56,133775,238],{"class":70},[56,133777,133778],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133779,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,133781,133782,133784,133786,133788],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,133783,112],{"class":111},[56,133785,115],{"class":70},[56,133787,1190],{"class":101},[56,133789,238],{"class":70},[20,133791,241],{},[47,133793,133795],{"className":49,"code":133794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133796,133797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133798,133799,133802,133804,133807,133809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133800,133801],{"class":62},"Ana ",[56,133803,113781],{"class":66},[56,133805,133806],{"class":62}," Ben ",[56,133808,113781],{"class":66},[56,133810,36103],{"class":62},[20,133812,133813,133814,98],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[36,133815,125029],{"href":51056},[42,133817,121805],{"id":121804},[1030,133819,133821],{"id":133820},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[47,133823,133825],{"className":49,"code":133824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133826,133827,133860,133880,133884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133828,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133856,133858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133830,4159],{"class":62},[56,133832,67],{"class":66},[56,133834,71],{"class":70},[56,133836,181],{"class":180},[56,133838,7387],{"class":184},[56,133840,181],{"class":180},[56,133842,78],{"class":70},[56,133844,191],{"class":180},[56,133846,12277],{"class":184},[56,133848,181],{"class":180},[56,133850,78],{"class":70},[56,133852,191],{"class":180},[56,133854,133855],{"class":184},"easy",[56,133857,181],{"class":180},[56,133859,89],{"class":70},[56,133861,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133863,1156],{"class":62},[56,133865,67],{"class":66},[56,133867,191],{"class":180},[56,133869,191],{"class":180},[56,133871,98],{"class":70},[56,133873,133433],{"class":101},[56,133875,115],{"class":70},[56,133877,4200],{"class":101},[56,133879,238],{"class":70},[56,133881,133882],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133883,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,133885,133886,133888,133890,133892],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,133887,112],{"class":111},[56,133889,115],{"class":70},[56,133891,1190],{"class":101},[56,133893,238],{"class":70},[20,133895,241],{},[47,133897,133899],{"className":49,"code":133898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is easy\n",[15,133900,133901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133902,133903,133905,133907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133904,2009],{"class":62},[56,133906,12277],{"class":66},[56,133908,133909],{"class":62}," easy\n",[1030,133911,133913],{"id":133912},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[47,133915,133917],{"className":49,"code":133916,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133918,133919,133954,133976,133980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133920,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133932,133934,133936,133938,133941,133943,133945,133947,133950,133952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133922,7871],{"class":62},[56,133924,67],{"class":66},[56,133926,71],{"class":70},[56,133928,181],{"class":180},[56,133930,133931],{"class":184},"apples",[56,133933,181],{"class":180},[56,133935,78],{"class":70},[56,133937,191],{"class":180},[56,133939,133940],{"class":184},"bananas",[56,133942,181],{"class":180},[56,133944,78],{"class":70},[56,133946,191],{"class":180},[56,133948,133949],{"class":184},"oranges",[56,133951,181],{"class":180},[56,133953,89],{"class":70},[56,133955,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,133957,1156],{"class":62},[56,133959,67],{"class":66},[56,133961,191],{"class":180},[56,133963,2287],{"class":184},[56,133965,181],{"class":180},[56,133967,98],{"class":70},[56,133969,133433],{"class":101},[56,133971,115],{"class":70},[56,133973,7900],{"class":101},[56,133975,238],{"class":70},[56,133977,133978],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,133979,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,133981,133982,133984,133986,133988],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,133983,112],{"class":111},[56,133985,115],{"class":70},[56,133987,1190],{"class":101},[56,133989,238],{"class":70},[20,133991,241],{},[47,133993,133995],{"className":49,"code":133994,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133996,133997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133998,133999,134001,134003,134006,134008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134000,133931],{"class":62},[56,134002,78],{"class":70},[56,134004,134005],{"class":62}," bananas",[56,134007,78],{"class":70},[56,134009,134010],{"class":62}," oranges\n",[1030,134012,134014],{"id":134013},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[47,134016,134018],{"className":49,"code":134017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134019,134020,134077,134095,134099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134021,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134023,173],{"class":62},[56,134025,67],{"class":66},[56,134027,71],{"class":70},[56,134029,181],{"class":180},[56,134031,134032],{"class":184},"P",[56,134034,181],{"class":180},[56,134036,78],{"class":70},[56,134038,191],{"class":180},[56,134040,11831],{"class":184},[56,134042,181],{"class":180},[56,134044,78],{"class":70},[56,134046,191],{"class":180},[56,134048,63361],{"class":184},[56,134050,181],{"class":180},[56,134052,78],{"class":70},[56,134054,191],{"class":180},[56,134056,60514],{"class":184},[56,134058,181],{"class":180},[56,134060,78],{"class":70},[56,134062,191],{"class":180},[56,134064,60549],{"class":184},[56,134066,181],{"class":180},[56,134068,78],{"class":70},[56,134070,191],{"class":180},[56,134072,75949],{"class":184},[56,134074,181],{"class":180},[56,134076,89],{"class":70},[56,134078,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134080,1156],{"class":62},[56,134082,67],{"class":66},[56,134084,6216],{"class":180},[56,134086,98],{"class":70},[56,134088,133433],{"class":101},[56,134090,115],{"class":70},[56,134092,221],{"class":101},[56,134094,238],{"class":70},[56,134096,134097],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,134098,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,134102,112],{"class":111},[56,134104,115],{"class":70},[56,134106,1190],{"class":101},[56,134108,238],{"class":70},[20,134110,241],{},[47,134112,134114],{"className":49,"code":134113,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python\n",[15,134115,134116],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134117,134118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134119,134113],{"class":62},[1030,134121,134123,134124,134126],{"id":134122},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134125,133356],{}," returns the result",[47,134128,134130],{"className":49,"code":134129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134131,134132,134165,134188,134192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134161,134163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134135,4159],{"class":62},[56,134137,67],{"class":66},[56,134139,71],{"class":70},[56,134141,181],{"class":180},[56,134143,6674],{"class":184},[56,134145,181],{"class":180},[56,134147,78],{"class":70},[56,134149,191],{"class":180},[56,134151,79190],{"class":184},[56,134153,181],{"class":180},[56,134155,78],{"class":70},[56,134157,191],{"class":180},[56,134159,134160],{"class":184},"three",[56,134162,181],{"class":180},[56,134164,89],{"class":70},[56,134166,134167,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134168,134169],{"class":62},"joined_text ",[56,134171,67],{"class":66},[56,134173,191],{"class":180},[56,134175,709],{"class":184},[56,134177,181],{"class":180},[56,134179,98],{"class":70},[56,134181,133433],{"class":101},[56,134183,115],{"class":70},[56,134185,4200],{"class":101},[56,134187,238],{"class":70},[56,134189,134190],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,134191,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,134193,134194,134196,134198,134201],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,134195,112],{"class":111},[56,134197,115],{"class":70},[56,134199,134200],{"class":101},"joined_text",[56,134202,238],{"class":70},[20,134204,241],{},[47,134206,134208],{"className":49,"code":134207,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one-two-three\n",[15,134209,134210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134211,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134213,6674],{"class":62},[56,134215,709],{"class":66},[56,134217,79190],{"class":62},[56,134219,709],{"class":66},[56,134221,134222],{"class":62},"three\n",[42,134224,134226],{"id":134225},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134228,134229],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1030,134231,134233,134236],{"id":134232},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134234,134235],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[47,134238,134240],{"className":49,"code":134239,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134241,134242,134266],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134243,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134245,4159],{"class":62},[56,134247,67],{"class":66},[56,134249,71],{"class":70},[56,134251,181],{"class":180},[56,134253,1473],{"class":184},[56,134255,181],{"class":180},[56,134257,78],{"class":70},[56,134259,191],{"class":180},[56,134261,60667],{"class":184},[56,134263,181],{"class":180},[56,134265,89],{"class":70},[56,134267,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134269,112],{"class":111},[56,134271,115],{"class":70},[56,134273,181],{"class":180},[56,134275,191],{"class":180},[56,134277,98],{"class":70},[56,134279,133433],{"class":101},[56,134281,115],{"class":70},[56,134283,4200],{"class":101},[56,134285,1553],{"class":70},[20,134287,241],{},[47,134289,134291],{"className":49,"code":134290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n",[15,134292,134293],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134294,134295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134296,134290],{"class":62},[1030,134298,134300,134303],{"id":134299},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134301,134302],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[47,134305,134307],{"className":49,"code":134306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134308,134309,134341],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134310,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134312,334],{"class":62},[56,134314,67],{"class":66},[56,134316,71],{"class":70},[56,134318,181],{"class":180},[56,134320,343],{"class":184},[56,134322,181],{"class":180},[56,134324,78],{"class":70},[56,134326,191],{"class":180},[56,134328,361],{"class":184},[56,134330,181],{"class":180},[56,134332,78],{"class":70},[56,134334,191],{"class":180},[56,134336,352],{"class":184},[56,134338,181],{"class":180},[56,134340,89],{"class":70},[56,134342,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134344,112],{"class":111},[56,134346,115],{"class":70},[56,134348,181],{"class":180},[56,134350,2287],{"class":184},[56,134352,181],{"class":180},[56,134354,98],{"class":70},[56,134356,133433],{"class":101},[56,134358,115],{"class":70},[56,134360,370],{"class":101},[56,134362,1553],{"class":70},[20,134364,241],{},[47,134366,134368],{"className":49,"code":134367,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134369,134370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134371,134372,134374,134376,134379,134381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134373,343],{"class":62},[56,134375,78],{"class":70},[56,134377,134378],{"class":62}," blue",[56,134380,78],{"class":70},[56,134382,35955],{"class":62},[20,134384,134385],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1030,134387,134389,134392],{"id":134388},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134390,134391],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[47,134394,134396],{"className":49,"code":134395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134397,134398,134430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134399,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134401,42916],{"class":62},[56,134403,67],{"class":66},[56,134405,71],{"class":70},[56,134407,181],{"class":180},[56,134409,51],{"class":184},[56,134411,181],{"class":180},[56,134413,78],{"class":70},[56,134415,191],{"class":180},[56,134417,61250],{"class":184},[56,134419,181],{"class":180},[56,134421,78],{"class":70},[56,134423,191],{"class":180},[56,134425,133433],{"class":184},[56,134427,181],{"class":180},[56,134429,89],{"class":70},[56,134431,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134433,112],{"class":111},[56,134435,115],{"class":70},[56,134437,181],{"class":180},[56,134439,709],{"class":184},[56,134441,181],{"class":180},[56,134443,98],{"class":70},[56,134445,133433],{"class":101},[56,134447,115],{"class":70},[56,134449,42948],{"class":101},[56,134451,1553],{"class":70},[20,134453,241],{},[47,134455,134457],{"className":49,"code":134456,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python-string-join\n",[15,134458,134459],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134460,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134462,51],{"class":62},[56,134464,709],{"class":66},[56,134466,61250],{"class":62},[56,134468,709],{"class":66},[56,134470,134471],{"class":62},"join\n",[1030,134473,134475,134478],{"id":134474},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134476,134477],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[47,134480,134482],{"className":49,"code":134481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134483,134484,134517],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134513,134515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134487,112853],{"class":62},[56,134489,67],{"class":66},[56,134491,71],{"class":70},[56,134493,181],{"class":180},[56,134495,22326],{"class":184},[56,134497,181],{"class":180},[56,134499,78],{"class":70},[56,134501,191],{"class":180},[56,134503,30682],{"class":184},[56,134505,181],{"class":180},[56,134507,78],{"class":70},[56,134509,191],{"class":180},[56,134511,134512],{"class":184},"C",[56,134514,181],{"class":180},[56,134516,89],{"class":70},[56,134518,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134534],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134520,112],{"class":111},[56,134522,115],{"class":70},[56,134524,6362],{"class":180},[56,134526,98],{"class":70},[56,134528,133433],{"class":101},[56,134530,115],{"class":70},[56,134532,134533],{"class":101},"chars",[56,134535,1553],{"class":70},[20,134537,241],{},[47,134539,134541],{"className":49,"code":134540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ABC\n",[15,134542,134543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134544,134545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134546,134540],{"class":34534},[42,134548,134550],{"id":134549},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134552,134553,134555],{},[15,134554,133356],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1030,134557,134559],{"id":134558},"this-works","This works",[47,134561,134563],{"className":49,"code":134562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134564,134565,134597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134568,3912],{"class":62},[56,134570,67],{"class":66},[56,134572,71],{"class":70},[56,134574,181],{"class":180},[56,134576,444],{"class":184},[56,134578,181],{"class":180},[56,134580,78],{"class":70},[56,134582,191],{"class":180},[56,134584,15834],{"class":184},[56,134586,181],{"class":180},[56,134588,78],{"class":70},[56,134590,191],{"class":180},[56,134592,36920],{"class":184},[56,134594,181],{"class":180},[56,134596,89],{"class":70},[56,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134600,112],{"class":111},[56,134602,115],{"class":70},[56,134604,181],{"class":180},[56,134606,2287],{"class":184},[56,134608,181],{"class":180},[56,134610,98],{"class":70},[56,134612,133433],{"class":101},[56,134614,115],{"class":70},[56,134616,5448],{"class":101},[56,134618,1553],{"class":70},[20,134620,241],{},[47,134622,134624],{"className":49,"code":134623,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134625,134626],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134627,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134629,444],{"class":74},[56,134631,78],{"class":70},[56,134633,449],{"class":74},[56,134635,78],{"class":70},[56,134637,134638],{"class":74}," 30\n",[1030,134640,134642],{"id":134641},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[47,134644,134646],{"className":49,"code":134645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134647,134648,134668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134649,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134651,3912],{"class":62},[56,134653,67],{"class":66},[56,134655,71],{"class":70},[56,134657,75],{"class":74},[56,134659,78],{"class":70},[56,134661,81],{"class":74},[56,134663,78],{"class":70},[56,134665,86],{"class":74},[56,134667,89],{"class":70},[56,134669,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134671,112],{"class":111},[56,134673,115],{"class":70},[56,134675,181],{"class":180},[56,134677,2287],{"class":184},[56,134679,181],{"class":180},[56,134681,98],{"class":70},[56,134683,133433],{"class":101},[56,134685,115],{"class":70},[56,134687,5448],{"class":101},[56,134689,1553],{"class":70},[20,134691,90230,134692,134694],{},[15,134693,3103],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134696,134697],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[47,134699,134701],{"className":49,"code":134700,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134702,134703,134723,134753,134757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134704,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134706,3912],{"class":62},[56,134708,67],{"class":66},[56,134710,71],{"class":70},[56,134712,75],{"class":74},[56,134714,78],{"class":70},[56,134716,81],{"class":74},[56,134718,78],{"class":70},[56,134720,86],{"class":74},[56,134722,89],{"class":70},[56,134724,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134726,1156],{"class":62},[56,134728,67],{"class":66},[56,134730,191],{"class":180},[56,134732,2287],{"class":184},[56,134734,181],{"class":180},[56,134736,98],{"class":70},[56,134738,133433],{"class":101},[56,134740,115],{"class":70},[56,134742,39939],{"class":111},[56,134744,115],{"class":70},[56,134746,3538],{"class":1545},[56,134748,78],{"class":70},[56,134750,3975],{"class":101},[56,134752,1553],{"class":70},[56,134754,134755],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,134756,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,134758,134759,134761,134763,134765],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,134760,112],{"class":111},[56,134762,115],{"class":70},[56,134764,1190],{"class":101},[56,134766,238],{"class":70},[20,134768,241],{},[47,134770,134772],{"className":49,"code":134771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134773,134774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134775,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134777,75],{"class":74},[56,134779,78],{"class":70},[56,134781,81],{"class":74},[56,134783,78],{"class":70},[56,134785,2675],{"class":74},[20,134787,134788,134789,98],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[36,134790,2009,134791,2012],{"href":42254},[15,134792,47764],{},[1030,134794,134796,134798],{"id":134795},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134797,157],{}," values do not work directly",[47,134800,134802],{"className":49,"code":134801,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134803,134804,134832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134805,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134807,3912],{"class":62},[56,134809,67],{"class":66},[56,134811,71],{"class":70},[56,134813,181],{"class":180},[56,134815,562],{"class":184},[56,134817,181],{"class":180},[56,134819,78],{"class":70},[56,134821,3941],{"class":893},[56,134823,78],{"class":70},[56,134825,191],{"class":180},[56,134827,571],{"class":184},[56,134829,181],{"class":180},[56,134831,89],{"class":70},[56,134833,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134835,112],{"class":111},[56,134837,115],{"class":70},[56,134839,181],{"class":180},[56,134841,2287],{"class":184},[56,134843,181],{"class":180},[56,134845,98],{"class":70},[56,134847,133433],{"class":101},[56,134849,115],{"class":70},[56,134851,5448],{"class":101},[56,134853,1553],{"class":70},[20,134855,134856,134857,98],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134858,3103],{},[20,134860,134861],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[47,134863,134865],{"className":49,"code":134864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134866,134867,134895,134925,134929],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134868,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134870,3912],{"class":62},[56,134872,67],{"class":66},[56,134874,71],{"class":70},[56,134876,181],{"class":180},[56,134878,562],{"class":184},[56,134880,181],{"class":180},[56,134882,78],{"class":70},[56,134884,3941],{"class":893},[56,134886,78],{"class":70},[56,134888,191],{"class":180},[56,134890,571],{"class":184},[56,134892,181],{"class":180},[56,134894,89],{"class":70},[56,134896,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,134898,1156],{"class":62},[56,134900,67],{"class":66},[56,134902,191],{"class":180},[56,134904,2287],{"class":184},[56,134906,181],{"class":180},[56,134908,98],{"class":70},[56,134910,133433],{"class":101},[56,134912,115],{"class":70},[56,134914,39939],{"class":111},[56,134916,115],{"class":70},[56,134918,3538],{"class":1545},[56,134920,78],{"class":70},[56,134922,3975],{"class":101},[56,134924,1553],{"class":70},[56,134926,134927],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,134928,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,134932,112],{"class":111},[56,134934,115],{"class":70},[56,134936,1190],{"class":101},[56,134938,238],{"class":70},[20,134940,241],{},[47,134942,134944],{"className":49,"code":134943,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134945,134946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134947,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134949,562],{"class":62},[56,134951,78],{"class":70},[56,134953,3941],{"class":893},[56,134955,78],{"class":70},[56,134957,134958],{"class":62}," banana\n",[20,134960,134961,134962,134964],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134963,157],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1030,134966,134968,134970],{"id":134967},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134969,133356],{}," also works with tuples",[47,134972,134974],{"className":49,"code":134973,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134975,134976,135008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134977,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134979,5082],{"class":62},[56,134981,67],{"class":66},[56,134983,9324],{"class":70},[56,134985,181],{"class":180},[56,134987,7768],{"class":184},[56,134989,181],{"class":180},[56,134991,78],{"class":70},[56,134993,191],{"class":180},[56,134995,131362],{"class":184},[56,134997,181],{"class":180},[56,134999,78],{"class":70},[56,135001,191],{"class":180},[56,135003,8012],{"class":184},[56,135005,181],{"class":180},[56,135007,238],{"class":70},[56,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135011,112],{"class":111},[56,135013,115],{"class":70},[56,135015,181],{"class":180},[56,135017,135018],{"class":184}," \u002F ",[56,135020,181],{"class":180},[56,135022,98],{"class":70},[56,135024,133433],{"class":101},[56,135026,115],{"class":70},[56,135028,5126],{"class":101},[56,135030,1553],{"class":70},[20,135032,241],{},[47,135034,135036],{"className":49,"code":135035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135037,135038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135039,135040,135043,135045,135048,135050],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135041,135042],{"class":62},"Sam ",[56,135044,127166],{"class":66},[56,135046,135047],{"class":62}," Lee ",[56,135049,127166],{"class":66},[56,135051,22415],{"class":62},[42,135053,135055,135056],{"id":135054},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135057,133356],{},[20,135059,135060],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1030,135062,135064,135065,135067],{"id":135063},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135066,3103],{}," because not all items are strings",[47,135069,135071],{"className":49,"code":135070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135072,135073,135101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135074,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135076,7871],{"class":62},[56,135078,67],{"class":66},[56,135080,71],{"class":70},[56,135082,181],{"class":180},[56,135084,36],{"class":184},[56,135086,181],{"class":180},[56,135088,78],{"class":70},[56,135090,81],{"class":74},[56,135092,78],{"class":70},[56,135094,191],{"class":180},[56,135096,203],{"class":184},[56,135098,181],{"class":180},[56,135100,89],{"class":70},[56,135102,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135104,112],{"class":111},[56,135106,115],{"class":70},[56,135108,181],{"class":180},[56,135110,191],{"class":180},[56,135112,98],{"class":70},[56,135114,133433],{"class":101},[56,135116,115],{"class":70},[56,135118,7900],{"class":101},[56,135120,1553],{"class":70},[20,135122,48591,135123,135125],{},[15,135124,1097],{}," is an integer.",[20,135127,39341],{},[47,135129,135131],{"className":49,"code":135130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135132,135133,135161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135134,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135136,7871],{"class":62},[56,135138,67],{"class":66},[56,135140,71],{"class":70},[56,135142,181],{"class":180},[56,135144,36],{"class":184},[56,135146,181],{"class":180},[56,135148,78],{"class":70},[56,135150,81],{"class":74},[56,135152,78],{"class":70},[56,135154,191],{"class":180},[56,135156,203],{"class":184},[56,135158,181],{"class":180},[56,135160,89],{"class":70},[56,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135164,112],{"class":111},[56,135166,115],{"class":70},[56,135168,181],{"class":180},[56,135170,191],{"class":180},[56,135172,98],{"class":70},[56,135174,133433],{"class":101},[56,135176,115],{"class":70},[56,135178,39939],{"class":111},[56,135180,115],{"class":70},[56,135182,3538],{"class":1545},[56,135184,78],{"class":70},[56,135186,6056],{"class":101},[56,135188,3010],{"class":70},[20,135190,135191,135192,98],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[36,135193,25761,135195],{"href":135194},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135196,135197],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1030,135199,135201,135202,135204],{"id":135200},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135203,133356],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135206,4613],{},[47,135208,135210],{"className":49,"code":135209,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135211,135212,135244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135213,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135215,4159],{"class":62},[56,135217,67],{"class":66},[56,135219,71],{"class":70},[56,135221,181],{"class":180},[56,135223,7387],{"class":184},[56,135225,181],{"class":180},[56,135227,78],{"class":70},[56,135229,191],{"class":180},[56,135231,12277],{"class":184},[56,135233,181],{"class":180},[56,135235,78],{"class":70},[56,135237,191],{"class":180},[56,135239,133414],{"class":184},[56,135241,181],{"class":180},[56,135243,89],{"class":70},[56,135245,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135247,1156],{"class":62},[56,135249,67],{"class":66},[56,135251,6258],{"class":62},[56,135253,98],{"class":70},[56,135255,133433],{"class":101},[56,135257,115],{"class":70},[56,135259,181],{"class":180},[56,135261,191],{"class":180},[56,135263,238],{"class":70},[20,135265,135266,135268],{},[15,135267,133356],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135270,10895],{},[47,135272,135274],{"className":49,"code":135273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135275,135276,135308,135328,135332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135279,4159],{"class":62},[56,135281,67],{"class":66},[56,135283,71],{"class":70},[56,135285,181],{"class":180},[56,135287,7387],{"class":184},[56,135289,181],{"class":180},[56,135291,78],{"class":70},[56,135293,191],{"class":180},[56,135295,12277],{"class":184},[56,135297,181],{"class":180},[56,135299,78],{"class":70},[56,135301,191],{"class":180},[56,135303,133414],{"class":184},[56,135305,181],{"class":180},[56,135307,89],{"class":70},[56,135309,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135311,1156],{"class":62},[56,135313,67],{"class":66},[56,135315,191],{"class":180},[56,135317,191],{"class":180},[56,135319,98],{"class":70},[56,135321,133433],{"class":101},[56,135323,115],{"class":70},[56,135325,4200],{"class":101},[56,135327,238],{"class":70},[56,135329,135330],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,135331,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,135333,135334,135336,135338,135340],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,135335,112],{"class":111},[56,135337,115],{"class":70},[56,135339,1190],{"class":101},[56,135341,238],{"class":70},[1030,135343,135345],{"id":135344},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[47,135347,135349],{"className":49,"code":135348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135350,135351,135383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135352,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135354,4159],{"class":62},[56,135356,67],{"class":66},[56,135358,71],{"class":70},[56,135360,181],{"class":180},[56,135362,6674],{"class":184},[56,135364,181],{"class":180},[56,135366,78],{"class":70},[56,135368,191],{"class":180},[56,135370,79190],{"class":184},[56,135372,181],{"class":180},[56,135374,78],{"class":70},[56,135376,191],{"class":180},[56,135378,134160],{"class":184},[56,135380,181],{"class":180},[56,135382,89],{"class":70},[56,135384,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135386,112],{"class":111},[56,135388,115],{"class":70},[56,135390,6362],{"class":180},[56,135392,98],{"class":70},[56,135394,133433],{"class":101},[56,135396,115],{"class":70},[56,135398,4200],{"class":101},[56,135400,1553],{"class":70},[20,135402,241],{},[47,135404,135406],{"className":49,"code":135405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"onetwothree\n",[15,135407,135408],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135409,135410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135411,135405],{"class":62},[20,135413,135414,135415,6720],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135416,133501],{},[1030,135418,135420,135421,131624],{"id":135419},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135422,133356],{},[47,135424,135426],{"className":49,"code":135425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135427,135428,135460,135478,135482],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135429,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135431,4159],{"class":62},[56,135433,67],{"class":66},[56,135435,71],{"class":70},[56,135437,181],{"class":180},[56,135439,36],{"class":184},[56,135441,181],{"class":180},[56,135443,78],{"class":70},[56,135445,191],{"class":180},[56,135447,194],{"class":184},[56,135449,181],{"class":180},[56,135451,78],{"class":70},[56,135453,191],{"class":180},[56,135455,203],{"class":184},[56,135457,181],{"class":180},[56,135459,89],{"class":70},[56,135461,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135463,181],{"class":43408},[56,135465,709],{"class":43412},[56,135467,181],{"class":43408},[56,135469,98],{"class":70},[56,135471,133433],{"class":101},[56,135473,115],{"class":70},[56,135475,4200],{"class":101},[56,135477,238],{"class":70},[56,135479,135480],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,135481,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,135483,135484,135486,135488,135490],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,135485,112],{"class":111},[56,135487,115],{"class":70},[56,135489,4200],{"class":101},[56,135491,238],{"class":70},[20,135493,241],{},[47,135495,135496],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,135497,135498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135501,251],{"class":70},[56,135503,254],{"class":180},[56,135505,36],{"class":184},[56,135507,254],{"class":180},[56,135509,78],{"class":70},[56,135511,263],{"class":180},[56,135513,194],{"class":184},[56,135515,254],{"class":180},[56,135517,78],{"class":70},[56,135519,263],{"class":180},[56,135521,203],{"class":184},[56,135523,254],{"class":180},[56,135525,89],{"class":70},[20,135527,135528,135529,135531],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135530,133356],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[42,135533,135535,135537,135538],{"id":135534},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135536,133356],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135539,2159],{},[20,135541,10678,135542,4480,135544,135546],{},[15,135543,133356],{},[15,135545,2159],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1030,135548,650,135550,135552],{"id":135549},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135551,2159],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[47,135554,135556],{"className":49,"code":135555,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135557,135558,135571,135584,135604,135608],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135559,135560,135563,135565,135567,135569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135561,135562],{"class":62},"first ",[56,135564,67],{"class":66},[56,135566,191],{"class":180},[56,135568,34947],{"class":184},[56,135570,1476],{"class":180},[56,135572,135573,135576,135578,135580,135582],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135574,135575],{"class":62},"second ",[56,135577,67],{"class":66},[56,135579,191],{"class":180},[56,135581,89659],{"class":184},[56,135583,1476],{"class":180},[56,135585,135586,135588,135590,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,135587,1156],{"class":62},[56,135589,67],{"class":66},[56,135591,135592],{"class":62}," first ",[56,135594,2159],{"class":66},[56,135596,191],{"class":180},[56,135598,191],{"class":180},[56,135600,2551],{"class":66},[56,135602,135603],{"class":62}," second\n",[56,135605,135606],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,135607,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,135609,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,135611,112],{"class":111},[56,135613,115],{"class":70},[56,135615,1190],{"class":101},[56,135617,238],{"class":70},[20,135619,241],{},[47,135621,135623],{"className":49,"code":135622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello World\n",[15,135624,135625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135626,135627],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135628,135622],{"class":62},[1030,135630,650,135632,135634],{"id":135631},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135633,133356],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[47,135636,135638],{"className":49,"code":135637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135639,135640,135682,135702,135706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135661,135663,135665,135667,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135643,4159],{"class":62},[56,135645,67],{"class":66},[56,135647,71],{"class":70},[56,135649,181],{"class":180},[56,135651,7387],{"class":184},[56,135653,181],{"class":180},[56,135655,78],{"class":70},[56,135657,191],{"class":180},[56,135659,135660],{"class":184},"makes",[56,135662,181],{"class":180},[56,135664,78],{"class":70},[56,135666,191],{"class":180},[56,135668,135669],{"class":184},"this",[56,135671,181],{"class":180},[56,135673,78],{"class":70},[56,135675,191],{"class":180},[56,135677,133855],{"class":184},[56,135679,181],{"class":180},[56,135681,89],{"class":70},[56,135683,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135685,1156],{"class":62},[56,135687,67],{"class":66},[56,135689,191],{"class":180},[56,135691,191],{"class":180},[56,135693,98],{"class":70},[56,135695,133433],{"class":101},[56,135697,115],{"class":70},[56,135699,4200],{"class":101},[56,135701,238],{"class":70},[56,135703,135704],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,135705,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,135707,135708,135710,135712,135714],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,135709,112],{"class":111},[56,135711,115],{"class":70},[56,135713,1190],{"class":101},[56,135715,238],{"class":70},[20,135717,241],{},[47,135719,135721],{"className":49,"code":135720,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135722,135723],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135724,135725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135726,135720],{"class":62},[20,135728,135729,135731],{},[15,135730,133356],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[143,135733,135734,135737,135740],{},[146,135735,135736],{},"You already have a list of strings",[146,135738,135739],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[146,135741,135742,135743,135745],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135744,2159],{}," operators",[20,135747,135748,135749,98],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[36,135750,135752],{"href":135751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[42,135754,135756],{"id":135755},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135758,8962,135759,135761],{},[15,135760,133356],{}," is not working, check these first:",[143,135763,135764,135767,135772,135781,135787],{},[146,135765,135766],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[146,135768,135769,135770],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135771,157],{},[146,135773,135774,135775,11180,135778],{},"You may have written ",[15,135776,135777],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135779,135780],{},"string.join(...)",[146,135782,135783,135784,135786],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135785,133356],{}," to change the original iterable",[146,135788,135789],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135791,94299],{},[47,135793,135795],{"className":49,"code":135794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135796,135797,135811,135821,135845,135885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135798,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807,135809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135800,112],{"class":111},[56,135802,115],{"class":70},[56,135804,1546],{"class":1545},[56,135806,115],{"class":70},[56,135808,7900],{"class":101},[56,135810,1553],{"class":70},[56,135812,135813,135815,135817,135819],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,135814,112],{"class":111},[56,135816,115],{"class":70},[56,135818,7900],{"class":101},[56,135820,238],{"class":70},[56,135822,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,135824,112],{"class":111},[56,135826,3084],{"class":70},[56,135828,1546],{"class":1545},[56,135830,115],{"class":70},[56,135832,23391],{"class":101},[56,135834,120],{"class":70},[56,135836,3966],{"class":3965},[56,135838,6051],{"class":101},[56,135840,3972],{"class":3965},[56,135842,6056],{"class":101},[56,135844,1607],{"class":70},[56,135846,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,135848,112],{"class":111},[56,135850,115],{"class":70},[56,135852,254],{"class":180},[56,135854,263],{"class":180},[56,135856,98],{"class":70},[56,135858,133433],{"class":101},[56,135860,3084],{"class":70},[56,135862,254],{"class":180},[56,135864,36],{"class":184},[56,135866,254],{"class":180},[56,135868,78],{"class":70},[56,135870,263],{"class":180},[56,135872,194],{"class":184},[56,135874,254],{"class":180},[56,135876,78],{"class":70},[56,135878,263],{"class":180},[56,135880,203],{"class":184},[56,135882,254],{"class":180},[56,135884,3097],{"class":70},[56,135886,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,135888,112],{"class":111},[56,135890,115],{"class":70},[56,135892,254],{"class":180},[56,135894,2287],{"class":184},[56,135896,254],{"class":180},[56,135898,98],{"class":70},[56,135900,133433],{"class":101},[56,135902,115],{"class":70},[56,135904,39939],{"class":111},[56,135906,115],{"class":70},[56,135908,3538],{"class":1545},[56,135910,78],{"class":70},[56,135912,71],{"class":70},[56,135914,75],{"class":74},[56,135916,78],{"class":70},[56,135918,81],{"class":74},[56,135920,78],{"class":70},[56,135922,86],{"class":74},[56,135924,37343],{"class":70},[20,135926,135927],{},"What these checks do:",[143,135929,135930,135938,135944,135950,135959],{},[146,135931,135932,135935,135936,8187],{},[15,135933,135934],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135937,7900],{},[146,135939,135940,135943],{},[15,135941,135942],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[146,135945,135946,135949],{},[15,135947,135948],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[146,135951,135952,135955,135956,135958],{},[15,135953,135954],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135957,133356],{}," behavior",[146,135960,135961,135964],{},[15,135962,135963],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[42,135966,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,135968,1892,135970,135972],{"id":135969},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135971,133356],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135974,135975,135976,135978,135979,98],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135977,133356],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135980,135981],{},"map(str, values)",[1030,135983,1892,135985,57238],{"id":135984},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135986,133356],{},[20,135988,135989],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1030,135991,1925,135993,62709],{"id":135992},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135994,133356],{},[20,135996,42232,135997,135999],{},[15,135998,133356],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1030,136001,5230,136003,40040],{"id":136002},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136004,136005],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136007,136008],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1030,136010,136012,136013,136015,136016,1911],{"id":136011},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136014,3103],{}," when using ",[15,136017,133356],{},[20,136019,136020],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[42,136022,1996],{"id":1995},[143,136024,136025,136030,136036,136042,136048],{},[146,136026,136027],{},[36,136028,136029],{"href":135751},"How to join strings in Python",[146,136031,136032],{},[36,136033,126274,136034,1384],{"href":128961},[15,136035,60607],{},[146,136037,136038],{},[36,136039,2009,136040,2012],{"href":42254},[15,136041,47764],{},[146,136043,136044],{},[36,136045,30429,136046],{"href":135194},[15,136047,135197],{},[146,136049,136050],{},[36,136051,125029],{"href":51056},[20,136053,97269,136054,136056],{},[15,136055,133356],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2028,136058,136059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":136061},[136062,136063,136065,136068,136075,136085,136093,136103,136110,136111,136123],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":133473,"depth":92,"text":136064},"What join() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":136066},[136067],{"id":49090,"depth":108,"text":49091},{"id":121804,"depth":92,"text":121805,"children":136069},[136070,136071,136072,136073],{"id":133820,"depth":108,"text":133821},{"id":133912,"depth":108,"text":133913},{"id":134013,"depth":108,"text":134014},{"id":134122,"depth":108,"text":136074},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134225,"depth":92,"text":134226,"children":136076},[136077,136079,136081,136083],{"id":134232,"depth":108,"text":136078},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134299,"depth":108,"text":136080},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134388,"depth":108,"text":136082},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134474,"depth":108,"text":136084},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134549,"depth":92,"text":134550,"children":136086},[136087,136088,136089,136091],{"id":134558,"depth":108,"text":134559},{"id":134641,"depth":108,"text":134642},{"id":134795,"depth":108,"text":136090},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134967,"depth":108,"text":136092},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135054,"depth":92,"text":136094,"children":136095},"Common errors with join()",[136096,136098,136100,136101],{"id":135063,"depth":108,"text":136097},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135200,"depth":108,"text":136099},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135344,"depth":108,"text":135345},{"id":135419,"depth":108,"text":136102},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135534,"depth":92,"text":136104,"children":136105},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136106,136108],{"id":135549,"depth":108,"text":136107},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135631,"depth":108,"text":136109},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135755,"depth":92,"text":135756},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":136112},[136113,136115,136117,136119,136121],{"id":135969,"depth":108,"text":136114},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135984,"depth":108,"text":136116},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135992,"depth":108,"text":136118},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136002,"depth":108,"text":136120},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136011,"depth":108,"text":136122},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133348,"description":136124},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136131,"title":136132,"body":136133,"description":137701,"extension":2062,"meta":137702,"navigation":600,"path":137703,"seo":137704,"stem":137705,"__hash__":137706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136134,"toc":137668},[136135,136140,136145,136147,136161,136206,136213,136218,136223,136225,136241,136250,136252,136254,136269,136271,136281,136283,136345,136347,136350,136411,136413,136429,136431,136444,136447,136494,136496,136502,136505,136508,136568,136576,136662,136666,136671,136673,136687,136690,136775,136778,136836,136847,136902,136904,136911,136917,136923,136967,136970,137017,137019,137021,137028,137030,137061,137064,137066,137097,137101,137104,137106,137146,137148,137191,137197,137202,137204,137231,137236,137239,137288,137292,137295,137370,137381,137384,137441,137448,137454,137462,137467,137474,137481,137499,137501,137555,137563,137565,137570,137573,137579,137585,137590,137593,137599,137605,137612,137620,137622,137665],[10,136136,123274,136138,18],{"id":136137},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136139,124004],{},[20,136141,123279,136142,136144],{},[15,136143,124004],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136146,24168],{},[143,136148,136149,136152,136155,136158],{},[146,136150,136151],{},"convert text to lowercase",[146,136153,136154],{},"compare text without case differences",[146,136156,136157],{},"clean up user input",[146,136159,136160],{},"make simple text matching easier",[47,136162,136164],{"className":49,"code":136163,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136165,136166,136179,136193],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136167,136168,136170,136172,136174,136177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136169,1466],{"class":62},[56,136171,67],{"class":66},[56,136173,191],{"class":180},[56,136175,136176],{"class":184},"Hello WORLD",[56,136178,1476],{"class":180},[56,136180,136181,136183,136185,136187,136189,136191],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136182,1156],{"class":62},[56,136184,67],{"class":66},[56,136186,42921],{"class":62},[56,136188,98],{"class":70},[56,136190,8728],{"class":101},[56,136192,105],{"class":70},[56,136194,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136196,112],{"class":111},[56,136198,115],{"class":70},[56,136200,1190],{"class":101},[56,136202,120],{"class":70},[56,136204,136205],{"class":123},"  # hello world\n",[20,136207,136208,88882,136210,136212],{},[540,136209,83740],{},[15,136211,124004],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[42,136214,133,136216,136],{"id":136215},"what-lower-does",[15,136217,124004],{},[20,136219,136220,136222],{},[15,136221,124004],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136224,311],{},[143,136226,136227,136232,136235,136238],{},[146,136228,136229,136231],{},[15,136230,124004],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[146,136233,136234],{},"It works on string objects",[146,136236,136237],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[146,136239,136240],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136242,125026,136243,136247,136248,98],{},[36,136244,136246],{"href":136245},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[36,136249,51057],{"href":51056},[42,136251,289],{"id":288},[20,136253,292],{},[47,136255,136257],{"className":49,"code":136256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.lower()\n",[15,136258,136259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136260,136261,136263,136265,136267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136262,61250],{"class":62},[56,136264,98],{"class":70},[56,136266,8728],{"class":101},[56,136268,105],{"class":70},[20,136270,43730],{},[143,136272,136273,136275,136278],{},[146,136274,97447],{},[146,136276,136277],{},"You call it directly on a string",[146,136279,136280],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136282,163],{},[47,136284,136286],{"className":49,"code":136285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136287,136288,136311,136315,136328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136289,136290,136292,136294,136296,136299,136301,136303,136305,136308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136291,112],{"class":111},[56,136293,115],{"class":70},[56,136295,181],{"class":180},[56,136297,136298],{"class":184},"HELLO",[56,136300,181],{"class":180},[56,136302,98],{"class":70},[56,136304,8728],{"class":101},[56,136306,136307],{"class":70},"())",[56,136309,136310],{"class":123},"  # hello\n",[56,136312,136313],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136314,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323,136326],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136318,7967],{"class":62},[56,136320,67],{"class":66},[56,136322,191],{"class":180},[56,136324,136325],{"class":184},"PyThOn",[56,136327,1476],{"class":180},[56,136329,136330,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136331,112],{"class":111},[56,136333,115],{"class":70},[56,136335,7759],{"class":101},[56,136337,98],{"class":70},[56,136339,8728],{"class":101},[56,136341,136307],{"class":70},[56,136343,136344],{"class":123},"  # python\n",[42,136346,425],{"id":424},[20,136348,136349],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[47,136351,136353],{"className":49,"code":136352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136354,136355,136367,136371,136386,136390,136401],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136356,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136358,1466],{"class":62},[56,136360,67],{"class":66},[56,136362,191],{"class":180},[56,136364,136176],{"class":184},[56,136366,1476],{"class":180},[56,136368,136369],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136370,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136372,136373,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136374,136375],{"class":62},"lower_text ",[56,136377,67],{"class":66},[56,136379,42921],{"class":62},[56,136381,98],{"class":70},[56,136383,8728],{"class":101},[56,136385,105],{"class":70},[56,136387,136388],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136389,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136391,136392,136394,136396,136399],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,136393,112],{"class":111},[56,136395,115],{"class":70},[56,136397,136398],{"class":101},"lower_text",[56,136400,238],{"class":70},[56,136402,136403,136405,136407,136409],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,136404,112],{"class":111},[56,136406,115],{"class":70},[56,136408,1481],{"class":101},[56,136410,238],{"class":70},[20,136412,241],{},[47,136414,136416],{"className":49,"code":136415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136417,136418,136422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136419,136420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136421,134290],{"class":62},[56,136423,136424,136426],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136425,131690],{"class":62},[56,136427,136428],{"class":34534},"WORLD\n",[20,136430,24688],{},[143,136432,136433,136438],{},[146,136434,136435,136437],{},[15,136436,124004],{}," returns the lowercase result",[146,136439,136440,136441,136443],{},"the original ",[15,136442,1481],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136445,136446],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[47,136448,136450],{"className":49,"code":136449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136451,136452,136464,136478,136482],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136453,136454,136456,136458,136460,136462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136455,1466],{"class":62},[56,136457,67],{"class":66},[56,136459,191],{"class":180},[56,136461,136176],{"class":184},[56,136463,1476],{"class":180},[56,136465,136466,136468,136470,136472,136474,136476],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136467,1466],{"class":62},[56,136469,67],{"class":66},[56,136471,42921],{"class":62},[56,136473,98],{"class":70},[56,136475,8728],{"class":101},[56,136477,105],{"class":70},[56,136479,136480],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136481,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136485,112],{"class":111},[56,136487,115],{"class":70},[56,136489,1481],{"class":101},[56,136491,120],{"class":70},[56,136493,136205],{"class":123},[42,136495,17500],{"id":17499},[20,136497,136498,22056,136500,98],{},[15,136499,124004],{},[540,136501,61250],{},[20,136503,136504],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136506,136507],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[47,136509,136511],{"className":49,"code":136510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136512,136513,136527,136531,136554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136514,136515,136518,136520,136522,136525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136516,136517],{"class":62},"answer ",[56,136519,67],{"class":66},[56,136521,191],{"class":180},[56,136523,136524],{"class":184},"YES",[56,136526,1476],{"class":180},[56,136528,136529],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136530,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136532,136533,136535,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136534,7087],{"class":3965},[56,136536,136537],{"class":62}," answer",[56,136539,98],{"class":70},[56,136541,8728],{"class":101},[56,136543,7456],{"class":70},[56,136545,6499],{"class":66},[56,136547,191],{"class":180},[56,136549,8745],{"class":184},[56,136551,181],{"class":180},[56,136553,6484],{"class":70},[56,136555,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136557,8160],{"class":111},[56,136559,115],{"class":70},[56,136561,181],{"class":180},[56,136563,96756],{"class":184},[56,136565,181],{"class":180},[56,136567,238],{"class":70},[20,136569,136570,136571,141],{},"This is especially useful with ",[36,136572,136573,136574,2400],{"href":8310},"the ",[15,136575,3056],{},[47,136577,136579],{"className":49,"code":136578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136580,136581,136600,136604,136626,136641,136647],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136582,136583,136585,136587,136589,136591,136593,136596,136598],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136584,136517],{"class":62},[56,136586,67],{"class":66},[56,136588,8333],{"class":111},[56,136590,115],{"class":70},[56,136592,181],{"class":180},[56,136594,136595],{"class":184},"Type yes or no: ",[56,136597,181],{"class":180},[56,136599,238],{"class":70},[56,136601,136602],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136603,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136605,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136607,7087],{"class":3965},[56,136609,136537],{"class":62},[56,136611,98],{"class":70},[56,136613,8728],{"class":101},[56,136615,7456],{"class":70},[56,136617,6499],{"class":66},[56,136619,191],{"class":180},[56,136621,8745],{"class":184},[56,136623,181],{"class":180},[56,136625,6484],{"class":70},[56,136627,136628,136630,136632,136634,136637,136639],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136629,8160],{"class":111},[56,136631,115],{"class":70},[56,136633,181],{"class":180},[56,136635,136636],{"class":184},"You typed yes",[56,136638,181],{"class":180},[56,136640,238],{"class":70},[56,136642,136643,136645],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,136644,27516],{"class":3965},[56,136646,6484],{"class":70},[56,136648,136649,136651,136653,136655,136658,136660],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,136650,8160],{"class":111},[56,136652,115],{"class":70},[56,136654,181],{"class":180},[56,136656,136657],{"class":184},"You typed something else",[56,136659,181],{"class":180},[56,136661,238],{"class":70},[42,136663,136665],{"id":136664},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136667,136668,136670],{},[15,136669,124004],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136672,7433],{},[143,136674,136675,136678,136681,136684],{},[146,136676,136677],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[146,136679,136680],{},"Make text matching easier",[146,136682,136683],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[146,136685,136686],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136688,136689],{},"Example: checking user input",[47,136691,136693],{"className":49,"code":136692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136694,136695,136713,136717,136739,136754,136760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136696,136697,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707,136709,136711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136698,45039],{"class":62},[56,136700,67],{"class":66},[56,136702,8333],{"class":111},[56,136704,115],{"class":70},[56,136706,181],{"class":180},[56,136708,45050],{"class":184},[56,136710,181],{"class":180},[56,136712,238],{"class":70},[56,136714,136715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136716,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136718,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733,136735,136737],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136720,7087],{"class":3965},[56,136722,35932],{"class":62},[56,136724,98],{"class":70},[56,136726,8728],{"class":101},[56,136728,7456],{"class":70},[56,136730,6499],{"class":66},[56,136732,191],{"class":180},[56,136734,361],{"class":184},[56,136736,181],{"class":180},[56,136738,6484],{"class":70},[56,136740,136741,136743,136745,136747,136750,136752],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136742,8160],{"class":111},[56,136744,115],{"class":70},[56,136746,181],{"class":180},[56,136748,136749],{"class":184},"Nice choice!",[56,136751,181],{"class":180},[56,136753,238],{"class":70},[56,136755,136756,136758],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,136757,27516],{"class":3965},[56,136759,6484],{"class":70},[56,136761,136762,136764,136766,136768,136771,136773],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,136763,8160],{"class":111},[56,136765,115],{"class":70},[56,136767,181],{"class":180},[56,136769,136770],{"class":184},"Got it.",[56,136772,181],{"class":180},[56,136774,238],{"class":70},[20,136776,136777],{},"Example: simple search",[47,136779,136781],{"className":49,"code":136780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136782,136783,136796,136800,136821],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136794],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136786,89926],{"class":62},[56,136788,67],{"class":66},[56,136790,191],{"class":180},[56,136792,136793],{"class":184},"Python Is Fun",[56,136795,1476],{"class":180},[56,136797,136798],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136799,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136801,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810,136812,136815,136817,136819],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136803,7087],{"class":3965},[56,136805,191],{"class":180},[56,136807,51],{"class":184},[56,136809,181],{"class":180},[56,136811,21254],{"class":66},[56,136813,136814],{"class":62}," message",[56,136816,98],{"class":70},[56,136818,8728],{"class":101},[56,136820,21676],{"class":70},[56,136822,136823,136825,136827,136829,136832,136834],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136824,8160],{"class":111},[56,136826,115],{"class":70},[56,136828,181],{"class":180},[56,136830,136831],{"class":184},"Found it",[56,136833,181],{"class":180},[56,136835,238],{"class":70},[20,136837,136838,136839,136841,136842,141],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136840,124004],{}," is often used with ",[36,136843,136845],{"href":136844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136846,41733],{},[47,136848,136850],{"className":49,"code":136849,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136851,136852,136865,136884,136888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136853,136854,136856,136858,136860,136863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136855,7967],{"class":62},[56,136857,67],{"class":66},[56,136859,191],{"class":180},[56,136861,136862],{"class":184},"  ALICE  ",[56,136864,1476],{"class":180},[56,136866,136867,136870,136872,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136868,136869],{"class":62},"clean_name ",[56,136871,67],{"class":66},[56,136873,36073],{"class":62},[56,136875,98],{"class":70},[56,136877,8722],{"class":101},[56,136879,8725],{"class":70},[56,136881,8728],{"class":101},[56,136883,105],{"class":70},[56,136885,136886],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136887,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136889,136890,136892,136894,136897,136899],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136891,112],{"class":111},[56,136893,115],{"class":70},[56,136895,136896],{"class":101},"clean_name",[56,136898,120],{"class":70},[56,136900,136901],{"class":123},"  # alice\n",[42,136903,15676],{"id":15675},[20,136905,136906,136907,136910],{},"Strings are ",[540,136908,136909],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136912,136913,136914,136916],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136915,124004],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136918,136919,136920,136922],{},"So this does ",[540,136921,931],{}," update the original variable:",[47,136924,136926],{"className":49,"code":136925,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136927,136928,136940,136950,136954],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936,136938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136931,1466],{"class":62},[56,136933,67],{"class":66},[56,136935,191],{"class":180},[56,136937,136298],{"class":184},[56,136939,1476],{"class":180},[56,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136943,1481],{"class":62},[56,136945,98],{"class":70},[56,136947,8728],{"class":101},[56,136949,105],{"class":70},[56,136951,136952],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,136953,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,136955,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,136957,112],{"class":111},[56,136959,115],{"class":70},[56,136961,1481],{"class":101},[56,136963,120],{"class":70},[56,136965,136966],{"class":123},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136968,136969],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[47,136971,136973],{"className":49,"code":136972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136974,136975,136987,137001,137005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136976,136977,136979,136981,136983,136985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136978,1466],{"class":62},[56,136980,67],{"class":66},[56,136982,191],{"class":180},[56,136984,136298],{"class":184},[56,136986,1476],{"class":180},[56,136988,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997,136999],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,136990,1466],{"class":62},[56,136992,67],{"class":66},[56,136994,42921],{"class":62},[56,136996,98],{"class":70},[56,136998,8728],{"class":101},[56,137000,105],{"class":70},[56,137002,137003],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137004,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137006,137007,137009,137011,137013,137015],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137008,112],{"class":111},[56,137010,115],{"class":70},[56,137012,1481],{"class":101},[56,137014,120],{"class":70},[56,137016,136310],{"class":123},[42,137018,1418],{"id":1417},[1030,137020,25769],{"id":25768},[20,137022,137023,137024,11180,137026,98],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137025,8728],{},[15,137027,124004],{},[20,137029,16724],{},[47,137031,137033],{"className":49,"code":137032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137034,137035,137047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137036,137037,137039,137041,137043,137045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137038,1466],{"class":62},[56,137040,67],{"class":66},[56,137042,191],{"class":180},[56,137044,136298],{"class":184},[56,137046,1476],{"class":180},[56,137048,137049,137051,137053,137055,137057,137059],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137050,112],{"class":111},[56,137052,115],{"class":70},[56,137054,1481],{"class":101},[56,137056,98],{"class":70},[56,137058,8728],{"class":24831},[56,137060,238],{"class":70},[20,137062,137063],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137065,16736],{},[47,137067,137069],{"className":49,"code":137068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137070,137071,137083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137072,137073,137075,137077,137079,137081],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137074,1466],{"class":62},[56,137076,67],{"class":66},[56,137078,191],{"class":180},[56,137080,136298],{"class":184},[56,137082,1476],{"class":180},[56,137084,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137086,112],{"class":111},[56,137088,115],{"class":70},[56,137090,1481],{"class":101},[56,137092,98],{"class":70},[56,137094,8728],{"class":101},[56,137096,7284],{"class":70},[1030,137098,137100],{"id":137099},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137102,137103],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137105,16724],{},[47,137107,137109],{"className":49,"code":137108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137110,137111,137123,137133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137112,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137114,1466],{"class":62},[56,137116,67],{"class":66},[56,137118,191],{"class":180},[56,137120,136298],{"class":184},[56,137122,1476],{"class":180},[56,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137126,1481],{"class":62},[56,137128,98],{"class":70},[56,137130,8728],{"class":101},[56,137132,105],{"class":70},[56,137134,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137136,112],{"class":111},[56,137138,115],{"class":70},[56,137140,1481],{"class":101},[56,137142,120],{"class":70},[56,137144,137145],{"class":123},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137147,16736],{},[47,137149,137151],{"className":49,"code":137150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137152,137153,137165,137179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137154,137155,137157,137159,137161,137163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137156,1466],{"class":62},[56,137158,67],{"class":66},[56,137160,191],{"class":180},[56,137162,136298],{"class":184},[56,137164,1476],{"class":180},[56,137166,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137168,1466],{"class":62},[56,137170,67],{"class":66},[56,137172,42921],{"class":62},[56,137174,98],{"class":70},[56,137176,8728],{"class":101},[56,137178,105],{"class":70},[56,137180,137181,137183,137185,137187,137189],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137182,112],{"class":111},[56,137184,115],{"class":70},[56,137186,1481],{"class":101},[56,137188,120],{"class":70},[56,137190,136310],{"class":123},[1030,137192,1441,137194,137196],{"id":137193},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137195,124004],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137198,137199,137201],{},[15,137200,124004],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137203,16724],{},[47,137205,137207],{"className":49,"code":137206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137208,137209,137217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137210,137211,137213,137215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137212,2315],{"class":62},[56,137214,67],{"class":66},[56,137216,124956],{"class":74},[56,137218,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137220,112],{"class":111},[56,137222,115],{"class":70},[56,137224,2337],{"class":101},[56,137226,98],{"class":70},[56,137228,8728],{"class":101},[56,137230,7284],{"class":70},[20,137232,137233,137234,1493],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137235,124004],{},[20,137237,137238],{},"You can check the type first:",[47,137240,137242],{"className":49,"code":137241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137243,137244,137256,137260,137274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137247,1466],{"class":62},[56,137249,67],{"class":66},[56,137251,191],{"class":180},[56,137253,136298],{"class":184},[56,137255,1476],{"class":180},[56,137257,137258],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137259,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137261,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270,137272],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137263,112],{"class":111},[56,137265,115],{"class":70},[56,137267,1546],{"class":1545},[56,137269,115],{"class":70},[56,137271,1481],{"class":101},[56,137273,1553],{"class":70},[56,137275,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137277,112],{"class":111},[56,137279,115],{"class":70},[56,137281,1481],{"class":101},[56,137283,98],{"class":70},[56,137285,8728],{"class":101},[56,137287,7284],{"class":70},[1030,137289,137291],{"id":137290},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137293,137294],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[47,137296,137298],{"className":49,"code":137297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137299,137300,137313,137317,137334,137349,137355],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137301,137302,137304,137306,137308,137311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137303,136517],{"class":62},[56,137305,67],{"class":66},[56,137307,191],{"class":180},[56,137309,137310],{"class":184},"Yes",[56,137312,1476],{"class":180},[56,137314,137315],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137316,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137318,137319,137321,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137320,7087],{"class":3965},[56,137322,137323],{"class":62}," answer ",[56,137325,4776],{"class":66},[56,137327,191],{"class":180},[56,137329,8745],{"class":184},[56,137331,181],{"class":180},[56,137333,6484],{"class":70},[56,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137345,137347],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137337,8160],{"class":111},[56,137339,115],{"class":70},[56,137341,181],{"class":180},[56,137343,137344],{"class":184},"Match",[56,137346,181],{"class":180},[56,137348,238],{"class":70},[56,137350,137351,137353],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,137352,27516],{"class":3965},[56,137354,6484],{"class":70},[56,137356,137357,137359,137361,137363,137366,137368],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,137358,8160],{"class":111},[56,137360,115],{"class":70},[56,137362,181],{"class":180},[56,137364,137365],{"class":184},"No match",[56,137367,181],{"class":180},[56,137369,238],{"class":70},[20,137371,29142,137372,4480,137375,137378,137379,98],{},[15,137373,137374],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137376,137377],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137380,137365],{},[20,137382,137383],{},"Better:",[47,137385,137387],{"className":49,"code":137386,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137388,137389,137401,137405,137427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137390,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137392,136517],{"class":62},[56,137394,67],{"class":66},[56,137396,191],{"class":180},[56,137398,137310],{"class":184},[56,137400,1476],{"class":180},[56,137402,137403],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137404,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137406,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137408,7087],{"class":3965},[56,137410,136537],{"class":62},[56,137412,98],{"class":70},[56,137414,8728],{"class":101},[56,137416,7456],{"class":70},[56,137418,6499],{"class":66},[56,137420,191],{"class":180},[56,137422,8745],{"class":184},[56,137424,181],{"class":180},[56,137426,6484],{"class":70},[56,137428,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137430,8160],{"class":111},[56,137432,115],{"class":70},[56,137434,181],{"class":180},[56,137436,137344],{"class":184},[56,137438,181],{"class":180},[56,137440,238],{"class":70},[1030,137442,44293,137444,137447],{"id":137443},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137445,137446],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137449,137450,137451,137453],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137452,124004],{}," is enough.",[20,137455,137456,137457,137459,137460,98],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137458,137446],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137461,124004],{},[20,137463,137464,137465,122516],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137466,124004],{},[42,137468,137470,1021,137472],{"id":137469},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137471,124004],{},[15,137473,128152],{},[20,137475,137476,4480,137478,137480],{},[15,137477,124004],{},[15,137479,128152],{}," are very similar.",[143,137482,137483,137488,137493,137496],{},[146,137484,137485,137487],{},[15,137486,124004],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[146,137489,137490,137492],{},[15,137491,128152],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[146,137494,137495],{},"Both return new strings",[146,137497,137498],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137500,163],{},[47,137502,137504],{"className":49,"code":137503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137505,137506,137518,137522,137538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137509,1466],{"class":62},[56,137511,67],{"class":66},[56,137513,191],{"class":180},[56,137515,128993],{"class":184},[56,137517,1476],{"class":180},[56,137519,137520],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137521,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137523,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137536],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137525,112],{"class":111},[56,137527,115],{"class":70},[56,137529,1481],{"class":101},[56,137531,98],{"class":70},[56,137533,8728],{"class":101},[56,137535,136307],{"class":70},[56,137537,136205],{"class":123},[56,137539,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137541,112],{"class":111},[56,137543,115],{"class":70},[56,137545,1481],{"class":101},[56,137547,98],{"class":70},[56,137549,34559],{"class":101},[56,137551,136307],{"class":70},[56,137553,137554],{"class":123},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137556,137557,137558,98],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[36,137559,126274,137561,1384],{"href":137560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137562,128152],{},[42,137564,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,137566,1892,137568,124601],{"id":137567},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137569,124004],{},[20,137571,137572],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1030,137574,1892,137576,137578],{"id":137575},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137577,124004],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137580,137581,137582,98],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137583,137584],{},"string.lower()",[1030,137586,5230,137588,12797],{"id":137587},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137589,124004],{},[20,137591,137592],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1030,137594,1925,137596,137598],{"id":137595},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137597,124004],{}," on user input?",[20,137600,137601,137602,137604],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137603,3056],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1030,137606,5268,137608,4480,137610,1911],{"id":137607},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137609,124004],{},[15,137611,137446],{},[20,137613,137614,137616,137617,137619],{},[15,137615,124004],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137618,137446],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[42,137621,1996],{"id":1995},[143,137623,137624,137628,137634,137640,137646,137650,137654,137660],{},[146,137625,137626],{},[36,137627,51057],{"href":51056},[146,137629,137630],{},[36,137631,126274,137632,1384],{"href":137560},[15,137633,128152],{},[146,137635,137636],{},[36,137637,126274,137638,1384],{"href":136844},[15,137639,41733],{},[146,137641,137642],{},[36,137643,126274,137644,1384],{"href":129855},[15,137645,124445],{},[146,137647,137648],{},[36,137649,124673],{"href":123529},[146,137651,137652],{},[36,137653,90602],{"href":89611},[146,137655,137656],{},[36,137657,2009,137658,2012],{"href":8310},[15,137659,3056],{},[146,137661,137662],{},[36,137663,137664],{"href":136245},"What is a string in Python?",[2028,137666,137667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":137669},[137670,137672,137673,137674,137675,137676,137677,137686,137688,137700],{"id":136215,"depth":92,"text":137671},"What lower() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":136664,"depth":92,"text":136665},{"id":15675,"depth":92,"text":15676},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":137678},[137679,137680,137681,137683,137684],{"id":25768,"depth":108,"text":25769},{"id":137099,"depth":108,"text":137100},{"id":137193,"depth":108,"text":137682},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137290,"depth":108,"text":137291},{"id":137443,"depth":108,"text":137685},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137469,"depth":92,"text":137687},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":137689},[137690,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"id":137567,"depth":108,"text":137691},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137575,"depth":108,"text":137693},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137587,"depth":108,"text":137695},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137595,"depth":108,"text":137697},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137607,"depth":108,"text":137699},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136132,"description":137701},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137708,"title":137709,"body":137710,"description":139260,"extension":2062,"meta":139261,"navigation":600,"path":139262,"seo":139263,"stem":139264,"__hash__":139265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137711,"toc":139221},[137712,137717,137722,137728,137743,137745,137805,137807,137816,137822,137827,137832,137834,137848,137852,137854,137901,137903,137921,137923,137926,137997,137999,138013,138016,138028,138037,138041,138046,138051,138055,138121,138123,138132,138136,138201,138203,138212,138215,138220,138224,138229,138233,138294,138296,138305,138309,138312,138368,138370,138379,138382,138395,138397,138401,138408,138470,138472,138485,138491,138494,138501,138506,138511,138514,138522,138524,138585,138587,138596,138599,138646,138649,138696,138698,138703,138720,138727,138732,138785,138787,138795,138797,138854,138856,138864,138868,138915,138917,138925,138933,138937,138985,138987,138996,139001,139052,139054,139063,139070,139073,139094,139096,139101,139104,139108,139111,139115,139118,139145,139151,139154,139181,139186,139188,139190,139218],[10,137713,123274,137715,18],{"id":137714},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137716,124445],{},[20,137718,123279,137719,137721],{},[15,137720,124445],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137723,137724,137725,137727],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137726,124445],{},". You will learn:",[143,137729,137730,137734,137737,137740],{},[146,137731,26101,137732,136],{},[15,137733,124445],{},[146,137735,137736],{},"how its syntax works",[146,137738,137739],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[146,137741,137742],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[42,137744,2104],{"id":2103},[47,137746,137748],{"className":49,"code":137747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137749,137750,137763,137795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137751,137752,137754,137756,137758,137761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137753,1466],{"class":62},[56,137755,67],{"class":66},[56,137757,191],{"class":180},[56,137759,137760],{"class":184},"I like cats",[56,137762,1476],{"class":180},[56,137764,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779,137782,137784,137786,137788,137791,137793],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137766,130113],{"class":62},[56,137768,67],{"class":66},[56,137770,42921],{"class":62},[56,137772,98],{"class":70},[56,137774,35079],{"class":101},[56,137776,115],{"class":70},[56,137778,181],{"class":180},[56,137780,137781],{"class":184},"cats",[56,137783,181],{"class":180},[56,137785,78],{"class":70},[56,137787,191],{"class":180},[56,137789,137790],{"class":184},"dogs",[56,137792,181],{"class":180},[56,137794,238],{"class":70},[56,137796,137797,137799,137801,137803],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137798,112],{"class":111},[56,137800,115],{"class":70},[56,137802,130144],{"class":101},[56,137804,238],{"class":70},[20,137806,241],{},[47,137808,137810],{"className":49,"code":137809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like dogs\n",[15,137811,137812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137813,137814],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137815,137809],{"class":62},[20,137817,650,137818,137821],{},[15,137819,137820],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[42,137823,133,137825,136],{"id":137824},"what-replace-does",[15,137826,124445],{},[20,137828,137829,137831],{},[15,137830,124445],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137833,311],{},[143,137835,137836,137838,137840,137843],{},[146,137837,133522],{},[146,137839,136240],{},[146,137841,137842],{},"It works on exact matches",[146,137844,137845,137846],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137847,41339],{},[20,137849,125026,137850,98],{},[36,137851,125029],{"href":51056},[42,137853,5521],{"id":5520},[47,137855,137857],{"className":49,"code":137856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137858,137859,137879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869,137872,137874,137877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137862,61250],{"class":62},[56,137864,98],{"class":70},[56,137866,35079],{"class":101},[56,137868,115],{"class":70},[56,137870,137871],{"class":101},"old",[56,137873,78],{"class":70},[56,137875,137876],{"class":101}," new",[56,137878,238],{"class":70},[56,137880,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137882,61250],{"class":62},[56,137884,98],{"class":70},[56,137886,35079],{"class":101},[56,137888,115],{"class":70},[56,137890,137871],{"class":101},[56,137892,78],{"class":70},[56,137894,137876],{"class":101},[56,137896,78],{"class":70},[56,137898,49683],{"class":101},[56,137900,238],{"class":70},[1030,137902,17476],{"id":17475},[143,137904,137905,137910,137916],{},[146,137906,137907,137909],{},[15,137908,137871],{}," = the text to find",[146,137911,137912,137915],{},[15,137913,137914],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[146,137917,137918,137920],{},[15,137919,41339],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[42,137922,5877],{"id":5876},[20,137924,137925],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[47,137927,137929],{"className":49,"code":137928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137930,137931,137943,137973,137977,137987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137934,1466],{"class":62},[56,137936,67],{"class":66},[56,137938,191],{"class":180},[56,137940,137760],{"class":184},[56,137942,1476],{"class":180},[56,137944,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,137946,130113],{"class":62},[56,137948,67],{"class":66},[56,137950,42921],{"class":62},[56,137952,98],{"class":70},[56,137954,35079],{"class":101},[56,137956,115],{"class":70},[56,137958,181],{"class":180},[56,137960,137781],{"class":184},[56,137962,181],{"class":180},[56,137964,78],{"class":70},[56,137966,191],{"class":180},[56,137968,137790],{"class":184},[56,137970,181],{"class":180},[56,137972,238],{"class":70},[56,137974,137975],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,137976,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,137978,137979,137981,137983,137985],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,137980,112],{"class":111},[56,137982,115],{"class":70},[56,137984,1481],{"class":101},[56,137986,238],{"class":70},[56,137988,137989,137991,137993,137995],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,137990,112],{"class":111},[56,137992,115],{"class":70},[56,137994,130144],{"class":101},[56,137996,238],{"class":70},[20,137998,241],{},[47,138000,138002],{"className":49,"code":138001,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138003,138004,138009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138005,138006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138007,138008],{"class":62},"I like cats\n",[56,138010,138011],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138012,137809],{"class":62},[20,138014,138015],{},"Notice what happened:",[143,138017,138018,138023],{},[146,138019,138020,138022],{},[15,138021,1481],{}," did not change",[146,138024,138025,138027],{},[15,138026,130144],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138029,138030,138031,138033,138034,138036],{},"This happens because strings are ",[540,138032,136909],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138035,124445],{}," return a new string instead.",[42,138038,138040],{"id":138039},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138042,89620,138043,138045],{},[15,138044,124445],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138047,138048,138049,36700],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138050,41339],{},[1030,138052,138054],{"id":138053},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[47,138056,138058],{"className":49,"code":138057,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138059,138060,138073,138107,138111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138061,138062,138064,138066,138068,138071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138063,1466],{"class":62},[56,138065,67],{"class":66},[56,138067,191],{"class":180},[56,138069,138070],{"class":184},"cat cat cat",[56,138072,1476],{"class":180},[56,138074,138075,138077,138079,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138076,1156],{"class":62},[56,138078,67],{"class":66},[56,138080,42921],{"class":62},[56,138082,98],{"class":70},[56,138084,35079],{"class":101},[56,138086,115],{"class":70},[56,138088,181],{"class":180},[56,138090,37126],{"class":184},[56,138092,181],{"class":180},[56,138094,78],{"class":70},[56,138096,191],{"class":180},[56,138098,58202],{"class":184},[56,138100,181],{"class":180},[56,138102,78],{"class":70},[56,138104,910],{"class":74},[56,138106,238],{"class":70},[56,138108,138109],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138110,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138112,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138114,112],{"class":111},[56,138116,115],{"class":70},[56,138118,1190],{"class":101},[56,138120,238],{"class":70},[20,138122,241],{},[47,138124,138126],{"className":49,"code":138125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138127,138128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138129,138130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138131,138125],{"class":62},[1030,138133,138135],{"id":138134},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[47,138137,138139],{"className":49,"code":138138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138140,138141,138153,138187,138191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138142,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138144,1466],{"class":62},[56,138146,67],{"class":66},[56,138148,191],{"class":180},[56,138150,138070],{"class":184},[56,138152,1476],{"class":180},[56,138154,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138156,1156],{"class":62},[56,138158,67],{"class":66},[56,138160,42921],{"class":62},[56,138162,98],{"class":70},[56,138164,35079],{"class":101},[56,138166,115],{"class":70},[56,138168,181],{"class":180},[56,138170,37126],{"class":184},[56,138172,181],{"class":180},[56,138174,78],{"class":70},[56,138176,191],{"class":180},[56,138178,58202],{"class":184},[56,138180,181],{"class":180},[56,138182,78],{"class":70},[56,138184,81],{"class":74},[56,138186,238],{"class":70},[56,138188,138189],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138190,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138192,138193,138195,138197,138199],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138194,112],{"class":111},[56,138196,115],{"class":70},[56,138198,1190],{"class":101},[56,138200,238],{"class":70},[20,138202,241],{},[47,138204,138206],{"className":49,"code":138205,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138207,138208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138209,138210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138211,138205],{"class":62},[20,138213,138214],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138216,138217,138218,98],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[36,138219,127998],{"href":124442},[42,138221,138223],{"id":138222},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138225,138226,138228],{},[15,138227,124445],{}," can also change single characters.",[1030,138230,138232],{"id":138231},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[47,138234,138236],{"className":49,"code":138235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138237,138238,138250,138280,138284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138241,1466],{"class":62},[56,138243,67],{"class":66},[56,138245,191],{"class":180},[56,138247,571],{"class":184},[56,138249,1476],{"class":180},[56,138251,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138253,1156],{"class":62},[56,138255,67],{"class":66},[56,138257,42921],{"class":62},[56,138259,98],{"class":70},[56,138261,35079],{"class":101},[56,138263,115],{"class":70},[56,138265,181],{"class":180},[56,138267,36],{"class":184},[56,138269,181],{"class":180},[56,138271,78],{"class":70},[56,138273,191],{"class":180},[56,138275,60549],{"class":184},[56,138277,181],{"class":180},[56,138279,238],{"class":70},[56,138281,138282],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138283,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138287,112],{"class":111},[56,138289,115],{"class":70},[56,138291,1190],{"class":101},[56,138293,238],{"class":70},[20,138295,241],{},[47,138297,138299],{"className":49,"code":138298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bonono\n",[15,138300,138301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138302,138303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138304,138298],{"class":62},[1030,138306,138308],{"id":138307},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138310,138311],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[47,138313,138315],{"className":49,"code":138314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138316,138317,138330,138354,138358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138318,138319,138321,138323,138325,138328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138320,1466],{"class":62},[56,138322,67],{"class":66},[56,138324,191],{"class":180},[56,138326,138327],{"class":184},"a b c",[56,138329,1476],{"class":180},[56,138331,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138333,1156],{"class":62},[56,138335,67],{"class":66},[56,138337,42921],{"class":62},[56,138339,98],{"class":70},[56,138341,35079],{"class":101},[56,138343,115],{"class":70},[56,138345,181],{"class":180},[56,138347,191],{"class":180},[56,138349,78],{"class":70},[56,138351,6216],{"class":180},[56,138353,238],{"class":70},[56,138355,138356],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138357,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138359,138360,138362,138364,138366],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138361,112],{"class":111},[56,138363,115],{"class":70},[56,138365,1190],{"class":101},[56,138367,238],{"class":70},[20,138369,241],{},[47,138371,138373],{"className":49,"code":138372,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abc\n",[15,138374,138375],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138376,138377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138378,138372],{"class":62},[20,138380,138381],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138383,138384,138385,138389,138390,138394],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[36,138386,126274,138387,1384],{"href":128961},[15,138388,60607],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[36,138391,126274,138392,1384],{"href":136844},[15,138393,41733],{}," is often a better choice.",[42,138396,123921],{"id":123920},[20,138398,138399,123732],{},[15,138400,124445],{},[20,138402,127319,138403,4480,138405,127326],{},[15,138404,112958],{},[15,138406,138407],{},"\"Cat\"",[47,138409,138411],{"className":49,"code":138410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138412,138413,138426,138456,138460],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138414,138415,138417,138419,138421,138424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138416,1466],{"class":62},[56,138418,67],{"class":66},[56,138420,191],{"class":180},[56,138422,138423],{"class":184},"Cat cat CAT",[56,138425,1476],{"class":180},[56,138427,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138429,1156],{"class":62},[56,138431,67],{"class":66},[56,138433,42921],{"class":62},[56,138435,98],{"class":70},[56,138437,35079],{"class":101},[56,138439,115],{"class":70},[56,138441,181],{"class":180},[56,138443,37126],{"class":184},[56,138445,181],{"class":180},[56,138447,78],{"class":70},[56,138449,191],{"class":180},[56,138451,58202],{"class":184},[56,138453,181],{"class":180},[56,138455,238],{"class":70},[56,138457,138458],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138459,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138461,138462,138464,138466,138468],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138463,112],{"class":111},[56,138465,115],{"class":70},[56,138467,1190],{"class":101},[56,138469,238],{"class":70},[20,138471,241],{},[47,138473,138475],{"className":49,"code":138474,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138476,138477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138478,138479,138482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138480,138481],{"class":62},"Cat dog ",[56,138483,138484],{"class":34534},"CAT\n",[20,138486,138487,138488,138490],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138489,112958],{}," was replaced.",[20,138492,138493],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138495,138496,138497,98],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[36,138498,126274,138499,1384],{"href":124001},[15,138500,124004],{},[42,138502,133,138504,11791],{"id":138503},"what-replace-returns",[15,138505,124445],{},[20,138507,138508,138510],{},[15,138509,124445],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138512,138513],{},"If no match is found:",[143,138515,138516,138519],{},[146,138517,138518],{},"no error happens",[146,138520,138521],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138523,163],{},[47,138525,138527],{"className":49,"code":138526,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138528,138529,138541,138571,138575],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138530,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138532,1466],{"class":62},[56,138534,67],{"class":66},[56,138536,191],{"class":180},[56,138538,1473],{"class":184},[56,138540,1476],{"class":180},[56,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138544,1156],{"class":62},[56,138546,67],{"class":66},[56,138548,42921],{"class":62},[56,138550,98],{"class":70},[56,138552,35079],{"class":101},[56,138554,115],{"class":70},[56,138556,181],{"class":180},[56,138558,2271],{"class":184},[56,138560,181],{"class":180},[56,138562,78],{"class":70},[56,138564,191],{"class":180},[56,138566,11831],{"class":184},[56,138568,181],{"class":180},[56,138570,238],{"class":70},[56,138572,138573],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138574,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,138576,138577,138579,138581,138583],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,138578,112],{"class":111},[56,138580,115],{"class":70},[56,138582,1190],{"class":101},[56,138584,238],{"class":70},[20,138586,241],{},[47,138588,138590],{"className":49,"code":138589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello\n",[15,138591,138592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138593,138594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138595,138589],{"class":62},[20,138597,138598],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[47,138600,138602],{"className":49,"code":138601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138603,138604,138616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138607,1466],{"class":62},[56,138609,67],{"class":66},[56,138611,191],{"class":180},[56,138613,60482],{"class":184},[56,138615,1476],{"class":180},[56,138617,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138619,130113],{"class":62},[56,138621,67],{"class":66},[56,138623,42921],{"class":62},[56,138625,98],{"class":70},[56,138627,35079],{"class":101},[56,138629,115],{"class":70},[56,138631,181],{"class":180},[56,138633,60667],{"class":184},[56,138635,181],{"class":180},[56,138637,78],{"class":70},[56,138639,191],{"class":180},[56,138641,7387],{"class":184},[56,138643,181],{"class":180},[56,138645,238],{"class":70},[20,138647,138648],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[47,138650,138652],{"className":49,"code":138651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138653,138654,138666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138655,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138657,1466],{"class":62},[56,138659,67],{"class":66},[56,138661,191],{"class":180},[56,138663,60482],{"class":184},[56,138665,1476],{"class":180},[56,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138669,1466],{"class":62},[56,138671,67],{"class":66},[56,138673,42921],{"class":62},[56,138675,98],{"class":70},[56,138677,35079],{"class":101},[56,138679,115],{"class":70},[56,138681,181],{"class":180},[56,138683,60667],{"class":184},[56,138685,181],{"class":180},[56,138687,78],{"class":70},[56,138689,191],{"class":180},[56,138691,7387],{"class":184},[56,138693,181],{"class":180},[56,138695,238],{"class":70},[42,138697,4606],{"id":4605},[20,138699,138700,138701,141],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138702,124445],{},[143,138704,138705,138708,138712,138715],{},[146,138706,138707],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[146,138709,1435,138710,131494],{},[15,138711,124445],{},[146,138713,138714],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[146,138716,1447,138717,138719],{},[15,138718,124445],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1030,138721,138723,138724,138726],{"id":138722},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138725,124445],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138728,138729,138730,141],{},"This does not update ",[15,138731,1481],{},[47,138733,138735],{"className":49,"code":138734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138736,138737,138749,138775],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138738,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138740,1466],{"class":62},[56,138742,67],{"class":66},[56,138744,191],{"class":180},[56,138746,137760],{"class":184},[56,138748,1476],{"class":180},[56,138750,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138752,1481],{"class":62},[56,138754,98],{"class":70},[56,138756,35079],{"class":101},[56,138758,115],{"class":70},[56,138760,181],{"class":180},[56,138762,137781],{"class":184},[56,138764,181],{"class":180},[56,138766,78],{"class":70},[56,138768,191],{"class":180},[56,138770,137790],{"class":184},[56,138772,181],{"class":180},[56,138774,238],{"class":70},[56,138776,138777,138779,138781,138783],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138778,112],{"class":111},[56,138780,115],{"class":70},[56,138782,1481],{"class":101},[56,138784,238],{"class":70},[20,138786,241],{},[47,138788,138789],{"className":49,"code":138008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,138790,138791],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138792,138793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138794,138008],{"class":62},[20,138796,10895],{},[47,138798,138800],{"className":49,"code":138799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138801,138802,138814,138844],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138803,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138805,1466],{"class":62},[56,138807,67],{"class":66},[56,138809,191],{"class":180},[56,138811,137760],{"class":184},[56,138813,1476],{"class":180},[56,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138817,1466],{"class":62},[56,138819,67],{"class":66},[56,138821,42921],{"class":62},[56,138823,98],{"class":70},[56,138825,35079],{"class":101},[56,138827,115],{"class":70},[56,138829,181],{"class":180},[56,138831,137781],{"class":184},[56,138833,181],{"class":180},[56,138835,78],{"class":70},[56,138837,191],{"class":180},[56,138839,137790],{"class":184},[56,138841,181],{"class":180},[56,138843,238],{"class":70},[56,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,138847,112],{"class":111},[56,138849,115],{"class":70},[56,138851,1481],{"class":101},[56,138853,238],{"class":70},[20,138855,241],{},[47,138857,138858],{"className":49,"code":137809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,138859,138860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138861,138862],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138863,137809],{"class":62},[1030,138865,138867],{"id":138866},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[47,138869,138871],{"className":49,"code":138870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138872,138873,138885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138874,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138876,1466],{"class":62},[56,138878,67],{"class":66},[56,138880,191],{"class":180},[56,138882,34947],{"class":184},[56,138884,1476],{"class":180},[56,138886,138887,138889,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138888,112],{"class":111},[56,138890,115],{"class":70},[56,138892,1481],{"class":101},[56,138894,98],{"class":70},[56,138896,35079],{"class":101},[56,138898,115],{"class":70},[56,138900,181],{"class":180},[56,138902,1473],{"class":184},[56,138904,181],{"class":180},[56,138906,78],{"class":70},[56,138908,191],{"class":180},[56,138910,89855],{"class":184},[56,138912,181],{"class":180},[56,138914,1553],{"class":70},[20,138916,241],{},[47,138918,138919],{"className":49,"code":88868,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,138920,138921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138922,138923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138924,88868],{"class":62},[20,138926,138927,138928,4480,138930,138932],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138929,64608],{},[15,138931,90337],{}," are not the same.",[1030,138934,138936],{"id":138935},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[47,138938,138940],{"className":49,"code":138939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138941,138942,138955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138953],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138945,1466],{"class":62},[56,138947,67],{"class":66},[56,138949,191],{"class":180},[56,138951,138952],{"class":184},"red red red",[56,138954,1476],{"class":180},[56,138956,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,138958,112],{"class":111},[56,138960,115],{"class":70},[56,138962,1481],{"class":101},[56,138964,98],{"class":70},[56,138966,35079],{"class":101},[56,138968,115],{"class":70},[56,138970,181],{"class":180},[56,138972,343],{"class":184},[56,138974,181],{"class":180},[56,138976,78],{"class":70},[56,138978,191],{"class":180},[56,138980,361],{"class":184},[56,138982,181],{"class":180},[56,138984,1553],{"class":70},[20,138986,241],{},[47,138988,138990],{"className":49,"code":138989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138991,138992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138993,138994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138995,138989],{"class":62},[20,138997,138998,138999,141],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139000,41339],{},[47,139002,139004],{"className":49,"code":139003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139005,139006,139018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139007,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139009,1466],{"class":62},[56,139011,67],{"class":66},[56,139013,191],{"class":180},[56,139015,138952],{"class":184},[56,139017,1476],{"class":180},[56,139019,139020,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139021,112],{"class":111},[56,139023,115],{"class":70},[56,139025,1481],{"class":101},[56,139027,98],{"class":70},[56,139029,35079],{"class":101},[56,139031,115],{"class":70},[56,139033,181],{"class":180},[56,139035,343],{"class":184},[56,139037,181],{"class":180},[56,139039,78],{"class":70},[56,139041,191],{"class":180},[56,139043,361],{"class":184},[56,139045,181],{"class":180},[56,139047,78],{"class":70},[56,139049,910],{"class":74},[56,139051,1553],{"class":70},[20,139053,241],{},[47,139055,139057],{"className":49,"code":139056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue red red\n",[15,139058,139059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139060,139061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139062,139056],{"class":62},[1030,139064,139066,139067,139069],{"id":139065},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139068,124445],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139071,139072],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[143,139074,139075,139082,139089],{},[146,139076,650,139077,139081],{},[36,139078,139079],{"href":128961},[15,139080,60607],{}," to break a string into a list",[146,139083,650,139084,139088],{},[36,139085,139086],{"href":136844},[15,139087,41733],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[146,139090,650,139091,139093],{},[15,139092,124445],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[42,139095,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,139097,1892,139099,124601],{"id":139098},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139100,124445],{},[20,139102,139103],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1030,139105,139107],{"id":139106},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139109,139110],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1030,139112,139114],{"id":139113},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139116,139117],{},"Use the third argument:",[47,139119,139121],{"className":49,"code":139120,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139122,139123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139124,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139126,1481],{"class":62},[56,139128,98],{"class":70},[56,139130,35079],{"class":101},[56,139132,115],{"class":70},[56,139134,137871],{"class":101},[56,139136,78],{"class":70},[56,139138,137876],{"class":101},[56,139140,78],{"class":70},[56,139142,910],{"class":74},[56,139144,238],{"class":70},[1030,139146,5258,139148,139150],{"id":139147},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139149,124445],{}," remove text?",[20,139152,139153],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[47,139155,139157],{"className":49,"code":139156,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139158,139159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139160,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139162,1481],{"class":62},[56,139164,98],{"class":70},[56,139166,35079],{"class":101},[56,139168,115],{"class":70},[56,139170,181],{"class":180},[56,139172,2271],{"class":184},[56,139174,181],{"class":180},[56,139176,78],{"class":70},[56,139178,6216],{"class":180},[56,139180,238],{"class":70},[1030,139182,14982,139184,124610],{"id":139183},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139185,124445],{},[20,139187,129803],{},[42,139189,1996],{"id":1995},[143,139191,139192,139196,139202,139208,139214],{},[146,139193,139194],{},[36,139195,124680],{"href":124442},[146,139197,139198],{},[36,139199,126274,139200,1384],{"href":128961},[15,139201,60607],{},[146,139203,139204],{},[36,139205,126274,139206,1384],{"href":136844},[15,139207,41733],{},[146,139209,139210],{},[36,139211,126274,139212,1384],{"href":124001},[15,139213,124004],{},[146,139215,139216],{},[36,139217,125029],{"href":51056},[2028,139219,139220],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":139222},[139223,139224,139226,139229,139230,139234,139238,139239,139241,139249,139259],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":137824,"depth":92,"text":139225},"What replace() does",{"id":5520,"depth":92,"text":5521,"children":139227},[139228],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":5876,"depth":92,"text":5877},{"id":138039,"depth":92,"text":138040,"children":139231},[139232,139233],{"id":138053,"depth":108,"text":138054},{"id":138134,"depth":108,"text":138135},{"id":138222,"depth":92,"text":138223,"children":139235},[139236,139237],{"id":138231,"depth":108,"text":138232},{"id":138307,"depth":108,"text":138308},{"id":123920,"depth":92,"text":123921},{"id":138503,"depth":92,"text":139240},"What replace() returns",{"id":4605,"depth":92,"text":4606,"children":139242},[139243,139245,139246,139247],{"id":138722,"depth":108,"text":139244},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138866,"depth":108,"text":138867},{"id":138935,"depth":108,"text":138936},{"id":139065,"depth":108,"text":139248},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":139250},[139251,139253,139254,139255,139257],{"id":139098,"depth":108,"text":139252},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139106,"depth":108,"text":139107},{"id":139113,"depth":108,"text":139114},{"id":139147,"depth":108,"text":139256},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139183,"depth":108,"text":139258},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137709,"description":139260},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139267,"title":139268,"body":139269,"description":141288,"extension":2062,"meta":141289,"navigation":600,"path":141290,"seo":141291,"stem":141292,"__hash__":141293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139270,"toc":141252},[139271,139276,139281,139284,139295,139297,139352,139357,139362,139369,139371,139386,139388,139444,139446,139484,139489,139491,139515,139518,139531,139536,139538,139570,139572,139605,139611,139616,139619,139629,139632,139634,139690,139692,139742,139745,139753,139756,139812,139814,139887,139900,139908,139912,139923,139926,139929,139982,139984,140016,140019,140073,140075,140110,140113,140118,140123,140128,140131,140133,140191,140193,140227,140229,140244,140247,140249,140291,140293,140319,140324,140332,140335,140337,140419,140421,140472,140475,140486,140494,140496,140569,140571,140589,140593,140596,140600,140627,140629,140637,140641,140676,140678,140691,140695,140698,140737,140739,140756,140761,140766,140777,140780,140791,140793,140795,140821,140824,140873,140875,140892,140895,140897,140949,140951,140983,140986,141044,141049,141051,141056,141159,141161,141175,141177,141184,141189,141194,141199,141204,141209,141212,141216,141221,141223,141249],[10,139272,123274,139274,18],{"id":139273},"python-string-split-method",[15,139275,60607],{},[20,139277,123279,139278,139280],{},[15,139279,60607],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139282,139283],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[143,139285,139286,139289,139292],{},[146,139287,139288],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[146,139290,139291],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[146,139293,139294],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[42,139296,2104],{"id":2103},[47,139298,139300],{"className":49,"code":139299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139301,139302,139315,139337,139347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139303,139304,139306,139308,139310,139313],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139305,1466],{"class":62},[56,139307,67],{"class":66},[56,139309,191],{"class":180},[56,139311,139312],{"class":184},"apple,banana,cherry",[56,139314,1476],{"class":180},[56,139316,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139318,42916],{"class":62},[56,139320,67],{"class":66},[56,139322,42921],{"class":62},[56,139324,98],{"class":70},[56,139326,34550],{"class":101},[56,139328,115],{"class":70},[56,139330,181],{"class":180},[56,139332,78],{"class":184},[56,139334,181],{"class":180},[56,139336,238],{"class":70},[56,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,139340,112],{"class":111},[56,139342,115],{"class":70},[56,139344,42948],{"class":101},[56,139346,238],{"class":70},[56,139348,139349],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,139350,139351],{"class":123},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139353,650,139354,139356],{},[15,139355,60607],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[42,139358,133,139360,136],{"id":139359},"what-split-does",[15,139361,60607],{},[20,139363,139364,132322,139366,98],{},[15,139365,60607],{},[540,139367,139368],{},"string method",[20,139370,49008],{},[143,139372,139373,139376,139381],{},[146,139374,139375],{},"divides a string into parts",[146,139377,119576,139378],{},[540,139379,139380],{},"new list of strings",[146,139382,119582,139383,139385],{},[540,139384,931],{}," change the original string",[20,139387,163],{},[47,139389,139391],{"className":49,"code":139390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139392,139393,139406,139420,139424,139434],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139394,139395,139397,139399,139401,139404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139396,1466],{"class":62},[56,139398,67],{"class":66},[56,139400,191],{"class":180},[56,139402,139403],{"class":184},"red blue green",[56,139405,1476],{"class":180},[56,139407,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139409,42916],{"class":62},[56,139411,67],{"class":66},[56,139413,42921],{"class":62},[56,139415,98],{"class":70},[56,139417,34550],{"class":101},[56,139419,105],{"class":70},[56,139421,139422],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,139423,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,139425,139426,139428,139430,139432],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,139427,112],{"class":111},[56,139429,115],{"class":70},[56,139431,1481],{"class":101},[56,139433,238],{"class":70},[56,139435,139436,139438,139440,139442],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,139437,112],{"class":111},[56,139439,115],{"class":70},[56,139441,42948],{"class":101},[56,139443,238],{"class":70},[20,139445,241],{},[47,139447,139449],{"className":49,"code":139448,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139450,139451,139456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139452,139453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139454,139455],{"class":62},"red blue green\n",[56,139457,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139459,251],{"class":70},[56,139461,254],{"class":180},[56,139463,343],{"class":184},[56,139465,254],{"class":180},[56,139467,78],{"class":70},[56,139469,263],{"class":180},[56,139471,361],{"class":184},[56,139473,254],{"class":180},[56,139475,78],{"class":70},[56,139477,263],{"class":180},[56,139479,352],{"class":184},[56,139481,254],{"class":180},[56,139483,89],{"class":70},[20,139485,139486,139487,98],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[36,139488,125029],{"href":51056},[42,139490,289],{"id":288},[47,139492,139494],{"className":49,"code":139493,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139495,139496],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139497,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139499,61250],{"class":62},[56,139501,98],{"class":70},[56,139503,34550],{"class":101},[56,139505,115],{"class":70},[56,139507,133678],{"class":101},[56,139509,78],{"class":70},[56,139511,139512],{"class":101}," maxsplit",[56,139514,238],{"class":70},[20,139516,139517],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[143,139519,139520,139525],{},[146,139521,139522,139524],{},[15,139523,133678],{}," tells Python where to split",[146,139526,139527,139530],{},[15,139528,139529],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139532,8962,139533,139535],{},[15,139534,133678],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139537,163],{},[47,139539,139541],{"className":49,"code":139540,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139542,139543,139556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139544,139545,139547,139549,139551,139554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139546,1466],{"class":62},[56,139548,67],{"class":66},[56,139550,191],{"class":180},[56,139552,139553],{"class":184},"one two three",[56,139555,1476],{"class":180},[56,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139559,112],{"class":111},[56,139561,115],{"class":70},[56,139563,1481],{"class":101},[56,139565,98],{"class":70},[56,139567,34550],{"class":101},[56,139569,7284],{"class":70},[20,139571,241],{},[47,139573,139575],{"className":49,"code":139574,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139576,139577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139578,139579,139581,139583,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139580,251],{"class":70},[56,139582,254],{"class":180},[56,139584,6674],{"class":184},[56,139586,254],{"class":180},[56,139588,78],{"class":70},[56,139590,263],{"class":180},[56,139592,79190],{"class":184},[56,139594,254],{"class":180},[56,139596,78],{"class":70},[56,139598,263],{"class":180},[56,139600,134160],{"class":184},[56,139602,254],{"class":180},[56,139604,89],{"class":70},[42,139606,1441,139608,139610],{"id":139607},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139609,60607],{}," with no separator",[20,139612,70248,139613,139615],{},[15,139614,60607],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139617,139618],{},"Whitespace includes:",[143,139620,139621,139623,139626],{},[146,139622,10540],{},[146,139624,139625],{},"tabs",[146,139627,139628],{},"new lines",[20,139630,139631],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139633,163],{},[47,139635,139637],{"className":49,"code":139636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139638,139639,139662,139676,139680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139640,139641,139643,139645,139647,139650,139653,139655,139657,139660],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139642,1466],{"class":62},[56,139644,67],{"class":66},[56,139646,191],{"class":180},[56,139648,139649],{"class":184},"Python   is",[56,139651,139652],{"class":34534},"\\t",[56,139654,133414],{"class":184},[56,139656,87072],{"class":34534},[56,139658,139659],{"class":184},"and useful",[56,139661,1476],{"class":180},[56,139663,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139665,42916],{"class":62},[56,139667,67],{"class":66},[56,139669,42921],{"class":62},[56,139671,98],{"class":70},[56,139673,34550],{"class":101},[56,139675,105],{"class":70},[56,139677,139678],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,139679,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,139681,139682,139684,139686,139688],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,139683,112],{"class":111},[56,139685,115],{"class":70},[56,139687,42948],{"class":101},[56,139689,238],{"class":70},[20,139691,241],{},[47,139693,139695],{"className":49,"code":139694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139696,139697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139738,139740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139700,251],{"class":70},[56,139702,254],{"class":180},[56,139704,7387],{"class":184},[56,139706,254],{"class":180},[56,139708,78],{"class":70},[56,139710,263],{"class":180},[56,139712,12277],{"class":184},[56,139714,254],{"class":180},[56,139716,78],{"class":70},[56,139718,263],{"class":180},[56,139720,133414],{"class":184},[56,139722,254],{"class":180},[56,139724,78],{"class":70},[56,139726,263],{"class":180},[56,139728,130039],{"class":184},[56,139730,254],{"class":180},[56,139732,78],{"class":70},[56,139734,263],{"class":180},[56,139736,139737],{"class":184},"useful",[56,139739,254],{"class":180},[56,139741,89],{"class":70},[20,139743,139744],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1030,139746,139748,1021,139750],{"id":139747},"split-vs-split",[15,139749,60607],{},[15,139751,139752],{},"split(' ')",[20,139754,139755],{},"These are not the same.",[47,139757,139759],{"className":49,"code":139758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139760,139761,139774,139778,139792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139762,139763,139765,139767,139769,139772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139764,1466],{"class":62},[56,139766,67],{"class":66},[56,139768,191],{"class":180},[56,139770,139771],{"class":184},"a  b   c",[56,139773,1476],{"class":180},[56,139775,139776],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139777,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,139779,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,139781,112],{"class":111},[56,139783,115],{"class":70},[56,139785,1481],{"class":101},[56,139787,98],{"class":70},[56,139789,34550],{"class":101},[56,139791,7284],{"class":70},[56,139793,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,139795,112],{"class":111},[56,139797,115],{"class":70},[56,139799,1481],{"class":101},[56,139801,98],{"class":70},[56,139803,34550],{"class":101},[56,139805,115],{"class":70},[56,139807,181],{"class":180},[56,139809,191],{"class":180},[56,139811,1553],{"class":70},[20,139813,241],{},[47,139815,139817],{"className":49,"code":139816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139818,139819,139847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139822,251],{"class":70},[56,139824,254],{"class":180},[56,139826,36],{"class":184},[56,139828,254],{"class":180},[56,139830,78],{"class":70},[56,139832,263],{"class":180},[56,139834,194],{"class":184},[56,139836,254],{"class":180},[56,139838,78],{"class":70},[56,139840,263],{"class":180},[56,139842,203],{"class":184},[56,139844,254],{"class":180},[56,139846,89],{"class":70},[56,139848,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139850,251],{"class":70},[56,139852,254],{"class":180},[56,139854,36],{"class":184},[56,139856,254],{"class":180},[56,139858,78],{"class":70},[56,139860,3928],{"class":180},[56,139862,78],{"class":70},[56,139864,263],{"class":180},[56,139866,194],{"class":184},[56,139868,254],{"class":180},[56,139870,78],{"class":70},[56,139872,3928],{"class":180},[56,139874,78],{"class":70},[56,139876,3928],{"class":180},[56,139878,78],{"class":70},[56,139880,263],{"class":180},[56,139882,203],{"class":184},[56,139884,254],{"class":180},[56,139886,89],{"class":70},[143,139888,139889,139894],{},[146,139890,139891,139893],{},[15,139892,60607],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[146,139895,139896,139899],{},[15,139897,139898],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139901,139902,139903,139907],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[36,139904,126274,139905,1384],{"href":136844},[15,139906,41733],{}," is often useful.",[42,139909,139911],{"id":139910},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139913,139914,139915,2287,139918,2291,139920,98],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139916,139917],{},"\",\"",[15,139919,133513],{},[15,139921,139922],{},"\"::\"",[20,139924,139925],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139927,139928],{},"Example with commas:",[47,139930,139932],{"className":49,"code":139931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139933,139934,139946,139968,139972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139937,1466],{"class":62},[56,139939,67],{"class":66},[56,139941,191],{"class":180},[56,139943,139312],{"class":184},[56,139945,1476],{"class":180},[56,139947,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,139949,42916],{"class":62},[56,139951,67],{"class":66},[56,139953,42921],{"class":62},[56,139955,98],{"class":70},[56,139957,34550],{"class":101},[56,139959,115],{"class":70},[56,139961,181],{"class":180},[56,139963,78],{"class":184},[56,139965,181],{"class":180},[56,139967,238],{"class":70},[56,139969,139970],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,139971,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,139973,139974,139976,139978,139980],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,139975,112],{"class":111},[56,139977,115],{"class":70},[56,139979,42948],{"class":101},[56,139981,238],{"class":70},[20,139983,241],{},[47,139985,139986],{"className":49,"code":78369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,139987,139988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139989,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139991,251],{"class":70},[56,139993,254],{"class":180},[56,139995,562],{"class":184},[56,139997,254],{"class":180},[56,139999,78],{"class":70},[56,140001,263],{"class":180},[56,140003,571],{"class":184},[56,140005,254],{"class":180},[56,140007,78],{"class":70},[56,140009,263],{"class":180},[56,140011,580],{"class":184},[56,140013,254],{"class":180},[56,140015,89],{"class":70},[20,140017,140018],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[47,140020,140022],{"className":49,"code":140021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140023,140024,140037,140059,140063],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140025,140026,140028,140030,140032,140035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140027,1466],{"class":62},[56,140029,67],{"class":66},[56,140031,191],{"class":180},[56,140033,140034],{"class":184},"2024::10::31",[56,140036,1476],{"class":180},[56,140038,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140040,42916],{"class":62},[56,140042,67],{"class":66},[56,140044,42921],{"class":62},[56,140046,98],{"class":70},[56,140048,34550],{"class":101},[56,140050,115],{"class":70},[56,140052,181],{"class":180},[56,140054,76586],{"class":184},[56,140056,181],{"class":180},[56,140058,238],{"class":70},[56,140060,140061],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140062,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140064,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140066,112],{"class":111},[56,140068,115],{"class":70},[56,140070,42948],{"class":101},[56,140072,238],{"class":70},[20,140074,241],{},[47,140076,140078],{"className":49,"code":140077,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140079,140080],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140081,140082,140084,140086,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140106,140108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140083,251],{"class":70},[56,140085,254],{"class":180},[56,140087,140088],{"class":184},"2024",[56,140090,254],{"class":180},[56,140092,78],{"class":70},[56,140094,263],{"class":180},[56,140096,444],{"class":184},[56,140098,254],{"class":180},[56,140100,78],{"class":70},[56,140102,263],{"class":180},[56,140104,140105],{"class":184},"31",[56,140107,254],{"class":180},[56,140109,89],{"class":70},[20,140111,140112],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140114,140115,140116,98],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[36,140117,128958],{"href":128957},[42,140119,1441,140121],{"id":140120},"using-maxsplit",[15,140122,139529],{},[20,140124,140125,140127],{},[15,140126,139529],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140129,140130],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140132,163],{},[47,140134,140136],{"className":49,"code":140135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140137,140138,140151,140177,140181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140139,140140,140142,140144,140146,140149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140141,1466],{"class":62},[56,140143,67],{"class":66},[56,140145,191],{"class":180},[56,140147,140148],{"class":184},"name:age:city:country",[56,140150,1476],{"class":180},[56,140152,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140154,42916],{"class":62},[56,140156,67],{"class":66},[56,140158,42921],{"class":62},[56,140160,98],{"class":70},[56,140162,34550],{"class":101},[56,140164,115],{"class":70},[56,140166,181],{"class":180},[56,140168,141],{"class":184},[56,140170,181],{"class":180},[56,140172,78],{"class":70},[56,140174,81],{"class":74},[56,140176,238],{"class":70},[56,140178,140179],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140180,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140182,140183,140185,140187,140189],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140184,112],{"class":111},[56,140186,115],{"class":70},[56,140188,42948],{"class":101},[56,140190,238],{"class":70},[20,140192,241],{},[47,140194,140196],{"className":49,"code":140195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140197,140198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140223,140225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140201,251],{"class":70},[56,140203,254],{"class":180},[56,140205,7759],{"class":184},[56,140207,254],{"class":180},[56,140209,78],{"class":70},[56,140211,263],{"class":180},[56,140213,9387],{"class":184},[56,140215,254],{"class":180},[56,140217,78],{"class":70},[56,140219,263],{"class":180},[56,140221,140222],{"class":184},"city:country",[56,140224,254],{"class":180},[56,140226,89],{"class":70},[20,140228,2276],{},[143,140230,140231,140236,140241],{},[146,140232,140233,140234],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140235,141],{},[146,140237,140238,140239],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140240,141],{},[146,140242,140243],{},"then stops",[20,140245,140246],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140248,52161],{},[47,140250,140252],{"className":49,"code":140251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140253,140254,140267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140255,140256,140258,140260,140262,140265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140257,1466],{"class":62},[56,140259,67],{"class":66},[56,140261,191],{"class":180},[56,140263,140264],{"class":184},"apple banana cherry grape",[56,140266,1476],{"class":180},[56,140268,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140270,112],{"class":111},[56,140272,115],{"class":70},[56,140274,1481],{"class":101},[56,140276,98],{"class":70},[56,140278,34550],{"class":101},[56,140280,115],{"class":70},[56,140282,181],{"class":180},[56,140284,191],{"class":180},[56,140286,78],{"class":70},[56,140288,910],{"class":74},[56,140290,1553],{"class":70},[20,140292,241],{},[47,140294,140296],{"className":49,"code":140295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140297,140298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140299,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310,140312,140315,140317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140301,251],{"class":70},[56,140303,254],{"class":180},[56,140305,562],{"class":184},[56,140307,254],{"class":180},[56,140309,78],{"class":70},[56,140311,263],{"class":180},[56,140313,140314],{"class":184},"banana cherry grape",[56,140316,254],{"class":180},[56,140318,89],{"class":70},[42,140320,133,140322,11791],{"id":140321},"what-split-returns",[15,140323,60607],{},[20,140325,140326,140327,140329,140330,98],{},"The result of ",[15,140328,60607],{}," is always a ",[540,140331,1644],{},[20,140333,140334],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140336,163],{},[47,140338,140340],{"className":49,"code":140339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140341,140342,140355,140377,140381,140391,140405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140343,140344,140346,140348,140350,140353],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140345,1466],{"class":62},[56,140347,67],{"class":66},[56,140349,191],{"class":180},[56,140351,140352],{"class":184},"cat,dog,bird",[56,140354,1476],{"class":180},[56,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140358,42916],{"class":62},[56,140360,67],{"class":66},[56,140362,42921],{"class":62},[56,140364,98],{"class":70},[56,140366,34550],{"class":101},[56,140368,115],{"class":70},[56,140370,181],{"class":180},[56,140372,78],{"class":184},[56,140374,181],{"class":180},[56,140376,238],{"class":70},[56,140378,140379],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140380,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140382,140383,140385,140387,140389],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140384,112],{"class":111},[56,140386,115],{"class":70},[56,140388,42948],{"class":101},[56,140390,238],{"class":70},[56,140392,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,140394,112],{"class":111},[56,140396,115],{"class":70},[56,140398,1546],{"class":1545},[56,140400,115],{"class":70},[56,140402,42948],{"class":101},[56,140404,1553],{"class":70},[56,140406,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,140408,112],{"class":111},[56,140410,115],{"class":70},[56,140412,42948],{"class":101},[56,140414,251],{"class":70},[56,140416,2218],{"class":74},[56,140418,1607],{"class":70},[20,140420,241],{},[47,140422,140424],{"className":49,"code":140423,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140425,140426,140454,140468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140429,251],{"class":70},[56,140431,254],{"class":180},[56,140433,37126],{"class":184},[56,140435,254],{"class":180},[56,140437,78],{"class":70},[56,140439,263],{"class":180},[56,140441,58202],{"class":184},[56,140443,254],{"class":180},[56,140445,78],{"class":70},[56,140447,263],{"class":180},[56,140449,58219],{"class":184},[56,140451,254],{"class":180},[56,140453,89],{"class":70},[56,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140457,1635],{"class":66},[56,140459,1639],{"class":1638},[56,140461,263],{"class":180},[56,140463,1644],{"class":184},[56,140465,254],{"class":180},[56,140467,1649],{"class":66},[56,140469,140470],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140471,85388],{"class":62},[20,140473,140474],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[143,140476,140477,140480,140483],{},[146,140478,140479],{},"loop over it",[146,140481,140482],{},"access items by index",[146,140484,140485],{},"combine items again later",[20,140487,140488,140489,98],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[36,140490,126274,140492,1384],{"href":140491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140493,133356],{},[20,140495,163],{},[47,140497,140499],{"className":49,"code":140498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140500,140501,140533,140555,140559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140502,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140504,42916],{"class":62},[56,140506,67],{"class":66},[56,140508,71],{"class":70},[56,140510,254],{"class":180},[56,140512,37126],{"class":184},[56,140514,254],{"class":180},[56,140516,78],{"class":70},[56,140518,263],{"class":180},[56,140520,58202],{"class":184},[56,140522,254],{"class":180},[56,140524,78],{"class":70},[56,140526,263],{"class":180},[56,140528,58219],{"class":184},[56,140530,254],{"class":180},[56,140532,89],{"class":70},[56,140534,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140536,1466],{"class":62},[56,140538,67],{"class":66},[56,140540,191],{"class":180},[56,140542,709],{"class":184},[56,140544,181],{"class":180},[56,140546,98],{"class":70},[56,140548,133433],{"class":101},[56,140550,115],{"class":70},[56,140552,42948],{"class":101},[56,140554,238],{"class":70},[56,140556,140557],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140558,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140562,112],{"class":111},[56,140564,115],{"class":70},[56,140566,1481],{"class":101},[56,140568,238],{"class":70},[20,140570,241],{},[47,140572,140574],{"className":49,"code":140573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140575,140576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140577,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140579,37126],{"class":62},[56,140581,709],{"class":66},[56,140583,58202],{"class":62},[56,140585,709],{"class":66},[56,140587,140588],{"class":62},"bird\n",[42,140590,140592],{"id":140591},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140594,140595],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1030,140597,140599],{"id":140598},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[47,140601,140603],{"className":49,"code":140602,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140604,140605,140613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140606,140607,140609,140611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140608,1466],{"class":62},[56,140610,67],{"class":66},[56,140612,7972],{"class":180},[56,140614,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140616,112],{"class":111},[56,140618,115],{"class":70},[56,140620,1481],{"class":101},[56,140622,98],{"class":70},[56,140624,34550],{"class":101},[56,140626,7284],{"class":70},[20,140628,241],{},[47,140630,140631],{"className":49,"code":38376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,140632,140633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140634,140635],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140636,38376],{"class":70},[1030,140638,140640],{"id":140639},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[47,140642,140644],{"className":49,"code":140643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140645,140646,140654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140647,140648,140650,140652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140649,1466],{"class":62},[56,140651,67],{"class":66},[56,140653,7972],{"class":180},[56,140655,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140657,112],{"class":111},[56,140659,115],{"class":70},[56,140661,1481],{"class":101},[56,140663,98],{"class":70},[56,140665,34550],{"class":101},[56,140667,115],{"class":70},[56,140669,181],{"class":180},[56,140671,78],{"class":184},[56,140673,181],{"class":180},[56,140675,1553],{"class":70},[20,140677,241],{},[47,140679,140681],{"className":49,"code":140680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['']\n",[15,140682,140683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140684,140685,140687,140689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140686,251],{"class":70},[56,140688,3863],{"class":180},[56,140690,89],{"class":70},[1030,140692,140694],{"id":140693},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140696,140697],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[47,140699,140701],{"className":49,"code":140700,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140702,140703,140715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140704,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140706,1466],{"class":62},[56,140708,67],{"class":66},[56,140710,191],{"class":180},[56,140712,1473],{"class":184},[56,140714,1476],{"class":180},[56,140716,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140718,112],{"class":111},[56,140720,115],{"class":70},[56,140722,1481],{"class":101},[56,140724,98],{"class":70},[56,140726,34550],{"class":101},[56,140728,115],{"class":70},[56,140730,181],{"class":180},[56,140732,78],{"class":184},[56,140734,181],{"class":180},[56,140736,1553],{"class":70},[20,140738,241],{},[47,140740,140742],{"className":49,"code":140741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello']\n",[15,140743,140744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140745,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140747,251],{"class":70},[56,140749,254],{"class":180},[56,140751,1473],{"class":184},[56,140753,254],{"class":180},[56,140755,89],{"class":70},[42,140757,1389,140759],{"id":140758},"when-to-use-split",[15,140760,60607],{},[20,140762,650,140763,140765],{},[15,140764,60607],{}," when you need to:",[143,140767,140768,140771,140774],{},[146,140769,140770],{},"split a sentence into words",[146,140772,140773],{},"split comma-separated values",[146,140775,140776],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140778,140779],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[143,140781,140782,140785,140788],{},[146,140783,140784],{},"cleaning text",[146,140786,140787],{},"parsing user input",[146,140789,140790],{},"processing simple file content",[42,140792,1418],{"id":1417},[20,140794,84159],{},[143,140796,140797,140801,140807,140810,140818],{},[146,140798,50587,140799,131494],{},[15,140800,60607],{},[146,140802,140803,140804,140806],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140805,60607],{}," returns a list, not a string",[146,140808,140809],{},"using the wrong separator",[146,140811,140812,140813,140815,140816],{},"assuming ",[15,140814,139752],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140817,60607],{},[146,140819,140820],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140822,140823],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[47,140825,140827],{"className":49,"code":140826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140828,140829,140841,140859,140863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140830,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140832,1466],{"class":62},[56,140834,67],{"class":66},[56,140836,191],{"class":180},[56,140838,42909],{"class":184},[56,140840,1476],{"class":180},[56,140842,140843,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855,140857],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140844,1481],{"class":62},[56,140846,98],{"class":70},[56,140848,34550],{"class":101},[56,140850,115],{"class":70},[56,140852,181],{"class":180},[56,140854,78],{"class":184},[56,140856,181],{"class":180},[56,140858,238],{"class":70},[56,140860,140861],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140862,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140864,140865,140867,140869,140871],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140866,112],{"class":111},[56,140868,115],{"class":70},[56,140870,1481],{"class":101},[56,140872,238],{"class":70},[20,140874,241],{},[47,140876,140878],{"className":49,"code":140877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a,b,c\n",[15,140879,140880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140881,140882,140884,140886,140888,140890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140883,36],{"class":62},[56,140885,78],{"class":70},[56,140887,194],{"class":62},[56,140889,78],{"class":70},[56,140891,69320],{"class":62},[20,140893,140894],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140896,10895],{},[47,140898,140899],{"className":49,"code":42896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,140900,140901,140913,140935,140939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140902,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140904,1466],{"class":62},[56,140906,67],{"class":66},[56,140908,191],{"class":180},[56,140910,42909],{"class":184},[56,140912,1476],{"class":180},[56,140914,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,140916,42916],{"class":62},[56,140918,67],{"class":66},[56,140920,42921],{"class":62},[56,140922,98],{"class":70},[56,140924,34550],{"class":101},[56,140926,115],{"class":70},[56,140928,181],{"class":180},[56,140930,78],{"class":184},[56,140932,181],{"class":180},[56,140934,238],{"class":70},[56,140936,140937],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,140938,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,140940,140941,140943,140945,140947],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,140942,112],{"class":111},[56,140944,115],{"class":70},[56,140946,42948],{"class":101},[56,140948,238],{"class":70},[20,140950,241],{},[47,140952,140953],{"className":49,"code":42955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,140954,140955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140956,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140958,251],{"class":70},[56,140960,254],{"class":180},[56,140962,36],{"class":184},[56,140964,254],{"class":180},[56,140966,78],{"class":70},[56,140968,263],{"class":180},[56,140970,194],{"class":184},[56,140972,254],{"class":180},[56,140974,78],{"class":70},[56,140976,263],{"class":180},[56,140978,203],{"class":184},[56,140980,254],{"class":180},[56,140982,89],{"class":70},[20,140984,140985],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[47,140987,140989],{"className":49,"code":140988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140990,140991,141004,141026,141030],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140992,140993,140995,140997,140999,141002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140994,1466],{"class":62},[56,140996,67],{"class":66},[56,140998,191],{"class":180},[56,141000,141001],{"class":184},"apple,banana",[56,141003,1476],{"class":180},[56,141005,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141007,42916],{"class":62},[56,141009,67],{"class":66},[56,141011,42921],{"class":62},[56,141013,98],{"class":70},[56,141015,34550],{"class":101},[56,141017,115],{"class":70},[56,141019,181],{"class":180},[56,141021,78],{"class":184},[56,141023,181],{"class":180},[56,141025,238],{"class":70},[56,141027,141028],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141029,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,141031,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141033,112],{"class":111},[56,141035,115],{"class":70},[56,141037,42948],{"class":101},[56,141039,251],{"class":70},[56,141041,1097],{"class":74},[56,141043,1607],{"class":70},[20,141045,141046,141047,98],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[36,141048,69333],{"href":69332},[1030,141050,60786],{"id":60785},[20,141052,8962,141053,141055],{},[15,141054,60607],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[47,141057,141059],{"className":49,"code":141058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141060,141061,141071,141085,141107,141133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141064,112],{"class":111},[56,141066,115],{"class":70},[56,141068,1481],{"class":101},[56,141070,238],{"class":70},[56,141072,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141074,112],{"class":111},[56,141076,115],{"class":70},[56,141078,1481],{"class":101},[56,141080,98],{"class":70},[56,141082,34550],{"class":101},[56,141084,7284],{"class":70},[56,141086,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141088,112],{"class":111},[56,141090,115],{"class":70},[56,141092,1481],{"class":101},[56,141094,98],{"class":70},[56,141096,34550],{"class":101},[56,141098,115],{"class":70},[56,141100,254],{"class":180},[56,141102,78],{"class":184},[56,141104,254],{"class":180},[56,141106,1553],{"class":70},[56,141108,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141110,112],{"class":111},[56,141112,115],{"class":70},[56,141114,11250],{"class":111},[56,141116,115],{"class":70},[56,141118,1481],{"class":101},[56,141120,98],{"class":70},[56,141122,34550],{"class":101},[56,141124,115],{"class":70},[56,141126,254],{"class":180},[56,141128,78],{"class":184},[56,141130,254],{"class":180},[56,141132,3010],{"class":70},[56,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,141136,112],{"class":111},[56,141138,115],{"class":70},[56,141140,1546],{"class":1545},[56,141142,115],{"class":70},[56,141144,1481],{"class":101},[56,141146,98],{"class":70},[56,141148,34550],{"class":101},[56,141150,115],{"class":70},[56,141152,254],{"class":180},[56,141154,78],{"class":184},[56,141156,254],{"class":180},[56,141158,3010],{"class":70},[20,141160,11259],{},[143,141162,141163,141166,141169,141172],{},[146,141164,141165],{},"what the original string looks like",[146,141167,141168],{},"which separator works",[146,141170,141171],{},"how many items were created",[146,141173,141174],{},"that the result is a list",[42,141176,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,141178,5268,141180,4480,141182,1911],{"id":141179},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141181,60607],{},[15,141183,139752],{},[20,141185,141186,141188],{},[15,141187,60607],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141190,141191,141193],{},[15,141192,139752],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1030,141195,1892,141197,124601],{"id":141196},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141198,60607],{},[20,141200,141201,141202,56554],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141203,60607],{},[1030,141205,5230,141207,40040],{"id":141206},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141208,139529],{},[20,141210,141211],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1030,141213,141215],{"id":141214},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141217,29142,141218,141220],{},[15,141219,60607],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[42,141222,1996],{"id":1995},[143,141224,141225,141229,141235,141241,141245],{},[146,141226,141227],{},[36,141228,129879],{"href":128957},[146,141230,141231],{},[36,141232,126274,141233,1384],{"href":140491},[15,141234,133356],{},[146,141236,141237],{},[36,141238,126274,141239,1384],{"href":136844},[15,141240,41733],{},[146,141242,141243],{},[36,141244,125029],{"href":51056},[146,141246,141247],{},[36,141248,69333],{"href":69332},[2028,141250,141251],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":141253},[141254,141255,141257,141258,141263,141264,141266,141268,141273,141275,141278,141287],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":139359,"depth":92,"text":141256},"What split() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":139607,"depth":92,"text":141259,"children":141260},"Using split() with no separator",[141261],{"id":139747,"depth":108,"text":141262},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139910,"depth":92,"text":139911},{"id":140120,"depth":92,"text":141265},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140321,"depth":92,"text":141267},"What split() returns",{"id":140591,"depth":92,"text":140592,"children":141269},[141270,141271,141272],{"id":140598,"depth":108,"text":140599},{"id":140639,"depth":108,"text":140640},{"id":140693,"depth":108,"text":140694},{"id":140758,"depth":92,"text":141274},"When to use split()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":141276},[141277],{"id":60785,"depth":108,"text":60786},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":141279},[141280,141282,141284,141286],{"id":141179,"depth":108,"text":141281},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141196,"depth":108,"text":141283},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141206,"depth":108,"text":141285},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141214,"depth":108,"text":141215},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139268,"description":141288},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141295,"title":141296,"body":141297,"description":143240,"extension":2062,"meta":143241,"navigation":600,"path":143242,"seo":143243,"stem":143244,"__hash__":143245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141298,"toc":143199},[141299,141304,141309,141316,141389,141394,141399,141404,141420,141422,141492,141494,141496,141516,141518,141563,141568,141570,141668,141673,141677,141682,141686,141689,141731,141735,141738,141783,141787,141790,141840,141844,141849,141901,141903,141908,141919,141924,142004,142006,142018,142027,142034,142049,142051,142166,142172,142176,142179,142184,142326,142329,142336,142338,142342,142350,142419,142425,142474,142479,142484,142486,142506,142508,142574,142576,142580,142583,142587,142628,142630,142663,142668,142671,142698,142700,142743,142750,142755,142765,142831,142835,142843,142848,142899,142903,142906,142908,142917,142919,142969,142971,143078,143080,143085,143092,143098,143101,143132,143137,143139,143146,143154,143163,143166,143168,143196],[10,141300,123274,141302,18],{"id":141301},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141303,127642],{},[20,141305,123279,141306,141308],{},[15,141307,127642],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141310,126340,141311,2976,141313,141315],{},[15,141312,3698],{},[15,141314,3764],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[47,141317,141319],{"className":49,"code":141318,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141320,141321,141334,141338,141363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141322,141323,141325,141327,141329,141332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141324,1466],{"class":62},[56,141326,67],{"class":66},[56,141328,191],{"class":180},[56,141330,141331],{"class":184},"Python Beginner Help",[56,141333,1476],{"class":180},[56,141335,141336],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141337,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,141339,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141341,112],{"class":111},[56,141343,115],{"class":70},[56,141345,1481],{"class":101},[56,141347,98],{"class":70},[56,141349,141350],{"class":101},"startswith",[56,141352,115],{"class":70},[56,141354,181],{"class":180},[56,141356,7387],{"class":184},[56,141358,181],{"class":180},[56,141360,5451],{"class":70},[56,141362,43935],{"class":123},[56,141364,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141382,141384,141386],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141366,112],{"class":111},[56,141368,115],{"class":70},[56,141370,1481],{"class":101},[56,141372,98],{"class":70},[56,141374,141350],{"class":101},[56,141376,115],{"class":70},[56,141378,181],{"class":180},[56,141380,141381],{"class":184},"Beginner",[56,141383,181],{"class":180},[56,141385,5451],{"class":70},[56,141387,141388],{"class":123}," # False\n",[20,141390,650,141391,141393],{},[15,141392,127642],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[42,141395,133,141397,136],{"id":141396},"what-startswith-does",[15,141398,127642],{},[20,141400,141401,141403],{},[15,141402,127642],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[143,141405,141406,141409,141415,141417],{},[146,141407,141408],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[146,141410,5236,141411,2976,141413],{},[15,141412,3698],{},[15,141414,3764],{},[146,141416,123417],{},[146,141418,141419],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141421,163],{},[47,141423,141425],{"className":49,"code":141424,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141426,141427,141439,141443,141468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141428,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141430,7967],{"class":62},[56,141432,67],{"class":66},[56,141434,191],{"class":180},[56,141436,7387],{"class":184},[56,141438,1476],{"class":180},[56,141440,141441],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141442,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,141444,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141462,141464,141466],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141446,112],{"class":111},[56,141448,115],{"class":70},[56,141450,7759],{"class":101},[56,141452,98],{"class":70},[56,141454,141350],{"class":101},[56,141456,115],{"class":70},[56,141458,181],{"class":180},[56,141460,141461],{"class":184},"Py",[56,141463,181],{"class":180},[56,141465,5451],{"class":70},[56,141467,43935],{"class":123},[56,141469,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141471,112],{"class":111},[56,141473,115],{"class":70},[56,141475,7759],{"class":101},[56,141477,98],{"class":70},[56,141479,141350],{"class":101},[56,141481,115],{"class":70},[56,141483,181],{"class":180},[56,141485,128720],{"class":184},[56,141487,181],{"class":180},[56,141489,5451],{"class":70},[56,141491,43952],{"class":123},[42,141493,289],{"id":288},[20,141495,42464],{},[47,141497,141499],{"className":49,"code":141498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141500,141501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141502,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141504,61250],{"class":62},[56,141506,98],{"class":70},[56,141508,141350],{"class":101},[56,141510,115],{"class":70},[56,141512,141513],{"class":101},"prefix",[56,141515,238],{"class":70},[20,141517,30846],{},[47,141519,141521],{"className":49,"code":141520,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141522,141523,141541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141524,141525,141527,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141526,61250],{"class":62},[56,141528,98],{"class":70},[56,141530,141350],{"class":101},[56,141532,115],{"class":70},[56,141534,141513],{"class":101},[56,141536,78],{"class":70},[56,141538,36133],{"class":101},[56,141540,238],{"class":70},[56,141542,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141544,61250],{"class":62},[56,141546,98],{"class":70},[56,141548,141350],{"class":101},[56,141550,115],{"class":70},[56,141552,141513],{"class":101},[56,141554,78],{"class":70},[56,141556,36133],{"class":101},[56,141558,78],{"class":70},[56,141560,65114],{"class":101},[56,141562,238],{"class":70},[20,141564,20851,141565,141567],{},[15,141566,141513],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141569,163],{},[47,141571,141573],{"className":49,"code":141572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141574,141575,141587,141591,141616,141640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141578,1466],{"class":62},[56,141580,67],{"class":66},[56,141582,191],{"class":180},[56,141584,60482],{"class":184},[56,141586,1476],{"class":180},[56,141588,141589],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141590,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,141592,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141594,112],{"class":111},[56,141596,115],{"class":70},[56,141598,1481],{"class":101},[56,141600,98],{"class":70},[56,141602,141350],{"class":101},[56,141604,115],{"class":70},[56,141606,181],{"class":180},[56,141608,1473],{"class":184},[56,141610,181],{"class":180},[56,141612,5451],{"class":70},[56,141614,141615],{"class":123},"      # True\n",[56,141617,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141619,112],{"class":111},[56,141621,115],{"class":70},[56,141623,1481],{"class":101},[56,141625,98],{"class":70},[56,141627,141350],{"class":101},[56,141629,115],{"class":70},[56,141631,181],{"class":180},[56,141633,60667],{"class":184},[56,141635,181],{"class":180},[56,141637,5451],{"class":70},[56,141639,21281],{"class":123},[56,141641,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,141643,112],{"class":111},[56,141645,115],{"class":70},[56,141647,1481],{"class":101},[56,141649,98],{"class":70},[56,141651,141350],{"class":101},[56,141653,115],{"class":70},[56,141655,181],{"class":180},[56,141657,60667],{"class":184},[56,141659,181],{"class":180},[56,141661,78],{"class":70},[56,141663,37722],{"class":74},[56,141665,5451],{"class":70},[56,141667,43935],{"class":123},[20,141669,141670,141671,98],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[36,141672,125029],{"href":51056},[42,141674,141676],{"id":141675},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141678,141679,141681],{},[15,141680,127642],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1030,141683,141684],{"id":141513},[15,141685,141513],{},[20,141687,141688],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[47,141690,141692],{"className":49,"code":141691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141693,141694,141706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141695,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141697,1466],{"class":62},[56,141699,67],{"class":66},[56,141701,191],{"class":180},[56,141703,571],{"class":184},[56,141705,1476],{"class":180},[56,141707,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141725,141727,141729],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141709,112],{"class":111},[56,141711,115],{"class":70},[56,141713,1481],{"class":101},[56,141715,98],{"class":70},[56,141717,141350],{"class":101},[56,141719,115],{"class":70},[56,141721,181],{"class":180},[56,141723,141724],{"class":184},"ban",[56,141726,181],{"class":180},[56,141728,5451],{"class":70},[56,141730,3754],{"class":123},[1030,141732,141733],{"id":36154},[15,141734,36154],{},[20,141736,141737],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[47,141739,141741],{"className":49,"code":141740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141742,141743,141755],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141744,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141746,1466],{"class":62},[56,141748,67],{"class":66},[56,141750,191],{"class":180},[56,141752,60482],{"class":184},[56,141754,1476],{"class":180},[56,141756,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141758,112],{"class":111},[56,141760,115],{"class":70},[56,141762,1481],{"class":101},[56,141764,98],{"class":70},[56,141766,141350],{"class":101},[56,141768,115],{"class":70},[56,141770,181],{"class":180},[56,141772,60667],{"class":184},[56,141774,181],{"class":180},[56,141776,78],{"class":70},[56,141778,37722],{"class":74},[56,141780,5451],{"class":70},[56,141782,3754],{"class":123},[1030,141784,141785],{"id":52742},[15,141786,52742],{},[20,141788,141789],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[47,141791,141793],{"className":49,"code":141792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141794,141795,141807],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141796,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141798,1466],{"class":62},[56,141800,67],{"class":66},[56,141802,191],{"class":180},[56,141804,60482],{"class":184},[56,141806,1476],{"class":180},[56,141808,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141810,112],{"class":111},[56,141812,115],{"class":70},[56,141814,1481],{"class":101},[56,141816,98],{"class":70},[56,141818,141350],{"class":101},[56,141820,115],{"class":70},[56,141822,181],{"class":180},[56,141824,141825],{"class":184},"wor",[56,141827,181],{"class":180},[56,141829,78],{"class":70},[56,141831,37722],{"class":74},[56,141833,78],{"class":70},[56,141835,54216],{"class":74},[56,141837,5451],{"class":70},[56,141839,3754],{"class":123},[1030,141841,141843],{"id":141842},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141845,141846,141848],{},[15,141847,141513],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[47,141850,141852],{"className":49,"code":141851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141853,141854,141867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141855,141856,141858,141860,141862,141865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141857,126357],{"class":62},[56,141859,67],{"class":66},[56,141861,191],{"class":180},[56,141863,141864],{"class":184},"img_001.png",[56,141866,1476],{"class":180},[56,141868,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141886,141888,141890,141892,141895,141897,141899],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141870,112],{"class":111},[56,141872,115],{"class":70},[56,141874,126375],{"class":101},[56,141876,98],{"class":70},[56,141878,141350],{"class":101},[56,141880,5600],{"class":70},[56,141882,181],{"class":180},[56,141884,141885],{"class":184},"img_",[56,141887,181],{"class":180},[56,141889,78],{"class":70},[56,141891,191],{"class":180},[56,141893,141894],{"class":184},"photo_",[56,141896,181],{"class":180},[56,141898,51172],{"class":70},[56,141900,3754],{"class":123},[42,141902,17500],{"id":17499},[20,141904,141905,141907],{},[15,141906,127642],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[143,141909,141910,141915],{},[146,141911,141912,141914],{},[15,141913,3698],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[146,141916,141917,126959],{},[15,141918,3764],{},[20,141920,141921,141922,7262],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141923,7087],{},[47,141925,141927],{"className":49,"code":141926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141928,141929,141943,141947,141968,141983,141989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141930,141931,141934,141936,141938,141941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141932,141933],{"class":62},"command ",[56,141935,67],{"class":66},[56,141937,191],{"class":180},[56,141939,141940],{"class":184},"\u002Fhelp",[56,141942,1476],{"class":180},[56,141944,141945],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,141946,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,141948,141949,141951,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,141950,7087],{"class":3965},[56,141952,141953],{"class":62}," command",[56,141955,98],{"class":70},[56,141957,141350],{"class":101},[56,141959,115],{"class":70},[56,141961,181],{"class":180},[56,141963,127166],{"class":184},[56,141965,181],{"class":180},[56,141967,8431],{"class":70},[56,141969,141970,141972,141974,141976,141979,141981],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,141971,8160],{"class":111},[56,141973,115],{"class":70},[56,141975,181],{"class":180},[56,141977,141978],{"class":184},"This looks like a command.",[56,141980,181],{"class":180},[56,141982,238],{"class":70},[56,141984,141985,141987],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,141986,27516],{"class":3965},[56,141988,6484],{"class":70},[56,141990,141991,141993,141995,141997,142000,142002],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,141992,8160],{"class":111},[56,141994,115],{"class":70},[56,141996,181],{"class":180},[56,141998,141999],{"class":184},"This is normal text.",[56,142001,181],{"class":180},[56,142003,238],{"class":70},[20,142005,241],{},[47,142007,142009],{"className":49,"code":142008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142010,142011],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142012,142013,142016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142014,142015],{"class":62},"This looks like a command",[56,142017,122306],{"class":70},[42,142019,1441,142021,1450,142023,4480,142025],{"id":142020},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142022,127642],{},[15,142024,36154],{},[15,142026,52742],{},[20,142028,2079,142029,4480,142031,142033],{},[15,142030,36154],{},[15,142032,52742],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[143,142035,142036,142041,142046],{},[146,142037,142038,142040],{},[15,142039,36154],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[146,142042,142043,142045],{},[15,142044,52742],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[146,142047,142048],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142050,163],{},[47,142052,142054],{"className":49,"code":142053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142055,142056,142068,142072,142101,142134],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142057,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142059,1466],{"class":62},[56,142061,67],{"class":66},[56,142063,191],{"class":180},[56,142065,139553],{"class":184},[56,142067,1476],{"class":180},[56,142069,142070],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142071,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142073,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142075,112],{"class":111},[56,142077,115],{"class":70},[56,142079,1481],{"class":101},[56,142081,98],{"class":70},[56,142083,141350],{"class":101},[56,142085,115],{"class":70},[56,142087,181],{"class":180},[56,142089,79190],{"class":184},[56,142091,181],{"class":180},[56,142093,78],{"class":70},[56,142095,2554],{"class":74},[56,142097,5451],{"class":70},[56,142099,142100],{"class":123},"        # True\n",[56,142102,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142130,142132],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142104,112],{"class":111},[56,142106,115],{"class":70},[56,142108,1481],{"class":101},[56,142110,98],{"class":70},[56,142112,141350],{"class":101},[56,142114,115],{"class":70},[56,142116,181],{"class":180},[56,142118,134160],{"class":184},[56,142120,181],{"class":180},[56,142122,78],{"class":70},[56,142124,6450],{"class":74},[56,142126,78],{"class":70},[56,142128,142129],{"class":74}," 13",[56,142131,5451],{"class":70},[56,142133,3754],{"class":123},[56,142135,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,142137,112],{"class":111},[56,142139,115],{"class":70},[56,142141,1481],{"class":101},[56,142143,98],{"class":70},[56,142145,141350],{"class":101},[56,142147,115],{"class":70},[56,142149,181],{"class":180},[56,142151,134160],{"class":184},[56,142153,181],{"class":180},[56,142155,78],{"class":70},[56,142157,6450],{"class":74},[56,142159,78],{"class":70},[56,142161,31025],{"class":74},[56,142163,5451],{"class":70},[56,142165,4859],{"class":123},[20,142167,142168,142169,142171],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142170,52742],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[42,142173,142175],{"id":142174},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142177,142178],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142180,142181,142182,49429],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142183,40917],{},[47,142185,142187],{"className":49,"code":142186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142188,142189,142203,142217,142231,142235,142259,142263,142284,142305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142190,142191,142194,142196,142198,142201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142192,142193],{"class":62},"filename1 ",[56,142195,67],{"class":66},[56,142197,191],{"class":180},[56,142199,142200],{"class":184},"img_101.jpg",[56,142202,1476],{"class":180},[56,142204,142205,142208,142210,142212,142215],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142206,142207],{"class":62},"filename2 ",[56,142209,67],{"class":66},[56,142211,191],{"class":180},[56,142213,142214],{"class":184},"photo_202.jpg",[56,142216,1476],{"class":180},[56,142218,142219,142222,142224,142226,142229],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142220,142221],{"class":62},"filename3 ",[56,142223,67],{"class":66},[56,142225,191],{"class":180},[56,142227,142228],{"class":184},"doc_303.jpg",[56,142230,1476],{"class":180},[56,142232,142233],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142234,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142236,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,142238,127569],{"class":62},[56,142240,67],{"class":66},[56,142242,9324],{"class":70},[56,142244,181],{"class":180},[56,142246,141885],{"class":184},[56,142248,181],{"class":180},[56,142250,78],{"class":70},[56,142252,191],{"class":180},[56,142254,141894],{"class":184},[56,142256,181],{"class":180},[56,142258,238],{"class":70},[56,142260,142261],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,142262,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142264,142265,142267,142269,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,142266,112],{"class":111},[56,142268,115],{"class":70},[56,142270,142271],{"class":101},"filename1",[56,142273,98],{"class":70},[56,142275,141350],{"class":101},[56,142277,115],{"class":70},[56,142279,127621],{"class":101},[56,142281,5451],{"class":70},[56,142283,3754],{"class":123},[56,142285,142286,142288,142290,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,142287,112],{"class":111},[56,142289,115],{"class":70},[56,142291,142292],{"class":101},"filename2",[56,142294,98],{"class":70},[56,142296,141350],{"class":101},[56,142298,115],{"class":70},[56,142300,127621],{"class":101},[56,142302,5451],{"class":70},[56,142304,3754],{"class":123},[56,142306,142307,142309,142311,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,142308,112],{"class":111},[56,142310,115],{"class":70},[56,142312,142313],{"class":101},"filename3",[56,142315,98],{"class":70},[56,142317,141350],{"class":101},[56,142319,115],{"class":70},[56,142321,127621],{"class":101},[56,142323,5451],{"class":70},[56,142325,4859],{"class":123},[20,142327,142328],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142330,1376,142331,142335],{},[36,142332,126274,142333,1384],{"href":129868},[15,142334,126332],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[42,142337,123921],{"id":123920},[20,142339,142340,123732],{},[15,142341,127642],{},[20,142343,127319,142344,4480,142347,127326],{},[15,142345,142346],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142348,142349],{},"\"python\"",[47,142351,142353],{"className":49,"code":142352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142354,142355,142367,142371,142395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142356,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142358,1466],{"class":62},[56,142360,67],{"class":66},[56,142362,191],{"class":180},[56,142364,7387],{"class":184},[56,142366,1476],{"class":180},[56,142368,142369],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142370,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142372,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142374,112],{"class":111},[56,142376,115],{"class":70},[56,142378,1481],{"class":101},[56,142380,98],{"class":70},[56,142382,141350],{"class":101},[56,142384,115],{"class":70},[56,142386,181],{"class":180},[56,142388,141461],{"class":184},[56,142390,181],{"class":180},[56,142392,5451],{"class":70},[56,142394,3754],{"class":123},[56,142396,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142398,112],{"class":111},[56,142400,115],{"class":70},[56,142402,1481],{"class":101},[56,142404,98],{"class":70},[56,142406,141350],{"class":101},[56,142408,115],{"class":70},[56,142410,181],{"class":180},[56,142412,128720],{"class":184},[56,142414,181],{"class":180},[56,142416,5451],{"class":70},[56,142418,4859],{"class":123},[20,142420,127411,142421,98],{},[36,142422,142423],{"href":124001},[15,142424,124004],{},[47,142426,142428],{"className":49,"code":142427,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142429,142430,142442,142446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142431,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142433,1466],{"class":62},[56,142435,67],{"class":66},[56,142437,191],{"class":180},[56,142439,7387],{"class":184},[56,142441,1476],{"class":180},[56,142443,142444],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142445,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142447,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142449,112],{"class":111},[56,142451,115],{"class":70},[56,142453,1481],{"class":101},[56,142455,98],{"class":70},[56,142457,8728],{"class":101},[56,142459,8725],{"class":70},[56,142461,141350],{"class":101},[56,142463,115],{"class":70},[56,142465,181],{"class":180},[56,142467,128720],{"class":184},[56,142469,181],{"class":180},[56,142471,5451],{"class":70},[56,142473,3754],{"class":123},[42,142475,1389,142477],{"id":142476},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142478,127642],{},[20,142480,142481,142483],{},[15,142482,127642],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142485,9462],{},[143,142487,142488,142491,142494,142503],{},[146,142489,142490],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[146,142492,142493],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[146,142495,142496,142497,2976,142500],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142498,142499],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142501,142502],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[146,142504,142505],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142507,163],{},[47,142509,142511],{"className":49,"code":142510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142512,142513,142526,142530,142559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142514,142515,142517,142519,142521,142524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142516,127137],{"class":62},[56,142518,67],{"class":66},[56,142520,191],{"class":180},[56,142522,142523],{"class":184},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[56,142525,1476],{"class":180},[56,142527,142528],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142529,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142531,142532,142534,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142533,7087],{"class":3965},[56,142535,142536],{"class":62}," url",[56,142538,98],{"class":70},[56,142540,141350],{"class":101},[56,142542,5600],{"class":70},[56,142544,181],{"class":180},[56,142546,142499],{"class":184},[56,142548,181],{"class":180},[56,142550,78],{"class":70},[56,142552,191],{"class":180},[56,142554,142502],{"class":184},[56,142556,181],{"class":180},[56,142558,69637],{"class":70},[56,142560,142561,142563,142565,142567,142570,142572],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142562,8160],{"class":111},[56,142564,115],{"class":70},[56,142566,181],{"class":180},[56,142568,142569],{"class":184},"This looks like a web URL.",[56,142571,181],{"class":180},[56,142573,238],{"class":70},[42,142575,1418],{"id":1417},[20,142577,23175,142578,98],{},[15,142579,127642],{},[1030,142581,138714],{"id":142582},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142584,142585,123732],{},[15,142586,127642],{},[47,142588,142590],{"className":49,"code":142589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142591,142592,142604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142593,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142595,1466],{"class":62},[56,142597,67],{"class":66},[56,142599,191],{"class":180},[56,142601,7387],{"class":184},[56,142603,1476],{"class":180},[56,142605,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142607,112],{"class":111},[56,142609,115],{"class":70},[56,142611,1481],{"class":101},[56,142613,98],{"class":70},[56,142615,141350],{"class":101},[56,142617,115],{"class":70},[56,142619,181],{"class":180},[56,142621,51],{"class":184},[56,142623,181],{"class":180},[56,142625,5451],{"class":70},[56,142627,4859],{"class":123},[20,142629,39341],{},[47,142631,142633],{"className":49,"code":142632,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142634,142635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142636,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142638,112],{"class":111},[56,142640,115],{"class":70},[56,142642,1481],{"class":101},[56,142644,98],{"class":70},[56,142646,8728],{"class":101},[56,142648,8725],{"class":70},[56,142650,141350],{"class":101},[56,142652,115],{"class":70},[56,142654,181],{"class":180},[56,142656,51],{"class":184},[56,142658,181],{"class":180},[56,142660,5451],{"class":70},[56,142662,3754],{"class":123},[1030,142664,29731,142666,137196],{"id":142665},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142667,127642],{},[20,142669,142670],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[47,142672,142674],{"className":49,"code":142673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142675,142676,142684,142688,142693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142677,142678,142680,142682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142679,2544],{"class":62},[56,142681,67],{"class":66},[56,142683,124956],{"class":74},[56,142685,142686],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142687,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142689,142690],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142691,142692],{"class":123},"# This will cause an error:\n",[56,142694,142695],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142696,142697],{"class":123},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142699,39341],{},[47,142701,142703],{"className":49,"code":142702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142704,142705,142719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142706,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142708,2544],{"class":62},[56,142710,67],{"class":66},[56,142712,48985],{"class":1545},[56,142714,115],{"class":70},[56,142716,50327],{"class":74},[56,142718,238],{"class":70},[56,142720,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142722,112],{"class":111},[56,142724,115],{"class":70},[56,142726,2570],{"class":101},[56,142728,98],{"class":70},[56,142730,141350],{"class":101},[56,142732,115],{"class":70},[56,142734,181],{"class":180},[56,142736,75],{"class":184},[56,142738,181],{"class":180},[56,142740,5451],{"class":70},[56,142742,3754],{"class":123},[1030,142744,1447,142746,1450,142748],{"id":142745},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142747,127642],{},[15,142749,3972],{},[20,142751,142752,142754],{},[15,142753,127642],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142756,142757,142758,142760,142761,98],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142759,3972],{}," or methods like ",[36,142762,142763],{"href":124284},[15,142764,124269],{},[47,142766,142768],{"className":49,"code":142767,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142769,142770,142782,142786,142810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142771,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142773,1466],{"class":62},[56,142775,67],{"class":66},[56,142777,191],{"class":180},[56,142779,60482],{"class":184},[56,142781,1476],{"class":180},[56,142783,142784],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142785,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142789,112],{"class":111},[56,142791,115],{"class":70},[56,142793,1481],{"class":101},[56,142795,98],{"class":70},[56,142797,141350],{"class":101},[56,142799,115],{"class":70},[56,142801,181],{"class":180},[56,142803,60667],{"class":184},[56,142805,181],{"class":180},[56,142807,5451],{"class":70},[56,142809,4859],{"class":123},[56,142811,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,142813,112],{"class":111},[56,142815,115],{"class":70},[56,142817,181],{"class":180},[56,142819,60667],{"class":184},[56,142821,181],{"class":180},[56,142823,21254],{"class":3965},[56,142825,42921],{"class":101},[56,142827,120],{"class":70},[56,142829,142830],{"class":123},"           # True\n",[20,142832,135748,142833,98],{},[36,142834,127310],{"href":123529},[1030,142836,4792,142838,4480,142840,142842],{"id":142837},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142839,36154],{},[15,142841,52742],{}," use index positions",[20,142844,142845,142846,98],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142847,2218],{},[47,142849,142851],{"className":49,"code":142850,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142852,142853,142866,142870],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142854,142855,142857,142859,142861,142864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142856,1466],{"class":62},[56,142858,67],{"class":66},[56,142860,191],{"class":180},[56,142862,142863],{"class":184},"abcdef",[56,142865,1476],{"class":180},[56,142867,142868],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142869,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,142871,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,142873,112],{"class":111},[56,142875,115],{"class":70},[56,142877,1481],{"class":101},[56,142879,98],{"class":70},[56,142881,141350],{"class":101},[56,142883,115],{"class":70},[56,142885,181],{"class":180},[56,142887,142888],{"class":184},"cd",[56,142890,181],{"class":180},[56,142892,78],{"class":70},[56,142894,81],{"class":74},[56,142896,5451],{"class":70},[56,142898,3754],{"class":123},[1030,142900,142902],{"id":142901},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142904,142905],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142907,16724],{},[47,142909,142911],{"className":49,"code":142910,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142912,142913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142914,142915],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142916,142910],{"class":123},[20,142918,16736],{},[47,142920,142922],{"className":49,"code":142921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142923,142924,142936],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142925,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142927,1466],{"class":62},[56,142929,67],{"class":66},[56,142931,191],{"class":180},[56,142933,7387],{"class":184},[56,142935,1476],{"class":180},[56,142937,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142963,142965,142967],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142939,112],{"class":111},[56,142941,115],{"class":70},[56,142943,1481],{"class":101},[56,142945,98],{"class":70},[56,142947,141350],{"class":101},[56,142949,5600],{"class":70},[56,142951,181],{"class":180},[56,142953,141461],{"class":184},[56,142955,181],{"class":180},[56,142957,78],{"class":70},[56,142959,191],{"class":180},[56,142961,142962],{"class":184},"Ja",[56,142964,181],{"class":180},[56,142966,51172],{"class":70},[56,142968,3754],{"class":123},[20,142970,32165],{},[47,142972,142974],{"className":49,"code":142973,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142975,142976,142986,143000,143022,143048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142977,142978,142980,142982,142984],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142979,112],{"class":111},[56,142981,115],{"class":70},[56,142983,1481],{"class":101},[56,142985,238],{"class":70},[56,142987,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,142989,112],{"class":111},[56,142991,115],{"class":70},[56,142993,1546],{"class":1545},[56,142995,115],{"class":70},[56,142997,1481],{"class":101},[56,142999,1553],{"class":70},[56,143001,143002,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143003,112],{"class":111},[56,143005,115],{"class":70},[56,143007,1481],{"class":101},[56,143009,98],{"class":70},[56,143011,141350],{"class":101},[56,143013,115],{"class":70},[56,143015,181],{"class":180},[56,143017,141461],{"class":184},[56,143019,181],{"class":180},[56,143021,1553],{"class":70},[56,143023,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,143025,112],{"class":111},[56,143027,115],{"class":70},[56,143029,1481],{"class":101},[56,143031,98],{"class":70},[56,143033,8728],{"class":101},[56,143035,8725],{"class":70},[56,143037,141350],{"class":101},[56,143039,115],{"class":70},[56,143041,181],{"class":180},[56,143043,128720],{"class":184},[56,143045,181],{"class":180},[56,143047,1553],{"class":70},[56,143049,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,143051,112],{"class":111},[56,143053,115],{"class":70},[56,143055,1481],{"class":101},[56,143057,98],{"class":70},[56,143059,141350],{"class":101},[56,143061,5600],{"class":70},[56,143063,181],{"class":180},[56,143065,141461],{"class":184},[56,143067,181],{"class":180},[56,143069,78],{"class":70},[56,143071,191],{"class":180},[56,143073,142962],{"class":184},[56,143075,181],{"class":180},[56,143077,3010],{"class":70},[42,143079,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,143081,1892,143083,128120],{"id":143082},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143084,127642],{},[20,143086,143087,143088,2976,143090,98],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143089,3698],{},[15,143091,3764],{},[1030,143093,5258,143095,143097],{"id":143094},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143096,127642],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143099,143100],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[47,143102,143104],{"className":49,"code":143103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143105,143106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143107,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143109,1481],{"class":62},[56,143111,98],{"class":70},[56,143113,141350],{"class":101},[56,143115,5600],{"class":70},[56,143117,181],{"class":180},[56,143119,36],{"class":184},[56,143121,181],{"class":180},[56,143123,78],{"class":70},[56,143125,191],{"class":180},[56,143127,194],{"class":184},[56,143129,181],{"class":180},[56,143131,1553],{"class":70},[1030,143133,14982,143135,124610],{"id":143134},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143136,127642],{},[20,143138,129803],{},[1030,143140,5268,143142,4480,143144,1911],{"id":143141},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143143,127642],{},[15,143145,3972],{},[20,143147,143148,143150,143151,143153],{},[15,143149,127642],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143152,3972],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1030,143155,1925,143157,4480,143159,1450,143161,1911],{"id":143156},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143158,36154],{},[15,143160,52742],{},[15,143162,127642],{},[20,143164,143165],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[42,143167,1996],{"id":1995},[143,143169,143170,143176,143182,143188,143192],{},[146,143171,143172],{},[36,143173,126274,143174,1384],{"href":129868},[15,143175,126332],{},[146,143177,143178],{},[36,143179,126274,143180,1384],{"href":124284},[15,143181,124269],{},[146,143183,143184],{},[36,143185,126274,143186,1384],{"href":124001},[15,143187,124004],{},[146,143189,143190],{},[36,143191,124673],{"href":123529},[146,143193,143194],{},[36,143195,125029],{"href":51056},[2028,143197,143198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":143200},[143201,143203,143204,143210,143211,143213,143214,143215,143217,143227,143239],{"id":141396,"depth":92,"text":143202},"What startswith() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":141675,"depth":92,"text":141676,"children":143205},[143206,143207,143208,143209],{"id":141513,"depth":108,"text":141513},{"id":36154,"depth":108,"text":36154},{"id":52742,"depth":108,"text":52742},{"id":141842,"depth":108,"text":141843},{"id":17499,"depth":92,"text":17500},{"id":142020,"depth":92,"text":143212},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142174,"depth":92,"text":142175},{"id":123920,"depth":92,"text":123921},{"id":142476,"depth":92,"text":143216},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":143218},[143219,143220,143222,143224,143226],{"id":142582,"depth":108,"text":138714},{"id":142665,"depth":108,"text":143221},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142745,"depth":108,"text":143223},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142837,"depth":108,"text":143225},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142901,"depth":108,"text":142902},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":143228},[143229,143231,143233,143235,143237],{"id":143082,"depth":108,"text":143230},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143094,"depth":108,"text":143232},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143134,"depth":108,"text":143234},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143141,"depth":108,"text":143236},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143156,"depth":108,"text":143238},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141296,"description":143240},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143247,"title":143248,"body":143249,"description":144703,"extension":2062,"meta":144704,"navigation":600,"path":144705,"seo":144706,"stem":144707,"__hash__":144708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143250,"toc":144673},[143251,143256,143261,143264,143266,143310,143312,143320,143325,143330,143335,143337,143355,143357,143403,143405,143419,143428,143432,143434,143436,143448,143453,143456,143488,143490,143499,143504,143507,143548,143550,143558,143560,143573,143579,143583,143586,143602,143604,143653,143655,143664,143667,143726,143728,143737,143744,143747,143800,143802,143826,143833,143839,143843,143849,143852,143863,143865,143905,143907,143915,143917,143957,143959,143968,143970,143988,143991,143998,144009,144012,144029,144031,144108,144110,144141,144144,144146,144149,144175,144177,144217,144219,144228,144238,144246,144254,144259,144264,144266,144280,144282,144333,144335,144344,144354,144356,144358,144380,144383,144462,144464,144500,144503,144578,144583,144585,144591,144596,144601,144604,144610,144613,144620,144628,144632,144640,144642,144670],[10,143252,123274,143254,18],{"id":143253},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143255,41733],{},[20,143257,32400,143258,143260],{},[15,143259,41733],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143262,143263],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[42,143265,45],{"id":44},[47,143267,143269],{"className":49,"code":143268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143270,143271,143284,143299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143272,143273,143275,143277,143279,143282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143274,1466],{"class":62},[56,143276,67],{"class":66},[56,143278,191],{"class":180},[56,143280,143281],{"class":184},"  hello  ",[56,143283,1476],{"class":180},[56,143285,143286,143289,143291,143293,143295,143297],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143287,143288],{"class":62},"clean_text ",[56,143290,67],{"class":66},[56,143292,42921],{"class":62},[56,143294,98],{"class":70},[56,143296,8722],{"class":101},[56,143298,105],{"class":70},[56,143300,143301,143303,143305,143308],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143302,112],{"class":111},[56,143304,115],{"class":70},[56,143306,143307],{"class":101},"clean_text",[56,143309,238],{"class":70},[20,143311,241],{},[47,143313,143314],{"className":49,"code":138589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,143315,143316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143317,143318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143319,138589],{"class":62},[20,143321,650,143322,143324],{},[15,143323,41733],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[42,143326,133,143328,136],{"id":143327},"what-strip-does",[15,143329,41733],{},[20,143331,143332,143334],{},[15,143333,41733],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143336,311],{},[143,143338,143339,143343,143346,143349,143352],{},[146,143340,143341,131624],{},[15,143342,41733],{},[146,143344,143345],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[146,143347,143348],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[146,143350,143351],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[146,143353,143354],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143356,163],{},[47,143358,143360],{"className":49,"code":143359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143361,143362,143375,143379,143393],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143363,143364,143366,143368,143370,143373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143365,1466],{"class":62},[56,143367,67],{"class":66},[56,143369,191],{"class":180},[56,143371,143372],{"class":184},"  hello world  ",[56,143374,1476],{"class":180},[56,143376,143377],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143378,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,143380,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143382,112],{"class":111},[56,143384,115],{"class":70},[56,143386,1481],{"class":101},[56,143388,98],{"class":70},[56,143390,8722],{"class":101},[56,143392,7284],{"class":70},[56,143394,143395,143397,143399,143401],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,143396,112],{"class":111},[56,143398,115],{"class":70},[56,143400,1481],{"class":101},[56,143402,238],{"class":70},[20,143404,241],{},[47,143406,143408],{"className":49,"code":143407,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143409,143410,143414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143411,143412],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143413,134290],{"class":62},[56,143415,143416],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143417,143418],{"class":62},"  hello world\n",[20,143420,143421,143422,143424,143425,143427],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143423,41733],{},", but the original ",[15,143426,1481],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143429,125026,143430,98],{},[36,143431,125029],{"href":51056},[42,143433,289],{"id":288},[20,143435,26569],{},[143,143437,143438,143443],{},[146,143439,143440],{},[15,143441,143442],{},"string.strip()",[146,143444,143445],{},[15,143446,143447],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1030,143449,143451],{"id":143450},"stringstrip",[15,143452,143442],{},[20,143454,143455],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[47,143457,143459],{"className":49,"code":143458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143460,143461,143474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143462,143463,143465,143467,143469,143472],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143464,7967],{"class":62},[56,143466,67],{"class":66},[56,143468,191],{"class":180},[56,143470,143471],{"class":184},"  Alice  ",[56,143473,1476],{"class":180},[56,143475,143476,143478,143480,143482,143484,143486],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143477,112],{"class":111},[56,143479,115],{"class":70},[56,143481,7759],{"class":101},[56,143483,98],{"class":70},[56,143485,8722],{"class":101},[56,143487,7284],{"class":70},[20,143489,241],{},[47,143491,143493],{"className":49,"code":143492,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Alice\n",[15,143494,143495],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143496,143497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143498,143492],{"class":62},[1030,143500,143502],{"id":143501},"stringstripchars",[15,143503,143447],{},[20,143505,143506],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[47,143508,143510],{"className":49,"code":143509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143511,143512,143525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143513,143514,143516,143518,143520,143523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143515,1466],{"class":62},[56,143517,67],{"class":66},[56,143519,191],{"class":180},[56,143521,143522],{"class":184},"!!hello??",[56,143524,1476],{"class":180},[56,143526,143527,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541,143544,143546],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143528,112],{"class":111},[56,143530,115],{"class":70},[56,143532,1481],{"class":101},[56,143534,98],{"class":70},[56,143536,8722],{"class":101},[56,143538,115],{"class":70},[56,143540,181],{"class":180},[56,143542,143543],{"class":184},"!?",[56,143545,181],{"class":180},[56,143547,1553],{"class":70},[20,143549,241],{},[47,143551,143552],{"className":49,"code":138589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,143553,143554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143555,143556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143557,138589],{"class":62},[20,143559,83740],{},[143,143561,143562,143567],{},[146,143563,143564,143566],{},[15,143565,134533],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[146,143568,143569,143570,143572],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143571,134533],{}," does not matter",[42,143574,143576,143577],{"id":143575},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143578,41733],{},[20,143580,30967,143581,98],{},[15,143582,41733],{},[20,143584,143585],{},"It is useful for:",[143,143587,143588,143593,143596,143599],{},[146,143589,143590,143591,3975],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143592,3056],{},[146,143594,143595],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[146,143597,143598],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[146,143600,143601],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143603,48442],{},[47,143605,143607],{"className":49,"code":143606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143608,143609,143622,143638,143642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143610,143611,143613,143615,143617,143620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143612,8052],{"class":62},[56,143614,67],{"class":66},[56,143616,191],{"class":180},[56,143618,143619],{"class":184},"  sam  ",[56,143621,1476],{"class":180},[56,143623,143624,143627,143629,143632,143634,143636],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143625,143626],{"class":62},"clean_username ",[56,143628,67],{"class":66},[56,143630,143631],{"class":62}," username",[56,143633,98],{"class":70},[56,143635,8722],{"class":101},[56,143637,105],{"class":70},[56,143639,143640],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143641,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,143643,143644,143646,143648,143651],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,143645,112],{"class":111},[56,143647,115],{"class":70},[56,143649,143650],{"class":101},"clean_username",[56,143652,238],{"class":70},[20,143654,241],{},[47,143656,143658],{"className":49,"code":143657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sam\n",[15,143659,143660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143661,143662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143663,143657],{"class":62},[20,143665,143666],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[47,143668,143670],{"className":49,"code":143669,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143671,143672,143685,143689,143711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143673,143674,143676,143678,143680,143683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143675,136517],{"class":62},[56,143677,67],{"class":66},[56,143679,191],{"class":180},[56,143681,143682],{"class":184}," yes  ",[56,143684,1476],{"class":180},[56,143686,143687],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143688,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,143690,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703,143705,143707,143709],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143692,7087],{"class":3965},[56,143694,136537],{"class":62},[56,143696,98],{"class":70},[56,143698,8722],{"class":101},[56,143700,7456],{"class":70},[56,143702,6499],{"class":66},[56,143704,191],{"class":180},[56,143706,8745],{"class":184},[56,143708,181],{"class":180},[56,143710,6484],{"class":70},[56,143712,143713,143715,143717,143719,143722,143724],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,143714,8160],{"class":111},[56,143716,115],{"class":70},[56,143718,181],{"class":180},[56,143720,143721],{"class":184},"Matched",[56,143723,181],{"class":180},[56,143725,238],{"class":70},[20,143727,241],{},[47,143729,143731],{"className":49,"code":143730,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Matched\n",[15,143732,143733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143734,143735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143736,143730],{"class":62},[20,143738,143739,143740,98],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[36,143741,143743],{"href":143742},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143745,143746],{},"Example with file-style text:",[47,143748,143750],{"className":49,"code":143749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143751,143752,143768,143782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143753,143754,143757,143759,143761,143764,143766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143755,143756],{"class":62},"line ",[56,143758,67],{"class":66},[56,143760,191],{"class":180},[56,143762,143763],{"class":184},"Python basics",[56,143765,87072],{"class":34534},[56,143767,1476],{"class":180},[56,143769,143770,143772,143774,143776,143778,143780],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143771,112],{"class":111},[56,143773,115],{"class":70},[56,143775,41859],{"class":111},[56,143777,115],{"class":70},[56,143779,58],{"class":101},[56,143781,1553],{"class":70},[56,143783,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792,143794,143796,143798],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,143785,112],{"class":111},[56,143787,115],{"class":70},[56,143789,41859],{"class":111},[56,143791,115],{"class":70},[56,143793,58],{"class":101},[56,143795,98],{"class":70},[56,143797,8722],{"class":101},[56,143799,6380],{"class":70},[20,143801,241],{},[47,143803,143805],{"className":49,"code":143804,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143806,143807,143818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143808,143809,143811,143813,143816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143810,254],{"class":43408},[56,143812,143763],{"class":43412},[56,143814,87072],{"class":143815},"sfi6f",[56,143817,29781],{"class":43408},[56,143819,143820,143822,143824],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143821,254],{"class":43408},[56,143823,143763],{"class":43412},[56,143825,29781],{"class":43408},[20,143827,1441,143828,143830,143831,98],{},[15,143829,122488],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143832,87072],{},[20,143834,143835,143836,98],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[36,143837,143838],{"href":87725},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[42,143840,143842],{"id":143841},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143844,143845,143846,98],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143847,143848],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143850,143851],{},"Python will:",[143,143853,143854,143857,143860],{},[146,143855,143856],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[146,143858,143859],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[146,143861,143862],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143864,163],{},[47,143866,143868],{"className":49,"code":143867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143869,143870,143883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143871,143872,143874,143876,143878,143881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143873,1466],{"class":62},[56,143875,67],{"class":66},[56,143877,191],{"class":180},[56,143879,143880],{"class":184},"??hello!!",[56,143882,1476],{"class":180},[56,143884,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143886,112],{"class":111},[56,143888,115],{"class":70},[56,143890,1481],{"class":101},[56,143892,98],{"class":70},[56,143894,8722],{"class":101},[56,143896,115],{"class":70},[56,143898,181],{"class":180},[56,143900,143543],{"class":184},[56,143902,181],{"class":180},[56,143904,1553],{"class":70},[20,143906,241],{},[47,143908,143909],{"className":49,"code":138589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,143910,143911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143912,143913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143914,138589],{"class":62},[20,143916,52161],{},[47,143918,143920],{"className":49,"code":143919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143921,143922,143935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143923,143924,143926,143928,143930,143933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143925,1466],{"class":62},[56,143927,67],{"class":66},[56,143929,191],{"class":180},[56,143931,143932],{"class":184},"abcHelloCba",[56,143934,1476],{"class":180},[56,143936,143937,143939,143941,143943,143945,143947,143949,143951,143953,143955],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,143938,112],{"class":111},[56,143940,115],{"class":70},[56,143942,1481],{"class":101},[56,143944,98],{"class":70},[56,143946,8722],{"class":101},[56,143948,115],{"class":70},[56,143950,181],{"class":180},[56,143952,41640],{"class":184},[56,143954,181],{"class":180},[56,143956,1553],{"class":70},[20,143958,241],{},[47,143960,143962],{"className":49,"code":143961,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloC\n",[15,143963,143964],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143965,143966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143967,143961],{"class":62},[20,143969,6325],{},[20,143971,143972,14132,143975,143977,143978,143980,143981,2287,143983,2291,143985,143987],{},[15,143973,143974],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[540,143976,931],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143979,41640],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143982,36],{},[15,143984,194],{},[15,143986,203],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143989,143990],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143992,143993,143994,6720],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[36,143995,143996],{"href":129855},[15,143997,124445],{},[42,143999,144001,1021,144003,1021,144006],{"id":144000},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144002,41733],{},[15,144004,144005],{},"lstrip()",[15,144007,144008],{},"rstrip()",[20,144010,144011],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[143,144013,144014,144019,144024],{},[146,144015,144016,144018],{},[15,144017,41733],{}," removes from both ends",[146,144020,144021,144023],{},[15,144022,144005],{}," removes from the left side only",[146,144025,144026,144028],{},[15,144027,144008],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144030,163],{},[47,144032,144034],{"className":49,"code":144033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144035,144036,144048,144052,144070,144089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144037,144038,144040,144042,144044,144046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144039,1466],{"class":62},[56,144041,67],{"class":66},[56,144043,191],{"class":180},[56,144045,143281],{"class":184},[56,144047,1476],{"class":180},[56,144049,144050],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144051,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144055,112],{"class":111},[56,144057,115],{"class":70},[56,144059,41859],{"class":111},[56,144061,115],{"class":70},[56,144063,1481],{"class":101},[56,144065,98],{"class":70},[56,144067,8722],{"class":101},[56,144069,6380],{"class":70},[56,144071,144072,144074,144076,144078,144080,144082,144084,144087],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144073,112],{"class":111},[56,144075,115],{"class":70},[56,144077,41859],{"class":111},[56,144079,115],{"class":70},[56,144081,1481],{"class":101},[56,144083,98],{"class":70},[56,144085,144086],{"class":101},"lstrip",[56,144088,6380],{"class":70},[56,144090,144091,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103,144106],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,144092,112],{"class":111},[56,144094,115],{"class":70},[56,144096,41859],{"class":111},[56,144098,115],{"class":70},[56,144100,1481],{"class":101},[56,144102,98],{"class":70},[56,144104,144105],{"class":101},"rstrip",[56,144107,6380],{"class":70},[20,144109,241],{},[47,144111,144113],{"className":49,"code":144112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144114,144115,144123,144132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144116,144117,144119,144121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144118,254],{"class":43408},[56,144120,1473],{"class":43412},[56,144122,29781],{"class":43408},[56,144124,144125,144127,144130],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144126,254],{"class":43408},[56,144128,144129],{"class":43412},"hello  ",[56,144131,29781],{"class":43408},[56,144133,144134,144136,144139],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144135,254],{"class":43408},[56,144137,144138],{"class":43412},"  hello",[56,144140,29781],{"class":43408},[20,144142,144143],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[42,144145,108282],{"id":108281},[20,144147,144148],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[143,144150,144151,144159,144169,144172],{},[146,144152,144153,144155,144156,144158],{},[15,144154,143974],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144157,41609],{}," once",[146,144160,144161,144162,2287,144164,2291,144166,144168],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144163,36],{},[15,144165,194],{},[15,144167,203],{}," from both ends",[146,144170,144171],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[146,144173,144174],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144176,163],{},[47,144178,144180],{"className":49,"code":144179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144181,144182,144195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144183,144184,144186,144188,144190,144193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144185,126357],{"class":62},[56,144187,67],{"class":66},[56,144189,191],{"class":180},[56,144191,144192],{"class":184},"txt_report.txt",[56,144194,1476],{"class":180},[56,144196,144197,144199,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213,144215],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144198,112],{"class":111},[56,144200,115],{"class":70},[56,144202,126375],{"class":101},[56,144204,98],{"class":70},[56,144206,8722],{"class":101},[56,144208,115],{"class":70},[56,144210,181],{"class":180},[56,144212,126410],{"class":184},[56,144214,181],{"class":180},[56,144216,1553],{"class":70},[20,144218,241],{},[47,144220,144222],{"className":49,"code":144221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"_report\n",[15,144223,144224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144225,144226],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144227,144221],{"class":62},[20,144229,144230,144231,2287,144233,2291,144235,144237],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144232,98],{},[15,144234,63361],{},[15,144236,2271],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144239,935,144240,4871,144243,144245],{},[15,144241,144242],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[540,144244,931],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144247,144248,144249,144253],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[36,144250,144251],{"href":129855},[15,144252,124445],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[42,144255,1389,144257],{"id":144256},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144258,41733],{},[20,144260,650,144261,144263],{},[15,144262,41733],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144265,36504],{},[143,144267,144268,144272,144274,144277],{},[146,144269,143590,144270,3975],{},[15,144271,3056],{},[146,144273,143595],{},[146,144275,144276],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[146,144278,144279],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144281,163],{},[47,144283,144285],{"className":49,"code":144284,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144286,144287,144301,144305,144318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144288,144289,144292,144294,144296,144299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144290,144291],{"class":62},"email ",[56,144293,67],{"class":66},[56,144295,191],{"class":180},[56,144297,144298],{"class":184},"  user@example.com  ",[56,144300,1476],{"class":180},[56,144302,144303],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144304,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,144306,144307,144309,144312,144314,144316],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144308,7087],{"class":3965},[56,144310,144311],{"class":62}," email",[56,144313,98],{"class":70},[56,144315,8722],{"class":101},[56,144317,21676],{"class":70},[56,144319,144320,144322,144324,144326,144329,144331],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144321,8160],{"class":111},[56,144323,115],{"class":70},[56,144325,181],{"class":180},[56,144327,144328],{"class":184},"Email was entered",[56,144330,181],{"class":180},[56,144332,238],{"class":70},[20,144334,241],{},[47,144336,144338],{"className":49,"code":144337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Email was entered\n",[15,144339,144340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144341,144342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144343,144337],{"class":62},[20,144345,144346,144347,144349,144350,98],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144348,41733],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[36,144351,144352],{"href":124001},[15,144353,124004],{},[42,144355,1418],{"id":1417},[20,144357,84159],{},[143,144359,144360,144364,144369,144374],{},[146,144361,1435,144362,131494],{},[15,144363,41733],{},[146,144365,1435,144366,144368],{},[15,144367,41733],{}," to remove text from the middle",[146,144370,1441,144371,144373],{},[15,144372,144242],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[146,144375,4792,144376,144379],{},[15,144377,144378],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144381,144382],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[47,144384,144386],{"className":49,"code":144385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144387,144388,144402,144406,144416,144430,144444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144389,144390,144392,144394,144396,144398,144400],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144391,1466],{"class":62},[56,144393,67],{"class":66},[56,144395,191],{"class":180},[56,144397,144138],{"class":184},[56,144399,87072],{"class":34534},[56,144401,1476],{"class":180},[56,144403,144404],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144405,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,144407,144408,144410,144412,144414],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144409,112],{"class":111},[56,144411,115],{"class":70},[56,144413,1481],{"class":101},[56,144415,238],{"class":70},[56,144417,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144419,112],{"class":111},[56,144421,115],{"class":70},[56,144423,41859],{"class":111},[56,144425,115],{"class":70},[56,144427,1481],{"class":101},[56,144429,1553],{"class":70},[56,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,144433,112],{"class":111},[56,144435,115],{"class":70},[56,144437,1481],{"class":101},[56,144439,98],{"class":70},[56,144441,8722],{"class":101},[56,144443,7284],{"class":70},[56,144445,144446,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,144447,112],{"class":111},[56,144449,115],{"class":70},[56,144451,41859],{"class":111},[56,144453,115],{"class":70},[56,144455,1481],{"class":101},[56,144457,98],{"class":70},[56,144459,8722],{"class":101},[56,144461,6380],{"class":70},[20,144463,241],{},[47,144465,144467],{"className":49,"code":144466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144468,144469,144474,144478,144488,144492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144470,144471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144472,144473],{"class":62},"  hello\n",[56,144475,144476],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144477,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,144479,144480,144482,144484,144486],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144481,254],{"class":43408},[56,144483,144138],{"class":43412},[56,144485,87072],{"class":143815},[56,144487,29781],{"class":43408},[56,144489,144490],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144491,138589],{"class":62},[56,144493,144494,144496,144498],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,144495,254],{"class":43408},[56,144497,1473],{"class":43412},[56,144499,29781],{"class":43408},[20,144501,144502],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[47,144504,144506],{"className":49,"code":144505,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144507,144508,144518,144532,144546,144564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144509,144510,144512,144514,144516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144511,112],{"class":111},[56,144513,115],{"class":70},[56,144515,1481],{"class":101},[56,144517,238],{"class":70},[56,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144521,112],{"class":111},[56,144523,115],{"class":70},[56,144525,41859],{"class":111},[56,144527,115],{"class":70},[56,144529,1481],{"class":101},[56,144531,1553],{"class":70},[56,144533,144534,144536,144538,144540,144542,144544],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144535,112],{"class":111},[56,144537,115],{"class":70},[56,144539,1481],{"class":101},[56,144541,98],{"class":70},[56,144543,8722],{"class":101},[56,144545,7284],{"class":70},[56,144547,144548,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144549,112],{"class":111},[56,144551,115],{"class":70},[56,144553,41859],{"class":111},[56,144555,115],{"class":70},[56,144557,1481],{"class":101},[56,144559,98],{"class":70},[56,144561,8722],{"class":101},[56,144563,6380],{"class":70},[56,144565,144566,144568,144570,144572,144574,144576],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,144567,32235],{"class":111},[56,144569,115],{"class":70},[56,144571,3538],{"class":1545},[56,144573,98],{"class":70},[56,144575,8722],{"class":24831},[56,144577,238],{"class":70},[20,144579,144580,144582],{},[15,144581,122488],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[42,144584,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,144586,1892,144588,144590],{"id":144587},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144589,41733],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144592,1931,144593,144595],{},[15,144594,41733],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1030,144597,1892,144599,124601],{"id":144598},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144600,41733],{},[20,144602,144603],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1030,144605,5230,144607,144609],{"id":144606},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144608,41733],{}," remove by default?",[20,144611,144612],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1030,144614,1904,144616,1907,144618,1911],{"id":144615},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144617,41733],{},[15,144619,124445],{},[20,144621,144622,144624,144625,144627],{},[15,144623,41733],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144626,124445],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1030,144629,144631],{"id":144630},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144633,128147,144634,144636,144637,144639],{},[15,144635,144005],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144638,144008],{}," for the right side.",[42,144641,1996],{"id":1995},[143,144643,144644,144650,144656,144661,144666],{},[146,144645,144646],{},[36,144647,126274,144648,1384],{"href":124001},[15,144649,124004],{},[146,144651,144652],{},[36,144653,126274,144654,1384],{"href":129855},[15,144655,124445],{},[146,144657,144658],{},[36,144659,144660],{"href":143742},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[146,144662,144663],{},[36,144664,144665],{"href":87725},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[146,144667,144668],{},[36,144669,125029],{"href":51056},[2028,144671,144672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":144674},[144675,144676,144678,144682,144684,144685,144687,144688,144690,144691,144702],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":143327,"depth":92,"text":144677},"What strip() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":144679},[144680,144681],{"id":143450,"depth":108,"text":143442},{"id":143501,"depth":108,"text":143447},{"id":143575,"depth":92,"text":144683},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143841,"depth":92,"text":143842},{"id":144000,"depth":92,"text":144686},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108281,"depth":92,"text":108282},{"id":144256,"depth":92,"text":144689},"When to use strip()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":144692},[144693,144695,144697,144699,144701],{"id":144587,"depth":108,"text":144694},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144598,"depth":108,"text":144696},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144606,"depth":108,"text":144698},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144615,"depth":108,"text":144700},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144630,"depth":108,"text":144631},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143248,"description":144703},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144710,"title":144711,"body":144712,"description":145892,"extension":2062,"meta":145893,"navigation":600,"path":145894,"seo":145895,"stem":145896,"__hash__":145897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144713,"toc":145862},[144714,144719,144724,144729,144731,144777,144785,144790,144804,144810,144812,144814,144829,144831,144841,144844,144875,144878,144901,144903,144906,144963,144965,144979,144981,144995,145001,145006,145009,145050,145052,145061,145069,145072,145117,145119,145128,145131,145135,145140,145154,145156,145188,145190,145210,145213,145218,145223,145225,145236,145239,145296,145298,145306,145315,145317,145319,145325,145327,145364,145366,145374,145376,145417,145419,145428,145433,145438,145440,145467,145474,145477,145508,145510,145519,145525,145534,145565,145567,145579,145592,145596,145601,145631,145633,145700,145702,145712,145714,145719,145722,145727,145732,145736,145742,145748,145751,145753,145811,145813,145821,145823,145859],[10,144715,123274,144717,18],{"id":144716},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144718,128152],{},[20,144720,123279,144721,144723],{},[15,144722,128152],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144725,84536,144726,144728],{},[15,144727,128152],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[42,144730,2104],{"id":2103},[47,144732,144734],{"className":49,"code":144733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144735,144736,144748,144762,144772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144737,144738,144740,144742,144744,144746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144739,1466],{"class":62},[56,144741,67],{"class":66},[56,144743,191],{"class":180},[56,144745,128993],{"class":184},[56,144747,1476],{"class":180},[56,144749,144750,144752,144754,144756,144758,144760],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144751,1156],{"class":62},[56,144753,67],{"class":66},[56,144755,42921],{"class":62},[56,144757,98],{"class":70},[56,144759,34559],{"class":101},[56,144761,105],{"class":70},[56,144763,144764,144766,144768,144770],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144765,112],{"class":111},[56,144767,115],{"class":70},[56,144769,1190],{"class":101},[56,144771,238],{"class":70},[56,144773,144774],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144775,144776],{"class":123},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144778,144779,144781,144782,144784],{},[15,144780,128152],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[540,144783,931],{}," change the original string in place.",[42,144786,133,144788,136],{"id":144787},"what-upper-does",[15,144789,128152],{},[143,144791,144792,144797,144800,144802],{},[146,144793,144794,144796],{},[15,144795,128152],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[146,144798,144799],{},"It works on string values only",[146,144801,133522],{},[146,144803,136240],{},[20,144805,125026,144806,2976,144808,98],{},[36,144807,136246],{"href":136245},[36,144809,125029],{"href":51056},[42,144811,289],{"id":288},[20,144813,292],{},[47,144815,144817],{"className":49,"code":144816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.upper()\n",[15,144818,144819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144820,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144822,61250],{"class":62},[56,144824,98],{"class":70},[56,144826,34559],{"class":101},[56,144828,105],{"class":70},[20,144830,11546],{},[143,144832,144833,144835,144838],{},[146,144834,97447],{},[146,144836,144837],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[146,144839,144840],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144842,144843],{},"Example with a variable:",[47,144845,144847],{"className":49,"code":144846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144848,144849,144861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144850,144851,144853,144855,144857,144859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144852,7967],{"class":62},[56,144854,67],{"class":66},[56,144856,191],{"class":180},[56,144858,51],{"class":184},[56,144860,1476],{"class":180},[56,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871,144873],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144864,112],{"class":111},[56,144866,115],{"class":70},[56,144868,7759],{"class":101},[56,144870,98],{"class":70},[56,144872,34559],{"class":101},[56,144874,7284],{"class":70},[20,144876,144877],{},"Example with a string literal:",[47,144879,144881],{"className":49,"code":144880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144882,144883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144884,144885,144887,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144886,112],{"class":111},[56,144888,115],{"class":70},[56,144890,181],{"class":180},[56,144892,1473],{"class":184},[56,144894,181],{"class":180},[56,144896,98],{"class":70},[56,144898,34559],{"class":101},[56,144900,7284],{"class":70},[42,144902,425],{"id":424},[20,144904,144905],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[47,144907,144909],{"className":49,"code":144908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144910,144911,144923,144938,144942,144952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144912,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144914,6244],{"class":62},[56,144916,67],{"class":66},[56,144918,191],{"class":180},[56,144920,571],{"class":184},[56,144922,1476],{"class":180},[56,144924,144925,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144926,144927],{"class":62},"uppercase_word ",[56,144929,67],{"class":66},[56,144931,38460],{"class":62},[56,144933,98],{"class":70},[56,144935,34559],{"class":101},[56,144937,105],{"class":70},[56,144939,144940],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,144941,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,144943,144944,144946,144948,144950],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,144945,112],{"class":111},[56,144947,115],{"class":70},[56,144949,38470],{"class":101},[56,144951,238],{"class":70},[56,144953,144954,144956,144958,144961],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,144955,112],{"class":111},[56,144957,115],{"class":70},[56,144959,144960],{"class":101},"uppercase_word",[56,144962,238],{"class":70},[20,144964,241],{},[47,144966,144968],{"className":49,"code":144967,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144969,144970,144974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144971,144972],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144973,70480],{"class":62},[56,144975,144976],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,144977,144978],{"class":34534},"BANANA\n",[20,144980,112388],{},[143,144982,144983,144988],{},[146,144984,144985,144987],{},[15,144986,38470],{}," keeps its original value",[146,144989,144990,144992,144993],{},[15,144991,144960],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144994,128152],{},[42,144996,144998,145000],{"id":144997},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144999,128152],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145002,136906,145003,145005],{},[540,145004,136909],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145007,145008],{},"So this method:",[47,145010,145012],{"className":49,"code":145011,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145013,145014,145026,145036,145040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145015,145016,145018,145020,145022,145024],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145017,7967],{"class":62},[56,145019,67],{"class":66},[56,145021,191],{"class":180},[56,145023,17883],{"class":184},[56,145025,1476],{"class":180},[56,145027,145028,145030,145032,145034],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145029,7759],{"class":62},[56,145031,98],{"class":70},[56,145033,34559],{"class":101},[56,145035,105],{"class":70},[56,145037,145038],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145039,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145041,145042,145044,145046,145048],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,145043,112],{"class":111},[56,145045,115],{"class":70},[56,145047,7759],{"class":101},[56,145049,238],{"class":70},[20,145051,241],{},[47,145053,145055],{"className":49,"code":145054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"alice\n",[15,145056,145057],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145058,145059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145060,145054],{"class":62},[20,145062,21058,145063,145065,145066,145068],{},[15,145064,128152],{}," was called, ",[15,145067,7759],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145070,145071],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[47,145073,145075],{"className":49,"code":145074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145076,145077,145089,145103,145107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145078,145079,145081,145083,145085,145087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145080,7967],{"class":62},[56,145082,67],{"class":66},[56,145084,191],{"class":180},[56,145086,17883],{"class":184},[56,145088,1476],{"class":180},[56,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097,145099,145101],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145092,7967],{"class":62},[56,145094,67],{"class":66},[56,145096,36073],{"class":62},[56,145098,98],{"class":70},[56,145100,34559],{"class":101},[56,145102,105],{"class":70},[56,145104,145105],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145106,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145108,145109,145111,145113,145115],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,145110,112],{"class":111},[56,145112,115],{"class":70},[56,145114,7759],{"class":101},[56,145116,238],{"class":70},[20,145118,241],{},[47,145120,145122],{"className":49,"code":145121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ALICE\n",[15,145123,145124],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145125,145126],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145127,145121],{"class":34534},[20,145129,145130],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[42,145132,145134],{"id":145133},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145136,145137,145139],{},[15,145138,128152],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[143,145141,145142,145145,145148,145151],{},[146,145143,145144],{},"Numbers stay the same",[146,145146,145147],{},"Spaces stay the same",[146,145149,145150],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[146,145152,145153],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145155,163],{},[47,145157,145159],{"className":49,"code":145158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145160,145161,145174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145162,145163,145165,145167,145169,145172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145164,1466],{"class":62},[56,145166,67],{"class":66},[56,145168,191],{"class":180},[56,145170,145171],{"class":184},"Room 7, table #3!",[56,145173,1476],{"class":180},[56,145175,145176,145178,145180,145182,145184,145186],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145177,112],{"class":111},[56,145179,115],{"class":70},[56,145181,1481],{"class":101},[56,145183,98],{"class":70},[56,145185,34559],{"class":101},[56,145187,7284],{"class":70},[20,145189,241],{},[47,145191,145193],{"className":49,"code":145192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145194,145195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145196,145197,145200,145202,145204,145207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145198,145199],{"class":34534},"ROOM",[56,145201,6084],{"class":74},[56,145203,78],{"class":70},[56,145205,145206],{"class":34534}," TABLE",[56,145208,145209],{"class":123}," #3!\n",[20,145211,145212],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[42,145214,1389,145216],{"id":145215},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145217,128152],{},[20,145219,145220,145222],{},[15,145221,128152],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145224,48420],{},[143,145226,145227,145230,145233],{},[146,145228,145229],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[146,145231,145232],{},"Format labels or headings",[146,145234,145235],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145237,145238],{},"Example: simple comparison",[47,145240,145242],{"className":49,"code":145241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145243,145244,145256,145260,145282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145245,145246,145248,145250,145252,145254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145247,136517],{"class":62},[56,145249,67],{"class":66},[56,145251,191],{"class":180},[56,145253,8745],{"class":184},[56,145255,1476],{"class":180},[56,145257,145258],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145259,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145261,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272,145274,145276,145278,145280],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145263,7087],{"class":3965},[56,145265,136537],{"class":62},[56,145267,98],{"class":70},[56,145269,34559],{"class":101},[56,145271,7456],{"class":70},[56,145273,6499],{"class":66},[56,145275,191],{"class":180},[56,145277,136524],{"class":184},[56,145279,181],{"class":180},[56,145281,6484],{"class":70},[56,145283,145284,145286,145288,145290,145292,145294],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,145285,8160],{"class":111},[56,145287,115],{"class":70},[56,145289,181],{"class":180},[56,145291,143721],{"class":184},[56,145293,181],{"class":180},[56,145295,238],{"class":70},[20,145297,241],{},[47,145299,145300],{"className":49,"code":143730,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145301,145302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145303,145304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145305,143730],{"class":62},[20,145307,145308,145309,2287,145311,2291,145313,98],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145310,8745],{},[15,145312,137310],{},[15,145314,136524],{},[42,145316,1418],{"id":1417},[1030,145318,95808],{"id":95807},[20,145320,8207,145321,145324],{},[15,145322,145323],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145326,16724],{},[47,145328,145330],{"className":49,"code":145329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145331,145332,145344,145354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145333,145334,145336,145338,145340,145342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145335,1466],{"class":62},[56,145337,67],{"class":66},[56,145339,191],{"class":180},[56,145341,1473],{"class":184},[56,145343,1476],{"class":180},[56,145345,145346,145348,145350,145352],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145347,1481],{"class":62},[56,145349,98],{"class":70},[56,145351,34559],{"class":101},[56,145353,105],{"class":70},[56,145355,145356,145358,145360,145362],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145357,112],{"class":111},[56,145359,115],{"class":70},[56,145361,1481],{"class":101},[56,145363,238],{"class":70},[20,145365,241],{},[47,145367,145368],{"className":49,"code":138589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145369,145370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145371,145372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145373,138589],{"class":62},[20,145375,16736],{},[47,145377,145379],{"className":49,"code":145378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145380,145381,145393,145407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145382,145383,145385,145387,145389,145391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145384,1466],{"class":62},[56,145386,67],{"class":66},[56,145388,191],{"class":180},[56,145390,1473],{"class":184},[56,145392,1476],{"class":180},[56,145394,145395,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145396,1466],{"class":62},[56,145398,67],{"class":66},[56,145400,42921],{"class":62},[56,145402,98],{"class":70},[56,145404,34559],{"class":101},[56,145406,105],{"class":70},[56,145408,145409,145411,145413,145415],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145410,112],{"class":111},[56,145412,115],{"class":70},[56,145414,1481],{"class":101},[56,145416,238],{"class":70},[20,145418,241],{},[47,145420,145422],{"className":49,"code":145421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO\n",[15,145423,145424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145425,145426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145427,145421],{"class":34534},[1030,145429,18987,145431,137196],{"id":145430},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145432,128152],{},[20,145434,145435,145437],{},[15,145436,128152],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145439,163],{},[47,145441,145443],{"className":49,"code":145442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145444,145445,145453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145446,145447,145449,145451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145448,2315],{"class":62},[56,145450,67],{"class":66},[56,145452,124956],{"class":74},[56,145454,145455,145457,145459,145461,145463,145465],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145456,112],{"class":111},[56,145458,115],{"class":70},[56,145460,2337],{"class":101},[56,145462,98],{"class":70},[56,145464,34559],{"class":101},[56,145466,7284],{"class":70},[20,145468,39733,145469,145471,145472,1493],{},[15,145470,2286],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145473,128152],{},[20,145475,145476],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[47,145478,145480],{"className":49,"code":145479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145481,145482,145490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145483,145484,145486,145488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145485,2315],{"class":62},[56,145487,67],{"class":66},[56,145489,124956],{"class":74},[56,145491,145492,145494,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504,145506],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145493,112],{"class":111},[56,145495,115],{"class":70},[56,145497,3538],{"class":1545},[56,145499,115],{"class":70},[56,145501,2337],{"class":101},[56,145503,8719],{"class":70},[56,145505,34559],{"class":101},[56,145507,7284],{"class":70},[20,145509,241],{},[47,145511,145513],{"className":49,"code":145512,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"123\n",[15,145514,145515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145516,145517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145518,145512],{"class":74},[1030,145520,1447,145522,145524],{"id":145521},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145523,128152],{}," with title case",[20,145526,145527,145529,145530,145533],{},[15,145528,128152],{}," makes ",[540,145531,145532],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[47,145535,145537],{"className":49,"code":145536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145538,145539,145551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145540,145541,145543,145545,145547,145549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145542,1466],{"class":62},[56,145544,67],{"class":66},[56,145546,191],{"class":180},[56,145548,60482],{"class":184},[56,145550,1476],{"class":180},[56,145552,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561,145563],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145554,112],{"class":111},[56,145556,115],{"class":70},[56,145558,1481],{"class":101},[56,145560,98],{"class":70},[56,145562,34559],{"class":101},[56,145564,7284],{"class":70},[20,145566,241],{},[47,145568,145570],{"className":49,"code":145569,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145571,145572],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145573,145574,145576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145575,136298],{"class":34534},[56,145577,145578],{"class":34534}," WORLD\n",[20,145580,145581,145582,145586,145587,145591],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[36,145583,145584],{"href":124001},[15,145585,124004],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[36,145588,145589],{"href":129855},[15,145590,124445],{}," changes parts of a string.",[42,145593,145595],{"id":145594},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145597,145598,145599,141],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145600,128152],{},[143,145602,145603,145610,145617,145624],{},[146,145604,145605,145609],{},[36,145606,145607],{"href":124001},[15,145608,124004],{}," for lowercase text",[146,145611,145612,145616],{},[36,145613,145614],{"href":136844},[15,145615,41733],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[146,145618,145619,145623],{},[36,145620,145621],{"href":129855},[15,145622,124445],{}," for changing parts of a string",[146,145625,145626,4480,145628,145630],{},[15,145627,127642],{},[15,145629,126332],{}," for checks",[20,145632,163],{},[47,145634,145636],{"className":49,"code":145635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145637,145638,145650,145654,145669,145685,145689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145639,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145641,1466],{"class":62},[56,145643,67],{"class":66},[56,145645,191],{"class":180},[56,145647,143372],{"class":184},[56,145649,1476],{"class":180},[56,145651,145652],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145653,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145655,145656,145659,145661,145663,145665,145667],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145657,145658],{"class":62},"cleaned ",[56,145660,67],{"class":66},[56,145662,42921],{"class":62},[56,145664,98],{"class":70},[56,145666,8722],{"class":101},[56,145668,105],{"class":70},[56,145670,145671,145674,145676,145679,145681,145683],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,145672,145673],{"class":62},"loud ",[56,145675,67],{"class":66},[56,145677,145678],{"class":62}," cleaned",[56,145680,98],{"class":70},[56,145682,34559],{"class":101},[56,145684,105],{"class":70},[56,145686,145687],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,145688,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145690,145691,145693,145695,145698],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,145692,112],{"class":111},[56,145694,115],{"class":70},[56,145696,145697],{"class":101},"loud",[56,145699,238],{"class":70},[20,145701,241],{},[47,145703,145704],{"className":49,"code":145569,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145705,145706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145707,145708,145710],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145709,136298],{"class":34534},[56,145711,145578],{"class":34534},[42,145713,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,145715,1892,145717,124601],{"id":145716},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145718,128152],{},[20,145720,145721],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1030,145723,1892,145725,137578],{"id":145724},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145726,128152],{},[20,145728,145729,145730,98],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145731,145323],{},[1030,145733,145735],{"id":145734},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145737,145738,145739,145741],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145740,128152],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1030,145743,1925,145745,145747],{"id":145744},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145746,128152],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145749,145750],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145752,163],{},[47,145754,145756],{"className":49,"code":145755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145757,145758,145770,145783,145787],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145759,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145761,2652],{"class":62},[56,145763,67],{"class":66},[56,145765,191],{"class":180},[56,145767,51],{"class":184},[56,145769,1476],{"class":180},[56,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145781],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145773,2680],{"class":62},[56,145775,67],{"class":66},[56,145777,191],{"class":180},[56,145779,145780],{"class":184},"PYTHON",[56,145782,1476],{"class":180},[56,145784,145785],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145786,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,145788,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807,145809],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,145790,112],{"class":111},[56,145792,115],{"class":70},[56,145794,36],{"class":101},[56,145796,98],{"class":70},[56,145798,34559],{"class":101},[56,145800,7456],{"class":70},[56,145802,6499],{"class":66},[56,145804,2657],{"class":101},[56,145806,98],{"class":70},[56,145808,34559],{"class":101},[56,145810,7284],{"class":70},[20,145812,241],{},[47,145814,145815],{"className":49,"code":4068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,145816,145817],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145818,145819],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145820,4068],{"class":893},[42,145822,1996],{"id":1995},[143,145824,145825,145829,145835,145841,145847,145851,145855],{},[146,145826,145827],{},[36,145828,125029],{"href":51056},[146,145830,145831],{},[36,145832,126274,145833,1384],{"href":124001},[15,145834,124004],{},[146,145836,145837],{},[36,145838,126274,145839,1384],{"href":136844},[15,145840,41733],{},[146,145842,145843],{},[36,145844,126274,145845,1384],{"href":129855},[15,145846,124445],{},[146,145848,145849],{},[36,145850,90602],{"href":89611},[146,145852,145853],{},[36,145854,124673],{"href":123529},[146,145856,145857],{},[36,145858,137664],{"href":136245},[2028,145860,145861],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":145863},[145864,145865,145867,145868,145869,145871,145872,145874,145881,145882,145891],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":144787,"depth":92,"text":145866},"What upper() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":144997,"depth":92,"text":145870},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145133,"depth":92,"text":145134},{"id":145215,"depth":92,"text":145873},"When to use upper()",{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":145875},[145876,145877,145879],{"id":95807,"depth":108,"text":95808},{"id":145430,"depth":108,"text":145878},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145521,"depth":108,"text":145880},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145594,"depth":92,"text":145595},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":145883},[145884,145886,145888,145889],{"id":145716,"depth":108,"text":145885},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145724,"depth":108,"text":145887},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145734,"depth":108,"text":145735},{"id":145744,"depth":108,"text":145890},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144711,"description":145892},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145899,"title":145900,"body":145901,"description":147778,"extension":2062,"meta":147779,"navigation":600,"path":147780,"seo":147781,"stem":147782,"__hash__":147783},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145902,"toc":147728},[145903,145909,145916,145922,145924,145980,145985,145990,145995,145998,146017,146020,146022,146046,146064,146075,146077,146080,146133,146135,146143,146145,146163,146168,146171,146228,146230,146239,146242,146262,146265,146271,146276,146278,146321,146323,146331,146334,146375,146377,146386,146392,146398,146425,146427,146435,146440,146444,146456,146499,146501,146509,146514,146520,146525,146529,146531,146574,146577,146624,146626,146635,146642,146646,146649,146695,146700,146704,146706,146749,146752,146760,146762,146767,146769,146771,146790,146793,146805,146807,146826,146828,146836,146840,146842,146893,146896,146971,146973,146981,146984,146988,146990,147037,147040,147111,147113,147121,147127,147129,147204,147208,147287,147289,147297,147303,147309,147314,147319,147368,147372,147443,147446,147451,147462,147465,147476,147486,147488,147493,147518,147523,147604,147606,147631,147633,147638,147641,147647,147656,147662,147665,147671,147677,147684,147687,147689,147725],[10,145904,2009,145906,3673],{"id":145905},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145907,145908],{},"sum()",[20,145910,9210,145911,145913,145914,24845],{},[15,145912,145908],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145915,60074],{},[20,145917,145918,145919,145921],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145920,36154],{}," value and a few important limits.",[42,145923,2104],{"id":2103},[47,145925,145927],{"className":49,"code":145926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145928,145929,145953,145968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145930,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145932,63],{"class":62},[56,145934,67],{"class":66},[56,145936,71],{"class":70},[56,145938,75],{"class":74},[56,145940,78],{"class":70},[56,145942,81],{"class":74},[56,145944,78],{"class":70},[56,145946,86],{"class":74},[56,145948,78],{"class":70},[56,145950,2554],{"class":74},[56,145952,89],{"class":70},[56,145954,145955,145957,145959,145962,145964,145966],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,145956,41262],{"class":62},[56,145958,67],{"class":66},[56,145960,145961],{"class":111}," sum",[56,145963,115],{"class":70},[56,145965,95],{"class":101},[56,145967,238],{"class":70},[56,145969,145970,145972,145974,145976,145978],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,145971,112],{"class":111},[56,145973,115],{"class":70},[56,145975,41291],{"class":101},[56,145977,120],{"class":70},[56,145979,26877],{"class":123},[20,145981,650,145982,145984],{},[15,145983,145908],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[42,145986,133,145988,136],{"id":145987},"what-sum-does",[15,145989,145908],{},[20,145991,145992,145994],{},[15,145993,145908],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145996,145997],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[143,145999,146000,146003,146006,146011],{},[146,146001,146002],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[146,146004,146005],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[146,146007,146008,146009],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146010,36278],{},[146,146012,146013,146014,146016],{},"Counting ",[15,146015,3698],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146018,146019],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[42,146021,289],{"id":288},[47,146023,146025],{"className":49,"code":146024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146026,146027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146028,146029,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146030,146031],{"class":111},"sum",[56,146033,115],{"class":70},[56,146035,3810],{"class":101},[56,146037,78],{"class":70},[56,146039,36133],{"class":9263},[56,146041,67],{"class":66},[56,146043,2218],{"class":74},[56,146045,238],{"class":70},[143,146047,146048,146053,146058],{},[146,146049,146050,146052],{},[15,146051,3810],{}," is the group of values to add",[146,146054,146055,146057],{},[15,146056,36154],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[146,146059,146060,146061],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146062,146063],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146065,146066,146067,146070,146071,98],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146068,146069,3810],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[36,146072,146073,24698],{"href":36275},[15,146074,36278],{},[42,146076,425],{"id":424},[20,146078,146079],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[47,146081,146083],{"className":49,"code":146082,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146084,146085,146105,146119,146123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146088,63],{"class":62},[56,146090,67],{"class":66},[56,146092,71],{"class":70},[56,146094,2235],{"class":74},[56,146096,78],{"class":70},[56,146098,508],{"class":74},[56,146100,78],{"class":70},[56,146102,38015],{"class":74},[56,146104,89],{"class":70},[56,146106,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146108,41262],{"class":62},[56,146110,67],{"class":66},[56,146112,145961],{"class":111},[56,146114,115],{"class":70},[56,146116,95],{"class":101},[56,146118,238],{"class":70},[56,146120,146121],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,146122,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,146124,146125,146127,146129,146131],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,146126,112],{"class":111},[56,146128,115],{"class":70},[56,146130,41291],{"class":101},[56,146132,238],{"class":70},[20,146134,241],{},[47,146136,146137],{"className":49,"code":69914,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146138,146139],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146140,146141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146142,69914],{"class":74},[20,146144,513],{},[143,146146,146147,146152,146158],{},[146,146148,146149,146151],{},[15,146150,95],{}," contains three integers",[146,146153,146154,146157],{},[15,146155,146156],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[146,146159,146160,146161],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146162,41291],{},[42,146164,36691,146166,8521],{"id":146165},"using-the-start-value",[15,146167,36154],{},[20,146169,146170],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[47,146172,146174],{"className":49,"code":146173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146175,146176,146196,146214,146218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146177,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146179,63],{"class":62},[56,146181,67],{"class":66},[56,146183,71],{"class":70},[56,146185,75],{"class":74},[56,146187,78],{"class":70},[56,146189,81],{"class":74},[56,146191,78],{"class":70},[56,146193,86],{"class":74},[56,146195,89],{"class":70},[56,146197,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146199,41262],{"class":62},[56,146201,67],{"class":66},[56,146203,145961],{"class":111},[56,146205,115],{"class":70},[56,146207,95],{"class":101},[56,146209,78],{"class":70},[56,146211,508],{"class":74},[56,146213,238],{"class":70},[56,146215,146216],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,146217,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,146219,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,146221,112],{"class":111},[56,146223,115],{"class":70},[56,146225,41291],{"class":101},[56,146227,238],{"class":70},[20,146229,241],{},[47,146231,146233],{"className":49,"code":146232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"16\n",[15,146234,146235],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146236,146237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146238,146232],{"class":74},[20,146240,146241],{},"This works like:",[143,146243,146244,146249,146254,146258],{},[146,146245,146246,146247],{},"Start at ",[15,146248,444],{},[146,146250,146251,146252],{},"Add ",[15,146253,75],{},[146,146255,146251,146256],{},[15,146257,1097],{},[146,146259,146251,146260],{},[15,146261,901],{},[20,146263,146264],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[42,146266,133,146268,146270],{"id":146267},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146269,145908],{}," can work with",[20,146272,146273,146275],{},[15,146274,145908],{}," works with numeric values.",[1030,146277,40505],{"id":40504},[47,146279,146281],{"className":49,"code":146280,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146282,146283,146307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146284,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146286,3912],{"class":62},[56,146288,67],{"class":66},[56,146290,71],{"class":70},[56,146292,75],{"class":74},[56,146294,78],{"class":70},[56,146296,81],{"class":74},[56,146298,78],{"class":70},[56,146300,86],{"class":74},[56,146302,78],{"class":70},[56,146304,2554],{"class":74},[56,146306,89],{"class":70},[56,146308,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146310,112],{"class":111},[56,146312,115],{"class":70},[56,146314,146031],{"class":111},[56,146316,115],{"class":70},[56,146318,5448],{"class":101},[56,146320,1553],{"class":70},[20,146322,241],{},[47,146324,146325],{"className":49,"code":2473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146326,146327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146328,146329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146330,2473],{"class":74},[1030,146332,146333],{"id":52127},"Floats",[47,146335,146337],{"className":49,"code":146336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146338,146339,146361],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146340,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146354,146356,146359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146342,82967],{"class":62},[56,146344,67],{"class":66},[56,146346,71],{"class":70},[56,146348,41238],{"class":74},[56,146350,78],{"class":70},[56,146352,146353],{"class":74}," 3.75",[56,146355,78],{"class":70},[56,146357,146358],{"class":74}," 1.25",[56,146360,89],{"class":70},[56,146362,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146364,112],{"class":111},[56,146366,115],{"class":70},[56,146368,146031],{"class":111},[56,146370,115],{"class":70},[56,146372,83003],{"class":101},[56,146374,1553],{"class":70},[20,146376,241],{},[47,146378,146380],{"className":49,"code":146379,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.5\n",[15,146381,146382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146383,146384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146385,146379],{"class":74},[20,146387,146388,146389,98],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[36,146390,146391],{"href":2516},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1030,146393,146395,146396],{"id":146394},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146397,36278],{},[47,146399,146401],{"className":49,"code":146400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146402,146403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146404,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146406,112],{"class":111},[56,146408,115],{"class":70},[56,146410,146031],{"class":111},[56,146412,115],{"class":70},[56,146414,60074],{"class":111},[56,146416,115],{"class":70},[56,146418,75],{"class":74},[56,146420,78],{"class":70},[56,146422,37722],{"class":74},[56,146424,3010],{"class":70},[20,146426,241],{},[47,146428,146429],{"className":49,"code":47121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146430,146431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146432,146433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146434,47121],{"class":74},[20,146436,113478,146437,98],{},[15,146438,146439],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1030,146441,146443],{"id":146442},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146445,146446,146447,146449,146450,4480,146452,146449,146454,98],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146448,3698],{}," acts like ",[15,146451,75],{},[15,146453,3764],{},[15,146455,2218],{},[47,146457,146459],{"className":49,"code":146458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146460,146461,146485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146462,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146464,52047],{"class":62},[56,146466,67],{"class":66},[56,146468,71],{"class":70},[56,146470,3698],{"class":893},[56,146472,78],{"class":70},[56,146474,3995],{"class":893},[56,146476,78],{"class":70},[56,146478,4004],{"class":893},[56,146480,78],{"class":70},[56,146482,4004],{"class":893},[56,146484,89],{"class":70},[56,146486,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146488,112],{"class":111},[56,146490,115],{"class":70},[56,146492,146031],{"class":111},[56,146494,115],{"class":70},[56,146496,52100],{"class":101},[56,146498,1553],{"class":70},[20,146500,241],{},[47,146502,146503],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146504,146505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146506,146507],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146508,46697],{"class":74},[20,146510,146511,146512,98],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146513,3698],{},[42,146515,133,146517,146519],{"id":146516},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146518,145908],{}," does not work with",[20,146521,146522,146524],{},[15,146523,145908],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1030,146526,146528],{"id":146527},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146530,2934],{},[47,146532,146534],{"className":49,"code":146533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146535,146536,146560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146537,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146539,4159],{"class":62},[56,146541,67],{"class":66},[56,146543,71],{"class":70},[56,146545,181],{"class":180},[56,146547,1473],{"class":184},[56,146549,181],{"class":180},[56,146551,78],{"class":70},[56,146553,191],{"class":180},[56,146555,60667],{"class":184},[56,146557,181],{"class":180},[56,146559,89],{"class":70},[56,146561,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146563,112],{"class":111},[56,146565,115],{"class":70},[56,146567,146031],{"class":111},[56,146569,115],{"class":70},[56,146571,4200],{"class":101},[56,146573,1553],{"class":70},[20,146575,146576],{},"Use string joining instead:",[47,146578,146580],{"className":49,"code":146579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146581,146582,146606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146583,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146585,4159],{"class":62},[56,146587,67],{"class":66},[56,146589,71],{"class":70},[56,146591,181],{"class":180},[56,146593,1473],{"class":184},[56,146595,181],{"class":180},[56,146597,78],{"class":70},[56,146599,191],{"class":180},[56,146601,60667],{"class":184},[56,146603,181],{"class":180},[56,146605,89],{"class":70},[56,146607,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146609,112],{"class":111},[56,146611,115],{"class":70},[56,146613,6362],{"class":180},[56,146615,98],{"class":70},[56,146617,133433],{"class":101},[56,146619,115],{"class":70},[56,146621,4200],{"class":101},[56,146623,1553],{"class":70},[20,146625,241],{},[47,146627,146629],{"className":49,"code":146628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"helloworld\n",[15,146630,146631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146632,146633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146634,146628],{"class":62},[20,146636,146637,146638,98],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[36,146639,146640,5873],{"href":42254},[15,146641,47764],{},[1030,146643,146645],{"id":146644},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146647,146648],{},"This also causes an error:",[47,146650,146652],{"className":49,"code":146651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146653,146654,146681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146655,146656,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146657,146658],{"class":62},"lists ",[56,146660,67],{"class":66},[56,146662,56369],{"class":70},[56,146664,75],{"class":74},[56,146666,78],{"class":70},[56,146668,81],{"class":74},[56,146670,18142],{"class":70},[56,146672,71],{"class":70},[56,146674,901],{"class":74},[56,146676,78],{"class":70},[56,146678,2554],{"class":74},[56,146680,53323],{"class":70},[56,146682,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146684,112],{"class":111},[56,146686,115],{"class":70},[56,146688,146031],{"class":111},[56,146690,115],{"class":70},[56,146692,5389],{"class":101},[56,146694,1553],{"class":70},[20,146696,146697,146699],{},[15,146698,145908],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1030,146701,146703],{"id":146702},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146705,5562],{},[47,146707,146709],{"className":49,"code":146708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146710,146711,146735],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146712,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146714,3912],{"class":62},[56,146716,67],{"class":66},[56,146718,71],{"class":70},[56,146720,75],{"class":74},[56,146722,78],{"class":70},[56,146724,81],{"class":74},[56,146726,78],{"class":70},[56,146728,191],{"class":180},[56,146730,901],{"class":184},[56,146732,181],{"class":180},[56,146734,89],{"class":70},[56,146736,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146738,112],{"class":111},[56,146740,115],{"class":70},[56,146742,146031],{"class":111},[56,146744,115],{"class":70},[56,146746,5448],{"class":101},[56,146748,1553],{"class":70},[20,146750,146751],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146753,146754,146755,146757,146758,98],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146756,66019],{},", convert them first. See ",[36,146759,3061],{"href":3060},[42,146761,41584],{"id":41583},[20,146763,146764,146765,98],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146766,145908],{},[1030,146768,6613],{"id":6612},[20,146770,4613],{},[47,146772,146774],{"className":49,"code":146773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146775,146776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146779,112],{"class":111},[56,146781,115],{"class":70},[56,146783,146031],{"class":111},[56,146785,115],{"class":70},[56,146787,2235],{"class":74},[56,146789,1553],{"class":70},[20,146791,146792],{},"Why it fails:",[143,146794,146795,146800],{},[146,146796,146797,146799],{},[15,146798,2235],{}," is a single integer",[146,146801,146802,146804],{},[15,146803,145908],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146806,6643],{},[47,146808,146810],{"className":49,"code":146809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146811,146812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146813,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146815,112],{"class":111},[56,146817,115],{"class":70},[56,146819,146031],{"class":111},[56,146821,3084],{"class":70},[56,146823,2235],{"class":74},[56,146825,3097],{"class":70},[20,146827,241],{},[47,146829,146830],{"className":49,"code":3045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146831,146832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146833,146834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146835,3045],{"class":74},[1030,146837,146839],{"id":146838},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146841,4613],{},[47,146843,146845],{"className":49,"code":146844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146846,146847,146879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146848,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146850,3912],{"class":62},[56,146852,67],{"class":66},[56,146854,71],{"class":70},[56,146856,181],{"class":180},[56,146858,75],{"class":184},[56,146860,181],{"class":180},[56,146862,78],{"class":70},[56,146864,191],{"class":180},[56,146866,1097],{"class":184},[56,146868,181],{"class":180},[56,146870,78],{"class":70},[56,146872,191],{"class":180},[56,146874,901],{"class":184},[56,146876,181],{"class":180},[56,146878,89],{"class":70},[56,146880,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146882,112],{"class":111},[56,146884,115],{"class":70},[56,146886,146031],{"class":111},[56,146888,115],{"class":70},[56,146890,5448],{"class":101},[56,146892,1553],{"class":70},[20,146894,146895],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[47,146897,146899],{"className":49,"code":146898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146900,146901,146933,146961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146902,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146904,3912],{"class":62},[56,146906,67],{"class":66},[56,146908,71],{"class":70},[56,146910,181],{"class":180},[56,146912,75],{"class":184},[56,146914,181],{"class":180},[56,146916,78],{"class":70},[56,146918,191],{"class":180},[56,146920,1097],{"class":184},[56,146922,181],{"class":180},[56,146924,78],{"class":70},[56,146926,191],{"class":180},[56,146928,901],{"class":184},[56,146930,181],{"class":180},[56,146932,89],{"class":70},[56,146934,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,146936,41262],{"class":62},[56,146938,67],{"class":66},[56,146940,145961],{"class":111},[56,146942,115],{"class":70},[56,146944,2286],{"class":1545},[56,146946,115],{"class":70},[56,146948,2271],{"class":101},[56,146950,120],{"class":70},[56,146952,3966],{"class":3965},[56,146954,3969],{"class":101},[56,146956,3972],{"class":3965},[56,146958,3975],{"class":101},[56,146960,238],{"class":70},[56,146962,146963,146965,146967,146969],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,146964,112],{"class":111},[56,146966,115],{"class":70},[56,146968,41291],{"class":101},[56,146970,238],{"class":70},[20,146972,241],{},[47,146974,146975],{"className":49,"code":2753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,146976,146977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146978,146979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146980,2753],{"class":74},[20,146982,146983],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1030,146985,146987],{"id":146986},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146989,4613],{},[47,146991,146993],{"className":49,"code":146992,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146994,146995,147023],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146996,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146998,3912],{"class":62},[56,147000,67],{"class":66},[56,147002,71],{"class":70},[56,147004,75],{"class":74},[56,147006,78],{"class":70},[56,147008,81],{"class":74},[56,147010,78],{"class":70},[56,147012,191],{"class":180},[56,147014,901],{"class":184},[56,147016,181],{"class":180},[56,147018,78],{"class":70},[56,147020,2554],{"class":74},[56,147022,89],{"class":70},[56,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147026,112],{"class":111},[56,147028,115],{"class":70},[56,147030,146031],{"class":111},[56,147032,115],{"class":70},[56,147034,5448],{"class":101},[56,147036,1553],{"class":70},[20,147038,147039],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[47,147041,147043],{"className":49,"code":147042,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147044,147045,147073,147101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147046,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147048,3912],{"class":62},[56,147050,67],{"class":66},[56,147052,71],{"class":70},[56,147054,75],{"class":74},[56,147056,78],{"class":70},[56,147058,81],{"class":74},[56,147060,78],{"class":70},[56,147062,191],{"class":180},[56,147064,901],{"class":184},[56,147066,181],{"class":180},[56,147068,78],{"class":70},[56,147070,2554],{"class":74},[56,147072,89],{"class":70},[56,147074,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147076,41262],{"class":62},[56,147078,67],{"class":66},[56,147080,145961],{"class":111},[56,147082,115],{"class":70},[56,147084,2286],{"class":1545},[56,147086,115],{"class":70},[56,147088,2271],{"class":101},[56,147090,120],{"class":70},[56,147092,3966],{"class":3965},[56,147094,3969],{"class":101},[56,147096,3972],{"class":3965},[56,147098,3975],{"class":101},[56,147100,238],{"class":70},[56,147102,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,147104,112],{"class":111},[56,147106,115],{"class":70},[56,147108,41291],{"class":101},[56,147110,238],{"class":70},[20,147112,241],{},[47,147114,147115],{"className":49,"code":2473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147116,147117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147118,147119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147120,2473],{"class":74},[1030,147122,1441,147124,147126],{"id":147123},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147125,145908],{}," to join text",[20,147128,4613],{},[47,147130,147132],{"className":49,"code":147131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147133,147134,147190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147135,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147137,173],{"class":62},[56,147139,67],{"class":66},[56,147141,71],{"class":70},[56,147143,181],{"class":180},[56,147145,134032],{"class":184},[56,147147,181],{"class":180},[56,147149,78],{"class":70},[56,147151,191],{"class":180},[56,147153,11831],{"class":184},[56,147155,181],{"class":180},[56,147157,78],{"class":70},[56,147159,191],{"class":180},[56,147161,63361],{"class":184},[56,147163,181],{"class":180},[56,147165,78],{"class":70},[56,147167,191],{"class":180},[56,147169,60514],{"class":184},[56,147171,181],{"class":180},[56,147173,78],{"class":70},[56,147175,191],{"class":180},[56,147177,60549],{"class":184},[56,147179,181],{"class":180},[56,147181,78],{"class":70},[56,147183,191],{"class":180},[56,147185,75949],{"class":184},[56,147187,181],{"class":180},[56,147189,89],{"class":70},[56,147191,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147193,112],{"class":111},[56,147195,115],{"class":70},[56,147197,146031],{"class":111},[56,147199,115],{"class":70},[56,147201,221],{"class":101},[56,147203,1553],{"class":70},[20,147205,650,147206,60608],{},[15,147207,133356],{},[47,147209,147211],{"className":49,"code":147210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147212,147213,147269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147214,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147216,173],{"class":62},[56,147218,67],{"class":66},[56,147220,71],{"class":70},[56,147222,181],{"class":180},[56,147224,134032],{"class":184},[56,147226,181],{"class":180},[56,147228,78],{"class":70},[56,147230,191],{"class":180},[56,147232,11831],{"class":184},[56,147234,181],{"class":180},[56,147236,78],{"class":70},[56,147238,191],{"class":180},[56,147240,63361],{"class":184},[56,147242,181],{"class":180},[56,147244,78],{"class":70},[56,147246,191],{"class":180},[56,147248,60514],{"class":184},[56,147250,181],{"class":180},[56,147252,78],{"class":70},[56,147254,191],{"class":180},[56,147256,60549],{"class":184},[56,147258,181],{"class":180},[56,147260,78],{"class":70},[56,147262,191],{"class":180},[56,147264,75949],{"class":184},[56,147266,181],{"class":180},[56,147268,89],{"class":70},[56,147270,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147272,112],{"class":111},[56,147274,115],{"class":70},[56,147276,6362],{"class":180},[56,147278,98],{"class":70},[56,147280,133433],{"class":101},[56,147282,115],{"class":70},[56,147284,221],{"class":101},[56,147286,1553],{"class":70},[20,147288,241],{},[47,147290,147291],{"className":49,"code":134113,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,147292,147293],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147294,147295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147296,134113],{"class":62},[20,147298,147299,147300,98],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[36,147301,147302],{"href":135194},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[42,147304,147306,147308],{"id":147305},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147307,145908],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147310,147311,147313],{},[15,147312,145908],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1030,147315,1441,147317],{"id":147316},"using-sum",[15,147318,145908],{},[47,147320,147322],{"className":49,"code":147321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147323,147324,147344,147358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147325,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147327,63],{"class":62},[56,147329,67],{"class":66},[56,147331,71],{"class":70},[56,147333,2602],{"class":74},[56,147335,78],{"class":70},[56,147337,6084],{"class":74},[56,147339,78],{"class":70},[56,147341,54216],{"class":74},[56,147343,89],{"class":70},[56,147345,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147347,41262],{"class":62},[56,147349,67],{"class":66},[56,147351,145961],{"class":111},[56,147353,115],{"class":70},[56,147355,95],{"class":101},[56,147357,238],{"class":70},[56,147359,147360,147362,147364,147366],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,147361,112],{"class":111},[56,147363,115],{"class":70},[56,147365,41291],{"class":101},[56,147367,238],{"class":70},[1030,147369,147371],{"id":147370},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[47,147373,147375],{"className":49,"code":147374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147376,147377,147397,147405,147409,147421,147429,147433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147378,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147380,63],{"class":62},[56,147382,67],{"class":66},[56,147384,71],{"class":70},[56,147386,2602],{"class":74},[56,147388,78],{"class":70},[56,147390,6084],{"class":74},[56,147392,78],{"class":70},[56,147394,54216],{"class":74},[56,147396,89],{"class":70},[56,147398,147399,147401,147403],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147400,41262],{"class":62},[56,147402,67],{"class":66},[56,147404,38592],{"class":74},[56,147406,147407],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,147408,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,147410,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,147412,6048],{"class":3965},[56,147414,6477],{"class":62},[56,147416,3972],{"class":3965},[56,147418,850],{"class":62},[56,147420,6484],{"class":70},[56,147422,147423,147425,147427],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,147424,90026],{"class":62},[56,147426,90029],{"class":66},[56,147428,90032],{"class":62},[56,147430,147431],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,147432,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,147434,147435,147437,147439,147441],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,147436,112],{"class":111},[56,147438,115],{"class":70},[56,147440,41291],{"class":101},[56,147442,238],{"class":70},[20,147444,147445],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147447,2586,147448,147450],{},[15,147449,145908],{}," is often better:",[143,147452,147453,147456,147459],{},[146,147454,147455],{},"Shorter code",[146,147457,147458],{},"Easier to read",[146,147460,147461],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147463,147464],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[143,147466,147467,147470,147473],{},[146,147468,147469],{},"You need to skip some values",[146,147471,147472],{},"You need extra checks",[146,147474,147475],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147477,147478,147479,147482,147483,147485],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[36,147480,147481],{"href":40088},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147484,145908],{}," on the filtered result.",[42,147487,1418],{"id":1417},[20,147489,147490,147491,141],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147492,145908],{},[143,147494,147495,147501,147508,147515],{},[146,147496,147497,147498],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147499,147500],{},"sum(5)",[146,147502,147503,147504,147507],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147505,147506],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[146,147509,1441,147510,147512,147513],{},[15,147511,145908],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147514,133356],{},[146,147516,147517],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147519,8962,147520,147522],{},[15,147521,145908],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[47,147524,147526],{"className":49,"code":147525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147527,147528,147538,147552,147576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147529,147530,147532,147534,147536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147531,112],{"class":111},[56,147533,115],{"class":70},[56,147535,5448],{"class":101},[56,147537,238],{"class":70},[56,147539,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147541,112],{"class":111},[56,147543,115],{"class":70},[56,147545,1546],{"class":1545},[56,147547,115],{"class":70},[56,147549,5448],{"class":101},[56,147551,1553],{"class":70},[56,147553,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,147555,112],{"class":111},[56,147557,3084],{"class":70},[56,147559,1546],{"class":1545},[56,147561,115],{"class":70},[56,147563,2271],{"class":101},[56,147565,120],{"class":70},[56,147567,3966],{"class":3965},[56,147569,3969],{"class":101},[56,147571,3972],{"class":3965},[56,147573,3975],{"class":101},[56,147575,1607],{"class":70},[56,147577,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,147579,112],{"class":111},[56,147581,115],{"class":70},[56,147583,146031],{"class":111},[56,147585,3084],{"class":70},[56,147587,2286],{"class":1545},[56,147589,115],{"class":70},[56,147591,2271],{"class":101},[56,147593,120],{"class":70},[56,147595,3966],{"class":3965},[56,147597,3969],{"class":101},[56,147599,3972],{"class":3965},[56,147601,3975],{"class":101},[56,147603,3097],{"class":70},[20,147605,135927],{},[143,147607,147608,147614,147620,147625],{},[146,147609,147610,147613],{},[15,147611,147612],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[146,147615,147616,147619],{},[15,147617,147618],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[146,147621,147622,135949],{},[15,147623,147624],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[146,147626,147627,147630],{},[15,147628,147629],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[42,147632,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,147634,5230,147636,5233],{"id":147635},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147637,145908],{},[20,147639,147640],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1030,147642,5258,147644,147646],{"id":147643},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147645,145908],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147648,30352,147649,2976,147652,147655],{},[15,147650,147651],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147653,147654],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1030,147657,5258,147659,147661],{"id":147658},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147660,145908],{}," work with floats?",[20,147663,147664],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1030,147666,147668,147669,1911],{"id":147667},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147670,145908],{},[20,147672,147673,147674,147676],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147675,36154],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1030,147678,5246,147680,119312,147682,1911],{"id":147679},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147681,145908],{},[15,147683,3103],{},[20,147685,147686],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[42,147688,1996],{"id":1995},[143,147690,147691,147695,147701,147707,147713,147717,147721],{},[146,147692,147693],{},[36,147694,146391],{"href":2516},[146,147696,147697],{},[36,147698,2009,147699,2012],{"href":36275},[15,147700,36278],{},[146,147702,147703],{},[36,147704,2009,147705,2012],{"href":42437},[15,147706,42440],{},[146,147708,147709],{},[36,147710,2009,147711,2012],{"href":42254},[15,147712,47764],{},[146,147714,147715],{},[36,147716,5310],{"href":40088},[146,147718,147719],{},[36,147720,3620],{"href":3060},[146,147722,147723],{},[36,147724,147302],{"href":135194},[2028,147726,147727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":147729},[147730,147731,147733,147734,147735,147737,147745,147751,147758,147764,147765,147777],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":145987,"depth":92,"text":147732},"What sum() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":146165,"depth":92,"text":147736},"Using the start value",{"id":146267,"depth":92,"text":147738,"children":147739},"What sum() can work with",[147740,147741,147742,147744],{"id":40504,"depth":108,"text":40505},{"id":52127,"depth":108,"text":146333},{"id":146394,"depth":108,"text":147743},"Values from range()",{"id":146442,"depth":108,"text":146443},{"id":146516,"depth":92,"text":147746,"children":147747},"What sum() does not work with",[147748,147749,147750],{"id":146527,"depth":108,"text":146528},{"id":146644,"depth":108,"text":146645},{"id":146702,"depth":108,"text":146703},{"id":41583,"depth":92,"text":41584,"children":147752},[147753,147754,147755,147756],{"id":6612,"depth":108,"text":6613},{"id":146838,"depth":108,"text":146839},{"id":146986,"depth":108,"text":146987},{"id":147123,"depth":108,"text":147757},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147305,"depth":92,"text":147759,"children":147760},"sum() vs manual loop",[147761,147763],{"id":147316,"depth":108,"text":147762},"Using sum()",{"id":147370,"depth":108,"text":147371},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":147766},[147767,147769,147771,147773,147775],{"id":147635,"depth":108,"text":147768},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147643,"depth":108,"text":147770},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147658,"depth":108,"text":147772},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147667,"depth":108,"text":147774},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147679,"depth":108,"text":147776},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145900,"description":147778},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147785,"title":147786,"body":147787,"description":149189,"extension":2062,"meta":149190,"navigation":600,"path":149191,"seo":149192,"stem":149193,"__hash__":149194},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147788,"toc":149157},[147789,147795,147801,147804,147867,147873,147878,147882,147899,147913,147917,147937,147951,147953,148046,148048,148062,148064,148067,148156,148158,148166,148175,148177,148181,148202,148204,148296,148298,148319,148321,148325,148339,148341,148415,148417,148436,148440,148443,148466,148468,148579,148586,148594,148596,148602,148605,148648,148651,148674,148682,148686,148761,148767,148792,148799,148802,148805,148809,148814,148902,148910,148914,148917,148942,148946,149007,149011,149060,149070,149072,149077,149080,149086,149089,149093,149097,149103,149106,149114,149122,149124,149154],[10,147790,147792,147793,18],{"id":147791},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147794,57365],{},[20,147796,147797,147800],{},[15,147798,147799],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147802,147803],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[47,147805,147807],{"className":49,"code":147806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147808,147809,147837,147855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147810,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147812,63],{"class":62},[56,147814,67],{"class":66},[56,147816,9324],{"class":70},[56,147818,75],{"class":74},[56,147820,78],{"class":70},[56,147822,81],{"class":74},[56,147824,78],{"class":70},[56,147826,81],{"class":74},[56,147828,78],{"class":70},[56,147830,86],{"class":74},[56,147832,78],{"class":70},[56,147834,81],{"class":74},[56,147836,238],{"class":70},[56,147838,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,147840,1156],{"class":62},[56,147842,67],{"class":66},[56,147844,850],{"class":62},[56,147846,98],{"class":70},[56,147848,41339],{"class":101},[56,147850,115],{"class":70},[56,147852,1097],{"class":74},[56,147854,238],{"class":70},[56,147856,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,147858,112],{"class":111},[56,147860,115],{"class":70},[56,147862,1190],{"class":101},[56,147864,120],{"class":70},[56,147866,50852],{"class":123},[20,147868,650,147869,147872],{},[15,147870,147871],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[42,147874,133,147876,136],{"id":147875},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147877,147799],{},[20,147879,147880,141],{},[15,147881,147871],{},[143,147883,147884,147890,147893,147896],{},[146,147885,147886,147887,147889],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147888,2570],{}," appears in the tuple",[146,147891,147892],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[146,147894,147895],{},"Returns an integer",[146,147897,147898],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147900,147901,147902,147904,147905,2976,147909,98],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147903,57365],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,147906,147908],{"href":147907},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[36,147910,147912],{"href":147911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[42,147914,147916],{"id":147915},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[47,147918,147920],{"className":49,"code":147919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147921,147922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147923,147924,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147925,147926],{"class":62},"my_tuple",[56,147928,98],{"class":70},[56,147930,41339],{"class":101},[56,147932,115],{"class":70},[56,147934,2570],{"class":101},[56,147936,238],{"class":70},[143,147938,147939,147943,147946],{},[146,147940,147941,57530],{},[15,147942,2570],{},[146,147944,147945],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[146,147947,147948,147949],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147950,2218],{},[1030,147952,103027],{"id":103026},[47,147954,147956],{"className":49,"code":147955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147957,147958,147998,148022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147959,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147961,334],{"class":62},[56,147963,67],{"class":66},[56,147965,9324],{"class":70},[56,147967,181],{"class":180},[56,147969,343],{"class":184},[56,147971,181],{"class":180},[56,147973,78],{"class":70},[56,147975,191],{"class":180},[56,147977,361],{"class":184},[56,147979,181],{"class":180},[56,147981,78],{"class":70},[56,147983,191],{"class":180},[56,147985,343],{"class":184},[56,147987,181],{"class":180},[56,147989,78],{"class":70},[56,147991,191],{"class":180},[56,147993,352],{"class":184},[56,147995,181],{"class":180},[56,147997,238],{"class":70},[56,147999,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148001,112],{"class":111},[56,148003,115],{"class":70},[56,148005,370],{"class":101},[56,148007,98],{"class":70},[56,148009,41339],{"class":101},[56,148011,115],{"class":70},[56,148013,181],{"class":180},[56,148015,343],{"class":184},[56,148017,181],{"class":180},[56,148019,5451],{"class":70},[56,148021,57720],{"class":123},[56,148023,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148025,112],{"class":111},[56,148027,115],{"class":70},[56,148029,370],{"class":101},[56,148031,98],{"class":70},[56,148033,41339],{"class":101},[56,148035,115],{"class":70},[56,148037,181],{"class":180},[56,148039,22605],{"class":184},[56,148041,181],{"class":180},[56,148043,5451],{"class":70},[56,148045,51328],{"class":123},[20,148047,20037],{},[143,148049,148050,148055],{},[146,148051,148052,148054],{},[15,148053,65466],{}," appears 2 times",[146,148056,148057,148059,148060],{},[15,148058,109723],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148061,2218],{},[42,148063,425],{"id":424},[20,148065,148066],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[47,148068,148070],{"className":49,"code":148069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148071,148072,148120,148124,148146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148073,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148075,553],{"class":62},[56,148077,67],{"class":66},[56,148079,9324],{"class":70},[56,148081,181],{"class":180},[56,148083,562],{"class":184},[56,148085,181],{"class":180},[56,148087,78],{"class":70},[56,148089,191],{"class":180},[56,148091,571],{"class":184},[56,148093,181],{"class":180},[56,148095,78],{"class":70},[56,148097,191],{"class":180},[56,148099,562],{"class":184},[56,148101,181],{"class":180},[56,148103,78],{"class":70},[56,148105,191],{"class":180},[56,148107,33304],{"class":184},[56,148109,181],{"class":180},[56,148111,78],{"class":70},[56,148113,191],{"class":180},[56,148115,562],{"class":184},[56,148117,181],{"class":180},[56,148119,238],{"class":70},[56,148121,148122],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148123,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148125,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148127,1156],{"class":62},[56,148129,67],{"class":66},[56,148131,703],{"class":62},[56,148133,98],{"class":70},[56,148135,41339],{"class":101},[56,148137,115],{"class":70},[56,148139,181],{"class":180},[56,148141,562],{"class":184},[56,148143,181],{"class":180},[56,148145,238],{"class":70},[56,148147,148148,148150,148152,148154],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148149,112],{"class":111},[56,148151,115],{"class":70},[56,148153,1190],{"class":101},[56,148155,238],{"class":70},[20,148157,241],{},[47,148159,148160],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,148161,148162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148163,148164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148165,46697],{"class":74},[20,148167,148168,148170,148171,2494,148173,98],{},[15,148169,57908],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148172,57365],{},[15,148174,901],{},[42,148176,38099],{"id":38098},[20,148178,57619,148179,128662],{},[15,148180,57365],{},[143,148182,148183,148188,148193,148196],{},[146,148184,154,148185,148187],{},[15,148186,2218],{}," when the value does not exist",[146,148189,154,148190,148192],{},[15,148191,75],{}," when the value appears once",[146,148194,148195],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[146,148197,148198,148199,148201],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148200,7087],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148203,163],{},[47,148205,148207],{"className":49,"code":148206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148208,148209,148250,148254,148281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148210,148211,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148212,148213],{"class":62},"answers ",[56,148215,67],{"class":66},[56,148217,9324],{"class":70},[56,148219,181],{"class":180},[56,148221,8745],{"class":184},[56,148223,181],{"class":180},[56,148225,78],{"class":70},[56,148227,191],{"class":180},[56,148229,8685],{"class":184},[56,148231,181],{"class":180},[56,148233,78],{"class":70},[56,148235,191],{"class":180},[56,148237,8745],{"class":184},[56,148239,181],{"class":180},[56,148241,78],{"class":70},[56,148243,191],{"class":180},[56,148245,8745],{"class":184},[56,148247,181],{"class":180},[56,148249,238],{"class":70},[56,148251,148252],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148253,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148255,148256,148258,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148257,7087],{"class":3965},[56,148259,148260],{"class":62}," answers",[56,148262,98],{"class":70},[56,148264,41339],{"class":101},[56,148266,115],{"class":70},[56,148268,181],{"class":180},[56,148270,8745],{"class":184},[56,148272,181],{"class":180},[56,148274,120],{"class":70},[56,148276,38475],{"class":66},[56,148278,910],{"class":74},[56,148280,6484],{"class":70},[56,148282,148283,148285,148287,148289,148292,148294],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148284,8160],{"class":111},[56,148286,115],{"class":70},[56,148288,181],{"class":180},[56,148290,148291],{"class":184},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[56,148293,181],{"class":180},[56,148295,238],{"class":70},[20,148297,241],{},[47,148299,148301],{"className":49,"code":148300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148302,148303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148304,148305,148308,148310,148312,148314,148317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148306,148307],{"class":62},"The answer ",[56,148309,254],{"class":180},[56,148311,8745],{"class":184},[56,148313,254],{"class":180},[56,148315,148316],{"class":62}," appears more than once",[56,148318,122306],{"class":70},[42,148320,41125],{"id":41124},[20,148322,35486,148323,104490],{},[15,148324,147799],{},[143,148326,148327,148330,148333,148336],{},[146,148328,148329],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[146,148331,148332],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[146,148334,148335],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[146,148337,148338],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148340,163],{},[47,148342,148344],{"className":49,"code":148343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148345,148346,148374,148378,148400],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148347,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148349,5151],{"class":62},[56,148351,67],{"class":66},[56,148353,9324],{"class":70},[56,148355,444],{"class":74},[56,148357,78],{"class":70},[56,148359,449],{"class":74},[56,148361,78],{"class":70},[56,148363,508],{"class":74},[56,148365,78],{"class":70},[56,148367,454],{"class":74},[56,148369,78],{"class":70},[56,148371,508],{"class":74},[56,148373,238],{"class":70},[56,148375,148376],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148377,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148379,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148381,7087],{"class":3965},[56,148383,5198],{"class":62},[56,148385,98],{"class":70},[56,148387,41339],{"class":101},[56,148389,115],{"class":70},[56,148391,444],{"class":74},[56,148393,120],{"class":70},[56,148395,51369],{"class":66},[56,148397,81],{"class":74},[56,148399,6484],{"class":70},[56,148401,148402,148404,148406,148408,148411,148413],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148403,8160],{"class":111},[56,148405,115],{"class":70},[56,148407,181],{"class":180},[56,148409,148410],{"class":184},"The score 10 is repeated.",[56,148412,181],{"class":180},[56,148414,238],{"class":70},[20,148416,241],{},[47,148418,148420],{"className":49,"code":148419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148421,148422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148423,148424,148427,148429,148431,148434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148425,148426],{"class":62},"The score ",[56,148428,444],{"class":74},[56,148430,8187],{"class":66},[56,148432,148433],{"class":62}," repeated",[56,148435,122306],{"class":70},[42,148437,148439],{"id":148438},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148441,148442],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[143,148444,148445,148451,148456,148459],{},[146,148446,148447,148448,148450],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148449,57365],{}," still works because it only reads data",[146,148452,148453,148455],{},[15,148454,57365],{}," counts exact matches",[146,148457,148458],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[146,148460,148461,4480,148463,148465],{},[15,148462,75],{},[15,148464,42237],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148467,163],{},[47,148469,148471],{"className":49,"code":148470,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148472,148473,148507,148511,148531,148555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148474,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148488,148490,148492,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148476,3912],{"class":62},[56,148478,67],{"class":66},[56,148480,9324],{"class":70},[56,148482,75],{"class":74},[56,148484,78],{"class":70},[56,148486,148487],{"class":74}," 1.0",[56,148489,78],{"class":70},[56,148491,191],{"class":180},[56,148493,148494],{"class":184},"Cat",[56,148496,181],{"class":180},[56,148498,78],{"class":70},[56,148500,191],{"class":180},[56,148502,37126],{"class":184},[56,148504,181],{"class":180},[56,148506,238],{"class":70},[56,148508,148509],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148510,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148512,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148514,112],{"class":111},[56,148516,115],{"class":70},[56,148518,5448],{"class":101},[56,148520,98],{"class":70},[56,148522,41339],{"class":101},[56,148524,115],{"class":70},[56,148526,75],{"class":74},[56,148528,5451],{"class":70},[56,148530,51175],{"class":123},[56,148532,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148534,112],{"class":111},[56,148536,115],{"class":70},[56,148538,5448],{"class":101},[56,148540,98],{"class":70},[56,148542,41339],{"class":101},[56,148544,115],{"class":70},[56,148546,181],{"class":180},[56,148548,148494],{"class":184},[56,148550,181],{"class":180},[56,148552,5451],{"class":70},[56,148554,27862],{"class":123},[56,148556,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,148558,112],{"class":111},[56,148560,115],{"class":70},[56,148562,5448],{"class":101},[56,148564,98],{"class":70},[56,148566,41339],{"class":101},[56,148568,115],{"class":70},[56,148570,181],{"class":180},[56,148572,37126],{"class":184},[56,148574,181],{"class":180},[56,148576,5451],{"class":70},[56,148578,27862],{"class":123},[20,148580,5246,148581,5249,148584,1911],{},[15,148582,148583],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148585,1097],{},[20,148587,8872,148588,4871,148591,148593],{},[15,148589,148590],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148592,3698],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[42,148595,1418],{"id":1417},[1030,148597,1441,148599,148601],{"id":148598},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148600,41339],{}," without parentheses",[20,148603,148604],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[47,148606,148608],{"className":49,"code":148607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148609,148610,148634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148611,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148613,63],{"class":62},[56,148615,67],{"class":66},[56,148617,9324],{"class":70},[56,148619,75],{"class":74},[56,148621,78],{"class":70},[56,148623,81],{"class":74},[56,148625,78],{"class":70},[56,148627,81],{"class":74},[56,148629,78],{"class":70},[56,148631,86],{"class":74},[56,148633,238],{"class":70},[56,148635,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148637,112],{"class":111},[56,148639,115],{"class":70},[56,148641,95],{"class":101},[56,148643,98],{"class":70},[56,148645,41339],{"class":24831},[56,148647,238],{"class":70},[20,148649,148650],{},"To call the method correctly:",[47,148652,148654],{"className":49,"code":148653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148655,148656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148657,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148659,112],{"class":111},[56,148661,115],{"class":70},[56,148663,95],{"class":101},[56,148665,98],{"class":70},[56,148667,41339],{"class":101},[56,148669,115],{"class":70},[56,148671,1097],{"class":74},[56,148673,1553],{"class":70},[1030,148675,1435,148676,8543,148678,2976,148680],{"id":58668},[15,148677,57365],{},[15,148679,3698],{},[15,148681,3764],{},[20,148683,148684,58679],{},[15,148685,57365],{},[47,148687,148689],{"className":49,"code":148688,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148690,148691,148723,148745,148749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148692,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148694,173],{"class":62},[56,148696,67],{"class":66},[56,148698,9324],{"class":70},[56,148700,181],{"class":180},[56,148702,36],{"class":184},[56,148704,181],{"class":180},[56,148706,78],{"class":70},[56,148708,191],{"class":180},[56,148710,194],{"class":184},[56,148712,181],{"class":180},[56,148714,78],{"class":70},[56,148716,191],{"class":180},[56,148718,36],{"class":184},[56,148720,181],{"class":180},[56,148722,238],{"class":70},[56,148724,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148726,1156],{"class":62},[56,148728,67],{"class":66},[56,148730,70170],{"class":62},[56,148732,98],{"class":70},[56,148734,41339],{"class":101},[56,148736,115],{"class":70},[56,148738,181],{"class":180},[56,148740,36],{"class":184},[56,148742,181],{"class":180},[56,148744,238],{"class":70},[56,148746,148747],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148748,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148750,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148752,112],{"class":111},[56,148754,115],{"class":70},[56,148756,1190],{"class":101},[56,148758,120],{"class":70},[56,148760,51496],{"class":123},[20,148762,148763,148764,148766],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148765,3972],{}," is often simpler:",[47,148768,148770],{"className":49,"code":148769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148771,148772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148773,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148775,112],{"class":111},[56,148777,115],{"class":70},[56,148779,181],{"class":180},[56,148781,36],{"class":184},[56,148783,181],{"class":180},[56,148785,21254],{"class":3965},[56,148787,70170],{"class":101},[56,148789,120],{"class":70},[56,148791,3754],{"class":123},[1030,148793,1447,148795,1450,148797],{"id":148794},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148796,147799],{},[15,148798,57370],{},[20,148800,148801],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148803,148804],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1030,148806,148808],{"id":148807},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148810,148811,148813],{},[15,148812,57365],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[47,148815,148817],{"className":49,"code":148816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148818,148819,148852,148878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148820,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831,148833,148835,148837,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148822,4159],{"class":62},[56,148824,67],{"class":66},[56,148826,9324],{"class":70},[56,148828,181],{"class":180},[56,148830,562],{"class":184},[56,148832,181],{"class":180},[56,148834,78],{"class":70},[56,148836,191],{"class":180},[56,148838,148839],{"class":184},"pineapple",[56,148841,181],{"class":180},[56,148843,78],{"class":70},[56,148845,191],{"class":180},[56,148847,562],{"class":184},[56,148849,181],{"class":180},[56,148851,238],{"class":70},[56,148853,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148871,148873,148875],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148855,112],{"class":111},[56,148857,115],{"class":70},[56,148859,4200],{"class":101},[56,148861,98],{"class":70},[56,148863,41339],{"class":101},[56,148865,115],{"class":70},[56,148867,181],{"class":180},[56,148869,148870],{"class":184},"app",[56,148872,181],{"class":180},[56,148874,5451],{"class":70},[56,148876,148877],{"class":123},"    # 0\n",[56,148879,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148881,112],{"class":111},[56,148883,115],{"class":70},[56,148885,4200],{"class":101},[56,148887,98],{"class":70},[56,148889,41339],{"class":101},[56,148891,115],{"class":70},[56,148893,181],{"class":180},[56,148895,562],{"class":184},[56,148897,181],{"class":180},[56,148899,5451],{"class":70},[56,148901,51496],{"class":123},[20,148903,148904,148907,148908,98],{},[15,148905,148906],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148909,2218],{},[42,148911,148913],{"id":148912},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148915,148916],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[143,148918,148919,148924,148933,148939],{},[146,148920,650,148921,148923],{},[15,148922,3972],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[146,148925,650,148926,148932],{},[36,148927,148929,148930],{"href":148928},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148931,59043],{}," to find the position of a value",[146,148934,650,148935,148938],{},[15,148936,148937],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[146,148940,148941],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148943,46121,148944,141],{},[15,148945,3972],{},[47,148947,148949],{"className":49,"code":148948,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148950,148951,148971,148975,148991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148952,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148954,63],{"class":62},[56,148956,67],{"class":66},[56,148958,9324],{"class":70},[56,148960,2602],{"class":74},[56,148962,78],{"class":70},[56,148964,6084],{"class":74},[56,148966,78],{"class":70},[56,148968,54216],{"class":74},[56,148970,238],{"class":70},[56,148972,148973],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,148974,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,148976,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,148978,112],{"class":111},[56,148980,115],{"class":70},[56,148982,2125],{"class":74},[56,148984,21254],{"class":3965},[56,148986,850],{"class":101},[56,148988,120],{"class":70},[56,148990,43935],{"class":123},[56,148992,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,148994,112],{"class":111},[56,148996,115],{"class":70},[56,148998,2235],{"class":74},[56,149000,21254],{"class":3965},[56,149002,850],{"class":101},[56,149004,120],{"class":70},[56,149006,43952],{"class":123},[20,149008,46121,149009,141],{},[15,149010,59043],{},[47,149012,149014],{"className":49,"code":149013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149015,149016,149040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149017,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149019,63],{"class":62},[56,149021,67],{"class":66},[56,149023,9324],{"class":70},[56,149025,2602],{"class":74},[56,149027,78],{"class":70},[56,149029,6084],{"class":74},[56,149031,78],{"class":70},[56,149033,54216],{"class":74},[56,149035,78],{"class":70},[56,149037,6084],{"class":74},[56,149039,238],{"class":70},[56,149041,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149043,112],{"class":111},[56,149045,115],{"class":70},[56,149047,95],{"class":101},[56,149049,98],{"class":70},[56,149051,35927],{"class":101},[56,149053,115],{"class":70},[56,149055,2125],{"class":74},[56,149057,5451],{"class":70},[56,149059,27862],{"class":123},[20,149061,149062,149064,149065,149067,149069],{},[15,149063,57365],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9934,149066],{},[15,149068,59043],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[42,149071,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,149073,5230,149075,5233],{"id":149074},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149076,147799],{},[20,149078,149079],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1030,149081,1892,149083,149085],{"id":149082},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149084,147799],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149087,149088],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1030,149090,149092],{"id":149091},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149094,11995,149095,98],{},[15,149096,2218],{},[1030,149098,5258,149100,149102],{"id":149099},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149101,147799],{}," count strings?",[20,149104,149105],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1030,149107,5268,149109,4480,149111,1911],{"id":149108},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149110,147799],{},[15,149112,149113],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149115,149116,149118,149119,149121],{},[15,149117,57365],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149120,59043],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[42,149123,1996],{"id":1995},[143,149125,149126,149130,149135,149142,149150],{},[146,149127,149128],{},[36,149129,147908],{"href":147907},[146,149131,149132],{},[36,149133,149134],{"href":147911},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[146,149136,149137],{},[36,149138,149139,149140,1384],{"href":148928},"Python tuple ",[15,149141,59043],{},[146,149143,149144],{},[36,149145,149147,149148],{"href":149146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149149,42440],{},[146,149151,149152],{},[36,149153,59031],{"href":59030},[2028,149155,149156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":149158},[149159,149161,149164,149165,149166,149167,149168,149176,149177,149188],{"id":147875,"depth":92,"text":149160},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147915,"depth":92,"text":147916,"children":149162},[149163],{"id":103026,"depth":108,"text":103027},{"id":424,"depth":92,"text":425},{"id":38098,"depth":92,"text":38099},{"id":41124,"depth":92,"text":41125},{"id":148438,"depth":92,"text":148439},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":149169},[149170,149172,149173,149175],{"id":148598,"depth":108,"text":149171},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58668,"depth":108,"text":59084},{"id":148794,"depth":108,"text":149174},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148807,"depth":108,"text":148808},{"id":148912,"depth":92,"text":148913},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":149178},[149179,149181,149183,149184,149186],{"id":149074,"depth":108,"text":149180},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149082,"depth":108,"text":149182},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149091,"depth":108,"text":149092},{"id":149099,"depth":108,"text":149185},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149108,"depth":108,"text":149187},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147786,"description":149189},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149196,"title":149197,"body":149198,"description":150885,"extension":2062,"meta":150886,"navigation":600,"path":150887,"seo":150888,"stem":150889,"__hash__":150890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149199,"toc":150848},[149200,149203,149206,149215,149217,149347,149349,149410,149416,149418,149438,149442,149445,149448,149483,149485,149506,149509,149548,149550,149575,149582,149586,149589,149626,149628,149651,149654,149657,149669,149675,149679,149682,149688,149729,149731,149754,149757,149798,149800,149827,149829,149846,149848,149865,149868,149872,149875,149877,149911,149913,149960,149964,150003,150007,150010,150067,150069,150110,150116,150122,150127,150129,150166,150168,150188,150190,150223,150225,150258,150261,150265,150298,150300,150325,150328,150330,150344,150351,150353,150356,150360,150363,150398,150401,150436,150440,150443,150482,150485,150524,150528,150530,150560,150563,150570,150572,150604,150607,150639,150642,150673,150675,150692,150696,150699,150763,150765,150769,150776,150780,150783,150787,150790,150794,150797,150802,150808,150810,150845],[10,149201,149197],{"id":149202},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149204,149205],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149207,149208,149209,2976,149213,98],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[36,149210,149212],{"href":149211},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[36,149214,147908],{"href":147907},[42,149216,2104],{"id":2103},[47,149218,149220],{"className":49,"code":149219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149221,149222,149242,149251,149265,149301,149305,149315,149325,149336],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149225,63],{"class":62},[56,149227,67],{"class":66},[56,149229,9324],{"class":70},[56,149231,75],{"class":74},[56,149233,78],{"class":70},[56,149235,81],{"class":74},[56,149237,78],{"class":70},[56,149239,86],{"class":74},[56,149241,238],{"class":70},[56,149243,149244,149246,149248],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149245,124772],{"class":62},[56,149247,67],{"class":66},[56,149249,149250],{"class":70}," ()\n",[56,149252,149253,149256,149258,149260,149262],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,149254,149255],{"class":62},"one_item ",[56,149257,67],{"class":66},[56,149259,9324],{"class":70},[56,149261,2235],{"class":74},[56,149263,149264],{"class":70},",)\n",[56,149266,149267,149270,149272,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,149268,149269],{"class":62},"from_list ",[56,149271,67],{"class":66},[56,149273,149274],{"class":1545}," tuple",[56,149276,3084],{"class":70},[56,149278,181],{"class":180},[56,149280,36],{"class":184},[56,149282,181],{"class":180},[56,149284,78],{"class":70},[56,149286,191],{"class":180},[56,149288,194],{"class":184},[56,149290,181],{"class":180},[56,149292,78],{"class":70},[56,149294,191],{"class":180},[56,149296,203],{"class":184},[56,149298,181],{"class":180},[56,149300,1607],{"class":70},[56,149302,149303],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,149304,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,149306,149307,149309,149311,149313],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,149308,112],{"class":111},[56,149310,115],{"class":70},[56,149312,95],{"class":101},[56,149314,238],{"class":70},[56,149316,149317,149319,149321,149323],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,149318,112],{"class":111},[56,149320,115],{"class":70},[56,149322,124823],{"class":101},[56,149324,238],{"class":70},[56,149326,149327,149329,149331,149334],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,149328,112],{"class":111},[56,149330,115],{"class":70},[56,149332,149333],{"class":101},"one_item",[56,149335,238],{"class":70},[56,149337,149338,149340,149342,149345],{"class":58,"line":1592},[56,149339,112],{"class":111},[56,149341,115],{"class":70},[56,149343,149344],{"class":101},"from_list",[56,149346,238],{"class":70},[20,149348,241],{},[47,149350,149352],{"className":49,"code":149351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149353,149354,149370,149374,149382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149355,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149357,115],{"class":70},[56,149359,75],{"class":74},[56,149361,78],{"class":70},[56,149363,81],{"class":74},[56,149365,78],{"class":70},[56,149367,86],{"class":74},[56,149369,238],{"class":70},[56,149371,149372],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149373,105],{"class":70},[56,149375,149376,149378,149380],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,149377,115],{"class":70},[56,149379,2235],{"class":74},[56,149381,149264],{"class":70},[56,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,149385,115],{"class":70},[56,149387,254],{"class":180},[56,149389,36],{"class":184},[56,149391,254],{"class":180},[56,149393,78],{"class":70},[56,149395,263],{"class":180},[56,149397,194],{"class":184},[56,149399,254],{"class":180},[56,149401,78],{"class":70},[56,149403,263],{"class":180},[56,149405,203],{"class":184},[56,149407,254],{"class":180},[56,149409,238],{"class":70},[20,149411,149412,149413,98],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149414,149415],{},"(5,)",[42,149417,15242],{"id":15241},[143,149419,149420,149423,149426,149429,149432,149435],{},[146,149421,149422],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[146,149424,149425],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[146,149427,149428],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[146,149430,149431],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[146,149433,149434],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[146,149436,149437],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[42,149439,149441],{"id":149440},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149443,149444],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149446,149447],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[47,149449,149451],{"className":49,"code":149450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149452,149453,149473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149454,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149456,63],{"class":62},[56,149458,67],{"class":66},[56,149460,9324],{"class":70},[56,149462,75],{"class":74},[56,149464,78],{"class":70},[56,149466,81],{"class":74},[56,149468,78],{"class":70},[56,149470,86],{"class":74},[56,149472,238],{"class":70},[56,149474,149475,149477,149479,149481],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149476,112],{"class":111},[56,149478,115],{"class":70},[56,149480,95],{"class":101},[56,149482,238],{"class":70},[20,149484,241],{},[47,149486,149488],{"className":49,"code":149487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149489,149490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149491,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149493,115],{"class":70},[56,149495,75],{"class":74},[56,149497,78],{"class":70},[56,149499,81],{"class":74},[56,149501,78],{"class":70},[56,149503,86],{"class":74},[56,149505,238],{"class":70},[20,149507,149508],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[47,149510,149512],{"className":49,"code":149511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149513,149514,149538],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149517,9253],{"class":62},[56,149519,67],{"class":66},[56,149521,9324],{"class":70},[56,149523,75],{"class":74},[56,149525,78],{"class":70},[56,149527,191],{"class":180},[56,149529,562],{"class":184},[56,149531,181],{"class":180},[56,149533,78],{"class":70},[56,149535,4004],{"class":893},[56,149537,238],{"class":70},[56,149539,149540,149542,149544,149546],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149541,112],{"class":111},[56,149543,115],{"class":70},[56,149545,9292],{"class":101},[56,149547,238],{"class":70},[20,149549,241],{},[47,149551,149553],{"className":49,"code":149552,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149554,149555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149556,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149558,115],{"class":70},[56,149560,75],{"class":74},[56,149562,78],{"class":70},[56,149564,263],{"class":180},[56,149566,562],{"class":184},[56,149568,254],{"class":180},[56,149570,78],{"class":70},[56,149572,4004],{"class":893},[56,149574,238],{"class":70},[20,149576,149577,149578,98],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[36,149579,149581],{"href":149580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[42,149583,149585],{"id":149584},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149587,149588],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[47,149590,149592],{"className":49,"code":149591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149593,149594,149602,149612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149595,149596,149598,149600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149597,124772],{"class":62},[56,149599,67],{"class":66},[56,149601,149250],{"class":70},[56,149603,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149605,112],{"class":111},[56,149607,115],{"class":70},[56,149609,124823],{"class":101},[56,149611,238],{"class":70},[56,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,149615,112],{"class":111},[56,149617,115],{"class":70},[56,149619,1546],{"class":1545},[56,149621,115],{"class":70},[56,149623,124823],{"class":101},[56,149625,1553],{"class":70},[20,149627,241],{},[47,149629,149631],{"className":49,"code":149630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149632,149633,149637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149634,149635],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149636,105],{"class":70},[56,149638,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149640,1635],{"class":66},[56,149642,1639],{"class":1638},[56,149644,263],{"class":180},[56,149646,49034],{"class":184},[56,149648,254],{"class":180},[56,149650,1649],{"class":66},[20,149652,149653],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149655,149656],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[143,149658,149659,149664],{},[146,149660,149661,149662],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149663,7456],{},[146,149665,149666,149667],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149668,3876],{},[20,149670,149671,149672,98],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[36,149673,149674],{"href":57228},"Python list: creating a list",[42,149676,149678],{"id":149677},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149680,149681],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149683,149684,149685,149687],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[540,149686,931],{}," automatically a tuple:",[47,149689,149691],{"className":49,"code":149690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149692,149693,149705,149715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149696,2544],{"class":62},[56,149698,67],{"class":66},[56,149700,9324],{"class":70},[56,149702,2235],{"class":74},[56,149704,238],{"class":70},[56,149706,149707,149709,149711,149713],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149708,112],{"class":111},[56,149710,115],{"class":70},[56,149712,2570],{"class":101},[56,149714,238],{"class":70},[56,149716,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,149718,112],{"class":111},[56,149720,115],{"class":70},[56,149722,1546],{"class":1545},[56,149724,115],{"class":70},[56,149726,2570],{"class":101},[56,149728,1553],{"class":70},[20,149730,241],{},[47,149732,149734],{"className":49,"code":149733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149735,149736,149740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149737,149738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149739,3045],{"class":74},[56,149741,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149743,1635],{"class":66},[56,149745,1639],{"class":1638},[56,149747,263],{"class":180},[56,149749,2286],{"class":184},[56,149751,254],{"class":180},[56,149753,1649],{"class":66},[20,149755,149756],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[47,149758,149760],{"className":49,"code":149759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149761,149762,149774,149784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149763,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149765,149255],{"class":62},[56,149767,67],{"class":66},[56,149769,9324],{"class":70},[56,149771,2235],{"class":74},[56,149773,149264],{"class":70},[56,149775,149776,149778,149780,149782],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149777,112],{"class":111},[56,149779,115],{"class":70},[56,149781,149333],{"class":101},[56,149783,238],{"class":70},[56,149785,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794,149796],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,149787,112],{"class":111},[56,149789,115],{"class":70},[56,149791,1546],{"class":1545},[56,149793,115],{"class":70},[56,149795,149333],{"class":101},[56,149797,1553],{"class":70},[20,149799,241],{},[47,149801,149803],{"className":49,"code":149802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149804,149805,149813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149806,149807,149809,149811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149808,115],{"class":70},[56,149810,2235],{"class":74},[56,149812,149264],{"class":70},[56,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149816,1635],{"class":66},[56,149818,1639],{"class":1638},[56,149820,263],{"class":180},[56,149822,49034],{"class":184},[56,149824,254],{"class":180},[56,149826,1649],{"class":66},[20,149828,16736],{},[47,149830,149832],{"className":49,"code":149831,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149833,149834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149835,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149837,115],{"class":70},[56,149839,181],{"class":180},[56,149841,562],{"class":184},[56,149843,181],{"class":180},[56,149845,149264],{"class":70},[20,149847,16724],{},[47,149849,149851],{"className":49,"code":149850,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149852,149853],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149854,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149856,115],{"class":70},[56,149858,181],{"class":180},[56,149860,562],{"class":184},[56,149862,181],{"class":180},[56,149864,238],{"class":70},[20,149866,149867],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[42,149869,149871],{"id":149870},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149873,149874],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1030,149876,56537],{"id":95},[47,149878,149879],{"className":49,"code":149450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,149880,149881,149901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149882,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149884,63],{"class":62},[56,149886,67],{"class":66},[56,149888,9324],{"class":70},[56,149890,75],{"class":74},[56,149892,78],{"class":70},[56,149894,81],{"class":74},[56,149896,78],{"class":70},[56,149898,86],{"class":74},[56,149900,238],{"class":70},[56,149902,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149904,112],{"class":111},[56,149906,115],{"class":70},[56,149908,95],{"class":101},[56,149910,238],{"class":70},[1030,149912,56540],{"id":5398},[47,149914,149916],{"className":49,"code":149915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149917,149918,149950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149919,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149921,334],{"class":62},[56,149923,67],{"class":66},[56,149925,9324],{"class":70},[56,149927,181],{"class":180},[56,149929,343],{"class":184},[56,149931,181],{"class":180},[56,149933,78],{"class":70},[56,149935,191],{"class":180},[56,149937,352],{"class":184},[56,149939,181],{"class":180},[56,149941,78],{"class":70},[56,149943,191],{"class":180},[56,149945,361],{"class":184},[56,149947,181],{"class":180},[56,149949,238],{"class":70},[56,149951,149952,149954,149956,149958],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149953,112],{"class":111},[56,149955,115],{"class":70},[56,149957,370],{"class":101},[56,149959,238],{"class":70},[1030,149961,149963],{"id":149962},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[47,149965,149967],{"className":49,"code":149966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149968,149969,149993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149970,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149972,59548],{"class":62},[56,149974,67],{"class":66},[56,149976,9324],{"class":70},[56,149978,75],{"class":74},[56,149980,78],{"class":70},[56,149982,191],{"class":180},[56,149984,562],{"class":184},[56,149986,181],{"class":180},[56,149988,78],{"class":70},[56,149990,4004],{"class":893},[56,149992,238],{"class":70},[56,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,149996,112],{"class":111},[56,149998,115],{"class":70},[56,150000,59601],{"class":101},[56,150002,238],{"class":70},[1030,150004,150006],{"id":150005},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150008,150009],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[47,150011,150013],{"className":49,"code":150012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150014,150015,150056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150016,150017,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150018,150019],{"class":62},"nested ",[56,150021,67],{"class":66},[56,150023,9324],{"class":70},[56,150025,75],{"class":74},[56,150027,78],{"class":70},[56,150029,9324],{"class":70},[56,150031,181],{"class":180},[56,150033,36],{"class":184},[56,150035,181],{"class":180},[56,150037,78],{"class":70},[56,150039,191],{"class":180},[56,150041,194],{"class":184},[56,150043,181],{"class":180},[56,150045,9321],{"class":70},[56,150047,71],{"class":70},[56,150049,444],{"class":74},[56,150051,78],{"class":70},[56,150053,449],{"class":74},[56,150055,1607],{"class":70},[56,150057,150058,150060,150062,150065],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150059,112],{"class":111},[56,150061,115],{"class":70},[56,150063,150064],{"class":101},"nested",[56,150066,238],{"class":70},[20,150068,241],{},[47,150070,150072],{"className":49,"code":150071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150073,150074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150075,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150077,115],{"class":70},[56,150079,75],{"class":74},[56,150081,78],{"class":70},[56,150083,9324],{"class":70},[56,150085,254],{"class":180},[56,150087,36],{"class":184},[56,150089,254],{"class":180},[56,150091,78],{"class":70},[56,150093,263],{"class":180},[56,150095,194],{"class":184},[56,150097,254],{"class":180},[56,150099,9321],{"class":70},[56,150101,71],{"class":70},[56,150103,444],{"class":74},[56,150105,78],{"class":70},[56,150107,449],{"class":74},[56,150109,1607],{"class":70},[42,150111,150113,150114],{"id":150112},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150115,38125],{},[20,150117,150118,150119,150121],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150120,38125],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150123,150124,150125,98],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[36,150126,63292],{"href":63291},[1030,150128,105167],{"id":105166},[47,150130,150132],{"className":49,"code":150131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150133,150134,150156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150135,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150137,63],{"class":62},[56,150139,67],{"class":66},[56,150141,149274],{"class":1545},[56,150143,3084],{"class":70},[56,150145,75],{"class":74},[56,150147,78],{"class":70},[56,150149,81],{"class":74},[56,150151,78],{"class":70},[56,150153,86],{"class":74},[56,150155,1607],{"class":70},[56,150157,150158,150160,150162,150164],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150159,112],{"class":111},[56,150161,115],{"class":70},[56,150163,95],{"class":101},[56,150165,238],{"class":70},[20,150167,241],{},[47,150169,150170],{"className":49,"code":149487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150171,150172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150173,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150175,115],{"class":70},[56,150177,75],{"class":74},[56,150179,78],{"class":70},[56,150181,81],{"class":74},[56,150183,78],{"class":70},[56,150185,86],{"class":74},[56,150187,238],{"class":70},[1030,150189,105353],{"id":105352},[47,150191,150193],{"className":49,"code":150192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150194,150195,150213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150196,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150198,173],{"class":62},[56,150200,67],{"class":66},[56,150202,149274],{"class":1545},[56,150204,115],{"class":70},[56,150206,181],{"class":180},[56,150208,41640],{"class":184},[56,150210,181],{"class":180},[56,150212,238],{"class":70},[56,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150216,112],{"class":111},[56,150218,115],{"class":70},[56,150220,221],{"class":101},[56,150222,238],{"class":70},[20,150224,241],{},[47,150226,150228],{"className":49,"code":150227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150229,150230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150231,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150233,115],{"class":70},[56,150235,254],{"class":180},[56,150237,36],{"class":184},[56,150239,254],{"class":180},[56,150241,78],{"class":70},[56,150243,263],{"class":180},[56,150245,194],{"class":184},[56,150247,254],{"class":180},[56,150249,78],{"class":70},[56,150251,263],{"class":180},[56,150253,203],{"class":184},[56,150255,254],{"class":180},[56,150257,238],{"class":70},[20,150259,150260],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1030,150262,150264],{"id":150263},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[47,150266,150268],{"className":49,"code":150267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150269,150270,150288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150271,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150273,3912],{"class":62},[56,150275,67],{"class":66},[56,150277,149274],{"class":1545},[56,150279,115],{"class":70},[56,150281,60074],{"class":111},[56,150283,115],{"class":70},[56,150285,2602],{"class":74},[56,150287,1553],{"class":70},[56,150289,150290,150292,150294,150296],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150291,112],{"class":111},[56,150293,115],{"class":70},[56,150295,5448],{"class":101},[56,150297,238],{"class":70},[20,150299,241],{},[47,150301,150303],{"className":49,"code":150302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150304,150305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150306,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150308,115],{"class":70},[56,150310,2218],{"class":74},[56,150312,78],{"class":70},[56,150314,910],{"class":74},[56,150316,78],{"class":70},[56,150318,81],{"class":74},[56,150320,78],{"class":70},[56,150322,86],{"class":74},[56,150324,238],{"class":70},[20,150326,150327],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[42,150329,20881],{"id":20880},[143,150331,150332,150335,150338,150341],{},[146,150333,150334],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[146,150336,150337],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[146,150339,150340],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[146,150342,150343],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150345,150346,150347,98],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[36,150348,150350],{"href":150349},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[42,150352,1418],{"id":1417},[20,150354,150355],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1030,150357,150359],{"id":150358},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150361,150362],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[47,150364,150366],{"className":49,"code":150365,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150367,150368,150384],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150369,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150371,28619],{"class":62},[56,150373,67],{"class":66},[56,150375,9324],{"class":70},[56,150377,181],{"class":180},[56,150379,562],{"class":184},[56,150381,181],{"class":180},[56,150383,238],{"class":70},[56,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150387,112],{"class":111},[56,150389,115],{"class":70},[56,150391,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150393,115],{"class":70},[56,150395,23391],{"class":101},[56,150397,1553],{"class":70},[20,150399,150400],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[47,150402,150404],{"className":49,"code":150403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150405,150406,150422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150407,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150409,28619],{"class":62},[56,150411,67],{"class":66},[56,150413,9324],{"class":70},[56,150415,181],{"class":180},[56,150417,562],{"class":184},[56,150419,181],{"class":180},[56,150421,149264],{"class":70},[56,150423,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150425,112],{"class":111},[56,150427,115],{"class":70},[56,150429,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150431,115],{"class":70},[56,150433,23391],{"class":101},[56,150435,1553],{"class":70},[1030,150437,150439],{"id":150438},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150441,150442],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[47,150444,150446],{"className":49,"code":150445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150447,150448,150468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150449,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150451,3912],{"class":62},[56,150453,67],{"class":66},[56,150455,71],{"class":70},[56,150457,75],{"class":74},[56,150459,78],{"class":70},[56,150461,81],{"class":74},[56,150463,78],{"class":70},[56,150465,86],{"class":74},[56,150467,89],{"class":70},[56,150469,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150471,112],{"class":111},[56,150473,115],{"class":70},[56,150475,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150477,115],{"class":70},[56,150479,5448],{"class":101},[56,150481,1553],{"class":70},[20,150483,150484],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[47,150486,150488],{"className":49,"code":150487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150489,150490,150510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150491,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150493,3912],{"class":62},[56,150495,67],{"class":66},[56,150497,9324],{"class":70},[56,150499,75],{"class":74},[56,150501,78],{"class":70},[56,150503,81],{"class":74},[56,150505,78],{"class":70},[56,150507,86],{"class":74},[56,150509,238],{"class":70},[56,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150513,112],{"class":111},[56,150515,115],{"class":70},[56,150517,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150519,115],{"class":70},[56,150521,5448],{"class":101},[56,150523,1553],{"class":70},[1030,150525,150527],{"id":150526},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150529,150340],{},[47,150531,150533],{"className":49,"code":150532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150534,150535,150555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150536,150537,150539,150541,150543,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150538,63],{"class":62},[56,150540,67],{"class":66},[56,150542,9324],{"class":70},[56,150544,75],{"class":74},[56,150546,78],{"class":70},[56,150548,81],{"class":74},[56,150550,78],{"class":70},[56,150552,86],{"class":74},[56,150554,238],{"class":70},[56,150556,150557],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150558,150559],{"class":123},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150561,150562],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1030,150564,1447,150566,150569],{"id":150565},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150567,150568],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150571,64717],{},[47,150573,150574],{"className":49,"code":150192,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150575,150576,150594],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150579,173],{"class":62},[56,150581,67],{"class":66},[56,150583,149274],{"class":1545},[56,150585,115],{"class":70},[56,150587,181],{"class":180},[56,150589,41640],{"class":184},[56,150591,181],{"class":180},[56,150593,238],{"class":70},[56,150595,150596,150598,150600,150602],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150597,112],{"class":111},[56,150599,115],{"class":70},[56,150601,221],{"class":101},[56,150603,238],{"class":70},[20,150605,150606],{},"gives:",[47,150608,150609],{"className":49,"code":150227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,150610,150611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150612,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150614,115],{"class":70},[56,150616,254],{"class":180},[56,150618,36],{"class":184},[56,150620,254],{"class":180},[56,150622,78],{"class":70},[56,150624,263],{"class":180},[56,150626,194],{"class":184},[56,150628,254],{"class":180},[56,150630,78],{"class":70},[56,150632,263],{"class":180},[56,150634,203],{"class":184},[56,150636,254],{"class":180},[56,150638,238],{"class":70},[20,150640,150641],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[47,150643,150645],{"className":49,"code":150644,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150646,150647,150663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150650,6244],{"class":62},[56,150652,67],{"class":66},[56,150654,9324],{"class":70},[56,150656,181],{"class":180},[56,150658,41640],{"class":184},[56,150660,181],{"class":180},[56,150662,149264],{"class":70},[56,150664,150665,150667,150669,150671],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150666,112],{"class":111},[56,150668,115],{"class":70},[56,150670,38470],{"class":101},[56,150672,238],{"class":70},[20,150674,241],{},[47,150676,150678],{"className":49,"code":150677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('abc',)\n",[15,150679,150680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150681,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150683,115],{"class":70},[56,150685,254],{"class":180},[56,150687,41640],{"class":184},[56,150689,254],{"class":180},[56,150691,149264],{"class":70},[1030,150693,150695],{"id":150694},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150697,150698],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[47,150700,150702],{"className":49,"code":150701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150703,150704,150721,150725,150735,150749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150705,150706,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150707,150708],{"class":62},"my_tuple ",[56,150710,67],{"class":66},[56,150712,9324],{"class":70},[56,150714,181],{"class":180},[56,150716,562],{"class":184},[56,150718,181],{"class":180},[56,150720,149264],{"class":70},[56,150722,150723],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150724,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,150726,150727,150729,150731,150733],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,150728,112],{"class":111},[56,150730,115],{"class":70},[56,150732,147926],{"class":101},[56,150734,238],{"class":70},[56,150736,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,150738,112],{"class":111},[56,150740,115],{"class":70},[56,150742,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150744,115],{"class":70},[56,150746,147926],{"class":101},[56,150748,1553],{"class":70},[56,150750,150751,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,150752,112],{"class":111},[56,150754,115],{"class":70},[56,150756,11250],{"class":111},[56,150758,115],{"class":70},[56,150760,147926],{"class":101},[56,150762,1553],{"class":70},[42,150764,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,150766,150768],{"id":150767},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150770,150771,150772,150775],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150773,150774],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1030,150777,150779],{"id":150778},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150781,150782],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1030,150784,150786],{"id":150785},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150788,150789],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1030,150791,150793],{"id":150792},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150795,150796],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1030,150798,5230,150800,12797],{"id":150799},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150801,150568],{},[20,150803,5236,150804,150807],{},[15,150805,150806],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[42,150809,1996],{"id":1995},[143,150811,150812,150816,150820,150826,150831,150836,150840],{},[146,150813,150814],{},[36,150815,147908],{"href":147907},[146,150817,150818],{},[36,150819,149581],{"href":149580},[146,150821,150822],{},[36,150823,150825],{"href":150824},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[146,150827,150828],{},[36,150829,150830],{"href":149146},"Python tuple length with len()",[146,150832,150833],{},[36,150834,150835],{"href":149211},"What is a tuple in Python?",[146,150837,150838],{},[36,150839,63292],{"href":63291},[146,150841,150842],{},[36,150843,150844],{"href":150349},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2028,150846,150847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":150849},[150850,150851,150852,150853,150854,150855,150861,150867,150868,150876,150884],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":149440,"depth":92,"text":149441},{"id":149584,"depth":92,"text":149585},{"id":149677,"depth":92,"text":149678},{"id":149870,"depth":92,"text":149871,"children":150856},[150857,150858,150859,150860],{"id":95,"depth":108,"text":56537},{"id":5398,"depth":108,"text":56540},{"id":149962,"depth":108,"text":149963},{"id":150005,"depth":108,"text":150006},{"id":150112,"depth":92,"text":150862,"children":150863},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150864,150865,150866],{"id":105166,"depth":108,"text":105167},{"id":105352,"depth":108,"text":105353},{"id":150263,"depth":108,"text":150264},{"id":20880,"depth":92,"text":20881},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":150869},[150870,150871,150872,150873,150875],{"id":150358,"depth":108,"text":150359},{"id":150438,"depth":108,"text":150439},{"id":150526,"depth":108,"text":150527},{"id":150565,"depth":108,"text":150874},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150694,"depth":108,"text":150695},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":150877},[150878,150879,150880,150881,150882],{"id":150767,"depth":108,"text":150768},{"id":150778,"depth":108,"text":150779},{"id":150785,"depth":108,"text":150786},{"id":150792,"depth":108,"text":150793},{"id":150799,"depth":108,"text":150883},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149197,"description":150885},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150892,"title":150893,"body":150894,"description":152439,"extension":2062,"meta":152440,"navigation":600,"path":152441,"seo":152442,"stem":152443,"__hash__":152444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150895,"toc":152409},[150896,150899,150904,150906,150919,150925,150927,150994,150996,151031,151036,151040,151044,151046,151057,151065,151067,151069,151090,151092,151112,151115,151117,151122,151165,151167,151189,151192,151205,151209,151213,151216,151269,151271,151292,151297,151301,151304,151349,151351,151384,151396,151400,151408,151445,151447,151476,151480,151483,151536,151538,151558,151565,151569,151574,151643,151645,151670,151674,151677,151683,151760,151762,151821,151823,151835,151840,151844,151848,151862,151864,151899,151901,151918,151921,151934,151938,151942,151953,151958,151973,151976,151979,151981,151984,151988,151990,152004,152006,152030,152035,152039,152042,152061,152064,152113,152118,152135,152138,152171,152175,152177,152228,152231,152256,152259,152282,152286,152292,152294,152329,152332,152337,152339,152343,152346,152350,152355,152359,152362,152366,152369,152373,152378,152380,152406],[10,150897,150893],{"id":150898},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150900,9210,150901,150903],{},[15,150902,38125],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150905,82508],{},[143,150907,150908,150913],{},[146,150909,150910,150912],{},[15,150911,38125],{}," creates an empty tuple",[146,150914,150915,150918],{},[15,150916,150917],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150920,150921,150922,150924],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150923,38125],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[42,150926,2104],{"id":2103},[47,150928,150930],{"className":49,"code":150929,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150931,150932,150952,150966,150970,150980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150933,150934,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150935,63],{"class":62},[56,150937,67],{"class":66},[56,150939,71],{"class":70},[56,150941,75],{"class":74},[56,150943,78],{"class":70},[56,150945,81],{"class":74},[56,150947,78],{"class":70},[56,150949,86],{"class":74},[56,150951,89],{"class":70},[56,150953,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,150955,1156],{"class":62},[56,150957,67],{"class":66},[56,150959,149274],{"class":1545},[56,150961,115],{"class":70},[56,150963,95],{"class":101},[56,150965,238],{"class":70},[56,150967,150968],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,150969,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,150973,112],{"class":111},[56,150975,115],{"class":70},[56,150977,1190],{"class":101},[56,150979,238],{"class":70},[56,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,150983,112],{"class":111},[56,150985,115],{"class":70},[56,150987,1546],{"class":1545},[56,150989,115],{"class":70},[56,150991,1190],{"class":101},[56,150993,1553],{"class":70},[20,150995,241],{},[47,150997,150999],{"className":49,"code":150998,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151000,151001,151017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151002,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151004,115],{"class":70},[56,151006,75],{"class":74},[56,151008,78],{"class":70},[56,151010,81],{"class":74},[56,151012,78],{"class":70},[56,151014,86],{"class":74},[56,151016,238],{"class":70},[56,151018,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151020,1635],{"class":66},[56,151022,1639],{"class":1638},[56,151024,263],{"class":180},[56,151026,49034],{"class":184},[56,151028,254],{"class":180},[56,151030,1649],{"class":66},[20,151032,650,151033,151035],{},[15,151034,150917],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[42,151037,151039],{"id":151038},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151041,151042,63000],{},[15,151043,38125],{},[20,151045,49008],{},[143,151047,151048,151051,151054],{},[146,151049,151050],{},"creates a tuple object",[146,151052,151053],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[146,151055,151056],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151058,151059,151060,151062,151063,98],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,151061,149212],{"href":149211}," or the full guide to ",[36,151064,147908],{"href":147907},[42,151066,289],{"id":288},[20,151068,26569],{},[47,151070,151072],{"className":49,"code":151071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151073,151074,151080],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151075,151076,151078],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151077,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151079,105],{"class":70},[56,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151083,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151085,115],{"class":70},[56,151087,3810],{"class":101},[56,151089,238],{"class":70},[20,151091,11546],{},[143,151093,151094,151097],{},[146,151095,151096],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[146,151098,151099,151100],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[143,151101,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110],{},[146,151103,5389],{},[146,151105,5398],{},[146,151107,63071],{},[146,151109,5395],{},[146,151111,7341],{},[20,151113,151114],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[42,151116,149585],{"id":149584},[20,151118,29731,151119,151121],{},[15,151120,38125],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[47,151123,151125],{"className":49,"code":151124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151126,151127,151137,151141,151151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151128,151129,151131,151133,151135],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151130,124772],{"class":62},[56,151132,67],{"class":66},[56,151134,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151136,105],{"class":70},[56,151138,151139],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151140,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151142,151143,151145,151147,151149],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151144,112],{"class":111},[56,151146,115],{"class":70},[56,151148,124823],{"class":101},[56,151150,238],{"class":70},[56,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151154,112],{"class":111},[56,151156,115],{"class":70},[56,151158,1546],{"class":1545},[56,151160,115],{"class":70},[56,151162,124823],{"class":101},[56,151164,1553],{"class":70},[20,151166,241],{},[47,151168,151169],{"className":49,"code":149630,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,151170,151171,151175],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151172,151173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151174,105],{"class":70},[56,151176,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151178,1635],{"class":66},[56,151180,1639],{"class":1638},[56,151182,263],{"class":180},[56,151184,49034],{"class":184},[56,151186,254],{"class":180},[56,151188,1649],{"class":66},[20,151190,151191],{},"This is equivalent to:",[47,151193,151195],{"className":49,"code":151194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\n",[15,151196,151197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151198,151199,151201,151203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151200,124772],{"class":62},[56,151202,67],{"class":66},[56,151204,149250],{"class":70},[42,151206,151208],{"id":151207},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1030,151210,151212],{"id":151211},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151214,151215],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[47,151217,151219],{"className":49,"code":151218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151220,151221,151241,151255,151259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151222,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151224,63],{"class":62},[56,151226,67],{"class":66},[56,151228,71],{"class":70},[56,151230,444],{"class":74},[56,151232,78],{"class":70},[56,151234,449],{"class":74},[56,151236,78],{"class":70},[56,151238,454],{"class":74},[56,151240,89],{"class":70},[56,151242,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151244,1156],{"class":62},[56,151246,67],{"class":66},[56,151248,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151250,115],{"class":70},[56,151252,95],{"class":101},[56,151254,238],{"class":70},[56,151256,151257],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151258,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151260,151261,151263,151265,151267],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151262,112],{"class":111},[56,151264,115],{"class":70},[56,151266,1190],{"class":101},[56,151268,238],{"class":70},[20,151270,241],{},[47,151272,151274],{"className":49,"code":151273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151275,151276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151277,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151279,115],{"class":70},[56,151281,444],{"class":74},[56,151283,78],{"class":70},[56,151285,449],{"class":74},[56,151287,78],{"class":70},[56,151289,454],{"class":74},[56,151291,238],{"class":70},[20,151293,151294,151295,98],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[36,151296,104972],{"href":60131},[1030,151298,151300],{"id":151299},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151302,151303],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[47,151305,151307],{"className":49,"code":151306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151308,151309,151321,151335,151339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151312,1466],{"class":62},[56,151314,67],{"class":66},[56,151316,191],{"class":180},[56,151318,37126],{"class":184},[56,151320,1476],{"class":180},[56,151322,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331,151333],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151324,1156],{"class":62},[56,151326,67],{"class":66},[56,151328,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151330,115],{"class":70},[56,151332,1481],{"class":101},[56,151334,238],{"class":70},[56,151336,151337],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151338,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151340,151341,151343,151345,151347],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151342,112],{"class":111},[56,151344,115],{"class":70},[56,151346,1190],{"class":101},[56,151348,238],{"class":70},[20,151350,241],{},[47,151352,151354],{"className":49,"code":151353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151355,151356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151357,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151359,115],{"class":70},[56,151361,254],{"class":180},[56,151363,203],{"class":184},[56,151365,254],{"class":180},[56,151367,78],{"class":70},[56,151369,263],{"class":180},[56,151371,36],{"class":184},[56,151373,254],{"class":180},[56,151375,78],{"class":70},[56,151377,263],{"class":180},[56,151379,63361],{"class":184},[56,151381,254],{"class":180},[56,151383,238],{"class":70},[20,151385,151386,151387,14132,151390,151392,151393,98],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151388,151389],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[540,151391,931],{}," create ",[15,151394,151395],{},"('cat',)",[1030,151397,151399],{"id":151398},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151401,151402,151404,151405,151407],{},[15,151403,36278],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151406,38125],{}," collects them all.",[47,151409,151411],{"className":49,"code":151410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151412,151413,151431,151435],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151414,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151416,1156],{"class":62},[56,151418,67],{"class":66},[56,151420,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151422,115],{"class":70},[56,151424,60074],{"class":111},[56,151426,115],{"class":70},[56,151428,2235],{"class":74},[56,151430,1553],{"class":70},[56,151432,151433],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151434,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151436,151437,151439,151441,151443],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151438,112],{"class":111},[56,151440,115],{"class":70},[56,151442,1190],{"class":101},[56,151444,238],{"class":70},[20,151446,241],{},[47,151448,151450],{"className":49,"code":151449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151451,151452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151453,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151455,115],{"class":70},[56,151457,2218],{"class":74},[56,151459,78],{"class":70},[56,151461,910],{"class":74},[56,151463,78],{"class":70},[56,151465,81],{"class":74},[56,151467,78],{"class":70},[56,151469,86],{"class":74},[56,151471,78],{"class":70},[56,151473,2554],{"class":74},[56,151475,238],{"class":70},[1030,151477,151479],{"id":151478},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151481,151482],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[47,151484,151486],{"className":49,"code":151485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151487,151488,151508,151522,151526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151489,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151491,3912],{"class":62},[56,151493,67],{"class":66},[56,151495,10579],{"class":70},[56,151497,75],{"class":74},[56,151499,78],{"class":70},[56,151501,81],{"class":74},[56,151503,78],{"class":70},[56,151505,86],{"class":74},[56,151507,9397],{"class":70},[56,151509,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151511,1156],{"class":62},[56,151513,67],{"class":66},[56,151515,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151517,115],{"class":70},[56,151519,5448],{"class":101},[56,151521,238],{"class":70},[56,151523,151524],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151525,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151527,151528,151530,151532,151534],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151529,112],{"class":111},[56,151531,115],{"class":70},[56,151533,1190],{"class":101},[56,151535,238],{"class":70},[20,151537,241],{},[47,151539,151540],{"className":49,"code":149487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,151541,151542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151543,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151545,115],{"class":70},[56,151547,75],{"class":74},[56,151549,78],{"class":70},[56,151551,81],{"class":74},[56,151553,78],{"class":70},[56,151555,86],{"class":74},[56,151557,238],{"class":70},[20,151559,151560,151561,98],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[36,151562,151564],{"href":151563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1030,151566,151568],{"id":151567},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151570,63614,151571,151573],{},[15,151572,38125],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[47,151575,151577],{"className":49,"code":151576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151578,151579,151615,151629,151633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151580,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151582,13282],{"class":62},[56,151584,67],{"class":66},[56,151586,10579],{"class":70},[56,151588,181],{"class":180},[56,151590,7759],{"class":184},[56,151592,181],{"class":180},[56,151594,141],{"class":70},[56,151596,191],{"class":180},[56,151598,12961],{"class":184},[56,151600,181],{"class":180},[56,151602,78],{"class":70},[56,151604,191],{"class":180},[56,151606,9387],{"class":184},[56,151608,181],{"class":180},[56,151610,141],{"class":70},[56,151612,9394],{"class":74},[56,151614,9397],{"class":70},[56,151616,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151618,1156],{"class":62},[56,151620,67],{"class":66},[56,151622,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151624,115],{"class":70},[56,151626,17388],{"class":101},[56,151628,238],{"class":70},[56,151630,151631],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151632,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151634,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151636,112],{"class":111},[56,151638,115],{"class":70},[56,151640,1190],{"class":101},[56,151642,238],{"class":70},[20,151644,30111],{},[47,151646,151648],{"className":49,"code":151647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151649,151650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151651,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151653,115],{"class":70},[56,151655,254],{"class":180},[56,151657,7759],{"class":184},[56,151659,254],{"class":180},[56,151661,78],{"class":70},[56,151663,263],{"class":180},[56,151665,9387],{"class":184},[56,151667,254],{"class":180},[56,151669,238],{"class":70},[42,151671,151673],{"id":151672},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151675,151676],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151678,151679,151682],{},[15,151680,151681],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[47,151684,151686],{"className":49,"code":151685,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151687,151688,151724,151728,151742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151689,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151691,13282],{"class":62},[56,151693,67],{"class":66},[56,151695,10579],{"class":70},[56,151697,181],{"class":180},[56,151699,7759],{"class":184},[56,151701,181],{"class":180},[56,151703,141],{"class":70},[56,151705,191],{"class":180},[56,151707,12961],{"class":184},[56,151709,181],{"class":180},[56,151711,78],{"class":70},[56,151713,191],{"class":180},[56,151715,9387],{"class":184},[56,151717,181],{"class":180},[56,151719,141],{"class":70},[56,151721,9394],{"class":74},[56,151723,9397],{"class":70},[56,151725,151726],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151727,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,151729,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,151731,112],{"class":111},[56,151733,115],{"class":70},[56,151735,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151737,115],{"class":70},[56,151739,17388],{"class":101},[56,151741,1553],{"class":70},[56,151743,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,151745,112],{"class":111},[56,151747,115],{"class":70},[56,151749,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151751,115],{"class":70},[56,151753,17388],{"class":101},[56,151755,98],{"class":70},[56,151757,7900],{"class":101},[56,151759,6380],{"class":70},[20,151761,241],{},[47,151763,151765],{"className":49,"code":151764,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151766,151767,151787],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151768,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151770,115],{"class":70},[56,151772,254],{"class":180},[56,151774,7759],{"class":184},[56,151776,254],{"class":180},[56,151778,78],{"class":70},[56,151780,263],{"class":180},[56,151782,9387],{"class":184},[56,151784,254],{"class":180},[56,151786,238],{"class":70},[56,151788,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151790,5600],{"class":70},[56,151792,254],{"class":180},[56,151794,7759],{"class":184},[56,151796,254],{"class":180},[56,151798,78],{"class":70},[56,151800,263],{"class":180},[56,151802,12961],{"class":184},[56,151804,254],{"class":180},[56,151806,9321],{"class":70},[56,151808,9324],{"class":70},[56,151810,254],{"class":180},[56,151812,9387],{"class":184},[56,151814,254],{"class":180},[56,151816,78],{"class":70},[56,151818,9394],{"class":74},[56,151820,1553],{"class":70},[20,151822,18775],{},[143,151824,151825,151830],{},[146,151826,151827,151829],{},[15,151828,151681],{}," for keys",[146,151831,151832,32640],{},[15,151833,151834],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151836,151837,151838,98],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[36,151839,63624],{"href":63623},[42,151841,151843],{"id":151842},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151845,151846,18399],{},[15,151847,38125],{},[143,151849,151850,151853,151856,151859],{},[146,151851,151852],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[146,151854,151855],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[146,151857,151858],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[146,151860,151861],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151863,163],{},[47,151865,151867],{"className":49,"code":151866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151868,151869,151888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151870,151871,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151872,151873],{"class":62},"coordinates ",[56,151875,67],{"class":66},[56,151877,149274],{"class":1545},[56,151879,3084],{"class":70},[56,151881,2602],{"class":74},[56,151883,78],{"class":70},[56,151885,6084],{"class":74},[56,151887,1607],{"class":70},[56,151889,151890,151892,151894,151897],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,151891,112],{"class":111},[56,151893,115],{"class":70},[56,151895,151896],{"class":101},"coordinates",[56,151898,238],{"class":70},[20,151900,241],{},[47,151902,151904],{"className":49,"code":151903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151905,151906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151907,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151909,115],{"class":70},[56,151911,2602],{"class":74},[56,151913,78],{"class":70},[56,151915,6084],{"class":74},[56,151917,238],{"class":70},[20,151919,151920],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[143,151922,151923,151925,151928,151931],{},[146,151924,151896],{},[146,151926,151927],{},"RGB colors",[146,151929,151930],{},"dates",[146,151932,151933],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[42,151935,151937],{"id":151936},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151939,44509,151940,10689],{},[15,151941,38125],{},[143,151943,151944,151947,151950],{},[146,151945,151946],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[146,151948,151949],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[146,151951,151952],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151954,116399,151955,151957],{},[540,151956,931],{}," work:",[47,151959,151961],{"className":49,"code":151960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151962,151963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151964,151965,151967,151969,151971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151966,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151968,115],{"class":70},[56,151970,2235],{"class":74},[56,151972,238],{"class":70},[20,151974,151975],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151977,151978],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[42,151980,115237],{"id":115236},[20,151982,151983],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1030,151985,151987],{"id":151986},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151989,2934],{},[47,151991,151992],{"className":49,"code":151960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,151993,151994],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151995,151996,151998,152000,152002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151997,49034],{"class":1545},[56,151999,115],{"class":70},[56,152001,2235],{"class":74},[56,152003,238],{"class":70},[20,152005,29762],{},[47,152007,152008],{"className":49,"code":63728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152009,152010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152013,3103],{"class":1545},[56,152015,141],{"class":70},[56,152017,263],{"class":180},[56,152019,2286],{"class":184},[56,152021,254],{"class":180},[56,152023,24698],{"class":1545},[56,152025,8187],{"class":66},[56,152027,8190],{"class":66},[56,152029,63751],{"class":62},[20,152031,152032,152033,98],{},"If you see this, read ",[36,152034,62366],{"href":52681},[1030,152036,152038],{"id":152037},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152040,152041],{},"This code:",[47,152043,152045],{"className":49,"code":152044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152046,152047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152048,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152050,49034],{"class":1545},[56,152052,115],{"class":70},[56,152054,181],{"class":180},[56,152056,1473],{"class":184},[56,152058,181],{"class":180},[56,152060,238],{"class":70},[20,152062,152063],{},"returns:",[47,152065,152067],{"className":49,"code":152066,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152068,152069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152070,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152072,115],{"class":70},[56,152074,254],{"class":180},[56,152076,60514],{"class":184},[56,152078,254],{"class":180},[56,152080,78],{"class":70},[56,152082,263],{"class":180},[56,152084,60523],{"class":184},[56,152086,254],{"class":180},[56,152088,78],{"class":70},[56,152090,263],{"class":180},[56,152092,60532],{"class":184},[56,152094,254],{"class":180},[56,152096,78],{"class":70},[56,152098,263],{"class":180},[56,152100,60532],{"class":184},[56,152102,254],{"class":180},[56,152104,78],{"class":70},[56,152106,263],{"class":180},[56,152108,60549],{"class":184},[56,152110,254],{"class":180},[56,152112,238],{"class":70},[20,152114,928,152115,152117],{},[540,152116,931],{}," return:",[47,152119,152121],{"className":49,"code":152120,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('hello',)\n",[15,152122,152123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152124,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152126,115],{"class":70},[56,152128,254],{"class":180},[56,152130,1473],{"class":184},[56,152132,254],{"class":180},[56,152134,149264],{"class":70},[20,152136,152137],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[47,152139,152141],{"className":49,"code":152140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152142,152143,152160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152144,152145,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152146,152147],{"class":62},"single ",[56,152149,67],{"class":66},[56,152151,9324],{"class":70},[56,152153,181],{"class":180},[56,152155,1473],{"class":184},[56,152157,181],{"class":180},[56,152159,149264],{"class":70},[56,152161,152162,152164,152166,152169],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152163,112],{"class":111},[56,152165,115],{"class":70},[56,152167,152168],{"class":101},"single",[56,152170,238],{"class":70},[1030,152172,152174],{"id":152173},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152176,152041],{},[47,152178,152180],{"className":49,"code":152179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152181,152182,152214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152183,152184,152186,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152185,9253],{"class":62},[56,152187,67],{"class":66},[56,152189,10579],{"class":70},[56,152191,181],{"class":180},[56,152193,36],{"class":184},[56,152195,181],{"class":180},[56,152197,141],{"class":70},[56,152199,910],{"class":74},[56,152201,78],{"class":70},[56,152203,191],{"class":180},[56,152205,194],{"class":184},[56,152207,181],{"class":180},[56,152209,141],{"class":70},[56,152211,81],{"class":74},[56,152213,9397],{"class":70},[56,152215,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152217,112],{"class":111},[56,152219,115],{"class":70},[56,152221,49034],{"class":1545},[56,152223,115],{"class":70},[56,152225,9292],{"class":101},[56,152227,1553],{"class":70},[20,152229,152230],{},"returns only the keys:",[47,152232,152234],{"className":49,"code":152233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152235,152236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152237,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152239,115],{"class":70},[56,152241,254],{"class":180},[56,152243,36],{"class":184},[56,152245,254],{"class":180},[56,152247,78],{"class":70},[56,152249,263],{"class":180},[56,152251,194],{"class":184},[56,152253,254],{"class":180},[56,152255,238],{"class":70},[20,152257,152258],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[47,152260,152262],{"className":49,"code":152261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152263,152264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152265,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152267,112],{"class":111},[56,152269,115],{"class":70},[56,152271,49034],{"class":1545},[56,152273,115],{"class":70},[56,152275,9292],{"class":101},[56,152277,98],{"class":70},[56,152279,7900],{"class":101},[56,152281,6380],{"class":70},[1030,152283,152285],{"id":152284},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152287,152288,152289,152291],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152290,38125],{}," conversion.",[20,152293,5562],{},[47,152295,152297],{"className":49,"code":152296,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152298,152299,152319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152300,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152302,2544],{"class":62},[56,152304,67],{"class":66},[56,152306,9324],{"class":70},[56,152308,75],{"class":74},[56,152310,78],{"class":70},[56,152312,81],{"class":74},[56,152314,78],{"class":70},[56,152316,86],{"class":74},[56,152318,238],{"class":70},[56,152320,152321,152323,152325,152327],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152322,112],{"class":111},[56,152324,115],{"class":70},[56,152326,2570],{"class":101},[56,152328,238],{"class":70},[20,152330,152331],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152333,25587,152334,152336],{},[15,152335,38125],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[42,152338,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,152340,152342],{"id":152341},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152344,152345],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1030,152347,152349],{"id":152348},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152351,152352,152353,98],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152354,7456],{},[1030,152356,152358],{"id":152357},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152360,152361],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1030,152363,152365],{"id":152364},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152367,152368],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1030,152370,152372],{"id":152371},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152374,152375,152376,98],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152377,3103],{},[42,152379,1996],{"id":1995},[143,152381,152382,152386,152390,152394,152398,152402],{},[146,152383,152384],{},[36,152385,147908],{"href":147907},[146,152387,152388],{},[36,152389,150835],{"href":149211},[146,152391,152392],{},[36,152393,104972],{"href":60131},[146,152395,152396],{},[36,152397,151564],{"href":151563},[146,152399,152400],{},[36,152401,63624],{"href":63623},[146,152403,152404],{},[36,152405,62366],{"href":52681},[2028,152407,152408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":152410},[152411,152412,152413,152414,152415,152422,152423,152424,152425,152431,152438],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":151038,"depth":92,"text":151039},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":149584,"depth":92,"text":149585},{"id":151207,"depth":92,"text":151208,"children":152416},[152417,152418,152419,152420,152421],{"id":151211,"depth":108,"text":151212},{"id":151299,"depth":108,"text":151300},{"id":151398,"depth":108,"text":151399},{"id":151478,"depth":108,"text":151479},{"id":151567,"depth":108,"text":151568},{"id":151672,"depth":92,"text":151673},{"id":151842,"depth":92,"text":151843},{"id":151936,"depth":92,"text":151937},{"id":115236,"depth":92,"text":115237,"children":152426},[152427,152428,152429,152430],{"id":151986,"depth":108,"text":151987},{"id":152037,"depth":108,"text":152038},{"id":152173,"depth":108,"text":152174},{"id":152284,"depth":108,"text":152285},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":152432},[152433,152434,152435,152436,152437],{"id":152341,"depth":108,"text":152342},{"id":152348,"depth":108,"text":152349},{"id":152357,"depth":108,"text":152358},{"id":152364,"depth":108,"text":152365},{"id":152371,"depth":108,"text":152372},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150893,"description":152439},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152446,"title":152447,"body":152448,"description":153861,"extension":2062,"meta":153862,"navigation":600,"path":153863,"seo":153864,"stem":153865,"__hash__":153866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152449,"toc":153833},[152450,152455,152460,152463,152465,152544,152550,152555,152559,152574,152576,152623,152625,152633,152641,152647,152649,152654,152674,152677,152704,152706,152730,152732,152874,152876,152880,152888,152891,152893,152970,152972,152980,152984,152988,152998,153008,153010,153015,153017,153076,153081,153083,153183,153185,153199,153204,153210,153217,153220,153222,153332,153336,153353,153355,153418,153420,153428,153440,153444,153449,153477,153480,153562,153564,153575,153577,153581,153608,153610,153612,153692,153700,153702,153757,153759,153764,153767,153771,153775,153777,153781,153785,153793,153800,153803,153805,153830],[10,152451,147792,152453,18],{"id":152452},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152454,59043],{},[20,152456,152457,152459],{},[15,152458,149113],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152461,152462],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[42,152464,2104],{"id":2103},[47,152466,152468],{"className":49,"code":152467,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152469,152470,152510,152532],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152471,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152473,334],{"class":62},[56,152475,67],{"class":66},[56,152477,9324],{"class":70},[56,152479,181],{"class":180},[56,152481,343],{"class":184},[56,152483,181],{"class":180},[56,152485,78],{"class":70},[56,152487,191],{"class":180},[56,152489,361],{"class":184},[56,152491,181],{"class":180},[56,152493,78],{"class":70},[56,152495,191],{"class":180},[56,152497,352],{"class":184},[56,152499,181],{"class":180},[56,152501,78],{"class":70},[56,152503,191],{"class":180},[56,152505,361],{"class":184},[56,152507,181],{"class":180},[56,152509,238],{"class":70},[56,152511,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152513,64993],{"class":62},[56,152515,67],{"class":66},[56,152517,13201],{"class":62},[56,152519,98],{"class":70},[56,152521,35927],{"class":101},[56,152523,115],{"class":70},[56,152525,181],{"class":180},[56,152527,361],{"class":184},[56,152529,181],{"class":180},[56,152531,238],{"class":70},[56,152533,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,152535,112],{"class":111},[56,152537,115],{"class":70},[56,152539,65020],{"class":101},[56,152541,120],{"class":70},[56,152543,27862],{"class":123},[20,152545,152546,152549],{},[15,152547,152548],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[42,152551,133,152553,136],{"id":152552},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152554,149113],{},[20,152556,2079,152557,11501],{},[15,152558,59043],{},[143,152560,152561,152564,152566,152569],{},[146,152562,152563],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[146,152565,128390],{},[146,152567,152568],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[146,152570,152571,152572],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152573,2218],{},[20,152575,163],{},[47,152577,152579],{"className":49,"code":152578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152580,152581,152605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152582,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152584,63],{"class":62},[56,152586,67],{"class":66},[56,152588,9324],{"class":70},[56,152590,444],{"class":74},[56,152592,78],{"class":70},[56,152594,449],{"class":74},[56,152596,78],{"class":70},[56,152598,454],{"class":74},[56,152600,78],{"class":70},[56,152602,449],{"class":74},[56,152604,238],{"class":70},[56,152606,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152608,112],{"class":111},[56,152610,115],{"class":70},[56,152612,95],{"class":101},[56,152614,98],{"class":70},[56,152616,35927],{"class":101},[56,152618,115],{"class":70},[56,152620,15834],{"class":74},[56,152622,1553],{"class":70},[20,152624,241],{},[47,152626,152627],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152628,152629],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152630,152631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152632,46997],{"class":74},[20,152634,21058,152635,152637,152638,152640],{},[15,152636,15834],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152639,59043],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152642,151059,152643,98],{},[36,152644,152646],{"href":152645},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[42,152648,289],{"id":288},[20,152650,7854,152651,152653],{},[15,152652,59043],{}," in two ways:",[47,152655,152657],{"className":49,"code":152656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152658,152659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152660,152661,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152662,152663],{"class":62},"tuple_name",[56,152665,98],{"class":70},[56,152667,35927],{"class":101},[56,152669,115],{"class":70},[56,152671,2570],{"class":101},[56,152673,238],{"class":70},[20,152675,152676],{},"or:",[47,152678,152680],{"className":49,"code":152679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152681,152682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152683,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152685,152663],{"class":62},[56,152687,98],{"class":70},[56,152689,35927],{"class":101},[56,152691,115],{"class":70},[56,152693,2570],{"class":101},[56,152695,78],{"class":70},[56,152697,36133],{"class":101},[56,152699,78],{"class":70},[56,152701,65114],{"class":101},[56,152703,238],{"class":70},[1030,152705,17476],{"id":17475},[143,152707,152708,152713,152718,152723],{},[146,152709,152710,152712],{},[15,152711,2570],{}," — the item to search for",[146,152714,152715,152717],{},[15,152716,36154],{}," — optional starting position",[146,152719,152720,152722],{},[15,152721,52742],{}," — optional ending position",[146,152724,152725,4871,152727,152729],{},[15,152726,52742],{},[540,152728,65143],{}," in the search",[20,152731,163],{},[47,152733,152735],{"className":49,"code":152734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152736,152737,152785,152789,152814,152842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152738,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152740,173],{"class":62},[56,152742,67],{"class":66},[56,152744,9324],{"class":70},[56,152746,181],{"class":180},[56,152748,36],{"class":184},[56,152750,181],{"class":180},[56,152752,78],{"class":70},[56,152754,191],{"class":180},[56,152756,194],{"class":184},[56,152758,181],{"class":180},[56,152760,78],{"class":70},[56,152762,191],{"class":180},[56,152764,203],{"class":184},[56,152766,181],{"class":180},[56,152768,78],{"class":70},[56,152770,191],{"class":180},[56,152772,194],{"class":184},[56,152774,181],{"class":180},[56,152776,78],{"class":70},[56,152778,191],{"class":180},[56,152780,212],{"class":184},[56,152782,181],{"class":180},[56,152784,238],{"class":70},[56,152786,152787],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152788,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,152790,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,152792,112],{"class":111},[56,152794,115],{"class":70},[56,152796,221],{"class":101},[56,152798,98],{"class":70},[56,152800,35927],{"class":101},[56,152802,115],{"class":70},[56,152804,181],{"class":180},[56,152806,194],{"class":184},[56,152808,181],{"class":180},[56,152810,5451],{"class":70},[56,152812,152813],{"class":123},"        # 1\n",[56,152815,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,152817,112],{"class":111},[56,152819,115],{"class":70},[56,152821,221],{"class":101},[56,152823,98],{"class":70},[56,152825,35927],{"class":101},[56,152827,115],{"class":70},[56,152829,181],{"class":180},[56,152831,194],{"class":184},[56,152833,181],{"class":180},[56,152835,78],{"class":70},[56,152837,81],{"class":74},[56,152839,5451],{"class":70},[56,152841,50999],{"class":123},[56,152843,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,152845,112],{"class":111},[56,152847,115],{"class":70},[56,152849,221],{"class":101},[56,152851,98],{"class":70},[56,152853,35927],{"class":101},[56,152855,115],{"class":70},[56,152857,181],{"class":180},[56,152859,194],{"class":184},[56,152861,181],{"class":180},[56,152863,78],{"class":70},[56,152865,910],{"class":74},[56,152867,78],{"class":70},[56,152869,86],{"class":74},[56,152871,5451],{"class":70},[56,152873,27862],{"class":123},[42,152875,103299],{"id":103298},[20,152877,152878,25590],{},[15,152879,149113],{},[143,152881,152882,152885],{},[146,152883,152884],{},"An integer",[146,152886,152887],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152889,152890],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152892,163],{},[47,152894,152896],{"className":49,"code":152895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152897,152898,152938,152960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152899,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152901,108398],{"class":62},[56,152903,67],{"class":66},[56,152905,9324],{"class":70},[56,152907,181],{"class":180},[56,152909,37126],{"class":184},[56,152911,181],{"class":180},[56,152913,78],{"class":70},[56,152915,191],{"class":180},[56,152917,58202],{"class":184},[56,152919,181],{"class":180},[56,152921,78],{"class":70},[56,152923,191],{"class":180},[56,152925,58219],{"class":184},[56,152927,181],{"class":180},[56,152929,78],{"class":70},[56,152931,191],{"class":180},[56,152933,58202],{"class":184},[56,152935,181],{"class":180},[56,152937,238],{"class":70},[56,152939,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,152941,1156],{"class":62},[56,152943,67],{"class":66},[56,152945,108441],{"class":62},[56,152947,98],{"class":70},[56,152949,35927],{"class":101},[56,152951,115],{"class":70},[56,152953,181],{"class":180},[56,152955,58202],{"class":184},[56,152957,181],{"class":180},[56,152959,238],{"class":70},[56,152961,152962,152964,152966,152968],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,152963,112],{"class":111},[56,152965,115],{"class":70},[56,152967,1190],{"class":101},[56,152969,238],{"class":70},[20,152971,241],{},[47,152973,152974],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,152975,152976],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152977,152978],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152979,46997],{"class":74},[42,152981,152983],{"id":152982},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152985,650,152986,10689],{},[15,152987,149113],{},[143,152989,152990,152992,152995],{},[146,152991,66172],{},[146,152993,152994],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[146,152996,152997],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152999,153000,153001,153004,153005,98],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153002,153003],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[36,153006,149581],{"href":153007},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[42,153009,65704],{"id":65703},[20,153011,153012,153013,98],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153014,40784],{},[20,153016,163],{},[47,153018,153020],{"className":49,"code":153019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153021,153022,153054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153023,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153025,334],{"class":62},[56,153027,67],{"class":66},[56,153029,9324],{"class":70},[56,153031,181],{"class":180},[56,153033,343],{"class":184},[56,153035,181],{"class":180},[56,153037,78],{"class":70},[56,153039,191],{"class":180},[56,153041,361],{"class":184},[56,153043,181],{"class":180},[56,153045,78],{"class":70},[56,153047,191],{"class":180},[56,153049,352],{"class":184},[56,153051,181],{"class":180},[56,153053,238],{"class":70},[56,153055,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153057,112],{"class":111},[56,153059,115],{"class":70},[56,153061,370],{"class":101},[56,153063,98],{"class":70},[56,153065,35927],{"class":101},[56,153067,115],{"class":70},[56,153069,181],{"class":180},[56,153071,22605],{"class":184},[56,153073,181],{"class":180},[56,153075,1553],{"class":70},[20,153077,39733,153078,153080],{},[15,153079,109723],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153082,65779],{},[47,153084,153086],{"className":49,"code":153085,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153087,153088,153120,153124,153140,153162,153168],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153089,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153091,334],{"class":62},[56,153093,67],{"class":66},[56,153095,9324],{"class":70},[56,153097,181],{"class":180},[56,153099,343],{"class":184},[56,153101,181],{"class":180},[56,153103,78],{"class":70},[56,153105,191],{"class":180},[56,153107,361],{"class":184},[56,153109,181],{"class":180},[56,153111,78],{"class":70},[56,153113,191],{"class":180},[56,153115,352],{"class":184},[56,153117,181],{"class":180},[56,153119,238],{"class":70},[56,153121,153122],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153123,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,153125,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153127,7087],{"class":3965},[56,153129,191],{"class":180},[56,153131,22605],{"class":184},[56,153133,181],{"class":180},[56,153135,21254],{"class":66},[56,153137,13201],{"class":62},[56,153139,6484],{"class":70},[56,153141,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153143,8160],{"class":111},[56,153145,115],{"class":70},[56,153147,370],{"class":101},[56,153149,98],{"class":70},[56,153151,35927],{"class":101},[56,153153,115],{"class":70},[56,153155,181],{"class":180},[56,153157,22605],{"class":184},[56,153159,181],{"class":180},[56,153161,1553],{"class":70},[56,153163,153164,153166],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,153165,27516],{"class":3965},[56,153167,6484],{"class":70},[56,153169,153170,153172,153174,153176,153179,153181],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,153171,8160],{"class":111},[56,153173,115],{"class":70},[56,153175,181],{"class":180},[56,153177,153178],{"class":184},"Value not found",[56,153180,181],{"class":180},[56,153182,238],{"class":70},[20,153184,241],{},[47,153186,153188],{"className":49,"code":153187,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Value not found\n",[15,153189,153190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153191,153192,153195,153197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153193,153194],{"class":62},"Value ",[56,153196,931],{"class":66},[56,153198,65903],{"class":62},[20,153200,153201,153202,98],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[36,153203,65913],{"href":65912},[42,153205,1441,153206,4480,153208],{"id":65480},[15,153207,36154],{},[15,153209,52742],{},[20,153211,2079,153212,4480,153214,153216],{},[15,153213,36154],{},[15,153215,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153218,153219],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153221,163],{},[47,153223,153225],{"className":49,"code":153224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153226,153227,153255,153259,153280,153304],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153228,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153230,3912],{"class":62},[56,153232,67],{"class":66},[56,153234,9324],{"class":70},[56,153236,2235],{"class":74},[56,153238,78],{"class":70},[56,153240,508],{"class":74},[56,153242,78],{"class":70},[56,153244,4693],{"class":74},[56,153246,78],{"class":70},[56,153248,449],{"class":74},[56,153250,78],{"class":70},[56,153252,4693],{"class":74},[56,153254,238],{"class":70},[56,153256,153257],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153258,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,153260,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153262,112],{"class":111},[56,153264,115],{"class":70},[56,153266,5448],{"class":101},[56,153268,98],{"class":70},[56,153270,35927],{"class":101},[56,153272,115],{"class":70},[56,153274,2235],{"class":74},[56,153276,5451],{"class":70},[56,153278,153279],{"class":123},"        # 0\n",[56,153281,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153283,112],{"class":111},[56,153285,115],{"class":70},[56,153287,5448],{"class":101},[56,153289,98],{"class":70},[56,153291,35927],{"class":101},[56,153293,115],{"class":70},[56,153295,2235],{"class":74},[56,153297,78],{"class":70},[56,153299,910],{"class":74},[56,153301,5451],{"class":70},[56,153303,51033],{"class":123},[56,153305,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,153307,112],{"class":111},[56,153309,115],{"class":70},[56,153311,5448],{"class":101},[56,153313,98],{"class":70},[56,153315,35927],{"class":101},[56,153317,115],{"class":70},[56,153319,2235],{"class":74},[56,153321,78],{"class":70},[56,153323,86],{"class":74},[56,153325,78],{"class":70},[56,153327,4693],{"class":74},[56,153329,5451],{"class":70},[56,153331,51016],{"class":123},[1030,153333,153335],{"id":153334},"how-it-works","How it works",[143,153337,153338,153343,153348],{},[146,153339,153340,153342],{},[15,153341,36154],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[146,153344,153345,153347],{},[15,153346,52742],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[146,153349,2079,153350,153352],{},[15,153351,52742],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153354,163],{},[47,153356,153358],{"className":49,"code":153357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153359,153360,153388,153392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153361,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153363,3912],{"class":62},[56,153365,67],{"class":66},[56,153367,9324],{"class":70},[56,153369,2235],{"class":74},[56,153371,78],{"class":70},[56,153373,508],{"class":74},[56,153375,78],{"class":70},[56,153377,4693],{"class":74},[56,153379,78],{"class":70},[56,153381,449],{"class":74},[56,153383,78],{"class":70},[56,153385,4693],{"class":74},[56,153387,238],{"class":70},[56,153389,153390],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153391,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153395,112],{"class":111},[56,153397,115],{"class":70},[56,153399,5448],{"class":101},[56,153401,98],{"class":70},[56,153403,35927],{"class":101},[56,153405,115],{"class":70},[56,153407,2235],{"class":74},[56,153409,78],{"class":70},[56,153411,910],{"class":74},[56,153413,78],{"class":70},[56,153415,2554],{"class":74},[56,153417,1553],{"class":70},[20,153419,241],{},[47,153421,153422],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,153423,153424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153425,153426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153427,17137],{"class":74},[20,153429,153430,153431,2287,153433,17153,153435,153437,153438,98],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153432,75],{},[15,153434,1097],{},[15,153436,901],{},", but not ",[15,153439,2602],{},[42,153441,153443],{"id":153442},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153445,153446,153447,141],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153448,149113],{},[143,153450,153451,153459,153464,153471],{},[146,153452,153453,153454,153456,153457],{},"Do not confuse the ",[540,153455,2570],{}," with the ",[540,153458,35927],{},[146,153460,153461,153462],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153463,2218],{},[146,153465,650,153466,153470],{},[36,153467,149139,153468,1384],{"href":149191},[15,153469,57365],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[146,153472,153473,153474,153476],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153475,153003],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153478,153479],{},"Example of value vs index:",[47,153481,153483],{"className":49,"code":153482,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153484,153485,153517,153521,153545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153486,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153488,553],{"class":62},[56,153490,67],{"class":66},[56,153492,9324],{"class":70},[56,153494,181],{"class":180},[56,153496,562],{"class":184},[56,153498,181],{"class":180},[56,153500,78],{"class":70},[56,153502,191],{"class":180},[56,153504,571],{"class":184},[56,153506,181],{"class":180},[56,153508,78],{"class":70},[56,153510,191],{"class":180},[56,153512,33304],{"class":184},[56,153514,181],{"class":180},[56,153516,238],{"class":70},[56,153518,153519],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153520,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,153522,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153524,112],{"class":111},[56,153526,115],{"class":70},[56,153528,589],{"class":101},[56,153530,98],{"class":70},[56,153532,35927],{"class":101},[56,153534,115],{"class":70},[56,153536,181],{"class":180},[56,153538,571],{"class":184},[56,153540,181],{"class":180},[56,153542,5451],{"class":70},[56,153544,27862],{"class":123},[56,153546,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153548,112],{"class":111},[56,153550,115],{"class":70},[56,153552,589],{"class":101},[56,153554,251],{"class":70},[56,153556,75],{"class":74},[56,153558,20526],{"class":70},[56,153560,153561],{"class":123},"               # banana\n",[20,153563,2276],{},[143,153565,153566,153570],{},[146,153567,153568,15326],{},[15,153569,65348],{},[146,153571,153572,153574],{},[15,153573,75],{}," is the index",[42,153576,1418],{"id":1417},[20,153578,106037,153579,141],{},[15,153580,149113],{},[143,153582,153583,153586,153591,153596,153603],{},[146,153584,153585],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[146,153587,1435,153588,153590],{},[15,153589,59043],{}," to return all matching positions",[146,153592,153593,153594],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153595,2218],{},[146,153597,153598,153599,4480,153601],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153600,36154],{},[15,153602,52742],{},[146,153604,1447,153605,153607],{},[15,153606,149113],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1030,153609,60786],{"id":60785},[20,153611,94299],{},[47,153613,153615],{"className":49,"code":153614,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153616,153617,153627,153641,153656,153674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153618,153619,153621,153623,153625],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153620,112],{"class":111},[56,153622,115],{"class":70},[56,153624,147926],{"class":101},[56,153626,238],{"class":70},[56,153628,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153630,112],{"class":111},[56,153632,115],{"class":70},[56,153634,11250],{"class":111},[56,153636,115],{"class":70},[56,153638,147926],{"class":101},[56,153640,1553],{"class":70},[56,153642,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153654],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153644,112],{"class":111},[56,153646,115],{"class":70},[56,153648,2544],{"class":101},[56,153650,3972],{"class":3965},[56,153652,153653],{"class":101}," my_tuple",[56,153655,238],{"class":70},[56,153657,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153659,112],{"class":111},[56,153661,115],{"class":70},[56,153663,147926],{"class":101},[56,153665,98],{"class":70},[56,153667,41339],{"class":101},[56,153669,115],{"class":70},[56,153671,2570],{"class":101},[56,153673,1553],{"class":70},[56,153675,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,153677,112],{"class":111},[56,153679,115],{"class":70},[56,153681,147926],{"class":101},[56,153683,98],{"class":70},[56,153685,35927],{"class":101},[56,153687,115],{"class":70},[56,153689,2570],{"class":101},[56,153691,1553],{"class":70},[20,153693,153694,153695,84316,153697,153699],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153696,40784],{},[15,153698,2570],{}," is missing.",[20,153701,129543],{},[47,153703,153705],{"className":49,"code":153704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153706,153707,153719,153737,153743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153708,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153710,7087],{"class":3965},[56,153712,21665],{"class":62},[56,153714,3972],{"class":66},[56,153716,153653],{"class":62},[56,153718,6484],{"class":70},[56,153720,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153722,8160],{"class":111},[56,153724,115],{"class":70},[56,153726,147926],{"class":101},[56,153728,98],{"class":70},[56,153730,35927],{"class":101},[56,153732,115],{"class":70},[56,153734,2570],{"class":101},[56,153736,1553],{"class":70},[56,153738,153739,153741],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153740,27516],{"class":3965},[56,153742,6484],{"class":70},[56,153744,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153746,8160],{"class":111},[56,153748,115],{"class":70},[56,153750,181],{"class":180},[56,153752,153178],{"class":184},[56,153754,181],{"class":180},[56,153756,238],{"class":70},[42,153758,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,153760,5230,153762,12797],{"id":153761},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153763,149113],{},[20,153765,153766],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1030,153768,153770],{"id":153769},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153772,153773,152640],{},[15,153774,149113],{},[1030,153776,149092],{"id":149091},[20,153778,76777,153779,98],{},[15,153780,40784],{},[1030,153782,153784],{"id":153783},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153786,153787,153788,4480,153790,153792],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153789,36154],{},[15,153791,52742],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1030,153794,14982,153796,57280,153798,1911],{"id":153795},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153797,149113],{},[15,153799,64939],{},[20,153801,153802],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[42,153804,1996],{"id":1995},[143,153806,153807,153813,153817,153822,153826],{},[146,153808,153809],{},[36,153810,149139,153811,1384],{"href":149191},[15,153812,57365],{},[146,153814,153815],{},[36,153816,149581],{"href":153007},[146,153818,153819],{},[36,153820,153821],{"href":150887},"Creating a tuple in Python",[146,153823,153824],{},[36,153825,65913],{"href":65912},[146,153827,153828],{},[36,153829,150835],{"href":152645},[2028,153831,153832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":153834},[153835,153836,153838,153841,153842,153843,153844,153847,153848,153851,153860],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":152552,"depth":92,"text":153837},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289,"children":153839},[153840],{"id":17475,"depth":108,"text":17476},{"id":103298,"depth":92,"text":103299},{"id":152982,"depth":92,"text":152983},{"id":65703,"depth":92,"text":65704},{"id":65480,"depth":92,"text":66263,"children":153845},[153846],{"id":153334,"depth":108,"text":153335},{"id":153442,"depth":92,"text":153443},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418,"children":153849},[153850],{"id":60785,"depth":108,"text":60786},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":153852},[153853,153855,153856,153857,153858],{"id":153761,"depth":108,"text":153854},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153769,"depth":108,"text":153770},{"id":149091,"depth":108,"text":149092},{"id":153783,"depth":108,"text":153784},{"id":153795,"depth":108,"text":153859},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152447,"description":153861},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153868,"title":153869,"body":153870,"description":155265,"extension":2062,"meta":155266,"navigation":600,"path":153007,"seo":155267,"stem":155268,"__hash__":155269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153871,"toc":155247},[153872,153875,153878,153881,153895,153897,153900,153994,154004,154010,154014,154017,154020,154022,154040,154042,154113,154115,154132,154136,154140,154143,154160,154163,154178,154180,154271,154274,154278,154281,154298,154300,154395,154398,154401,154405,154408,154502,154504,154523,154526,154530,154533,154535,154590,154592,154627,154630,154644,154652,154745,154754,154758,154761,154768,154771,154818,154820,154828,154831,154882,154884,154901,154906,154910,154913,154916,154918,154969,154972,155027,155030,155033,155035,155038,155058,155060,155133,155136,155149,155151,155155,155160,155164,155169,155186,155190,155193,155210,155214,155217,155219,155244],[10,153873,153869],{"id":153874},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153876,153877],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153879,153880],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[143,153882,153883,153886,153889,153892],{},[146,153884,153885],{},"positive indexes",[146,153887,153888],{},"negative indexes",[146,153890,153891],{},"common indexing mistakes",[146,153893,153894],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[42,153896,45],{"id":44},[20,153898,153899],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[47,153901,153903],{"className":49,"code":153902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153904,153905,153937,153941,153958,153975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153906,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153908,334],{"class":62},[56,153910,67],{"class":66},[56,153912,9324],{"class":70},[56,153914,181],{"class":180},[56,153916,343],{"class":184},[56,153918,181],{"class":180},[56,153920,78],{"class":70},[56,153922,191],{"class":180},[56,153924,352],{"class":184},[56,153926,181],{"class":180},[56,153928,78],{"class":70},[56,153930,191],{"class":180},[56,153932,361],{"class":184},[56,153934,181],{"class":180},[56,153936,238],{"class":70},[56,153938,153939],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,153940,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,153942,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,153944,112],{"class":111},[56,153946,115],{"class":70},[56,153948,370],{"class":101},[56,153950,251],{"class":70},[56,153952,2218],{"class":74},[56,153954,20526],{"class":70},[56,153956,153957],{"class":123},"   # red\n",[56,153959,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,153961,112],{"class":111},[56,153963,115],{"class":70},[56,153965,370],{"class":101},[56,153967,251],{"class":70},[56,153969,75],{"class":74},[56,153971,20526],{"class":70},[56,153973,153974],{"class":123},"   # green\n",[56,153976,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,153978,112],{"class":111},[56,153980,115],{"class":70},[56,153982,370],{"class":101},[56,153984,251],{"class":70},[56,153986,709],{"class":66},[56,153988,75],{"class":74},[56,153990,20526],{"class":70},[56,153992,153993],{"class":123},"  # blue\n",[143,153995,153996,154001],{},[146,153997,132332,153998,154000],{},[15,153999,2218],{}," is the first item.",[146,154002,154003],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154005,154006,154007,98],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[36,154008,154009],{"href":147911},"how to create a tuple in Python",[42,154011,154013],{"id":154012},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154015,154016],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154018,154019],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154021,11546],{},[143,154023,154024,154027,154034,154037],{},[146,154025,154026],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[146,154028,154029,154030,19043,154032],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154031,2218],{},[15,154033,75],{},[146,154035,154036],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[146,154038,154039],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154041,163],{},[47,154043,154045],{"className":49,"code":154044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154046,154047,154067,154071,154085,154099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154048,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154050,63],{"class":62},[56,154052,67],{"class":66},[56,154054,9324],{"class":70},[56,154056,444],{"class":74},[56,154058,78],{"class":70},[56,154060,449],{"class":74},[56,154062,78],{"class":70},[56,154064,454],{"class":74},[56,154066,238],{"class":70},[56,154068,154069],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154070,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154072,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154074,112],{"class":111},[56,154076,115],{"class":70},[56,154078,95],{"class":101},[56,154080,251],{"class":70},[56,154082,2218],{"class":74},[56,154084,1607],{"class":70},[56,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,154088,112],{"class":111},[56,154090,115],{"class":70},[56,154092,95],{"class":101},[56,154094,251],{"class":70},[56,154096,75],{"class":74},[56,154098,1607],{"class":70},[56,154100,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,154102,112],{"class":111},[56,154104,115],{"class":70},[56,154106,95],{"class":101},[56,154108,251],{"class":70},[56,154110,1097],{"class":74},[56,154112,1607],{"class":70},[20,154114,241],{},[47,154116,154118],{"className":49,"code":154117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154119,154120,154124,154128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154121,154122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154123,2473],{"class":74},[56,154125,154126],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154127,71298],{"class":74},[56,154129,154130],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154131,69914],{"class":74},[20,154133,59468,154134,98],{},[36,154135,147908],{"href":147907},[42,154137,154139],{"id":154138},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154141,154142],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[143,154144,154145,154150,154155],{},[146,154146,154147,154149],{},[15,154148,2218],{}," = first item",[146,154151,154152,154154],{},[15,154153,75],{}," = second item",[146,154156,154157,154159],{},[15,154158,1097],{}," = third item",[20,154161,154162],{},"Pattern:",[47,154164,154166],{"className":49,"code":154165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154167,154168],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154169,154170,154172,154174,154176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154171,152663],{"class":62},[56,154173,251],{"class":70},[56,154175,35927],{"class":62},[56,154177,89],{"class":70},[20,154179,163],{},[47,154181,154183],{"className":49,"code":154182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154184,154185,154217,154221,154238,154254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154186,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154188,553],{"class":62},[56,154190,67],{"class":66},[56,154192,9324],{"class":70},[56,154194,181],{"class":180},[56,154196,562],{"class":184},[56,154198,181],{"class":180},[56,154200,78],{"class":70},[56,154202,191],{"class":180},[56,154204,571],{"class":184},[56,154206,181],{"class":180},[56,154208,78],{"class":70},[56,154210,191],{"class":180},[56,154212,580],{"class":184},[56,154214,181],{"class":180},[56,154216,238],{"class":70},[56,154218,154219],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154220,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154222,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154224,112],{"class":111},[56,154226,115],{"class":70},[56,154228,589],{"class":101},[56,154230,251],{"class":70},[56,154232,2218],{"class":74},[56,154234,20526],{"class":70},[56,154236,154237],{"class":123},"  # apple\n",[56,154239,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,154241,112],{"class":111},[56,154243,115],{"class":70},[56,154245,589],{"class":101},[56,154247,251],{"class":70},[56,154249,75],{"class":74},[56,154251,20526],{"class":70},[56,154253,51567],{"class":123},[56,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,154257,112],{"class":111},[56,154259,115],{"class":70},[56,154261,589],{"class":101},[56,154263,251],{"class":70},[56,154265,1097],{"class":74},[56,154267,20526],{"class":70},[56,154269,154270],{"class":123},"  # cherry\n",[20,154272,154273],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[42,154275,154277],{"id":154276},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154279,154280],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[143,154282,154283,154288,154293],{},[146,154284,154285,154287],{},[15,154286,65928],{}," = last item",[146,154289,154290,154292],{},[15,154291,95329],{}," = second-to-last item",[146,154294,154295,154297],{},[15,154296,47751],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154299,163],{},[47,154301,154303],{"className":49,"code":154302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154304,154305,154337,154341,154359,154377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154306,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154308,553],{"class":62},[56,154310,67],{"class":66},[56,154312,9324],{"class":70},[56,154314,181],{"class":180},[56,154316,562],{"class":184},[56,154318,181],{"class":180},[56,154320,78],{"class":70},[56,154322,191],{"class":180},[56,154324,571],{"class":184},[56,154326,181],{"class":180},[56,154328,78],{"class":70},[56,154330,191],{"class":180},[56,154332,580],{"class":184},[56,154334,181],{"class":180},[56,154336,238],{"class":70},[56,154338,154339],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154340,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154342,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154344,112],{"class":111},[56,154346,115],{"class":70},[56,154348,589],{"class":101},[56,154350,251],{"class":70},[56,154352,709],{"class":66},[56,154354,75],{"class":74},[56,154356,20526],{"class":70},[56,154358,154270],{"class":123},[56,154360,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,154362,112],{"class":111},[56,154364,115],{"class":70},[56,154366,589],{"class":101},[56,154368,251],{"class":70},[56,154370,709],{"class":66},[56,154372,1097],{"class":74},[56,154374,20526],{"class":70},[56,154376,51567],{"class":123},[56,154378,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,154380,112],{"class":111},[56,154382,115],{"class":70},[56,154384,589],{"class":101},[56,154386,251],{"class":70},[56,154388,709],{"class":66},[56,154390,901],{"class":74},[56,154392,20526],{"class":70},[56,154394,154237],{"class":123},[20,154396,154397],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154399,154400],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[42,154402,154404],{"id":154403},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154406,154407],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[47,154409,154411],{"className":49,"code":154410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154412,154413,154445,154449,154466,154483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154414,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154416,5082],{"class":62},[56,154418,67],{"class":66},[56,154420,9324],{"class":70},[56,154422,181],{"class":180},[56,154424,12961],{"class":184},[56,154426,181],{"class":180},[56,154428,78],{"class":70},[56,154430,191],{"class":180},[56,154432,36022],{"class":184},[56,154434,181],{"class":180},[56,154436,78],{"class":70},[56,154438,191],{"class":180},[56,154440,36031],{"class":184},[56,154442,181],{"class":180},[56,154444,238],{"class":70},[56,154446,154447],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154448,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154450,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154452,112],{"class":111},[56,154454,115],{"class":70},[56,154456,5126],{"class":101},[56,154458,251],{"class":70},[56,154460,2218],{"class":74},[56,154462,20526],{"class":70},[56,154464,154465],{"class":123},"   # first item\n",[56,154467,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,154469,112],{"class":111},[56,154471,115],{"class":70},[56,154473,5126],{"class":101},[56,154475,251],{"class":70},[56,154477,75],{"class":74},[56,154479,20526],{"class":70},[56,154481,154482],{"class":123},"   # middle item\n",[56,154484,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,154486,112],{"class":111},[56,154488,115],{"class":70},[56,154490,5126],{"class":101},[56,154492,251],{"class":70},[56,154494,709],{"class":66},[56,154496,75],{"class":74},[56,154498,20526],{"class":70},[56,154500,154501],{"class":123},"  # last item\n",[20,154503,241],{},[47,154505,154507],{"className":49,"code":154506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154508,154509,154513,154518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154510,154511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154512,50121],{"class":62},[56,154514,154515],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154516,154517],{"class":62},"Ben\n",[56,154519,154520],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154521,154522],{"class":62},"Cara\n",[20,154524,154525],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[42,154527,154529],{"id":154528},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154531,154532],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154534,163],{},[47,154536,154538],{"className":49,"code":154537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154539,154540,154572,154576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154541,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154543,173],{"class":62},[56,154545,67],{"class":66},[56,154547,9324],{"class":70},[56,154549,181],{"class":180},[56,154551,36],{"class":184},[56,154553,181],{"class":180},[56,154555,78],{"class":70},[56,154557,191],{"class":180},[56,154559,194],{"class":184},[56,154561,181],{"class":180},[56,154563,78],{"class":70},[56,154565,191],{"class":180},[56,154567,203],{"class":184},[56,154569,181],{"class":180},[56,154571,238],{"class":70},[56,154573,154574],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154575,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154577,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154579,112],{"class":111},[56,154581,115],{"class":70},[56,154583,221],{"class":101},[56,154585,251],{"class":70},[56,154587,2235],{"class":74},[56,154589,1607],{"class":70},[20,154591,241],{},[47,154593,154595],{"className":49,"code":154594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154596,154597,154609,154614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154598,154599,154602,154604,154607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154600,154601],{"class":101},"Traceback ",[56,154603,115],{"class":70},[56,154605,154606],{"class":101},"most recent call last",[56,154608,8431],{"class":70},[56,154610,154611],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154612,154613],{"class":34534},"  ...\n",[56,154615,154616,154618,154620,154622,154625],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154617,70805],{"class":1545},[56,154619,141],{"class":70},[56,154621,149274],{"class":1545},[56,154623,154624],{"class":62}," index out of ",[56,154626,70997],{"class":111},[20,154628,154629],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[143,154631,154632,154636,154640],{},[146,154633,154634],{},[15,154635,2218],{},[146,154637,154638],{},[15,154639,75],{},[146,154641,154642],{},[15,154643,1097],{},[20,154645,154646,154647,98],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[36,154648,154649,154651],{"href":149146},[15,154650,42440],{}," on a tuple",[47,154653,154655],{"className":49,"code":154654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154656,154657,154689,154693,154709,154713,154731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154658,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154660,173],{"class":62},[56,154662,67],{"class":66},[56,154664,9324],{"class":70},[56,154666,181],{"class":180},[56,154668,36],{"class":184},[56,154670,181],{"class":180},[56,154672,78],{"class":70},[56,154674,191],{"class":180},[56,154676,194],{"class":184},[56,154678,181],{"class":180},[56,154680,78],{"class":70},[56,154682,191],{"class":180},[56,154684,203],{"class":184},[56,154686,181],{"class":180},[56,154688,238],{"class":70},[56,154690,154691],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154692,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154696,112],{"class":111},[56,154698,115],{"class":70},[56,154700,11250],{"class":111},[56,154702,115],{"class":70},[56,154704,221],{"class":101},[56,154706,5451],{"class":70},[56,154708,50852],{"class":123},[56,154710,154711],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,154712,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154714,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,154716,7087],{"class":3965},[56,154718,38465],{"class":111},[56,154720,115],{"class":70},[56,154722,221],{"class":101},[56,154724,120],{"class":70},[56,154726,38475],{"class":66},[56,154728,81],{"class":74},[56,154730,6484],{"class":70},[56,154732,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,154734,8160],{"class":111},[56,154736,115],{"class":70},[56,154738,221],{"class":101},[56,154740,251],{"class":70},[56,154742,1097],{"class":74},[56,154744,1607],{"class":70},[20,154746,154747,154748,98],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[36,154749,25761,154751],{"href":154750},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154752,154753],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[42,154755,154757],{"id":154756},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154759,154760],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[143,154762,154763,154765],{},[146,154764,76794],{},[146,154766,154767],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154769,154770],{},"Indexing example:",[47,154772,154774],{"className":49,"code":154773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154775,154776,154800,154804],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154777,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154779,63],{"class":62},[56,154781,67],{"class":66},[56,154783,9324],{"class":70},[56,154785,444],{"class":74},[56,154787,78],{"class":70},[56,154789,449],{"class":74},[56,154791,78],{"class":70},[56,154793,454],{"class":74},[56,154795,78],{"class":70},[56,154797,459],{"class":74},[56,154799,238],{"class":70},[56,154801,154802],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154803,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154805,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154807,112],{"class":111},[56,154809,115],{"class":70},[56,154811,95],{"class":101},[56,154813,251],{"class":70},[56,154815,75],{"class":74},[56,154817,1607],{"class":70},[20,154819,241],{},[47,154821,154822],{"className":49,"code":71298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,154823,154824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154825,154826],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154827,71298],{"class":74},[20,154829,154830],{},"Slicing example:",[47,154832,154834],{"className":49,"code":154833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154835,154836,154860,154864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154837,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154839,63],{"class":62},[56,154841,67],{"class":66},[56,154843,9324],{"class":70},[56,154845,444],{"class":74},[56,154847,78],{"class":70},[56,154849,449],{"class":74},[56,154851,78],{"class":70},[56,154853,454],{"class":74},[56,154855,78],{"class":70},[56,154857,459],{"class":74},[56,154859,238],{"class":70},[56,154861,154862],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154863,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,154867,112],{"class":111},[56,154869,115],{"class":70},[56,154871,95],{"class":101},[56,154873,251],{"class":70},[56,154875,75],{"class":74},[56,154877,141],{"class":70},[56,154879,901],{"class":74},[56,154881,1607],{"class":70},[20,154883,241],{},[47,154885,154887],{"className":49,"code":154886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154888,154889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154890,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154892,115],{"class":70},[56,154894,15834],{"class":74},[56,154896,78],{"class":70},[56,154898,454],{"class":74},[56,154900,238],{"class":70},[20,154902,154903,154904,98],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[36,154905,150825],{"href":150824},[42,154907,154909],{"id":154908},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154911,154912],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154914,154915],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154917,6777],{},[47,154919,154921],{"className":49,"code":154920,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154922,154923,154955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154924,154925,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154926,334],{"class":62},[56,154928,67],{"class":66},[56,154930,9324],{"class":70},[56,154932,181],{"class":180},[56,154934,343],{"class":184},[56,154936,181],{"class":180},[56,154938,78],{"class":70},[56,154940,191],{"class":180},[56,154942,352],{"class":184},[56,154944,181],{"class":180},[56,154946,78],{"class":70},[56,154948,191],{"class":180},[56,154950,361],{"class":184},[56,154952,181],{"class":180},[56,154954,238],{"class":70},[56,154956,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,154958,112],{"class":111},[56,154960,115],{"class":70},[56,154962,370],{"class":101},[56,154964,251],{"class":70},[56,154966,75],{"class":74},[56,154968,1607],{"class":70},[20,154970,154971],{},"But this does not work:",[47,154973,154975],{"className":49,"code":154974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154976,154977,155009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154978,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154980,334],{"class":62},[56,154982,67],{"class":66},[56,154984,9324],{"class":70},[56,154986,181],{"class":180},[56,154988,343],{"class":184},[56,154990,181],{"class":180},[56,154992,78],{"class":70},[56,154994,191],{"class":180},[56,154996,352],{"class":184},[56,154998,181],{"class":180},[56,155000,78],{"class":70},[56,155002,191],{"class":180},[56,155004,361],{"class":184},[56,155006,181],{"class":180},[56,155008,238],{"class":70},[56,155010,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155012,370],{"class":62},[56,155014,251],{"class":70},[56,155016,75],{"class":74},[56,155018,13351],{"class":70},[56,155020,13354],{"class":66},[56,155022,191],{"class":180},[56,155024,22605],{"class":184},[56,155026,1476],{"class":180},[20,155028,155029],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155031,155032],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[42,155034,1418],{"id":1417},[20,155036,155037],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[143,155039,155040,155046,155049,155052],{},[146,155041,132636,155042,11180,155044],{},[15,155043,75],{},[15,155045,2218],{},[146,155047,155048],{},"Using an index that is too large",[146,155050,155051],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[146,155053,155054,155055],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155056,155057],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155059,62370],{},[47,155061,155063],{"className":49,"code":155062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155064,155065,155075,155089,155103,155119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155066,155067,155069,155071,155073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155068,112],{"class":111},[56,155070,115],{"class":70},[56,155072,147926],{"class":101},[56,155074,238],{"class":70},[56,155076,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155078,112],{"class":111},[56,155080,115],{"class":70},[56,155082,11250],{"class":111},[56,155084,115],{"class":70},[56,155086,147926],{"class":101},[56,155088,1553],{"class":70},[56,155090,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,155092,112],{"class":111},[56,155094,115],{"class":70},[56,155096,147926],{"class":101},[56,155098,251],{"class":70},[56,155100,2218],{"class":74},[56,155102,1607],{"class":70},[56,155104,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,155106,112],{"class":111},[56,155108,115],{"class":70},[56,155110,147926],{"class":101},[56,155112,251],{"class":70},[56,155114,709],{"class":66},[56,155116,75],{"class":74},[56,155118,1607],{"class":70},[56,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,155122,112],{"class":111},[56,155124,115],{"class":70},[56,155126,1546],{"class":1545},[56,155128,115],{"class":70},[56,155130,147926],{"class":101},[56,155132,1553],{"class":70},[20,155134,155135],{},"These can help you confirm:",[143,155137,155138,155141,155143,155146],{},[146,155139,155140],{},"what the tuple contains",[146,155142,60860],{},[146,155144,155145],{},"what the first and last items are",[146,155147,155148],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[42,155150,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,155152,155154],{"id":155153},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155156,155157,155158,98],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155159,2218],{},[1030,155161,155163],{"id":155162},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155165,650,155166,155168],{},[15,155167,65928],{}," as the index:",[47,155170,155172],{"className":49,"code":155171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155173,155174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155175,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155177,147926],{"class":62},[56,155179,251],{"class":70},[56,155181,709],{"class":66},[56,155183,75],{"class":74},[56,155185,89],{"class":70},[1030,155187,155189],{"id":155188},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155191,155192],{},"Python raises:",[47,155194,155196],{"className":49,"code":155195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155197,155198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155199,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155201,70805],{"class":1545},[56,155203,141],{"class":70},[56,155205,149274],{"class":1545},[56,155207,154624],{"class":62},[56,155209,70997],{"class":111},[1030,155211,155213],{"id":155212},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155215,155216],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[42,155218,1996],{"id":1995},[143,155220,155221,155226,155230,155234,155240],{},[146,155222,155223],{},[36,155224,155225],{"href":147911},"How to create a tuple in Python",[146,155227,155228],{},[36,155229,150825],{"href":150824},[146,155231,155232],{},[36,155233,150830],{"href":149146},[146,155235,155236],{},[36,155237,26204,155238],{"href":154750},[15,155239,154753],{},[146,155241,155242],{},[36,155243,147908],{"href":147907},[2028,155245,155246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":155248},[155249,155250,155251,155252,155253,155254,155255,155256,155257,155258,155264],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":154012,"depth":92,"text":154013},{"id":154138,"depth":92,"text":154139},{"id":154276,"depth":92,"text":154277},{"id":154403,"depth":92,"text":154404},{"id":154528,"depth":92,"text":154529},{"id":154756,"depth":92,"text":154757},{"id":154908,"depth":92,"text":154909},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":155259},[155260,155261,155262,155263],{"id":155153,"depth":108,"text":155154},{"id":155162,"depth":108,"text":155163},{"id":155188,"depth":108,"text":155189},{"id":155212,"depth":108,"text":155213},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153869,"description":155265},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155271,"title":155272,"body":155273,"description":157162,"extension":2062,"meta":157163,"navigation":600,"path":157164,"seo":157165,"stem":157166,"__hash__":157167},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155274,"toc":157119},[155275,155281,155286,155337,155341,155349,155355,155357,155373,155375,155378,155393,155395,155408,155410,155467,155471,155479,155486,155492,155498,155502,155553,155557,155565,155569,155598,155602,155610,155614,155647,155651,155659,155663,155666,155717,155721,155729,155731,155748,155752,155756,155815,155819,155827,155830,155857,155861,155869,155873,155879,155954,155958,155995,156003,156007,156070,156074,156082,156087,156091,156097,156140,156144,156152,156158,156161,156208,156212,156220,156229,156235,156290,156294,156302,156305,156309,156311,156342,156346,156365,156368,156413,156417,156440,156446,156451,156453,156500,156505,156508,156556,156560,156568,156572,156577,156581,156631,156635,156650,156654,156712,156716,156731,156735,156806,156810,156819,156823,156902,156906,156928,156936,156938,156941,156966,156968,157021,157023,157040,157042,157046,157052,157057,157062,157066,157071,157075,157080,157086,157089,157091,157116],[10,155276,155278,155279,120],{"id":155277},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155280,11250],{},[20,155282,650,155283,155285],{},[15,155284,42440],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[47,155287,155289],{"className":49,"code":155288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155290,155291,155323],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155292,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155294,334],{"class":62},[56,155296,67],{"class":66},[56,155298,9324],{"class":70},[56,155300,181],{"class":180},[56,155302,343],{"class":184},[56,155304,181],{"class":180},[56,155306,78],{"class":70},[56,155308,191],{"class":180},[56,155310,352],{"class":184},[56,155312,181],{"class":180},[56,155314,78],{"class":70},[56,155316,191],{"class":180},[56,155318,361],{"class":184},[56,155320,181],{"class":180},[56,155322,238],{"class":70},[56,155324,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155326,112],{"class":111},[56,155328,115],{"class":70},[56,155330,11250],{"class":111},[56,155332,115],{"class":70},[56,155334,370],{"class":101},[56,155336,1553],{"class":70},[20,155338,155339],{},[540,155340,241],{},[47,155342,155343],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155344,155345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155346,155347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155348,46697],{"class":74},[20,155350,650,155351,155354],{},[15,155352,155353],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[42,155356,15242],{"id":15241},[143,155358,155359,155364,155368,155371],{},[146,155360,4285,155361,155363],{},[15,155362,42440],{}," works with tuples",[146,155365,68332,155366,11791],{},[15,155367,42440],{},[146,155369,155370],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[146,155372,4606],{},[42,155374,289],{"id":288},[20,155376,155377],{},"Use this pattern:",[47,155379,155381],{"className":49,"code":155380,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155382,155383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155384,155385,155387,155389,155391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155386,11250],{"class":111},[56,155388,115],{"class":70},[56,155390,147926],{"class":101},[56,155392,238],{"class":70},[20,155394,11546],{},[143,155396,155397,155400,155403],{},[146,155398,155399],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[146,155401,155402],{},"The result is an integer",[146,155404,155405,155407],{},[15,155406,42440],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155409,163],{},[47,155411,155413],{"className":49,"code":155412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155414,155415,155439,155453,155457],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155416,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155418,63],{"class":62},[56,155420,67],{"class":66},[56,155422,9324],{"class":70},[56,155424,444],{"class":74},[56,155426,78],{"class":70},[56,155428,449],{"class":74},[56,155430,78],{"class":70},[56,155432,454],{"class":74},[56,155434,78],{"class":70},[56,155436,459],{"class":74},[56,155438,238],{"class":70},[56,155440,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155442,41321],{"class":62},[56,155444,67],{"class":66},[56,155446,38465],{"class":111},[56,155448,115],{"class":70},[56,155450,95],{"class":101},[56,155452,238],{"class":70},[56,155454,155455],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,155456,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,155458,155459,155461,155463,155465],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,155460,112],{"class":111},[56,155462,115],{"class":70},[56,155464,41339],{"class":101},[56,155466,238],{"class":70},[20,155468,155469],{},[540,155470,241],{},[47,155472,155473],{"className":49,"code":48731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155474,155475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155476,155477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155478,48731],{"class":74},[20,155480,155481,155482,98],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[36,155483,2009,155484,2012],{"href":42437},[15,155485,42440],{},[42,155487,133,155489,155491],{"id":155488},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155490,42440],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155493,155494,155495,155497],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155496,42440],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1030,155499,155501],{"id":155500},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[47,155503,155505],{"className":49,"code":155504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155506,155507,155539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155508,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155510,553],{"class":62},[56,155512,67],{"class":66},[56,155514,9324],{"class":70},[56,155516,181],{"class":180},[56,155518,562],{"class":184},[56,155520,181],{"class":180},[56,155522,78],{"class":70},[56,155524,191],{"class":180},[56,155526,571],{"class":184},[56,155528,181],{"class":180},[56,155530,78],{"class":70},[56,155532,191],{"class":180},[56,155534,33304],{"class":184},[56,155536,181],{"class":180},[56,155538,238],{"class":70},[56,155540,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155542,112],{"class":111},[56,155544,115],{"class":70},[56,155546,11250],{"class":111},[56,155548,115],{"class":70},[56,155550,589],{"class":101},[56,155552,1553],{"class":70},[20,155554,155555],{},[540,155556,241],{},[47,155558,155559],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155560,155561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155562,155563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155564,46697],{"class":74},[1030,155566,155568],{"id":155567},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[47,155570,155572],{"className":49,"code":155571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155573,155574,155583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155575,155576,155579,155581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155577,155578],{"class":62},"empty_tuple ",[56,155580,67],{"class":66},[56,155582,149250],{"class":70},[56,155584,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155596],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155586,112],{"class":111},[56,155588,115],{"class":70},[56,155590,11250],{"class":111},[56,155592,115],{"class":70},[56,155594,155595],{"class":101},"empty_tuple",[56,155597,1553],{"class":70},[20,155599,155600],{},[540,155601,241],{},[47,155603,155604],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155605,155606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155607,155608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155609,47332],{"class":74},[1030,155611,155613],{"id":155612},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[47,155615,155617],{"className":49,"code":155616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155618,155619,155632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155620,155621,155624,155626,155628,155630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155622,155623],{"class":62},"single_value ",[56,155625,67],{"class":66},[56,155627,9324],{"class":70},[56,155629,2235],{"class":74},[56,155631,149264],{"class":70},[56,155633,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155645],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155635,112],{"class":111},[56,155637,115],{"class":70},[56,155639,11250],{"class":111},[56,155641,115],{"class":70},[56,155643,155644],{"class":101},"single_value",[56,155646,1553],{"class":70},[20,155648,155649],{},[540,155650,241],{},[47,155652,155653],{"className":49,"code":46997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155654,155655],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155656,155657],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155658,46997],{"class":74},[1030,155660,155662],{"id":155661},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155664,155665],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[47,155667,155669],{"className":49,"code":155668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155670,155671,155703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155674,9253],{"class":62},[56,155676,67],{"class":66},[56,155678,9324],{"class":70},[56,155680,75],{"class":74},[56,155682,78],{"class":70},[56,155684,9324],{"class":70},[56,155686,1097],{"class":74},[56,155688,78],{"class":70},[56,155690,86],{"class":74},[56,155692,9321],{"class":70},[56,155694,71],{"class":70},[56,155696,2602],{"class":74},[56,155698,78],{"class":70},[56,155700,4693],{"class":74},[56,155702,1607],{"class":70},[56,155704,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155706,112],{"class":111},[56,155708,115],{"class":70},[56,155710,11250],{"class":111},[56,155712,115],{"class":70},[56,155714,9292],{"class":101},[56,155716,1553],{"class":70},[20,155718,155719],{},[540,155720,241],{},[47,155722,155723],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155724,155725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155726,155727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155728,46697],{"class":74},[20,155730,20037],{},[143,155732,155733,155738,155743],{},[146,155734,155735,155737],{},[15,155736,75],{}," is one item",[146,155739,155740,155737],{},[15,155741,155742],{},"(2, 3)",[146,155744,155745,155737],{},[15,155746,155747],{},"[4, 5]",[42,155749,155751],{"id":155750},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1030,155753,155755],{"id":155754},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[47,155757,155759],{"className":49,"code":155758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155760,155761,155801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155762,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155764,334],{"class":62},[56,155766,67],{"class":66},[56,155768,9324],{"class":70},[56,155770,181],{"class":180},[56,155772,343],{"class":184},[56,155774,181],{"class":180},[56,155776,78],{"class":70},[56,155778,191],{"class":180},[56,155780,352],{"class":184},[56,155782,181],{"class":180},[56,155784,78],{"class":70},[56,155786,191],{"class":180},[56,155788,361],{"class":184},[56,155790,181],{"class":180},[56,155792,78],{"class":70},[56,155794,191],{"class":180},[56,155796,22605],{"class":184},[56,155798,181],{"class":180},[56,155800,238],{"class":70},[56,155802,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155804,112],{"class":111},[56,155806,115],{"class":70},[56,155808,11250],{"class":111},[56,155810,115],{"class":70},[56,155812,370],{"class":101},[56,155814,1553],{"class":70},[20,155816,155817],{},[540,155818,241],{},[47,155820,155821],{"className":49,"code":48731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155822,155823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155824,155825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155826,48731],{"class":74},[1030,155828,155568],{"id":155829},"empty-tuple-1",[47,155831,155833],{"className":49,"code":155832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155834,155835,155843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155836,155837,155839,155841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155838,7871],{"class":62},[56,155840,67],{"class":66},[56,155842,149250],{"class":70},[56,155844,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155846,112],{"class":111},[56,155848,115],{"class":70},[56,155850,11250],{"class":111},[56,155852,115],{"class":70},[56,155854,7900],{"class":101},[56,155856,1553],{"class":70},[20,155858,155859],{},[540,155860,241],{},[47,155862,155863],{"className":49,"code":47332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,155864,155865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155866,155867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155868,47332],{"class":74},[1030,155870,155872],{"id":155871},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155874,155875,155876,155878],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[540,155877,931],{}," always a tuple.",[47,155880,155882],{"className":49,"code":155881,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155883,155884,155896,155908,155912,155926,155940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155887,2652],{"class":62},[56,155889,67],{"class":66},[56,155891,9324],{"class":70},[56,155893,2235],{"class":74},[56,155895,238],{"class":70},[56,155897,155898,155900,155902,155904,155906],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155899,2680],{"class":62},[56,155901,67],{"class":66},[56,155903,9324],{"class":70},[56,155905,2235],{"class":74},[56,155907,149264],{"class":70},[56,155909,155910],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,155911,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,155915,112],{"class":111},[56,155917,115],{"class":70},[56,155919,1546],{"class":1545},[56,155921,115],{"class":70},[56,155923,36],{"class":101},[56,155925,1553],{"class":70},[56,155927,155928,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,155929,112],{"class":111},[56,155931,115],{"class":70},[56,155933,1546],{"class":1545},[56,155935,115],{"class":70},[56,155937,194],{"class":101},[56,155939,1553],{"class":70},[56,155941,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,155943,112],{"class":111},[56,155945,115],{"class":70},[56,155947,11250],{"class":111},[56,155949,115],{"class":70},[56,155951,194],{"class":101},[56,155953,1553],{"class":70},[20,155955,155956],{},[540,155957,241],{},[47,155959,155961],{"className":49,"code":155960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155962,155963,155977,155991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155964,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155966,1635],{"class":66},[56,155968,1639],{"class":1638},[56,155970,263],{"class":180},[56,155972,2286],{"class":184},[56,155974,254],{"class":180},[56,155976,1649],{"class":66},[56,155978,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,155980,1635],{"class":66},[56,155982,1639],{"class":1638},[56,155984,263],{"class":180},[56,155986,49034],{"class":184},[56,155988,254],{"class":180},[56,155990,1649],{"class":66},[56,155992,155993],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,155994,46997],{"class":74},[20,155996,155997,155998,4480,156001,98],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[36,155999,156000],{"href":147911},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[36,156002,149212],{"href":149211},[1030,156004,156006],{"id":156005},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[47,156008,156010],{"className":49,"code":156009,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156011,156012,156056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156013,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156015,59548],{"class":62},[56,156017,67],{"class":66},[56,156019,9324],{"class":70},[56,156021,181],{"class":180},[56,156023,562],{"class":184},[56,156025,181],{"class":180},[56,156027,78],{"class":70},[56,156029,71],{"class":70},[56,156031,75],{"class":74},[56,156033,78],{"class":70},[56,156035,81],{"class":74},[56,156037,18142],{"class":70},[56,156039,9324],{"class":70},[56,156041,181],{"class":180},[56,156043,2271],{"class":184},[56,156045,181],{"class":180},[56,156047,78],{"class":70},[56,156049,191],{"class":180},[56,156051,11831],{"class":184},[56,156053,181],{"class":180},[56,156055,1553],{"class":70},[56,156057,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156059,112],{"class":111},[56,156061,115],{"class":70},[56,156063,11250],{"class":111},[56,156065,115],{"class":70},[56,156067,59601],{"class":101},[56,156069,1553],{"class":70},[20,156071,156072],{},[540,156073,241],{},[47,156075,156076],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156077,156078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156079,156080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156081,46697],{"class":74},[20,156083,156084,156086],{},[15,156085,42440],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[42,156088,156090],{"id":156089},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1030,156092,156094,156096],{"id":156093},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156095,42440],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[47,156098,156100],{"className":49,"code":156099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156101,156102,156126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156103,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156105,4159],{"class":62},[56,156107,67],{"class":66},[56,156109,9324],{"class":70},[56,156111,181],{"class":180},[56,156113,63670],{"class":184},[56,156115,181],{"class":180},[56,156117,78],{"class":70},[56,156119,191],{"class":180},[56,156121,51],{"class":184},[56,156123,181],{"class":180},[56,156125,238],{"class":70},[56,156127,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156129,112],{"class":111},[56,156131,115],{"class":70},[56,156133,11250],{"class":111},[56,156135,115],{"class":70},[56,156137,4200],{"class":101},[56,156139,1553],{"class":70},[20,156141,156142],{},[540,156143,241],{},[47,156145,156146],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156147,156148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156149,156150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156151,17137],{"class":74},[20,156153,156154,156155,156157],{},"This result is ",[15,156156,1097],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156159,156160],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[47,156162,156164],{"className":49,"code":156163,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156165,156166,156190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156169,4159],{"class":62},[56,156171,67],{"class":66},[56,156173,9324],{"class":70},[56,156175,181],{"class":180},[56,156177,63670],{"class":184},[56,156179,181],{"class":180},[56,156181,78],{"class":70},[56,156183,191],{"class":180},[56,156185,51],{"class":184},[56,156187,181],{"class":180},[56,156189,238],{"class":70},[56,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156193,112],{"class":111},[56,156195,115],{"class":70},[56,156197,11250],{"class":111},[56,156199,115],{"class":70},[56,156201,4200],{"class":101},[56,156203,251],{"class":70},[56,156205,2218],{"class":74},[56,156207,3097],{"class":70},[20,156209,156210],{},[540,156211,241],{},[47,156213,156214],{"className":49,"code":17137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156215,156216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156217,156218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156219,17137],{"class":74},[20,156221,20851,156222,156225,156226,98],{},[15,156223,156224],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156227,156228],{},"\"hi\"",[1030,156230,156232,156234],{"id":156231},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156233,42440],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[47,156236,156238],{"className":49,"code":156237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156239,156240,156276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156241,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156243,3912],{"class":62},[56,156245,67],{"class":66},[56,156247,10083],{"class":70},[56,156249,75],{"class":74},[56,156251,78],{"class":70},[56,156253,81],{"class":74},[56,156255,9321],{"class":70},[56,156257,9324],{"class":70},[56,156259,901],{"class":74},[56,156261,78],{"class":70},[56,156263,2554],{"class":74},[56,156265,9321],{"class":70},[56,156267,9324],{"class":70},[56,156269,2235],{"class":74},[56,156271,78],{"class":70},[56,156273,37722],{"class":74},[56,156275,1553],{"class":70},[56,156277,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156279,112],{"class":111},[56,156281,115],{"class":70},[56,156283,11250],{"class":111},[56,156285,115],{"class":70},[56,156287,5448],{"class":101},[56,156289,1553],{"class":70},[20,156291,156292],{},[540,156293,241],{},[47,156295,156296],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156297,156298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156299,156300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156301,46697],{"class":74},[20,156303,156304],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1030,156306,156308],{"id":156307},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156310,25772],{},[47,156312,156314],{"className":49,"code":156313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156315,156316,156328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156317,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156319,2544],{"class":62},[56,156321,67],{"class":66},[56,156323,9324],{"class":70},[56,156325,444],{"class":74},[56,156327,238],{"class":70},[56,156329,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156331,112],{"class":111},[56,156333,115],{"class":70},[56,156335,1546],{"class":1545},[56,156337,115],{"class":70},[56,156339,2570],{"class":101},[56,156341,1553],{"class":70},[20,156343,156344],{},[540,156345,241],{},[47,156347,156349],{"className":49,"code":156348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156350,156351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156352,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156354,1635],{"class":66},[56,156356,1639],{"class":1638},[56,156358,263],{"class":180},[56,156360,2286],{"class":184},[56,156362,254],{"class":180},[56,156364,1649],{"class":66},[20,156366,156367],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[47,156369,156371],{"className":49,"code":156370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156372,156373,156385,156399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156374,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156376,2544],{"class":62},[56,156378,67],{"class":66},[56,156380,9324],{"class":70},[56,156382,444],{"class":74},[56,156384,149264],{"class":70},[56,156386,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156388,112],{"class":111},[56,156390,115],{"class":70},[56,156392,1546],{"class":1545},[56,156394,115],{"class":70},[56,156396,2570],{"class":101},[56,156398,1553],{"class":70},[56,156400,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156402,112],{"class":111},[56,156404,115],{"class":70},[56,156406,11250],{"class":111},[56,156408,115],{"class":70},[56,156410,2570],{"class":101},[56,156412,1553],{"class":70},[20,156414,156415],{},[540,156416,241],{},[47,156418,156420],{"className":49,"code":156419,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156421,156422,156436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156425,1635],{"class":66},[56,156427,1639],{"class":1638},[56,156429,263],{"class":180},[56,156431,49034],{"class":184},[56,156433,254],{"class":180},[56,156435,1649],{"class":66},[56,156437,156438],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156439,46997],{"class":74},[1030,156441,156443,156445],{"id":156442},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156444,11250],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156447,44509,156448,156450],{},[15,156449,11250],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156452,44540],{},[47,156454,156456],{"className":49,"code":156455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156457,156458,156466,156486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156459,156460,156462,156464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156461,11250],{"class":111},[56,156463,13354],{"class":66},[56,156465,2685],{"class":74},[56,156467,156468,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156469,63],{"class":62},[56,156471,67],{"class":66},[56,156473,9324],{"class":70},[56,156475,75],{"class":74},[56,156477,78],{"class":70},[56,156479,81],{"class":74},[56,156481,78],{"class":70},[56,156483,86],{"class":74},[56,156485,238],{"class":70},[56,156487,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156489,112],{"class":111},[56,156491,115],{"class":70},[56,156493,11250],{"class":111},[56,156495,115],{"class":70},[56,156497,95],{"class":101},[56,156499,1553],{"class":70},[20,156501,39733,156502,156504],{},[15,156503,11250],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156506,156507],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[47,156509,156511],{"className":49,"code":156510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156512,156513,156522,156542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156514,156515,156518,156520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156516,156517],{"class":62},"length_value ",[56,156519,67],{"class":66},[56,156521,2685],{"class":74},[56,156523,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156525,63],{"class":62},[56,156527,67],{"class":66},[56,156529,9324],{"class":70},[56,156531,75],{"class":74},[56,156533,78],{"class":70},[56,156535,81],{"class":74},[56,156537,78],{"class":70},[56,156539,86],{"class":74},[56,156541,238],{"class":70},[56,156543,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156545,112],{"class":111},[56,156547,115],{"class":70},[56,156549,11250],{"class":111},[56,156551,115],{"class":70},[56,156553,95],{"class":101},[56,156555,1553],{"class":70},[20,156557,156558],{},[540,156559,241],{},[47,156561,156562],{"className":49,"code":46697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156563,156564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156565,156566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156567,46697],{"class":74},[42,156569,156571],{"id":156570},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156573,156574,156576],{},[15,156575,42440],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1030,156578,156580],{"id":156579},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[47,156582,156584],{"className":49,"code":156583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156585,156586,156594,156598,156616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156587,156588,156590,156592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156589,7871],{"class":62},[56,156591,67],{"class":66},[56,156593,149250],{"class":70},[56,156595,156596],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156597,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,156599,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156601,7087],{"class":3965},[56,156603,38465],{"class":111},[56,156605,115],{"class":70},[56,156607,7900],{"class":101},[56,156609,120],{"class":70},[56,156611,6499],{"class":66},[56,156613,3923],{"class":74},[56,156615,6484],{"class":70},[56,156617,156618,156620,156622,156624,156627,156629],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,156619,8160],{"class":111},[56,156621,115],{"class":70},[56,156623,181],{"class":180},[56,156625,156626],{"class":184},"The tuple is empty",[56,156628,181],{"class":180},[56,156630,238],{"class":70},[20,156632,156633],{},[540,156634,241],{},[47,156636,156638],{"className":49,"code":156637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156639,156640],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156641,156642,156644,156646,156648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156643,2079],{"class":62},[56,156645,49034],{"class":1545},[56,156647,8187],{"class":66},[56,156649,8193],{"class":62},[1030,156651,156653],{"id":156652},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[47,156655,156657],{"className":49,"code":156656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156658,156659,156675,156679,156697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156660,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156662,51466],{"class":62},[56,156664,67],{"class":66},[56,156666,9324],{"class":70},[56,156668,2602],{"class":74},[56,156670,78],{"class":70},[56,156672,6084],{"class":74},[56,156674,238],{"class":70},[56,156676,156677],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156678,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,156680,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156682,7087],{"class":3965},[56,156684,38465],{"class":111},[56,156686,115],{"class":70},[56,156688,51491],{"class":101},[56,156690,120],{"class":70},[56,156692,6499],{"class":66},[56,156694,81],{"class":74},[56,156696,6484],{"class":70},[56,156698,156699,156701,156703,156705,156708,156710],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,156700,8160],{"class":111},[56,156702,115],{"class":70},[56,156704,181],{"class":180},[56,156706,156707],{"class":184},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[56,156709,181],{"class":180},[56,156711,238],{"class":70},[20,156713,156714],{},[540,156715,241],{},[47,156717,156719],{"className":49,"code":156718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156720,156721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156722,156723,156726,156728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156724,156725],{"class":62},"This looks like an x",[56,156727,78],{"class":70},[56,156729,156730],{"class":62}," y coordinate\n",[1030,156732,156734],{"id":156733},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[47,156736,156738],{"className":49,"code":156737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156739,156740,156769,156773,156791],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156741,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156765,156767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156743,11574],{"class":62},[56,156745,67],{"class":66},[56,156747,9324],{"class":70},[56,156749,181],{"class":180},[56,156751,12961],{"class":184},[56,156753,181],{"class":180},[56,156755,78],{"class":70},[56,156757,9394],{"class":74},[56,156759,78],{"class":70},[56,156761,191],{"class":180},[56,156763,156764],{"class":184},"Canada",[56,156766,181],{"class":180},[56,156768,238],{"class":70},[56,156770,156771],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156772,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,156774,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156776,7087],{"class":3965},[56,156778,38465],{"class":111},[56,156780,115],{"class":70},[56,156782,11668],{"class":101},[56,156784,120],{"class":70},[56,156786,6499],{"class":66},[56,156788,86],{"class":74},[56,156790,6484],{"class":70},[56,156792,156793,156795,156797,156799,156802,156804],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,156794,8160],{"class":111},[56,156796,115],{"class":70},[56,156798,181],{"class":180},[56,156800,156801],{"class":184},"User record has the expected number of values",[56,156803,181],{"class":180},[56,156805,238],{"class":70},[20,156807,156808],{},[540,156809,241],{},[47,156811,156813],{"className":49,"code":156812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156814,156815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156816,156817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156818,156812],{"class":62},[1030,156820,156822],{"id":156821},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[47,156824,156826],{"className":49,"code":156825,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156827,156828,156860,156864,156884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156829,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156831,173],{"class":62},[56,156833,67],{"class":66},[56,156835,9324],{"class":70},[56,156837,181],{"class":180},[56,156839,36],{"class":184},[56,156841,181],{"class":180},[56,156843,78],{"class":70},[56,156845,191],{"class":180},[56,156847,194],{"class":184},[56,156849,181],{"class":180},[56,156851,78],{"class":70},[56,156853,191],{"class":180},[56,156855,203],{"class":184},[56,156857,181],{"class":180},[56,156859,238],{"class":70},[56,156861,156862],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156863,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,156865,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156867,6048],{"class":3965},[56,156869,69622],{"class":62},[56,156871,3972],{"class":3965},[56,156873,54150],{"class":111},[56,156875,115],{"class":70},[56,156877,11250],{"class":111},[56,156879,115],{"class":70},[56,156881,221],{"class":101},[56,156883,69637],{"class":70},[56,156885,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,156887,8160],{"class":111},[56,156889,115],{"class":70},[56,156891,36234],{"class":101},[56,156893,78],{"class":70},[56,156895,70170],{"class":101},[56,156897,251],{"class":70},[56,156899,36234],{"class":101},[56,156901,1607],{"class":70},[20,156903,156904],{},[540,156905,241],{},[47,156907,156908],{"className":49,"code":36246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,156909,156910,156916,156922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156911,156912,156914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156913,2218],{"class":74},[56,156915,36255],{"class":62},[56,156917,156918,156920],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156919,75],{"class":74},[56,156921,36262],{"class":62},[56,156923,156924,156926],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,156925,1097],{"class":74},[56,156927,36269],{"class":62},[20,156929,156930,156931,156933,156934,98],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[36,156932,149581],{"href":149580},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[36,156935,150825],{"href":150824},[42,156937,1418],{"id":1417},[20,156939,156940],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[143,156942,156943,156951,156958,156963],{},[146,156944,156945,156946,11180,156949],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156947,156948],{},"(5)",[15,156950,149415],{},[146,156952,1441,156953,156955,156956],{},[15,156954,11250],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156957,42440],{},[146,156959,1435,156960,156962],{},[15,156961,42440],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[146,156964,156965],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156967,32165],{},[47,156969,156971],{"className":49,"code":156970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156972,156973,156983,156997,157011],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156976,112],{"class":111},[56,156978,115],{"class":70},[56,156980,147926],{"class":101},[56,156982,238],{"class":70},[56,156984,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,156986,112],{"class":111},[56,156988,115],{"class":70},[56,156990,1546],{"class":1545},[56,156992,115],{"class":70},[56,156994,147926],{"class":101},[56,156996,1553],{"class":70},[56,156998,156999,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157000,112],{"class":111},[56,157002,115],{"class":70},[56,157004,11250],{"class":111},[56,157006,115],{"class":70},[56,157008,147926],{"class":101},[56,157010,1553],{"class":70},[56,157012,157013,157015,157017,157019],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,157014,32235],{"class":111},[56,157016,115],{"class":70},[56,157018,11250],{"class":111},[56,157020,238],{"class":70},[20,157022,155135],{},[143,157024,157025,157028,157031,157035],{},[146,157026,157027],{},"what value you are using",[146,157029,157030],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[146,157032,26101,157033,11791],{},[15,157034,42440],{},[146,157036,123299,157037,157039],{},[15,157038,42440],{}," is documented in Python",[42,157041,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,157043,157045],{"id":157044},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157047,650,157048,157051],{},[15,157049,157050],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1030,157053,1892,157055,149085],{"id":157054},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157056,42440],{},[20,157058,1931,157059,157061],{},[15,157060,42440],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1030,157063,157065],{"id":157064},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157067,157068,157069,98],{},"The length is ",[15,157070,2218],{},[1030,157072,157074],{"id":157073},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157076,150771,157077,157079],{},[15,157078,150774],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1030,157081,1892,157083,157085],{"id":157082},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157084,42440],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157087,157088],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[42,157090,1996],{"id":1995},[143,157092,157093,157099,157103,157107,157111],{},[146,157094,157095],{},[36,157096,2009,157097,2012],{"href":42437},[15,157098,42440],{},[146,157100,157101],{},[36,157102,156000],{"href":147911},[146,157104,157105],{},[36,157106,149581],{"href":149580},[146,157108,157109],{},[36,157110,150825],{"href":150824},[146,157112,157113],{},[36,157114,157115],{"href":149211},"What is a tuple in Python",[2028,157117,157118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":157120},[157121,157122,157123,157130,157136,157145,157151,157152,157161],{"id":15241,"depth":92,"text":15242},{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":155488,"depth":92,"text":157124,"children":157125},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157126,157127,157128,157129],{"id":155500,"depth":108,"text":155501},{"id":155567,"depth":108,"text":155568},{"id":155612,"depth":108,"text":155613},{"id":155661,"depth":108,"text":155662},{"id":155750,"depth":92,"text":155751,"children":157131},[157132,157133,157134,157135],{"id":155754,"depth":108,"text":155755},{"id":155829,"depth":108,"text":155568},{"id":155871,"depth":108,"text":155872},{"id":156005,"depth":108,"text":156006},{"id":156089,"depth":92,"text":156090,"children":157137},[157138,157140,157142,157143],{"id":156093,"depth":108,"text":157139},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156231,"depth":108,"text":157141},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156307,"depth":108,"text":156308},{"id":156442,"depth":108,"text":157144},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156570,"depth":92,"text":156571,"children":157146},[157147,157148,157149,157150],{"id":156579,"depth":108,"text":156580},{"id":156652,"depth":108,"text":156653},{"id":156733,"depth":108,"text":156734},{"id":156821,"depth":108,"text":156822},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":157153},[157154,157155,157157,157158,157159],{"id":157044,"depth":108,"text":157045},{"id":157054,"depth":108,"text":157156},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157064,"depth":108,"text":157065},{"id":157073,"depth":108,"text":157074},{"id":157082,"depth":108,"text":157160},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155272,"description":157162},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157169,"title":157170,"body":157171,"description":159556,"extension":2062,"meta":159557,"navigation":600,"path":159558,"seo":159559,"stem":159560,"__hash__":159561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157172,"toc":159517},[157173,157176,157179,157182,157205,157211,157213,157324,157328,157331,157341,157343,157442,157444,157521,157527,157531,157534,157557,157560,157577,157580,157582,157645,157647,157664,157675,157680,157682,157685,157691,157742,157744,157764,157768,157819,157821,157842,157846,157901,157903,157924,157928,157983,157985,158006,158010,158063,158065,158094,158096,158098,158101,158105,158162,158164,158185,158189,158242,158244,158269,158274,158278,158283,158301,158304,158367,158369,158390,158393,158454,158456,158477,158480,158523,158526,158530,158535,158539,158618,158620,158651,158655,158730,158732,158759,158763,158810,158812,158820,158825,158829,158832,158847,158849,158937,158939,158964,158967,159010,159019,159021,159024,159039,159042,159046,159100,159102,159122,159127,159131,159133,159171,159174,159224,159228,159301,159303,159340,159343,159345,159348,159368,159371,159440,159442,159455,159457,159461,159464,159468,159471,159476,159479,159485,159490,159492,159514],[10,157174,157170],{"id":157175},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157177,157178],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157180,157181],{},"Use this format:",[47,157183,157185],{"className":49,"code":157184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157186,157187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157188,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157190,49034],{"class":62},[56,157192,251],{"class":70},[56,157194,36154],{"class":62},[56,157196,141],{"class":70},[56,157198,75345],{"class":62},[56,157200,141],{"class":70},[56,157202,75348],{"class":62},[56,157204,89],{"class":70},[20,157206,2079,157207,75381,157209,98],{},[15,157208,75345],{},[540,157210,65143],{},[42,157212,2104],{"id":2103},[47,157214,157216],{"className":49,"code":157215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157217,157218,157246,157250,157271,157288,157305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157219,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157221,63],{"class":62},[56,157223,67],{"class":66},[56,157225,9324],{"class":70},[56,157227,444],{"class":74},[56,157229,78],{"class":70},[56,157231,449],{"class":74},[56,157233,78],{"class":70},[56,157235,454],{"class":74},[56,157237,78],{"class":70},[56,157239,459],{"class":74},[56,157241,78],{"class":70},[56,157243,5168],{"class":74},[56,157245,238],{"class":70},[56,157247,157248],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157249,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157253,112],{"class":111},[56,157255,115],{"class":70},[56,157257,95],{"class":101},[56,157259,251],{"class":70},[56,157261,75],{"class":74},[56,157263,141],{"class":70},[56,157265,2602],{"class":74},[56,157267,20526],{"class":70},[56,157269,157270],{"class":123},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[56,157272,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,157274,112],{"class":111},[56,157276,115],{"class":70},[56,157278,95],{"class":101},[56,157280,75454],{"class":70},[56,157282,901],{"class":74},[56,157284,20526],{"class":70},[56,157286,157287],{"class":123},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[56,157289,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,157291,112],{"class":111},[56,157293,115],{"class":70},[56,157295,95],{"class":101},[56,157297,706],{"class":70},[56,157299,1097],{"class":74},[56,157301,20526],{"class":70},[56,157303,157304],{"class":123},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[56,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,157308,112],{"class":111},[56,157310,115],{"class":70},[56,157312,95],{"class":101},[56,157314,706],{"class":70},[56,157316,709],{"class":66},[56,157318,75],{"class":74},[56,157320,20526],{"class":70},[56,157322,157323],{"class":123},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[42,157325,157327],{"id":157326},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157329,157330],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[143,157332,157333,157335,157338],{},[146,157334,75648],{},[146,157336,157337],{},"The result is a new tuple",[146,157339,157340],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157342,163],{},[47,157344,157346],{"className":49,"code":157345,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157347,157348,157396,157400,157418,157422,157432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157349,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157351,173],{"class":62},[56,157353,67],{"class":66},[56,157355,9324],{"class":70},[56,157357,181],{"class":180},[56,157359,36],{"class":184},[56,157361,181],{"class":180},[56,157363,78],{"class":70},[56,157365,191],{"class":180},[56,157367,194],{"class":184},[56,157369,181],{"class":180},[56,157371,78],{"class":70},[56,157373,191],{"class":180},[56,157375,203],{"class":184},[56,157377,181],{"class":180},[56,157379,78],{"class":70},[56,157381,191],{"class":180},[56,157383,212],{"class":184},[56,157385,181],{"class":180},[56,157387,78],{"class":70},[56,157389,191],{"class":180},[56,157391,60523],{"class":184},[56,157393,181],{"class":180},[56,157395,238],{"class":70},[56,157397,157398],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157399,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157401,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157403,75578],{"class":62},[56,157405,67],{"class":66},[56,157407,70170],{"class":62},[56,157409,251],{"class":70},[56,157411,75],{"class":74},[56,157413,141],{"class":70},[56,157415,2602],{"class":74},[56,157417,89],{"class":70},[56,157419,157420],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,157421,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157423,157424,157426,157428,157430],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,157425,112],{"class":111},[56,157427,115],{"class":70},[56,157429,75601],{"class":101},[56,157431,238],{"class":70},[56,157433,157434,157436,157438,157440],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,157435,112],{"class":111},[56,157437,115],{"class":70},[56,157439,221],{"class":101},[56,157441,238],{"class":70},[20,157443,241],{},[47,157445,157447],{"className":49,"code":157446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157448,157449,157477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157450,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157452,115],{"class":70},[56,157454,254],{"class":180},[56,157456,194],{"class":184},[56,157458,254],{"class":180},[56,157460,78],{"class":70},[56,157462,263],{"class":180},[56,157464,203],{"class":184},[56,157466,254],{"class":180},[56,157468,78],{"class":70},[56,157470,263],{"class":180},[56,157472,212],{"class":184},[56,157474,254],{"class":180},[56,157476,238],{"class":70},[56,157478,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157480,115],{"class":70},[56,157482,254],{"class":180},[56,157484,36],{"class":184},[56,157486,254],{"class":180},[56,157488,78],{"class":70},[56,157490,263],{"class":180},[56,157492,194],{"class":184},[56,157494,254],{"class":180},[56,157496,78],{"class":70},[56,157498,263],{"class":180},[56,157500,203],{"class":184},[56,157502,254],{"class":180},[56,157504,78],{"class":70},[56,157506,263],{"class":180},[56,157508,212],{"class":184},[56,157510,254],{"class":180},[56,157512,78],{"class":70},[56,157514,263],{"class":180},[56,157516,60523],{"class":184},[56,157518,254],{"class":180},[56,157520,238],{"class":70},[20,157522,157523,157524,98],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,157525,147908],{"href":157526},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[42,157528,157530],{"id":157529},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157532,157533],{},"The full syntax is:",[47,157535,157537],{"className":49,"code":157536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157538,157539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157540,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157542,147926],{"class":62},[56,157544,251],{"class":70},[56,157546,36154],{"class":62},[56,157548,141],{"class":70},[56,157550,75345],{"class":62},[56,157552,141],{"class":70},[56,157554,75348],{"class":62},[56,157556,89],{"class":70},[20,157558,157559],{},"Each part has a job:",[143,157561,157562,157567,157572],{},[146,157563,157564,157566],{},[15,157565,36154],{},": where slicing begins",[146,157568,157569,157571],{},[15,157570,75345],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[146,157573,157574,157576],{},[15,157575,75348],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157578,157579],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157581,163],{},[47,157583,157585],{"className":49,"code":157584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157586,157587,157619,157623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157588,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157590,63],{"class":62},[56,157592,67],{"class":66},[56,157594,9324],{"class":70},[56,157596,444],{"class":74},[56,157598,78],{"class":70},[56,157600,449],{"class":74},[56,157602,78],{"class":70},[56,157604,454],{"class":74},[56,157606,78],{"class":70},[56,157608,459],{"class":74},[56,157610,78],{"class":70},[56,157612,5168],{"class":74},[56,157614,78],{"class":70},[56,157616,76019],{"class":74},[56,157618,238],{"class":70},[56,157620,157621],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157622,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157624,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157626,112],{"class":111},[56,157628,115],{"class":70},[56,157630,95],{"class":101},[56,157632,251],{"class":70},[56,157634,75],{"class":74},[56,157636,141],{"class":70},[56,157638,2235],{"class":74},[56,157640,141],{"class":70},[56,157642,1097],{"class":74},[56,157644,1607],{"class":70},[20,157646,241],{},[47,157648,157650],{"className":49,"code":157649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157651,157652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157653,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157655,115],{"class":70},[56,157657,15834],{"class":74},[56,157659,78],{"class":70},[56,157661,459],{"class":74},[56,157663,238],{"class":70},[20,157665,157666,157667,157669,157670,157672,157673,98],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157668,75],{},", stops before index ",[15,157671,2235],{},", and moves by ",[15,157674,1097],{},[20,157676,157677,157678,98],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[36,157679,149581],{"href":153007},[42,157681,75935],{"id":75934},[20,157683,157684],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1030,157686,157688,157689,6056],{"id":157687},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157690,75949],{},[47,157692,157694],{"className":49,"code":157693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157695,157696,157724,157728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157697,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157699,63],{"class":62},[56,157701,67],{"class":66},[56,157703,9324],{"class":70},[56,157705,444],{"class":74},[56,157707,78],{"class":70},[56,157709,449],{"class":74},[56,157711,78],{"class":70},[56,157713,454],{"class":74},[56,157715,78],{"class":70},[56,157717,459],{"class":74},[56,157719,78],{"class":70},[56,157721,5168],{"class":74},[56,157723,238],{"class":70},[56,157725,157726],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157727,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157729,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157731,112],{"class":111},[56,157733,115],{"class":70},[56,157735,95],{"class":101},[56,157737,75454],{"class":70},[56,157739,901],{"class":74},[56,157741,1607],{"class":70},[20,157743,241],{},[47,157745,157746],{"className":49,"code":151273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,157747,157748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157749,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157751,115],{"class":70},[56,157753,444],{"class":74},[56,157755,78],{"class":70},[56,157757,449],{"class":74},[56,157759,78],{"class":70},[56,157761,454],{"class":74},[56,157763,238],{"class":70},[1030,157765,157767],{"id":157766},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[47,157769,157771],{"className":49,"code":157770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157772,157773,157801,157805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157776,63],{"class":62},[56,157778,67],{"class":66},[56,157780,9324],{"class":70},[56,157782,444],{"class":74},[56,157784,78],{"class":70},[56,157786,449],{"class":74},[56,157788,78],{"class":70},[56,157790,454],{"class":74},[56,157792,78],{"class":70},[56,157794,459],{"class":74},[56,157796,78],{"class":70},[56,157798,5168],{"class":74},[56,157800,238],{"class":70},[56,157802,157803],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157804,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157806,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157808,112],{"class":111},[56,157810,115],{"class":70},[56,157812,95],{"class":101},[56,157814,251],{"class":70},[56,157816,1097],{"class":74},[56,157818,77635],{"class":70},[20,157820,241],{},[47,157822,157824],{"className":49,"code":157823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157825,157826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157827,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157829,115],{"class":70},[56,157831,36920],{"class":74},[56,157833,78],{"class":70},[56,157835,459],{"class":74},[56,157837,78],{"class":70},[56,157839,5168],{"class":74},[56,157841,238],{"class":70},[1030,157843,157845],{"id":157844},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[47,157847,157849],{"className":49,"code":157848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157850,157851,157879,157883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157852,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157854,63],{"class":62},[56,157856,67],{"class":66},[56,157858,9324],{"class":70},[56,157860,444],{"class":74},[56,157862,78],{"class":70},[56,157864,449],{"class":74},[56,157866,78],{"class":70},[56,157868,454],{"class":74},[56,157870,78],{"class":70},[56,157872,459],{"class":74},[56,157874,78],{"class":70},[56,157876,5168],{"class":74},[56,157878,238],{"class":70},[56,157880,157881],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157882,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157886,112],{"class":111},[56,157888,115],{"class":70},[56,157890,95],{"class":101},[56,157892,251],{"class":70},[56,157894,75],{"class":74},[56,157896,141],{"class":70},[56,157898,2602],{"class":74},[56,157900,1607],{"class":70},[20,157902,241],{},[47,157904,157906],{"className":49,"code":157905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157907,157908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157909,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157911,115],{"class":70},[56,157913,15834],{"class":74},[56,157915,78],{"class":70},[56,157917,454],{"class":74},[56,157919,78],{"class":70},[56,157921,459],{"class":74},[56,157923,238],{"class":70},[1030,157925,157927],{"id":157926},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[47,157929,157931],{"className":49,"code":157930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157932,157933,157965,157969],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157934,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157936,63],{"class":62},[56,157938,67],{"class":66},[56,157940,9324],{"class":70},[56,157942,444],{"class":74},[56,157944,78],{"class":70},[56,157946,449],{"class":74},[56,157948,78],{"class":70},[56,157950,454],{"class":74},[56,157952,78],{"class":70},[56,157954,459],{"class":74},[56,157956,78],{"class":70},[56,157958,5168],{"class":74},[56,157960,78],{"class":70},[56,157962,76019],{"class":74},[56,157964,238],{"class":70},[56,157966,157967],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,157968,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,157970,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,157972,112],{"class":111},[56,157974,115],{"class":70},[56,157976,95],{"class":101},[56,157978,706],{"class":70},[56,157980,1097],{"class":74},[56,157982,1607],{"class":70},[20,157984,241],{},[47,157986,157988],{"className":49,"code":157987,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157989,157990],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157993,115],{"class":70},[56,157995,444],{"class":74},[56,157997,78],{"class":70},[56,157999,454],{"class":74},[56,158001,78],{"class":70},[56,158003,5168],{"class":74},[56,158005,238],{"class":70},[1030,158007,158009],{"id":158008},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[47,158011,158013],{"className":49,"code":158012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158014,158015,158043,158047],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158016,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158018,63],{"class":62},[56,158020,67],{"class":66},[56,158022,9324],{"class":70},[56,158024,444],{"class":74},[56,158026,78],{"class":70},[56,158028,449],{"class":74},[56,158030,78],{"class":70},[56,158032,454],{"class":74},[56,158034,78],{"class":70},[56,158036,459],{"class":74},[56,158038,78],{"class":70},[56,158040,5168],{"class":74},[56,158042,238],{"class":70},[56,158044,158045],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158046,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158050,112],{"class":111},[56,158052,115],{"class":70},[56,158054,95],{"class":101},[56,158056,706],{"class":70},[56,158058,709],{"class":66},[56,158060,75],{"class":74},[56,158062,1607],{"class":70},[20,158064,241],{},[47,158066,158068],{"className":49,"code":158067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158069,158070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158071,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158073,115],{"class":70},[56,158075,76713],{"class":74},[56,158077,78],{"class":70},[56,158079,459],{"class":74},[56,158081,78],{"class":70},[56,158083,454],{"class":74},[56,158085,78],{"class":70},[56,158087,449],{"class":74},[56,158089,78],{"class":70},[56,158091,508],{"class":74},[56,158093,238],{"class":70},[42,158095,76229],{"id":76228},[20,158097,154280],{},[20,158099,158100],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1030,158102,158104],{"id":158103},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[47,158106,158108],{"className":49,"code":158107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158109,158110,158142,158146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158111,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158113,63],{"class":62},[56,158115,67],{"class":66},[56,158117,9324],{"class":70},[56,158119,444],{"class":74},[56,158121,78],{"class":70},[56,158123,449],{"class":74},[56,158125,78],{"class":70},[56,158127,454],{"class":74},[56,158129,78],{"class":70},[56,158131,459],{"class":74},[56,158133,78],{"class":70},[56,158135,5168],{"class":74},[56,158137,78],{"class":70},[56,158139,76019],{"class":74},[56,158141,238],{"class":70},[56,158143,158144],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158145,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158147,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158149,112],{"class":111},[56,158151,115],{"class":70},[56,158153,95],{"class":101},[56,158155,251],{"class":70},[56,158157,709],{"class":66},[56,158159,901],{"class":74},[56,158161,77635],{"class":70},[20,158163,241],{},[47,158165,158167],{"className":49,"code":158166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158168,158169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158170,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158172,115],{"class":70},[56,158174,495],{"class":74},[56,158176,78],{"class":70},[56,158178,5168],{"class":74},[56,158180,78],{"class":70},[56,158182,76019],{"class":74},[56,158184,238],{"class":70},[1030,158186,158188],{"id":158187},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[47,158190,158192],{"className":49,"code":158191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158193,158194,158222,158226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158195,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158197,63],{"class":62},[56,158199,67],{"class":66},[56,158201,9324],{"class":70},[56,158203,444],{"class":74},[56,158205,78],{"class":70},[56,158207,449],{"class":74},[56,158209,78],{"class":70},[56,158211,454],{"class":74},[56,158213,78],{"class":70},[56,158215,459],{"class":74},[56,158217,78],{"class":70},[56,158219,5168],{"class":74},[56,158221,238],{"class":70},[56,158223,158224],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158225,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158227,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158229,112],{"class":111},[56,158231,115],{"class":70},[56,158233,95],{"class":101},[56,158235,75454],{"class":70},[56,158237,709],{"class":66},[56,158239,75],{"class":74},[56,158241,1607],{"class":70},[20,158243,241],{},[47,158245,158247],{"className":49,"code":158246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158248,158249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158250,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158252,115],{"class":70},[56,158254,444],{"class":74},[56,158256,78],{"class":70},[56,158258,449],{"class":74},[56,158260,78],{"class":70},[56,158262,454],{"class":74},[56,158264,78],{"class":70},[56,158266,459],{"class":74},[56,158268,238],{"class":70},[20,158270,158271,158272,98],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[36,158273,150830],{"href":157164},[42,158275,158277],{"id":158276},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158279,2079,158280,158282],{},[15,158281,75348],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[143,158284,158285,158287,158289,158295],{},[146,158286,76485],{},[146,158288,76488],{},[146,158290,158291,158294],{},[15,158292,158293],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[146,158296,158297,158298,158300],{},"A step of ",[15,158299,2218],{}," is not allowed",[20,158302,158303],{},"Example with a positive step:",[47,158305,158307],{"className":49,"code":158306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158308,158309,158341,158345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158310,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158312,63],{"class":62},[56,158314,67],{"class":66},[56,158316,9324],{"class":70},[56,158318,444],{"class":74},[56,158320,78],{"class":70},[56,158322,449],{"class":74},[56,158324,78],{"class":70},[56,158326,454],{"class":74},[56,158328,78],{"class":70},[56,158330,459],{"class":74},[56,158332,78],{"class":70},[56,158334,5168],{"class":74},[56,158336,78],{"class":70},[56,158338,76019],{"class":74},[56,158340,238],{"class":70},[56,158342,158343],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158344,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158346,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158348,112],{"class":111},[56,158350,115],{"class":70},[56,158352,95],{"class":101},[56,158354,251],{"class":70},[56,158356,75],{"class":74},[56,158358,141],{"class":70},[56,158360,80513],{"class":74},[56,158362,141],{"class":70},[56,158364,1097],{"class":74},[56,158366,1607],{"class":70},[20,158368,241],{},[47,158370,158372],{"className":49,"code":158371,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158373,158374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158375,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158377,115],{"class":70},[56,158379,15834],{"class":74},[56,158381,78],{"class":70},[56,158383,459],{"class":74},[56,158385,78],{"class":70},[56,158387,76019],{"class":74},[56,158389,238],{"class":70},[20,158391,158392],{},"Example with a negative step:",[47,158394,158396],{"className":49,"code":158395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158397,158398,158426,158430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158399,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158401,63],{"class":62},[56,158403,67],{"class":66},[56,158405,9324],{"class":70},[56,158407,444],{"class":74},[56,158409,78],{"class":70},[56,158411,449],{"class":74},[56,158413,78],{"class":70},[56,158415,454],{"class":74},[56,158417,78],{"class":70},[56,158419,459],{"class":74},[56,158421,78],{"class":70},[56,158423,5168],{"class":74},[56,158425,238],{"class":70},[56,158427,158428],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158429,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158431,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158433,112],{"class":111},[56,158435,115],{"class":70},[56,158437,95],{"class":101},[56,158439,251],{"class":70},[56,158441,2602],{"class":74},[56,158443,141],{"class":70},[56,158445,75],{"class":74},[56,158447,141],{"class":70},[56,158449,709],{"class":66},[56,158451,75],{"class":74},[56,158453,1607],{"class":70},[20,158455,241],{},[47,158457,158459],{"className":49,"code":158458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158460,158461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158462,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158464,115],{"class":70},[56,158466,76713],{"class":74},[56,158468,78],{"class":70},[56,158470,459],{"class":74},[56,158472,78],{"class":70},[56,158474,454],{"class":74},[56,158476,238],{"class":70},[20,158478,158479],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[47,158481,158483],{"className":49,"code":158482,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158484,158485,158505,158509],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158486,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158488,63],{"class":62},[56,158490,67],{"class":66},[56,158492,9324],{"class":70},[56,158494,444],{"class":74},[56,158496,78],{"class":70},[56,158498,449],{"class":74},[56,158500,78],{"class":70},[56,158502,454],{"class":74},[56,158504,238],{"class":70},[56,158506,158507],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158508,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158510,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158512,112],{"class":111},[56,158514,115],{"class":70},[56,158516,95],{"class":101},[56,158518,706],{"class":70},[56,158520,2218],{"class":74},[56,158522,1607],{"class":70},[20,158524,158525],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[42,158527,158529],{"id":158528},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158531,158532,158533,33824],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[540,158534,49034],{},[1030,158536,158538],{"id":158537},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[47,158540,158542],{"className":49,"code":158541,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158543,158544,158568,158572,158590,158594,158604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158547,63],{"class":62},[56,158549,67],{"class":66},[56,158551,9324],{"class":70},[56,158553,444],{"class":74},[56,158555,78],{"class":70},[56,158557,449],{"class":74},[56,158559,78],{"class":70},[56,158561,454],{"class":74},[56,158563,78],{"class":70},[56,158565,459],{"class":74},[56,158567,238],{"class":70},[56,158569,158570],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158571,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158575,1156],{"class":62},[56,158577,67],{"class":66},[56,158579,850],{"class":62},[56,158581,251],{"class":70},[56,158583,75],{"class":74},[56,158585,141],{"class":70},[56,158587,901],{"class":74},[56,158589,89],{"class":70},[56,158591,158592],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,158593,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158595,158596,158598,158600,158602],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,158597,112],{"class":111},[56,158599,115],{"class":70},[56,158601,1190],{"class":101},[56,158603,238],{"class":70},[56,158605,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,158607,112],{"class":111},[56,158609,115],{"class":70},[56,158611,1546],{"class":1545},[56,158613,115],{"class":70},[56,158615,1190],{"class":101},[56,158617,1553],{"class":70},[20,158619,241],{},[47,158621,158623],{"className":49,"code":158622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158624,158625,158637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158626,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158628,115],{"class":70},[56,158630,15834],{"class":74},[56,158632,78],{"class":70},[56,158634,454],{"class":74},[56,158636,238],{"class":70},[56,158638,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158640,1635],{"class":66},[56,158642,1639],{"class":1638},[56,158644,263],{"class":180},[56,158646,49034],{"class":184},[56,158648,254],{"class":180},[56,158650,1649],{"class":66},[1030,158652,158654],{"id":158653},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[47,158656,158658],{"className":49,"code":158657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158659,158660,158680,158684,158702,158706,158716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158661,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158663,63],{"class":62},[56,158665,67],{"class":66},[56,158667,9324],{"class":70},[56,158669,444],{"class":74},[56,158671,78],{"class":70},[56,158673,449],{"class":74},[56,158675,78],{"class":70},[56,158677,454],{"class":74},[56,158679,238],{"class":70},[56,158681,158682],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158683,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158685,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158687,1156],{"class":62},[56,158689,67],{"class":66},[56,158691,850],{"class":62},[56,158693,251],{"class":70},[56,158695,75],{"class":74},[56,158697,141],{"class":70},[56,158699,1097],{"class":74},[56,158701,89],{"class":70},[56,158703,158704],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,158705,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158707,158708,158710,158712,158714],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,158709,112],{"class":111},[56,158711,115],{"class":70},[56,158713,1190],{"class":101},[56,158715,238],{"class":70},[56,158717,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,158719,112],{"class":111},[56,158721,115],{"class":70},[56,158723,1546],{"class":1545},[56,158725,115],{"class":70},[56,158727,1190],{"class":101},[56,158729,1553],{"class":70},[20,158731,241],{},[47,158733,158735],{"className":49,"code":158734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158736,158737,158745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158738,158739,158741,158743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158740,115],{"class":70},[56,158742,15834],{"class":74},[56,158744,149264],{"class":70},[56,158746,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158748,1635],{"class":66},[56,158750,1639],{"class":1638},[56,158752,263],{"class":180},[56,158754,49034],{"class":184},[56,158756,254],{"class":180},[56,158758,1649],{"class":66},[1030,158760,158762],{"id":158761},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[47,158764,158766],{"className":49,"code":158765,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158767,158768,158788,158792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158769,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158771,63],{"class":62},[56,158773,67],{"class":66},[56,158775,9324],{"class":70},[56,158777,444],{"class":74},[56,158779,78],{"class":70},[56,158781,449],{"class":74},[56,158783,78],{"class":70},[56,158785,454],{"class":74},[56,158787,238],{"class":70},[56,158789,158790],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158791,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158793,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158795,112],{"class":111},[56,158797,115],{"class":70},[56,158799,95],{"class":101},[56,158801,251],{"class":70},[56,158803,2235],{"class":74},[56,158805,141],{"class":70},[56,158807,2442],{"class":74},[56,158809,1607],{"class":70},[20,158811,241],{},[47,158813,158814],{"className":49,"code":105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,158815,158816],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158817,158818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158819,105],{"class":70},[20,158821,158822,158823,98],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[36,158824,156000],{"href":150887},[42,158826,158828],{"id":158827},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158830,158831],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[143,158833,158834,158836,158839,158844],{},[146,158835,76794],{},[146,158837,158838],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[146,158840,158841,158842],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158843,70805],{},[146,158845,158846],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158848,163],{},[47,158850,158852],{"className":49,"code":158851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158853,158854,158874,158878,158895,158916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158855,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158857,63],{"class":62},[56,158859,67],{"class":66},[56,158861,9324],{"class":70},[56,158863,444],{"class":74},[56,158865,78],{"class":70},[56,158867,449],{"class":74},[56,158869,78],{"class":70},[56,158871,454],{"class":74},[56,158873,238],{"class":70},[56,158875,158876],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158877,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158881,112],{"class":111},[56,158883,115],{"class":70},[56,158885,95],{"class":101},[56,158887,251],{"class":70},[56,158889,75],{"class":74},[56,158891,20526],{"class":70},[56,158893,158894],{"class":123},"    # one item\n",[56,158896,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,158898,112],{"class":111},[56,158900,115],{"class":70},[56,158902,95],{"class":101},[56,158904,251],{"class":70},[56,158906,75],{"class":74},[56,158908,141],{"class":70},[56,158910,2235],{"class":74},[56,158912,20526],{"class":70},[56,158914,158915],{"class":123},"  # slice\n",[56,158917,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,158919,112],{"class":111},[56,158921,115],{"class":70},[56,158923,95],{"class":101},[56,158925,251],{"class":70},[56,158927,2235],{"class":74},[56,158929,141],{"class":70},[56,158931,2442],{"class":74},[56,158933,20526],{"class":70},[56,158935,158936],{"class":123},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158938,241],{},[47,158940,158942],{"className":49,"code":158941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158943,158944,158948,158960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158945,158946],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158947,71298],{"class":74},[56,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158951,115],{"class":70},[56,158953,15834],{"class":74},[56,158955,78],{"class":70},[56,158957,454],{"class":74},[56,158959,238],{"class":70},[56,158961,158962],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158963,105],{"class":70},[20,158965,158966],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[47,158968,158970],{"className":49,"code":158969,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158971,158972,158992,158996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158973,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158975,63],{"class":62},[56,158977,67],{"class":66},[56,158979,9324],{"class":70},[56,158981,444],{"class":74},[56,158983,78],{"class":70},[56,158985,449],{"class":74},[56,158987,78],{"class":70},[56,158989,454],{"class":74},[56,158991,238],{"class":70},[56,158993,158994],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,158995,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,158997,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,158999,112],{"class":111},[56,159001,115],{"class":70},[56,159003,95],{"class":101},[56,159005,251],{"class":70},[56,159007,2235],{"class":74},[56,159009,1607],{"class":70},[20,159011,159012,159013,159015,159016,98],{},"This raises an ",[15,159014,70805],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[36,159017,154753],{"href":159018},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[42,159020,15256],{"id":77061},[20,159022,159023],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[143,159025,159026,159029,159031,159034],{},[146,159027,159028],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[146,159030,60768],{},[146,159032,159033],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[146,159035,159036,159037],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159038,2218],{},[20,159040,159041],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1030,159043,159045],{"id":159044},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[47,159047,159048],{"className":49,"code":157848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159049,159050,159078,159082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159051,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159053,63],{"class":62},[56,159055,67],{"class":66},[56,159057,9324],{"class":70},[56,159059,444],{"class":74},[56,159061,78],{"class":70},[56,159063,449],{"class":74},[56,159065,78],{"class":70},[56,159067,454],{"class":74},[56,159069,78],{"class":70},[56,159071,459],{"class":74},[56,159073,78],{"class":70},[56,159075,5168],{"class":74},[56,159077,238],{"class":70},[56,159079,159080],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159081,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159083,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159085,112],{"class":111},[56,159087,115],{"class":70},[56,159089,95],{"class":101},[56,159091,251],{"class":70},[56,159093,75],{"class":74},[56,159095,141],{"class":70},[56,159097,2602],{"class":74},[56,159099,1607],{"class":70},[20,159101,241],{},[47,159103,159104],{"className":49,"code":157905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159105,159106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159107,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159109,115],{"class":70},[56,159111,15834],{"class":74},[56,159113,78],{"class":70},[56,159115,454],{"class":74},[56,159117,78],{"class":70},[56,159119,459],{"class":74},[56,159121,238],{"class":70},[20,159123,132332,159124,159126],{},[15,159125,2602],{}," is not included.",[1030,159128,159130],{"id":159129},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159132,4613],{},[47,159134,159136],{"className":49,"code":159135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159137,159138,159162,159166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159139,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159141,63],{"class":62},[56,159143,67],{"class":66},[56,159145,9324],{"class":70},[56,159147,444],{"class":74},[56,159149,78],{"class":70},[56,159151,449],{"class":74},[56,159153,78],{"class":70},[56,159155,454],{"class":74},[56,159157,78],{"class":70},[56,159159,459],{"class":74},[56,159161,238],{"class":70},[56,159163,159164],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159165,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159167,159168],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159169,159170],{"class":123},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159172,159173],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[47,159175,159176],{"className":49,"code":154833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159177,159178,159202,159206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159179,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159181,63],{"class":62},[56,159183,67],{"class":66},[56,159185,9324],{"class":70},[56,159187,444],{"class":74},[56,159189,78],{"class":70},[56,159191,449],{"class":74},[56,159193,78],{"class":70},[56,159195,454],{"class":74},[56,159197,78],{"class":70},[56,159199,459],{"class":74},[56,159201,238],{"class":70},[56,159203,159204],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159205,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159207,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159209,112],{"class":111},[56,159211,115],{"class":70},[56,159213,95],{"class":101},[56,159215,251],{"class":70},[56,159217,75],{"class":74},[56,159219,141],{"class":70},[56,159221,901],{"class":74},[56,159223,1607],{"class":70},[1030,159225,159227],{"id":159226},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[47,159229,159231],{"className":49,"code":159230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159232,159233,159257,159261,159276,159280,159291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159234,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159236,63],{"class":62},[56,159238,67],{"class":66},[56,159240,9324],{"class":70},[56,159242,444],{"class":74},[56,159244,78],{"class":70},[56,159246,449],{"class":74},[56,159248,78],{"class":70},[56,159250,454],{"class":74},[56,159252,78],{"class":70},[56,159254,459],{"class":74},[56,159256,238],{"class":70},[56,159258,159259],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159260,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159262,159263,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159264,159265],{"class":62},"slice_result ",[56,159267,67],{"class":66},[56,159269,850],{"class":62},[56,159271,75454],{"class":70},[56,159273,1097],{"class":74},[56,159275,89],{"class":70},[56,159277,159278],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,159279,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159281,159282,159284,159286,159289],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,159283,112],{"class":111},[56,159285,115],{"class":70},[56,159287,159288],{"class":101},"slice_result",[56,159290,238],{"class":70},[56,159292,159293,159295,159297,159299],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,159294,112],{"class":111},[56,159296,115],{"class":70},[56,159298,95],{"class":101},[56,159300,238],{"class":70},[20,159302,241],{},[47,159304,159306],{"className":49,"code":159305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159307,159308,159320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159309,159310,159312,159314,159316,159318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159311,115],{"class":70},[56,159313,444],{"class":74},[56,159315,78],{"class":70},[56,159317,449],{"class":74},[56,159319,238],{"class":70},[56,159321,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159323,115],{"class":70},[56,159325,444],{"class":74},[56,159327,78],{"class":70},[56,159329,449],{"class":74},[56,159331,78],{"class":70},[56,159333,454],{"class":74},[56,159335,78],{"class":70},[56,159337,459],{"class":74},[56,159339,238],{"class":70},[20,159341,159342],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[42,159344,113646],{"id":113645},[20,159346,159347],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[143,159349,159350,159353,159356,159362,159365],{},[146,159351,159352],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[146,159354,159355],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[146,159357,159358,159359],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159360,159361],{},"tuple[::0]",[146,159363,159364],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[146,159366,159367],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159369,159370],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[47,159372,159374],{"className":49,"code":159373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159375,159376,159386,159404,159426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159377,159378,159380,159382,159384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159379,112],{"class":111},[56,159381,115],{"class":70},[56,159383,147926],{"class":101},[56,159385,238],{"class":70},[56,159387,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159389,112],{"class":111},[56,159391,115],{"class":70},[56,159393,147926],{"class":101},[56,159395,251],{"class":70},[56,159397,75],{"class":74},[56,159399,141],{"class":70},[56,159401,2602],{"class":74},[56,159403,1607],{"class":70},[56,159405,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159407,112],{"class":111},[56,159409,115],{"class":70},[56,159411,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159413,115],{"class":70},[56,159415,147926],{"class":101},[56,159417,251],{"class":70},[56,159419,75],{"class":74},[56,159421,141],{"class":70},[56,159423,2602],{"class":74},[56,159425,3097],{"class":70},[56,159427,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,159429,112],{"class":111},[56,159431,115],{"class":70},[56,159433,11250],{"class":111},[56,159435,115],{"class":70},[56,159437,147926],{"class":101},[56,159439,1553],{"class":70},[20,159441,11259],{},[143,159443,159444,159446,159449,159452],{},[146,159445,155140],{},[146,159447,159448],{},"what the slice actually returns",[146,159450,159451],{},"that the result is a tuple",[146,159453,159454],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[42,159456,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,159458,159460],{"id":159459},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159462,159463],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1030,159465,159467],{"id":159466},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159469,159470],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1030,159472,5230,159474,40040],{"id":159473},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159475,158293],{},[20,159477,159478],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1030,159480,159482,159483,1911],{"id":159481},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159484,70805],{},[20,159486,159487,159488,98],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159489,70805],{},[42,159491,1996],{"id":1995},[143,159493,159494,159498,159502,159506,159510],{},[146,159495,159496],{},[36,159497,156000],{"href":150887},[146,159499,159500],{},[36,159501,149581],{"href":153007},[146,159503,159504],{},[36,159505,150830],{"href":157164},[146,159507,159508],{},[36,159509,147908],{"href":157526},[146,159511,159512],{},[36,159513,154753],{"href":159018},[2028,159515,159516],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":159518},[159519,159520,159521,159522,159530,159534,159535,159540,159541,159546,159547,159555],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":157326,"depth":92,"text":157327},{"id":157529,"depth":92,"text":157530},{"id":75934,"depth":92,"text":75935,"children":159523},[159524,159526,159527,159528,159529],{"id":157687,"depth":108,"text":159525},"Get the first n items",{"id":157766,"depth":108,"text":157767},{"id":157844,"depth":108,"text":157845},{"id":157926,"depth":108,"text":157927},{"id":158008,"depth":108,"text":158009},{"id":76228,"depth":92,"text":76229,"children":159531},[159532,159533],{"id":158103,"depth":108,"text":158104},{"id":158187,"depth":108,"text":158188},{"id":158276,"depth":92,"text":158277},{"id":158528,"depth":92,"text":158529,"children":159536},[159537,159538,159539],{"id":158537,"depth":108,"text":158538},{"id":158653,"depth":108,"text":158654},{"id":158761,"depth":108,"text":158762},{"id":158827,"depth":92,"text":158828},{"id":77061,"depth":92,"text":15256,"children":159542},[159543,159544,159545],{"id":159044,"depth":108,"text":159045},{"id":159129,"depth":108,"text":159130},{"id":159226,"depth":108,"text":159227},{"id":113645,"depth":92,"text":113646},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":159548},[159549,159550,159551,159553],{"id":159459,"depth":108,"text":159460},{"id":159466,"depth":108,"text":159467},{"id":159473,"depth":108,"text":159552},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159481,"depth":108,"text":159554},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157170,"description":159556},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159563,"title":159564,"body":159565,"description":161388,"extension":2062,"meta":161389,"navigation":600,"path":34888,"seo":161390,"stem":161391,"__hash__":161392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159566,"toc":161354},[159567,159572,159577,159581,159599,159602,159617,159623,159625,159682,159684,159716,159728,159734,159739,159742,159777,159783,159785,159788,159802,159805,159807,159830,159832,159850,159853,159869,159871,159874,159987,159989,160078,160081,160086,160092,160095,160098,160197,160199,160258,160263,160266,160335,160339,160371,160387,160392,160399,160406,160418,160420,160469,160471,160494,160500,160548,160553,160560,160568,160574,160577,160601,160604,160606,160682,160684,160709,160715,160718,160723,160727,160741,160743,160806,160808,160840,160843,160859,160861,160867,160874,160876,160895,160897,160915,160922,160927,160934,160936,160973,160976,160983,160987,160990,161048,161051,161054,161109,161111,161123,161129,161131,161135,161168,161175,161177,161240,161243,161245,161250,161264,161271,161279,161288,161297,161303,161309,161311,161351],[10,159568,2009,159570,3673],{"id":159569},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159571,2399],{},[20,159573,32400,159574,159576],{},[15,159575,2399],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159578,62841,159579,104490],{},[15,159580,2399],{},[143,159582,159583,159586,159589,159592],{},[146,159584,159585],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[146,159587,159588],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[146,159590,159591],{},"debug confusing code",[146,159593,159594,159595],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[36,159596,159597],{"href":8310},[15,159598,3056],{},[20,159600,159601],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[47,159603,159605],{"className":49,"code":159604,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(object)\n",[15,159606,159607],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159608,159609,159611,159613,159615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159610,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159612,115],{"class":70},[56,159614,42478],{"class":1545},[56,159616,238],{"class":70},[20,159618,159619,159620,159622],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159621,2399],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[42,159624,45],{"id":44},[47,159626,159628],{"className":49,"code":159627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159629,159630,159642,159656,159660,159668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159631,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159633,7967],{"class":62},[56,159635,67],{"class":66},[56,159637,191],{"class":180},[56,159639,5091],{"class":184},[56,159641,1476],{"class":180},[56,159643,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159645,112],{"class":111},[56,159647,115],{"class":70},[56,159649,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159651,115],{"class":70},[56,159653,7759],{"class":101},[56,159655,1553],{"class":70},[56,159657,159658],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159659,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,159661,159662,159664,159666],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,159663,2315],{"class":62},[56,159665,67],{"class":66},[56,159667,2685],{"class":74},[56,159669,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,159671,112],{"class":111},[56,159673,115],{"class":70},[56,159675,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159677,115],{"class":70},[56,159679,2337],{"class":101},[56,159681,1553],{"class":70},[20,159683,241],{},[47,159685,159686],{"className":49,"code":124993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159687,159688,159702],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159689,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159691,1635],{"class":66},[56,159693,1639],{"class":1638},[56,159695,263],{"class":180},[56,159697,3538],{"class":184},[56,159699,254],{"class":180},[56,159701,1649],{"class":66},[56,159703,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159705,1635],{"class":66},[56,159707,1639],{"class":1638},[56,159709,263],{"class":180},[56,159711,2286],{"class":184},[56,159713,254],{"class":180},[56,159715,1649],{"class":66},[20,159717,650,159718,159721,159722,4480,159725,98],{},[15,159719,159720],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159723,159724],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159726,159727],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[42,159729,13077,159731,159733],{"id":159730},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159732,2399],{}," function does",[20,159735,159736,159738],{},[15,159737,2399],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159740,159741],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[143,159743,159744,159749,159754,159759,159764,159769],{},[146,159745,159746,159748],{},[15,159747,3538],{}," for text",[146,159750,159751,159753],{},[15,159752,2286],{}," for whole numbers",[146,159755,159756,159758],{},[15,159757,2290],{}," for decimal numbers",[146,159760,159761,159763],{},[15,159762,1644],{}," for lists",[146,159765,159766,159768],{},[15,159767,8908],{}," for dictionaries",[146,159770,159771,69169,159773,4480,159775],{},[15,159772,3956],{},[15,159774,3698],{},[15,159776,3764],{},[20,159778,159779,159780,159782],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159781,2399],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[42,159784,289],{"id":288},[20,159786,159787],{},"The main beginner form is:",[47,159789,159790],{"className":49,"code":159604,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159791,159792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159793,159794,159796,159798,159800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159795,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159797,115],{"class":70},[56,159799,42478],{"class":1545},[56,159801,238],{"class":70},[20,159803,159804],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159806,163],{},[47,159808,159810],{"className":49,"code":159809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159811,159812],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159815,112],{"class":111},[56,159817,115],{"class":70},[56,159819,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159821,115],{"class":70},[56,159823,181],{"class":180},[56,159825,1473],{"class":184},[56,159827,181],{"class":180},[56,159829,1553],{"class":70},[20,159831,241],{},[47,159833,159834],{"className":49,"code":45851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,159835,159836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159839,1635],{"class":66},[56,159841,1639],{"class":1638},[56,159843,263],{"class":180},[56,159845,3538],{"class":184},[56,159847,254],{"class":180},[56,159849,1649],{"class":66},[20,159851,159852],{},"You can pass either:",[143,159854,159855,159862],{},[146,159856,159857,159858,2976,159860],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159859,64608],{},[15,159861,46606],{},[146,159863,159864,159865,2976,159867],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159866,7759],{},[15,159868,9387],{},[42,159870,121805],{"id":121804},[20,159872,159873],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[47,159875,159877],{"className":49,"code":159876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159878,159879,159897,159911,159925,159947,159973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159880,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159882,112],{"class":111},[56,159884,115],{"class":70},[56,159886,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159888,115],{"class":70},[56,159890,181],{"class":180},[56,159892,1473],{"class":184},[56,159894,181],{"class":180},[56,159896,1553],{"class":70},[56,159898,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,159900,112],{"class":111},[56,159902,115],{"class":70},[56,159904,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159906,115],{"class":70},[56,159908,444],{"class":74},[56,159910,1553],{"class":70},[56,159912,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,159914,112],{"class":111},[56,159916,115],{"class":70},[56,159918,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159920,115],{"class":70},[56,159922,40223],{"class":74},[56,159924,1553],{"class":70},[56,159926,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,159928,112],{"class":111},[56,159930,115],{"class":70},[56,159932,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159934,3084],{"class":70},[56,159936,75],{"class":74},[56,159938,78],{"class":70},[56,159940,81],{"class":74},[56,159942,78],{"class":70},[56,159944,86],{"class":74},[56,159946,3097],{"class":70},[56,159948,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,159950,112],{"class":111},[56,159952,115],{"class":70},[56,159954,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159956,5619],{"class":70},[56,159958,181],{"class":180},[56,159960,7759],{"class":184},[56,159962,181],{"class":180},[56,159964,141],{"class":70},[56,159966,191],{"class":180},[56,159968,5091],{"class":184},[56,159970,181],{"class":180},[56,159972,5628],{"class":70},[56,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,159976,112],{"class":111},[56,159978,115],{"class":70},[56,159980,1546],{"class":1545},[56,159982,115],{"class":70},[56,159984,3698],{"class":893},[56,159986,1553],{"class":70},[20,159988,241],{},[47,159990,159992],{"className":49,"code":159991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159993,159994,160008,160022,160036,160050,160064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159995,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159997,1635],{"class":66},[56,159999,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160001,263],{"class":180},[56,160003,3538],{"class":184},[56,160005,254],{"class":180},[56,160007,1649],{"class":66},[56,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160011,1635],{"class":66},[56,160013,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160015,263],{"class":180},[56,160017,2286],{"class":184},[56,160019,254],{"class":180},[56,160021,1649],{"class":66},[56,160023,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160025,1635],{"class":66},[56,160027,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160029,263],{"class":180},[56,160031,2290],{"class":184},[56,160033,254],{"class":180},[56,160035,1649],{"class":66},[56,160037,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160039,1635],{"class":66},[56,160041,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160043,263],{"class":180},[56,160045,1644],{"class":184},[56,160047,254],{"class":180},[56,160049,1649],{"class":66},[56,160051,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,160053,1635],{"class":66},[56,160055,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160057,263],{"class":180},[56,160059,8908],{"class":184},[56,160061,254],{"class":180},[56,160063,1649],{"class":66},[56,160065,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,160067,1635],{"class":66},[56,160069,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160071,263],{"class":180},[56,160073,3956],{"class":184},[56,160075,254],{"class":180},[56,160077,1649],{"class":66},[20,160079,160080],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160082,160083,160084,98],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[36,160085,44878],{"href":49059},[42,160087,1441,160089,160091],{"id":160088},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160090,2399],{}," with variables",[20,160093,160094],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160096,160097],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[47,160099,160101],{"className":49,"code":160100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160102,160103,160111,160129,160133,160145,160163,160167,160179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160104,160105,160107,160109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160106,2544],{"class":62},[56,160108,67],{"class":66},[56,160110,2685],{"class":74},[56,160112,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160114,112],{"class":111},[56,160116,115],{"class":70},[56,160118,2570],{"class":101},[56,160120,78],{"class":70},[56,160122,49471],{"class":1545},[56,160124,115],{"class":70},[56,160126,2570],{"class":101},[56,160128,1553],{"class":70},[56,160130,160131],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160132,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160134,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160136,2544],{"class":62},[56,160138,67],{"class":66},[56,160140,191],{"class":180},[56,160142,45988],{"class":184},[56,160144,1476],{"class":180},[56,160146,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,160148,112],{"class":111},[56,160150,115],{"class":70},[56,160152,2570],{"class":101},[56,160154,78],{"class":70},[56,160156,49471],{"class":1545},[56,160158,115],{"class":70},[56,160160,2570],{"class":101},[56,160162,1553],{"class":70},[56,160164,160165],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,160166,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160168,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,160170,2544],{"class":62},[56,160172,67],{"class":66},[56,160174,71],{"class":70},[56,160176,444],{"class":74},[56,160178,89],{"class":70},[56,160180,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189,160191,160193,160195],{"class":58,"line":1587},[56,160182,112],{"class":111},[56,160184,115],{"class":70},[56,160186,2570],{"class":101},[56,160188,78],{"class":70},[56,160190,49471],{"class":1545},[56,160192,115],{"class":70},[56,160194,2570],{"class":101},[56,160196,1553],{"class":70},[20,160198,241],{},[47,160200,160202],{"className":49,"code":160201,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160203,160204,160221,160238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160205,160206,160208,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160207,444],{"class":74},[56,160209,160210],{"class":66}," \u003C",[56,160212,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160214,263],{"class":180},[56,160216,2286],{"class":184},[56,160218,254],{"class":180},[56,160220,1649],{"class":66},[56,160222,160223,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160224,160225],{"class":62},"ten ",[56,160227,1635],{"class":66},[56,160229,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160231,263],{"class":180},[56,160233,3538],{"class":184},[56,160235,254],{"class":180},[56,160237,1649],{"class":66},[56,160239,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160241,251],{"class":70},[56,160243,444],{"class":74},[56,160245,13351],{"class":70},[56,160247,160210],{"class":66},[56,160249,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160251,263],{"class":180},[56,160253,1644],{"class":184},[56,160255,254],{"class":180},[56,160257,1649],{"class":66},[20,160259,160260,160262],{},[15,160261,2399],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160264,160265],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[47,160267,160269],{"className":49,"code":160268,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160270,160271,160289,160303,160307,160321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160272,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160274,3486],{"class":62},[56,160276,67],{"class":66},[56,160278,8333],{"class":111},[56,160280,115],{"class":70},[56,160282,181],{"class":180},[56,160284,41951],{"class":184},[56,160286,181],{"class":180},[56,160288,238],{"class":70},[56,160290,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160292,112],{"class":111},[56,160294,115],{"class":70},[56,160296,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160298,115],{"class":70},[56,160300,3512],{"class":101},[56,160302,1553],{"class":70},[56,160304,160305],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160306,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160308,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160310,122917],{"class":62},[56,160312,67],{"class":66},[56,160314,45357],{"class":1545},[56,160316,115],{"class":70},[56,160318,3512],{"class":101},[56,160320,238],{"class":70},[56,160322,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,160324,112],{"class":111},[56,160326,115],{"class":70},[56,160328,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160330,115],{"class":70},[56,160332,122940],{"class":101},[56,160334,1553],{"class":70},[20,160336,41200,160337,41204],{},[15,160338,9281],{},[47,160340,160341],{"className":49,"code":124993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160342,160343,160357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160344,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160346,1635],{"class":66},[56,160348,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160350,263],{"class":180},[56,160352,3538],{"class":184},[56,160354,254],{"class":180},[56,160356,1649],{"class":66},[56,160358,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160360,1635],{"class":66},[56,160362,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160364,263],{"class":180},[56,160366,2286],{"class":184},[56,160368,254],{"class":180},[56,160370,1649],{"class":66},[20,160372,45784,160373,160377,160378,2976,160382,160386],{},[36,160374,160375],{"href":8310},[15,160376,3056],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[36,160379,160380],{"href":2972},[15,160381,2975],{},[36,160383,160384],{"href":2979},[15,160385,2982],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160388,160389,160390,98],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[36,160391,9068],{"href":9067},[42,160393,160395,1021,160397],{"id":160394},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160396,2399],{},[15,160398,44886],{},[20,160400,160401,4480,160403,160405],{},[15,160402,2399],{},[15,160404,44886],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[143,160407,160408,160413],{},[146,160409,160410,160412],{},[15,160411,2399],{}," tells you the exact type",[146,160414,160415,160417],{},[15,160416,44886],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160419,163],{},[47,160421,160423],{"className":49,"code":160422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160424,160425,160433,160437,160451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160426,160427,160429,160431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160428,2544],{"class":62},[56,160430,67],{"class":66},[56,160432,34922],{"class":74},[56,160434,160435],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160436,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160438,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447,160449],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160440,112],{"class":111},[56,160442,115],{"class":70},[56,160444,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160446,115],{"class":70},[56,160448,2570],{"class":101},[56,160450,1553],{"class":70},[56,160452,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160454,112],{"class":111},[56,160456,115],{"class":70},[56,160458,48956],{"class":111},[56,160460,115],{"class":70},[56,160462,2570],{"class":101},[56,160464,78],{"class":70},[56,160466,45357],{"class":1545},[56,160468,1553],{"class":70},[20,160470,241],{},[47,160472,160474],{"className":49,"code":160473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160475,160476,160490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160477,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160479,1635],{"class":66},[56,160481,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160483,263],{"class":180},[56,160485,2286],{"class":184},[56,160487,254],{"class":180},[56,160489,1649],{"class":66},[56,160491,160492],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160493,4068],{"class":893},[20,160495,160496,160497,160499],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160498,44886],{}," is more practical.",[47,160501,160503],{"className":49,"code":160502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160504,160505,160513,160517,160533],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160506,160507,160509,160511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160508,2544],{"class":62},[56,160510,67],{"class":66},[56,160512,34922],{"class":74},[56,160514,160515],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160516,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160518,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160520,7087],{"class":3965},[56,160522,49694],{"class":111},[56,160524,115],{"class":70},[56,160526,2570],{"class":101},[56,160528,78],{"class":70},[56,160530,45357],{"class":1545},[56,160532,8431],{"class":70},[56,160534,160535,160537,160539,160541,160544,160546],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160536,8160],{"class":111},[56,160538,115],{"class":70},[56,160540,181],{"class":180},[56,160542,160543],{"class":184},"This is an integer",[56,160545,181],{"class":180},[56,160547,238],{"class":70},[20,160549,650,160550,160552],{},[15,160551,2399],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160554,650,160555,160557,160558,7262],{},[15,160556,44886],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160559,7087],{},[20,160561,160562,160563,98],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[36,160564,2009,160566,2012],{"href":160565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160567,44886],{},[42,160569,160571,160572],{"id":160570},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160573,2399],{},[20,160575,160576],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[47,160578,160580],{"className":49,"code":160579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160581,160582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160583,160584,160586,160588,160590,160592,160595,160597,160599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160585,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160587,115],{"class":70},[56,160589,7759],{"class":101},[56,160591,78],{"class":70},[56,160593,160594],{"class":101}," bases",[56,160596,78],{"class":70},[56,160598,9258],{"class":1545},[56,160600,238],{"class":70},[20,160602,160603],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160605,163],{},[47,160607,160609],{"className":49,"code":160608,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160610,160611,160654,160658,160668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160612,160613,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624,160627,160629,160631,160634,160636,160638,160641,160643,160645,160647,160650,160652],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160614,160615],{"class":62},"Person ",[56,160617,67],{"class":66},[56,160619,49471],{"class":1545},[56,160621,115],{"class":70},[56,160623,181],{"class":180},[56,160625,160626],{"class":184},"Person",[56,160628,181],{"class":180},[56,160630,78],{"class":70},[56,160632,160633],{"class":70}," (),",[56,160635,10579],{"class":70},[56,160637,181],{"class":180},[56,160639,160640],{"class":184},"species",[56,160642,181],{"class":180},[56,160644,141],{"class":70},[56,160646,191],{"class":180},[56,160648,160649],{"class":184},"human",[56,160651,181],{"class":180},[56,160653,30578],{"class":70},[56,160655,160656],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160657,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160659,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160661,112],{"class":111},[56,160663,115],{"class":70},[56,160665,160626],{"class":101},[56,160667,238],{"class":70},[56,160669,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160671,112],{"class":111},[56,160673,115],{"class":70},[56,160675,160626],{"class":101},[56,160677,98],{"class":70},[56,160679,160640],{"class":24831},[56,160681,238],{"class":70},[20,160683,241],{},[47,160685,160687],{"className":49,"code":160686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160688,160689,160704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160700,160702],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160692,1635],{"class":66},[56,160694,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160696,263],{"class":180},[56,160698,160699],{"class":184},"__main__.Person",[56,160701,254],{"class":180},[56,160703,1649],{"class":66},[56,160705,160706],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160707,160708],{"class":62},"human\n",[20,160710,160711,160712,160714],{},"Most beginners do ",[540,160713,931],{}," need this form.",[20,160716,160717],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[42,160719,1389,160721],{"id":160720},"when-to-use-type",[15,160722,2399],{},[20,160724,160725,12528],{},[15,160726,2399],{},[143,160728,160729,160732,160735,160738],{},[146,160730,160731],{},"debug unexpected values",[146,160733,160734],{},"check what a conversion produced",[146,160736,160737],{},"learn Python data types",[146,160739,160740],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160742,5562],{},[47,160744,160746],{"className":49,"code":160745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160747,160748,160760,160774,160778,160792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160749,160750,160752,160754,160756,160758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160751,1466],{"class":62},[56,160753,67],{"class":66},[56,160755,191],{"class":180},[56,160757,50327],{"class":184},[56,160759,1476],{"class":180},[56,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160763,2315],{"class":62},[56,160765,67],{"class":66},[56,160767,45357],{"class":1545},[56,160769,115],{"class":70},[56,160771,1481],{"class":101},[56,160773,238],{"class":70},[56,160775,160776],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,160777,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,160779,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,160781,112],{"class":111},[56,160783,115],{"class":70},[56,160785,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160787,115],{"class":70},[56,160789,1481],{"class":101},[56,160791,1553],{"class":70},[56,160793,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,160795,112],{"class":111},[56,160797,115],{"class":70},[56,160799,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160801,115],{"class":70},[56,160803,2337],{"class":101},[56,160805,1553],{"class":70},[20,160807,241],{},[47,160809,160810],{"className":49,"code":124993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160811,160812,160826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160813,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160815,1635],{"class":66},[56,160817,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160819,263],{"class":180},[56,160821,3538],{"class":184},[56,160823,254],{"class":180},[56,160825,1649],{"class":66},[56,160827,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160829,1635],{"class":66},[56,160831,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160833,263],{"class":180},[56,160835,2286],{"class":184},[56,160837,254],{"class":180},[56,160839,1649],{"class":66},[20,160841,160842],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160844,160845,160846,2287,160850,17153,160854,160858],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[36,160847,160848],{"href":42254},[15,160849,47764],{},[36,160851,160852],{"href":2972},[15,160853,2975],{},[36,160855,160856],{"href":2979},[15,160857,2982],{}," are often the next step.",[42,160860,25439],{"id":25438},[20,160862,160863,160864,160866],{},"A few things about ",[15,160865,2399],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1030,160868,160870,160873],{"id":160869},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160871,160872],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160875,64717],{},[47,160877,160879],{"className":49,"code":160878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160880,160881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160882,160883,160885,160887,160889,160891,160893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160884,112],{"class":111},[56,160886,115],{"class":70},[56,160888,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160890,115],{"class":70},[56,160892,2235],{"class":74},[56,160894,1553],{"class":70},[20,160896,122836],{},[47,160898,160899],{"className":49,"code":156348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,160900,160901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160902,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160904,1635],{"class":66},[56,160906,1639],{"class":1638},[56,160908,263],{"class":180},[56,160910,2286],{"class":184},[56,160912,254],{"class":180},[56,160914,1649],{"class":66},[20,160916,928,160917,160919,160920,98],{},[540,160918,931],{}," print just ",[15,160921,2286],{},[20,160923,6766,160924,160926],{},[15,160925,2399],{}," returns a class object.",[1030,160928,160930,2494,160932],{"id":160929},"input-returns-str",[15,160931,3056],{},[15,160933,3538],{},[20,160935,79461],{},[47,160937,160939],{"className":49,"code":160938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160940,160941,160959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160942,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955,160957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160944,2544],{"class":62},[56,160946,67],{"class":66},[56,160948,8333],{"class":111},[56,160950,115],{"class":70},[56,160952,181],{"class":180},[56,160954,46391],{"class":184},[56,160956,181],{"class":180},[56,160958,238],{"class":70},[56,160960,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,160962,112],{"class":111},[56,160964,115],{"class":70},[56,160966,1546],{"class":1545},[56,160968,115],{"class":70},[56,160970,2570],{"class":101},[56,160972,1553],{"class":70},[20,160974,160975],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160977,160978,160979,2976,160981,98],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160980,2975],{},[15,160982,2982],{},[1030,160984,160986],{"id":160985},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160988,160989],{},"Avoid code like this:",[47,160991,160993],{"className":49,"code":160992,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160994,160995,161003,161007,161033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160996,160997,160999,161001],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160998,2544],{"class":62},[56,161000,67],{"class":66},[56,161002,34922],{"class":74},[56,161004,161005],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161006,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,161008,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161010,7087],{"class":3965},[56,161012,48985],{"class":1545},[56,161014,115],{"class":70},[56,161016,1546],{"class":1545},[56,161018,115],{"class":70},[56,161020,2570],{"class":101},[56,161022,5451],{"class":70},[56,161024,6499],{"class":66},[56,161026,191],{"class":180},[56,161028,159727],{"class":184},[56,161030,181],{"class":180},[56,161032,6484],{"class":70},[56,161034,161035,161037,161039,161041,161044,161046],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161036,8160],{"class":111},[56,161038,115],{"class":70},[56,161040,181],{"class":180},[56,161042,161043],{"class":184},"It is an int",[56,161045,181],{"class":180},[56,161047,238],{"class":70},[20,161049,161050],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161052,161053],{},"Better options:",[47,161055,161057],{"className":49,"code":161056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161058,161059,161067,161071,161091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161060,161061,161063,161065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161062,2544],{"class":62},[56,161064,67],{"class":66},[56,161066,34922],{"class":74},[56,161068,161069],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161070,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,161072,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161074,112],{"class":111},[56,161076,115],{"class":70},[56,161078,1546],{"class":1545},[56,161080,115],{"class":70},[56,161082,2570],{"class":101},[56,161084,120],{"class":70},[56,161086,6499],{"class":66},[56,161088,45357],{"class":1545},[56,161090,238],{"class":70},[56,161092,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161094,112],{"class":111},[56,161096,115],{"class":70},[56,161098,48956],{"class":111},[56,161100,115],{"class":70},[56,161102,2570],{"class":101},[56,161104,78],{"class":70},[56,161106,45357],{"class":1545},[56,161108,1553],{"class":70},[20,161110,241],{},[47,161112,161113],{"className":49,"code":4592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,161114,161115,161119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161116,161117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161118,4068],{"class":893},[56,161120,161121],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161122,4068],{"class":893},[20,161124,161125,161126,161128],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161127,44886],{}," is the more useful check.",[42,161130,1418],{"id":1417},[20,161132,14812,161133,141],{},[15,161134,2399],{},[143,161136,161137,161147,161156,161165],{},[146,161138,1441,161139,161141,161142,161146],{},[15,161140,2399],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[36,161143,161144],{"href":8310},[15,161145,3056],{}," always returns a string",[146,161148,1435,161149,161151,161152,11180,161154],{},[15,161150,2399],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161153,2286],{},[15,161155,159727],{},[146,161157,1441,161158,44710,161161,161164],{},[15,161159,161160],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161162,161163],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[146,161166,161167],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161169,161170,161171,98],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[36,161172,161174],{"href":161173},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161176,144502],{},[47,161178,161180],{"className":49,"code":161179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161181,161182,161196,161206,161220,161230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161183,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161185,112],{"class":111},[56,161187,115],{"class":70},[56,161189,1546],{"class":1545},[56,161191,115],{"class":70},[56,161193,2570],{"class":101},[56,161195,1553],{"class":70},[56,161197,161198,161200,161202,161204],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161199,112],{"class":111},[56,161201,115],{"class":70},[56,161203,2570],{"class":101},[56,161205,238],{"class":70},[56,161207,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161209,112],{"class":111},[56,161211,115],{"class":70},[56,161213,41859],{"class":111},[56,161215,115],{"class":70},[56,161217,2570],{"class":101},[56,161219,1553],{"class":70},[56,161221,161222,161224,161226,161228],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161223,32235],{"class":111},[56,161225,115],{"class":70},[56,161227,1546],{"class":1545},[56,161229,238],{"class":70},[56,161231,161232,161234,161236,161238],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,161233,34453],{"class":111},[56,161235,115],{"class":70},[56,161237,2570],{"class":101},[56,161239,238],{"class":70},[20,161241,161242],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[42,161244,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,161246,5230,161248,5233],{"id":161247},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161249,2399],{},[20,161251,161252,161253,2287,161255,2287,161257,2291,161259,161261,161262,98],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161254,3538],{},[15,161256,2286],{},[15,161258,1644],{},[15,161260,8908],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161263,159724],{},[1030,161265,14982,161267,57280,161269,1911],{"id":161266},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161268,2399],{},[15,161270,44886],{},[20,161272,1931,161273,161275,161276,161278],{},[15,161274,2399],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161277,44886],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1030,161280,5246,161282,161285,161286,1911],{"id":161281},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161283,161284],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161287,3538],{},[20,161289,29142,161290,161292,161293,2976,161295,160386],{},[15,161291,3056],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161294,2975],{},[15,161296,2982],{},[1030,161298,5258,161300,161302],{"id":161299},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161301,2399],{}," create classes?",[20,161304,161305,161306,98],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161307,161308],{},"type(object)",[42,161310,1996],{"id":1995},[143,161312,161313,161317,161323,161329,161333,161339,161345],{},[146,161314,161315],{},[36,161316,44878],{"href":49059},[146,161318,161319],{},[36,161320,2009,161321,2012],{"href":160565},[15,161322,44886],{},[146,161324,161325],{},[36,161326,2009,161327,2012],{"href":8310},[15,161328,3056],{},[146,161330,161331],{},[36,161332,9145],{"href":9067},[146,161334,161335],{},[36,161336,2009,161337,2012],{"href":2972},[15,161338,2975],{},[146,161340,161341],{},[36,161342,2009,161343,2012],{"href":2979},[15,161344,2982],{},[146,161346,161347],{},[36,161348,2009,161349,2012],{"href":42254},[15,161350,47764],{},[2028,161352,161353],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":161355},[161356,161357,161359,161360,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161376,161377,161387],{"id":44,"depth":92,"text":45},{"id":159730,"depth":92,"text":161358},"What the type() function does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":121804,"depth":92,"text":121805},{"id":160088,"depth":92,"text":161362},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160394,"depth":92,"text":161364},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160570,"depth":92,"text":161366},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160720,"depth":92,"text":161368},"When to use type()",{"id":25438,"depth":92,"text":25439,"children":161370},[161371,161373,161375],{"id":160869,"depth":108,"text":161372},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160929,"depth":108,"text":161374},"input() returns str",{"id":160985,"depth":108,"text":160986},{"id":1417,"depth":92,"text":1418},{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":161378},[161379,161381,161383,161385],{"id":161247,"depth":108,"text":161380},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161266,"depth":108,"text":161382},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161281,"depth":108,"text":161384},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161299,"depth":108,"text":161386},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159564,"description":161388},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161394,"title":161395,"body":161396,"description":163875,"extension":2062,"meta":163876,"navigation":600,"path":163877,"seo":163878,"stem":163879,"__hash__":163880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161397,"toc":163832},[161398,161403,161408,161417,161419,161519,161521,161546,161551,161556,161572,161575,161577,161579,161604,161607,161610,161693,161695,161744,161747,161869,161871,161944,161948,161951,162065,162067,162093,162095,162116,162121,162125,162130,162133,162237,162239,162256,162265,162268,162355,162357,162368,162373,162379,162384,162390,162393,162486,162488,162537,162543,162546,162647,162649,162702,162707,162711,162714,162813,162815,162854,162857,162862,162864,162869,162873,162986,162990,163087,163091,163179,163181,163198,163202,163325,163331,163337,163343,163348,163351,163378,163382,163384,163478,163481,163485,163488,163575,163578,163613,163615,163652,163655,163663,163668,163673,163747,163754,163756,163761,163764,163770,163773,163779,163784,163790,163795,163799,163802,163804,163829],[10,161399,2009,161401,3673],{"id":161400},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161402,64393],{},[20,161404,161405,161407],{},[15,161406,64393],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161409,161410,161411,161413,161414,161416],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161412,64393],{}," inside a ",[15,161415,6048],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[42,161418,2104],{"id":2103},[47,161420,161422],{"className":49,"code":161421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161423,161424,161456,161476,161480,161505],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161425,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161427,5082],{"class":62},[56,161429,67],{"class":66},[56,161431,71],{"class":70},[56,161433,181],{"class":180},[56,161435,12961],{"class":184},[56,161437,181],{"class":180},[56,161439,78],{"class":70},[56,161441,191],{"class":180},[56,161443,36022],{"class":184},[56,161445,181],{"class":180},[56,161447,78],{"class":70},[56,161449,191],{"class":180},[56,161451,36031],{"class":184},[56,161453,181],{"class":180},[56,161455,89],{"class":70},[56,161457,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161459,5151],{"class":62},[56,161461,67],{"class":66},[56,161463,71],{"class":70},[56,161465,13580],{"class":74},[56,161467,78],{"class":70},[56,161469,13585],{"class":74},[56,161471,78],{"class":70},[56,161473,29001],{"class":74},[56,161475,89],{"class":70},[56,161477,161478],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161479,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,161481,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161483,6048],{"class":3965},[56,161485,36073],{"class":62},[56,161487,78],{"class":70},[56,161489,5193],{"class":62},[56,161491,3972],{"class":3965},[56,161493,161494],{"class":111}," zip",[56,161496,115],{"class":70},[56,161498,5126],{"class":101},[56,161500,78],{"class":70},[56,161502,5198],{"class":101},[56,161504,8431],{"class":70},[56,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,161508,8160],{"class":111},[56,161510,115],{"class":70},[56,161512,7759],{"class":101},[56,161514,78],{"class":70},[56,161516,130782],{"class":101},[56,161518,238],{"class":70},[20,161520,241],{},[47,161522,161524],{"className":49,"code":161523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161525,161526,161532,161539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161527,161528,161530],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161529,133801],{"class":62},[56,161531,33219],{"class":74},[56,161533,161534,161537],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161535,161536],{"class":62},"Ben ",[56,161538,33224],{"class":74},[56,161540,161541,161544],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161542,161543],{"class":62},"Cara ",[56,161545,33229],{"class":74},[20,161547,650,161548,161550],{},[15,161549,64393],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[42,161552,133,161554,136],{"id":161553},"what-zip-does",[15,161555,64393],{},[143,161557,161558,161563,161566,161569],{},[146,161559,161560,161562],{},[15,161561,64393],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[146,161564,161565],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[146,161567,161568],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[146,161570,161571],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161573,161574],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[42,161576,289],{"id":288},[20,161578,7308],{},[47,161580,161582],{"className":49,"code":161581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161583,161584],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161585,161586,161588,161590,161593,161595,161598,161600,161602],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161587,64463],{"class":111},[56,161589,115],{"class":70},[56,161591,161592],{"class":101},"iterable1",[56,161594,78],{"class":70},[56,161596,161597],{"class":101}," iterable2",[56,161599,78],{"class":70},[56,161601,34535],{"class":111},[56,161603,238],{"class":70},[20,161605,161606],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161608,161609],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[47,161611,161613],{"className":49,"code":161612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161614,161615,161635,161667,161671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161616,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161618,63],{"class":62},[56,161620,67],{"class":66},[56,161622,71],{"class":70},[56,161624,75],{"class":74},[56,161626,78],{"class":70},[56,161628,81],{"class":74},[56,161630,78],{"class":70},[56,161632,86],{"class":74},[56,161634,89],{"class":70},[56,161636,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161638,173],{"class":62},[56,161640,67],{"class":66},[56,161642,71],{"class":70},[56,161644,181],{"class":180},[56,161646,36],{"class":184},[56,161648,181],{"class":180},[56,161650,78],{"class":70},[56,161652,191],{"class":180},[56,161654,194],{"class":184},[56,161656,181],{"class":180},[56,161658,78],{"class":70},[56,161660,191],{"class":180},[56,161662,203],{"class":184},[56,161664,181],{"class":180},[56,161666,89],{"class":70},[56,161668,161669],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161670,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,161672,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161674,112],{"class":111},[56,161676,115],{"class":70},[56,161678,1644],{"class":1545},[56,161680,115],{"class":70},[56,161682,64463],{"class":111},[56,161684,115],{"class":70},[56,161686,95],{"class":101},[56,161688,78],{"class":70},[56,161690,70170],{"class":101},[56,161692,3010],{"class":70},[20,161694,241],{},[47,161696,161698],{"className":49,"code":161697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161699,161700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161701,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161703,21821],{"class":70},[56,161705,75],{"class":74},[56,161707,78],{"class":70},[56,161709,263],{"class":180},[56,161711,36],{"class":184},[56,161713,254],{"class":180},[56,161715,9321],{"class":70},[56,161717,9324],{"class":70},[56,161719,1097],{"class":74},[56,161721,78],{"class":70},[56,161723,263],{"class":180},[56,161725,194],{"class":184},[56,161727,254],{"class":180},[56,161729,9321],{"class":70},[56,161731,9324],{"class":70},[56,161733,901],{"class":74},[56,161735,78],{"class":70},[56,161737,263],{"class":180},[56,161739,203],{"class":184},[56,161741,254],{"class":180},[56,161743,9337],{"class":70},[20,161745,161746],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[47,161748,161750],{"className":49,"code":161749,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161751,161752,161784,161804,161838,161842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161753,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161755,5082],{"class":62},[56,161757,67],{"class":66},[56,161759,71],{"class":70},[56,161761,181],{"class":180},[56,161763,12961],{"class":184},[56,161765,181],{"class":180},[56,161767,78],{"class":70},[56,161769,191],{"class":180},[56,161771,36022],{"class":184},[56,161773,181],{"class":180},[56,161775,78],{"class":70},[56,161777,191],{"class":180},[56,161779,36031],{"class":184},[56,161781,181],{"class":180},[56,161783,89],{"class":70},[56,161785,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161787,5151],{"class":62},[56,161789,67],{"class":66},[56,161791,71],{"class":70},[56,161793,13580],{"class":74},[56,161795,78],{"class":70},[56,161797,13585],{"class":74},[56,161799,78],{"class":70},[56,161801,29001],{"class":74},[56,161803,89],{"class":70},[56,161805,161806,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161834,161836],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,161807,161808],{"class":62},"grades ",[56,161810,67],{"class":66},[56,161812,71],{"class":70},[56,161814,181],{"class":180},[56,161816,22326],{"class":184},[56,161818,181],{"class":180},[56,161820,78],{"class":70},[56,161822,191],{"class":180},[56,161824,30682],{"class":184},[56,161826,181],{"class":180},[56,161828,78],{"class":70},[56,161830,191],{"class":180},[56,161832,161833],{"class":184},"B+",[56,161835,181],{"class":180},[56,161837,89],{"class":70},[56,161839,161840],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,161841,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,161843,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161867],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,161845,112],{"class":111},[56,161847,115],{"class":70},[56,161849,1644],{"class":1545},[56,161851,115],{"class":70},[56,161853,64463],{"class":111},[56,161855,115],{"class":70},[56,161857,5126],{"class":101},[56,161859,78],{"class":70},[56,161861,5198],{"class":101},[56,161863,78],{"class":70},[56,161865,161866],{"class":101}," grades",[56,161868,3010],{"class":70},[20,161870,241],{},[47,161872,161874],{"className":49,"code":161873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161875,161876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161877,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161879,21821],{"class":70},[56,161881,254],{"class":180},[56,161883,12961],{"class":184},[56,161885,254],{"class":180},[56,161887,78],{"class":70},[56,161889,19978],{"class":74},[56,161891,78],{"class":70},[56,161893,263],{"class":180},[56,161895,22326],{"class":184},[56,161897,254],{"class":180},[56,161899,9321],{"class":70},[56,161901,9324],{"class":70},[56,161903,254],{"class":180},[56,161905,36022],{"class":184},[56,161907,254],{"class":180},[56,161909,78],{"class":70},[56,161911,13585],{"class":74},[56,161913,78],{"class":70},[56,161915,263],{"class":180},[56,161917,30682],{"class":184},[56,161919,254],{"class":180},[56,161921,9321],{"class":70},[56,161923,9324],{"class":70},[56,161925,254],{"class":180},[56,161927,36031],{"class":184},[56,161929,254],{"class":180},[56,161931,78],{"class":70},[56,161933,29001],{"class":74},[56,161935,78],{"class":70},[56,161937,263],{"class":180},[56,161939,161833],{"class":184},[56,161941,254],{"class":180},[56,161943,9337],{"class":70},[42,161945,161947],{"id":161946},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161949,161950],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[47,161952,161954],{"className":49,"code":161953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161955,161956,161988,162008,162012,162036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161957,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161959,5082],{"class":62},[56,161961,67],{"class":66},[56,161963,71],{"class":70},[56,161965,181],{"class":180},[56,161967,12961],{"class":184},[56,161969,181],{"class":180},[56,161971,78],{"class":70},[56,161973,191],{"class":180},[56,161975,36022],{"class":184},[56,161977,181],{"class":180},[56,161979,78],{"class":70},[56,161981,191],{"class":180},[56,161983,36031],{"class":184},[56,161985,181],{"class":180},[56,161987,89],{"class":70},[56,161989,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,161991,5151],{"class":62},[56,161993,67],{"class":66},[56,161995,71],{"class":70},[56,161997,13580],{"class":74},[56,161999,78],{"class":70},[56,162001,13585],{"class":74},[56,162003,78],{"class":70},[56,162005,29001],{"class":74},[56,162007,89],{"class":70},[56,162009,162010],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162011,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162013,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162015,6048],{"class":3965},[56,162017,36073],{"class":62},[56,162019,78],{"class":70},[56,162021,5193],{"class":62},[56,162023,3972],{"class":3965},[56,162025,161494],{"class":111},[56,162027,115],{"class":70},[56,162029,5126],{"class":101},[56,162031,78],{"class":70},[56,162033,5198],{"class":101},[56,162035,8431],{"class":70},[56,162037,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162039,8160],{"class":111},[56,162041,115],{"class":70},[56,162043,22375],{"class":1638},[56,162045,181],{"class":184},[56,162047,9366],{"class":74},[56,162049,7759],{"class":101},[56,162051,22384],{"class":74},[56,162053,162054],{"class":184}," scored ",[56,162056,9366],{"class":74},[56,162058,85439],{"class":101},[56,162060,22384],{"class":74},[56,162062,181],{"class":184},[56,162064,238],{"class":70},[20,162066,241],{},[47,162068,162070],{"className":49,"code":162069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162071,162072,162079,162086],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162073,162074,162077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162075,162076],{"class":62},"Ana scored ",[56,162078,33219],{"class":74},[56,162080,162081,162084],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162082,162083],{"class":62},"Ben scored ",[56,162085,33224],{"class":74},[56,162087,162088,162091],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162089,162090],{"class":62},"Cara scored ",[56,162092,33229],{"class":74},[20,162094,45011],{},[143,162096,162097,162106,162109],{},[146,162098,162099,162102,162103],{},[15,162100,162101],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162104,162105],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[146,162107,162108],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[146,162110,162111,4480,162113,162115],{},[15,162112,7759],{},[15,162114,85439],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162117,162118,162119,98],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[36,162120,69687],{"href":69686},[42,162122,162124],{"id":162123},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162126,162127,162129],{},[15,162128,64393],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162131,162132],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[47,162134,162136],{"className":49,"code":162135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162137,162138,162179,162195,162199,162223],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162139,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162175,162177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162141,5082],{"class":62},[56,162143,67],{"class":66},[56,162145,71],{"class":70},[56,162147,181],{"class":180},[56,162149,12961],{"class":184},[56,162151,181],{"class":180},[56,162153,78],{"class":70},[56,162155,191],{"class":180},[56,162157,36022],{"class":184},[56,162159,181],{"class":180},[56,162161,78],{"class":70},[56,162163,191],{"class":180},[56,162165,36031],{"class":184},[56,162167,181],{"class":180},[56,162169,78],{"class":70},[56,162171,191],{"class":180},[56,162173,162174],{"class":184},"Dan",[56,162176,181],{"class":180},[56,162178,89],{"class":70},[56,162180,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162182,5151],{"class":62},[56,162184,67],{"class":66},[56,162186,71],{"class":70},[56,162188,13580],{"class":74},[56,162190,78],{"class":70},[56,162192,13585],{"class":74},[56,162194,89],{"class":70},[56,162196,162197],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162198,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162202,6048],{"class":3965},[56,162204,36073],{"class":62},[56,162206,78],{"class":70},[56,162208,5193],{"class":62},[56,162210,3972],{"class":3965},[56,162212,161494],{"class":111},[56,162214,115],{"class":70},[56,162216,5126],{"class":101},[56,162218,78],{"class":70},[56,162220,5198],{"class":101},[56,162222,8431],{"class":70},[56,162224,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162226,8160],{"class":111},[56,162228,115],{"class":70},[56,162230,7759],{"class":101},[56,162232,78],{"class":70},[56,162234,130782],{"class":101},[56,162236,238],{"class":70},[20,162238,241],{},[47,162240,162242],{"className":49,"code":162241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162243,162244,162250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162245,162246,162248],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162247,133801],{"class":62},[56,162249,33219],{"class":74},[56,162251,162252,162254],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162253,161536],{"class":62},[56,162255,33224],{"class":74},[20,162257,2383,162258,4480,162261,162264],{},[15,162259,162260],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162262,162263],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162266,162267],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[47,162269,162271],{"className":49,"code":162270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162272,162273,162313,162329,162333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162274,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162276,5082],{"class":62},[56,162278,67],{"class":66},[56,162280,71],{"class":70},[56,162282,181],{"class":180},[56,162284,12961],{"class":184},[56,162286,181],{"class":180},[56,162288,78],{"class":70},[56,162290,191],{"class":180},[56,162292,36022],{"class":184},[56,162294,181],{"class":180},[56,162296,78],{"class":70},[56,162298,191],{"class":180},[56,162300,36031],{"class":184},[56,162302,181],{"class":180},[56,162304,78],{"class":70},[56,162306,191],{"class":180},[56,162308,162174],{"class":184},[56,162310,181],{"class":180},[56,162312,89],{"class":70},[56,162314,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162316,5151],{"class":62},[56,162318,67],{"class":66},[56,162320,71],{"class":70},[56,162322,13580],{"class":74},[56,162324,78],{"class":70},[56,162326,13585],{"class":74},[56,162328,89],{"class":70},[56,162330,162331],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162332,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162334,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162336,112],{"class":111},[56,162338,115],{"class":70},[56,162340,11250],{"class":111},[56,162342,115],{"class":70},[56,162344,5126],{"class":101},[56,162346,9321],{"class":70},[56,162348,38465],{"class":111},[56,162350,115],{"class":70},[56,162352,16469],{"class":101},[56,162354,1553],{"class":70},[20,162356,241],{},[47,162358,162360],{"className":49,"code":162359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4 2\n",[15,162361,162362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162363,162364,162366],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162365,2602],{"class":74},[56,162367,45670],{"class":74},[20,162369,162370,162371,98],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162372,64393],{},[42,162374,92030,162376,162378],{"id":162375},"converting-zip-output",[15,162377,64393],{}," output",[20,162380,29142,162381,162383],{},[15,162382,64393],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1030,162385,650,162387],{"id":162386},"use-listzip",[15,162388,162389],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162391,162392],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[47,162394,162396],{"className":49,"code":162395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162397,162398,162430,162450,162454,162476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162399,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162401,5082],{"class":62},[56,162403,67],{"class":66},[56,162405,71],{"class":70},[56,162407,181],{"class":180},[56,162409,12961],{"class":184},[56,162411,181],{"class":180},[56,162413,78],{"class":70},[56,162415,191],{"class":180},[56,162417,36022],{"class":184},[56,162419,181],{"class":180},[56,162421,78],{"class":70},[56,162423,191],{"class":180},[56,162425,36031],{"class":184},[56,162427,181],{"class":180},[56,162429,89],{"class":70},[56,162431,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162433,5151],{"class":62},[56,162435,67],{"class":66},[56,162437,71],{"class":70},[56,162439,13580],{"class":74},[56,162441,78],{"class":70},[56,162443,13585],{"class":74},[56,162445,78],{"class":70},[56,162447,29001],{"class":74},[56,162449,89],{"class":70},[56,162451,162452],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162453,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162455,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162457,9303],{"class":62},[56,162459,67],{"class":66},[56,162461,1878],{"class":1545},[56,162463,115],{"class":70},[56,162465,64463],{"class":111},[56,162467,115],{"class":70},[56,162469,5126],{"class":101},[56,162471,78],{"class":70},[56,162473,5198],{"class":101},[56,162475,1553],{"class":70},[56,162477,162478,162480,162482,162484],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162479,112],{"class":111},[56,162481,115],{"class":70},[56,162483,9350],{"class":101},[56,162485,238],{"class":70},[20,162487,241],{},[47,162489,162491],{"className":49,"code":162490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162492,162493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162494,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162496,21821],{"class":70},[56,162498,254],{"class":180},[56,162500,12961],{"class":184},[56,162502,254],{"class":180},[56,162504,78],{"class":70},[56,162506,19978],{"class":74},[56,162508,9321],{"class":70},[56,162510,9324],{"class":70},[56,162512,254],{"class":180},[56,162514,36022],{"class":184},[56,162516,254],{"class":180},[56,162518,78],{"class":70},[56,162520,13585],{"class":74},[56,162522,9321],{"class":70},[56,162524,9324],{"class":70},[56,162526,254],{"class":180},[56,162528,36031],{"class":184},[56,162530,254],{"class":180},[56,162532,78],{"class":70},[56,162534,29001],{"class":74},[56,162536,9337],{"class":70},[1030,162538,650,162540],{"id":162539},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162541,162542],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162544,162545],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[47,162547,162549],{"className":49,"code":162548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162550,162551,162583,162611,162615,162637],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162552,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162554,17323],{"class":62},[56,162556,67],{"class":66},[56,162558,71],{"class":70},[56,162560,181],{"class":180},[56,162562,7759],{"class":184},[56,162564,181],{"class":180},[56,162566,78],{"class":70},[56,162568,191],{"class":180},[56,162570,9387],{"class":184},[56,162572,181],{"class":180},[56,162574,78],{"class":70},[56,162576,191],{"class":180},[56,162578,10497],{"class":184},[56,162580,181],{"class":180},[56,162582,89],{"class":70},[56,162584,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162586,3912],{"class":62},[56,162588,67],{"class":66},[56,162590,71],{"class":70},[56,162592,181],{"class":180},[56,162594,12961],{"class":184},[56,162596,181],{"class":180},[56,162598,78],{"class":70},[56,162600,9394],{"class":74},[56,162602,78],{"class":70},[56,162604,191],{"class":180},[56,162606,16111],{"class":184},[56,162608,181],{"class":180},[56,162610,89],{"class":70},[56,162612,162613],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162614,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162616,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162618,13282],{"class":62},[56,162620,67],{"class":66},[56,162622,9258],{"class":1545},[56,162624,115],{"class":70},[56,162626,64463],{"class":111},[56,162628,115],{"class":70},[56,162630,17004],{"class":101},[56,162632,78],{"class":70},[56,162634,3975],{"class":101},[56,162636,1553],{"class":70},[56,162638,162639,162641,162643,162645],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162640,112],{"class":111},[56,162642,115],{"class":70},[56,162644,17388],{"class":101},[56,162646,238],{"class":70},[20,162648,241],{},[47,162650,162652],{"className":49,"code":162651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162653,162654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162655,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162657,9366],{"class":70},[56,162659,254],{"class":180},[56,162661,7759],{"class":184},[56,162663,254],{"class":180},[56,162665,141],{"class":70},[56,162667,263],{"class":180},[56,162669,12961],{"class":184},[56,162671,254],{"class":180},[56,162673,78],{"class":70},[56,162675,263],{"class":180},[56,162677,9387],{"class":184},[56,162679,254],{"class":180},[56,162681,141],{"class":70},[56,162683,9394],{"class":74},[56,162685,78],{"class":70},[56,162687,263],{"class":180},[56,162689,10497],{"class":184},[56,162691,254],{"class":180},[56,162693,141],{"class":70},[56,162695,263],{"class":180},[56,162697,16111],{"class":184},[56,162699,254],{"class":180},[56,162701,9397],{"class":70},[20,162703,162704,162705,98],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[36,162706,31169],{"href":31168},[1030,162708,162710],{"id":162709},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162712,162713],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[47,162715,162717],{"className":49,"code":162716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162718,162719,162743,162759,162763,162781,162785,162799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162720,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162722,5082],{"class":62},[56,162724,67],{"class":66},[56,162726,71],{"class":70},[56,162728,181],{"class":180},[56,162730,12961],{"class":184},[56,162732,181],{"class":180},[56,162734,78],{"class":70},[56,162736,191],{"class":180},[56,162738,36022],{"class":184},[56,162740,181],{"class":180},[56,162742,89],{"class":70},[56,162744,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162746,5151],{"class":62},[56,162748,67],{"class":66},[56,162750,71],{"class":70},[56,162752,13580],{"class":74},[56,162754,78],{"class":70},[56,162756,13585],{"class":74},[56,162758,89],{"class":70},[56,162760,162761],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162762,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162764,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162766,9303],{"class":62},[56,162768,67],{"class":66},[56,162770,161494],{"class":111},[56,162772,115],{"class":70},[56,162774,5126],{"class":101},[56,162776,78],{"class":70},[56,162778,5198],{"class":101},[56,162780,238],{"class":70},[56,162782,162783],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162784,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162786,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,162788,112],{"class":111},[56,162790,115],{"class":70},[56,162792,1644],{"class":1545},[56,162794,115],{"class":70},[56,162796,9350],{"class":101},[56,162798,1553],{"class":70},[56,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,162802,112],{"class":111},[56,162804,115],{"class":70},[56,162806,1644],{"class":1545},[56,162808,115],{"class":70},[56,162810,9350],{"class":101},[56,162812,1553],{"class":70},[20,162814,241],{},[47,162816,162818],{"className":49,"code":162817,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162819,162820,162850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162821,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162823,21821],{"class":70},[56,162825,254],{"class":180},[56,162827,12961],{"class":184},[56,162829,254],{"class":180},[56,162831,78],{"class":70},[56,162833,19978],{"class":74},[56,162835,9321],{"class":70},[56,162837,9324],{"class":70},[56,162839,254],{"class":180},[56,162841,36022],{"class":184},[56,162843,254],{"class":180},[56,162845,78],{"class":70},[56,162847,13585],{"class":74},[56,162849,9337],{"class":70},[56,162851,162852],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162853,38376],{"class":70},[20,162855,162856],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162858,162859,162860,98],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[36,162861,5224],{"href":5676},[42,162863,41125],{"id":41124},[20,162865,162866,162867,98],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162868,64393],{},[1030,162870,162872],{"id":162871},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[47,162874,162876],{"className":49,"code":162875,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162877,162878,162910,162930,162934,162958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162879,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162881,5082],{"class":62},[56,162883,67],{"class":66},[56,162885,71],{"class":70},[56,162887,181],{"class":180},[56,162889,12961],{"class":184},[56,162891,181],{"class":180},[56,162893,78],{"class":70},[56,162895,191],{"class":180},[56,162897,36022],{"class":184},[56,162899,181],{"class":180},[56,162901,78],{"class":70},[56,162903,191],{"class":180},[56,162905,36031],{"class":184},[56,162907,181],{"class":180},[56,162909,89],{"class":70},[56,162911,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,162913,5151],{"class":62},[56,162915,67],{"class":66},[56,162917,71],{"class":70},[56,162919,13580],{"class":74},[56,162921,78],{"class":70},[56,162923,13585],{"class":74},[56,162925,78],{"class":70},[56,162927,29001],{"class":74},[56,162929,89],{"class":70},[56,162931,162932],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,162933,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,162935,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,162937,6048],{"class":3965},[56,162939,36073],{"class":62},[56,162941,78],{"class":70},[56,162943,5193],{"class":62},[56,162945,3972],{"class":3965},[56,162947,161494],{"class":111},[56,162949,115],{"class":70},[56,162951,5126],{"class":101},[56,162953,78],{"class":70},[56,162955,5198],{"class":101},[56,162957,8431],{"class":70},[56,162959,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,162961,8160],{"class":111},[56,162963,115],{"class":70},[56,162965,22375],{"class":1638},[56,162967,181],{"class":184},[56,162969,9366],{"class":74},[56,162971,7759],{"class":101},[56,162973,22384],{"class":74},[56,162975,22387],{"class":184},[56,162977,9366],{"class":74},[56,162979,85439],{"class":101},[56,162981,22384],{"class":74},[56,162983,181],{"class":184},[56,162985,238],{"class":70},[1030,162987,162989],{"id":162988},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[47,162991,162993],{"className":49,"code":162992,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162994,162995,163027,163051,163055,163077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162996,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162998,17323],{"class":62},[56,163000,67],{"class":66},[56,163002,71],{"class":70},[56,163004,181],{"class":180},[56,163006,12731],{"class":184},[56,163008,181],{"class":180},[56,163010,78],{"class":70},[56,163012,191],{"class":180},[56,163014,7759],{"class":184},[56,163016,181],{"class":180},[56,163018,78],{"class":70},[56,163020,191],{"class":180},[56,163022,15901],{"class":184},[56,163024,181],{"class":180},[56,163026,89],{"class":70},[56,163028,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163030,3912],{"class":62},[56,163032,67],{"class":66},[56,163034,71],{"class":70},[56,163036,46672],{"class":74},[56,163038,78],{"class":70},[56,163040,191],{"class":180},[56,163042,12961],{"class":184},[56,163044,181],{"class":180},[56,163046,78],{"class":70},[56,163048,4004],{"class":893},[56,163050,89],{"class":70},[56,163052,163053],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163054,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163056,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163058,9253],{"class":62},[56,163060,67],{"class":66},[56,163062,9258],{"class":1545},[56,163064,115],{"class":70},[56,163066,64463],{"class":111},[56,163068,115],{"class":70},[56,163070,17004],{"class":101},[56,163072,78],{"class":70},[56,163074,3975],{"class":101},[56,163076,1553],{"class":70},[56,163078,163079,163081,163083,163085],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,163080,112],{"class":111},[56,163082,115],{"class":70},[56,163084,9292],{"class":101},[56,163086,238],{"class":70},[1030,163088,163090],{"id":163089},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[47,163092,163094],{"className":49,"code":163093,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163095,163096,163116,163136,163140,163165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163097,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163099,80577],{"class":62},[56,163101,67],{"class":66},[56,163103,71],{"class":70},[56,163105,444],{"class":74},[56,163107,78],{"class":70},[56,163109,449],{"class":74},[56,163111,78],{"class":70},[56,163113,454],{"class":74},[56,163115,89],{"class":70},[56,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163119,80598],{"class":62},[56,163121,67],{"class":66},[56,163123,71],{"class":70},[56,163125,444],{"class":74},[56,163127,78],{"class":70},[56,163129,9394],{"class":74},[56,163131,78],{"class":70},[56,163133,454],{"class":74},[56,163135,89],{"class":70},[56,163137,163138],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163139,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163143,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163145,56962],{"class":62},[56,163147,78],{"class":70},[56,163149,163150],{"class":62}," b ",[56,163152,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163154,161494],{"class":111},[56,163156,115],{"class":70},[56,163158,111669],{"class":101},[56,163160,78],{"class":70},[56,163162,80641],{"class":101},[56,163164,8431],{"class":70},[56,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,163168,8160],{"class":111},[56,163170,115],{"class":70},[56,163172,2652],{"class":101},[56,163174,4776],{"class":66},[56,163176,2657],{"class":101},[56,163178,238],{"class":70},[20,163180,241],{},[47,163182,163184],{"className":49,"code":163183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163185,163186,163190,163194],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163187,163188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163189,4068],{"class":893},[56,163191,163192],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163193,4129],{"class":893},[56,163195,163196],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163197,4068],{"class":893},[1030,163199,163201],{"id":163200},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[47,163203,163205],{"className":49,"code":163204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163206,163207,163242,163265,163269,163296],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163208,163209,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163229,163231,163233,163235,163238,163240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163210,163211],{"class":62},"products ",[56,163213,67],{"class":66},[56,163215,71],{"class":70},[56,163217,181],{"class":180},[56,163219,25222],{"class":184},[56,163221,181],{"class":180},[56,163223,78],{"class":70},[56,163225,191],{"class":180},[56,163227,163228],{"class":184},"Pen",[56,163230,181],{"class":180},[56,163232,78],{"class":70},[56,163234,191],{"class":180},[56,163236,163237],{"class":184},"Bag",[56,163239,181],{"class":180},[56,163241,89],{"class":70},[56,163243,163244,163246,163248,163250,163253,163255,163258,163260,163263],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163245,82967],{"class":62},[56,163247,67],{"class":66},[56,163249,71],{"class":70},[56,163251,163252],{"class":74},"12.5",[56,163254,78],{"class":70},[56,163256,163257],{"class":74}," 1.2",[56,163259,78],{"class":70},[56,163261,163262],{"class":74}," 25.0",[56,163264,89],{"class":70},[56,163266,163267],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163268,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163270,163271,163273,163275,163277,163280,163282,163284,163286,163289,163291,163294],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163272,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163274,25283],{"class":62},[56,163276,78],{"class":70},[56,163278,163279],{"class":62}," price ",[56,163281,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163283,161494],{"class":111},[56,163285,115],{"class":70},[56,163287,163288],{"class":101},"products",[56,163290,78],{"class":70},[56,163292,163293],{"class":101}," prices",[56,163295,8431],{"class":70},[56,163297,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,163299,8160],{"class":111},[56,163301,115],{"class":70},[56,163303,22375],{"class":1638},[56,163305,181],{"class":184},[56,163307,9366],{"class":74},[56,163309,27091],{"class":101},[56,163311,22384],{"class":74},[56,163313,163314],{"class":184}," costs $",[56,163316,9366],{"class":74},[56,163318,25231],{"class":101},[56,163320,22384],{"class":74},[56,163322,181],{"class":184},[56,163324,238],{"class":70},[20,163326,36680,163327,98],{},[36,163328,163330],{"href":163329},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[42,163332,163334,163335],{"id":163333},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163336,64393],{},[1030,163338,1435,163340,163342],{"id":163339},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163341,64393],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163344,163345,163347],{},[15,163346,64393],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163349,163350],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[47,163352,163354],{"className":49,"code":163353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163355,163356],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163357,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163359,112],{"class":111},[56,163361,115],{"class":70},[56,163363,11250],{"class":111},[56,163365,115],{"class":70},[56,163367,111669],{"class":101},[56,163369,9321],{"class":70},[56,163371,38465],{"class":111},[56,163373,115],{"class":70},[56,163375,80864],{"class":101},[56,163377,1553],{"class":70},[1030,163379,163381],{"id":163380},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163383,68910],{},[47,163385,163387],{"className":49,"code":163386,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163388,163389,163425,163429,163442,163452,163456,163468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163390,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163392,9303],{"class":62},[56,163394,67],{"class":66},[56,163396,161494],{"class":111},[56,163398,3084],{"class":70},[56,163400,75],{"class":74},[56,163402,78],{"class":70},[56,163404,81],{"class":74},[56,163406,18142],{"class":70},[56,163408,71],{"class":70},[56,163410,181],{"class":180},[56,163412,36],{"class":184},[56,163414,181],{"class":180},[56,163416,78],{"class":70},[56,163418,191],{"class":180},[56,163420,194],{"class":184},[56,163422,181],{"class":180},[56,163424,1607],{"class":70},[56,163426,163427],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163428,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163430,163431,163433,163435,163437,163440],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163432,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163434,6051],{"class":62},[56,163436,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163438,163439],{"class":62}," pairs",[56,163441,6484],{"class":70},[56,163443,163444,163446,163448,163450],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163445,8160],{"class":111},[56,163447,115],{"class":70},[56,163449,23391],{"class":101},[56,163451,238],{"class":70},[56,163453,163454],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,163455,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163457,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466],{"class":58,"line":1560},[56,163459,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163461,6051],{"class":62},[56,163463,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163465,163439],{"class":62},[56,163467,6484],{"class":70},[56,163469,163470,163472,163474,163476],{"class":58,"line":1576},[56,163471,8160],{"class":111},[56,163473,115],{"class":70},[56,163475,23391],{"class":101},[56,163477,238],{"class":70},[20,163479,163480],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1030,163482,163484],{"id":163483},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163486,163487],{},"This is correct:",[47,163489,163491],{"className":49,"code":163490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163492,163493,163517,163533,163537,163561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163494,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163496,5082],{"class":62},[56,163498,67],{"class":66},[56,163500,71],{"class":70},[56,163502,181],{"class":180},[56,163504,12961],{"class":184},[56,163506,181],{"class":180},[56,163508,78],{"class":70},[56,163510,191],{"class":180},[56,163512,36022],{"class":184},[56,163514,181],{"class":180},[56,163516,89],{"class":70},[56,163518,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163520,5151],{"class":62},[56,163522,67],{"class":66},[56,163524,71],{"class":70},[56,163526,13580],{"class":74},[56,163528,78],{"class":70},[56,163530,13585],{"class":74},[56,163532,89],{"class":70},[56,163534,163535],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163536,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163538,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163540,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163542,36073],{"class":62},[56,163544,78],{"class":70},[56,163546,5193],{"class":62},[56,163548,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163550,161494],{"class":111},[56,163552,115],{"class":70},[56,163554,5126],{"class":101},[56,163556,78],{"class":70},[56,163558,5198],{"class":101},[56,163560,8431],{"class":70},[56,163562,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573],{"class":58,"line":730},[56,163564,8160],{"class":111},[56,163566,115],{"class":70},[56,163568,7759],{"class":101},[56,163570,78],{"class":70},[56,163572,130782],{"class":101},[56,163574,238],{"class":70},[20,163576,163577],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[47,163579,163581],{"className":49,"code":163580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163582,163583,163603],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163584,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163586,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163588,6051],{"class":62},[56,163590,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163592,161494],{"class":111},[56,163594,115],{"class":70},[56,163596,5126],{"class":101},[56,163598,78],{"class":70},[56,163600,5198],{"class":101},[56,163602,8431],{"class":70},[56,163604,163605,163607,163609,163611],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163606,8160],{"class":111},[56,163608,115],{"class":70},[56,163610,23391],{"class":101},[56,163612,238],{"class":70},[20,163614,241],{},[47,163616,163618],{"className":49,"code":163617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163619,163620,163636],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163623,115],{"class":70},[56,163625,254],{"class":180},[56,163627,12961],{"class":184},[56,163629,254],{"class":180},[56,163631,78],{"class":70},[56,163633,19978],{"class":74},[56,163635,238],{"class":70},[56,163637,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163639,115],{"class":70},[56,163641,254],{"class":180},[56,163643,36022],{"class":184},[56,163645,254],{"class":180},[56,163647,78],{"class":70},[56,163649,13585],{"class":74},[56,163651,238],{"class":70},[20,163653,163654],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1030,163656,1441,163658,163660,163661],{"id":163657},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163659,64393],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163662,35830],{},[20,163664,650,163665,163667],{},[15,163666,64393],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163669,650,163670,163672],{},[15,163671,35830],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[47,163674,163675],{"className":49,"code":35999,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[15,163676,163677,163709,163713,163733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163678,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163680,5082],{"class":62},[56,163682,67],{"class":66},[56,163684,71],{"class":70},[56,163686,181],{"class":180},[56,163688,12961],{"class":184},[56,163690,181],{"class":180},[56,163692,78],{"class":70},[56,163694,191],{"class":180},[56,163696,36022],{"class":184},[56,163698,181],{"class":180},[56,163700,78],{"class":70},[56,163702,191],{"class":180},[56,163704,36031],{"class":184},[56,163706,181],{"class":180},[56,163708,89],{"class":70},[56,163710,163711],{"class":58,"line":92},[56,163712,601],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":600},[56,163714,163715,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731],{"class":58,"line":108},[56,163716,6048],{"class":3965},[56,163718,35902],{"class":62},[56,163720,78],{"class":70},[56,163722,36050],{"class":62},[56,163724,3972],{"class":3965},[56,163726,35912],{"class":111},[56,163728,115],{"class":70},[56,163730,5126],{"class":101},[56,163732,8431],{"class":70},[56,163734,163735,163737,163739,163741,163743,163745],{"class":58,"line":604},[56,163736,8160],{"class":111},[56,163738,115],{"class":70},[56,163740,35927],{"class":101},[56,163742,78],{"class":70},[56,163744,36073],{"class":101},[56,163746,238],{"class":70},[20,163748,163749,163750,98],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[36,163751,2009,163752,2012],{"href":91942},[15,163753,35830],{},[42,163755,1888],{"id":1887},[1030,163757,5230,163759,5233],{"id":163758},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163760,64393],{},[20,163762,163763],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1030,163765,1892,163767,163769],{"id":163766},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163768,64393],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163771,163772],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1030,163774,163776,163777,1911],{"id":163775},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163778,64393],{},[20,163780,163781,163782,98],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163783,162389],{},[1030,163785,163787,163788,1911],{"id":163786},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163789,64393],{},[20,163791,128147,163792,163794],{},[15,163793,162542],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1030,163796,163798],{"id":163797},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163800,163801],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[42,163803,1996],{"id":1995},[143,163805,163806,163811,163817,163821,163825],{},[146,163807,163808],{},[36,163809,163810],{"href":163329},"How to use zip in Python",[146,163812,163813],{},[36,163814,2009,163815,2012],{"href":91942},[15,163816,35830],{},[146,163818,163819],{},[36,163820,5305],{"href":5676},[146,163822,163823],{},[36,163824,69763],{"href":69686},[146,163826,163827],{},[36,163828,32343],{"href":31168},[2028,163830,163831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":92,"depth":92,"links":163833},[163834,163835,163837,163838,163839,163840,163848,163854,163863,163874],{"id":2103,"depth":92,"text":2104},{"id":161553,"depth":92,"text":163836},"What zip() does",{"id":288,"depth":92,"text":289},{"id":161946,"depth":92,"text":161947},{"id":162123,"depth":92,"text":162124},{"id":162375,"depth":92,"text":163841,"children":163842},"Converting zip() output",[163843,163845,163847],{"id":162386,"depth":108,"text":163844},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162539,"depth":108,"text":163846},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162709,"depth":108,"text":162710},{"id":41124,"depth":92,"text":41125,"children":163849},[163850,163851,163852,163853],{"id":162871,"depth":108,"text":162872},{"id":162988,"depth":108,"text":162989},{"id":163089,"depth":108,"text":163090},{"id":163200,"depth":108,"text":163201},{"id":163333,"depth":92,"text":163855,"children":163856},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163857,163859,163860,163861],{"id":163339,"depth":108,"text":163858},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163380,"depth":108,"text":163381},{"id":163483,"depth":108,"text":163484},{"id":163657,"depth":108,"text":163862},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1887,"depth":92,"text":1888,"children":163864},[163865,163867,163869,163871,163873],{"id":163758,"depth":108,"text":163866},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163766,"depth":108,"text":163868},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163775,"depth":108,"text":163870},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163786,"depth":108,"text":163872},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163797,"depth":108,"text":163798},{"id":1995,"depth":92,"text":1996},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161395,"description":163875},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944845854]