[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164349},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained":3,"nav-reference":2578},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2571,"extension":2572,"meta":2573,"navigation":134,"path":2574,"seo":2575,"stem":2576,"__hash__":2577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2539},"minimark",[9,13,30,33,69,80,85,228,238,242,245,248,347,350,385,388,413,420,424,427,449,452,469,472,492,495,605,607,686,690,693,737,739,874,876,980,987,991,994,997,1011,1014,1129,1131,1205,1207,1236,1240,1246,1278,1281,1407,1409,1491,1498,1503,1506,1548,1558,1562,1565,1569,1616,1618,1627,1631,1682,1684,1697,1700,1714,1717,1725,1727,1774,1776,1785,1788,1831,1838,1842,1845,1873,1877,1928,1931,1952,1964,1968,1971,2001,2004,2027,2031,2034,2102,2104,2141,2144,2152,2219,2221,2258,2264,2271,2275,2278,2308,2313,2317,2320,2344,2347,2443,2455,2459,2463,2466,2470,2473,2480,2483,2491,2494,2498,2529,2535],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29],"p",{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"start",", ",[18,23,24],{},"stop",", and ",[18,27,28],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,31,32],{},"The basic slice form is:",[34,35,40],"pre",{"className":36,"code":37,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","my_list[start:stop:step]\n","python","",[18,41,42],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44,47,51,55,57,60,62,64,66],"span",{"class":45,"line":46},"line",1,[43,48,50],{"class":49},"su5hD","my_list",[43,52,54],{"class":53},"sP7_E","[",[43,56,20],{"class":49},[43,58,59],{"class":53},":",[43,61,24],{"class":49},[43,63,59],{"class":53},[43,65,28],{"class":49},[43,67,68],{"class":53},"]\n",[14,70,71,72,74,75,79],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,73,24],{}," position is ",[76,77,78],"strong",{},"not included",".",[81,82,84],"h2",{"id":83},"quick-example","Quick example",[34,86,88],{"className":36,"code":87,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,89,90,129,136,167,187,207],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91,92,95,99,102,106,109,112,114,117,119,122,124,127],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93,94],{"class":49},"numbers ",[43,96,98],{"class":97},"smGrS","=",[43,100,101],{"class":53}," [",[43,103,105],{"class":104},"srdBf","10",[43,107,108],{"class":53},",",[43,110,111],{"class":104}," 20",[43,113,108],{"class":53},[43,115,116],{"class":104}," 30",[43,118,108],{"class":53},[43,120,121],{"class":104}," 40",[43,123,108],{"class":53},[43,125,126],{"class":104}," 50",[43,128,68],{"class":53},[43,130,132],{"class":45,"line":131},2,[43,133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},true,"\n",[43,137,139,143,146,150,152,155,157,160,163],{"class":45,"line":138},3,[43,140,142],{"class":141},"sptTA","print",[43,144,145],{"class":53},"(",[43,147,149],{"class":148},"slqww","numbers",[43,151,54],{"class":53},[43,153,154],{"class":104},"1",[43,156,59],{"class":53},[43,158,159],{"class":104},"4",[43,161,162],{"class":53},"])",[43,164,166],{"class":165},"sutJx","   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[43,168,170,172,174,176,179,182,184],{"class":45,"line":169},4,[43,171,142],{"class":141},[43,173,145],{"class":53},[43,175,149],{"class":148},[43,177,178],{"class":53},"[:",[43,180,181],{"class":104},"3",[43,183,162],{"class":53},[43,185,186],{"class":165},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[43,188,190,192,194,196,199,202,204],{"class":45,"line":189},5,[43,191,142],{"class":141},[43,193,145],{"class":53},[43,195,149],{"class":148},[43,197,198],{"class":53},"[::",[43,200,201],{"class":104},"2",[43,203,162],{"class":53},[43,205,206],{"class":165},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[43,208,210,212,214,216,218,221,223,225],{"class":45,"line":209},6,[43,211,142],{"class":141},[43,213,145],{"class":53},[43,215,149],{"class":148},[43,217,198],{"class":53},[43,219,220],{"class":97},"-",[43,222,154],{"class":104},[43,224,162],{"class":53},[43,226,227],{"class":165},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,229,230,231,234,235,237],{},"Use ",[18,232,233],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,236,24],{}," value is not included.",[81,239,241],{"id":240},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,243,244],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,246,247],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[34,249,251],{"className":36,"code":250,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,252,253,311,315,335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,254,255,258,260,262,266,270,272,274,277,280,282,284,286,289,291,293,295,298,300,302,304,307,309],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,256,257],{"class":49},"letters ",[43,259,98],{"class":97},[43,261,101],{"class":53},[43,263,265],{"class":264},"sjJ54","\"",[43,267,269],{"class":268},"s_sjI","a",[43,271,265],{"class":264},[43,273,108],{"class":53},[43,275,276],{"class":264}," \"",[43,278,279],{"class":268},"b",[43,281,265],{"class":264},[43,283,108],{"class":53},[43,285,276],{"class":264},[43,287,288],{"class":268},"c",[43,290,265],{"class":264},[43,292,108],{"class":53},[43,294,276],{"class":264},[43,296,297],{"class":268},"d",[43,299,265],{"class":264},[43,301,108],{"class":53},[43,303,276],{"class":264},[43,305,306],{"class":268},"e",[43,308,265],{"class":264},[43,310,68],{"class":53},[43,312,313],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,314,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,316,317,320,322,325,327,329,331,333],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,318,319],{"class":49},"part ",[43,321,98],{"class":97},[43,323,324],{"class":49}," letters",[43,326,54],{"class":53},[43,328,154],{"class":104},[43,330,59],{"class":53},[43,332,159],{"class":104},[43,334,68],{"class":53},[43,336,337,339,341,344],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,338,142],{"class":141},[43,340,145],{"class":53},[43,342,343],{"class":148},"part",[43,345,346],{"class":53},")\n",[14,348,349],{},"Output:",[34,351,353],{"className":36,"code":352,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,354,355],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,356,357,359,362,364,366,368,371,373,375,377,379,381,383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,358,54],{"class":53},[43,360,361],{"class":264},"'",[43,363,279],{"class":268},[43,365,361],{"class":264},[43,367,108],{"class":53},[43,369,370],{"class":264}," '",[43,372,288],{"class":268},[43,374,361],{"class":264},[43,376,108],{"class":53},[43,378,370],{"class":264},[43,380,297],{"class":268},[43,382,361],{"class":264},[43,384,68],{"class":53},[14,386,387],{},"Key points:",[389,390,391,395,398,404,410],"ul",{},[392,393,394],"li",{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[392,396,397],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[392,399,400,401],{},"Basic form: ",[18,402,403],{},"list[start:stop]",[392,405,406,407,409],{},"The item at ",[18,408,24],{}," is not included",[392,411,412],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,414,415,416,79],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[269,417,419],{"href":418},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","beginner guide to Python lists",[81,421,423],{"id":422},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,425,426],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[34,428,429],{"className":36,"code":37,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,430,431],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,432,433,435,437,439,441,443,445,447],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,434,50],{"class":49},[43,436,54],{"class":53},[43,438,20],{"class":49},[43,440,59],{"class":53},[43,442,24],{"class":49},[43,444,59],{"class":53},[43,446,28],{"class":49},[43,448,68],{"class":53},[14,450,451],{},"Here is what each part means:",[389,453,454,459,464],{},[392,455,456,458],{},[18,457,20],{}," is where slicing begins",[392,460,461,463],{},[18,462,24],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[392,465,466,468],{},[18,467,28],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,470,471],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[389,473,474,480,485],{},[392,475,476,477,479],{},"Missing ",[18,478,20],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[392,481,476,482,484],{},[18,483,24],{}," means go to the end of the list",[392,486,476,487,489,490],{},[18,488,28],{}," means use ",[18,491,154],{},[14,493,494],{},"Example:",[34,496,498],{"className":36,"code":497,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,499,500,528,532,553,570,588],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,501,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,503,94],{"class":49},[43,505,98],{"class":97},[43,507,101],{"class":53},[43,509,105],{"class":104},[43,511,108],{"class":53},[43,513,111],{"class":104},[43,515,108],{"class":53},[43,517,116],{"class":104},[43,519,108],{"class":53},[43,521,121],{"class":104},[43,523,108],{"class":53},[43,525,126],{"class":104},[43,527,68],{"class":53},[43,529,530],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,531,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,533,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548,550],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,535,142],{"class":141},[43,537,145],{"class":53},[43,539,149],{"class":148},[43,541,54],{"class":53},[43,543,154],{"class":104},[43,545,59],{"class":53},[43,547,159],{"class":104},[43,549,162],{"class":53},[43,551,552],{"class":165},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[43,554,555,557,559,561,563,565,567],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,556,142],{"class":141},[43,558,145],{"class":53},[43,560,149],{"class":148},[43,562,178],{"class":53},[43,564,181],{"class":104},[43,566,162],{"class":53},[43,568,569],{"class":165},"    # start from the beginning\n",[43,571,572,574,576,578,580,582,585],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,573,142],{"class":141},[43,575,145],{"class":53},[43,577,149],{"class":148},[43,579,54],{"class":53},[43,581,201],{"class":104},[43,583,584],{"class":53},":])",[43,586,587],{"class":165},"    # go to the end\n",[43,589,590,592,594,596,598,600,602],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,591,142],{"class":141},[43,593,145],{"class":53},[43,595,149],{"class":148},[43,597,198],{"class":53},[43,599,154],{"class":104},[43,601,162],{"class":53},[43,603,604],{"class":165},"   # step of 1\n",[14,606,349],{},[34,608,610],{"className":36,"code":609,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,611,612,629,645,662],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,613,614,616,619,621,623,625,627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,615,54],{"class":53},[43,617,618],{"class":104},"20",[43,620,108],{"class":53},[43,622,116],{"class":104},[43,624,108],{"class":53},[43,626,121],{"class":104},[43,628,68],{"class":53},[43,630,631,633,635,637,639,641,643],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,632,54],{"class":53},[43,634,105],{"class":104},[43,636,108],{"class":53},[43,638,111],{"class":104},[43,640,108],{"class":53},[43,642,116],{"class":104},[43,644,68],{"class":53},[43,646,647,649,652,654,656,658,660],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,648,54],{"class":53},[43,650,651],{"class":104},"30",[43,653,108],{"class":53},[43,655,121],{"class":104},[43,657,108],{"class":53},[43,659,126],{"class":104},[43,661,68],{"class":53},[43,663,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,665,54],{"class":53},[43,667,105],{"class":104},[43,669,108],{"class":53},[43,671,111],{"class":104},[43,673,108],{"class":53},[43,675,116],{"class":104},[43,677,108],{"class":53},[43,679,121],{"class":104},[43,681,108],{"class":53},[43,683,126],{"class":104},[43,685,68],{"class":53},[81,687,689],{"id":688},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,691,692],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[389,694,695,705,714,725,731],{},[392,696,697,700,701,704],{},[18,698,699],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,702,703],{},"n"," items",[392,706,707,710,711,713],{},[18,708,709],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,712,703],{}," to the end",[392,715,716,719,720,722,723],{},[18,717,718],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,721,269],{}," up to ",[18,724,279],{},[392,726,727,730],{},[18,728,729],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[392,732,733,736],{},[18,734,735],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,738,494],{},[34,740,742],{"className":36,"code":741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,743,744,777,781,798,815,837,854],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,745,746,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768,770,772,775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,747,94],{"class":49},[43,749,98],{"class":97},[43,751,101],{"class":53},[43,753,105],{"class":104},[43,755,108],{"class":53},[43,757,111],{"class":104},[43,759,108],{"class":53},[43,761,116],{"class":104},[43,763,108],{"class":53},[43,765,121],{"class":104},[43,767,108],{"class":53},[43,769,126],{"class":104},[43,771,108],{"class":53},[43,773,774],{"class":104}," 60",[43,776,68],{"class":53},[43,778,779],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,780,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,782,783,785,787,789,791,793,795],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,784,142],{"class":141},[43,786,145],{"class":53},[43,788,149],{"class":148},[43,790,178],{"class":53},[43,792,181],{"class":104},[43,794,162],{"class":53},[43,796,797],{"class":165},"    # first 3 items\n",[43,799,800,802,804,806,808,810,812],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,801,142],{"class":141},[43,803,145],{"class":53},[43,805,149],{"class":148},[43,807,54],{"class":53},[43,809,181],{"class":104},[43,811,584],{"class":53},[43,813,814],{"class":165},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[43,816,817,819,821,823,825,827,829,832,834],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,818,142],{"class":141},[43,820,145],{"class":53},[43,822,149],{"class":148},[43,824,54],{"class":53},[43,826,154],{"class":104},[43,828,59],{"class":53},[43,830,831],{"class":104},"5",[43,833,162],{"class":53},[43,835,836],{"class":165},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[43,838,839,841,843,845,847,849,851],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,840,142],{"class":141},[43,842,145],{"class":53},[43,844,149],{"class":148},[43,846,198],{"class":53},[43,848,201],{"class":104},[43,850,162],{"class":53},[43,852,853],{"class":165},"   # every second item\n",[43,855,857,859,861,863,865,867,869,871],{"class":45,"line":856},7,[43,858,142],{"class":141},[43,860,145],{"class":53},[43,862,149],{"class":148},[43,864,198],{"class":53},[43,866,220],{"class":97},[43,868,154],{"class":104},[43,870,162],{"class":53},[43,872,873],{"class":165},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,875,349],{},[34,877,879],{"className":36,"code":878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,880,881,897,914,934,950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,882,883,885,887,889,891,893,895],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,884,54],{"class":53},[43,886,105],{"class":104},[43,888,108],{"class":53},[43,890,111],{"class":104},[43,892,108],{"class":53},[43,894,116],{"class":104},[43,896,68],{"class":53},[43,898,899,901,904,906,908,910,912],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,900,54],{"class":53},[43,902,903],{"class":104},"40",[43,905,108],{"class":53},[43,907,126],{"class":104},[43,909,108],{"class":53},[43,911,774],{"class":104},[43,913,68],{"class":53},[43,915,916,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,917,54],{"class":53},[43,919,618],{"class":104},[43,921,108],{"class":53},[43,923,116],{"class":104},[43,925,108],{"class":53},[43,927,121],{"class":104},[43,929,108],{"class":53},[43,931,126],{"class":104},[43,933,68],{"class":53},[43,935,936,938,940,942,944,946,948],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,937,54],{"class":53},[43,939,105],{"class":104},[43,941,108],{"class":53},[43,943,116],{"class":104},[43,945,108],{"class":53},[43,947,126],{"class":104},[43,949,68],{"class":53},[43,951,952,954,957,959,961,963,965,967,969,971,973,975,978],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,953,54],{"class":53},[43,955,956],{"class":104},"60",[43,958,108],{"class":53},[43,960,126],{"class":104},[43,962,108],{"class":53},[43,964,121],{"class":104},[43,966,108],{"class":53},[43,968,116],{"class":104},[43,970,108],{"class":53},[43,972,111],{"class":104},[43,974,108],{"class":53},[43,976,977],{"class":104}," 10",[43,979,68],{"class":53},[14,981,982,983,79],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[269,984,986],{"href":985},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to copy a list in Python",[81,988,990],{"id":989},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,992,993],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,995,996],{},"For example:",[389,998,999,1005],{},[392,1000,1001,1004],{},[18,1002,1003],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[392,1006,1007,1010],{},[18,1008,1009],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,1012,1013],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[34,1015,1017],{"className":36,"code":1016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,1018,1019,1067,1071,1091,1110],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1020,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1022,257],{"class":49},[43,1024,98],{"class":97},[43,1026,101],{"class":53},[43,1028,265],{"class":264},[43,1030,269],{"class":268},[43,1032,265],{"class":264},[43,1034,108],{"class":53},[43,1036,276],{"class":264},[43,1038,279],{"class":268},[43,1040,265],{"class":264},[43,1042,108],{"class":53},[43,1044,276],{"class":264},[43,1046,288],{"class":268},[43,1048,265],{"class":264},[43,1050,108],{"class":53},[43,1052,276],{"class":264},[43,1054,297],{"class":268},[43,1056,265],{"class":264},[43,1058,108],{"class":53},[43,1060,276],{"class":264},[43,1062,306],{"class":268},[43,1064,265],{"class":264},[43,1066,68],{"class":53},[43,1068,1069],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1070,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1072,1073,1075,1077,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1074,142],{"class":141},[43,1076,145],{"class":53},[43,1078,1079],{"class":148},"letters",[43,1081,54],{"class":53},[43,1083,220],{"class":97},[43,1085,154],{"class":104},[43,1087,162],{"class":53},[43,1089,1090],{"class":165},"    # last item\n",[43,1092,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,1094,142],{"class":141},[43,1096,145],{"class":53},[43,1098,1079],{"class":148},[43,1100,54],{"class":53},[43,1102,220],{"class":97},[43,1104,181],{"class":104},[43,1106,584],{"class":53},[43,1108,1109],{"class":165},"   # last 3 items\n",[43,1111,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,1113,142],{"class":141},[43,1115,145],{"class":53},[43,1117,1079],{"class":148},[43,1119,178],{"class":53},[43,1121,220],{"class":97},[43,1123,154],{"class":104},[43,1125,162],{"class":53},[43,1127,1128],{"class":165},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,1130,349],{},[34,1132,1134],{"className":36,"code":1133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,1135,1136,1141,1169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1137,1138],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1139,1140],{"class":49},"e\n",[43,1142,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1144,54],{"class":53},[43,1146,361],{"class":264},[43,1148,288],{"class":268},[43,1150,361],{"class":264},[43,1152,108],{"class":53},[43,1154,370],{"class":264},[43,1156,297],{"class":268},[43,1158,361],{"class":264},[43,1160,108],{"class":53},[43,1162,370],{"class":264},[43,1164,306],{"class":268},[43,1166,361],{"class":264},[43,1168,68],{"class":53},[43,1170,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1172,54],{"class":53},[43,1174,361],{"class":264},[43,1176,269],{"class":268},[43,1178,361],{"class":264},[43,1180,108],{"class":53},[43,1182,370],{"class":264},[43,1184,279],{"class":268},[43,1186,361],{"class":264},[43,1188,108],{"class":53},[43,1190,370],{"class":264},[43,1192,288],{"class":268},[43,1194,361],{"class":264},[43,1196,108],{"class":53},[43,1198,370],{"class":264},[43,1200,297],{"class":268},[43,1202,361],{"class":264},[43,1204,68],{"class":53},[14,1206,387],{},[389,1208,1209,1212,1216,1222,1228],{},[392,1210,1211],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[392,1213,1214,1004],{},[18,1215,1003],{},[392,1217,1218,1221],{},[18,1219,1220],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[392,1223,1224,1227],{},[18,1225,1226],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[392,1229,1230,1231,1233,1234],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,1232,20],{}," and ",[18,1235,24],{},[81,1237,1239],{"id":1238},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,1241,1242,1243,1245],{},"The ",[18,1244,28],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[389,1247,1248,1251,1254,1259,1270],{},[392,1249,1250],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[392,1252,1253],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[392,1255,1256,1258],{},[18,1257,735],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[392,1260,1261,1262,1264,1265,1267,1268],{},"If ",[18,1263,28],{}," is negative, ",[18,1266,20],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,1269,24],{},[392,1271,1272,1274,1275],{},[18,1273,28],{}," cannot be ",[18,1276,1277],{},"0",[14,1279,1280],{},"Example with different step values:",[34,1282,1284],{"className":36,"code":1283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,1285,1286,1318,1322,1339,1361,1380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1287,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1289,94],{"class":49},[43,1291,98],{"class":97},[43,1293,101],{"class":53},[43,1295,105],{"class":104},[43,1297,108],{"class":53},[43,1299,111],{"class":104},[43,1301,108],{"class":53},[43,1303,116],{"class":104},[43,1305,108],{"class":53},[43,1307,121],{"class":104},[43,1309,108],{"class":53},[43,1311,126],{"class":104},[43,1313,108],{"class":53},[43,1315,774],{"class":104},[43,1317,68],{"class":53},[43,1319,1320],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1321,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1325,142],{"class":141},[43,1327,145],{"class":53},[43,1329,149],{"class":148},[43,1331,198],{"class":53},[43,1333,201],{"class":104},[43,1335,162],{"class":53},[43,1337,1338],{"class":165},"     # every second item\n",[43,1340,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1354,1356,1358],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,1342,142],{"class":141},[43,1344,145],{"class":53},[43,1346,149],{"class":148},[43,1348,54],{"class":53},[43,1350,154],{"class":104},[43,1352,1353],{"class":53},"::",[43,1355,201],{"class":104},[43,1357,162],{"class":53},[43,1359,1360],{"class":165},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[43,1362,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,1364,142],{"class":141},[43,1366,145],{"class":53},[43,1368,149],{"class":148},[43,1370,198],{"class":53},[43,1372,220],{"class":97},[43,1374,154],{"class":104},[43,1376,162],{"class":53},[43,1378,1379],{"class":165},"    # reverse the list\n",[43,1381,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,1383,142],{"class":141},[43,1385,145],{"class":53},[43,1387,149],{"class":148},[43,1389,54],{"class":53},[43,1391,159],{"class":104},[43,1393,59],{"class":53},[43,1395,154],{"class":104},[43,1397,59],{"class":53},[43,1399,220],{"class":97},[43,1401,154],{"class":104},[43,1403,162],{"class":53},[43,1405,1406],{"class":165},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,1408,349],{},[34,1410,1412],{"className":36,"code":1411,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,1413,1414,1430,1446,1474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1417,54],{"class":53},[43,1419,105],{"class":104},[43,1421,108],{"class":53},[43,1423,116],{"class":104},[43,1425,108],{"class":53},[43,1427,126],{"class":104},[43,1429,68],{"class":53},[43,1431,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1433,54],{"class":53},[43,1435,618],{"class":104},[43,1437,108],{"class":53},[43,1439,121],{"class":104},[43,1441,108],{"class":53},[43,1443,774],{"class":104},[43,1445,68],{"class":53},[43,1447,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1449,54],{"class":53},[43,1451,956],{"class":104},[43,1453,108],{"class":53},[43,1455,126],{"class":104},[43,1457,108],{"class":53},[43,1459,121],{"class":104},[43,1461,108],{"class":53},[43,1463,116],{"class":104},[43,1465,108],{"class":53},[43,1467,111],{"class":104},[43,1469,108],{"class":53},[43,1471,977],{"class":104},[43,1473,68],{"class":53},[43,1475,1476,1478,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,1477,54],{"class":53},[43,1479,1480],{"class":104},"50",[43,1482,108],{"class":53},[43,1484,121],{"class":104},[43,1486,108],{"class":53},[43,1488,116],{"class":104},[43,1490,68],{"class":53},[14,1492,1493,1494,79],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[269,1495,1497],{"href":1496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to reverse a list in Python",[1499,1500,1502],"h3",{"id":1501},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,1504,1505],{},"This causes an error:",[34,1507,1509],{"className":36,"code":1508,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,1510,1511,1533],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1512,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1526,1528,1531],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1514,94],{"class":49},[43,1516,98],{"class":97},[43,1518,101],{"class":53},[43,1520,154],{"class":104},[43,1522,108],{"class":53},[43,1524,1525],{"class":104}," 2",[43,1527,108],{"class":53},[43,1529,1530],{"class":104}," 3",[43,1532,68],{"class":53},[43,1534,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1536,142],{"class":141},[43,1538,145],{"class":53},[43,1540,149],{"class":148},[43,1542,198],{"class":53},[43,1544,1277],{"class":104},[43,1546,1547],{"class":53},"])\n",[14,1549,1550,1551,1554,1555,1557],{},"Python raises a ",[18,1552,1553],{},"ValueError"," because a slice step of ",[18,1556,1277],{}," does not make sense.",[81,1559,1561],{"id":1560},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,1563,1564],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1499,1566,1568],{"id":1567},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[34,1570,1572],{"className":36,"code":1571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,1573,1574,1598,1602],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1575,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1577,94],{"class":49},[43,1579,98],{"class":97},[43,1581,101],{"class":53},[43,1583,105],{"class":104},[43,1585,108],{"class":53},[43,1587,111],{"class":104},[43,1589,108],{"class":53},[43,1591,116],{"class":104},[43,1593,108],{"class":53},[43,1595,121],{"class":104},[43,1597,68],{"class":53},[43,1599,1600],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1601,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1603,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1605,142],{"class":141},[43,1607,145],{"class":53},[43,1609,149],{"class":148},[43,1611,54],{"class":53},[43,1613,201],{"class":104},[43,1615,1547],{"class":53},[14,1617,349],{},[34,1619,1621],{"className":36,"code":1620,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"30\n",[18,1622,1623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1624,1625],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1626,1620],{"class":104},[1499,1628,1630],{"id":1629},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[34,1632,1634],{"className":36,"code":1633,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,1635,1636,1660,1664],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1637,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1639,94],{"class":49},[43,1641,98],{"class":97},[43,1643,101],{"class":53},[43,1645,105],{"class":104},[43,1647,108],{"class":53},[43,1649,111],{"class":104},[43,1651,108],{"class":53},[43,1653,116],{"class":104},[43,1655,108],{"class":53},[43,1657,121],{"class":104},[43,1659,68],{"class":53},[43,1661,1662],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1663,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1665,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1667,142],{"class":141},[43,1669,145],{"class":53},[43,1671,149],{"class":148},[43,1673,54],{"class":53},[43,1675,201],{"class":104},[43,1677,59],{"class":53},[43,1679,181],{"class":104},[43,1681,1547],{"class":53},[14,1683,349],{},[34,1685,1687],{"className":36,"code":1686,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[30]\n",[18,1688,1689],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1690,1691,1693,1695],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1692,54],{"class":53},[43,1694,651],{"class":104},[43,1696,68],{"class":53},[14,1698,1699],{},"Notice the difference:",[389,1701,1702,1708],{},[392,1703,1704,1707],{},[18,1705,1706],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[392,1709,1710,1713],{},[18,1711,1712],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,1715,1716],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[389,1718,1719,1722],{},[392,1720,1721],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[392,1723,1724],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,1726,494],{},[34,1728,1730],{"className":36,"code":1729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,1731,1732,1752,1756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1733,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1735,94],{"class":49},[43,1737,98],{"class":97},[43,1739,101],{"class":53},[43,1741,105],{"class":104},[43,1743,108],{"class":53},[43,1745,111],{"class":104},[43,1747,108],{"class":53},[43,1749,116],{"class":104},[43,1751,68],{"class":53},[43,1753,1754],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1755,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1757,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1759,142],{"class":141},[43,1761,145],{"class":53},[43,1763,149],{"class":148},[43,1765,54],{"class":53},[43,1767,831],{"class":104},[43,1769,59],{"class":53},[43,1771,105],{"class":104},[43,1773,1547],{"class":53},[14,1775,349],{},[34,1777,1779],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[]\n",[18,1780,1781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1782,1783],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1784,1778],{"class":53},[14,1786,1787],{},"But this would raise an error:",[34,1789,1791],{"className":36,"code":1790,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,1792,1793,1813,1817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1794,1795,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1796,94],{"class":49},[43,1798,98],{"class":97},[43,1800,101],{"class":53},[43,1802,105],{"class":104},[43,1804,108],{"class":53},[43,1806,111],{"class":104},[43,1808,108],{"class":53},[43,1810,116],{"class":104},[43,1812,68],{"class":53},[43,1814,1815],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,1818,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,1820,142],{"class":141},[43,1822,145],{"class":53},[43,1824,149],{"class":148},[43,1826,54],{"class":53},[43,1828,831],{"class":104},[43,1830,1547],{"class":53},[14,1832,1833,1834,79],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[269,1835,1837],{"href":1836},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[81,1839,1841],{"id":1840},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid","Beginner mistakes to avoid",[14,1843,1844],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[389,1846,1847,1852,1855,1858,1867],{},[392,1848,1849,1850,409],{},"Forgetting that ",[18,1851,24],{},[392,1853,1854],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[392,1856,1857],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[392,1859,1860,1861,1863,1864],{},"Confusing ",[18,1862,735],{}," with ",[18,1865,1866],{},"list.reverse()",[392,1868,1869,1870,1872],{},"Using step ",[18,1871,1277],{},", which causes an error",[1499,1874,1876],{"id":1875},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[34,1878,1880],{"className":36,"code":1879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,1881,1882,1910],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1883,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1885,94],{"class":49},[43,1887,98],{"class":97},[43,1889,101],{"class":53},[43,1891,105],{"class":104},[43,1893,108],{"class":53},[43,1895,111],{"class":104},[43,1897,108],{"class":53},[43,1899,116],{"class":104},[43,1901,108],{"class":53},[43,1903,121],{"class":104},[43,1905,108],{"class":53},[43,1907,126],{"class":104},[43,1909,68],{"class":53},[43,1911,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1913,142],{"class":141},[43,1915,145],{"class":53},[43,1917,149],{"class":148},[43,1919,54],{"class":53},[43,1921,154],{"class":104},[43,1923,59],{"class":53},[43,1925,159],{"class":104},[43,1927,1547],{"class":53},[14,1929,1930],{},"This returns:",[34,1932,1934],{"className":36,"code":1933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,1935,1936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1937,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1939,54],{"class":53},[43,1941,618],{"class":104},[43,1943,108],{"class":53},[43,1945,116],{"class":104},[43,1947,108],{"class":53},[43,1949,121],{"class":104},[43,1951,68],{"class":53},[14,1953,1954,1955,1958,1959,1961,1962,79],{},"It does ",[76,1956,1957],{},"not"," include ",[18,1960,1480],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,1963,159],{},[1499,1965,1967],{"id":1966},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,1969,1970],{},"Wrong:",[34,1972,1974],{"className":36,"code":1973,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,1975,1976,1996],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1977,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1979,94],{"class":49},[43,1981,98],{"class":97},[43,1983,101],{"class":53},[43,1985,105],{"class":104},[43,1987,108],{"class":53},[43,1989,111],{"class":104},[43,1991,108],{"class":53},[43,1993,116],{"class":104},[43,1995,68],{"class":53},[43,1997,1998],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,1999,2000],{"class":165},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,2002,2003],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[34,2005,2007],{"className":36,"code":2006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,2008,2009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2010,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021,2023,2025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2012,142],{"class":141},[43,2014,145],{"class":53},[43,2016,149],{"class":148},[43,2018,54],{"class":53},[43,2020,154],{"class":104},[43,2022,59],{"class":53},[43,2024,181],{"class":104},[43,2026,1547],{"class":53},[1499,2028,2030],{"id":2029},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,2032,2033],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[34,2035,2037],{"className":36,"code":2036,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,2038,2039,2063,2078,2082,2092],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2040,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2042,94],{"class":49},[43,2044,98],{"class":97},[43,2046,101],{"class":53},[43,2048,105],{"class":104},[43,2050,108],{"class":53},[43,2052,111],{"class":104},[43,2054,108],{"class":53},[43,2056,116],{"class":104},[43,2058,108],{"class":53},[43,2060,121],{"class":104},[43,2062,68],{"class":53},[43,2064,2065,2067,2069,2072,2074,2076],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2066,319],{"class":49},[43,2068,98],{"class":97},[43,2070,2071],{"class":49}," numbers",[43,2073,178],{"class":53},[43,2075,201],{"class":104},[43,2077,68],{"class":53},[43,2079,2080],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2081,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,2083,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,2085,142],{"class":141},[43,2087,145],{"class":53},[43,2089,343],{"class":148},[43,2091,346],{"class":53},[43,2093,2094,2096,2098,2100],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,2095,142],{"class":141},[43,2097,145],{"class":53},[43,2099,149],{"class":148},[43,2101,346],{"class":53},[14,2103,349],{},[34,2105,2107],{"className":36,"code":2106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,2108,2109,2121],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2110,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2112,54],{"class":53},[43,2114,105],{"class":104},[43,2116,108],{"class":53},[43,2118,111],{"class":104},[43,2120,68],{"class":53},[43,2122,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137,2139],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2124,54],{"class":53},[43,2126,105],{"class":104},[43,2128,108],{"class":53},[43,2130,111],{"class":104},[43,2132,108],{"class":53},[43,2134,116],{"class":104},[43,2136,108],{"class":53},[43,2138,121],{"class":104},[43,2140,68],{"class":53},[14,2142,2143],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1499,2145,2147,2148,1863,2150],{"id":2146},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,2149,735],{},[18,2151,1866],{},[34,2153,2155],{"className":36,"code":2154,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,2156,2157,2177,2181,2198,2209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2158,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2160,94],{"class":49},[43,2162,98],{"class":97},[43,2164,101],{"class":53},[43,2166,105],{"class":104},[43,2168,108],{"class":53},[43,2170,111],{"class":104},[43,2172,108],{"class":53},[43,2174,116],{"class":104},[43,2176,68],{"class":53},[43,2178,2179],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,2182,2183,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2184,2185],{"class":49},"reversed_copy ",[43,2187,98],{"class":97},[43,2189,2071],{"class":49},[43,2191,198],{"class":53},[43,2193,220],{"class":97},[43,2195,154],{"class":104},[43,2197,68],{"class":53},[43,2199,2200,2202,2204,2207],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,2201,142],{"class":141},[43,2203,145],{"class":53},[43,2205,2206],{"class":148},"reversed_copy",[43,2208,346],{"class":53},[43,2210,2211,2213,2215,2217],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,2212,142],{"class":141},[43,2214,145],{"class":53},[43,2216,149],{"class":148},[43,2218,346],{"class":53},[14,2220,349],{},[34,2222,2224],{"className":36,"code":2223,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,2225,2226,2242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2227,2228,2230,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2229,54],{"class":53},[43,2231,651],{"class":104},[43,2233,108],{"class":53},[43,2235,111],{"class":104},[43,2237,108],{"class":53},[43,2239,977],{"class":104},[43,2241,68],{"class":53},[43,2243,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2245,54],{"class":53},[43,2247,105],{"class":104},[43,2249,108],{"class":53},[43,2251,111],{"class":104},[43,2253,108],{"class":53},[43,2255,116],{"class":104},[43,2257,68],{"class":53},[14,2259,2260,2263],{},[18,2261,2262],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,2265,2266,2267,2270],{},"By contrast, ",[18,2268,2269],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1499,2272,2274],{"id":2273},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,2276,2277],{},"This is not allowed:",[34,2279,2281],{"className":36,"code":2280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,2282,2283,2303],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2286,94],{"class":49},[43,2288,98],{"class":97},[43,2290,101],{"class":53},[43,2292,105],{"class":104},[43,2294,108],{"class":53},[43,2296,111],{"class":104},[43,2298,108],{"class":53},[43,2300,116],{"class":104},[43,2302,68],{"class":53},[43,2304,2305],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2306,2307],{"class":165},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,2309,2310,2311,79],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,2312,1553],{},[81,2314,2316],{"id":2315},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,2318,2319],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[389,2321,2322,2329,2335,2338,2341],{},[392,2323,1860,2324,1233,2326,2328],{},[18,2325,20],{},[18,2327,24],{}," positions",[392,2330,2331,2332,2334],{},"Assuming the ",[18,2333,24],{}," index is included",[392,2336,2337],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[392,2339,2340],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[392,2342,2343],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,2345,2346],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[34,2348,2350],{"className":36,"code":2349,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,2351,2352,2362,2378,2396,2410,2427],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2353,2354,2356,2358,2360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2355,142],{"class":141},[43,2357,145],{"class":53},[43,2359,50],{"class":148},[43,2361,346],{"class":53},[43,2363,2364,2366,2368,2371,2373,2375],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2365,142],{"class":141},[43,2367,145],{"class":53},[43,2369,2370],{"class":141},"len",[43,2372,145],{"class":53},[43,2374,50],{"class":148},[43,2376,2377],{"class":53},"))\n",[43,2379,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390,2392,2394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2381,142],{"class":141},[43,2383,145],{"class":53},[43,2385,50],{"class":148},[43,2387,54],{"class":53},[43,2389,154],{"class":104},[43,2391,59],{"class":53},[43,2393,159],{"class":104},[43,2395,1547],{"class":53},[43,2397,2398,2400,2402,2404,2406,2408],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,2399,142],{"class":141},[43,2401,145],{"class":53},[43,2403,50],{"class":148},[43,2405,178],{"class":53},[43,2407,181],{"class":104},[43,2409,1547],{"class":53},[43,2411,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,2413,142],{"class":141},[43,2415,145],{"class":53},[43,2417,50],{"class":148},[43,2419,54],{"class":53},[43,2421,220],{"class":97},[43,2423,181],{"class":104},[43,2425,2426],{"class":53},":])\n",[43,2428,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,2430,142],{"class":141},[43,2432,145],{"class":53},[43,2434,50],{"class":148},[43,2436,198],{"class":53},[43,2438,220],{"class":97},[43,2440,154],{"class":104},[43,2442,1547],{"class":53},[14,2444,2445,2446,2449,2450,2454],{},"Using ",[18,2447,2448],{},"len()"," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[269,2451,2453],{"href":2452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[81,2456,2458],{"id":2457},"faq","FAQ",[1499,2460,2462],{"id":2461},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,2464,2465],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1499,2467,2469],{"id":2468},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,2471,2472],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1499,2474,2476,2477,2479],{"id":2475},"what-does-list-1-do","What does ",[18,2478,735],{}," do?",[14,2481,2482],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1499,2484,2486,2487,2490],{"id":2485},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,2488,2489],{},"IndexError","?",[14,2492,2493],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[81,2495,2497],{"id":2496},"see-also","See also",[389,2499,2500,2505,2511,2516,2521,2525],{},[392,2501,2502],{},[269,2503,2504],{"href":418},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[392,2506,2507],{},[269,2508,2510],{"href":2509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","How to create a list in Python",[392,2512,2513],{},[269,2514,2515],{"href":985},"How to copy a list in Python",[392,2517,2518],{},[269,2519,2520],{"href":1496},"How to reverse a list in Python",[392,2522,2523],{},[269,2524,2453],{"href":2452},[392,2526,2527],{},[269,2528,1837],{"href":1836},[14,2530,2531,2532,2534],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,2533,2448],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2536,2537,2538],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":2540},[2541,2542,2543,2544,2545,2546,2549,2553,2561,2562,2570],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":240,"depth":131,"text":241},{"id":422,"depth":131,"text":423},{"id":688,"depth":131,"text":689},{"id":989,"depth":131,"text":990},{"id":1238,"depth":131,"text":1239,"children":2547},[2548],{"id":1501,"depth":138,"text":1502},{"id":1560,"depth":131,"text":1561,"children":2550},[2551,2552],{"id":1567,"depth":138,"text":1568},{"id":1629,"depth":138,"text":1630},{"id":1840,"depth":131,"text":1841,"children":2554},[2555,2556,2557,2558,2560],{"id":1875,"depth":138,"text":1876},{"id":1966,"depth":138,"text":1967},{"id":2029,"depth":138,"text":2030},{"id":2146,"depth":138,"text":2559},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":2273,"depth":138,"text":2274},{"id":2315,"depth":131,"text":2316},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":2563},[2564,2565,2566,2568],{"id":2461,"depth":138,"text":2462},{"id":2468,"depth":138,"text":2469},{"id":2475,"depth":138,"text":2567},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":2485,"depth":138,"text":2569},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":5,"description":2571},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",[2579,4179,5892,7589,9728,11931,13452,15626,17829,20288,22126,24692,26791,29073,31021,32932,34929,36369,38193,40716,42876,44104,45475,47123,49444,51288,53268,54962,56215,57906,59657,61627,63377,65477,66835,68786,70347,72335,74130,76026,78240,80318,82958,84987,86950,89138,91142,93455,95137,96582,97776,98954,100794,103234,104938,106953,108477,109722,110885,112267,114338,116235,118009,119875,121994,123734,125196,126790,128713,130390,132325,133814,136598,138175,139734,141762,143714,145177,146366,148252,149663,151359,152913,154335,155738,157636,160030,161861],{"id":2580,"title":2581,"body":2582,"description":4173,"extension":2572,"meta":4174,"navigation":134,"path":4175,"seo":4176,"stem":4177,"__hash__":4178},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2583,"toc":4145},[2584,2587,2593,2596,2607,2610,2612,2675,2677,2697,2702,2706,2711,2714,2729,2732,2757,2760,2764,2767,2783,2786,2812,2814,2874,2876,2891,2901,2912,2916,2919,2972,2974,2994,2997,3021,3028,3032,3037,3043,3045,3083,3085,3094,3100,3117,3120,3132,3136,3141,3145,3148,3169,3171,3229,3231,3239,3242,3246,3278,3280,3288,3291,3295,3300,3348,3350,3358,3362,3422,3424,3432,3435,3439,3443,3445,3468,3477,3493,3545,3547,3562,3573,3577,3580,3609,3616,3620,3625,3666,3668,3679,3682,3725,3727,3735,3739,3744,3766,3768,3777,3786,3790,3795,3817,3819,3890,3892,3942,3945,3948,3951,4031,4033,4064,4066,4070,4073,4077,4080,4084,4087,4091,4103,4107,4110,4112,4142],[10,2585,2581],{"id":2586},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2588,1242,2589,2592],{},[18,2590,2591],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2594,2595],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[389,2597,2598,2601,2604],{},[392,2599,2600],{},"a number without its negative sign",[392,2602,2603],{},"the distance between two numbers",[392,2605,2606],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2608,2609],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[81,2611,84],{"id":83},[34,2613,2615],{"className":36,"code":2614,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2616,2617,2635,2650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2618,2619,2621,2623,2626,2628,2630,2633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2620,142],{"class":141},[43,2622,145],{"class":53},[43,2624,2625],{"class":141},"abs",[43,2627,145],{"class":53},[43,2629,220],{"class":97},[43,2631,2632],{"class":104},"7",[43,2634,2377],{"class":53},[43,2636,2637,2639,2641,2643,2645,2648],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2638,142],{"class":141},[43,2640,145],{"class":53},[43,2642,2625],{"class":141},[43,2644,145],{"class":53},[43,2646,2647],{"class":104},"3.5",[43,2649,2377],{"class":53},[43,2651,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2667,2669,2673],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2653,142],{"class":141},[43,2655,145],{"class":53},[43,2657,2625],{"class":141},[43,2659,145],{"class":53},[43,2661,220],{"class":97},[43,2663,201],{"class":104},[43,2665,2666],{"class":97},"+",[43,2668,181],{"class":104},[43,2670,2672],{"class":2671},"sbsja","j",[43,2674,2377],{"class":53},[14,2676,349],{},[34,2678,2680],{"className":36,"code":2679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2681,2682,2687,2692],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2683,2684],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2685,2686],{"class":104},"7\n",[43,2688,2689],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2690,2691],{"class":104},"3.5\n",[43,2693,2694],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2695,2696],{"class":104},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2698,230,2699,2701],{},[18,2700,2591],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[81,2703,2705],{"id":2704},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2707,2708,2710],{},[18,2709,2591],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2712,2713],{},"That means:",[389,2715,2716,2719,2722],{},[392,2717,2718],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[392,2720,2721],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[392,2723,2724,2726,2727],{},[18,2725,1277],{}," stays ",[18,2728,1277],{},[14,2730,2731],{},"Examples:",[389,2733,2734,2742,2750],{},[392,2735,2736,2739,2740],{},[18,2737,2738],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2741,831],{},[392,2743,2744,2739,2747],{},[18,2745,2746],{},"abs(9)",[18,2748,2749],{},"9",[392,2751,2752,2739,2755],{},[18,2753,2754],{},"abs(0)",[18,2756,1277],{},[14,2758,2759],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[81,2761,2763],{"id":2762},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2765,2766],{},"The syntax is:",[34,2768,2770],{"className":36,"code":2769,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abs(x)\n",[18,2771,2772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2773,2774,2776,2778,2781],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2775,2625],{"class":141},[43,2777,145],{"class":53},[43,2779,2780],{"class":148},"x",[43,2782,346],{"class":53},[14,2784,2785],{},"Here:",[389,2787,2788,2804,2809],{},[392,2789,2790,2792,2793,21,2796,2799,2800,2803],{},[18,2791,2780],{}," is usually an ",[18,2794,2795],{},"int",[18,2797,2798],{},"float",", or ",[18,2801,2802],{},"complex"," number",[392,2805,2806,2808],{},[18,2807,2591],{}," returns a new value",[392,2810,2811],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2813,494],{},[34,2815,2817],{"className":36,"code":2816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2818,2819,2832,2849,2853,2863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2820,2821,2824,2826,2829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2822,2823],{"class":49},"number ",[43,2825,98],{"class":97},[43,2827,2828],{"class":97}," -",[43,2830,2831],{"class":104},"12\n",[43,2833,2834,2837,2839,2842,2844,2847],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2835,2836],{"class":49},"result ",[43,2838,98],{"class":97},[43,2840,2841],{"class":141}," abs",[43,2843,145],{"class":53},[43,2845,2846],{"class":148},"number",[43,2848,346],{"class":53},[43,2850,2851],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2852,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,2854,2855,2857,2859,2861],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,2856,142],{"class":141},[43,2858,145],{"class":53},[43,2860,2846],{"class":148},[43,2862,346],{"class":53},[43,2864,2865,2867,2869,2872],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,2866,142],{"class":141},[43,2868,145],{"class":53},[43,2870,2871],{"class":148},"result",[43,2873,346],{"class":53},[14,2875,349],{},[34,2877,2879],{"className":36,"code":2878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-12\n12\n",[18,2880,2881,2887],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2882,2883,2885],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2884,220],{"class":97},[43,2886,2831],{"class":104},[43,2888,2889],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2890,2831],{"class":104},[14,2892,2893,2894,2896,2897,2900],{},"Notice that ",[18,2895,2846],{}," is still ",[18,2898,2899],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2902,2903,2904,2911],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[269,2905,2907,2910],{"href":2906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2908,2909],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[81,2913,2915],{"id":2914},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2917,2918],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[34,2920,2922],{"className":36,"code":2921,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2923,2924,2940,2955],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2925,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2927,142],{"class":141},[43,2929,145],{"class":53},[43,2931,2625],{"class":141},[43,2933,145],{"class":53},[43,2935,220],{"class":97},[43,2937,105],{"class":104},[43,2939,2377],{"class":53},[43,2941,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2953],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2943,142],{"class":141},[43,2945,145],{"class":53},[43,2947,2625],{"class":141},[43,2949,145],{"class":53},[43,2951,2952],{"class":104},"8",[43,2954,2377],{"class":53},[43,2956,2957,2959,2961,2963,2965,2967,2970],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2958,142],{"class":141},[43,2960,145],{"class":53},[43,2962,2625],{"class":141},[43,2964,145],{"class":53},[43,2966,220],{"class":97},[43,2968,2969],{"class":104},"4.2",[43,2971,2377],{"class":53},[14,2973,349],{},[34,2975,2977],{"className":36,"code":2976,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2978,2979,2984,2989],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2980,2981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2982,2983],{"class":104},"10\n",[43,2985,2986],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,2987,2988],{"class":104},"8\n",[43,2990,2991],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,2992,2993],{"class":104},"4.2\n",[14,2995,2996],{},"What each line does:",[389,2998,2999,3007,3014],{},[392,3000,3001,3004,3005],{},[18,3002,3003],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,3006,105],{},[392,3008,3009,3004,3012],{},[18,3010,3011],{},"abs(8)",[18,3013,2952],{},[392,3015,3016,3004,3019],{},[18,3017,3018],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,3020,2969],{},[14,3022,3023,3024,79],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[269,3025,3027],{"href":3026},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[81,3029,3031],{"id":3030},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,3033,3034,3036],{},[18,3035,2591],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,3038,3039,3040,3042],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,3041,1277],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,3044,494],{},[34,3046,3048],{"className":36,"code":3047,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,3049,3050,3068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3051,3052,3055,3057,3059,3062,3065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3053,3054],{"class":49},"value ",[43,3056,98],{"class":97},[43,3058,1530],{"class":104},[43,3060,3061],{"class":97}," +",[43,3063,3064],{"class":104}," 4",[43,3066,3067],{"class":2671},"j\n",[43,3069,3070,3072,3074,3076,3078,3081],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3071,142],{"class":141},[43,3073,145],{"class":53},[43,3075,2625],{"class":141},[43,3077,145],{"class":53},[43,3079,3080],{"class":148},"value",[43,3082,2377],{"class":53},[14,3084,349],{},[34,3086,3088],{"className":36,"code":3087,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.0\n",[18,3089,3090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3091,3092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3093,3087],{"class":104},[14,3095,3096,3097,2490],{},"Why ",[18,3098,3099],{},"5.0",[389,3101,3102,3107,3112],{},[392,3103,3104,3105],{},"the real part is ",[18,3106,181],{},[392,3108,3109,3110],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,3111,159],{},[392,3113,3114,3115],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,3116,3099],{},[14,3118,3119],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[389,3121,3122,3129],{},[392,3123,3124,3126,3127],{},[18,3125,2591],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,3128,2798],{},[392,3130,3131],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[81,3133,3135],{"id":3134},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,3137,3138,3139,79],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,3140,2591],{},[1499,3142,3144],{"id":3143},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,3146,3147],{},"A very common pattern is:",[34,3149,3151],{"className":36,"code":3150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,3152,3153],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3154,3155,3157,3159,3162,3164,3167],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3156,2625],{"class":141},[43,3158,145],{"class":53},[43,3160,3161],{"class":148},"a ",[43,3163,220],{"class":97},[43,3165,3166],{"class":148}," b",[43,3168,346],{"class":53},[14,3170,494],{},[34,3172,3174],{"className":36,"code":3173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,3175,3176,3185,3195,3199,3218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3177,3178,3180,3182],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3179,3161],{"class":49},[43,3181,98],{"class":97},[43,3183,3184],{"class":104}," 3\n",[43,3186,3187,3190,3192],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3188,3189],{"class":49},"b ",[43,3191,98],{"class":97},[43,3193,3194],{"class":104}," 10\n",[43,3196,3197],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3200,3201,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212,3214,3216],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3202,3203],{"class":49},"distance ",[43,3205,98],{"class":97},[43,3207,2841],{"class":141},[43,3209,145],{"class":53},[43,3211,3161],{"class":148},[43,3213,220],{"class":97},[43,3215,3166],{"class":148},[43,3217,346],{"class":53},[43,3219,3220,3222,3224,3227],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,3221,142],{"class":141},[43,3223,145],{"class":53},[43,3225,3226],{"class":148},"distance",[43,3228,346],{"class":53},[14,3230,349],{},[34,3232,3233],{"className":36,"code":2686,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3234,3235],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3236,3237],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3238,2686],{"class":104},[14,3240,3241],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1499,3243,3245],{"id":3244},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[34,3247,3249],{"className":36,"code":3248,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,3250,3251,3263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3252,3253,3256,3258,3260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3254,3255],{"class":49},"temperature_change ",[43,3257,98],{"class":97},[43,3259,2828],{"class":97},[43,3261,3262],{"class":104},"6\n",[43,3264,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3276],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3266,142],{"class":141},[43,3268,145],{"class":53},[43,3270,2625],{"class":141},[43,3272,145],{"class":53},[43,3274,3275],{"class":148},"temperature_change",[43,3277,2377],{"class":53},[14,3279,349],{},[34,3281,3282],{"className":36,"code":3262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3283,3284],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3285,3286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3287,3262],{"class":104},[14,3289,3290],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1499,3292,3294],{"id":3293},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3296,3297,3298,2911],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,3299,2591],{},[34,3301,3303],{"className":36,"code":3302,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,3304,3305,3317,3333,3337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3306,3307,3310,3312,3314],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3308,3309],{"class":49},"balance_change ",[43,3311,98],{"class":97},[43,3313,2828],{"class":97},[43,3315,3316],{"class":104},"25\n",[43,3318,3319,3322,3324,3326,3328,3331],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3320,3321],{"class":49},"safe_value ",[43,3323,98],{"class":97},[43,3325,2841],{"class":141},[43,3327,145],{"class":53},[43,3329,3330],{"class":148},"balance_change",[43,3332,346],{"class":53},[43,3334,3335],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3336,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3338,3339,3341,3343,3346],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3340,142],{"class":141},[43,3342,145],{"class":53},[43,3344,3345],{"class":148},"safe_value",[43,3347,346],{"class":53},[14,3349,349],{},[34,3351,3352],{"className":36,"code":3316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3353,3354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3355,3356],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3357,3316],{"class":104},[1499,3359,3361],{"id":3360},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[34,3363,3365],{"className":36,"code":3364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,3366,3367,3377,3387,3391,3411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3368,3369,3372,3374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3370,3371],{"class":49},"guess ",[43,3373,98],{"class":97},[43,3375,3376],{"class":104}," 42\n",[43,3378,3379,3382,3384],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3380,3381],{"class":49},"target ",[43,3383,98],{"class":97},[43,3385,3386],{"class":104}," 50\n",[43,3388,3389],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3390,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3392,3393,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406,3409],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3394,3395],{"class":49},"difference ",[43,3397,98],{"class":97},[43,3399,2841],{"class":141},[43,3401,145],{"class":53},[43,3403,3371],{"class":148},[43,3405,220],{"class":97},[43,3407,3408],{"class":148}," target",[43,3410,346],{"class":53},[43,3412,3413,3415,3417,3420],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,3414,142],{"class":141},[43,3416,145],{"class":53},[43,3418,3419],{"class":148},"difference",[43,3421,346],{"class":53},[14,3423,349],{},[34,3425,3426],{"className":36,"code":2988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3427,3428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3429,3430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3431,2988],{"class":104},[14,3433,3434],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[81,3436,3438],{"id":3437},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1499,3440,3442],{"id":3441},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3444,1505],{},[34,3446,3448],{"className":36,"code":3447,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3449,3450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3451,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3453,142],{"class":141},[43,3455,145],{"class":53},[43,3457,2625],{"class":141},[43,3459,145],{"class":53},[43,3461,265],{"class":264},[43,3463,831],{"class":268},[43,3465,265],{"class":264},[43,3467,2377],{"class":53},[14,3469,3470,3473,3474,3476],{},[18,3471,3472],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3475,2591],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3478,3479,3480,3486,3487,59],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[269,3481,3483],{"href":3482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,3484,3485],{},"int()"," or ",[269,3488,3490],{"href":3489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3491,3492],{},"float()",[34,3494,3496],{"className":36,"code":3495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3497,3498,3522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3499,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3501,142],{"class":141},[43,3503,145],{"class":53},[43,3505,2625],{"class":141},[43,3507,145],{"class":53},[43,3509,2795],{"class":3510},"sZMiF",[43,3512,145],{"class":53},[43,3514,265],{"class":264},[43,3516,831],{"class":268},[43,3518,265],{"class":264},[43,3520,3521],{"class":53},")))\n",[43,3523,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536,3538,3541,3543],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3525,142],{"class":141},[43,3527,145],{"class":53},[43,3529,2625],{"class":141},[43,3531,145],{"class":53},[43,3533,2798],{"class":3510},[43,3535,145],{"class":53},[43,3537,265],{"class":264},[43,3539,3540],{"class":268},"-3.2",[43,3542,265],{"class":264},[43,3544,3521],{"class":53},[14,3546,349],{},[34,3548,3550],{"className":36,"code":3549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3551,3552,3557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3553,3554],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3555,3556],{"class":104},"5\n",[43,3558,3559],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3560,3561],{"class":104},"3.2\n",[14,3563,3564,3565,3568,3569,79],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3566,3567],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[269,3570,3572],{"href":3571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1499,3574,3576],{"id":3575},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3578,3579],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[34,3581,3583],{"className":36,"code":3582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3584,3585],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3586,3587,3589,3591,3593,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3588,142],{"class":141},[43,3590,145],{"class":53},[43,3592,2625],{"class":141},[43,3594,3595],{"class":53},"([",[43,3597,154],{"class":104},[43,3599,108],{"class":53},[43,3601,1525],{"class":104},[43,3603,108],{"class":53},[43,3605,1530],{"class":104},[43,3607,3608],{"class":53},"]))\n",[14,3610,3611,3612,3615],{},"This raises a ",[18,3613,3614],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1499,3617,3619],{"id":3618},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3621,3622,3624],{},[18,3623,2591],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[34,3626,3628],{"className":36,"code":3627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3629,3630,3642,3652,3656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3631,3632,3635,3637,3639],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3633,3634],{"class":49},"x ",[43,3636,98],{"class":97},[43,3638,2828],{"class":97},[43,3640,3641],{"class":104},"9\n",[43,3643,3644,3646,3648,3650],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3645,2625],{"class":141},[43,3647,145],{"class":53},[43,3649,2780],{"class":148},[43,3651,346],{"class":53},[43,3653,3654],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3655,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3657,3658,3660,3662,3664],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3659,142],{"class":141},[43,3661,145],{"class":53},[43,3663,2780],{"class":148},[43,3665,346],{"class":53},[14,3667,349],{},[34,3669,3671],{"className":36,"code":3670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-9\n",[18,3672,3673],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3674,3675,3677],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3676,220],{"class":97},[43,3678,3641],{"class":104},[14,3680,3681],{},"If you want to store the result:",[34,3683,3685],{"className":36,"code":3684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3686,3687,3697,3711,3715],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3688,3689,3691,3693,3695],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3690,3634],{"class":49},[43,3692,98],{"class":97},[43,3694,2828],{"class":97},[43,3696,3641],{"class":104},[43,3698,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3700,3634],{"class":49},[43,3702,98],{"class":97},[43,3704,2841],{"class":141},[43,3706,145],{"class":53},[43,3708,2780],{"class":148},[43,3710,346],{"class":53},[43,3712,3713],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3716,3717,3719,3721,3723],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3718,142],{"class":141},[43,3720,145],{"class":53},[43,3722,2780],{"class":148},[43,3724,346],{"class":53},[14,3726,349],{},[34,3728,3729],{"className":36,"code":3641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3730,3731],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3732,3733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3734,3641],{"class":104},[1499,3736,3738],{"id":3737},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3740,3741,3743],{},[18,3742,2591],{}," does not round numbers.",[34,3745,3747],{"className":36,"code":3746,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3748,3749],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3750,3751,3753,3755,3757,3759,3761,3764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3752,142],{"class":141},[43,3754,145],{"class":53},[43,3756,2625],{"class":141},[43,3758,145],{"class":53},[43,3760,220],{"class":97},[43,3762,3763],{"class":104},"4.7",[43,3765,2377],{"class":53},[14,3767,349],{},[34,3769,3771],{"className":36,"code":3770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4.7\n",[18,3772,3773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3774,3775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3776,3770],{"class":104},[14,3778,3779,3780,3782,3783,3785],{},"If you expected ",[18,3781,831],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3784,2591],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[81,3787,3789],{"id":3788},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3791,3792,3794],{},[18,3793,2591],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[389,3796,3797,3804,3811],{},[392,3798,3799,3801,3802],{},[18,3800,2795],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3803,2795],{},[392,3805,3806,3808,3809],{},[18,3807,2798],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3810,2798],{},[392,3812,3813,3808,3815],{},[18,3814,2802],{},[18,3816,2798],{},[14,3818,494],{},[34,3820,3822],{"className":36,"code":3821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3823,3824,3845,3866],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3825,3826,3828,3830,3833,3835,3837,3839,3841,3843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3827,142],{"class":141},[43,3829,145],{"class":53},[43,3831,3832],{"class":3510},"type",[43,3834,145],{"class":53},[43,3836,2625],{"class":141},[43,3838,145],{"class":53},[43,3840,220],{"class":97},[43,3842,831],{"class":104},[43,3844,3521],{"class":53},[43,3846,3847,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859,3861,3864],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3848,142],{"class":141},[43,3850,145],{"class":53},[43,3852,3832],{"class":3510},[43,3854,145],{"class":53},[43,3856,2625],{"class":141},[43,3858,145],{"class":53},[43,3860,220],{"class":97},[43,3862,3863],{"class":104},"3.2",[43,3865,3521],{"class":53},[43,3867,3868,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3869,142],{"class":141},[43,3871,145],{"class":53},[43,3873,3832],{"class":3510},[43,3875,145],{"class":53},[43,3877,2625],{"class":141},[43,3879,145],{"class":53},[43,3881,181],{"class":104},[43,3883,3061],{"class":97},[43,3885,3064],{"class":104},[43,3887,2672],{"class":2671},[43,3889,3521],{"class":53},[14,3891,349],{},[34,3893,3895],{"className":36,"code":3894,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3896,3897,3914,3928],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3898,3899,3902,3905,3907,3909,3911],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3900,3901],{"class":97},"\u003C",[43,3903,3904],{"class":2671},"class",[43,3906,370],{"class":264},[43,3908,2795],{"class":268},[43,3910,361],{"class":264},[43,3912,3913],{"class":97},">\n",[43,3915,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3917,3901],{"class":97},[43,3919,3904],{"class":2671},[43,3921,370],{"class":264},[43,3923,2798],{"class":268},[43,3925,361],{"class":264},[43,3927,3913],{"class":97},[43,3929,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3931,3901],{"class":97},[43,3933,3904],{"class":2671},[43,3935,370],{"class":264},[43,3937,2798],{"class":268},[43,3939,361],{"class":264},[43,3941,3913],{"class":97},[14,3943,3944],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3946,3947],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3949,3950],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[34,3952,3954],{"className":36,"code":3953,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3955,3956,3970,3980,3994,3998,4012],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3957,3958,3960,3962,3964,3967],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3959,3054],{"class":49},[43,3961,98],{"class":97},[43,3963,276],{"class":264},[43,3965,3966],{"class":268},"-5",[43,3968,3969],{"class":264},"\"\n",[43,3971,3972,3974,3976,3978],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,3973,142],{"class":141},[43,3975,145],{"class":53},[43,3977,3080],{"class":148},[43,3979,346],{"class":53},[43,3981,3982,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,3983,142],{"class":141},[43,3985,145],{"class":53},[43,3987,3832],{"class":3510},[43,3989,145],{"class":53},[43,3991,3080],{"class":148},[43,3993,2377],{"class":53},[43,3995,3996],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,3997,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,3999,4000,4003,4005,4007,4010],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,4001,4002],{"class":49},"user_input ",[43,4004,98],{"class":97},[43,4006,276],{"class":264},[43,4008,4009],{"class":268},"-3.7",[43,4011,3969],{"class":264},[43,4013,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4029],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,4015,142],{"class":141},[43,4017,145],{"class":53},[43,4019,2625],{"class":141},[43,4021,145],{"class":53},[43,4023,2798],{"class":3510},[43,4025,145],{"class":53},[43,4027,4028],{"class":148},"user_input",[43,4030,3521],{"class":53},[14,4032,349],{},[34,4034,4036],{"className":36,"code":4035,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,4037,4038,4044,4059],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4039,4040,4042],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4041,220],{"class":97},[43,4043,3556],{"class":104},[43,4045,4046,4048,4050,4052,4055,4057],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4047,3901],{"class":97},[43,4049,3904],{"class":2671},[43,4051,370],{"class":264},[43,4053,4054],{"class":268},"str",[43,4056,361],{"class":264},[43,4058,3913],{"class":97},[43,4060,4061],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,4062,4063],{"class":104},"3.7\n",[81,4065,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,4067,4069],{"id":4068},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,4071,4072],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1499,4074,4076],{"id":4075},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,4078,4079],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1499,4081,4083],{"id":4082},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,4085,4086],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1499,4088,4090],{"id":4089},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,4092,4093,4095,4096,3486,4098,4100,4101,79],{},[18,4094,3567],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,4097,3485],{},[18,4099,3492],{}," before using ",[18,4102,2591],{},[1499,4104,4106],{"id":4105},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,4108,4109],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[81,4111,2497],{"id":2496},[389,4113,4114,4121,4127,4133,4138],{},[392,4115,4116],{},[269,4117,4118,4120],{"href":3482},[18,4119,3485],{}," function explained",[392,4122,4123],{},[269,4124,4125,4120],{"href":3489},[18,4126,3492],{},[392,4128,4129],{},[269,4130,4131,4120],{"href":2906},[18,4132,2909],{},[392,4134,4135],{},[269,4136,4137],{"href":3571},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[392,4139,4140],{},[269,4141,3027],{"href":3026},[2536,4143,4144],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":4146},[4147,4148,4149,4150,4151,4152,4158,4164,4165,4172],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":2704,"depth":131,"text":2705},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":2914,"depth":131,"text":2915},{"id":3030,"depth":131,"text":3031},{"id":3134,"depth":131,"text":3135,"children":4153},[4154,4155,4156,4157],{"id":3143,"depth":138,"text":3144},{"id":3244,"depth":138,"text":3245},{"id":3293,"depth":138,"text":3294},{"id":3360,"depth":138,"text":3361},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":4159},[4160,4161,4162,4163],{"id":3441,"depth":138,"text":3442},{"id":3575,"depth":138,"text":3576},{"id":3618,"depth":138,"text":3619},{"id":3737,"depth":138,"text":3738},{"id":3788,"depth":131,"text":3789},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":4166},[4167,4168,4169,4170,4171],{"id":4068,"depth":138,"text":4069},{"id":4075,"depth":138,"text":4076},{"id":4082,"depth":138,"text":4083},{"id":4089,"depth":138,"text":4090},{"id":4105,"depth":138,"text":4106},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2581,"description":4173},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4180,"title":4181,"body":4182,"description":5886,"extension":2572,"meta":5887,"navigation":134,"path":5888,"seo":5889,"stem":5890,"__hash__":5891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4183,"toc":5850},[4184,4192,4198,4201,4218,4222,4276,4286,4293,4297,4316,4319,4336,4339,4343,4351,4368,4371,4411,4414,4421,4427,4504,4506,4537,4543,4547,4551,4590,4592,4601,4608,4612,4651,4653,4662,4672,4676,4732,4734,4742,4745,4748,4795,4797,4805,4811,4818,4823,4826,4829,4895,4897,4905,4908,4975,4977,4985,4999,5002,5013,5017,5023,5026,5028,5044,5046,5054,5057,5060,5063,5080,5083,5086,5116,5118,5131,5135,5139,5142,5157,5162,5165,5192,5199,5202,5242,5248,5254,5262,5265,5317,5323,5387,5392,5401,5404,5422,5428,5431,5573,5579,5584,5587,5598,5601,5657,5659,5667,5670,5728,5730,5738,5741,5752,5754,5760,5769,5778,5781,5788,5791,5800,5813,5815,5847],[10,4185,4187,4188,4191],{"id":4186},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,4189,4190],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,4193,4194,4195,4197],{},"Python’s ",[18,4196,4190],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,4199,4200],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[389,4202,4203,4206,4209],{},[392,4204,4205],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[392,4207,4208],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[392,4210,4211,3004,4214,4217],{},[18,4212,4213],{},"all([])",[18,4215,4216],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[81,4219,4221],{"id":4220},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[34,4223,4225],{"className":36,"code":4224,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,4226,4227,4247,4262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4228,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4230,94],{"class":49},[43,4232,98],{"class":97},[43,4234,101],{"class":53},[43,4236,154],{"class":104},[43,4238,108],{"class":53},[43,4240,1525],{"class":104},[43,4242,108],{"class":53},[43,4244,1530],{"class":104},[43,4246,68],{"class":53},[43,4248,4249,4251,4253,4256,4258,4260],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4250,2836],{"class":49},[43,4252,98],{"class":97},[43,4254,4255],{"class":141}," all",[43,4257,145],{"class":53},[43,4259,149],{"class":148},[43,4261,346],{"class":53},[43,4263,4264,4266,4268,4270,4273],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,4265,142],{"class":141},[43,4267,145],{"class":53},[43,4269,2871],{"class":148},[43,4271,4272],{"class":53},")",[43,4274,4275],{"class":165},"  # True\n",[14,4277,4278,3004,4280,4282,4283,79],{},[18,4279,4190],{},[18,4281,4216],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,4284,4285],{},"False",[81,4287,4289,4290,4292],{"id":4288},"what-all-does","What ",[18,4291,4190],{}," does",[14,4294,4295,59],{},[18,4296,4190],{},[389,4298,4299,4302,4308,4313],{},[392,4300,4301],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[392,4303,4304,4305,4307],{},"returns ",[18,4306,4216],{}," if all items are truthy",[392,4309,4304,4310,4312],{},[18,4311,4285],{}," if any item is falsy",[392,4314,4315],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4317,4318],{},"Basic syntax:",[34,4320,4322],{"className":36,"code":4321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"all(iterable)\n",[18,4323,4324],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4325,4326,4329,4331,4334],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4327,4328],{"class":141},"all",[43,4330,145],{"class":53},[43,4332,4333],{"class":148},"iterable",[43,4335,346],{"class":53},[14,4337,4338],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[81,4340,4342],{"id":4341},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4344,4345,4346,3486,4348,4350],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,4347,4216],{},[18,4349,4285],{}," in conditions.",[389,4352,4353,4361],{},[392,4354,4355,4358,4359],{},[76,4356,4357],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,4360,4216],{},[392,4362,4363,4358,4366],{},[76,4364,4365],{},"Falsy",[18,4367,4285],{},[14,4369,4370],{},"Common falsy values include:",[389,4372,4373,4377,4382,4387,4392,4396,4401,4406],{},[392,4374,4375],{},[18,4376,1277],{},[392,4378,4379],{},[18,4380,4381],{},"0.0",[392,4383,4384],{},[18,4385,4386],{},"''",[392,4388,4389],{},[18,4390,4391],{},"None",[392,4393,4394],{},[18,4395,4285],{},[392,4397,4398],{},[18,4399,4400],{},"[]",[392,4402,4403],{},[18,4404,4405],{},"{}",[392,4407,4408],{},[18,4409,4410],{},"set()",[14,4412,4413],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4415,4416,4417,79],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[269,4418,4420],{"href":4419},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4422,4423,4424,59],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4425,4426],{},"bool()",[34,4428,4430],{"className":36,"code":4429,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4431,4432,4470,4474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4433,4434,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4448,4450,4453,4455,4457,4460,4462,4464,4468],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4435,4436],{"class":49},"values ",[43,4438,98],{"class":97},[43,4440,101],{"class":53},[43,4442,154],{"class":104},[43,4444,108],{"class":53},[43,4446,4447],{"class":104}," 0",[43,4449,108],{"class":53},[43,4451,4452],{"class":264}," ''",[43,4454,108],{"class":53},[43,4456,370],{"class":264},[43,4458,4459],{"class":268},"hello",[43,4461,361],{"class":264},[43,4463,108],{"class":53},[43,4465,4467],{"class":4466},"s39Yj"," None",[43,4469,68],{"class":53},[43,4471,4472],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4473,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,4475,4476,4478,4480,4483,4485,4487,4489,4493,4496,4499,4502],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,4477,142],{"class":141},[43,4479,3595],{"class":53},[43,4481,4482],{"class":3510},"bool",[43,4484,145],{"class":53},[43,4486,2780],{"class":148},[43,4488,4272],{"class":53},[43,4490,4492],{"class":4491},"sVHd0"," for",[43,4494,4495],{"class":148}," x ",[43,4497,4498],{"class":4491},"in",[43,4500,4501],{"class":148}," values",[43,4503,1547],{"class":53},[14,4505,349],{},[34,4507,4509],{"className":36,"code":4508,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4510,4511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4512,4513,4515,4517,4519,4522,4524,4526,4528,4531,4533,4535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4514,54],{"class":53},[43,4516,4216],{"class":4466},[43,4518,108],{"class":53},[43,4520,4521],{"class":4466}," False",[43,4523,108],{"class":53},[43,4525,4521],{"class":4466},[43,4527,108],{"class":53},[43,4529,4530],{"class":4466}," True",[43,4532,108],{"class":53},[43,4534,4521],{"class":4466},[43,4536,68],{"class":53},[14,4538,4539,4540,4542],{},"This matters because ",[18,4541,4190],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[81,4544,4546],{"id":4545},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1499,4548,4550],{"id":4549},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[34,4552,4554],{"className":36,"code":4553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4555,4556,4576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4557,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4559,94],{"class":49},[43,4561,98],{"class":97},[43,4563,101],{"class":53},[43,4565,154],{"class":104},[43,4567,108],{"class":53},[43,4569,1525],{"class":104},[43,4571,108],{"class":53},[43,4573,1530],{"class":104},[43,4575,68],{"class":53},[43,4577,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4579,142],{"class":141},[43,4581,145],{"class":53},[43,4583,4328],{"class":141},[43,4585,145],{"class":53},[43,4587,149],{"class":148},[43,4589,2377],{"class":53},[14,4591,349],{},[34,4593,4595],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n",[18,4596,4597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4598,4599],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4600,4594],{"class":4466},[14,4602,4603,4604,3004,4606,79],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4605,4190],{},[18,4607,4216],{},[1499,4609,4611],{"id":4610},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[34,4613,4615],{"className":36,"code":4614,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4616,4617,4637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4618,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4620,94],{"class":49},[43,4622,98],{"class":97},[43,4624,101],{"class":53},[43,4626,154],{"class":104},[43,4628,108],{"class":53},[43,4630,4447],{"class":104},[43,4632,108],{"class":53},[43,4634,1530],{"class":104},[43,4636,68],{"class":53},[43,4638,4639,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4640,142],{"class":141},[43,4642,145],{"class":53},[43,4644,4328],{"class":141},[43,4646,145],{"class":53},[43,4648,149],{"class":148},[43,4650,2377],{"class":53},[14,4652,349],{},[34,4654,4656],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\n",[18,4657,4658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4659,4660],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4661,4655],{"class":4466},[14,4663,4664,4665,4667,4668,3004,4670,79],{},"The value ",[18,4666,1277],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4669,4190],{},[18,4671,4285],{},[1499,4673,4675],{"id":4674},"example-strings","Example: strings",[34,4677,4679],{"className":36,"code":4678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4680,4681,4717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4682,4683,4686,4688,4690,4692,4695,4697,4699,4701,4704,4706,4708,4710,4713,4715],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4684,4685],{"class":49},"words ",[43,4687,98],{"class":97},[43,4689,101],{"class":53},[43,4691,361],{"class":264},[43,4693,4694],{"class":268},"apple",[43,4696,361],{"class":264},[43,4698,108],{"class":53},[43,4700,370],{"class":264},[43,4702,4703],{"class":268},"banana",[43,4705,361],{"class":264},[43,4707,108],{"class":53},[43,4709,370],{"class":264},[43,4711,4712],{"class":268},"cherry",[43,4714,361],{"class":264},[43,4716,68],{"class":53},[43,4718,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4730],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4720,142],{"class":141},[43,4722,145],{"class":53},[43,4724,4328],{"class":141},[43,4726,145],{"class":53},[43,4728,4729],{"class":148},"words",[43,4731,2377],{"class":53},[14,4733,349],{},[34,4735,4736],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4737,4738],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4739,4740],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4741,4594],{"class":4466},[14,4743,4744],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4746,4747],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[34,4749,4751],{"className":36,"code":4750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4752,4753,4781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4754,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4756,4685],{"class":49},[43,4758,98],{"class":97},[43,4760,101],{"class":53},[43,4762,361],{"class":264},[43,4764,4694],{"class":268},[43,4766,361],{"class":264},[43,4768,108],{"class":53},[43,4770,4452],{"class":264},[43,4772,108],{"class":53},[43,4774,370],{"class":264},[43,4776,4712],{"class":268},[43,4778,361],{"class":264},[43,4780,68],{"class":53},[43,4782,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4784,142],{"class":141},[43,4786,145],{"class":53},[43,4788,4328],{"class":141},[43,4790,145],{"class":53},[43,4792,4729],{"class":148},[43,4794,2377],{"class":53},[14,4796,349],{},[34,4798,4799],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4800,4801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4802,4803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4804,4655],{"class":4466},[14,4806,4807,4808,4810],{},"The empty string ",[18,4809,4386],{}," is falsy.",[81,4812,4814,4815,4817],{"id":4813},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4816,4190],{}," works with conditions",[14,4819,4820,4822],{},[18,4821,4190],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4824,4825],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4827,4828],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[34,4830,4832],{"className":36,"code":4831,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4833,4834,4854,4881,4885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4835,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4837,94],{"class":49},[43,4839,98],{"class":97},[43,4841,101],{"class":53},[43,4843,154],{"class":104},[43,4845,108],{"class":53},[43,4847,1525],{"class":104},[43,4849,108],{"class":53},[43,4851,1530],{"class":104},[43,4853,68],{"class":53},[43,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4857,2836],{"class":49},[43,4859,98],{"class":97},[43,4861,4255],{"class":141},[43,4863,145],{"class":53},[43,4865,3634],{"class":148},[43,4867,4868],{"class":97},">",[43,4870,4447],{"class":104},[43,4872,4492],{"class":4491},[43,4874,4495],{"class":148},[43,4876,4498],{"class":4491},[43,4878,2071],{"class":148},[43,4880,346],{"class":53},[43,4882,4883],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,4884,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,4886,4887,4889,4891,4893],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,4888,142],{"class":141},[43,4890,145],{"class":53},[43,4892,2871],{"class":148},[43,4894,346],{"class":53},[14,4896,349],{},[34,4898,4899],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4900,4901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4902,4903],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4904,4594],{"class":4466},[14,4906,4907],{},"Here is one that fails:",[34,4909,4911],{"className":36,"code":4910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4912,4913,4935,4961,4965],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4914,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4916,94],{"class":49},[43,4918,98],{"class":97},[43,4920,101],{"class":53},[43,4922,154],{"class":104},[43,4924,108],{"class":53},[43,4926,2828],{"class":97},[43,4928,201],{"class":104},[43,4930,108],{"class":53},[43,4932,1530],{"class":104},[43,4934,68],{"class":53},[43,4936,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,4938,2836],{"class":49},[43,4940,98],{"class":97},[43,4942,4255],{"class":141},[43,4944,145],{"class":53},[43,4946,3634],{"class":148},[43,4948,4868],{"class":97},[43,4950,4447],{"class":104},[43,4952,4492],{"class":4491},[43,4954,4495],{"class":148},[43,4956,4498],{"class":4491},[43,4958,2071],{"class":148},[43,4960,346],{"class":53},[43,4962,4963],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,4964,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,4966,4967,4969,4971,4973],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,4968,142],{"class":141},[43,4970,145],{"class":53},[43,4972,2871],{"class":148},[43,4974,346],{"class":53},[14,4976,349],{},[34,4978,4979],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4980,4981],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4982,4983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4984,4655],{"class":4466},[14,4986,4987,4988,4991,4992,4994,4995,3004,4997,79],{},"The expression ",[18,4989,4990],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4993,4216],{},", then ",[18,4996,4190],{},[18,4998,4216],{},[14,5000,5001],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,5003,5004,5005,1233,5009,79],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[269,5006,5008],{"href":5007},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[269,5010,5012],{"href":5011},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[81,5014,5016],{"id":5015},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,5018,5019,3004,5021,79],{},[18,5020,4213],{},[18,5022,4216],{},[14,5024,5025],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,5027,494],{},[34,5029,5031],{"className":36,"code":5030,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([]))\n",[18,5032,5033],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5034,5035,5037,5039,5041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5036,142],{"class":141},[43,5038,145],{"class":53},[43,5040,4328],{"class":141},[43,5042,5043],{"class":53},"([]))\n",[14,5045,349],{},[34,5047,5048],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5049,5050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5051,5052],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5053,4594],{"class":4466},[14,5055,5056],{},"Why?",[14,5058,5059],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,5061,5062],{},"Think of it this way:",[389,5064,5065,5072,5075],{},[392,5066,5067,3004,5069,5071],{},[18,5068,4190],{},[18,5070,4285],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[392,5073,5074],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[392,5076,5077,5078],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,5079,4285],{},[14,5081,5082],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,5084,5085],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[34,5087,5089],{"className":36,"code":5088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,5090,5091,5102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5092,5093,5095,5097,5099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5094,142],{"class":141},[43,5096,145],{"class":53},[43,5098,4328],{"class":141},[43,5100,5101],{"class":53},"(()))\n",[43,5103,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5105,142],{"class":141},[43,5107,145],{"class":53},[43,5109,4328],{"class":141},[43,5111,145],{"class":53},[43,5113,4386],{"class":264},[43,5115,2377],{"class":53},[14,5117,349],{},[34,5119,5121],{"className":36,"code":5120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\n",[18,5122,5123,5127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5124,5125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5126,4594],{"class":4466},[43,5128,5129],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5130,4594],{"class":4466},[81,5132,5134],{"id":5133},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1499,5136,5138],{"id":5137},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,5140,5141],{},"This is wrong:",[34,5143,5145],{"className":36,"code":5144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,5146,5147,5152],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5148,5149],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5150,5151],{"class":165},"# Wrong\n",[43,5153,5154],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5155,5156],{"class":165},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,5158,5159,5161],{},[18,5160,4190],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,5163,5164],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[34,5166,5168],{"className":36,"code":5167,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,5169,5170],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5171,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5173,142],{"class":141},[43,5175,145],{"class":53},[43,5177,4328],{"class":141},[43,5179,3595],{"class":53},[43,5181,154],{"class":104},[43,5183,108],{"class":53},[43,5185,1525],{"class":104},[43,5187,108],{"class":53},[43,5189,1530],{"class":104},[43,5191,3608],{"class":53},[1499,5193,5195,5196,5198],{"id":5194},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,5197,4190],{}," compares values automatically",[14,5200,5201],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[34,5203,5205],{"className":36,"code":5204,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,5206,5207,5228],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5208,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5222,5224,5226],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5210,94],{"class":49},[43,5212,98],{"class":97},[43,5214,101],{"class":53},[43,5216,831],{"class":104},[43,5218,108],{"class":53},[43,5220,5221],{"class":104}," 5",[43,5223,108],{"class":53},[43,5225,5221],{"class":104},[43,5227,68],{"class":53},[43,5229,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5231,142],{"class":141},[43,5233,145],{"class":53},[43,5235,4328],{"class":141},[43,5237,145],{"class":53},[43,5239,149],{"class":148},[43,5241,2377],{"class":53},[14,5243,5244,5245,5247],{},"This does ",[76,5246,1957],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,5249,5250,5251,5253],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,5252,831],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[34,5255,5256],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5257,5258],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5259,5260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5261,4594],{"class":4466},[14,5263,5264],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[34,5266,5268],{"className":36,"code":5267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,5269,5270,5290],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5271,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5273,94],{"class":49},[43,5275,98],{"class":97},[43,5277,101],{"class":53},[43,5279,831],{"class":104},[43,5281,108],{"class":53},[43,5283,5221],{"class":104},[43,5285,108],{"class":53},[43,5287,5221],{"class":104},[43,5289,68],{"class":53},[43,5291,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5305,5307,5309,5311,5313,5315],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5293,142],{"class":141},[43,5295,145],{"class":53},[43,5297,4328],{"class":141},[43,5299,145],{"class":53},[43,5301,3634],{"class":148},[43,5303,5304],{"class":97},"==",[43,5306,5221],{"class":104},[43,5308,4492],{"class":4491},[43,5310,4495],{"class":148},[43,5312,4498],{"class":4491},[43,5314,2071],{"class":148},[43,5316,2377],{"class":53},[1499,5318,1849,5320,5322],{"id":5319},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[18,5321,1277],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[34,5324,5326],{"className":36,"code":5325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,5327,5328,5354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5329,5330,5332,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5331,142],{"class":141},[43,5333,145],{"class":53},[43,5335,4328],{"class":141},[43,5337,3595],{"class":53},[43,5339,154],{"class":104},[43,5341,108],{"class":53},[43,5343,1525],{"class":104},[43,5345,108],{"class":53},[43,5347,4447],{"class":104},[43,5349,5350],{"class":53},"]))",[43,5352,5353],{"class":165},"       # False\n",[43,5355,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5357,142],{"class":141},[43,5359,145],{"class":53},[43,5361,4328],{"class":141},[43,5363,3595],{"class":53},[43,5365,361],{"class":264},[43,5367,269],{"class":268},[43,5369,361],{"class":264},[43,5371,108],{"class":53},[43,5373,370],{"class":264},[43,5375,279],{"class":268},[43,5377,361],{"class":264},[43,5379,108],{"class":53},[43,5381,4452],{"class":264},[43,5383,5350],{"class":53},[43,5385,5386],{"class":165},"  # False\n",[14,5388,5389,5390,79],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,5391,4285],{},[1499,5393,5395,5396,5398,5399],{"id":5394},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,5397,4213],{}," is ",[18,5400,4216],{},[14,5402,5403],{},"This is expected behavior:",[34,5405,5407],{"className":36,"code":5406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,5408,5409],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5410,5411,5413,5415,5417,5420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5412,142],{"class":141},[43,5414,145],{"class":53},[43,5416,4328],{"class":141},[43,5418,5419],{"class":53},"([]))",[43,5421,4275],{"class":165},[14,5423,5424,5425,5427],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5426,4216],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5429,5430],{},"Useful quick tests:",[34,5432,5434],{"className":36,"code":5433,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5435,5436,5458,5480,5527,5563],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5437,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5439,142],{"class":141},[43,5441,145],{"class":53},[43,5443,4328],{"class":141},[43,5445,3595],{"class":53},[43,5447,154],{"class":104},[43,5449,108],{"class":53},[43,5451,1525],{"class":104},[43,5453,108],{"class":53},[43,5455,1530],{"class":104},[43,5457,3608],{"class":53},[43,5459,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5461,142],{"class":141},[43,5463,145],{"class":53},[43,5465,4328],{"class":141},[43,5467,3595],{"class":53},[43,5469,154],{"class":104},[43,5471,108],{"class":53},[43,5473,4447],{"class":104},[43,5475,108],{"class":53},[43,5477,1530],{"class":104},[43,5479,3608],{"class":53},[43,5481,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512,5514,5516,5518,5520,5522,5524],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,5483,142],{"class":141},[43,5485,3595],{"class":53},[43,5487,4482],{"class":3510},[43,5489,145],{"class":53},[43,5491,2780],{"class":148},[43,5493,4272],{"class":53},[43,5495,4492],{"class":4491},[43,5497,4495],{"class":148},[43,5499,4498],{"class":4491},[43,5501,101],{"class":53},[43,5503,154],{"class":104},[43,5505,108],{"class":53},[43,5507,4447],{"class":104},[43,5509,108],{"class":53},[43,5511,4452],{"class":264},[43,5513,108],{"class":53},[43,5515,370],{"class":264},[43,5517,4459],{"class":268},[43,5519,361],{"class":264},[43,5521,108],{"class":53},[43,5523,4467],{"class":4466},[43,5525,5526],{"class":53},"]])\n",[43,5528,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,5530,142],{"class":141},[43,5532,145],{"class":53},[43,5534,4328],{"class":141},[43,5536,145],{"class":53},[43,5538,3634],{"class":148},[43,5540,4868],{"class":97},[43,5542,4447],{"class":104},[43,5544,4492],{"class":4491},[43,5546,4495],{"class":148},[43,5548,4498],{"class":4491},[43,5550,101],{"class":53},[43,5552,154],{"class":104},[43,5554,108],{"class":53},[43,5556,1525],{"class":104},[43,5558,108],{"class":53},[43,5560,1530],{"class":104},[43,5562,3608],{"class":53},[43,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,5566,142],{"class":141},[43,5568,145],{"class":53},[43,5570,4328],{"class":141},[43,5572,5043],{"class":53},[81,5574,5576,5577],{"id":5575},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5578,4190],{},[14,5580,5581,5583],{},[18,5582,4190],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5585,5586],{},"Common use cases:",[389,5588,5589,5592,5595],{},[392,5590,5591],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[392,5593,5594],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[392,5596,5597],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5599,5600],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[34,5602,5604],{"className":36,"code":5603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5605,5606,5642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5607,5608,5611,5613,5615,5617,5620,5622,5624,5626,5629,5631,5633,5635,5638,5640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5609,5610],{"class":49},"names ",[43,5612,98],{"class":97},[43,5614,101],{"class":53},[43,5616,361],{"class":264},[43,5618,5619],{"class":268},"Alice",[43,5621,361],{"class":264},[43,5623,108],{"class":53},[43,5625,370],{"class":264},[43,5627,5628],{"class":268},"Bob",[43,5630,361],{"class":264},[43,5632,108],{"class":53},[43,5634,370],{"class":264},[43,5636,5637],{"class":268},"Charlie",[43,5639,361],{"class":264},[43,5641,68],{"class":53},[43,5643,5644,5646,5648,5650,5652,5655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5645,142],{"class":141},[43,5647,145],{"class":53},[43,5649,4328],{"class":141},[43,5651,145],{"class":53},[43,5653,5654],{"class":148},"names",[43,5656,2377],{"class":53},[14,5658,349],{},[34,5660,5661],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5662,5663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5664,5665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5666,4594],{"class":4466},[14,5668,5669],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[34,5671,5673],{"className":36,"code":5672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5674,5675,5698],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5676,5677,5680,5682,5684,5687,5689,5692,5694,5696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5678,5679],{"class":49},"scores ",[43,5681,98],{"class":97},[43,5683,101],{"class":53},[43,5685,5686],{"class":104},"75",[43,5688,108],{"class":53},[43,5690,5691],{"class":104}," 80",[43,5693,108],{"class":53},[43,5695,126],{"class":104},[43,5697,68],{"class":53},[43,5699,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5711,5714,5716,5718,5721,5723,5726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5701,142],{"class":141},[43,5703,145],{"class":53},[43,5705,4328],{"class":141},[43,5707,145],{"class":53},[43,5709,5710],{"class":148},"score ",[43,5712,5713],{"class":97},">=",[43,5715,126],{"class":104},[43,5717,4492],{"class":4491},[43,5719,5720],{"class":148}," score ",[43,5722,4498],{"class":4491},[43,5724,5725],{"class":148}," scores",[43,5727,2377],{"class":53},[14,5729,349],{},[34,5731,5732],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5733,5734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5735,5736],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5737,4594],{"class":4466},[14,5739,5740],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5742,5743,5744,1233,5748,79],{},"For related tasks, see ",[269,5745,5747],{"href":5746},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[269,5749,5751],{"href":5750},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[81,5753,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,5755,2476,5757,5759],{"id":5756},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[18,5758,4190],{}," return in Python?",[14,5761,5762,5763,5765,5766,5768],{},"It returns ",[18,5764,4216],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5767,4285],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1499,5770,5772,5773,5775,5776,2490],{"id":5771},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5774,4213],{}," return ",[18,5777,4216],{},[14,5779,5780],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1499,5782,5784,5785,5787],{"id":5783},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5786,4190],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5789,5790],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1499,5792,5794,5795,1233,5797,2490],{"id":5793},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5796,4190],{},[18,5798,5799],{},"any()",[14,5801,5802,5804,5805,5807,5808,79],{},[18,5803,4190],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5806,5799],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[269,5809,4187,5811,4120],{"href":5810},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5812,5799],{},[81,5814,2497],{"id":2496},[389,5816,5817,5823,5827,5832,5837,5842],{},[392,5818,5819],{},[269,5820,4187,5821,4120],{"href":5810},[18,5822,5799],{},[392,5824,5825],{},[269,5826,4420],{"href":4419},[392,5828,5829],{},[269,5830,5831],{"href":5750},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[392,5833,5834],{},[269,5835,5836],{"href":5746},"How to filter a list in Python",[392,5838,5839],{},[269,5840,5841],{"href":5007},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[392,5843,5844],{},[269,5845,5846],{"href":5011},"What is an iterable in Python",[2536,5848,5849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":5851},[5852,5853,5855,5856,5861,5863,5864,5873,5875,5885],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":4288,"depth":131,"text":5854},"What all() does",{"id":4341,"depth":131,"text":4342},{"id":4545,"depth":131,"text":4546,"children":5857},[5858,5859,5860],{"id":4549,"depth":138,"text":4550},{"id":4610,"depth":138,"text":4611},{"id":4674,"depth":138,"text":4675},{"id":4813,"depth":131,"text":5862},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5015,"depth":131,"text":5016},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":5865},[5866,5867,5869,5871],{"id":5137,"depth":138,"text":5138},{"id":5194,"depth":138,"text":5868},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5319,"depth":138,"text":5870},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5394,"depth":138,"text":5872},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5575,"depth":131,"text":5874},"When to use all()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":5876},[5877,5879,5881,5883],{"id":5756,"depth":138,"text":5878},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5771,"depth":138,"text":5880},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5783,"depth":138,"text":5882},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5793,"depth":138,"text":5884},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4181,"description":5886},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5893,"title":5894,"body":5895,"description":7584,"extension":2572,"meta":7585,"navigation":134,"path":5810,"seo":7586,"stem":7587,"__hash__":7588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5896,"toc":7562},[5897,5900,5908,5911,5928,5936,5980,5989,5993,5998,6001,6018,6021,6032,6044,6048,6051,6066,6071,6074,6086,6088,6173,6176,6197,6203,6205,6213,6227,6229,6263,6265,6268,6329,6331,6348,6351,6378,6380,6388,6400,6404,6407,6446,6448,6456,6458,6474,6482,6485,6528,6530,6538,6543,6547,6555,6558,6584,6587,6590,6663,6665,6673,6680,6704,6715,6718,6797,6799,6807,6814,6818,6823,6838,6840,6848,6851,6857,6860,6906,6908,6925,6929,6934,6945,6948,7062,7065,7124,7130,7132,7137,7141,7143,7162,7168,7171,7190,7194,7203,7230,7232,7240,7248,7252,7258,7281,7283,7291,7298,7302,7305,7356,7359,7410,7413,7415,7419,7426,7430,7437,7441,7449,7453,7456,7478,7480,7530,7532,7559],[10,5898,5894],{"id":5899},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5901,5902,5904,5905,79],{},[18,5903,5799],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[76,5906,5907],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5909,5910],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[389,5912,5913,5916,5919,5922,5925],{},[392,5914,5915],{},"lists",[392,5917,5918],{},"tuples",[392,5920,5921],{},"sets",[392,5923,5924],{},"strings",[392,5926,5927],{},"generator expressions",[14,5929,5930,5931,3486,5933,5935],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5932,4216],{},[18,5934,4285],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[34,5937,5939],{"className":36,"code":5938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5940,5941,5961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5942,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953,5955,5957,5959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5944,4436],{"class":49},[43,5946,98],{"class":97},[43,5948,101],{"class":53},[43,5950,1277],{"class":104},[43,5952,108],{"class":53},[43,5954,4452],{"class":264},[43,5956,108],{"class":53},[43,5958,5221],{"class":104},[43,5960,68],{"class":53},[43,5962,5963,5965,5967,5970,5972,5975,5978],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,5964,142],{"class":141},[43,5966,145],{"class":53},[43,5968,5969],{"class":141},"any",[43,5971,145],{"class":53},[43,5973,5974],{"class":148},"values",[43,5976,5977],{"class":53},"))",[43,5979,4275],{"class":165},[14,5981,230,5982,5985,5986,5988],{},[18,5983,5984],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5987,4216],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[81,5990,5992],{"id":5991},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5994,5995,5997],{},[18,5996,5799],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5999,6000],{},"It returns:",[389,6002,6003,6008,6013],{},[392,6004,6005,6007],{},[18,6006,4216],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[392,6009,6010,6012],{},[18,6011,4285],{}," if all items are falsy",[392,6014,6015,6017],{},[18,6016,4285],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,6019,6020],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[389,6022,6023,6026,6029],{},[392,6024,6025],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[392,6027,6028],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[392,6030,6031],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,6033,6034,6035,6038,6039,79],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[76,6036,6037],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[269,6040,6042],{"href":6041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,6043,4190],{},[81,6045,6047],{"id":6046},"syntax","Syntax",[14,6049,6050],{},"The syntax is simple:",[34,6052,6054],{"className":36,"code":6053,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"any(iterable)\n",[18,6055,6056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6057,6058,6060,6062,6064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6059,5969],{"class":141},[43,6061,145],{"class":53},[43,6063,4333],{"class":148},[43,6065,346],{"class":53},[14,6067,6068,6069,79],{},"The argument must be an ",[76,6070,4333],{},[14,6072,6073],{},"Common inputs include:",[389,6075,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084],{},[392,6077,5915],{},[392,6079,5918],{},[392,6081,5921],{},[392,6083,5924],{},[392,6085,5927],{},[14,6087,996],{},[34,6089,6091],{"className":36,"code":6090,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,6092,6093,6116,6135,6155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6094,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109,6111,6114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6096,142],{"class":141},[43,6098,145],{"class":53},[43,6100,5969],{"class":141},[43,6102,3595],{"class":53},[43,6104,1277],{"class":104},[43,6106,108],{"class":53},[43,6108,4447],{"class":104},[43,6110,108],{"class":53},[43,6112,6113],{"class":104}," 1",[43,6115,3608],{"class":53},[43,6117,6118,6120,6122,6124,6127,6129,6131,6133],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6119,142],{"class":141},[43,6121,145],{"class":53},[43,6123,5969],{"class":141},[43,6125,6126],{"class":53},"((",[43,6128,4285],{"class":4466},[43,6130,108],{"class":53},[43,6132,4521],{"class":4466},[43,6134,3521],{"class":53},[43,6136,6137,6139,6141,6143,6146,6148,6150,6152],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6138,142],{"class":141},[43,6140,145],{"class":53},[43,6142,5969],{"class":141},[43,6144,6145],{"class":53},"({",[43,6147,1277],{"class":104},[43,6149,108],{"class":53},[43,6151,1525],{"class":104},[43,6153,6154],{"class":53},"}))\n",[43,6156,6157,6159,6161,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,6158,142],{"class":141},[43,6160,145],{"class":53},[43,6162,5969],{"class":141},[43,6164,145],{"class":53},[43,6166,265],{"class":264},[43,6168,4459],{"class":268},[43,6170,265],{"class":264},[43,6172,2377],{"class":53},[14,6174,6175],{},"Expected output:",[34,6177,6179],{"className":36,"code":6178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,6180,6181,6185,6189,6193],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6182,6183],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6184,4594],{"class":4466},[43,6186,6187],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6188,4655],{"class":4466},[43,6190,6191],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6192,4594],{"class":4466},[43,6194,6195],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,6196,4594],{"class":4466},[14,6198,6199,6200,79],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[269,6201,5751],{"href":6202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[81,6204,4342],{"id":4341},[14,6206,4345,6207,3486,6210,4350],{},[76,6208,6209],{},"truthy",[76,6211,6212],{},"falsy",[389,6214,6215,6221],{},[392,6216,6217,4358,6219],{},[76,6218,4357],{},[18,6220,4216],{},[392,6222,6223,4358,6225],{},[76,6224,4365],{},[18,6226,4285],{},[14,6228,4370],{},[389,6230,6231,6235,6239,6243,6247,6251,6255,6259],{},[392,6232,6233],{},[18,6234,4285],{},[392,6236,6237],{},[18,6238,1277],{},[392,6240,6241],{},[18,6242,4381],{},[392,6244,6245],{},[18,6246,4386],{},[392,6248,6249],{},[18,6250,4400],{},[392,6252,6253],{},[18,6254,4405],{},[392,6256,6257],{},[18,6258,4410],{},[392,6260,6261],{},[18,6262,4391],{},[14,6264,4413],{},[14,6266,6267],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[34,6269,6271],{"className":36,"code":6270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,6272,6273,6287,6305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6274,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6276,142],{"class":141},[43,6278,145],{"class":53},[43,6280,5969],{"class":141},[43,6282,3595],{"class":53},[43,6284,154],{"class":104},[43,6286,3608],{"class":53},[43,6288,6289,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299,6301,6303],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6290,142],{"class":141},[43,6292,145],{"class":53},[43,6294,5969],{"class":141},[43,6296,3595],{"class":53},[43,6298,361],{"class":264},[43,6300,4459],{"class":268},[43,6302,361],{"class":264},[43,6304,3608],{"class":53},[43,6306,6307,6309,6311,6313,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6308,142],{"class":141},[43,6310,145],{"class":53},[43,6312,5969],{"class":141},[43,6314,6315],{"class":53},"([[",[43,6317,154],{"class":104},[43,6319,108],{"class":53},[43,6321,1525],{"class":104},[43,6323,108],{"class":53},[43,6325,1530],{"class":104},[43,6327,6328],{"class":53},"]]))\n",[14,6330,6175],{},[34,6332,6334],{"className":36,"code":6333,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,6335,6336,6340,6344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6337,6338],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6339,4594],{"class":4466},[43,6341,6342],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6343,4594],{"class":4466},[43,6345,6346],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6347,4594],{"class":4466},[14,6349,6350],{},"And these are all falsy:",[34,6352,6354],{"className":36,"code":6353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,6355,6356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6357,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6359,142],{"class":141},[43,6361,145],{"class":53},[43,6363,5969],{"class":141},[43,6365,3595],{"class":53},[43,6367,1277],{"class":104},[43,6369,108],{"class":53},[43,6371,4452],{"class":264},[43,6373,108],{"class":53},[43,6375,4467],{"class":4466},[43,6377,3608],{"class":53},[14,6379,6175],{},[34,6381,6382],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6383,6384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6385,6386],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6387,4655],{"class":4466},[14,6389,6390,6391,1233,6394,79],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[269,6392,4420],{"href":6393},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[269,6395,6397,6399],{"href":6396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,6398,4426],{}," explained",[81,6401,6403],{"id":6402},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6405,6406],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[34,6408,6410],{"className":36,"code":6409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6411,6412,6432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6413,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6415,4436],{"class":49},[43,6417,98],{"class":97},[43,6419,101],{"class":53},[43,6421,1277],{"class":104},[43,6423,108],{"class":53},[43,6425,4452],{"class":264},[43,6427,108],{"class":53},[43,6429,5221],{"class":104},[43,6431,68],{"class":53},[43,6433,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6435,142],{"class":141},[43,6437,145],{"class":53},[43,6439,5969],{"class":141},[43,6441,145],{"class":53},[43,6443,5974],{"class":148},[43,6445,2377],{"class":53},[14,6447,349],{},[34,6449,6450],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6451,6452],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6453,6454],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6455,4594],{"class":4466},[14,6457,5056],{},[389,6459,6460,6465,6469],{},[392,6461,6462,6464],{},[18,6463,1277],{}," is falsy",[392,6466,6467,6464],{},[18,6468,4386],{},[392,6470,6471,6473],{},[18,6472,831],{}," is truthy",[14,6475,6476,6477,3004,6480,79],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6478,6479],{},"any(values)",[18,6481,4216],{},[14,6483,6484],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[34,6486,6488],{"className":36,"code":6487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6489,6490,6514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6491,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6493,4436],{"class":49},[43,6495,98],{"class":97},[43,6497,101],{"class":53},[43,6499,1277],{"class":104},[43,6501,108],{"class":53},[43,6503,4452],{"class":264},[43,6505,108],{"class":53},[43,6507,4467],{"class":4466},[43,6509,108],{"class":53},[43,6511,4521],{"class":4466},[43,6513,68],{"class":53},[43,6515,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6517,142],{"class":141},[43,6519,145],{"class":53},[43,6521,5969],{"class":141},[43,6523,145],{"class":53},[43,6525,5974],{"class":148},[43,6527,2377],{"class":53},[14,6529,349],{},[34,6531,6532],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6533,6534],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6535,6536],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6537,4655],{"class":4466},[14,6539,6540,6541,79],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6542,4285],{},[81,6544,6546],{"id":6545},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6548,6549,6551,6552,79],{},[18,6550,5799],{}," is often used with a ",[76,6553,6554],{},"generator expression",[14,6556,6557],{},"This is a common pattern:",[34,6559,6561],{"className":36,"code":6560,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6562,6563],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6564,6565,6567,6569,6572,6575,6578,6580,6582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6566,5969],{"class":141},[43,6568,145],{"class":53},[43,6570,6571],{"class":148},"condition ",[43,6573,6574],{"class":4491},"for",[43,6576,6577],{"class":148}," item ",[43,6579,4498],{"class":4491},[43,6581,704],{"class":148},[43,6583,346],{"class":53},[14,6585,6586],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6588,6589],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[34,6591,6593],{"className":36,"code":6592,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6594,6595,6622,6626,6653],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6596,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6598,94],{"class":49},[43,6600,98],{"class":97},[43,6602,101],{"class":53},[43,6604,159],{"class":104},[43,6606,108],{"class":53},[43,6608,6609],{"class":104}," 7",[43,6611,108],{"class":53},[43,6613,2828],{"class":97},[43,6615,201],{"class":104},[43,6617,108],{"class":53},[43,6619,977],{"class":104},[43,6621,68],{"class":53},[43,6623,6624],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6625,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,6627,6628,6630,6632,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6629,2836],{"class":49},[43,6631,98],{"class":97},[43,6633,6634],{"class":141}," any",[43,6636,145],{"class":53},[43,6638,3634],{"class":148},[43,6640,3901],{"class":97},[43,6642,4447],{"class":104},[43,6644,4492],{"class":4491},[43,6646,4495],{"class":148},[43,6648,4498],{"class":4491},[43,6650,2071],{"class":148},[43,6652,346],{"class":53},[43,6654,6655,6657,6659,6661],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,6656,142],{"class":141},[43,6658,145],{"class":53},[43,6660,2871],{"class":148},[43,6662,346],{"class":53},[14,6664,349],{},[34,6666,6667],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6668,6669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6670,6671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6672,4594],{"class":4466},[14,6674,6675,6676,6679],{},"This works because ",[18,6677,6678],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[389,6681,6682,6690,6697],{},[392,6683,6684,6687,6688],{},[18,6685,6686],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6689,4285],{},[392,6691,6692,6687,6695],{},[18,6693,6694],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6696,4285],{},[392,6698,6699,6687,6702],{},[18,6700,6701],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6703,4216],{},[14,6705,6706,6707,6709,6710,6712,6713,79],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6708,4216],{}," result, ",[18,6711,5799],{}," can return ",[18,6714,4216],{},[14,6716,6717],{},"Here is another example:",[34,6719,6721],{"className":36,"code":6720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6722,6723,6752,6756,6786],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6724,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6742,6744,6746,6748,6750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6726,4685],{"class":49},[43,6728,98],{"class":97},[43,6730,101],{"class":53},[43,6732,265],{"class":264},[43,6734,4694],{"class":268},[43,6736,265],{"class":264},[43,6738,108],{"class":53},[43,6740,6741],{"class":264}," \"\"",[43,6743,108],{"class":53},[43,6745,276],{"class":264},[43,6747,4703],{"class":268},[43,6749,265],{"class":264},[43,6751,68],{"class":53},[43,6753,6754],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6755,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,6757,6758,6761,6763,6765,6767,6770,6772,6774,6776,6779,6781,6784],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6759,6760],{"class":49},"has_empty_string ",[43,6762,98],{"class":97},[43,6764,6634],{"class":141},[43,6766,145],{"class":53},[43,6768,6769],{"class":148},"word ",[43,6771,5304],{"class":97},[43,6773,6741],{"class":264},[43,6775,4492],{"class":4491},[43,6777,6778],{"class":148}," word ",[43,6780,4498],{"class":4491},[43,6782,6783],{"class":148}," words",[43,6785,346],{"class":53},[43,6787,6788,6790,6792,6795],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,6789,142],{"class":141},[43,6791,145],{"class":53},[43,6793,6794],{"class":148},"has_empty_string",[43,6796,346],{"class":53},[14,6798,349],{},[34,6800,6801],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6802,6803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6804,6805],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6806,4594],{"class":4466},[14,6808,6809,6810,79],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[269,6811,6813],{"href":6812},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[81,6815,6817],{"id":6816},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6819,6820,6821,59],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6822,4285],{},[34,6824,6826],{"className":36,"code":6825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6827,6828],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6829,6830,6832,6834,6836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6831,142],{"class":141},[43,6833,145],{"class":53},[43,6835,5969],{"class":141},[43,6837,5043],{"class":53},[14,6839,349],{},[34,6841,6842],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6843,6844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6845,6846],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6847,4655],{"class":4466},[14,6849,6850],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6852,6853,6854,6856],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6855,5799],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6858,6859],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[34,6861,6863],{"className":36,"code":6862,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6864,6865,6875,6890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6866,6867,6869,6871,6873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6868,142],{"class":141},[43,6870,145],{"class":53},[43,6872,5969],{"class":141},[43,6874,5101],{"class":53},[43,6876,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6888],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6878,142],{"class":141},[43,6880,145],{"class":53},[43,6882,5969],{"class":141},[43,6884,145],{"class":53},[43,6886,6887],{"class":264},"\"\"",[43,6889,2377],{"class":53},[43,6891,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6903],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6893,142],{"class":141},[43,6895,145],{"class":53},[43,6897,5969],{"class":141},[43,6899,145],{"class":53},[43,6901,6902],{"class":3510},"set",[43,6904,6905],{"class":53},"()))\n",[14,6907,349],{},[34,6909,6911],{"className":36,"code":6910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6912,6913,6917,6921],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6914,6915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6916,4655],{"class":4466},[43,6918,6919],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6920,4655],{"class":4466},[43,6922,6923],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6924,4655],{"class":4466},[81,6926,6928],{"id":6927},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6930,230,6931,6933],{},[18,6932,5799],{}," when you want to:",[389,6935,6936,6939,6942],{},[392,6937,6938],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[392,6940,6941],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[392,6943,6944],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6946,6947],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[34,6949,6951],{"className":36,"code":6950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6952,6953,6978,6982,6992,6996,7010,7029,7039,7045,7050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6956,94],{"class":49},[43,6958,98],{"class":97},[43,6960,101],{"class":53},[43,6962,154],{"class":104},[43,6964,108],{"class":53},[43,6966,1530],{"class":104},[43,6968,108],{"class":53},[43,6970,5221],{"class":104},[43,6972,108],{"class":53},[43,6974,6975],{"class":104}," 8",[43,6977,68],{"class":53},[43,6979,6980],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,6981,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,6983,6984,6987,6989],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,6985,6986],{"class":49},"found_even ",[43,6988,98],{"class":97},[43,6990,6991],{"class":4466}," False\n",[43,6993,6994],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,6995,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,6997,6998,7000,7003,7005,7007],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,6999,6574],{"class":4491},[43,7001,7002],{"class":49}," number ",[43,7004,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7006,2071],{"class":49},[43,7008,7009],{"class":53},":\n",[43,7011,7012,7015,7017,7020,7022,7025,7027],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,7013,7014],{"class":4491},"    if",[43,7016,7002],{"class":49},[43,7018,7019],{"class":97},"%",[43,7021,1525],{"class":104},[43,7023,7024],{"class":97}," ==",[43,7026,4447],{"class":104},[43,7028,7009],{"class":53},[43,7030,7031,7034,7036],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,7032,7033],{"class":49},"        found_even ",[43,7035,98],{"class":97},[43,7037,7038],{"class":4466}," True\n",[43,7040,7042],{"class":45,"line":7041},8,[43,7043,7044],{"class":4491},"        break\n",[43,7046,7048],{"class":45,"line":7047},9,[43,7049,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,7051,7053,7055,7057,7060],{"class":45,"line":7052},10,[43,7054,142],{"class":141},[43,7056,145],{"class":53},[43,7058,7059],{"class":148},"found_even",[43,7061,346],{"class":53},[14,7063,7064],{},"You can write:",[34,7066,7068],{"className":36,"code":7067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,7069,7070,7094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7071,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7073,94],{"class":49},[43,7075,98],{"class":97},[43,7077,101],{"class":53},[43,7079,154],{"class":104},[43,7081,108],{"class":53},[43,7083,1530],{"class":104},[43,7085,108],{"class":53},[43,7087,5221],{"class":104},[43,7089,108],{"class":53},[43,7091,6975],{"class":104},[43,7093,68],{"class":53},[43,7095,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7097,142],{"class":141},[43,7099,145],{"class":53},[43,7101,5969],{"class":141},[43,7103,145],{"class":53},[43,7105,2823],{"class":148},[43,7107,7019],{"class":97},[43,7109,1525],{"class":104},[43,7111,7024],{"class":97},[43,7113,4447],{"class":104},[43,7115,4492],{"class":4491},[43,7117,7002],{"class":148},[43,7119,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7121,2071],{"class":148},[43,7123,2377],{"class":53},[14,7125,7126,7127,7129],{},"Both work, but ",[18,7128,5799],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[81,7131,5134],{"id":5133},[14,7133,7134,7135,79],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,7136,5799],{},[1499,7138,7140],{"id":7139},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,7142,5141],{},[34,7144,7146],{"className":36,"code":7145,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any(5))\n",[18,7147,7148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7149,7150,7152,7154,7156,7158,7160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7151,142],{"class":141},[43,7153,145],{"class":53},[43,7155,5969],{"class":141},[43,7157,145],{"class":53},[43,7159,831],{"class":104},[43,7161,2377],{"class":53},[14,7163,7164,7165,7167],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,7166,831],{}," is not iterable.",[14,7169,7170],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[34,7172,7174],{"className":36,"code":7173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,7175,7176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7177,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7179,142],{"class":141},[43,7181,145],{"class":53},[43,7183,5969],{"class":141},[43,7185,3595],{"class":53},[43,7187,831],{"class":104},[43,7189,3608],{"class":53},[1499,7191,7193],{"id":7192},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,7195,7196,7198,7199,7202],{},[18,7197,5799],{}," needs only ",[76,7200,7201],{},"one"," truthy item.",[34,7204,7206],{"className":36,"code":7205,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,7207,7208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7209,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7211,142],{"class":141},[43,7213,145],{"class":53},[43,7215,5969],{"class":141},[43,7217,3595],{"class":53},[43,7219,4285],{"class":4466},[43,7221,108],{"class":53},[43,7223,4521],{"class":4466},[43,7225,108],{"class":53},[43,7227,4530],{"class":4466},[43,7229,3608],{"class":53},[14,7231,349],{},[34,7233,7234],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7235,7236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7237,7238],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7239,4594],{"class":4466},[14,7241,7242,7243,7247],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[269,7244,7245],{"href":6041},[18,7246,4190],{}," instead.",[1499,7249,7251],{"id":7250},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,7253,7254,7255,79],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,7256,7257],{},"\"True\"",[34,7259,7261],{"className":36,"code":7260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,7262,7263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7264,7265,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7266,142],{"class":141},[43,7268,145],{"class":53},[43,7270,5969],{"class":141},[43,7272,3595],{"class":53},[43,7274,265],{"class":264},[43,7276,4285],{"class":268},[43,7278,265],{"class":264},[43,7280,3608],{"class":53},[14,7282,349],{},[34,7284,7285],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7286,7287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7288,7289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7290,4594],{"class":4466},[14,7292,7293,7294,7297],{},"That is because ",[18,7295,7296],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1499,7299,7301],{"id":7300},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7303,7304],{},"This works:",[34,7306,7308],{"className":36,"code":7307,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,7309,7310,7330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7311,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7313,94],{"class":49},[43,7315,98],{"class":97},[43,7317,101],{"class":53},[43,7319,154],{"class":104},[43,7321,108],{"class":53},[43,7323,1525],{"class":104},[43,7325,108],{"class":53},[43,7327,1530],{"class":104},[43,7329,68],{"class":53},[43,7331,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7333,142],{"class":141},[43,7335,145],{"class":53},[43,7337,5969],{"class":141},[43,7339,3595],{"class":53},[43,7341,3634],{"class":148},[43,7343,4868],{"class":97},[43,7345,1525],{"class":104},[43,7347,4492],{"class":4491},[43,7349,4495],{"class":148},[43,7351,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7353,2071],{"class":148},[43,7355,3608],{"class":53},[14,7357,7358],{},"But this is usually better:",[34,7360,7362],{"className":36,"code":7361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,7363,7364,7384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7365,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7367,94],{"class":49},[43,7369,98],{"class":97},[43,7371,101],{"class":53},[43,7373,154],{"class":104},[43,7375,108],{"class":53},[43,7377,1525],{"class":104},[43,7379,108],{"class":53},[43,7381,1530],{"class":104},[43,7383,68],{"class":53},[43,7385,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7387,142],{"class":141},[43,7389,145],{"class":53},[43,7391,5969],{"class":141},[43,7393,145],{"class":53},[43,7395,3634],{"class":148},[43,7397,4868],{"class":97},[43,7399,1525],{"class":104},[43,7401,4492],{"class":4491},[43,7403,4495],{"class":148},[43,7405,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7407,2071],{"class":148},[43,7409,2377],{"class":53},[14,7411,7412],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[81,7414,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,7416,7418],{"id":7417},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7420,5762,7421,7423,7424,79],{},[18,7422,4216],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7425,4285],{},[1499,7427,7429],{"id":7428},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7431,7432,3004,7434,7436],{},[18,7433,5799],{},[18,7435,4285],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1499,7438,7440],{"id":7439},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7442,7443,7445,7446,7448],{},[18,7444,5799],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7447,4190],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1499,7450,7452],{"id":7451},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7454,7455],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[34,7457,7458],{"className":36,"code":6560,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7459,7460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7463,5969],{"class":141},[43,7465,145],{"class":53},[43,7467,6571],{"class":148},[43,7469,6574],{"class":4491},[43,7471,6577],{"class":148},[43,7473,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7475,704],{"class":148},[43,7477,346],{"class":53},[14,7479,996],{},[34,7481,7482],{"className":36,"code":7361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7483,7484,7504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7485,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7487,94],{"class":49},[43,7489,98],{"class":97},[43,7491,101],{"class":53},[43,7493,154],{"class":104},[43,7495,108],{"class":53},[43,7497,1525],{"class":104},[43,7499,108],{"class":53},[43,7501,1530],{"class":104},[43,7503,68],{"class":53},[43,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7507,142],{"class":141},[43,7509,145],{"class":53},[43,7511,5969],{"class":141},[43,7513,145],{"class":53},[43,7515,3634],{"class":148},[43,7517,4868],{"class":97},[43,7519,1525],{"class":104},[43,7521,4492],{"class":4491},[43,7523,4495],{"class":148},[43,7525,4498],{"class":4491},[43,7527,2071],{"class":148},[43,7529,2377],{"class":53},[81,7531,2497],{"id":2496},[389,7533,7534,7540,7544,7548,7553],{},[392,7535,7536],{},[269,7537,7538,4120],{"href":6041},[18,7539,4190],{},[392,7541,7542],{},[269,7543,4420],{"href":6393},[392,7545,7546],{},[269,7547,5831],{"href":6202},[392,7549,7550],{},[269,7551,7552],{"href":6812},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[392,7554,7555],{},[269,7556,7557,4120],{"href":6396},[18,7558,4426],{},[2536,7560,7561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":7563},[7564,7565,7566,7567,7568,7569,7570,7571,7577,7583],{"id":5991,"depth":131,"text":5992},{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047},{"id":4341,"depth":131,"text":4342},{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":6545,"depth":131,"text":6546},{"id":6816,"depth":131,"text":6817},{"id":6927,"depth":131,"text":6928},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":7572},[7573,7574,7575,7576],{"id":7139,"depth":138,"text":7140},{"id":7192,"depth":138,"text":7193},{"id":7250,"depth":138,"text":7251},{"id":7300,"depth":138,"text":7301},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":7578},[7579,7580,7581,7582],{"id":7417,"depth":138,"text":7418},{"id":7428,"depth":138,"text":7429},{"id":7439,"depth":138,"text":7440},{"id":7451,"depth":138,"text":7452},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5894,"description":7584},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7590,"title":7591,"body":7592,"description":9722,"extension":2572,"meta":9723,"navigation":134,"path":9724,"seo":9725,"stem":9726,"__hash__":9727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7593,"toc":9685},[7594,7597,7606,7616,7618,7715,7717,7746,7762,7766,7771,7774,7784,7790,7796,7812,7814,7822,7829,7833,7836,7851,7856,7874,7879,7881,7929,7931,7948,7952,7958,7961,7996,7998,8104,8106,8143,8147,8155,8157,8177,8179,8300,8302,8331,8334,8357,8359,8367,8375,8379,8385,8389,8430,8432,8440,8443,8471,8473,8481,8485,8514,8516,8524,8556,8558,8566,8570,8621,8623,8631,8639,8643,8646,8699,8701,8722,8729,8733,8739,8742,8750,8772,8774,8782,8790,8813,8815,8823,8828,8833,8845,8847,8888,8899,8903,8912,8915,8918,8976,8979,9031,9034,9039,9055,9061,9063,9068,9077,9080,9102,9104,9112,9117,9120,9155,9157,9165,9169,9174,9212,9224,9227,9282,9290,9294,9297,9319,9327,9330,9371,9373,9396,9402,9408,9423,9425,9445,9448,9467,9469,9488,9492,9497,9576,9579,9593,9600,9602,9606,9613,9617,9621,9625,9630,9634,9639,9643,9650,9652,9682],[10,7595,7591],{"id":7596},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7598,1242,7599,7601,7602,3486,7604,79],{},[18,7600,4426],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,7603,4216],{},[18,7605,4285],{},[14,7607,7608,7609,7611,7612,7615],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,7610,4426],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,7613,7614],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[81,7617,4221],{"id":4220},[34,7619,7621],{"className":36,"code":7620,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,7622,7623,7637,7651,7665,7683,7693],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7626,142],{"class":141},[43,7628,145],{"class":53},[43,7630,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7632,145],{"class":53},[43,7634,1277],{"class":104},[43,7636,2377],{"class":53},[43,7638,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647,7649],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7640,142],{"class":141},[43,7642,145],{"class":53},[43,7644,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7646,145],{"class":53},[43,7648,154],{"class":104},[43,7650,2377],{"class":53},[43,7652,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661,7663],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,7654,142],{"class":141},[43,7656,145],{"class":53},[43,7658,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7660,145],{"class":53},[43,7662,6887],{"class":264},[43,7664,2377],{"class":53},[43,7666,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,7668,142],{"class":141},[43,7670,145],{"class":53},[43,7672,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7674,145],{"class":53},[43,7676,265],{"class":264},[43,7678,4459],{"class":268},[43,7680,265],{"class":264},[43,7682,2377],{"class":53},[43,7684,7685,7687,7689,7691],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,7686,142],{"class":141},[43,7688,145],{"class":53},[43,7690,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7692,5043],{"class":53},[43,7694,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711,7713],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,7696,142],{"class":141},[43,7698,145],{"class":53},[43,7700,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7702,3595],{"class":53},[43,7704,154],{"class":104},[43,7706,108],{"class":53},[43,7708,1525],{"class":104},[43,7710,108],{"class":53},[43,7712,1530],{"class":104},[43,7714,3608],{"class":53},[14,7716,6175],{},[34,7718,7720],{"className":36,"code":7719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7721,7722,7726,7730,7734,7738,7742],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7723,7724],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7725,4655],{"class":4466},[43,7727,7728],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7729,4594],{"class":4466},[43,7731,7732],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,7733,4655],{"class":4466},[43,7735,7736],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,7737,4594],{"class":4466},[43,7739,7740],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,7741,4655],{"class":4466},[43,7743,7744],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,7745,4594],{"class":4466},[14,7747,230,7748,7751,7752,3486,7754,7756,7757,7759,7760,79],{},[18,7749,7750],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7753,4216],{},[18,7755,4285],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7758,4285],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7761,4216],{},[81,7763,7765],{"id":7764},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7767,7768,7770],{},[18,7769,4426],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7772,7773],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[389,7775,7776,7780],{},[392,7777,7778],{},[18,7779,4216],{},[392,7781,7782],{},[18,7783,4285],{},[14,7785,7786,7787,7789],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7788,7614],{}," statements.",[14,7791,7792,7793,7795],{},"You can also call ",[18,7794,4426],{}," with no argument:",[34,7797,7799],{"className":36,"code":7798,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool())\n",[18,7800,7801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7802,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7804,142],{"class":141},[43,7806,145],{"class":53},[43,7808,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7810,7811],{"class":53},"())\n",[14,7813,349],{},[34,7815,7816],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7817,7818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7819,7820],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7821,4655],{"class":4466},[14,7823,7824,7825,79],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[269,7826,7828],{"href":7827},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[81,7830,7832],{"id":7831},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7834,7835],{},"The basic syntax is:",[34,7837,7839],{"className":36,"code":7838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bool(value)\n",[18,7840,7841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7842,7843,7845,7847,7849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7844,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7846,145],{"class":53},[43,7848,3080],{"class":148},[43,7850,346],{"class":53},[14,7852,1242,7853,7855],{},[18,7854,3080],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[389,7857,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7869,7871],{},[392,7859,149],{},[392,7861,5924],{},[392,7863,5915],{},[392,7865,5918],{},[392,7867,7868],{},"dictionaries",[392,7870,5921],{},[392,7872,7873],{},"other objects",[14,7875,7876,7877,79],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7878,4285],{},[14,7880,494],{},[34,7882,7884],{"className":36,"code":7883,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7885,7886,7900,7919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7887,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7889,142],{"class":141},[43,7891,145],{"class":53},[43,7893,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7895,145],{"class":53},[43,7897,105],{"class":104},[43,7899,2377],{"class":53},[43,7901,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7915,7917],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7903,142],{"class":141},[43,7905,145],{"class":53},[43,7907,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7909,145],{"class":53},[43,7911,265],{"class":264},[43,7913,7914],{"class":268},"Python",[43,7916,265],{"class":264},[43,7918,2377],{"class":53},[43,7920,7921,7923,7925,7927],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,7922,142],{"class":141},[43,7924,145],{"class":53},[43,7926,4482],{"class":3510},[43,7928,7811],{"class":53},[14,7930,349],{},[34,7932,7934],{"className":36,"code":7933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7935,7936,7940,7944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7937,7938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7939,4594],{"class":4466},[43,7941,7942],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,7943,4594],{"class":4466},[43,7945,7946],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,7947,4655],{"class":4466},[81,7949,7951],{"id":7950},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7953,7954,7955,7957],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[76,7956,6212],{}," values.",[14,7959,7960],{},"Common examples:",[389,7962,7963,7967,7971,7975,7979,7984,7988,7992],{},[392,7964,7965],{},[18,7966,1277],{},[392,7968,7969],{},[18,7970,4381],{},[392,7972,7973],{},[18,7974,6887],{},[392,7976,7977],{},[18,7978,4400],{},[392,7980,7981],{},[18,7982,7983],{},"()",[392,7985,7986],{},[18,7987,4405],{},[392,7989,7990],{},[18,7991,4410],{},[392,7993,7994],{},[18,7995,4391],{},[14,7997,494],{},[34,7999,8001],{"className":36,"code":8000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,8002,8003,8017,8031,8045,8055,8065,8076,8090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8004,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8006,142],{"class":141},[43,8008,145],{"class":53},[43,8010,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8012,145],{"class":53},[43,8014,1277],{"class":104},[43,8016,2377],{"class":53},[43,8018,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8020,142],{"class":141},[43,8022,145],{"class":53},[43,8024,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8026,145],{"class":53},[43,8028,4381],{"class":104},[43,8030,2377],{"class":53},[43,8032,8033,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8034,142],{"class":141},[43,8036,145],{"class":53},[43,8038,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8040,145],{"class":53},[43,8042,6887],{"class":264},[43,8044,2377],{"class":53},[43,8046,8047,8049,8051,8053],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8048,142],{"class":141},[43,8050,145],{"class":53},[43,8052,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8054,5043],{"class":53},[43,8056,8057,8059,8061,8063],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,8058,142],{"class":141},[43,8060,145],{"class":53},[43,8062,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8064,5101],{"class":53},[43,8066,8067,8069,8071,8073],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,8068,142],{"class":141},[43,8070,145],{"class":53},[43,8072,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8074,8075],{"class":53},"({}))\n",[43,8077,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,8079,142],{"class":141},[43,8081,145],{"class":53},[43,8083,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8085,145],{"class":53},[43,8087,6902],{"class":3510},[43,8089,6905],{"class":53},[43,8091,8092,8094,8096,8098,8100,8102],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,8093,142],{"class":141},[43,8095,145],{"class":53},[43,8097,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8099,145],{"class":53},[43,8101,4391],{"class":4466},[43,8103,2377],{"class":53},[14,8105,349],{},[34,8107,8109],{"className":36,"code":8108,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,8110,8111,8115,8119,8123,8127,8131,8135,8139],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8112,8113],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8114,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8116,8117],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8118,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8120,8121],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8122,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8124,8125],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8126,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8128,8129],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,8130,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8132,8133],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,8134,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8136,8137],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,8138,4655],{"class":4466},[43,8140,8141],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,8142,4655],{"class":4466},[81,8144,8146],{"id":8145},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,8148,8149,8150,8152,8153,7957],{},"Many values become ",[18,8151,4216],{},". These are often called ",[76,8154,6209],{},[14,8156,7960],{},[389,8158,8159,8162,8165,8168,8171,8174],{},[392,8160,8161],{},"non-zero numbers",[392,8163,8164],{},"non-empty strings",[392,8166,8167],{},"non-empty lists",[392,8169,8170],{},"non-empty tuples",[392,8172,8173],{},"non-empty sets",[392,8175,8176],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,8178,494],{},[34,8180,8182],{"className":36,"code":8181,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,8183,8184,8198,8214,8232,8254,8272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8185,8186,8188,8190,8192,8194,8196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8187,142],{"class":141},[43,8189,145],{"class":53},[43,8191,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8193,145],{"class":53},[43,8195,831],{"class":104},[43,8197,2377],{"class":53},[43,8199,8200,8202,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8201,142],{"class":141},[43,8203,145],{"class":53},[43,8205,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8207,145],{"class":53},[43,8209,220],{"class":97},[43,8211,201],{"class":104},[43,8213,2377],{"class":53},[43,8215,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8217,142],{"class":141},[43,8219,145],{"class":53},[43,8221,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8223,145],{"class":53},[43,8225,265],{"class":264},[43,8227,4459],{"class":268},[43,8229,265],{"class":264},[43,8231,2377],{"class":53},[43,8233,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8235,142],{"class":141},[43,8237,145],{"class":53},[43,8239,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8241,3595],{"class":53},[43,8243,154],{"class":104},[43,8245,108],{"class":53},[43,8247,1525],{"class":104},[43,8249,108],{"class":53},[43,8251,1530],{"class":104},[43,8253,3608],{"class":53},[43,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,8257,142],{"class":141},[43,8259,145],{"class":53},[43,8261,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8263,6126],{"class":53},[43,8265,154],{"class":104},[43,8267,108],{"class":53},[43,8269,1525],{"class":104},[43,8271,3521],{"class":53},[43,8273,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8287,8289,8291,8293,8296,8298],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,8275,142],{"class":141},[43,8277,145],{"class":53},[43,8279,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8281,6145],{"class":53},[43,8283,265],{"class":264},[43,8285,8286],{"class":268},"name",[43,8288,265],{"class":264},[43,8290,59],{"class":53},[43,8292,276],{"class":264},[43,8294,8295],{"class":268},"Sam",[43,8297,265],{"class":264},[43,8299,6154],{"class":53},[14,8301,349],{},[34,8303,8305],{"className":36,"code":8304,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,8306,8307,8311,8315,8319,8323,8327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8308,8309],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8310,4594],{"class":4466},[43,8312,8313],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8314,4594],{"class":4466},[43,8316,8317],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8318,4594],{"class":4466},[43,8320,8321],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8322,4594],{"class":4466},[43,8324,8325],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,8326,4594],{"class":4466},[43,8328,8329],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,8330,4594],{"class":4466},[14,8332,8333],{},"One important example is this:",[34,8335,8337],{"className":36,"code":8336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,8338,8339],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8340,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8342,142],{"class":141},[43,8344,145],{"class":53},[43,8346,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8348,145],{"class":53},[43,8350,265],{"class":264},[43,8352,4285],{"class":268},[43,8354,265],{"class":264},[43,8356,2377],{"class":53},[14,8358,349],{},[34,8360,8361],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8362,8363],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8364,8365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8366,4594],{"class":4466},[14,8368,8369,8370,8372,8373,79],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,8371,7296],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,8374,4216],{},[81,8376,8378],{"id":8377},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8380,8381,8382,8384],{},"You can use ",[18,8383,4426],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1499,8386,8388],{"id":8387},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[34,8390,8392],{"className":36,"code":8391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8393,8394,8415],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8395,8396,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411,8413],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8397,8398],{"class":49},"items ",[43,8400,98],{"class":97},[43,8402,101],{"class":53},[43,8404,105],{"class":104},[43,8406,108],{"class":53},[43,8408,111],{"class":104},[43,8410,108],{"class":53},[43,8412,116],{"class":104},[43,8414,68],{"class":53},[43,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425,8428],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8418,142],{"class":141},[43,8420,145],{"class":53},[43,8422,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8424,145],{"class":53},[43,8426,8427],{"class":148},"items",[43,8429,2377],{"class":53},[14,8431,349],{},[34,8433,8434],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8435,8436],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8437,8438],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8439,4594],{"class":4466},[14,8441,8442],{},"With an empty list:",[34,8444,8446],{"className":36,"code":8445,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8447,8448,8457],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8449,8450,8452,8454],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8451,8398],{"class":49},[43,8453,98],{"class":97},[43,8455,8456],{"class":53}," []\n",[43,8458,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8460,142],{"class":141},[43,8462,145],{"class":53},[43,8464,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8466,145],{"class":53},[43,8468,8427],{"class":148},[43,8470,2377],{"class":53},[14,8472,349],{},[34,8474,8475],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8476,8477],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8478,8479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8480,4655],{"class":4466},[1499,8482,8484],{"id":8483},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[34,8486,8488],{"className":36,"code":8487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8489,8490,8500],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8491,8492,8495,8497],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8493,8494],{"class":49},"name ",[43,8496,98],{"class":97},[43,8498,8499],{"class":264}," \"\"\n",[43,8501,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8503,142],{"class":141},[43,8505,145],{"class":53},[43,8507,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8509,145],{"class":53},[43,8511,8286],{"class":148},[43,8513,2377],{"class":53},[14,8515,349],{},[34,8517,8518],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8519,8520],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8521,8522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8523,4655],{"class":4466},[34,8525,8527],{"className":36,"code":8526,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8528,8529,8542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8530,8531,8533,8535,8537,8540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8532,8494],{"class":49},[43,8534,98],{"class":97},[43,8536,276],{"class":264},[43,8538,8539],{"class":268},"Mia",[43,8541,3969],{"class":264},[43,8543,8544,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8545,142],{"class":141},[43,8547,145],{"class":53},[43,8549,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8551,145],{"class":53},[43,8553,8286],{"class":148},[43,8555,2377],{"class":53},[14,8557,349],{},[34,8559,8560],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8561,8562],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8563,8564],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8565,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,8567,8569],{"id":8568},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[34,8571,8573],{"className":36,"code":8572,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,8574,8575,8589,8606,8610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8576,8577,8580,8582,8584,8587],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8578,8579],{"class":49},"username ",[43,8581,98],{"class":97},[43,8583,276],{"class":264},[43,8585,8586],{"class":268},"alex",[43,8588,3969],{"class":264},[43,8590,8591,8594,8596,8599,8601,8604],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8592,8593],{"class":49},"has_name ",[43,8595,98],{"class":97},[43,8597,8598],{"class":3510}," bool",[43,8600,145],{"class":53},[43,8602,8603],{"class":148},"username",[43,8605,346],{"class":53},[43,8607,8608],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8609,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,8611,8612,8614,8616,8619],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8613,142],{"class":141},[43,8615,145],{"class":53},[43,8617,8618],{"class":148},"has_name",[43,8620,346],{"class":53},[14,8622,349],{},[34,8624,8625],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8626,8627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8628,8629],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8630,4594],{"class":4466},[14,8632,8633,8634,3486,8636,8638],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8635,4216],{},[18,8637,4285],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1499,8640,8642],{"id":8641},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8644,8645],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[34,8647,8649],{"className":36,"code":8648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8650,8651,8671,8675,8683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8652,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8654,94],{"class":49},[43,8656,98],{"class":97},[43,8658,101],{"class":53},[43,8660,154],{"class":104},[43,8662,108],{"class":53},[43,8664,1525],{"class":104},[43,8666,108],{"class":53},[43,8668,1530],{"class":104},[43,8670,68],{"class":53},[43,8672,8673],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8674,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,8676,8677,8679,8681],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8678,7614],{"class":4491},[43,8680,2071],{"class":49},[43,8682,7009],{"class":53},[43,8684,8685,8688,8690,8692,8695,8697],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8686,8687],{"class":141},"    print",[43,8689,145],{"class":53},[43,8691,265],{"class":264},[43,8693,8694],{"class":268},"The list is not empty",[43,8696,265],{"class":264},[43,8698,346],{"class":53},[14,8700,349],{},[34,8702,8704],{"className":36,"code":8703,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8705,8706],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8707,8708,8710,8713,8716,8719],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8709,1242],{"class":49},[43,8711,8712],{"class":3510},"list",[43,8714,8715],{"class":97}," is",[43,8717,8718],{"class":97}," not",[43,8720,8721],{"class":49}," empty\n",[14,8723,8724,8725,79],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[269,8726,8728],{"href":8727},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[81,8730,8732],{"id":8731},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8734,8735,8736,8738],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8737,4426],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8740,8741],{},"It does not do that.",[1499,8743,8745,3004,8748],{"id":8744},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8746,8747],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8749,4216],{},[34,8751,8752],{"className":36,"code":8336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8753,8754],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8755,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8757,142],{"class":141},[43,8759,145],{"class":53},[43,8761,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8763,145],{"class":53},[43,8765,265],{"class":264},[43,8767,4285],{"class":268},[43,8769,265],{"class":264},[43,8771,2377],{"class":53},[14,8773,349],{},[34,8775,8776],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8777,8778],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8779,8780],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8781,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,8783,8785,3004,8788],{"id":8784},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8786,8787],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8789,4216],{},[34,8791,8793],{"className":36,"code":8792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8794,8795],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8796,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8798,142],{"class":141},[43,8800,145],{"class":53},[43,8802,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8804,145],{"class":53},[43,8806,265],{"class":264},[43,8808,1277],{"class":268},[43,8810,265],{"class":264},[43,8812,2377],{"class":53},[14,8814,349],{},[34,8816,8817],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8818,8819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8820,8821],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8822,4594],{"class":4466},[14,8824,8825,8826,79],{},"This happens because both values are ",[76,8827,8164],{},[14,8829,8830,8832],{},[18,8831,4426],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8834,8835,8836,8841,8842,8844],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[269,8837,8839],{"href":8838},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8840,3567],{},", because ",[18,8843,3567],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8846,494],{},[34,8848,8850],{"className":36,"code":8849,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8851,8852,8873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8853,8854,8857,8859,8862,8864,8866,8869,8871],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8855,8856],{"class":49},"user_value ",[43,8858,98],{"class":97},[43,8860,8861],{"class":141}," input",[43,8863,145],{"class":53},[43,8865,265],{"class":264},[43,8867,8868],{"class":268},"Enter True or False: ",[43,8870,265],{"class":264},[43,8872,346],{"class":53},[43,8874,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8886],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8876,142],{"class":141},[43,8878,145],{"class":53},[43,8880,4482],{"class":3510},[43,8882,145],{"class":53},[43,8884,8885],{"class":148},"user_value",[43,8887,2377],{"class":53},[14,8889,8890,8891,8893,8894,8841,8896,8898],{},"If the user types ",[18,8892,4285],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8895,4216],{},[18,8897,7296],{}," is not empty.",[81,8900,8902],{"id":8901},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8904,8905,8906,8908,8909,8911],{},"In many ",[18,8907,7614],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8910,4426],{}," yourself.",[14,8913,8914],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8916,8917],{},"Instead of this:",[34,8919,8921],{"className":36,"code":8920,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8922,8923,8944,8948,8961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8924,8925,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8926,8927],{"class":49},"my_list ",[43,8929,98],{"class":97},[43,8931,101],{"class":53},[43,8933,154],{"class":104},[43,8935,108],{"class":53},[43,8937,1525],{"class":104},[43,8939,108],{"class":53},[43,8941,1530],{"class":104},[43,8943,68],{"class":53},[43,8945,8946],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,8947,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,8949,8950,8952,8954,8956,8958],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,8951,7614],{"class":4491},[43,8953,8598],{"class":3510},[43,8955,145],{"class":53},[43,8957,50],{"class":148},[43,8959,8960],{"class":53},"):\n",[43,8962,8963,8965,8967,8969,8972,8974],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,8964,8687],{"class":141},[43,8966,145],{"class":53},[43,8968,265],{"class":264},[43,8970,8971],{"class":268},"List has items",[43,8973,265],{"class":264},[43,8975,346],{"class":53},[14,8977,8978],{},"You can simply write:",[34,8980,8982],{"className":36,"code":8981,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8983,8984,9004,9008,9017],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8985,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8987,8927],{"class":49},[43,8989,98],{"class":97},[43,8991,101],{"class":53},[43,8993,154],{"class":104},[43,8995,108],{"class":53},[43,8997,1525],{"class":104},[43,8999,108],{"class":53},[43,9001,1530],{"class":104},[43,9003,68],{"class":53},[43,9005,9006],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9007,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,9009,9010,9012,9015],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,9011,7614],{"class":4491},[43,9013,9014],{"class":49}," my_list",[43,9016,7009],{"class":53},[43,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,9020,8687],{"class":141},[43,9022,145],{"class":53},[43,9024,265],{"class":264},[43,9026,8971],{"class":268},[43,9028,265],{"class":264},[43,9030,346],{"class":53},[14,9032,9033],{},"Both examples work.",[14,9035,2445,9036,9038],{},[18,9037,4426],{}," is still helpful when:",[389,9040,9041,9044,9052],{},[392,9042,9043],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[392,9045,9046,9047,3486,9049,9051],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,9048,4216],{},[18,9050,4285],{}," value",[392,9053,9054],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,9056,9057,9058,79],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[269,9059,9060],{"href":2906},"Python type() function explained",[81,9062,3438],{"id":3437},[14,9064,9065,9066,79],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,9067,4426],{},[1499,9069,9071,9072,9074,9075],{"id":9070},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,9073,8747],{}," to return ",[18,9076,4285],{},[14,9078,9079],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[34,9081,9082],{"className":36,"code":8336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,9083,9084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9085,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9087,142],{"class":141},[43,9089,145],{"class":53},[43,9091,4482],{"class":3510},[43,9093,145],{"class":53},[43,9095,265],{"class":264},[43,9097,4285],{"class":268},[43,9099,265],{"class":264},[43,9101,2377],{"class":53},[14,9103,349],{},[34,9105,9106],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,9107,9108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9109,9110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9111,4594],{"class":4466},[14,9113,9114,9115,7297],{},"Why? Because ",[18,9116,7296],{},[14,9118,9119],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[34,9121,9123],{"className":36,"code":9122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,9124,9125,9137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9126,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9128,3054],{"class":49},[43,9130,98],{"class":97},[43,9132,276],{"class":264},[43,9134,4285],{"class":268},[43,9136,3969],{"class":264},[43,9138,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9140,142],{"class":141},[43,9142,145],{"class":53},[43,9144,3054],{"class":148},[43,9146,5304],{"class":97},[43,9148,276],{"class":264},[43,9150,4216],{"class":268},[43,9152,265],{"class":264},[43,9154,346],{"class":53},[14,9156,349],{},[34,9158,9159],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,9160,9161],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9162,9163],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9164,4655],{"class":4466},[1499,9166,9168],{"id":9167},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,9170,9171,9173],{},[18,9172,3567],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[34,9175,9177],{"className":36,"code":9176,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,9178,9179,9198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9180,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9194,9196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9182,3054],{"class":49},[43,9184,98],{"class":97},[43,9186,8861],{"class":141},[43,9188,145],{"class":53},[43,9190,265],{"class":264},[43,9192,9193],{"class":268},"Enter yes or no: ",[43,9195,265],{"class":264},[43,9197,346],{"class":53},[43,9199,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9201,142],{"class":141},[43,9203,145],{"class":53},[43,9205,4482],{"class":3510},[43,9207,145],{"class":53},[43,9209,3080],{"class":148},[43,9211,2377],{"class":53},[14,9213,8890,9214,9217,9218,9220,9221,8898],{},[18,9215,9216],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,9219,4216],{}," because ",[18,9222,9223],{},"\"no\"",[14,9225,9226],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[34,9228,9230],{"className":36,"code":9229,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,9231,9232,9263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9233,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248,9251,9254,9257,9260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9235,3054],{"class":49},[43,9237,98],{"class":97},[43,9239,8861],{"class":141},[43,9241,145],{"class":53},[43,9243,265],{"class":264},[43,9245,9193],{"class":268},[43,9247,265],{"class":264},[43,9249,9250],{"class":53},").",[43,9252,9253],{"class":148},"strip",[43,9255,9256],{"class":53},"().",[43,9258,9259],{"class":148},"lower",[43,9261,9262],{"class":53},"()\n",[43,9264,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9278,9280],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9266,142],{"class":141},[43,9268,145],{"class":53},[43,9270,3054],{"class":148},[43,9272,5304],{"class":97},[43,9274,276],{"class":264},[43,9276,9277],{"class":268},"yes",[43,9279,265],{"class":264},[43,9281,346],{"class":53},[14,9283,9284,9285,9287,9288,79],{},"This gives ",[18,9286,4216],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,9289,9277],{},[1499,9291,9293],{"id":9292},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,9295,9296],{},"These are different:",[389,9298,9299,9303,9307,9311,9315],{},[392,9300,9301],{},[18,9302,4285],{},[392,9304,9305],{},[18,9306,1277],{},[392,9308,9309],{},[18,9310,6887],{},[392,9312,9313],{},[18,9314,4400],{},[392,9316,9317],{},[18,9318,4391],{},[14,9320,9321,9322,1863,9324,9326],{},"They all become ",[18,9323,4285],{},[18,9325,4426],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9328,9329],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[34,9331,9333],{"className":36,"code":9332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,9334,9335,9343,9357],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9336,9337,9339,9341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9338,3054],{"class":49},[43,9340,98],{"class":97},[43,9342,8456],{"class":53},[43,9344,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9346,142],{"class":141},[43,9348,145],{"class":53},[43,9350,3832],{"class":3510},[43,9352,145],{"class":53},[43,9354,3080],{"class":148},[43,9356,2377],{"class":53},[43,9358,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,9360,142],{"class":141},[43,9362,145],{"class":53},[43,9364,4482],{"class":3510},[43,9366,145],{"class":53},[43,9368,3080],{"class":148},[43,9370,2377],{"class":53},[14,9372,349],{},[34,9374,9376],{"className":36,"code":9375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,9377,9378,9392],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9379,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9381,3901],{"class":97},[43,9383,3904],{"class":2671},[43,9385,370],{"class":264},[43,9387,8712],{"class":268},[43,9389,361],{"class":264},[43,9391,3913],{"class":97},[43,9393,9394],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9395,4655],{"class":4466},[1499,9397,2445,9399,9401],{"id":9398},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,9400,4405],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9403,9404,9405,9407],{},"In Python, ",[18,9406,4405],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[34,9409,9411],{"className":36,"code":9410,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type({}))\n",[18,9412,9413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9414,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9416,142],{"class":141},[43,9418,145],{"class":53},[43,9420,3832],{"class":3510},[43,9422,8075],{"class":53},[14,9424,349],{},[34,9426,9428],{"className":36,"code":9427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,9429,9430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9431,9432,9434,9436,9438,9441,9443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9433,3901],{"class":97},[43,9435,3904],{"class":2671},[43,9437,370],{"class":264},[43,9439,9440],{"class":268},"dict",[43,9442,361],{"class":264},[43,9444,3913],{"class":97},[14,9446,9447],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[34,9449,9451],{"className":36,"code":9450,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,9452,9453],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9454,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9456,142],{"class":141},[43,9458,145],{"class":53},[43,9460,3832],{"class":3510},[43,9462,145],{"class":53},[43,9464,6902],{"class":3510},[43,9466,6905],{"class":53},[14,9468,349],{},[34,9470,9472],{"className":36,"code":9471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,9473,9474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9475,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9486],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9477,3901],{"class":97},[43,9479,3904],{"class":2671},[43,9481,370],{"class":264},[43,9483,6902],{"class":268},[43,9485,361],{"class":264},[43,9487,3913],{"class":97},[81,9489,9491],{"id":9490},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9493,1261,9494,9496],{},[18,9495,4426],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[34,9498,9500],{"className":36,"code":9499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,9501,9502,9516,9530,9540,9558],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9503,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9505,142],{"class":141},[43,9507,145],{"class":53},[43,9509,4482],{"class":3510},[43,9511,145],{"class":53},[43,9513,3080],{"class":148},[43,9515,2377],{"class":53},[43,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9519,142],{"class":141},[43,9521,145],{"class":53},[43,9523,3832],{"class":3510},[43,9525,145],{"class":53},[43,9527,3080],{"class":148},[43,9529,2377],{"class":53},[43,9531,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,9533,142],{"class":141},[43,9535,145],{"class":53},[43,9537,3080],{"class":148},[43,9539,346],{"class":53},[43,9541,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,9543,142],{"class":141},[43,9545,145],{"class":53},[43,9547,3054],{"class":148},[43,9549,5304],{"class":97},[43,9551,276],{"class":264},[43,9553,4216],{"class":268},[43,9555,265],{"class":264},[43,9557,346],{"class":53},[43,9559,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,9561,142],{"class":141},[43,9563,145],{"class":53},[43,9565,3080],{"class":148},[43,9567,79],{"class":53},[43,9569,9253],{"class":148},[43,9571,9256],{"class":53},[43,9573,9259],{"class":148},[43,9575,7811],{"class":53},[14,9577,9578],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[389,9580,9581,9584,9587,9590],{},[392,9582,9583],{},"what the value really is",[392,9585,9586],{},"whether it is a string",[392,9588,9589],{},"whether it contains spaces",[392,9591,9592],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9594,9595,9596,79],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[269,9597,9599],{"href":9598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[81,9601,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,9603,9605],{"id":9604},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9607,9608,9609,3486,9611,79],{},"It returns either ",[18,9610,4216],{},[18,9612,4285],{},[1499,9614,9616],{"id":9615},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9618,5762,9619,79],{},[18,9620,4285],{},[1499,9622,9624],{"id":9623},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9626,9627,9628,79],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,9629,4216],{},[1499,9631,9633],{"id":9632},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9635,9636,9637,79],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9638,4285],{},[1499,9640,9642],{"id":9641},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9644,9645,9646,3486,9648,4350],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9647,4216],{},[18,9649,4285],{},[81,9651,2497],{"id":2496},[389,9653,9654,9659,9663,9668,9672,9677],{},[392,9655,9656],{},[269,9657,9658],{"href":6393},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[392,9660,9661],{},[269,9662,8728],{"href":8727},[392,9664,9665],{},[269,9666,9667],{"href":8838},"Python input() function explained",[392,9669,9670],{},[269,9671,9060],{"href":2906},[392,9673,9674],{},[269,9675,9676],{"href":9598},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[392,9678,9679],{},[269,9680,9681],{"href":7827},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2536,9683,9684],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":9686},[9687,9688,9689,9690,9691,9692,9698,9704,9705,9713,9714,9721],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":7764,"depth":131,"text":7765},{"id":7831,"depth":131,"text":7832},{"id":7950,"depth":131,"text":7951},{"id":8145,"depth":131,"text":8146},{"id":8377,"depth":131,"text":8378,"children":9693},[9694,9695,9696,9697],{"id":8387,"depth":138,"text":8388},{"id":8483,"depth":138,"text":8484},{"id":8568,"depth":138,"text":8569},{"id":8641,"depth":138,"text":8642},{"id":8731,"depth":131,"text":8732,"children":9699},[9700,9702],{"id":8744,"depth":138,"text":9701},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8784,"depth":138,"text":9703},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8901,"depth":131,"text":8902},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":9706},[9707,9709,9710,9711],{"id":9070,"depth":138,"text":9708},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9167,"depth":138,"text":9168},{"id":9292,"depth":138,"text":9293},{"id":9398,"depth":138,"text":9712},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9490,"depth":131,"text":9491},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":9715},[9716,9717,9718,9719,9720],{"id":9604,"depth":138,"text":9605},{"id":9615,"depth":138,"text":9616},{"id":9623,"depth":138,"text":9624},{"id":9632,"depth":138,"text":9633},{"id":9641,"depth":138,"text":9642},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7591,"description":9722},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9729,"title":9730,"body":9731,"description":11925,"extension":2572,"meta":11926,"navigation":134,"path":11927,"seo":11928,"stem":11929,"__hash__":11930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9732,"toc":11887},[9733,9739,9745,9752,9757,9768,9775,9884,9888,9957,9962,9967,9972,9975,9986,9991,9994,10005,10012,10014,10019,10023,10048,10052,10061,10065,10128,10132,10165,10169,10214,10218,10255,10259,10262,10318,10322,10367,10370,10375,10414,10418,10441,10444,10458,10471,10475,10480,10547,10551,10587,10590,10598,10601,10665,10669,10701,10707,10709,10769,10776,10779,10857,10861,10894,10898,10901,10945,10949,10985,10988,11005,11008,11011,11064,11067,11078,11085,11094,11097,11155,11159,11200,11208,11216,11222,11230,11242,11247,11258,11331,11334,11346,11362,11366,11371,11375,11377,11420,11426,11429,11492,11496,11499,11508,11513,11550,11554,11557,11565,11568,11607,11611,11614,11665,11669,11690,11697,11699,11705,11732,11735,11789,11792,11803,11805,11812,11820,11826,11831,11838,11841,11848,11855,11857,11884],[10,9734,4187,9736,4191],{"id":9735},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9737,9738],{},"dict()",[14,9740,9741,9742,9744],{},"The built-in ",[18,9743,9738],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9746,9747,9748,9751],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[76,9749,9750],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9753,9754,9756],{},[18,9755,9738],{}," is commonly used to:",[389,9758,9759,9762,9765],{},[392,9760,9761],{},"create an empty dictionary",[392,9763,9764],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[392,9766,9767],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9769,9770,9771,79],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[269,9772,9774],{"href":9773},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[34,9776,9778],{"className":36,"code":9777,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9779,9780,9815,9826,9830,9869],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9781,9782,9785,9787,9790,9792,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9808,9810,9813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9783,9784],{"class":49},"data ",[43,9786,98],{"class":97},[43,9788,9789],{"class":3510}," dict",[43,9791,145],{"class":53},[43,9793,8286],{"class":9794},"s99_P",[43,9796,98],{"class":97},[43,9798,361],{"class":264},[43,9800,5619],{"class":268},[43,9802,361],{"class":264},[43,9804,108],{"class":53},[43,9806,9807],{"class":9794}," age",[43,9809,98],{"class":97},[43,9811,9812],{"class":104},"25",[43,9814,346],{"class":53},[43,9816,9817,9819,9821,9824],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9818,142],{"class":141},[43,9820,145],{"class":53},[43,9822,9823],{"class":148},"data",[43,9825,346],{"class":53},[43,9827,9828],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,9829,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,9831,9832,9835,9837,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9853,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,9833,9834],{"class":49},"pairs ",[43,9836,98],{"class":97},[43,9838,9839],{"class":53}," [(",[43,9841,361],{"class":264},[43,9843,269],{"class":268},[43,9845,361],{"class":264},[43,9847,108],{"class":53},[43,9849,6113],{"class":104},[43,9851,9852],{"class":53},"),",[43,9854,9855],{"class":53}," (",[43,9857,361],{"class":264},[43,9859,279],{"class":268},[43,9861,361],{"class":264},[43,9863,108],{"class":53},[43,9865,1525],{"class":104},[43,9867,9868],{"class":53},")]\n",[43,9870,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9882],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,9872,142],{"class":141},[43,9874,145],{"class":53},[43,9876,9440],{"class":3510},[43,9878,145],{"class":53},[43,9880,9881],{"class":148},"pairs",[43,9883,2377],{"class":53},[14,9885,9886],{},[76,9887,349],{},[34,9889,9891],{"className":36,"code":9890,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9892,9893,9929],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9894,9895,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9919,9921,9923,9926],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9896,9897],{"class":53},"{",[43,9899,361],{"class":264},[43,9901,8286],{"class":268},[43,9903,361],{"class":264},[43,9905,59],{"class":53},[43,9907,370],{"class":264},[43,9909,5619],{"class":268},[43,9911,361],{"class":264},[43,9913,108],{"class":53},[43,9915,370],{"class":264},[43,9917,9918],{"class":268},"age",[43,9920,361],{"class":264},[43,9922,59],{"class":53},[43,9924,9925],{"class":104}," 25",[43,9927,9928],{"class":53},"}\n",[43,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,9932,9897],{"class":53},[43,9934,361],{"class":264},[43,9936,269],{"class":268},[43,9938,361],{"class":264},[43,9940,59],{"class":53},[43,9942,6113],{"class":104},[43,9944,108],{"class":53},[43,9946,370],{"class":264},[43,9948,279],{"class":268},[43,9950,361],{"class":264},[43,9952,59],{"class":53},[43,9954,1525],{"class":104},[43,9956,9928],{"class":53},[14,9958,230,9959,9961],{},[18,9960,9738],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[81,9963,4289,9965,4292],{"id":9964},"what-dict-does",[18,9966,9738],{},[14,9968,9969,9971],{},[18,9970,9738],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9973,9974],{},"A dictionary:",[389,9976,9977,9980,9983],{},[392,9978,9979],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[392,9981,9982],{},"lets you look up values by key",[392,9984,9985],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9987,9988,9990],{},[18,9989,9738],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9992,9993],{},"Common uses include:",[389,9995,9996,9999,10002],{},[392,9997,9998],{},"making an empty dictionary",[392,10000,10001],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[392,10003,10004],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,10006,10007,10008,79],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[269,10009,10011],{"href":10010},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[81,10013,2763],{"id":2762},[14,10015,10016,10018],{},[18,10017,9738],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1499,10020,10022],{"id":10021},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[34,10024,10026],{"className":36,"code":10025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,10027,10028,10038],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10029,10030,10032,10034,10036],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10031,9784],{"class":49},[43,10033,98],{"class":97},[43,10035,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10037,9262],{"class":53},[43,10039,10040,10042,10044,10046],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10041,142],{"class":141},[43,10043,145],{"class":53},[43,10045,9823],{"class":148},[43,10047,346],{"class":53},[14,10049,10050],{},[76,10051,349],{},[34,10053,10055],{"className":36,"code":10054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{}\n",[18,10056,10057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10058,10059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10060,10054],{"class":53},[1499,10062,10064],{"id":10063},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[34,10066,10068],{"className":36,"code":10067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10069,10070,10104,10118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10071,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10073,9834],{"class":49},[43,10075,98],{"class":97},[43,10077,9839],{"class":53},[43,10079,361],{"class":264},[43,10081,269],{"class":268},[43,10083,361],{"class":264},[43,10085,108],{"class":53},[43,10087,6113],{"class":104},[43,10089,9852],{"class":53},[43,10091,9855],{"class":53},[43,10093,361],{"class":264},[43,10095,279],{"class":268},[43,10097,361],{"class":264},[43,10099,108],{"class":53},[43,10101,1525],{"class":104},[43,10103,9868],{"class":53},[43,10105,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10107,9784],{"class":49},[43,10109,98],{"class":97},[43,10111,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10113,145],{"class":53},[43,10115,9881],{"class":148},[43,10117,346],{"class":53},[43,10119,10120,10122,10124,10126],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,10121,142],{"class":141},[43,10123,145],{"class":53},[43,10125,9823],{"class":148},[43,10127,346],{"class":53},[14,10129,10130],{},[76,10131,349],{},[34,10133,10135],{"className":36,"code":10134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10136,10137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10140,9897],{"class":53},[43,10142,361],{"class":264},[43,10144,269],{"class":268},[43,10146,361],{"class":264},[43,10148,59],{"class":53},[43,10150,6113],{"class":104},[43,10152,108],{"class":53},[43,10154,370],{"class":264},[43,10156,279],{"class":268},[43,10158,361],{"class":264},[43,10160,59],{"class":53},[43,10162,1525],{"class":104},[43,10164,9928],{"class":53},[1499,10166,10168],{"id":10167},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[34,10170,10172],{"className":36,"code":10171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10173,10174,10204],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10175,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10177,9784],{"class":49},[43,10179,98],{"class":97},[43,10181,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10183,145],{"class":53},[43,10185,8286],{"class":9794},[43,10187,98],{"class":97},[43,10189,361],{"class":264},[43,10191,5619],{"class":268},[43,10193,361],{"class":264},[43,10195,108],{"class":53},[43,10197,9807],{"class":9794},[43,10199,98],{"class":97},[43,10201,9812],{"class":104},[43,10203,346],{"class":53},[43,10205,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10207,142],{"class":141},[43,10209,145],{"class":53},[43,10211,9823],{"class":148},[43,10213,346],{"class":53},[14,10215,10216],{},[76,10217,349],{},[34,10219,10221],{"className":36,"code":10220,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,10222,10223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10226,9897],{"class":53},[43,10228,361],{"class":264},[43,10230,8286],{"class":268},[43,10232,361],{"class":264},[43,10234,59],{"class":53},[43,10236,370],{"class":264},[43,10238,5619],{"class":268},[43,10240,361],{"class":264},[43,10242,108],{"class":53},[43,10244,370],{"class":264},[43,10246,9918],{"class":268},[43,10248,361],{"class":264},[43,10250,59],{"class":53},[43,10252,9925],{"class":104},[43,10254,9928],{"class":53},[1499,10256,10258],{"id":10257},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,10260,10261],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[34,10263,10265],{"className":36,"code":10264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10266,10267,10308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10268,10269,10271,10273,10275,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10302,10304,10306],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10270,9784],{"class":49},[43,10272,98],{"class":97},[43,10274,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10276,10277],{"class":53},"([(",[43,10279,361],{"class":264},[43,10281,269],{"class":268},[43,10283,361],{"class":264},[43,10285,108],{"class":53},[43,10287,6113],{"class":104},[43,10289,10290],{"class":53},")],",[43,10292,3166],{"class":9794},[43,10294,98],{"class":97},[43,10296,201],{"class":104},[43,10298,108],{"class":53},[43,10300,10301],{"class":9794}," c",[43,10303,98],{"class":97},[43,10305,181],{"class":104},[43,10307,346],{"class":53},[43,10309,10310,10312,10314,10316],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10311,142],{"class":141},[43,10313,145],{"class":53},[43,10315,9823],{"class":148},[43,10317,346],{"class":53},[14,10319,10320],{},[76,10321,349],{},[34,10323,10325],{"className":36,"code":10324,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,10326,10327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10328,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10330,9897],{"class":53},[43,10332,361],{"class":264},[43,10334,269],{"class":268},[43,10336,361],{"class":264},[43,10338,59],{"class":53},[43,10340,6113],{"class":104},[43,10342,108],{"class":53},[43,10344,370],{"class":264},[43,10346,279],{"class":268},[43,10348,361],{"class":264},[43,10350,59],{"class":53},[43,10352,1525],{"class":104},[43,10354,108],{"class":53},[43,10356,370],{"class":264},[43,10358,288],{"class":268},[43,10360,361],{"class":264},[43,10362,59],{"class":53},[43,10364,1530],{"class":104},[43,10366,9928],{"class":53},[81,10368,10022],{"id":10369},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10371,230,10372,10374],{},[18,10373,9738],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[34,10376,10378],{"className":36,"code":10377,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,10379,10380,10390,10404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10381,10382,10384,10386,10388],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10383,9784],{"class":49},[43,10385,98],{"class":97},[43,10387,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10389,9262],{"class":53},[43,10391,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10393,142],{"class":141},[43,10395,145],{"class":53},[43,10397,3832],{"class":3510},[43,10399,145],{"class":53},[43,10401,9823],{"class":148},[43,10403,2377],{"class":53},[43,10405,10406,10408,10410,10412],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,10407,142],{"class":141},[43,10409,145],{"class":53},[43,10411,9823],{"class":148},[43,10413,346],{"class":53},[14,10415,10416],{},[76,10417,349],{},[34,10419,10421],{"className":36,"code":10420,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,10422,10423,10437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10426,3901],{"class":97},[43,10428,3904],{"class":2671},[43,10430,370],{"class":264},[43,10432,9440],{"class":268},[43,10434,361],{"class":264},[43,10436,3913],{"class":97},[43,10438,10439],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10440,10054],{"class":53},[14,10442,10443],{},"This gives the same result as:",[34,10445,10447],{"className":36,"code":10446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n",[18,10448,10449],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10450,10451,10453,10455],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10452,9784],{"class":49},[43,10454,98],{"class":97},[43,10456,10457],{"class":53}," {}\n",[14,10459,10460,10461,10463,10464,10467,10468,10470],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,10462,4405],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10465,10466],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,10469,9738],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[81,10472,10474],{"id":10473},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10476,10477,10478,79],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,10479,9738],{},[34,10481,10483],{"className":36,"code":10482,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10484,10485,10523,10537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10486,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10488,9834],{"class":49},[43,10490,98],{"class":97},[43,10492,9839],{"class":53},[43,10494,361],{"class":264},[43,10496,8286],{"class":268},[43,10498,361],{"class":264},[43,10500,108],{"class":53},[43,10502,370],{"class":264},[43,10504,5619],{"class":268},[43,10506,361],{"class":264},[43,10508,9852],{"class":53},[43,10510,9855],{"class":53},[43,10512,361],{"class":264},[43,10514,9918],{"class":268},[43,10516,361],{"class":264},[43,10518,108],{"class":53},[43,10520,9925],{"class":104},[43,10522,9868],{"class":53},[43,10524,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10526,9784],{"class":49},[43,10528,98],{"class":97},[43,10530,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10532,145],{"class":53},[43,10534,9881],{"class":148},[43,10536,346],{"class":53},[43,10538,10539,10541,10543,10545],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,10540,142],{"class":141},[43,10542,145],{"class":53},[43,10544,9823],{"class":148},[43,10546,346],{"class":53},[14,10548,10549],{},[76,10550,349],{},[34,10552,10553],{"className":36,"code":10220,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10554,10555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10558,9897],{"class":53},[43,10560,361],{"class":264},[43,10562,8286],{"class":268},[43,10564,361],{"class":264},[43,10566,59],{"class":53},[43,10568,370],{"class":264},[43,10570,5619],{"class":268},[43,10572,361],{"class":264},[43,10574,108],{"class":53},[43,10576,370],{"class":264},[43,10578,9918],{"class":268},[43,10580,361],{"class":264},[43,10582,59],{"class":53},[43,10584,9925],{"class":104},[43,10586,9928],{"class":53},[14,10588,10589],{},"Each pair becomes:",[389,10591,10592,10595],{},[392,10593,10594],{},"the first item as the key",[392,10596,10597],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10599,10600],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[34,10602,10604],{"className":36,"code":10603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10605,10606,10641,10655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10607,10608,10610,10612,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10609,9834],{"class":49},[43,10611,98],{"class":97},[43,10613,10614],{"class":53}," ((",[43,10616,361],{"class":264},[43,10618,269],{"class":268},[43,10620,361],{"class":264},[43,10622,108],{"class":53},[43,10624,6113],{"class":104},[43,10626,9852],{"class":53},[43,10628,9855],{"class":53},[43,10630,361],{"class":264},[43,10632,279],{"class":268},[43,10634,361],{"class":264},[43,10636,108],{"class":53},[43,10638,1525],{"class":104},[43,10640,2377],{"class":53},[43,10642,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10644,9784],{"class":49},[43,10646,98],{"class":97},[43,10648,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10650,145],{"class":53},[43,10652,9881],{"class":148},[43,10654,346],{"class":53},[43,10656,10657,10659,10661,10663],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,10658,142],{"class":141},[43,10660,145],{"class":53},[43,10662,9823],{"class":148},[43,10664,346],{"class":53},[14,10666,10667],{},[76,10668,349],{},[34,10670,10671],{"className":36,"code":10134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10672,10673],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10676,9897],{"class":53},[43,10678,361],{"class":264},[43,10680,269],{"class":268},[43,10682,361],{"class":264},[43,10684,59],{"class":53},[43,10686,6113],{"class":104},[43,10688,108],{"class":53},[43,10690,370],{"class":264},[43,10692,279],{"class":268},[43,10694,361],{"class":264},[43,10696,59],{"class":53},[43,10698,1525],{"class":104},[43,10700,9928],{"class":53},[14,10702,10703,10704,79],{},"Each item must contain ",[76,10705,10706],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10708,1505],{},[34,10710,10712],{"className":36,"code":10711,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10713,10714,10754],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10715,10716,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10717,10718],{"class":49},"bad_data ",[43,10720,98],{"class":97},[43,10722,9839],{"class":53},[43,10724,361],{"class":264},[43,10726,269],{"class":268},[43,10728,361],{"class":264},[43,10730,108],{"class":53},[43,10732,6113],{"class":104},[43,10734,108],{"class":53},[43,10736,10737],{"class":104}," 100",[43,10739,9852],{"class":53},[43,10741,9855],{"class":53},[43,10743,361],{"class":264},[43,10745,279],{"class":268},[43,10747,361],{"class":264},[43,10749,108],{"class":53},[43,10751,1525],{"class":104},[43,10753,9868],{"class":53},[43,10755,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10767],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10757,2836],{"class":49},[43,10759,98],{"class":97},[43,10761,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10763,145],{"class":53},[43,10765,10766],{"class":148},"bad_data",[43,10768,346],{"class":53},[14,10770,10771,10772,10775],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10773,10774],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10777,10778],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[34,10780,10782],{"className":36,"code":10781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10783,10784,10833,10847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10785,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10787,9834],{"class":49},[43,10789,98],{"class":97},[43,10791,9839],{"class":53},[43,10793,361],{"class":264},[43,10795,269],{"class":268},[43,10797,361],{"class":264},[43,10799,108],{"class":53},[43,10801,6113],{"class":104},[43,10803,9852],{"class":53},[43,10805,9855],{"class":53},[43,10807,361],{"class":264},[43,10809,269],{"class":268},[43,10811,361],{"class":264},[43,10813,108],{"class":53},[43,10815,10816],{"class":104}," 99",[43,10818,9852],{"class":53},[43,10820,9855],{"class":53},[43,10822,361],{"class":264},[43,10824,279],{"class":268},[43,10826,361],{"class":264},[43,10828,108],{"class":53},[43,10830,1525],{"class":104},[43,10832,9868],{"class":53},[43,10834,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10836,9784],{"class":49},[43,10838,98],{"class":97},[43,10840,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10842,145],{"class":53},[43,10844,9881],{"class":148},[43,10846,346],{"class":53},[43,10848,10849,10851,10853,10855],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,10850,142],{"class":141},[43,10852,145],{"class":53},[43,10854,9823],{"class":148},[43,10856,346],{"class":53},[14,10858,10859],{},[76,10860,349],{},[34,10862,10864],{"className":36,"code":10863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10865,10866],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10867,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10869,9897],{"class":53},[43,10871,361],{"class":264},[43,10873,269],{"class":268},[43,10875,361],{"class":264},[43,10877,59],{"class":53},[43,10879,10816],{"class":104},[43,10881,108],{"class":53},[43,10883,370],{"class":264},[43,10885,279],{"class":268},[43,10887,361],{"class":264},[43,10889,59],{"class":53},[43,10891,1525],{"class":104},[43,10893,9928],{"class":53},[81,10895,10897],{"id":10896},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10899,10900],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[34,10902,10903],{"className":36,"code":10171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10904,10905,10935],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10906,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10908,9784],{"class":49},[43,10910,98],{"class":97},[43,10912,9789],{"class":3510},[43,10914,145],{"class":53},[43,10916,8286],{"class":9794},[43,10918,98],{"class":97},[43,10920,361],{"class":264},[43,10922,5619],{"class":268},[43,10924,361],{"class":264},[43,10926,108],{"class":53},[43,10928,9807],{"class":9794},[43,10930,98],{"class":97},[43,10932,9812],{"class":104},[43,10934,346],{"class":53},[43,10936,10937,10939,10941,10943],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,10938,142],{"class":141},[43,10940,145],{"class":53},[43,10942,9823],{"class":148},[43,10944,346],{"class":53},[14,10946,10947],{},[76,10948,349],{},[34,10950,10951],{"className":36,"code":10220,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10952,10953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10954,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10956,9897],{"class":53},[43,10958,361],{"class":264},[43,10960,8286],{"class":268},[43,10962,361],{"class":264},[43,10964,59],{"class":53},[43,10966,370],{"class":264},[43,10968,5619],{"class":268},[43,10970,361],{"class":264},[43,10972,108],{"class":53},[43,10974,370],{"class":264},[43,10976,9918],{"class":268},[43,10978,361],{"class":264},[43,10980,59],{"class":53},[43,10982,9925],{"class":104},[43,10984,9928],{"class":53},[14,10986,10987],{},"In this form:",[389,10989,10990,10998],{},[392,10991,10992,10994,10995],{},[18,10993,8286],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10996,10997],{},"'name'",[392,10999,11000,10994,11002],{},[18,11001,9918],{},[18,11003,11004],{},"'age'",[14,11006,11007],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,11009,11010],{},"Valid examples:",[34,11012,11014],{"className":36,"code":11013,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11015,11016,11054],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11017,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11029,11031,11033,11036,11038,11040,11043,11045,11047,11050,11052],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11019,9784],{"class":49},[43,11021,98],{"class":97},[43,11023,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11025,145],{"class":53},[43,11027,11028],{"class":9794},"city",[43,11030,98],{"class":97},[43,11032,361],{"class":264},[43,11034,11035],{"class":268},"Paris",[43,11037,361],{"class":264},[43,11039,108],{"class":53},[43,11041,11042],{"class":9794}," country",[43,11044,98],{"class":97},[43,11046,361],{"class":264},[43,11048,11049],{"class":268},"France",[43,11051,361],{"class":264},[43,11053,346],{"class":53},[43,11055,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11057,142],{"class":141},[43,11059,145],{"class":53},[43,11061,9823],{"class":148},[43,11063,346],{"class":53},[14,11065,11066],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[389,11068,11069,11072,11075],{},[392,11070,11071],{},"spaces",[392,11073,11074],{},"hyphens",[392,11076,11077],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,11079,11080,11081,11084],{},"For example, this is ",[76,11082,11083],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[34,11086,11088],{"className":36,"code":11087,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,11089,11090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11091,11092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11093,11087],{"class":165},[14,11095,11096],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[34,11098,11100],{"className":36,"code":11099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11101,11102,11145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11103,11104,11106,11108,11111,11113,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11105,9784],{"class":49},[43,11107,98],{"class":97},[43,11109,11110],{"class":53}," {",[43,11112,361],{"class":264},[43,11114,11115],{"class":268},"first-name",[43,11117,361],{"class":264},[43,11119,59],{"class":53},[43,11121,370],{"class":264},[43,11123,8295],{"class":268},[43,11125,361],{"class":264},[43,11127,108],{"class":53},[43,11129,370],{"class":264},[43,11131,11132],{"class":268},"first name",[43,11134,361],{"class":264},[43,11136,59],{"class":53},[43,11138,370],{"class":264},[43,11140,8295],{"class":268},[43,11142,361],{"class":264},[43,11144,9928],{"class":53},[43,11146,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11148,142],{"class":141},[43,11150,145],{"class":53},[43,11152,9823],{"class":148},[43,11154,346],{"class":53},[14,11156,11157],{},[76,11158,349],{},[34,11160,11162],{"className":36,"code":11161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,11163,11164],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11165,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11167,9897],{"class":53},[43,11169,361],{"class":264},[43,11171,11115],{"class":268},[43,11173,361],{"class":264},[43,11175,59],{"class":53},[43,11177,370],{"class":264},[43,11179,8295],{"class":268},[43,11181,361],{"class":264},[43,11183,108],{"class":53},[43,11185,370],{"class":264},[43,11187,11132],{"class":268},[43,11189,361],{"class":264},[43,11191,59],{"class":53},[43,11193,370],{"class":264},[43,11195,8295],{"class":268},[43,11197,361],{"class":264},[43,11199,9928],{"class":53},[81,11201,11203,11205,11206],{"id":11202},"dict-vs",[18,11204,9738],{}," vs ",[18,11207,4405],{},[14,11209,11210,11211,1233,11213,11215],{},"Both ",[18,11212,9738],{},[18,11214,4405],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1499,11217,230,11219,11221],{"id":11218},"use-when",[18,11220,4405],{}," when:",[389,11223,11224,11227],{},[392,11225,11226],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[392,11228,11229],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[34,11231,11232],{"className":36,"code":10446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,11233,11234],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11235,11236,11238,11240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11237,9784],{"class":49},[43,11239,98],{"class":97},[43,11241,10457],{"class":53},[1499,11243,230,11245,11221],{"id":11244},"use-dict-when",[18,11246,9738],{},[389,11248,11249,11252,11255],{},[392,11250,11251],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[392,11253,11254],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[392,11256,11257],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[34,11259,11261],{"className":36,"code":11260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,11262,11263,11300],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11264,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11266,9784],{"class":49},[43,11268,98],{"class":97},[43,11270,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11272,10277],{"class":53},[43,11274,361],{"class":264},[43,11276,269],{"class":268},[43,11278,361],{"class":264},[43,11280,108],{"class":53},[43,11282,6113],{"class":104},[43,11284,9852],{"class":53},[43,11286,9855],{"class":53},[43,11288,361],{"class":264},[43,11290,279],{"class":268},[43,11292,361],{"class":264},[43,11294,108],{"class":53},[43,11296,1525],{"class":104},[43,11298,11299],{"class":53},")])\n",[43,11301,11302,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11303,11304],{"class":49},"info ",[43,11306,98],{"class":97},[43,11308,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11310,145],{"class":53},[43,11312,8286],{"class":9794},[43,11314,98],{"class":97},[43,11316,361],{"class":264},[43,11318,5619],{"class":268},[43,11320,361],{"class":264},[43,11322,108],{"class":53},[43,11324,9807],{"class":9794},[43,11326,98],{"class":97},[43,11328,9812],{"class":104},[43,11330,346],{"class":53},[14,11332,11333],{},"So:",[389,11335,11336,11341],{},[392,11337,11338,11340],{},[18,11339,4405],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[392,11342,11343,11345],{},[18,11344,9738],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11347,11348,11349,11353,11354,79],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[269,11350,11352],{"href":11351},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[269,11355,11357,11358,11361],{"href":11356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,11359,11360],{},"get()"," method",[81,11363,11365],{"id":11364},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11367,11368,11369,79],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,11370,9738],{},[1499,11372,11374],{"id":11373},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11376,5141],{},[34,11378,11380],{"className":36,"code":11379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,11381,11382,11406],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11383,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11385,8398],{"class":49},[43,11387,98],{"class":97},[43,11389,101],{"class":53},[43,11391,361],{"class":264},[43,11393,269],{"class":268},[43,11395,361],{"class":264},[43,11397,108],{"class":53},[43,11399,370],{"class":264},[43,11401,279],{"class":268},[43,11403,361],{"class":264},[43,11405,68],{"class":53},[43,11407,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11409,9784],{"class":49},[43,11411,98],{"class":97},[43,11413,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11415,145],{"class":53},[43,11417,8427],{"class":148},[43,11419,346],{"class":53},[14,11421,11422,11423,79],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,11424,11425],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11427,11428],{},"Correct version:",[34,11430,11432],{"className":36,"code":11431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,11433,11434,11468,11482],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11435,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464,11466],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11437,8398],{"class":49},[43,11439,98],{"class":97},[43,11441,9839],{"class":53},[43,11443,361],{"class":264},[43,11445,269],{"class":268},[43,11447,361],{"class":264},[43,11449,108],{"class":53},[43,11451,6113],{"class":104},[43,11453,9852],{"class":53},[43,11455,9855],{"class":53},[43,11457,361],{"class":264},[43,11459,279],{"class":268},[43,11461,361],{"class":264},[43,11463,108],{"class":53},[43,11465,1525],{"class":104},[43,11467,9868],{"class":53},[43,11469,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11471,9784],{"class":49},[43,11473,98],{"class":97},[43,11475,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11477,145],{"class":53},[43,11479,8427],{"class":148},[43,11481,346],{"class":53},[43,11483,11484,11486,11488,11490],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,11485,142],{"class":141},[43,11487,145],{"class":53},[43,11489,9823],{"class":148},[43,11491,346],{"class":53},[1499,11493,11495],{"id":11494},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11497,11498],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[34,11500,11502],{"className":36,"code":11501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,11503,11504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11505,11506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11507,11501],{"class":165},[14,11509,11510,11511,59],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,11512,98],{},[34,11514,11516],{"className":36,"code":11515,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11517,11518,11540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11521,9784],{"class":49},[43,11523,98],{"class":97},[43,11525,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11527,145],{"class":53},[43,11529,8286],{"class":9794},[43,11531,98],{"class":97},[43,11533,361],{"class":264},[43,11535,5619],{"class":268},[43,11537,361],{"class":264},[43,11539,346],{"class":53},[43,11541,11542,11544,11546,11548],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11543,142],{"class":141},[43,11545,145],{"class":53},[43,11547,9823],{"class":148},[43,11549,346],{"class":53},[1499,11551,11553],{"id":11552},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11555,11556],{},"This will not work:",[34,11558,11559],{"className":36,"code":11087,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,11560,11561],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11562,11563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11564,11087],{"class":165},[14,11566,11567],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[34,11569,11571],{"className":36,"code":11570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11572,11573,11597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11574,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11576,9784],{"class":49},[43,11578,98],{"class":97},[43,11580,11110],{"class":53},[43,11582,361],{"class":264},[43,11584,11115],{"class":268},[43,11586,361],{"class":264},[43,11588,59],{"class":53},[43,11590,370],{"class":264},[43,11592,8295],{"class":268},[43,11594,361],{"class":264},[43,11596,9928],{"class":53},[43,11598,11599,11601,11603,11605],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11600,142],{"class":141},[43,11602,145],{"class":53},[43,11604,9823],{"class":148},[43,11606,346],{"class":53},[1499,11608,11610],{"id":11609},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11612,11613],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[34,11615,11617],{"className":36,"code":11616,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11618,11619,11655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11620,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11622,9784],{"class":49},[43,11624,98],{"class":97},[43,11626,9789],{"class":3510},[43,11628,10277],{"class":53},[43,11630,361],{"class":264},[43,11632,2780],{"class":268},[43,11634,361],{"class":264},[43,11636,108],{"class":53},[43,11638,6113],{"class":104},[43,11640,9852],{"class":53},[43,11642,9855],{"class":53},[43,11644,361],{"class":264},[43,11646,2780],{"class":268},[43,11648,361],{"class":264},[43,11650,108],{"class":53},[43,11652,1525],{"class":104},[43,11654,11299],{"class":53},[43,11656,11657,11659,11661,11663],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11658,142],{"class":141},[43,11660,145],{"class":53},[43,11662,9823],{"class":148},[43,11664,346],{"class":53},[14,11666,11667],{},[76,11668,349],{},[34,11670,11672],{"className":36,"code":11671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11673,11674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11675,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11677,9897],{"class":53},[43,11679,361],{"class":264},[43,11681,2780],{"class":268},[43,11683,361],{"class":264},[43,11685,59],{"class":53},[43,11687,1525],{"class":104},[43,11689,9928],{"class":53},[14,11691,11692,11693,79],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[269,11694,11696],{"href":11695},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[81,11698,3438],{"id":3437},[14,11700,11701,11702,11704],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11703,9738],{}," include:",[389,11706,11707,11717,11723,11726],{},[392,11708,11709,11710,11713,11714],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11711,11712],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11715,11716],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[392,11718,11719,11720],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11721,11722],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[392,11724,11725],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[392,11727,11728,11729,11731],{},"confusing ",[18,11730,9738],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11733,11734],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[34,11736,11738],{"className":36,"code":11737,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11739,11740,11754,11764,11775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11741,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11743,142],{"class":141},[43,11745,145],{"class":53},[43,11747,3832],{"class":3510},[43,11749,145],{"class":53},[43,11751,9823],{"class":148},[43,11753,2377],{"class":53},[43,11755,11756,11758,11760,11762],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11757,142],{"class":141},[43,11759,145],{"class":53},[43,11761,9823],{"class":148},[43,11763,346],{"class":53},[43,11765,11766,11768,11770,11773],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,11767,142],{"class":141},[43,11769,145],{"class":53},[43,11771,11772],{"class":148},"list_of_pairs",[43,11774,346],{"class":53},[43,11776,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,11778,142],{"class":141},[43,11780,145],{"class":53},[43,11782,2370],{"class":141},[43,11784,145],{"class":53},[43,11786,11772],{"class":148},[43,11788,2377],{"class":53},[14,11790,11791],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[389,11793,11794,11797,11800],{},[392,11795,11796],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[392,11798,11799],{},"what data is being passed in",[392,11801,11802],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[81,11804,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,11806,5794,11808,1233,11810,2490],{"id":11807},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11809,9738],{},[18,11811,4405],{},[14,11813,11814,11816,11817,11819],{},[18,11815,4405],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11818,9738],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1499,11821,5784,11823,11825],{"id":11822},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11824,9738],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11827,11828,11829,79],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11830,11716],{},[1499,11832,5772,11834,11837],{"id":11833},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11835,11836],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11839,11840],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1499,11842,11844,11845,11847],{"id":11843},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11846,9738],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11849,11850,11851,11854],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11852,11853],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[81,11856,2497],{"id":2496},[389,11858,11859,11864,11868,11873,11879],{},[392,11860,11861],{},[269,11862,11863],{"href":10010},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[392,11865,11866],{},[269,11867,9774],{"href":9773},[392,11869,11870],{},[269,11871,11872],{"href":11351},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[392,11874,11875],{},[269,11876,11357,11877,11361],{"href":11356},[18,11878,11360],{},[392,11880,11881],{},[269,11882,11883],{"href":11695},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2536,11885,11886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":11888},[11889,11891,11897,11898,11899,11900,11907,11913,11914,11924],{"id":9964,"depth":131,"text":11890},"What dict() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":11892},[11893,11894,11895,11896],{"id":10021,"depth":138,"text":10022},{"id":10063,"depth":138,"text":10064},{"id":10167,"depth":138,"text":10168},{"id":10257,"depth":138,"text":10258},{"id":10369,"depth":131,"text":10022},{"id":10473,"depth":131,"text":10474},{"id":10896,"depth":131,"text":10897},{"id":11202,"depth":131,"text":11901,"children":11902},"dict() vs {}",[11903,11905],{"id":11218,"depth":138,"text":11904},"Use {} when:",{"id":11244,"depth":138,"text":11906},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11364,"depth":131,"text":11365,"children":11908},[11909,11910,11911,11912],{"id":11373,"depth":138,"text":11374},{"id":11494,"depth":138,"text":11495},{"id":11552,"depth":138,"text":11553},{"id":11609,"depth":138,"text":11610},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":11915},[11916,11918,11920,11922],{"id":11807,"depth":138,"text":11917},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11822,"depth":138,"text":11919},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11833,"depth":138,"text":11921},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11843,"depth":138,"text":11923},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9730,"description":11925},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11932,"title":11933,"body":11934,"description":13446,"extension":2572,"meta":13447,"navigation":134,"path":13448,"seo":13449,"stem":13450,"__hash__":13451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11935,"toc":13415},[11936,11944,11950,11957,11959,12020,12025,12030,12035,12053,12056,12060,12062,12078,12081,12094,12098,12101,12235,12237,12304,12307,12323,12329,12335,12338,12420,12422,12436,12440,12446,12511,12513,12521,12524,12547,12553,12616,12622,12625,12639,12652,12656,12667,12672,12683,12690,12694,12700,12822,12824,12850,12853,12870,12873,12984,12986,13035,13037,13050,13059,13064,13069,13080,13082,13185,13208,13210,13214,13233,13236,13294,13297,13323,13325,13332,13335,13341,13345,13352,13360,13366,13369,13371,13412],[10,11937,11939,11940,11943],{"id":11938},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11941,11942],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11945,11946,11949],{},[18,11947,11948],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11951,11952,11953,11956],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[76,11954,11955],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[81,11958,84],{"id":83},[34,11960,11962],{"className":36,"code":11961,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11963,11964,11996,12007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11965,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11967,9784],{"class":49},[43,11969,98],{"class":97},[43,11971,11110],{"class":53},[43,11973,265],{"class":264},[43,11975,269],{"class":268},[43,11977,265],{"class":264},[43,11979,59],{"class":53},[43,11981,6113],{"class":104},[43,11983,108],{"class":53},[43,11985,276],{"class":264},[43,11987,279],{"class":268},[43,11989,265],{"class":264},[43,11991,59],{"class":53},[43,11993,1525],{"class":104},[43,11995,9928],{"class":53},[43,11997,11998,12000,12002,12005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,11999,9823],{"class":49},[43,12001,79],{"class":53},[43,12003,12004],{"class":148},"clear",[43,12006,9262],{"class":53},[43,12008,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12010,142],{"class":141},[43,12012,145],{"class":53},[43,12014,9823],{"class":148},[43,12016,4272],{"class":53},[43,12018,12019],{"class":165},"  # {}\n",[14,12021,12022,12024],{},[18,12023,11942],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[81,12026,4289,12028,4292],{"id":12027},"what-clear-does",[18,12029,11942],{},[14,12031,1242,12032,12034],{},[18,12033,11942],{}," method:",[389,12036,12037,12040,12043,12048],{},[392,12038,12039],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[392,12041,12042],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[392,12044,12045,12046],{},"Returns ",[18,12047,4391],{},[392,12049,12050,12051],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,12052,4405],{},[14,12054,12055],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,12057,9770,12058,79],{},[269,12059,9774],{"href":9773},[81,12061,2763],{"id":2762},[34,12063,12065],{"className":36,"code":12064,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,12066,12067],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12068,12069,12072,12074,12076],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12070,12071],{"class":49},"my_dict",[43,12073,79],{"class":53},[43,12075,12004],{"class":148},[43,12077,9262],{"class":53},[14,12079,12080],{},"Important points:",[389,12082,12083,12088,12091],{},[392,12084,12085,12087],{},[18,12086,11942],{}," takes no arguments",[392,12089,12090],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[392,12092,12093],{},"It empties that dictionary",[81,12095,12097],{"id":12096},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,12099,12100],{},"Here is a basic example:",[34,12102,12104],{"className":36,"code":12103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,12105,12106,12116,12137,12151,12168,12172,12176,12196,12200,12211,12215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12107,12108,12111,12113],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12109,12110],{"class":49},"user ",[43,12112,98],{"class":97},[43,12114,12115],{"class":53}," {\n",[43,12117,12118,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12132,12134],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12119,12120],{"class":264},"    \"",[43,12122,8286],{"class":268},[43,12124,265],{"class":264},[43,12126,59],{"class":53},[43,12128,276],{"class":264},[43,12130,12131],{"class":268},"Maya",[43,12133,265],{"class":264},[43,12135,12136],{"class":53},",\n",[43,12138,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147,12149],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12140,12120],{"class":264},[43,12142,9918],{"class":268},[43,12144,265],{"class":264},[43,12146,59],{"class":53},[43,12148,9925],{"class":104},[43,12150,12136],{"class":53},[43,12152,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12166],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12154,12120],{"class":264},[43,12156,11028],{"class":268},[43,12158,265],{"class":264},[43,12160,59],{"class":53},[43,12162,276],{"class":264},[43,12164,12165],{"class":268},"Berlin",[43,12167,3969],{"class":264},[43,12169,12170],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,12171,9928],{"class":53},[43,12173,12174],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,12175,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12177,12178,12180,12182,12184,12187,12189,12191,12194],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,12179,142],{"class":141},[43,12181,145],{"class":53},[43,12183,265],{"class":264},[43,12185,12186],{"class":268},"Before:",[43,12188,265],{"class":264},[43,12190,108],{"class":53},[43,12192,12193],{"class":148}," user",[43,12195,346],{"class":53},[43,12197,12198],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,12199,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12201,12202,12205,12207,12209],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,12203,12204],{"class":49},"user",[43,12206,79],{"class":53},[43,12208,12004],{"class":148},[43,12210,9262],{"class":53},[43,12212,12213],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,12214,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12227,12229,12231,12233],{"class":45,"line":12217},11,[43,12219,142],{"class":141},[43,12221,145],{"class":53},[43,12223,265],{"class":264},[43,12225,12226],{"class":268},"After:",[43,12228,265],{"class":264},[43,12230,108],{"class":53},[43,12232,12193],{"class":148},[43,12234,346],{"class":53},[14,12236,6175],{},[34,12238,12240],{"className":36,"code":12239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,12241,12242,12295],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12243,12244,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12245,12246],{"class":49},"Before",[43,12248,59],{"class":53},[43,12250,11110],{"class":53},[43,12252,361],{"class":264},[43,12254,8286],{"class":268},[43,12256,361],{"class":264},[43,12258,59],{"class":53},[43,12260,370],{"class":264},[43,12262,12131],{"class":268},[43,12264,361],{"class":264},[43,12266,108],{"class":53},[43,12268,370],{"class":264},[43,12270,9918],{"class":268},[43,12272,361],{"class":264},[43,12274,59],{"class":53},[43,12276,9925],{"class":104},[43,12278,108],{"class":53},[43,12280,370],{"class":264},[43,12282,11028],{"class":268},[43,12284,361],{"class":264},[43,12286,59],{"class":53},[43,12288,370],{"class":264},[43,12290,12165],{"class":268},[43,12292,361],{"class":264},[43,12294,9928],{"class":53},[43,12296,12297,12300,12302],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12298,12299],{"class":49},"After",[43,12301,59],{"class":53},[43,12303,10457],{"class":53},[14,12305,12306],{},"What happens here:",[389,12308,12309,12314,12320],{},[392,12310,12311,12313],{},[18,12312,12204],{}," starts with three items",[392,12315,12316,12319],{},[18,12317,12318],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[392,12321,12322],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[81,12324,4289,12326,12328],{"id":12325},"what-clear-returns",[18,12327,11942],{}," returns",[14,12330,12331,3004,12333,79],{},[18,12332,11942],{},[18,12334,4391],{},[14,12336,12337],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[34,12339,12341],{"className":36,"code":12340,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12342,12343,12377,12381,12396,12400,12410],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12344,12345,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12369,12371,12373,12375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12346,12347],{"class":49},"my_dict ",[43,12349,98],{"class":97},[43,12351,11110],{"class":53},[43,12353,265],{"class":264},[43,12355,2780],{"class":268},[43,12357,265],{"class":264},[43,12359,59],{"class":53},[43,12361,6113],{"class":104},[43,12363,108],{"class":53},[43,12365,276],{"class":264},[43,12367,12368],{"class":268},"y",[43,12370,265],{"class":264},[43,12372,59],{"class":53},[43,12374,1525],{"class":104},[43,12376,9928],{"class":53},[43,12378,12379],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12380,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12382,12383,12385,12387,12390,12392,12394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12384,2836],{"class":49},[43,12386,98],{"class":97},[43,12388,12389],{"class":49}," my_dict",[43,12391,79],{"class":53},[43,12393,12004],{"class":148},[43,12395,9262],{"class":53},[43,12397,12398],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12399,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12401,12402,12404,12406,12408],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,12403,142],{"class":141},[43,12405,145],{"class":53},[43,12407,2871],{"class":148},[43,12409,346],{"class":53},[43,12411,12412,12414,12416,12418],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,12413,142],{"class":141},[43,12415,145],{"class":53},[43,12417,12071],{"class":148},[43,12419,346],{"class":53},[14,12421,349],{},[34,12423,12425],{"className":36,"code":12424,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n{}\n",[18,12426,12427,12432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12428,12429],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12430,12431],{"class":4466},"None\n",[43,12433,12434],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12435,10054],{"class":53},[1499,12437,12439],{"id":12438},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12441,12442,12443,12445],{},"Do ",[76,12444,1957],{}," do this:",[34,12447,12449],{"className":36,"code":12448,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12450,12451,12483,12497,12501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12452,12453,12455,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12454,12347],{"class":49},[43,12456,98],{"class":97},[43,12458,11110],{"class":53},[43,12460,265],{"class":264},[43,12462,2780],{"class":268},[43,12464,265],{"class":264},[43,12466,59],{"class":53},[43,12468,6113],{"class":104},[43,12470,108],{"class":53},[43,12472,276],{"class":264},[43,12474,12368],{"class":268},[43,12476,265],{"class":264},[43,12478,59],{"class":53},[43,12480,1525],{"class":104},[43,12482,9928],{"class":53},[43,12484,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12486,12347],{"class":49},[43,12488,98],{"class":97},[43,12490,12389],{"class":49},[43,12492,79],{"class":53},[43,12494,12004],{"class":148},[43,12496,9262],{"class":53},[43,12498,12499],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12500,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12502,12503,12505,12507,12509],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12504,142],{"class":141},[43,12506,145],{"class":53},[43,12508,12071],{"class":148},[43,12510,346],{"class":53},[14,12512,349],{},[34,12514,12515],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,12516,12517],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12518,12519],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12520,12431],{"class":4466},[14,12522,12523],{},"Why this happens:",[389,12525,12526,12532,12537],{},[392,12527,12528,12531],{},[18,12529,12530],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[392,12533,12534,12535],{},"The method returns ",[18,12536,4391],{},[392,12538,12539,12540,12543,12544,12546],{},"Then ",[18,12541,12542],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,12545,4391],{}," in the variable",[14,12548,12549,12550,12552],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,12551,11942],{}," by itself:",[34,12554,12556],{"className":36,"code":12555,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,12557,12558,12590,12600,12604],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12559,12560,12562,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12561,12347],{"class":49},[43,12563,98],{"class":97},[43,12565,11110],{"class":53},[43,12567,265],{"class":264},[43,12569,2780],{"class":268},[43,12571,265],{"class":264},[43,12573,59],{"class":53},[43,12575,6113],{"class":104},[43,12577,108],{"class":53},[43,12579,276],{"class":264},[43,12581,12368],{"class":268},[43,12583,265],{"class":264},[43,12585,59],{"class":53},[43,12587,1525],{"class":104},[43,12589,9928],{"class":53},[43,12591,12592,12594,12596,12598],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12593,12071],{"class":49},[43,12595,79],{"class":53},[43,12597,12004],{"class":148},[43,12599,9262],{"class":53},[43,12601,12602],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12603,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12605,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12607,142],{"class":141},[43,12609,145],{"class":53},[43,12611,12071],{"class":148},[43,12613,4272],{"class":53},[43,12615,12019],{"class":165},[81,12617,12619,12621],{"id":12618},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12620,11942],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12623,12624],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[34,12626,12627],{"className":36,"code":12064,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,12628,12629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12630,12631,12633,12635,12637],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12632,12071],{"class":49},[43,12634,79],{"class":53},[43,12636,12004],{"class":148},[43,12638,9262],{"class":53},[34,12640,12642],{"className":36,"code":12641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12643,12644],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12645,12646,12648,12650],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12647,12347],{"class":49},[43,12649,98],{"class":97},[43,12651,10457],{"class":53},[1499,12653,12654],{"id":12004},[18,12655,11942],{},[389,12657,12658,12661,12664],{},[392,12659,12660],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[392,12662,12663],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[392,12665,12666],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1499,12668,12669],{"id":12071},[18,12670,12671],{},"my_dict = {}",[389,12673,12674,12677,12680],{},[392,12675,12676],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[392,12678,12679],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[392,12681,12682],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12684,12685,12686,79],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[269,12687,12689],{"href":12688},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[81,12691,12693],{"id":12692},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12695,12696,12697,12699],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12698,11942],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[34,12701,12703],{"className":36,"code":12702,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12704,12705,12738,12748,12752,12763,12767,12787,12807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12706,12707,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12708,12709],{"class":49},"original ",[43,12711,98],{"class":97},[43,12713,11110],{"class":53},[43,12715,265],{"class":264},[43,12717,269],{"class":268},[43,12719,265],{"class":264},[43,12721,59],{"class":53},[43,12723,6113],{"class":104},[43,12725,108],{"class":53},[43,12727,276],{"class":264},[43,12729,279],{"class":268},[43,12731,265],{"class":264},[43,12733,59],{"class":53},[43,12735,1525],{"class":104},[43,12737,9928],{"class":53},[43,12739,12740,12743,12745],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12741,12742],{"class":49},"other_ref ",[43,12744,98],{"class":97},[43,12746,12747],{"class":49}," original\n",[43,12749,12750],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12751,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12753,12754,12757,12759,12761],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12755,12756],{"class":49},"original",[43,12758,79],{"class":53},[43,12760,12004],{"class":148},[43,12762,9262],{"class":53},[43,12764,12765],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,12766,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12768,12769,12771,12773,12775,12778,12780,12782,12785],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,12770,142],{"class":141},[43,12772,145],{"class":53},[43,12774,265],{"class":264},[43,12776,12777],{"class":268},"original:",[43,12779,265],{"class":264},[43,12781,108],{"class":53},[43,12783,12784],{"class":148}," original",[43,12786,346],{"class":53},[43,12788,12789,12791,12793,12795,12798,12800,12802,12805],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,12790,142],{"class":141},[43,12792,145],{"class":53},[43,12794,265],{"class":264},[43,12796,12797],{"class":268},"other_ref:",[43,12799,265],{"class":264},[43,12801,108],{"class":53},[43,12803,12804],{"class":148}," other_ref",[43,12806,346],{"class":53},[43,12808,12809,12811,12813,12815,12818,12820],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,12810,142],{"class":141},[43,12812,145],{"class":53},[43,12814,12709],{"class":148},[43,12816,12817],{"class":4491},"is",[43,12819,12804],{"class":148},[43,12821,346],{"class":53},[14,12823,349],{},[34,12825,12827],{"className":36,"code":12826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12828,12829,12837,12846],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12830,12831,12833,12835],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12832,12756],{"class":49},[43,12834,59],{"class":53},[43,12836,10457],{"class":53},[43,12838,12839,12842,12844],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12840,12841],{"class":49},"other_ref",[43,12843,59],{"class":53},[43,12845,10457],{"class":53},[43,12847,12848],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12849,4594],{"class":4466},[14,12851,12852],{},"This shows:",[389,12854,12855,12862,12867],{},[392,12856,12857,1233,12859,12861],{},[18,12858,12756],{},[18,12860,12841],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[392,12863,12864,12866],{},[18,12865,11942],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[392,12868,12869],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12871,12872],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[34,12874,12876],{"className":36,"code":12875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12877,12878,12910,12918,12922,12930,12934,12952,12970],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12879,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902,12904,12906,12908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12881,12709],{"class":49},[43,12883,98],{"class":97},[43,12885,11110],{"class":53},[43,12887,265],{"class":264},[43,12889,269],{"class":268},[43,12891,265],{"class":264},[43,12893,59],{"class":53},[43,12895,6113],{"class":104},[43,12897,108],{"class":53},[43,12899,276],{"class":264},[43,12901,279],{"class":268},[43,12903,265],{"class":264},[43,12905,59],{"class":53},[43,12907,1525],{"class":104},[43,12909,9928],{"class":53},[43,12911,12912,12914,12916],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,12913,12742],{"class":49},[43,12915,98],{"class":97},[43,12917,12747],{"class":49},[43,12919,12920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,12921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12923,12924,12926,12928],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,12925,12709],{"class":49},[43,12927,98],{"class":97},[43,12929,10457],{"class":53},[43,12931,12932],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,12933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,12935,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,12937,142],{"class":141},[43,12939,145],{"class":53},[43,12941,265],{"class":264},[43,12943,12777],{"class":268},[43,12945,265],{"class":264},[43,12947,108],{"class":53},[43,12949,12784],{"class":148},[43,12951,346],{"class":53},[43,12953,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,12955,142],{"class":141},[43,12957,145],{"class":53},[43,12959,265],{"class":264},[43,12961,12797],{"class":268},[43,12963,265],{"class":264},[43,12965,108],{"class":53},[43,12967,12804],{"class":148},[43,12969,346],{"class":53},[43,12971,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,12973,142],{"class":141},[43,12975,145],{"class":53},[43,12977,12709],{"class":148},[43,12979,12817],{"class":4491},[43,12981,12804],{"class":148},[43,12983,346],{"class":53},[14,12985,349],{},[34,12987,12989],{"className":36,"code":12988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12990,12991,12999,13031],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12992,12993,12995,12997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12994,12756],{"class":49},[43,12996,59],{"class":53},[43,12998,10457],{"class":53},[43,13000,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13002,12841],{"class":49},[43,13004,59],{"class":53},[43,13006,11110],{"class":53},[43,13008,361],{"class":264},[43,13010,269],{"class":268},[43,13012,361],{"class":264},[43,13014,59],{"class":53},[43,13016,6113],{"class":104},[43,13018,108],{"class":53},[43,13020,370],{"class":264},[43,13022,279],{"class":268},[43,13024,361],{"class":264},[43,13026,59],{"class":53},[43,13028,1525],{"class":104},[43,13030,9928],{"class":53},[43,13032,13033],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13034,4655],{"class":4466},[14,13036,2785],{},[389,13038,13039,13045],{},[392,13040,13041,13044],{},[18,13042,13043],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[392,13046,13047,13049],{},[18,13048,12841],{}," still points to the old one",[14,13051,13052,13053,79],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[269,13054,13056],{"href":13055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,13057,13058],{},"dict.copy()",[81,13060,5576,13062],{"id":13061},"when-to-use-clear",[18,13063,11942],{},[14,13065,13066,13068],{},[18,13067,11942],{}," is useful when you want to:",[389,13070,13071,13074,13077],{},[392,13072,13073],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[392,13075,13076],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[392,13078,13079],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,13081,494],{},[34,13083,13085],{"className":36,"code":13084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,13086,13087,13096,13112,13132,13145,13149,13153,13158,13169,13173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13088,13089,13092,13094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13090,13091],{"class":49},"session_data ",[43,13093,98],{"class":97},[43,13095,12115],{"class":53},[43,13097,13098,13100,13103,13105,13107,13110],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13099,12120],{"class":264},[43,13101,13102],{"class":268},"user_id",[43,13104,265],{"class":264},[43,13106,59],{"class":53},[43,13108,13109],{"class":104}," 101",[43,13111,12136],{"class":53},[43,13113,13114,13116,13119,13121,13123,13125,13128,13130],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13115,12120],{"class":264},[43,13117,13118],{"class":268},"theme",[43,13120,265],{"class":264},[43,13122,59],{"class":53},[43,13124,276],{"class":264},[43,13126,13127],{"class":268},"dark",[43,13129,265],{"class":264},[43,13131,12136],{"class":53},[43,13133,13134,13136,13139,13141,13143],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,13135,12120],{"class":264},[43,13137,13138],{"class":268},"logged_in",[43,13140,265],{"class":264},[43,13142,59],{"class":53},[43,13144,7038],{"class":4466},[43,13146,13147],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,13148,9928],{"class":53},[43,13150,13151],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,13152,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13154,13155],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,13156,13157],{"class":165},"# Reset for a new session\n",[43,13159,13160,13163,13165,13167],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,13161,13162],{"class":49},"session_data",[43,13164,79],{"class":53},[43,13166,12004],{"class":148},[43,13168,9262],{"class":53},[43,13170,13171],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,13172,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13174,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,13176,142],{"class":141},[43,13178,145],{"class":53},[43,13180,13162],{"class":148},[43,13182,4272],{"class":53},[43,13184,12019],{"class":165},[14,13186,13187,13188,13194,13195,79,13199,13201,13202,79],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[269,13189,13191],{"href":13190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,13192,13193],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[269,13196,13198],{"href":13197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10465,13200],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[269,13203,13205],{"href":13204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,13206,13207],{},"dict.popitem()",[81,13209,3438],{"id":3437},[14,13211,11368,13212,59],{},[18,13213,11942],{},[389,13215,13216,13222,13227,13230],{},[392,13217,13218,13219,13221],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,13220,11942],{}," to a variable",[392,13223,9071,13224,13226],{},[18,13225,11942],{}," to return a new dictionary",[392,13228,13229],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[392,13231,13232],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,13234,13235],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[34,13237,13239],{"className":36,"code":13238,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,13240,13241,13251,13265,13280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13242,13243,13245,13247,13249],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13244,142],{"class":141},[43,13246,145],{"class":53},[43,13248,12071],{"class":148},[43,13250,346],{"class":53},[43,13252,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13254,142],{"class":141},[43,13256,145],{"class":53},[43,13258,3832],{"class":3510},[43,13260,145],{"class":53},[43,13262,12071],{"class":148},[43,13264,2377],{"class":53},[43,13266,13267,13269,13271,13274,13276,13278],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13268,142],{"class":141},[43,13270,145],{"class":53},[43,13272,13273],{"class":141},"id",[43,13275,145],{"class":53},[43,13277,12071],{"class":148},[43,13279,2377],{"class":53},[43,13281,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,13283,142],{"class":141},[43,13285,145],{"class":53},[43,13287,12742],{"class":148},[43,13289,12817],{"class":4491},[43,13291,12389],{"class":148},[43,13293,346],{"class":53},[14,13295,13296],{},"What these show:",[389,13298,13299,13305,13311,13317],{},[392,13300,13301,13304],{},[18,13302,13303],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[392,13306,13307,13310],{},[18,13308,13309],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[392,13312,13313,13316],{},[18,13314,13315],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[392,13318,13319,13322],{},[18,13320,13321],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[81,13324,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,13326,13328,13329,13331],{"id":13327},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,13330,11942],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13333,13334],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1499,13336,2476,13338,13340],{"id":13337},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,13339,11948],{}," return?",[14,13342,5762,13343,79],{},[18,13344,4391],{},[1499,13346,5794,13348,1233,13350,2490],{"id":13347},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,13349,11942],{},[18,13351,4405],{},[14,13353,13354,13356,13357,13359],{},[18,13355,11942],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,13358,4405],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1499,13361,13328,13363,13365],{"id":13362},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,13364,11942],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13367,13368],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[81,13370,2497],{"id":2496},[389,13372,13373,13377,13381,13388,13395,13402,13407],{},[392,13374,13375],{},[269,13376,9774],{"href":9773},[392,13378,13379],{},[269,13380,11863],{"href":10010},[392,13382,13383],{},[269,13384,11357,13385,11361],{"href":13190},[18,13386,13387],{},"pop()",[392,13389,13390],{},[269,13391,11357,13392,11361],{"href":13204},[18,13393,13394],{},"popitem()",[392,13396,13397],{},[269,13398,11357,13399,11361],{"href":13055},[18,13400,13401],{},"copy()",[392,13403,13404],{},[269,13405,13406],{"href":12688},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[392,13408,13409],{},[269,13410,13411],{"href":13197},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2536,13413,13414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":13416},[13417,13418,13420,13421,13422,13426,13431,13432,13434,13435,13445],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":12027,"depth":131,"text":13419},"What clear() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":12325,"depth":131,"text":13423,"children":13424},"What clear() returns",[13425],{"id":12438,"depth":138,"text":12439},{"id":12618,"depth":131,"text":13427,"children":13428},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13429,13430],{"id":12004,"depth":138,"text":11942},{"id":12071,"depth":138,"text":12671},{"id":12692,"depth":131,"text":12693},{"id":13061,"depth":131,"text":13433},"When to use clear()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":13436},[13437,13439,13441,13443],{"id":13327,"depth":138,"text":13438},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13337,"depth":138,"text":13440},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13347,"depth":138,"text":13442},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13362,"depth":138,"text":13444},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11933,"description":13446},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13453,"title":13454,"body":13455,"description":15620,"extension":2572,"meta":15621,"navigation":134,"path":15622,"seo":15623,"stem":15624,"__hash__":15625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13456,"toc":15592},[13457,13462,13467,13477,13479,13568,13572,13613,13618,13625,13643,13652,13654,13675,13677,13689,13691,13770,13774,13815,13817,13820,13948,13952,14032,14035,14053,14056,14060,14066,14068,14079,14081,14276,14280,14386,14388,14406,14409,14416,14421,14425,14439,14441,14568,14572,14652,14665,14671,14674,14682,14686,14812,14816,14890,14895,15026,15030,15104,15107,15121,15125,15129,15143,15145,15281,15285,15354,15356,15361,15383,15386,15493,15496,15507,15513,15515,15521,15524,15531,15534,15541,15549,15553,15556,15558,15589],[10,13458,11939,13460,11943],{"id":13459},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,13461,13401],{},[14,13463,13464,13466],{},[18,13465,13058],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13468,13469,13470,13472,13473,13476],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,13471,13401],{}," makes a ",[76,13474,13475],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[81,13478,84],{"id":83},[34,13480,13482],{"className":36,"code":13481,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,13483,13484,13522,13539,13543,13554],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13485,13486,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13487,13488],{"class":49},"student ",[43,13490,98],{"class":97},[43,13492,11110],{"class":53},[43,13494,265],{"class":264},[43,13496,8286],{"class":268},[43,13498,265],{"class":264},[43,13500,59],{"class":53},[43,13502,276],{"class":264},[43,13504,13505],{"class":268},"Ana",[43,13507,265],{"class":264},[43,13509,108],{"class":53},[43,13511,276],{"class":264},[43,13513,9918],{"class":268},[43,13515,265],{"class":264},[43,13517,59],{"class":53},[43,13519,111],{"class":104},[43,13521,9928],{"class":53},[43,13523,13524,13527,13529,13532,13534,13537],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13525,13526],{"class":49},"student_copy ",[43,13528,98],{"class":97},[43,13530,13531],{"class":49}," student",[43,13533,79],{"class":53},[43,13535,13536],{"class":148},"copy",[43,13538,9262],{"class":53},[43,13540,13541],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13542,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13544,13545,13547,13549,13552],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,13546,142],{"class":141},[43,13548,145],{"class":53},[43,13550,13551],{"class":148},"student_copy",[43,13553,346],{"class":53},[43,13555,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,13557,142],{"class":141},[43,13559,145],{"class":53},[43,13561,13526],{"class":148},[43,13563,12817],{"class":4491},[43,13565,13531],{"class":148},[43,13567,346],{"class":53},[14,13569,13570],{},[76,13571,349],{},[34,13573,13575],{"className":36,"code":13574,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,13576,13577,13609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13578,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13580,9897],{"class":53},[43,13582,361],{"class":264},[43,13584,8286],{"class":268},[43,13586,361],{"class":264},[43,13588,59],{"class":53},[43,13590,370],{"class":264},[43,13592,13505],{"class":268},[43,13594,361],{"class":264},[43,13596,108],{"class":53},[43,13598,370],{"class":264},[43,13600,9918],{"class":268},[43,13602,361],{"class":264},[43,13604,59],{"class":53},[43,13606,111],{"class":104},[43,13608,9928],{"class":53},[43,13610,13611],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13612,4655],{"class":4466},[14,13614,230,13615,13617],{},[18,13616,13401],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[81,13619,13621,13622,13624],{"id":13620},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13623,13401],{}," method does",[389,13626,13627,13632,13635,13640],{},[392,13628,13629,13631],{},[18,13630,13058],{}," returns a new dictionary",[392,13633,13634],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[392,13636,13637,13638],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13639,13401],{},[392,13641,13642],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13644,13645,13646,3486,13649,79],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[269,13647,9774],{"href":13648},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[269,13650,10011],{"href":13651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[81,13653,2763],{"id":2762},[34,13655,13657],{"className":36,"code":13656,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13658,13659],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13660,13661,13664,13666,13669,13671,13673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13662,13663],{"class":49},"new_dict ",[43,13665,98],{"class":97},[43,13667,13668],{"class":49}," old_dict",[43,13670,79],{"class":53},[43,13672,13536],{"class":148},[43,13674,9262],{"class":53},[14,13676,387],{},[389,13678,13679,13683,13686],{},[392,13680,13681,12087],{},[18,13682,13401],{},[392,13684,13685],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[392,13687,13688],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13690,494],{},[34,13692,13694],{"className":36,"code":13693,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13695,13696,13739,13755,13759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13697,13698,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13735,13737],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13699,13700],{"class":49},"colors ",[43,13702,98],{"class":97},[43,13704,11110],{"class":53},[43,13706,265],{"class":264},[43,13708,269],{"class":268},[43,13710,265],{"class":264},[43,13712,59],{"class":53},[43,13714,276],{"class":264},[43,13716,13717],{"class":268},"red",[43,13719,265],{"class":264},[43,13721,108],{"class":53},[43,13723,276],{"class":264},[43,13725,279],{"class":268},[43,13727,265],{"class":264},[43,13729,59],{"class":53},[43,13731,276],{"class":264},[43,13733,13734],{"class":268},"blue",[43,13736,265],{"class":264},[43,13738,9928],{"class":53},[43,13740,13741,13744,13746,13749,13751,13753],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13742,13743],{"class":49},"new_colors ",[43,13745,98],{"class":97},[43,13747,13748],{"class":49}," colors",[43,13750,79],{"class":53},[43,13752,13536],{"class":148},[43,13754,9262],{"class":53},[43,13756,13757],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13758,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13760,13761,13763,13765,13768],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,13762,142],{"class":141},[43,13764,145],{"class":53},[43,13766,13767],{"class":148},"new_colors",[43,13769,346],{"class":53},[14,13771,13772],{},[76,13773,349],{},[34,13775,13777],{"className":36,"code":13776,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13778,13779],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13780,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13782,9897],{"class":53},[43,13784,361],{"class":264},[43,13786,269],{"class":268},[43,13788,361],{"class":264},[43,13790,59],{"class":53},[43,13792,370],{"class":264},[43,13794,13717],{"class":268},[43,13796,361],{"class":264},[43,13798,108],{"class":53},[43,13800,370],{"class":264},[43,13802,279],{"class":268},[43,13804,361],{"class":264},[43,13806,59],{"class":53},[43,13808,370],{"class":264},[43,13810,13734],{"class":268},[43,13812,361],{"class":264},[43,13814,9928],{"class":53},[81,13816,12097],{"id":12096},[14,13818,13819],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[34,13821,13823],{"className":36,"code":13822,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13824,13825,13863,13879,13883,13905,13909,13928],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13826,13827,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13828,13829],{"class":49},"person ",[43,13831,98],{"class":97},[43,13833,11110],{"class":53},[43,13835,265],{"class":264},[43,13837,8286],{"class":268},[43,13839,265],{"class":264},[43,13841,59],{"class":53},[43,13843,276],{"class":264},[43,13845,13846],{"class":268},"Liam",[43,13848,265],{"class":264},[43,13850,108],{"class":53},[43,13852,276],{"class":264},[43,13854,9918],{"class":268},[43,13856,265],{"class":264},[43,13858,59],{"class":53},[43,13860,9925],{"class":104},[43,13862,9928],{"class":53},[43,13864,13865,13868,13870,13873,13875,13877],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13866,13867],{"class":49},"person_copy ",[43,13869,98],{"class":97},[43,13871,13872],{"class":49}," person",[43,13874,79],{"class":53},[43,13876,13536],{"class":148},[43,13878,9262],{"class":53},[43,13880,13881],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,13882,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13884,13885,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13899,13902],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,13886,13887],{"class":49},"person_copy",[43,13889,54],{"class":53},[43,13891,265],{"class":264},[43,13893,9918],{"class":268},[43,13895,265],{"class":264},[43,13897,13898],{"class":53},"]",[43,13900,13901],{"class":97}," =",[43,13903,13904],{"class":104}," 26\n",[43,13906,13907],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,13908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,13910,13911,13913,13915,13917,13920,13922,13924,13926],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,13912,142],{"class":141},[43,13914,145],{"class":53},[43,13916,265],{"class":264},[43,13918,13919],{"class":268},"Original:",[43,13921,265],{"class":264},[43,13923,108],{"class":53},[43,13925,13872],{"class":148},[43,13927,346],{"class":53},[43,13929,13930,13932,13934,13936,13939,13941,13943,13946],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,13931,142],{"class":141},[43,13933,145],{"class":53},[43,13935,265],{"class":264},[43,13937,13938],{"class":268},"Copy:",[43,13940,265],{"class":264},[43,13942,108],{"class":53},[43,13944,13945],{"class":148}," person_copy",[43,13947,346],{"class":53},[14,13949,13950],{},[76,13951,349],{},[34,13953,13955],{"className":36,"code":13954,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13956,13957,13994],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13958,13959,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13960,13961],{"class":49},"Original",[43,13963,59],{"class":53},[43,13965,11110],{"class":53},[43,13967,361],{"class":264},[43,13969,8286],{"class":268},[43,13971,361],{"class":264},[43,13973,59],{"class":53},[43,13975,370],{"class":264},[43,13977,13846],{"class":268},[43,13979,361],{"class":264},[43,13981,108],{"class":53},[43,13983,370],{"class":264},[43,13985,9918],{"class":268},[43,13987,361],{"class":264},[43,13989,59],{"class":53},[43,13991,9925],{"class":104},[43,13993,9928],{"class":53},[43,13995,13996,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14030],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,13997,13998],{"class":49},"Copy",[43,14000,59],{"class":53},[43,14002,11110],{"class":53},[43,14004,361],{"class":264},[43,14006,8286],{"class":268},[43,14008,361],{"class":264},[43,14010,59],{"class":53},[43,14012,370],{"class":264},[43,14014,13846],{"class":268},[43,14016,361],{"class":264},[43,14018,108],{"class":53},[43,14020,370],{"class":264},[43,14022,9918],{"class":268},[43,14024,361],{"class":264},[43,14026,59],{"class":53},[43,14028,14029],{"class":104}," 26",[43,14031,9928],{"class":53},[14,14033,14034],{},"What happened here:",[389,14036,14037,14043,14050],{},[392,14038,14039,14042],{},[18,14040,14041],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[392,14044,14045,14046,14049],{},"Changing ",[18,14047,14048],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[392,14051,14052],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,14054,14055],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[81,14057,14059],{"id":14058},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,14061,14062,13472,14064,79],{},[18,14063,13401],{},[76,14065,13475],{},[14,14067,2713],{},[389,14069,14070,14073,14076],{},[392,14071,14072],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[392,14074,14075],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[392,14077,14078],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,14080,494],{},[34,14082,14084],{"className":36,"code":14083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,14085,14086,14094,14112,14135,14139,14143,14157,14161,14186,14190,14208,14227,14242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14087,14088,14090,14092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14089,13488],{"class":49},[43,14091,98],{"class":97},[43,14093,12115],{"class":53},[43,14095,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14097,12120],{"class":264},[43,14099,8286],{"class":268},[43,14101,265],{"class":264},[43,14103,59],{"class":53},[43,14105,276],{"class":264},[43,14107,13505],{"class":268},[43,14109,265],{"class":264},[43,14111,12136],{"class":53},[43,14113,14114,14116,14119,14121,14123,14125,14128,14130,14133],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14115,12120],{"class":264},[43,14117,14118],{"class":268},"grades",[43,14120,265],{"class":264},[43,14122,59],{"class":53},[43,14124,101],{"class":53},[43,14126,14127],{"class":104},"90",[43,14129,108],{"class":53},[43,14131,14132],{"class":104}," 85",[43,14134,68],{"class":53},[43,14136,14137],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,14138,9928],{"class":53},[43,14140,14141],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,14142,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14144,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,14146,13526],{"class":49},[43,14148,98],{"class":97},[43,14150,13531],{"class":49},[43,14152,79],{"class":53},[43,14154,13536],{"class":148},[43,14156,9262],{"class":53},[43,14158,14159],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,14160,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14162,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14176,14179,14181,14184],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,14164,13551],{"class":49},[43,14166,54],{"class":53},[43,14168,265],{"class":264},[43,14170,14118],{"class":268},[43,14172,265],{"class":264},[43,14174,14175],{"class":53},"].",[43,14177,14178],{"class":148},"append",[43,14180,145],{"class":53},[43,14182,14183],{"class":104},"100",[43,14185,346],{"class":53},[43,14187,14188],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,14189,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14191,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,14193,142],{"class":141},[43,14195,145],{"class":53},[43,14197,265],{"class":264},[43,14199,13919],{"class":268},[43,14201,265],{"class":264},[43,14203,108],{"class":53},[43,14205,13531],{"class":148},[43,14207,346],{"class":53},[43,14209,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14225],{"class":45,"line":12217},[43,14211,142],{"class":141},[43,14213,145],{"class":53},[43,14215,265],{"class":264},[43,14217,13938],{"class":268},[43,14219,265],{"class":264},[43,14221,108],{"class":53},[43,14223,14224],{"class":148}," student_copy",[43,14226,346],{"class":53},[43,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240],{"class":45,"line":14229},12,[43,14231,142],{"class":141},[43,14233,145],{"class":53},[43,14235,13488],{"class":148},[43,14237,12817],{"class":4491},[43,14239,14224],{"class":148},[43,14241,346],{"class":53},[43,14243,14245,14247,14249,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274],{"class":45,"line":14244},13,[43,14246,142],{"class":141},[43,14248,145],{"class":53},[43,14250,14251],{"class":148},"student",[43,14253,54],{"class":53},[43,14255,265],{"class":264},[43,14257,14118],{"class":268},[43,14259,265],{"class":264},[43,14261,13898],{"class":53},[43,14263,8715],{"class":4491},[43,14265,14224],{"class":148},[43,14267,54],{"class":53},[43,14269,265],{"class":264},[43,14271,14118],{"class":268},[43,14273,265],{"class":264},[43,14275,1547],{"class":53},[14,14277,14278],{},[76,14279,349],{},[34,14281,14283],{"className":36,"code":14282,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,14284,14285,14332,14378,14382],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14286,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14288,13961],{"class":49},[43,14290,59],{"class":53},[43,14292,11110],{"class":53},[43,14294,361],{"class":264},[43,14296,8286],{"class":268},[43,14298,361],{"class":264},[43,14300,59],{"class":53},[43,14302,370],{"class":264},[43,14304,13505],{"class":268},[43,14306,361],{"class":264},[43,14308,108],{"class":53},[43,14310,370],{"class":264},[43,14312,14118],{"class":268},[43,14314,361],{"class":264},[43,14316,59],{"class":53},[43,14318,101],{"class":53},[43,14320,14127],{"class":104},[43,14322,108],{"class":53},[43,14324,14132],{"class":104},[43,14326,108],{"class":53},[43,14328,10737],{"class":104},[43,14330,14331],{"class":53},"]}\n",[43,14333,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14335,13998],{"class":49},[43,14337,59],{"class":53},[43,14339,11110],{"class":53},[43,14341,361],{"class":264},[43,14343,8286],{"class":268},[43,14345,361],{"class":264},[43,14347,59],{"class":53},[43,14349,370],{"class":264},[43,14351,13505],{"class":268},[43,14353,361],{"class":264},[43,14355,108],{"class":53},[43,14357,370],{"class":264},[43,14359,14118],{"class":268},[43,14361,361],{"class":264},[43,14363,59],{"class":53},[43,14365,101],{"class":53},[43,14367,14127],{"class":104},[43,14369,108],{"class":53},[43,14371,14132],{"class":104},[43,14373,108],{"class":53},[43,14375,10737],{"class":104},[43,14377,14331],{"class":53},[43,14379,14380],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14381,4655],{"class":4466},[43,14383,14384],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,14385,4594],{"class":4466},[14,14387,1699],{},[389,14389,14390,14398],{},[392,14391,14392,5398,14395,14397],{},[18,14393,14394],{},"student is student_copy",[18,14396,4285],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[392,14399,14400,5398,14403,14405],{},[18,14401,14402],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,14404,4216],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14407,14408],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14410,14411,14412,79],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[269,14413,14415],{"href":14414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[81,14417,5576,14419],{"id":14418},"when-to-use-copy",[18,14420,13401],{},[14,14422,230,14423,11221],{},[18,14424,13401],{},[389,14426,14427,14430,14433,14436],{},[392,14428,14429],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[392,14431,14432],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[392,14434,14435],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[392,14437,14438],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14440,494],{},[34,14442,14444],{"className":36,"code":14443,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,14445,14446,14485,14501,14505,14525,14529,14548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14447,14448,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14476,14478,14480,14483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14449,14450],{"class":49},"settings ",[43,14452,98],{"class":97},[43,14454,11110],{"class":53},[43,14456,265],{"class":264},[43,14458,13118],{"class":268},[43,14460,265],{"class":264},[43,14462,59],{"class":53},[43,14464,276],{"class":264},[43,14466,13127],{"class":268},[43,14468,265],{"class":264},[43,14470,108],{"class":53},[43,14472,276],{"class":264},[43,14474,14475],{"class":268},"font_size",[43,14477,265],{"class":264},[43,14479,59],{"class":53},[43,14481,14482],{"class":104}," 14",[43,14484,9928],{"class":53},[43,14486,14487,14490,14492,14495,14497,14499],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14488,14489],{"class":49},"settings_backup ",[43,14491,98],{"class":97},[43,14493,14494],{"class":49}," settings",[43,14496,79],{"class":53},[43,14498,13536],{"class":148},[43,14500,9262],{"class":53},[43,14502,14503],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14504,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14506,14507,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,14508,14509],{"class":49},"settings",[43,14511,54],{"class":53},[43,14513,265],{"class":264},[43,14515,14475],{"class":268},[43,14517,265],{"class":264},[43,14519,13898],{"class":53},[43,14521,13901],{"class":97},[43,14523,14524],{"class":104}," 16\n",[43,14526,14527],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,14528,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14530,14531,14533,14535,14537,14540,14542,14544,14546],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,14532,142],{"class":141},[43,14534,145],{"class":53},[43,14536,265],{"class":264},[43,14538,14539],{"class":268},"Current:",[43,14541,265],{"class":264},[43,14543,108],{"class":53},[43,14545,14494],{"class":148},[43,14547,346],{"class":53},[43,14549,14550,14552,14554,14556,14559,14561,14563,14566],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,14551,142],{"class":141},[43,14553,145],{"class":53},[43,14555,265],{"class":264},[43,14557,14558],{"class":268},"Backup:",[43,14560,265],{"class":264},[43,14562,108],{"class":53},[43,14564,14565],{"class":148}," settings_backup",[43,14567,346],{"class":53},[14,14569,14570],{},[76,14571,349],{},[34,14573,14575],{"className":36,"code":14574,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,14576,14577,14615],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14578,14579,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14613],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14580,14581],{"class":49},"Current",[43,14583,59],{"class":53},[43,14585,11110],{"class":53},[43,14587,361],{"class":264},[43,14589,13118],{"class":268},[43,14591,361],{"class":264},[43,14593,59],{"class":53},[43,14595,370],{"class":264},[43,14597,13127],{"class":268},[43,14599,361],{"class":264},[43,14601,108],{"class":53},[43,14603,370],{"class":264},[43,14605,14475],{"class":268},[43,14607,361],{"class":264},[43,14609,59],{"class":53},[43,14611,14612],{"class":104}," 16",[43,14614,9928],{"class":53},[43,14616,14617,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14618,14619],{"class":49},"Backup",[43,14621,59],{"class":53},[43,14623,11110],{"class":53},[43,14625,361],{"class":264},[43,14627,13118],{"class":268},[43,14629,361],{"class":264},[43,14631,59],{"class":53},[43,14633,370],{"class":264},[43,14635,13127],{"class":268},[43,14637,361],{"class":264},[43,14639,108],{"class":53},[43,14641,370],{"class":264},[43,14643,14475],{"class":268},[43,14645,361],{"class":264},[43,14647,59],{"class":53},[43,14649,14482],{"class":104},[43,14651,9928],{"class":53},[14,14653,14654,14655,3486,14661,79],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[269,14656,14658],{"href":14657},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14659,14660],{},"dict.update()",[269,14662,14663],{"href":13448},[18,14664,11948],{},[81,14666,14668,14670],{"id":14667},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14669,13401],{}," vs assignment",[14,14672,14673],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14675,2445,14676,14678,14679,14681],{},[18,14677,98],{}," does ",[76,14680,1957],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1499,14683,14685],{"id":14684},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[34,14687,14689],{"className":36,"code":14688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14690,14691,14723,14732,14736,14756,14760,14778,14798],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14692,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14694,12709],{"class":49},[43,14696,98],{"class":97},[43,14698,11110],{"class":53},[43,14700,265],{"class":264},[43,14702,2780],{"class":268},[43,14704,265],{"class":264},[43,14706,59],{"class":53},[43,14708,6113],{"class":104},[43,14710,108],{"class":53},[43,14712,276],{"class":264},[43,14714,12368],{"class":268},[43,14716,265],{"class":264},[43,14718,59],{"class":53},[43,14720,1525],{"class":104},[43,14722,9928],{"class":53},[43,14724,14725,14728,14730],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14726,14727],{"class":49},"assigned ",[43,14729,98],{"class":97},[43,14731,12747],{"class":49},[43,14733,14734],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14735,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14737,14738,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,14739,14740],{"class":49},"assigned",[43,14742,54],{"class":53},[43,14744,265],{"class":264},[43,14746,2780],{"class":268},[43,14748,265],{"class":264},[43,14750,13898],{"class":53},[43,14752,13901],{"class":97},[43,14754,14755],{"class":104}," 99\n",[43,14757,14758],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,14759,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14761,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,14763,142],{"class":141},[43,14765,145],{"class":53},[43,14767,265],{"class":264},[43,14769,13919],{"class":268},[43,14771,265],{"class":264},[43,14773,108],{"class":53},[43,14775,12784],{"class":148},[43,14777,346],{"class":53},[43,14779,14780,14782,14784,14786,14789,14791,14793,14796],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,14781,142],{"class":141},[43,14783,145],{"class":53},[43,14785,265],{"class":264},[43,14787,14788],{"class":268},"Assigned:",[43,14790,265],{"class":264},[43,14792,108],{"class":53},[43,14794,14795],{"class":148}," assigned",[43,14797,346],{"class":53},[43,14799,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,14801,142],{"class":141},[43,14803,145],{"class":53},[43,14805,12709],{"class":148},[43,14807,12817],{"class":4491},[43,14809,14795],{"class":148},[43,14811,346],{"class":53},[14,14813,14814],{},[76,14815,349],{},[34,14817,14819],{"className":36,"code":14818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14820,14821,14853,14886],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14822,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14824,13961],{"class":49},[43,14826,59],{"class":53},[43,14828,11110],{"class":53},[43,14830,361],{"class":264},[43,14832,2780],{"class":268},[43,14834,361],{"class":264},[43,14836,59],{"class":53},[43,14838,10816],{"class":104},[43,14840,108],{"class":53},[43,14842,370],{"class":264},[43,14844,12368],{"class":268},[43,14846,361],{"class":264},[43,14848,59],{"class":53},[43,14850,1525],{"class":104},[43,14852,9928],{"class":53},[43,14854,14855,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14856,14857],{"class":49},"Assigned",[43,14859,59],{"class":53},[43,14861,11110],{"class":53},[43,14863,361],{"class":264},[43,14865,2780],{"class":268},[43,14867,361],{"class":264},[43,14869,59],{"class":53},[43,14871,10816],{"class":104},[43,14873,108],{"class":53},[43,14875,370],{"class":264},[43,14877,12368],{"class":268},[43,14879,361],{"class":264},[43,14881,59],{"class":53},[43,14883,1525],{"class":104},[43,14885,9928],{"class":53},[43,14887,14888],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14889,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,14891,2445,14893],{"id":14892},"using-copy",[18,14894,13401],{},[34,14896,14898],{"className":36,"code":14897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14899,14900,14932,14947,14951,14970,14974,14992,15012],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14901,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14903,12709],{"class":49},[43,14905,98],{"class":97},[43,14907,11110],{"class":53},[43,14909,265],{"class":264},[43,14911,2780],{"class":268},[43,14913,265],{"class":264},[43,14915,59],{"class":53},[43,14917,6113],{"class":104},[43,14919,108],{"class":53},[43,14921,276],{"class":264},[43,14923,12368],{"class":268},[43,14925,265],{"class":264},[43,14927,59],{"class":53},[43,14929,1525],{"class":104},[43,14931,9928],{"class":53},[43,14933,14934,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,14935,14936],{"class":49},"copied ",[43,14938,98],{"class":97},[43,14940,12784],{"class":49},[43,14942,79],{"class":53},[43,14944,13536],{"class":148},[43,14946,9262],{"class":53},[43,14948,14949],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,14950,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14952,14953,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,14954,14955],{"class":49},"copied",[43,14957,54],{"class":53},[43,14959,265],{"class":264},[43,14961,2780],{"class":268},[43,14963,265],{"class":264},[43,14965,13898],{"class":53},[43,14967,13901],{"class":97},[43,14969,14755],{"class":104},[43,14971,14972],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,14973,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,14975,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,14977,142],{"class":141},[43,14979,145],{"class":53},[43,14981,265],{"class":264},[43,14983,13919],{"class":268},[43,14985,265],{"class":264},[43,14987,108],{"class":53},[43,14989,12784],{"class":148},[43,14991,346],{"class":53},[43,14993,14994,14996,14998,15000,15003,15005,15007,15010],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,14995,142],{"class":141},[43,14997,145],{"class":53},[43,14999,265],{"class":264},[43,15001,15002],{"class":268},"Copied:",[43,15004,265],{"class":264},[43,15006,108],{"class":53},[43,15008,15009],{"class":148}," copied",[43,15011,346],{"class":53},[43,15013,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,15015,142],{"class":141},[43,15017,145],{"class":53},[43,15019,12709],{"class":148},[43,15021,12817],{"class":4491},[43,15023,15009],{"class":148},[43,15025,346],{"class":53},[14,15027,15028],{},[76,15029,349],{},[34,15031,15033],{"className":36,"code":15032,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,15034,15035,15067,15100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15036,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15038,13961],{"class":49},[43,15040,59],{"class":53},[43,15042,11110],{"class":53},[43,15044,361],{"class":264},[43,15046,2780],{"class":268},[43,15048,361],{"class":264},[43,15050,59],{"class":53},[43,15052,6113],{"class":104},[43,15054,108],{"class":53},[43,15056,370],{"class":264},[43,15058,12368],{"class":268},[43,15060,361],{"class":264},[43,15062,59],{"class":53},[43,15064,1525],{"class":104},[43,15066,9928],{"class":53},[43,15068,15069,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15070,15071],{"class":49},"Copied",[43,15073,59],{"class":53},[43,15075,11110],{"class":53},[43,15077,361],{"class":264},[43,15079,2780],{"class":268},[43,15081,361],{"class":264},[43,15083,59],{"class":53},[43,15085,10816],{"class":104},[43,15087,108],{"class":53},[43,15089,370],{"class":264},[43,15091,12368],{"class":268},[43,15093,361],{"class":264},[43,15095,59],{"class":53},[43,15097,1525],{"class":104},[43,15099,9928],{"class":53},[43,15101,15102],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15103,4655],{"class":4466},[14,15105,15106],{},"Summary:",[389,15108,15109,15115],{},[392,15110,15111,15114],{},[18,15112,15113],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[392,15116,15117,15120],{},[18,15118,15119],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[81,15122,15124],{"id":15123},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,15126,15127,59],{},[18,15128,13401],{},[389,15130,15131,15134,15137,15140],{},[392,15132,15133],{},"Returns a dictionary",[392,15135,15136],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[392,15138,15139],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[392,15141,15142],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,15144,494],{},[34,15146,15148],{"className":36,"code":15147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,15149,15150,15182,15198,15202,15220,15240,15244,15262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15151,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15153,9784],{"class":49},[43,15155,98],{"class":97},[43,15157,11110],{"class":53},[43,15159,265],{"class":264},[43,15161,269],{"class":268},[43,15163,265],{"class":264},[43,15165,59],{"class":53},[43,15167,6113],{"class":104},[43,15169,108],{"class":53},[43,15171,276],{"class":264},[43,15173,279],{"class":268},[43,15175,265],{"class":264},[43,15177,59],{"class":53},[43,15179,1525],{"class":104},[43,15181,9928],{"class":53},[43,15183,15184,15187,15189,15192,15194,15196],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15185,15186],{"class":49},"data_copy ",[43,15188,98],{"class":97},[43,15190,15191],{"class":49}," data",[43,15193,79],{"class":53},[43,15195,13536],{"class":148},[43,15197,9262],{"class":53},[43,15199,15200],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15201,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,15203,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,15205,9823],{"class":49},[43,15207,54],{"class":53},[43,15209,265],{"class":264},[43,15211,269],{"class":268},[43,15213,265],{"class":264},[43,15215,13898],{"class":53},[43,15217,13901],{"class":97},[43,15219,3194],{"class":104},[43,15221,15222,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,15223,15224],{"class":49},"data_copy",[43,15226,54],{"class":53},[43,15228,265],{"class":264},[43,15230,279],{"class":268},[43,15232,265],{"class":264},[43,15234,13898],{"class":53},[43,15236,13901],{"class":97},[43,15238,15239],{"class":104}," 20\n",[43,15241,15242],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,15243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,15245,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,15247,142],{"class":141},[43,15249,145],{"class":53},[43,15251,265],{"class":264},[43,15253,13919],{"class":268},[43,15255,265],{"class":264},[43,15257,108],{"class":53},[43,15259,15191],{"class":148},[43,15261,346],{"class":53},[43,15263,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15279],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,15265,142],{"class":141},[43,15267,145],{"class":53},[43,15269,265],{"class":264},[43,15271,13938],{"class":268},[43,15273,265],{"class":264},[43,15275,108],{"class":53},[43,15277,15278],{"class":148}," data_copy",[43,15280,346],{"class":53},[14,15282,15283],{},[76,15284,349],{},[34,15286,15288],{"className":36,"code":15287,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,15289,15290,15322],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15291,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15293,13961],{"class":49},[43,15295,59],{"class":53},[43,15297,11110],{"class":53},[43,15299,361],{"class":264},[43,15301,269],{"class":268},[43,15303,361],{"class":264},[43,15305,59],{"class":53},[43,15307,977],{"class":104},[43,15309,108],{"class":53},[43,15311,370],{"class":264},[43,15313,279],{"class":268},[43,15315,361],{"class":264},[43,15317,59],{"class":53},[43,15319,1525],{"class":104},[43,15321,9928],{"class":53},[43,15323,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15325,13998],{"class":49},[43,15327,59],{"class":53},[43,15329,11110],{"class":53},[43,15331,361],{"class":264},[43,15333,269],{"class":268},[43,15335,361],{"class":264},[43,15337,59],{"class":53},[43,15339,6113],{"class":104},[43,15341,108],{"class":53},[43,15343,370],{"class":264},[43,15345,279],{"class":268},[43,15347,361],{"class":264},[43,15349,59],{"class":53},[43,15351,111],{"class":104},[43,15353,9928],{"class":53},[81,15355,3438],{"id":3437},[14,15357,15358,15359,59],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,15360,13058],{},[389,15362,15363,15370,15375,15380],{},[392,15364,2445,15365,11713,15367,15369],{},[18,15366,98],{},[18,15368,13401],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[392,15371,5195,15372,15374],{},[18,15373,13401],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[392,15376,15377,15378],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,15379,13401],{},[392,15381,15382],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15384,15385],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[34,15387,15389],{"className":36,"code":15388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,15390,15391,15401,15411,15425,15448,15471],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15392,15393,15395,15397,15399],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15394,142],{"class":141},[43,15396,145],{"class":53},[43,15398,12756],{"class":148},[43,15400,346],{"class":53},[43,15402,15403,15405,15407,15409],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15404,142],{"class":141},[43,15406,145],{"class":53},[43,15408,14955],{"class":148},[43,15410,346],{"class":53},[43,15412,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15414,142],{"class":141},[43,15416,145],{"class":53},[43,15418,12709],{"class":148},[43,15420,12817],{"class":4491},[43,15422,15009],{"class":148},[43,15424,346],{"class":53},[43,15426,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437,15439,15442,15444,15446],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,15428,142],{"class":141},[43,15430,145],{"class":53},[43,15432,13273],{"class":141},[43,15434,145],{"class":53},[43,15436,12756],{"class":148},[43,15438,9852],{"class":53},[43,15440,15441],{"class":141}," id",[43,15443,145],{"class":53},[43,15445,14955],{"class":148},[43,15447,2377],{"class":53},[43,15449,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15467,15469],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,15451,142],{"class":141},[43,15453,145],{"class":53},[43,15455,13273],{"class":141},[43,15457,145],{"class":53},[43,15459,12756],{"class":148},[43,15461,54],{"class":53},[43,15463,265],{"class":264},[43,15465,15466],{"class":268},"key",[43,15468,265],{"class":264},[43,15470,3608],{"class":53},[43,15472,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,15474,142],{"class":141},[43,15476,145],{"class":53},[43,15478,13273],{"class":141},[43,15480,145],{"class":53},[43,15482,14955],{"class":148},[43,15484,54],{"class":53},[43,15486,265],{"class":264},[43,15488,15466],{"class":268},[43,15490,265],{"class":264},[43,15492,3608],{"class":53},[14,15494,15495],{},"What these help you check:",[389,15497,15498,15501,15504],{},[392,15499,15500],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[392,15502,15503],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[392,15505,15506],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15508,15509,15510,79],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[269,15511,986],{"href":15512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python",[81,15514,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,15516,13328,15518,15520],{"id":15517},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,15519,13058],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15522,15523],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1499,15525,15527,15528,15530],{"id":15526},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,15529,13058],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15532,15533],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1499,15535,5794,15537,1233,15539,2490],{"id":15536},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,15538,13401],{},[18,15540,98],{},[14,15542,15543,15545,15546,15548],{},[18,15544,13401],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,15547,98],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1499,15550,15552],{"id":15551},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15554,15555],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[81,15557,2497],{"id":2496},[389,15559,15560,15564,15568,15572,15579,15585],{},[392,15561,15562],{},[269,15563,11863],{"href":13651},[392,15565,15566],{},[269,15567,9774],{"href":13648},[392,15569,15570],{},[269,15571,14415],{"href":14414},[392,15573,15574],{},[269,15575,11357,15576,11361],{"href":14657},[18,15577,15578],{},"update()",[392,15580,15581],{},[269,15582,11357,15583,11361],{"href":13448},[18,15584,11942],{},[392,15586,15587],{},[269,15588,2515],{"href":15512},[2536,15590,15591],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":15593},[15594,15595,15597,15598,15599,15600,15602,15608,15609,15610,15619],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":13620,"depth":131,"text":15596},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":14058,"depth":131,"text":14059},{"id":14418,"depth":131,"text":15601},"When to use copy()",{"id":14667,"depth":131,"text":15603,"children":15604},"copy() vs assignment",[15605,15606],{"id":14684,"depth":138,"text":14685},{"id":14892,"depth":138,"text":15607},"Using copy()",{"id":15123,"depth":131,"text":15124},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":15611},[15612,15614,15616,15618],{"id":15517,"depth":138,"text":15613},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15526,"depth":138,"text":15615},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15536,"depth":138,"text":15617},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15551,"depth":138,"text":15552},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13454,"description":15620},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15627,"title":15628,"body":15629,"description":17824,"extension":2572,"meta":17825,"navigation":134,"path":13651,"seo":17826,"stem":17827,"__hash__":17828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15630,"toc":17786},[15631,15634,15640,15649,15651,15727,15731,15780,15783,15787,15800,15803,15807,15820,15823,15856,15870,15873,15885,15889,15892,15900,15980,15984,16037,16041,16059,16061,16143,16146,16148,16151,16154,16177,16201,16205,16213,16216,16220,16229,16234,16292,16296,16329,16335,16341,16344,16398,16402,16452,16455,16461,16464,16472,16474,16519,16524,16533,16536,16539,16586,16588,16593,16596,16690,16694,16747,16750,16806,16809,16813,16816,16830,16834,16900,16904,16929,16932,16936,17014,17018,17021,17024,17044,17047,17100,17104,17107,17110,17123,17125,17214,17221,17224,17235,17237,17240,17260,17264,17266,17275,17278,17317,17321,17323,17332,17341,17343,17381,17385,17432,17436,17457,17461,17464,17576,17581,17679,17700,17702,17706,17713,17717,17723,17727,17730,17734,17737,17744,17752,17754,17780,17783],[10,15632,15628],{"id":15633},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15635,15636,15637,15639],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[76,15638,9750],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15641,15642,15643,3486,15645,79],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[269,15644,9774],{"href":9773},[269,15646,15648],{"href":15647},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[81,15650,84],{"id":83},[34,15652,15654],{"className":36,"code":15653,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15655,15656,15664,15682,15696,15709,15713,15717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15657,15658,15660,15662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15659,13488],{"class":49},[43,15661,98],{"class":97},[43,15663,12115],{"class":53},[43,15665,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15667,12120],{"class":264},[43,15669,8286],{"class":268},[43,15671,265],{"class":264},[43,15673,59],{"class":53},[43,15675,276],{"class":264},[43,15677,13505],{"class":268},[43,15679,265],{"class":264},[43,15681,12136],{"class":53},[43,15683,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15685,12120],{"class":264},[43,15687,9918],{"class":268},[43,15689,265],{"class":264},[43,15691,59],{"class":53},[43,15693,111],{"class":104},[43,15695,12136],{"class":53},[43,15697,15698,15700,15703,15705,15707],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,15699,12120],{"class":264},[43,15701,15702],{"class":268},"is_active",[43,15704,265],{"class":264},[43,15706,59],{"class":53},[43,15708,7038],{"class":4466},[43,15710,15711],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,15712,9928],{"class":53},[43,15714,15715],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,15716,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,15718,15719,15721,15723,15725],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,15720,142],{"class":141},[43,15722,145],{"class":53},[43,15724,14251],{"class":148},[43,15726,346],{"class":53},[14,15728,15729],{},[76,15730,349],{},[34,15732,15734],{"className":36,"code":15733,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15735,15736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15737,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15739,9897],{"class":53},[43,15741,361],{"class":264},[43,15743,8286],{"class":268},[43,15745,361],{"class":264},[43,15747,59],{"class":53},[43,15749,370],{"class":264},[43,15751,13505],{"class":268},[43,15753,361],{"class":264},[43,15755,108],{"class":53},[43,15757,370],{"class":264},[43,15759,9918],{"class":268},[43,15761,361],{"class":264},[43,15763,59],{"class":53},[43,15765,111],{"class":104},[43,15767,108],{"class":53},[43,15769,370],{"class":264},[43,15771,15702],{"class":268},[43,15773,361],{"class":264},[43,15775,59],{"class":53},[43,15777,4530],{"class":4466},[43,15779,9928],{"class":53},[14,15781,15782],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[81,15784,15786],{"id":15785},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[389,15788,15789,15792,15795,15798],{},[392,15790,15791],{},"What a dictionary is",[392,15793,15794],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[392,15796,15797],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[392,15799,1841],{},[81,15801,15791],{"id":15802},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15804,9747,15805,79],{},[76,15806,9750],{},[389,15808,15809,15815],{},[392,15810,15811,15812,15814],{},"A ",[76,15813,15466],{}," is the label",[392,15816,15811,15817,15819],{},[76,15818,3080],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15821,15822],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[34,15824,15826],{"className":36,"code":15825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15827,15828,15836,15852],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15829,15830,15832,15834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15831,13488],{"class":49},[43,15833,98],{"class":97},[43,15835,12115],{"class":53},[43,15837,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846,15848,15850],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15839,12120],{"class":264},[43,15841,8286],{"class":268},[43,15843,265],{"class":264},[43,15845,59],{"class":53},[43,15847,276],{"class":264},[43,15849,13505],{"class":268},[43,15851,3969],{"class":264},[43,15853,15854],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15855,9928],{"class":53},[389,15857,15858,15864],{},[392,15859,15860,15863],{},[18,15861,15862],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[392,15865,15866,15869],{},[18,15867,15868],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15871,15872],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[389,15874,15875,15877,15879,15882],{},[392,15876,8286],{},[392,15878,9918],{},[392,15880,15881],{},"email",[392,15883,15884],{},"country",[81,15886,15888],{"id":15887},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15890,15891],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15893,230,15894,15896,15897,79],{},[18,15895,4405],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15898,15899],{},"key: value",[34,15901,15903],{"className":36,"code":15902,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15904,15905,15913,15931,15945,15962,15966,15970],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15906,15907,15909,15911],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15908,13488],{"class":49},[43,15910,98],{"class":97},[43,15912,12115],{"class":53},[43,15914,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,15916,12120],{"class":264},[43,15918,8286],{"class":268},[43,15920,265],{"class":264},[43,15922,59],{"class":53},[43,15924,276],{"class":264},[43,15926,13505],{"class":268},[43,15928,265],{"class":264},[43,15930,12136],{"class":53},[43,15932,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,15934,12120],{"class":264},[43,15936,9918],{"class":268},[43,15938,265],{"class":264},[43,15940,59],{"class":53},[43,15942,111],{"class":104},[43,15944,12136],{"class":53},[43,15946,15947,15949,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,15948,12120],{"class":264},[43,15950,15951],{"class":268},"course",[43,15953,265],{"class":264},[43,15955,59],{"class":53},[43,15957,276],{"class":264},[43,15959,7914],{"class":268},[43,15961,3969],{"class":264},[43,15963,15964],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,15965,9928],{"class":53},[43,15967,15968],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,15969,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,15971,15972,15974,15976,15978],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,15973,142],{"class":141},[43,15975,145],{"class":53},[43,15977,14251],{"class":148},[43,15979,346],{"class":53},[14,15981,15982],{},[76,15983,349],{},[34,15985,15987],{"className":36,"code":15986,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15988,15989],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15990,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15992,9897],{"class":53},[43,15994,361],{"class":264},[43,15996,8286],{"class":268},[43,15998,361],{"class":264},[43,16000,59],{"class":53},[43,16002,370],{"class":264},[43,16004,13505],{"class":268},[43,16006,361],{"class":264},[43,16008,108],{"class":53},[43,16010,370],{"class":264},[43,16012,9918],{"class":268},[43,16014,361],{"class":264},[43,16016,59],{"class":53},[43,16018,111],{"class":104},[43,16020,108],{"class":53},[43,16022,370],{"class":264},[43,16024,15951],{"class":268},[43,16026,361],{"class":264},[43,16028,59],{"class":53},[43,16030,370],{"class":264},[43,16032,7914],{"class":268},[43,16034,361],{"class":264},[43,16036,9928],{"class":53},[1499,16038,16040],{"id":16039},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[389,16042,16043,16048,16053,16056],{},[392,16044,230,16045,16047],{},[18,16046,4405],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[392,16049,16050,16051],{},"Write each item as ",[18,16052,15899],{},[392,16054,16055],{},"Separate items with commas",[392,16057,16058],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,16060,494],{},[34,16062,16064],{"className":36,"code":16063,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,16065,16066,16075,16095,16111,16124,16128,16132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16067,16068,16071,16073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16069,16070],{"class":49},"book ",[43,16072,98],{"class":97},[43,16074,12115],{"class":53},[43,16076,16077,16079,16082,16084,16086,16088,16091,16093],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16078,12120],{"class":264},[43,16080,16081],{"class":268},"title",[43,16083,265],{"class":264},[43,16085,59],{"class":53},[43,16087,276],{"class":264},[43,16089,16090],{"class":268},"Python Basics",[43,16092,265],{"class":264},[43,16094,12136],{"class":53},[43,16096,16097,16099,16102,16104,16106,16109],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16098,12120],{"class":264},[43,16100,16101],{"class":268},"pages",[43,16103,265],{"class":264},[43,16105,59],{"class":53},[43,16107,16108],{"class":104}," 150",[43,16110,12136],{"class":53},[43,16112,16113,16115,16118,16120,16122],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16114,12120],{"class":264},[43,16116,16117],{"class":268},"available",[43,16119,265],{"class":264},[43,16121,59],{"class":53},[43,16123,7038],{"class":4466},[43,16125,16126],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16127,9928],{"class":53},[43,16129,16130],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,16131,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16133,16134,16136,16138,16141],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,16135,142],{"class":141},[43,16137,145],{"class":53},[43,16139,16140],{"class":148},"book",[43,16142,346],{"class":53},[14,16144,16145],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[81,16147,10022],{"id":10021},[14,16149,16150],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,16152,16153],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[34,16155,16157],{"className":36,"code":16156,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16158,16159,16167],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16160,16161,16163,16165],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16162,9784],{"class":49},[43,16164,98],{"class":97},[43,16166,10457],{"class":53},[43,16168,16169,16171,16173,16175],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16170,142],{"class":141},[43,16172,145],{"class":53},[43,16174,9823],{"class":148},[43,16176,346],{"class":53},[34,16178,16179],{"className":36,"code":10025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,16180,16181,16191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16182,16183,16185,16187,16189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16184,9784],{"class":49},[43,16186,98],{"class":97},[43,16188,9789],{"class":3510},[43,16190,9262],{"class":53},[43,16192,16193,16195,16197,16199],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16194,142],{"class":141},[43,16196,145],{"class":53},[43,16198,9823],{"class":148},[43,16200,346],{"class":53},[14,16202,16203],{},[76,16204,349],{},[34,16206,16207],{"className":36,"code":10054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,16208,16209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16210,16211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16212,10054],{"class":53},[14,16214,16215],{},"Both are correct.",[1499,16217,16219],{"id":16218},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,16221,16222,16224,16225,16228],{},[18,16223,4405],{}," creates an empty ",[76,16226,16227],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,16230,16231,16232,79],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,16233,4410],{},[34,16235,16237],{"className":36,"code":16236,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,16238,16239,16247,16259,16263,16277],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16240,16241,16243,16245],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16242,12347],{"class":49},[43,16244,98],{"class":97},[43,16246,10457],{"class":53},[43,16248,16249,16252,16254,16257],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16250,16251],{"class":49},"my_set ",[43,16253,98],{"class":97},[43,16255,16256],{"class":3510}," set",[43,16258,9262],{"class":53},[43,16260,16261],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16262,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16264,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16266,142],{"class":141},[43,16268,145],{"class":53},[43,16270,3832],{"class":3510},[43,16272,145],{"class":53},[43,16274,12071],{"class":148},[43,16276,2377],{"class":53},[43,16278,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16290],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16280,142],{"class":141},[43,16282,145],{"class":53},[43,16284,3832],{"class":3510},[43,16286,145],{"class":53},[43,16288,16289],{"class":148},"my_set",[43,16291,2377],{"class":53},[14,16293,16294],{},[76,16295,349],{},[34,16297,16299],{"className":36,"code":16298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,16300,16301,16315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16302,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16304,3901],{"class":97},[43,16306,3904],{"class":2671},[43,16308,370],{"class":264},[43,16310,9440],{"class":268},[43,16312,361],{"class":264},[43,16314,3913],{"class":97},[43,16316,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16318,3901],{"class":97},[43,16320,3904],{"class":2671},[43,16322,370],{"class":264},[43,16324,6902],{"class":268},[43,16326,361],{"class":264},[43,16328,3913],{"class":97},[81,16330,16332,16333],{"id":16331},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,16334,9738],{},[14,16336,16337,16338,16340],{},"You can also use ",[18,16339,9738],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,16342,16343],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[34,16345,16347],{"className":36,"code":16346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,16348,16349,16388],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16350,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16382,16384,16386],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16352,13488],{"class":49},[43,16354,98],{"class":97},[43,16356,9789],{"class":3510},[43,16358,145],{"class":53},[43,16360,8286],{"class":9794},[43,16362,98],{"class":97},[43,16364,265],{"class":264},[43,16366,13505],{"class":268},[43,16368,265],{"class":264},[43,16370,108],{"class":53},[43,16372,9807],{"class":9794},[43,16374,98],{"class":97},[43,16376,618],{"class":104},[43,16378,108],{"class":53},[43,16380,16381],{"class":9794}," active",[43,16383,98],{"class":97},[43,16385,4216],{"class":4466},[43,16387,346],{"class":53},[43,16389,16390,16392,16394,16396],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16391,142],{"class":141},[43,16393,145],{"class":53},[43,16395,14251],{"class":148},[43,16397,346],{"class":53},[14,16399,16400],{},[76,16401,349],{},[34,16403,16405],{"className":36,"code":16404,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,16406,16407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16444,16446,16448,16450],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16410,9897],{"class":53},[43,16412,361],{"class":264},[43,16414,8286],{"class":268},[43,16416,361],{"class":264},[43,16418,59],{"class":53},[43,16420,370],{"class":264},[43,16422,13505],{"class":268},[43,16424,361],{"class":264},[43,16426,108],{"class":53},[43,16428,370],{"class":264},[43,16430,9918],{"class":268},[43,16432,361],{"class":264},[43,16434,59],{"class":53},[43,16436,111],{"class":104},[43,16438,108],{"class":53},[43,16440,370],{"class":264},[43,16442,16443],{"class":268},"active",[43,16445,361],{"class":264},[43,16447,59],{"class":53},[43,16449,4530],{"class":4466},[43,16451,9928],{"class":53},[14,16453,16454],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1499,16456,16458,16459],{"id":16457},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,16460,9738],{},[14,16462,16463],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[389,16465,16466,16469],{},[392,16467,16468],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[392,16470,16471],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16473,7304],{},[34,16475,16477],{"className":36,"code":16476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,16478,16479,16509],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16480,16481,16483,16485,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16482,12110],{"class":49},[43,16484,98],{"class":97},[43,16486,9789],{"class":3510},[43,16488,145],{"class":53},[43,16490,8286],{"class":9794},[43,16492,98],{"class":97},[43,16494,265],{"class":264},[43,16496,8295],{"class":268},[43,16498,265],{"class":264},[43,16500,108],{"class":53},[43,16502,9807],{"class":9794},[43,16504,98],{"class":97},[43,16506,9812],{"class":104},[43,16508,346],{"class":53},[43,16510,16511,16513,16515,16517],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16512,142],{"class":141},[43,16514,145],{"class":53},[43,16516,12204],{"class":148},[43,16518,346],{"class":53},[14,16520,5244,16521,16523],{},[76,16522,1957],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[34,16525,16527],{"className":36,"code":16526,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,16528,16529],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16530,16531],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16532,16526],{"class":165},[14,16534,16535],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16537,16538],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[34,16540,16542],{"className":36,"code":16541,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,16543,16544,16552,16568,16572,16576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16545,16546,16548,16550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16547,12110],{"class":49},[43,16549,98],{"class":97},[43,16551,12115],{"class":53},[43,16553,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16555,12120],{"class":264},[43,16557,11115],{"class":268},[43,16559,265],{"class":264},[43,16561,59],{"class":53},[43,16563,276],{"class":264},[43,16565,8295],{"class":268},[43,16567,3969],{"class":264},[43,16569,16570],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16571,9928],{"class":53},[43,16573,16574],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16575,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16577,16578,16580,16582,16584],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16579,142],{"class":141},[43,16581,145],{"class":53},[43,16583,12204],{"class":148},[43,16585,346],{"class":53},[81,16587,10064],{"id":10063},[14,16589,16590,16592],{},[18,16591,9738],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16594,16595],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[34,16597,16599],{"className":36,"code":16598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16600,16601,16658,16662,16676,16680],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16602,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16654,16656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16604,9834],{"class":49},[43,16606,98],{"class":97},[43,16608,9839],{"class":53},[43,16610,265],{"class":264},[43,16612,8286],{"class":268},[43,16614,265],{"class":264},[43,16616,108],{"class":53},[43,16618,276],{"class":264},[43,16620,13505],{"class":268},[43,16622,265],{"class":264},[43,16624,9852],{"class":53},[43,16626,9855],{"class":53},[43,16628,265],{"class":264},[43,16630,9918],{"class":268},[43,16632,265],{"class":264},[43,16634,108],{"class":53},[43,16636,111],{"class":104},[43,16638,9852],{"class":53},[43,16640,9855],{"class":53},[43,16642,265],{"class":264},[43,16644,11028],{"class":268},[43,16646,265],{"class":264},[43,16648,108],{"class":53},[43,16650,276],{"class":264},[43,16652,16653],{"class":268},"Lima",[43,16655,265],{"class":264},[43,16657,9868],{"class":53},[43,16659,16660],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16661,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16663,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672,16674],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16665,13488],{"class":49},[43,16667,98],{"class":97},[43,16669,9789],{"class":3510},[43,16671,145],{"class":53},[43,16673,9881],{"class":148},[43,16675,346],{"class":53},[43,16677,16678],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16679,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16681,16682,16684,16686,16688],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16683,142],{"class":141},[43,16685,145],{"class":53},[43,16687,14251],{"class":148},[43,16689,346],{"class":53},[14,16691,16692],{},[76,16693,349],{},[34,16695,16697],{"className":36,"code":16696,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16698,16699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16700,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16702,9897],{"class":53},[43,16704,361],{"class":264},[43,16706,8286],{"class":268},[43,16708,361],{"class":264},[43,16710,59],{"class":53},[43,16712,370],{"class":264},[43,16714,13505],{"class":268},[43,16716,361],{"class":264},[43,16718,108],{"class":53},[43,16720,370],{"class":264},[43,16722,9918],{"class":268},[43,16724,361],{"class":264},[43,16726,59],{"class":53},[43,16728,111],{"class":104},[43,16730,108],{"class":53},[43,16732,370],{"class":264},[43,16734,11028],{"class":268},[43,16736,361],{"class":264},[43,16738,59],{"class":53},[43,16740,370],{"class":264},[43,16742,16653],{"class":268},[43,16744,361],{"class":264},[43,16746,9928],{"class":53},[14,16748,16749],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[34,16751,16753],{"className":36,"code":16752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16754,16755,16796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16758,13488],{"class":49},[43,16760,98],{"class":97},[43,16762,9789],{"class":3510},[43,16764,16765],{"class":53},"(((",[43,16767,265],{"class":264},[43,16769,8286],{"class":268},[43,16771,265],{"class":264},[43,16773,108],{"class":53},[43,16775,276],{"class":264},[43,16777,13505],{"class":268},[43,16779,265],{"class":264},[43,16781,9852],{"class":53},[43,16783,9855],{"class":53},[43,16785,265],{"class":264},[43,16787,9918],{"class":268},[43,16789,265],{"class":264},[43,16791,108],{"class":53},[43,16793,111],{"class":104},[43,16795,3521],{"class":53},[43,16797,16798,16800,16802,16804],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16799,142],{"class":141},[43,16801,145],{"class":53},[43,16803,14251],{"class":148},[43,16805,346],{"class":53},[14,16807,16808],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[81,16810,16812],{"id":16811},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16814,16815],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[389,16817,16818,16821,16824,16827],{},[392,16819,16820],{},"Keys must be unique",[392,16822,16823],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[392,16825,16826],{},"Values can repeat",[392,16828,16829],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1499,16831,16833],{"id":16832},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[34,16835,16837],{"className":36,"code":16836,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16838,16839,16847,16865,16882,16886,16890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16840,16841,16843,16845],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16842,9784],{"class":49},[43,16844,98],{"class":97},[43,16846,12115],{"class":53},[43,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16850,12120],{"class":264},[43,16852,8286],{"class":268},[43,16854,265],{"class":264},[43,16856,59],{"class":53},[43,16858,276],{"class":264},[43,16860,13505],{"class":268},[43,16862,265],{"class":264},[43,16864,12136],{"class":53},[43,16866,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16880],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16868,12120],{"class":264},[43,16870,8286],{"class":268},[43,16872,265],{"class":264},[43,16874,59],{"class":53},[43,16876,276],{"class":264},[43,16878,16879],{"class":268},"Maria",[43,16881,3969],{"class":264},[43,16883,16884],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16885,9928],{"class":53},[43,16887,16888],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,16891,16892,16894,16896,16898],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,16893,142],{"class":141},[43,16895,145],{"class":53},[43,16897,9823],{"class":148},[43,16899,346],{"class":53},[14,16901,16902],{},[76,16903,349],{},[34,16905,16907],{"className":36,"code":16906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16908,16909],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16910,16911,16913,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16912,9897],{"class":53},[43,16914,361],{"class":264},[43,16916,8286],{"class":268},[43,16918,361],{"class":264},[43,16920,59],{"class":53},[43,16922,370],{"class":264},[43,16924,16879],{"class":268},[43,16926,361],{"class":264},[43,16928,9928],{"class":53},[14,16930,16931],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1499,16933,16935],{"id":16934},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[34,16937,16939],{"className":36,"code":16938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16940,16941,16949,16965,16981,16995,16999,17003],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16942,16943,16945,16947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16944,5679],{"class":49},[43,16946,98],{"class":97},[43,16948,12115],{"class":53},[43,16950,16951,16954,16956,16958,16961,16963],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,16952,16953],{"class":104},"    1",[43,16955,59],{"class":53},[43,16957,276],{"class":264},[43,16959,16960],{"class":268},"low",[43,16962,265],{"class":264},[43,16964,12136],{"class":53},[43,16966,16967,16970,16972,16974,16977,16979],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,16968,16969],{"class":104},"    2",[43,16971,59],{"class":53},[43,16973,276],{"class":264},[43,16975,16976],{"class":268},"medium",[43,16978,265],{"class":264},[43,16980,12136],{"class":53},[43,16982,16983,16986,16988,16990,16993],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,16984,16985],{"class":104},"    3",[43,16987,59],{"class":53},[43,16989,276],{"class":264},[43,16991,16992],{"class":268},"high",[43,16994,3969],{"class":264},[43,16996,16997],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,16998,9928],{"class":53},[43,17000,17001],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,17002,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,17004,17005,17007,17009,17012],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,17006,142],{"class":141},[43,17008,145],{"class":53},[43,17010,17011],{"class":148},"scores",[43,17013,346],{"class":53},[1499,17015,17017],{"id":17016},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,17019,17020],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,17022,17023],{},"This will cause an error:",[34,17025,17027],{"className":36,"code":17026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,17028,17029,17034,17039],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17030,17031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17032,17033],{"class":165},"# bad = {\n",[43,17035,17036],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17037,17038],{"class":165},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[43,17040,17041],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17042,17043],{"class":165},"# }\n",[14,17045,17046],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[34,17048,17050],{"className":36,"code":17049,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,17051,17052,17061,17081,17085,17089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17053,17054,17057,17059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17055,17056],{"class":49},"good ",[43,17058,98],{"class":97},[43,17060,12115],{"class":53},[43,17062,17063,17066,17068,17070,17072,17075,17077,17079],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17064,17065],{"class":53},"    (",[43,17067,154],{"class":104},[43,17069,108],{"class":53},[43,17071,1525],{"class":104},[43,17073,17074],{"class":53},"):",[43,17076,276],{"class":264},[43,17078,149],{"class":268},[43,17080,3969],{"class":264},[43,17082,17083],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17084,9928],{"class":53},[43,17086,17087],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,17088,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,17090,17091,17093,17095,17098],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,17092,142],{"class":141},[43,17094,145],{"class":53},[43,17096,17097],{"class":148},"good",[43,17099,346],{"class":53},[81,17101,17103],{"id":17102},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,17105,17106],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,17108,17109],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[389,17111,17112,17115,17117,17120],{},[392,17113,17114],{},"user data",[392,17116,14509],{},[392,17118,17119],{},"counters",[392,17121,17122],{},"lookups",[14,17124,494],{},[34,17126,17128],{"className":36,"code":17127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,17129,17130,17138,17157,17176,17188,17192,17196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17131,17132,17134,17136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17133,12110],{"class":49},[43,17135,98],{"class":97},[43,17137,12115],{"class":53},[43,17139,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17153,17155],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17141,12120],{"class":264},[43,17143,8603],{"class":268},[43,17145,265],{"class":264},[43,17147,59],{"class":53},[43,17149,276],{"class":264},[43,17151,17152],{"class":268},"ana123",[43,17154,265],{"class":264},[43,17156,12136],{"class":53},[43,17158,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17172,17174],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17160,12120],{"class":264},[43,17162,15881],{"class":268},[43,17164,265],{"class":264},[43,17166,59],{"class":53},[43,17168,276],{"class":264},[43,17170,17171],{"class":268},"ana@example.com",[43,17173,265],{"class":264},[43,17175,12136],{"class":53},[43,17177,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,17179,12120],{"class":264},[43,17181,13138],{"class":268},[43,17183,265],{"class":264},[43,17185,59],{"class":53},[43,17187,7038],{"class":4466},[43,17189,17190],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,17191,9928],{"class":53},[43,17193,17194],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,17195,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,17197,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,17199,142],{"class":141},[43,17201,145],{"class":53},[43,17203,12204],{"class":148},[43,17205,54],{"class":53},[43,17207,265],{"class":264},[43,17209,15881],{"class":268},[43,17211,265],{"class":264},[43,17213,1547],{"class":53},[14,17215,17216,17217,79],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[269,17218,17220],{"href":17219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,17222,17223],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[389,17225,17226,17229,17232],{},[392,17227,17228],{},"labels are not needed",[392,17230,17231],{},"you mostly care about position",[392,17233,17234],{},"order matters more than named fields",[81,17236,3438],{"id":3437},[14,17238,17239],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[389,17241,17242,17245,17248,17251,17254],{},[392,17243,17244],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[392,17246,17247],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[392,17249,17250],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[392,17252,17253],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[392,17255,17256,17257,17259],{},"Mixing up ",[18,17258,4405],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1499,17261,17263],{"id":17262},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,17265,1970],{},[34,17267,17269],{"className":36,"code":17268,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,17270,17271],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17272,17273],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17274,17268],{"class":165},[14,17276,17277],{},"Correct:",[34,17279,17281],{"className":36,"code":17280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,17282,17283,17307],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17284,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17286,13488],{"class":49},[43,17288,98],{"class":97},[43,17290,11110],{"class":53},[43,17292,265],{"class":264},[43,17294,8286],{"class":268},[43,17296,265],{"class":264},[43,17298,59],{"class":53},[43,17300,276],{"class":264},[43,17302,13505],{"class":268},[43,17304,265],{"class":264},[43,17306,9928],{"class":53},[43,17308,17309,17311,17313,17315],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17310,142],{"class":141},[43,17312,145],{"class":53},[43,17314,14251],{"class":148},[43,17316,346],{"class":53},[1499,17318,17320],{"id":17319},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,17322,1970],{},[34,17324,17326],{"className":36,"code":17325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,17327,17328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17329,17330],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17331,17325],{"class":165},[14,17333,17334,17335,17337,17338,17340],{},"This only works if ",[18,17336,8286],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,17339,15862],{},", use quotes.",[14,17342,17277],{},[34,17344,17345],{"className":36,"code":17280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,17346,17347,17371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17348,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17350,13488],{"class":49},[43,17352,98],{"class":97},[43,17354,11110],{"class":53},[43,17356,265],{"class":264},[43,17358,8286],{"class":268},[43,17360,265],{"class":264},[43,17362,59],{"class":53},[43,17364,276],{"class":264},[43,17366,13505],{"class":268},[43,17368,265],{"class":264},[43,17370,9928],{"class":53},[43,17372,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17374,142],{"class":141},[43,17376,145],{"class":53},[43,17378,14251],{"class":148},[43,17380,346],{"class":53},[1499,17382,17384],{"id":17383},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[34,17386,17388],{"className":36,"code":17387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,17389,17390,17422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17391,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17393,9784],{"class":49},[43,17395,98],{"class":97},[43,17397,11110],{"class":53},[43,17399,265],{"class":264},[43,17401,9918],{"class":268},[43,17403,265],{"class":264},[43,17405,59],{"class":53},[43,17407,111],{"class":104},[43,17409,108],{"class":53},[43,17411,276],{"class":264},[43,17413,9918],{"class":268},[43,17415,265],{"class":264},[43,17417,59],{"class":53},[43,17419,116],{"class":104},[43,17421,9928],{"class":53},[43,17423,17424,17426,17428,17430],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17425,142],{"class":141},[43,17427,145],{"class":53},[43,17429,9823],{"class":148},[43,17431,346],{"class":53},[14,17433,17434],{},[76,17435,349],{},[34,17437,17439],{"className":36,"code":17438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,17440,17441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17442,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17444,9897],{"class":53},[43,17446,361],{"class":264},[43,17448,9918],{"class":268},[43,17450,361],{"class":264},[43,17452,59],{"class":53},[43,17454,116],{"class":104},[43,17456,9928],{"class":53},[81,17458,17460],{"id":17459},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17462,17463],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[34,17465,17467],{"className":36,"code":17466,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,17468,17469,17505,17509,17519,17533,17548,17562],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17470,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17472,12347],{"class":49},[43,17474,98],{"class":97},[43,17476,11110],{"class":53},[43,17478,265],{"class":264},[43,17480,8286],{"class":268},[43,17482,265],{"class":264},[43,17484,59],{"class":53},[43,17486,276],{"class":264},[43,17488,13505],{"class":268},[43,17490,265],{"class":264},[43,17492,108],{"class":53},[43,17494,276],{"class":264},[43,17496,9918],{"class":268},[43,17498,265],{"class":264},[43,17500,59],{"class":53},[43,17502,111],{"class":104},[43,17504,9928],{"class":53},[43,17506,17507],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17508,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17512,142],{"class":141},[43,17514,145],{"class":53},[43,17516,12071],{"class":148},[43,17518,346],{"class":53},[43,17520,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,17522,142],{"class":141},[43,17524,145],{"class":53},[43,17526,3832],{"class":3510},[43,17528,145],{"class":53},[43,17530,12071],{"class":148},[43,17532,2377],{"class":53},[43,17534,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17546],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,17536,142],{"class":141},[43,17538,145],{"class":53},[43,17540,12071],{"class":148},[43,17542,79],{"class":53},[43,17544,17545],{"class":148},"keys",[43,17547,7811],{"class":53},[43,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,17551,142],{"class":141},[43,17553,145],{"class":53},[43,17555,12071],{"class":148},[43,17557,79],{"class":53},[43,17559,5974],{"class":148},[43,17561,7811],{"class":53},[43,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,17565,142],{"class":141},[43,17567,145],{"class":53},[43,17569,2370],{"class":141},[43,17571,145],{"class":53},[43,17573,12071],{"class":148},[43,17575,2377],{"class":53},[14,17577,17578],{},[76,17579,17580],{},"Example output:",[34,17582,17584],{"className":36,"code":17583,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17585,17586,17618,17632,17655,17674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17587,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17589,9897],{"class":53},[43,17591,361],{"class":264},[43,17593,8286],{"class":268},[43,17595,361],{"class":264},[43,17597,59],{"class":53},[43,17599,370],{"class":264},[43,17601,13505],{"class":268},[43,17603,361],{"class":264},[43,17605,108],{"class":53},[43,17607,370],{"class":264},[43,17609,9918],{"class":268},[43,17611,361],{"class":264},[43,17613,59],{"class":53},[43,17615,111],{"class":104},[43,17617,9928],{"class":53},[43,17619,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17621,3901],{"class":97},[43,17623,3904],{"class":2671},[43,17625,370],{"class":264},[43,17627,9440],{"class":268},[43,17629,361],{"class":264},[43,17631,3913],{"class":97},[43,17633,17634,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17635,17636],{"class":148},"dict_keys",[43,17638,3595],{"class":53},[43,17640,361],{"class":264},[43,17642,8286],{"class":268},[43,17644,361],{"class":264},[43,17646,108],{"class":53},[43,17648,370],{"class":264},[43,17650,9918],{"class":268},[43,17652,361],{"class":264},[43,17654,1547],{"class":53},[43,17656,17657,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,17658,17659],{"class":148},"dict_values",[43,17661,3595],{"class":53},[43,17663,361],{"class":264},[43,17665,13505],{"class":268},[43,17667,361],{"class":264},[43,17669,108],{"class":53},[43,17671,111],{"class":104},[43,17673,1547],{"class":53},[43,17675,17676],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,17677,17678],{"class":104},"2\n",[14,17680,17681,17682,21,17688,25,17694,79],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[269,17683,11357,17685],{"href":17684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17686,17687],{},"keys()",[269,17689,11357,17691],{"href":17690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17692,17693],{},"values()",[269,17695,11357,17697],{"href":17696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17698,17699],{},"items()",[81,17701,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,17703,17705],{"id":17704},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17707,230,17708,3486,17710,17712],{},[18,17709,4405],{},[18,17711,9738],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1499,17714,17716],{"id":17715},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17718,17719,17720,79],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17721,17722],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1499,17724,17726],{"id":17725},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17728,17729],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1499,17731,17733],{"id":17732},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17735,17736],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1499,17738,5794,17740,1233,17742,2490],{"id":17739},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17741,4405],{},[18,17743,9738],{},[14,17745,17746,17748,17749,17751],{},[18,17747,4405],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17750,9738],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[81,17753,2497],{"id":2496},[389,17755,17756,17760,17766,17770,17776],{},[392,17757,17758],{},[269,17759,9774],{"href":9773},[392,17761,17762],{},[269,17763,11357,17764,11361],{"href":11356},[18,17765,11360],{},[392,17767,17768],{},[269,17769,11872],{"href":11351},[392,17771,17772],{},[269,17773,17775],{"href":17774},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[392,17777,17778],{},[269,17779,11883],{"href":11695},[14,17781,17782],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2536,17784,17785],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":17787},[17788,17789,17790,17791,17794,17797,17802,17803,17808,17809,17814,17815,17823],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":15802,"depth":131,"text":15791},{"id":15887,"depth":131,"text":15888,"children":17792},[17793],{"id":16039,"depth":138,"text":16040},{"id":10021,"depth":131,"text":10022,"children":17795},[17796],{"id":16218,"depth":138,"text":16219},{"id":16331,"depth":131,"text":17798,"children":17799},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17800],{"id":16457,"depth":138,"text":17801},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10063,"depth":131,"text":10064},{"id":16811,"depth":131,"text":16812,"children":17804},[17805,17806,17807],{"id":16832,"depth":138,"text":16833},{"id":16934,"depth":138,"text":16935},{"id":17016,"depth":138,"text":17017},{"id":17102,"depth":131,"text":17103},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":17810},[17811,17812,17813],{"id":17262,"depth":138,"text":17263},{"id":17319,"depth":138,"text":17320},{"id":17383,"depth":138,"text":17384},{"id":17459,"depth":131,"text":17460},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":17816},[17817,17818,17819,17820,17821],{"id":17704,"depth":138,"text":17705},{"id":17715,"depth":138,"text":17716},{"id":17725,"depth":138,"text":17726},{"id":17732,"depth":138,"text":17733},{"id":17739,"depth":138,"text":17822},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15628,"description":17824},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17830,"title":17831,"body":17832,"description":20282,"extension":2572,"meta":20283,"navigation":134,"path":20284,"seo":20285,"stem":20286,"__hash__":20287},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17833,"toc":20238},[17834,17840,17846,17849,17852,17854,17936,17942,17947,17951,17969,17981,17986,17990,18013,18017,18029,18037,18041,18047,18049,18052,18127,18129,18174,18176,18193,18198,18204,18209,18283,18285,18330,18333,18344,18346,18465,18467,18520,18527,18531,18534,18551,18557,18561,18659,18661,18713,18720,18724,18730,18733,18736,18763,18768,18772,18775,18879,18881,18926,18929,18932,18937,18942,18953,18955,19016,19076,19082,19090,19096,19101,19106,19166,19170,19237,19240,19244,19315,19318,19331,19338,19340,19344,19348,19418,19420,19457,19460,19463,19526,19533,19536,19578,19588,19591,19660,19666,19671,19755,19757,19806,19813,19819,19864,19866,19899,19904,19908,19914,19953,19997,20065,20108,20110,20116,20119,20123,20128,20132,20135,20139,20141,20202,20204,20230,20235],[10,17835,11939,17837,11943],{"id":17836},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17838,17839],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17841,17842,17845],{},[18,17843,17844],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17847,17848],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17850,17851],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[81,17853,84],{"id":83},[34,17855,17857],{"className":36,"code":17856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17858,17859,17892,17920,17931],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17860,17861,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17862,17863],{"class":49},"keys ",[43,17865,98],{"class":97},[43,17867,101],{"class":53},[43,17869,265],{"class":264},[43,17871,8286],{"class":268},[43,17873,265],{"class":264},[43,17875,108],{"class":53},[43,17877,276],{"class":264},[43,17879,9918],{"class":268},[43,17881,265],{"class":264},[43,17883,108],{"class":53},[43,17885,276],{"class":264},[43,17887,11028],{"class":268},[43,17889,265],{"class":264},[43,17891,68],{"class":53},[43,17893,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17916,17918],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,17895,13829],{"class":49},[43,17897,98],{"class":97},[43,17899,9789],{"class":3510},[43,17901,79],{"class":53},[43,17903,17904],{"class":148},"fromkeys",[43,17906,145],{"class":53},[43,17908,17545],{"class":148},[43,17910,108],{"class":53},[43,17912,276],{"class":264},[43,17914,17915],{"class":268},"unknown",[43,17917,265],{"class":264},[43,17919,346],{"class":53},[43,17921,17922,17924,17926,17929],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,17923,142],{"class":141},[43,17925,145],{"class":53},[43,17927,17928],{"class":148},"person",[43,17930,346],{"class":53},[43,17932,17933],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,17934,17935],{"class":165},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17937,230,17938,17941],{},[18,17939,17940],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[81,17943,4289,17945,4292],{"id":17944},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17946,17844],{},[14,17948,17949,59],{},[18,17950,17844],{},[389,17952,17953,17956,17959,17962],{},[392,17954,17955],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[392,17957,17958],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[392,17960,17961],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[392,17963,17964,17965,17968],{},"Is called as ",[18,17966,17967],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17970,17971,17972,17974,17975,17977,17978,79],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17973,9440],{},", so you write ",[18,17976,17967],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17979,17980],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17982,17983,17984,79],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[269,17985,9774],{"href":13648},[81,17987,17989],{"id":17988},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[34,17991,17993],{"className":36,"code":17992,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17994,17995],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17996,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17998,9440],{"class":3510},[43,18000,79],{"class":53},[43,18002,17904],{"class":148},[43,18004,145],{"class":53},[43,18006,4333],{"class":148},[43,18008,108],{"class":53},[43,18010,9051],{"class":148},[43,18012,346],{"class":53},[1499,18014,18016],{"id":18015},"parameters","Parameters",[389,18018,18019,18024],{},[392,18020,18021,18023],{},[18,18022,4333],{},": the keys to use",[392,18025,18026,18028],{},[18,18027,3080],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,18030,18031,18032,18034,18035,79],{},"If you leave out ",[18,18033,3080],{},", each key gets ",[18,18036,4391],{},[1499,18038,18040],{"id":18039},"return-value","Return value",[14,18042,18043,18044,79],{},"It returns a ",[76,18045,18046],{},"new dictionary",[81,18048,6403],{"id":6402},[14,18050,18051],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[34,18053,18055],{"className":36,"code":18054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,18056,18057,18090,18112,18116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18058,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18060,17863],{"class":49},[43,18062,98],{"class":97},[43,18064,101],{"class":53},[43,18066,265],{"class":264},[43,18068,13717],{"class":268},[43,18070,265],{"class":264},[43,18072,108],{"class":53},[43,18074,276],{"class":264},[43,18076,18077],{"class":268},"green",[43,18079,265],{"class":264},[43,18081,108],{"class":53},[43,18083,276],{"class":264},[43,18085,13734],{"class":268},[43,18087,265],{"class":264},[43,18089,68],{"class":53},[43,18091,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,18093,13700],{"class":49},[43,18095,98],{"class":97},[43,18097,9789],{"class":3510},[43,18099,79],{"class":53},[43,18101,17904],{"class":148},[43,18103,145],{"class":53},[43,18105,17545],{"class":148},[43,18107,108],{"class":53},[43,18109,4447],{"class":104},[43,18111,346],{"class":53},[43,18113,18114],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,18115,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18117,18118,18120,18122,18125],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,18119,142],{"class":141},[43,18121,145],{"class":53},[43,18123,18124],{"class":148},"colors",[43,18126,346],{"class":53},[14,18128,349],{},[34,18130,18132],{"className":36,"code":18131,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,18133,18134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18135,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18137,9897],{"class":53},[43,18139,361],{"class":264},[43,18141,13717],{"class":268},[43,18143,361],{"class":264},[43,18145,59],{"class":53},[43,18147,4447],{"class":104},[43,18149,108],{"class":53},[43,18151,370],{"class":264},[43,18153,18077],{"class":268},[43,18155,361],{"class":264},[43,18157,59],{"class":53},[43,18159,4447],{"class":104},[43,18161,108],{"class":53},[43,18163,370],{"class":264},[43,18165,13734],{"class":268},[43,18167,361],{"class":264},[43,18169,59],{"class":53},[43,18171,4447],{"class":104},[43,18173,9928],{"class":53},[14,18175,12306],{},[389,18177,18178,18183,18188],{},[392,18179,18180,18182],{},[18,18181,17545],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[392,18184,18185,18187],{},[18,18186,1277],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[392,18189,18190,18192],{},[18,18191,17844],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,18194,18195,18196,79],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[269,18197,10011],{"href":13651},[81,18199,2445,18201,18203],{"id":18200},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,18202,17839],{}," without a value",[14,18205,18206,18207,79],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,18208,4391],{},[34,18210,18212],{"className":36,"code":18211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,18213,18214,18248,18268,18272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18215,18216,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18244,18246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18217,18218],{"class":49},"fields ",[43,18220,98],{"class":97},[43,18222,101],{"class":53},[43,18224,265],{"class":264},[43,18226,8603],{"class":268},[43,18228,265],{"class":264},[43,18230,108],{"class":53},[43,18232,276],{"class":264},[43,18234,15881],{"class":268},[43,18236,265],{"class":264},[43,18238,108],{"class":53},[43,18240,276],{"class":264},[43,18242,18243],{"class":268},"password",[43,18245,265],{"class":264},[43,18247,68],{"class":53},[43,18249,18250,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18266],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,18251,18252],{"class":49},"user_data ",[43,18254,98],{"class":97},[43,18256,9789],{"class":3510},[43,18258,79],{"class":53},[43,18260,17904],{"class":148},[43,18262,145],{"class":53},[43,18264,18265],{"class":148},"fields",[43,18267,346],{"class":53},[43,18269,18270],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,18271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18273,18274,18276,18278,18281],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,18275,142],{"class":141},[43,18277,145],{"class":53},[43,18279,18280],{"class":148},"user_data",[43,18282,346],{"class":53},[14,18284,349],{},[34,18286,18288],{"className":36,"code":18287,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,18289,18290],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18291,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18293,9897],{"class":53},[43,18295,361],{"class":264},[43,18297,8603],{"class":268},[43,18299,361],{"class":264},[43,18301,59],{"class":53},[43,18303,4467],{"class":4466},[43,18305,108],{"class":53},[43,18307,370],{"class":264},[43,18309,15881],{"class":268},[43,18311,361],{"class":264},[43,18313,59],{"class":53},[43,18315,4467],{"class":4466},[43,18317,108],{"class":53},[43,18319,370],{"class":264},[43,18321,18243],{"class":268},[43,18323,361],{"class":264},[43,18325,59],{"class":53},[43,18327,4467],{"class":4466},[43,18329,9928],{"class":53},[14,18331,18332],{},"This is useful when:",[389,18334,18335,18338,18341],{},[392,18336,18337],{},"You want to create the keys first",[392,18339,18340],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[392,18342,18343],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,18345,494],{},[34,18347,18349],{"className":36,"code":18348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,18350,18351,18383,18401,18405,18428,18451,18455],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18352,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18354,18218],{"class":49},[43,18356,98],{"class":97},[43,18358,101],{"class":53},[43,18360,265],{"class":264},[43,18362,8603],{"class":268},[43,18364,265],{"class":264},[43,18366,108],{"class":53},[43,18368,276],{"class":264},[43,18370,15881],{"class":268},[43,18372,265],{"class":264},[43,18374,108],{"class":53},[43,18376,276],{"class":264},[43,18378,18243],{"class":268},[43,18380,265],{"class":264},[43,18382,68],{"class":53},[43,18384,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,18386,18252],{"class":49},[43,18388,98],{"class":97},[43,18390,9789],{"class":3510},[43,18392,79],{"class":53},[43,18394,17904],{"class":148},[43,18396,145],{"class":53},[43,18398,18265],{"class":148},[43,18400,346],{"class":53},[43,18402,18403],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,18404,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18406,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18426],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,18408,18280],{"class":49},[43,18410,54],{"class":53},[43,18412,265],{"class":264},[43,18414,8603],{"class":268},[43,18416,265],{"class":264},[43,18418,13898],{"class":53},[43,18420,13901],{"class":97},[43,18422,276],{"class":264},[43,18424,18425],{"class":268},"alice",[43,18427,3969],{"class":264},[43,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18449],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,18431,18280],{"class":49},[43,18433,54],{"class":53},[43,18435,265],{"class":264},[43,18437,15881],{"class":268},[43,18439,265],{"class":264},[43,18441,13898],{"class":53},[43,18443,13901],{"class":97},[43,18445,276],{"class":264},[43,18447,18448],{"class":268},"alice@example.com",[43,18450,3969],{"class":264},[43,18452,18453],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,18454,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18456,18457,18459,18461,18463],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,18458,142],{"class":141},[43,18460,145],{"class":53},[43,18462,18280],{"class":148},[43,18464,346],{"class":53},[14,18466,349],{},[34,18468,18470],{"className":36,"code":18469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,18471,18472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18473,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18475,9897],{"class":53},[43,18477,361],{"class":264},[43,18479,8603],{"class":268},[43,18481,361],{"class":264},[43,18483,59],{"class":53},[43,18485,370],{"class":264},[43,18487,18425],{"class":268},[43,18489,361],{"class":264},[43,18491,108],{"class":53},[43,18493,370],{"class":264},[43,18495,15881],{"class":268},[43,18497,361],{"class":264},[43,18499,59],{"class":53},[43,18501,370],{"class":264},[43,18503,18448],{"class":268},[43,18505,361],{"class":264},[43,18507,108],{"class":53},[43,18509,370],{"class":264},[43,18511,18243],{"class":268},[43,18513,361],{"class":264},[43,18515,59],{"class":53},[43,18517,4467],{"class":4466},[43,18519,9928],{"class":53},[14,18521,18522,18523,79],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[269,18524,18526],{"href":18525},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[81,18528,18530],{"id":18529},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18532,18533],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[389,18535,18536,18541,18546],{},[392,18537,18538,18540],{},[18,18539,4400],{}," (list)",[392,18542,18543,18545],{},[18,18544,4405],{}," (dictionary)",[392,18547,18548,18550],{},[18,18549,4410],{}," (set)",[14,18552,18553,18554,79],{},"All keys will point to the ",[76,18555,18556],{},"same object",[1499,18558,18560],{"id":18559},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[34,18562,18564],{"className":36,"code":18563,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18565,18566,18598,18619,18623,18645,18649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18569,17863],{"class":49},[43,18571,98],{"class":97},[43,18573,101],{"class":53},[43,18575,265],{"class":264},[43,18577,269],{"class":268},[43,18579,265],{"class":264},[43,18581,108],{"class":53},[43,18583,276],{"class":264},[43,18585,279],{"class":268},[43,18587,265],{"class":264},[43,18589,108],{"class":53},[43,18591,276],{"class":264},[43,18593,288],{"class":268},[43,18595,265],{"class":264},[43,18597,68],{"class":53},[43,18599,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,18601,9784],{"class":49},[43,18603,98],{"class":97},[43,18605,9789],{"class":3510},[43,18607,79],{"class":53},[43,18609,17904],{"class":148},[43,18611,145],{"class":53},[43,18613,17545],{"class":148},[43,18615,108],{"class":53},[43,18617,18618],{"class":53}," [])\n",[43,18620,18621],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,18622,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18624,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,18626,9823],{"class":49},[43,18628,54],{"class":53},[43,18630,265],{"class":264},[43,18632,269],{"class":268},[43,18634,265],{"class":264},[43,18636,14175],{"class":53},[43,18638,14178],{"class":148},[43,18640,145],{"class":53},[43,18642,154],{"class":104},[43,18644,346],{"class":53},[43,18646,18647],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,18648,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,18652,142],{"class":141},[43,18654,145],{"class":53},[43,18656,9823],{"class":148},[43,18658,346],{"class":53},[14,18660,349],{},[34,18662,18664],{"className":36,"code":18663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18665,18666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18667,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18669,9897],{"class":53},[43,18671,361],{"class":264},[43,18673,269],{"class":268},[43,18675,361],{"class":264},[43,18677,59],{"class":53},[43,18679,101],{"class":53},[43,18681,154],{"class":104},[43,18683,18684],{"class":53},"],",[43,18686,370],{"class":264},[43,18688,279],{"class":268},[43,18690,361],{"class":264},[43,18692,59],{"class":53},[43,18694,101],{"class":53},[43,18696,154],{"class":104},[43,18698,18684],{"class":53},[43,18700,370],{"class":264},[43,18702,288],{"class":268},[43,18704,361],{"class":264},[43,18706,59],{"class":53},[43,18708,101],{"class":53},[43,18710,154],{"class":104},[43,18712,14331],{"class":53},[14,18714,18715,18716,18719],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18717,18718],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1499,18721,18723],{"id":18722},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18725,18726,18729],{},[18,18727,18728],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18731,18732],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18734,18735],{},"So this:",[34,18737,18739],{"className":36,"code":18738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18740,18741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18742,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18744,9823],{"class":49},[43,18746,54],{"class":53},[43,18748,265],{"class":264},[43,18750,269],{"class":268},[43,18752,265],{"class":264},[43,18754,14175],{"class":53},[43,18756,14178],{"class":148},[43,18758,145],{"class":53},[43,18760,154],{"class":104},[43,18762,346],{"class":53},[14,18764,18765,18766,79],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18767,18718],{},[1499,18769,18771],{"id":18770},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18773,18774],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[34,18776,18778],{"className":36,"code":18777,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18779,18780,18812,18839,18843,18865,18869],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18781,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18783,17863],{"class":49},[43,18785,98],{"class":97},[43,18787,101],{"class":53},[43,18789,265],{"class":264},[43,18791,269],{"class":268},[43,18793,265],{"class":264},[43,18795,108],{"class":53},[43,18797,276],{"class":264},[43,18799,279],{"class":268},[43,18801,265],{"class":264},[43,18803,108],{"class":53},[43,18805,276],{"class":264},[43,18807,288],{"class":268},[43,18809,265],{"class":264},[43,18811,68],{"class":53},[43,18813,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18827,18829,18832,18834,18837],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,18815,9784],{"class":49},[43,18817,98],{"class":97},[43,18819,11110],{"class":53},[43,18821,15466],{"class":49},[43,18823,59],{"class":53},[43,18825,18826],{"class":53}," []",[43,18828,4492],{"class":4491},[43,18830,18831],{"class":49}," key ",[43,18833,4498],{"class":4491},[43,18835,18836],{"class":49}," keys",[43,18838,9928],{"class":53},[43,18840,18841],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,18842,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18844,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,18846,9823],{"class":49},[43,18848,54],{"class":53},[43,18850,265],{"class":264},[43,18852,269],{"class":268},[43,18854,265],{"class":264},[43,18856,14175],{"class":53},[43,18858,14178],{"class":148},[43,18860,145],{"class":53},[43,18862,154],{"class":104},[43,18864,346],{"class":53},[43,18866,18867],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,18868,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,18872,142],{"class":141},[43,18874,145],{"class":53},[43,18876,9823],{"class":148},[43,18878,346],{"class":53},[14,18880,349],{},[34,18882,18884],{"className":36,"code":18883,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18885,18886],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18887,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18889,9897],{"class":53},[43,18891,361],{"class":264},[43,18893,269],{"class":268},[43,18895,361],{"class":264},[43,18897,59],{"class":53},[43,18899,101],{"class":53},[43,18901,154],{"class":104},[43,18903,18684],{"class":53},[43,18905,370],{"class":264},[43,18907,279],{"class":268},[43,18909,361],{"class":264},[43,18911,59],{"class":53},[43,18913,18914],{"class":53}," [],",[43,18916,370],{"class":264},[43,18918,288],{"class":268},[43,18920,361],{"class":264},[43,18922,59],{"class":53},[43,18924,18925],{"class":53}," []}\n",[14,18927,18928],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18930,18931],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[81,18933,5576,18935],{"id":18934},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18936,17839],{},[14,18938,18939,18941],{},[18,18940,17844],{}," is a good choice when:",[389,18943,18944,18947,18950],{},[392,18945,18946],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[392,18948,18949],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[392,18951,18952],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18954,2731],{},[34,18956,18958],{"className":36,"code":18957,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18959,18960,19005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18961,18962,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18997,18999,19001,19003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18963,18964],{"class":49},"flags ",[43,18966,98],{"class":97},[43,18968,9789],{"class":3510},[43,18970,79],{"class":53},[43,18972,17904],{"class":148},[43,18974,3595],{"class":53},[43,18976,265],{"class":264},[43,18978,18979],{"class":268},"is_admin",[43,18981,265],{"class":264},[43,18983,108],{"class":53},[43,18985,276],{"class":264},[43,18987,15702],{"class":268},[43,18989,265],{"class":264},[43,18991,108],{"class":53},[43,18993,276],{"class":264},[43,18995,18996],{"class":268},"is_verified",[43,18998,265],{"class":264},[43,19000,18684],{"class":53},[43,19002,4521],{"class":4466},[43,19004,346],{"class":53},[43,19006,19007,19009,19011,19014],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19008,142],{"class":141},[43,19010,145],{"class":53},[43,19012,19013],{"class":148},"flags",[43,19015,346],{"class":53},[34,19017,19019],{"className":36,"code":19018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,19020,19021,19066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19022,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19040,19042,19044,19046,19049,19051,19053,19055,19058,19060,19062,19064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19024,5679],{"class":49},[43,19026,98],{"class":97},[43,19028,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19030,79],{"class":53},[43,19032,17904],{"class":148},[43,19034,3595],{"class":53},[43,19036,265],{"class":264},[43,19038,19039],{"class":268},"math",[43,19041,265],{"class":264},[43,19043,108],{"class":53},[43,19045,276],{"class":264},[43,19047,19048],{"class":268},"science",[43,19050,265],{"class":264},[43,19052,108],{"class":53},[43,19054,276],{"class":264},[43,19056,19057],{"class":268},"history",[43,19059,265],{"class":264},[43,19061,18684],{"class":53},[43,19063,4447],{"class":104},[43,19065,346],{"class":53},[43,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19069,142],{"class":141},[43,19071,145],{"class":53},[43,19073,17011],{"class":148},[43,19075,346],{"class":53},[14,19077,19078,19079,19081],{},"It is ",[76,19080,1957],{}," the best choice when:",[389,19083,19084,19087],{},[392,19085,19086],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[392,19088,19089],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[81,19091,19093,19095],{"id":19092},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,19094,17839],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,19097,19098,19100],{},[18,19099,17839],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1499,19102,2445,19104],{"id":19103},"using-fromkeys",[18,19105,17839],{},[34,19107,19109],{"className":36,"code":19108,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,19110,19111,19156],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19112,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19130,19132,19134,19136,19139,19141,19143,19145,19148,19150,19152,19154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19114,14450],{"class":49},[43,19116,98],{"class":97},[43,19118,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19120,79],{"class":53},[43,19122,17904],{"class":148},[43,19124,3595],{"class":53},[43,19126,265],{"class":264},[43,19128,19129],{"class":268},"sound",[43,19131,265],{"class":264},[43,19133,108],{"class":53},[43,19135,276],{"class":264},[43,19137,19138],{"class":268},"music",[43,19140,265],{"class":264},[43,19142,108],{"class":53},[43,19144,276],{"class":264},[43,19146,19147],{"class":268},"notifications",[43,19149,265],{"class":264},[43,19151,18684],{"class":53},[43,19153,4530],{"class":4466},[43,19155,346],{"class":53},[43,19157,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19159,142],{"class":141},[43,19161,145],{"class":53},[43,19163,14509],{"class":148},[43,19165,346],{"class":53},[1499,19167,19169],{"id":19168},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[34,19171,19173],{"className":36,"code":19172,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,19174,19175,19183,19197,19211,19223,19227],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19176,19177,19179,19181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19178,14450],{"class":49},[43,19180,98],{"class":97},[43,19182,12115],{"class":53},[43,19184,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19186,12120],{"class":264},[43,19188,19129],{"class":268},[43,19190,265],{"class":264},[43,19192,59],{"class":53},[43,19194,4530],{"class":4466},[43,19196,12136],{"class":53},[43,19198,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19200,12120],{"class":264},[43,19202,19138],{"class":268},[43,19204,265],{"class":264},[43,19206,59],{"class":53},[43,19208,4521],{"class":4466},[43,19210,12136],{"class":53},[43,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,19214,12120],{"class":264},[43,19216,19147],{"class":268},[43,19218,265],{"class":264},[43,19220,59],{"class":53},[43,19222,7038],{"class":4466},[43,19224,19225],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,19226,9928],{"class":53},[43,19228,19229,19231,19233,19235],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,19230,142],{"class":141},[43,19232,145],{"class":53},[43,19234,14509],{"class":148},[43,19236,346],{"class":53},[14,19238,19239],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1499,19241,19243],{"id":19242},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[34,19245,19247],{"className":36,"code":19246,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,19248,19249,19281,19305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19250,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19252,17863],{"class":49},[43,19254,98],{"class":97},[43,19256,101],{"class":53},[43,19258,265],{"class":264},[43,19260,269],{"class":268},[43,19262,265],{"class":264},[43,19264,108],{"class":53},[43,19266,276],{"class":264},[43,19268,279],{"class":268},[43,19270,265],{"class":264},[43,19272,108],{"class":53},[43,19274,276],{"class":264},[43,19276,288],{"class":268},[43,19278,265],{"class":264},[43,19280,68],{"class":53},[43,19282,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19284,9784],{"class":49},[43,19286,98],{"class":97},[43,19288,11110],{"class":53},[43,19290,15466],{"class":49},[43,19292,59],{"class":53},[43,19294,18826],{"class":53},[43,19296,4492],{"class":4491},[43,19298,18831],{"class":49},[43,19300,4498],{"class":4491},[43,19302,18836],{"class":49},[43,19304,9928],{"class":53},[43,19306,19307,19309,19311,19313],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19308,142],{"class":141},[43,19310,145],{"class":53},[43,19312,9823],{"class":148},[43,19314,346],{"class":53},[14,19316,19317],{},"Use:",[389,19319,19320,19325,19328],{},[392,19321,19322,19324],{},[18,19323,17839],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[392,19326,19327],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[392,19329,19330],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,19332,19333,19334,79],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[269,19335,11357,19336,11361],{"href":14657},[18,19337,15578],{},[81,19339,3438],{"id":3437},[14,19341,15358,19342,79],{},[18,19343,17844],{},[1499,19345,19347],{"id":19346},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[34,19349,19351],{"className":36,"code":19350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19352,19353,19386,19408],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19354,19355,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19356,19357],{"class":49},"d ",[43,19359,98],{"class":97},[43,19361,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19363,79],{"class":53},[43,19365,17904],{"class":148},[43,19367,3595],{"class":53},[43,19369,265],{"class":264},[43,19371,269],{"class":268},[43,19373,265],{"class":264},[43,19375,108],{"class":53},[43,19377,276],{"class":264},[43,19379,279],{"class":268},[43,19381,265],{"class":264},[43,19383,18684],{"class":53},[43,19385,18618],{"class":53},[43,19387,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19389,297],{"class":49},[43,19391,54],{"class":53},[43,19393,265],{"class":264},[43,19395,269],{"class":268},[43,19397,265],{"class":264},[43,19399,14175],{"class":53},[43,19401,14178],{"class":148},[43,19403,145],{"class":53},[43,19405,154],{"class":104},[43,19407,346],{"class":53},[43,19409,19410,19412,19414,19416],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19411,142],{"class":141},[43,19413,145],{"class":53},[43,19415,297],{"class":148},[43,19417,346],{"class":53},[14,19419,349],{},[34,19421,19423],{"className":36,"code":19422,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,19424,19425],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19426,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19428,9897],{"class":53},[43,19430,361],{"class":264},[43,19432,269],{"class":268},[43,19434,361],{"class":264},[43,19436,59],{"class":53},[43,19438,101],{"class":53},[43,19440,154],{"class":104},[43,19442,18684],{"class":53},[43,19444,370],{"class":264},[43,19446,279],{"class":268},[43,19448,361],{"class":264},[43,19450,59],{"class":53},[43,19452,101],{"class":53},[43,19454,154],{"class":104},[43,19456,14331],{"class":53},[14,19458,19459],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19461,19462],{},"Use this instead:",[34,19464,19466],{"className":36,"code":19465,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,19467,19468,19492,19516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19469,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19471,17863],{"class":49},[43,19473,98],{"class":97},[43,19475,101],{"class":53},[43,19477,265],{"class":264},[43,19479,269],{"class":268},[43,19481,265],{"class":264},[43,19483,108],{"class":53},[43,19485,276],{"class":264},[43,19487,279],{"class":268},[43,19489,265],{"class":264},[43,19491,68],{"class":53},[43,19493,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19495,19357],{"class":49},[43,19497,98],{"class":97},[43,19499,11110],{"class":53},[43,19501,15466],{"class":49},[43,19503,59],{"class":53},[43,19505,18826],{"class":53},[43,19507,4492],{"class":4491},[43,19509,18831],{"class":49},[43,19511,4498],{"class":4491},[43,19513,18836],{"class":49},[43,19515,9928],{"class":53},[43,19517,19518,19520,19522,19524],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19519,142],{"class":141},[43,19521,145],{"class":53},[43,19523,297],{"class":148},[43,19525,346],{"class":53},[1499,19527,19529,19530,19532],{"id":19528},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,19531,17839],{}," on a list",[14,19534,19535],{},"Wrong idea:",[34,19537,19539],{"className":36,"code":19538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,19540,19541,19573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19542,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19544,17863],{"class":49},[43,19546,98],{"class":97},[43,19548,101],{"class":53},[43,19550,265],{"class":264},[43,19552,269],{"class":268},[43,19554,265],{"class":264},[43,19556,108],{"class":53},[43,19558,276],{"class":264},[43,19560,279],{"class":268},[43,19562,265],{"class":264},[43,19564,108],{"class":53},[43,19566,276],{"class":264},[43,19568,288],{"class":268},[43,19570,265],{"class":264},[43,19572,68],{"class":53},[43,19574,19575],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19576,19577],{"class":165},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19579,19580,19582,19583,19585,19586,79],{},[18,19581,17839],{}," belongs to ",[18,19584,9440],{},", not ",[18,19587,8712],{},[14,19589,19590],{},"Correct usage:",[34,19592,19594],{"className":36,"code":19593,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19595,19596,19628,19650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19597,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19599,17863],{"class":49},[43,19601,98],{"class":97},[43,19603,101],{"class":53},[43,19605,265],{"class":264},[43,19607,269],{"class":268},[43,19609,265],{"class":264},[43,19611,108],{"class":53},[43,19613,276],{"class":264},[43,19615,279],{"class":268},[43,19617,265],{"class":264},[43,19619,108],{"class":53},[43,19621,276],{"class":264},[43,19623,288],{"class":268},[43,19625,265],{"class":264},[43,19627,68],{"class":53},[43,19629,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19631,19357],{"class":49},[43,19633,98],{"class":97},[43,19635,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19637,79],{"class":53},[43,19639,17904],{"class":148},[43,19641,145],{"class":53},[43,19643,17545],{"class":148},[43,19645,108],{"class":53},[43,19647,4447],{"class":104},[43,19649,346],{"class":53},[43,19651,19652,19654,19656,19658],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19653,142],{"class":141},[43,19655,145],{"class":53},[43,19657,297],{"class":148},[43,19659,346],{"class":53},[1499,19661,9071,19663,19665],{"id":19662},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19664,17839],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19667,19668,19670],{},[18,19669,17844],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[34,19672,19674],{"className":36,"code":19673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19675,19676,19696,19730,19734,19744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19677,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19679,12709],{"class":49},[43,19681,98],{"class":97},[43,19683,11110],{"class":53},[43,19685,265],{"class":264},[43,19687,2780],{"class":268},[43,19689,265],{"class":264},[43,19691,59],{"class":53},[43,19693,6113],{"class":104},[43,19695,9928],{"class":53},[43,19697,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19699,13663],{"class":49},[43,19701,98],{"class":97},[43,19703,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19705,79],{"class":53},[43,19707,17904],{"class":148},[43,19709,3595],{"class":53},[43,19711,265],{"class":264},[43,19713,269],{"class":268},[43,19715,265],{"class":264},[43,19717,108],{"class":53},[43,19719,276],{"class":264},[43,19721,279],{"class":268},[43,19723,265],{"class":264},[43,19725,18684],{"class":53},[43,19727,4447],{"class":104},[43,19729,346],{"class":53},[43,19731,19732],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,19733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,19735,19736,19738,19740,19742],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,19737,142],{"class":141},[43,19739,145],{"class":53},[43,19741,12756],{"class":148},[43,19743,346],{"class":53},[43,19745,19746,19748,19750,19753],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,19747,142],{"class":141},[43,19749,145],{"class":53},[43,19751,19752],{"class":148},"new_dict",[43,19754,346],{"class":53},[14,19756,349],{},[34,19758,19760],{"className":36,"code":19759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19761,19762,19778],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19763,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19765,9897],{"class":53},[43,19767,361],{"class":264},[43,19769,2780],{"class":268},[43,19771,361],{"class":264},[43,19773,59],{"class":53},[43,19775,6113],{"class":104},[43,19777,9928],{"class":53},[43,19779,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19781,9897],{"class":53},[43,19783,361],{"class":264},[43,19785,269],{"class":268},[43,19787,361],{"class":264},[43,19789,59],{"class":53},[43,19791,4447],{"class":104},[43,19793,108],{"class":53},[43,19795,370],{"class":264},[43,19797,279],{"class":268},[43,19799,361],{"class":264},[43,19801,59],{"class":53},[43,19803,4447],{"class":104},[43,19805,9928],{"class":53},[14,19807,19808,19809,79],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[269,19810,11357,19811,11361],{"href":14657},[18,19812,15578],{},[1499,19814,19816,19817],{"id":19815},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19818,4391],{},[34,19820,19822],{"className":36,"code":19821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19823,19824,19854],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19825,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19827,19357],{"class":49},[43,19829,98],{"class":97},[43,19831,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19833,79],{"class":53},[43,19835,17904],{"class":148},[43,19837,3595],{"class":53},[43,19839,265],{"class":264},[43,19841,2780],{"class":268},[43,19843,265],{"class":264},[43,19845,108],{"class":53},[43,19847,276],{"class":264},[43,19849,12368],{"class":268},[43,19851,265],{"class":264},[43,19853,1547],{"class":53},[43,19855,19856,19858,19860,19862],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19857,142],{"class":141},[43,19859,145],{"class":53},[43,19861,297],{"class":148},[43,19863,346],{"class":53},[14,19865,349],{},[34,19867,19869],{"className":36,"code":19868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19870,19871],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19872,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19874,9897],{"class":53},[43,19876,361],{"class":264},[43,19878,2780],{"class":268},[43,19880,361],{"class":264},[43,19882,59],{"class":53},[43,19884,4467],{"class":4466},[43,19886,108],{"class":53},[43,19888,370],{"class":264},[43,19890,12368],{"class":268},[43,19892,361],{"class":264},[43,19894,59],{"class":53},[43,19896,4467],{"class":4466},[43,19898,9928],{"class":53},[14,19900,19901,19902,79],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19903,4391],{},[81,19905,19907],{"id":19906},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19909,19910,19911,19913],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19912,17839],{}," works.",[34,19915,19917],{"className":36,"code":19916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19918,19919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19920,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19922,142],{"class":141},[43,19924,145],{"class":53},[43,19926,9440],{"class":3510},[43,19928,79],{"class":53},[43,19930,17904],{"class":148},[43,19932,3595],{"class":53},[43,19934,265],{"class":264},[43,19936,269],{"class":268},[43,19938,265],{"class":264},[43,19940,108],{"class":53},[43,19942,276],{"class":264},[43,19944,279],{"class":268},[43,19946,265],{"class":264},[43,19948,18684],{"class":53},[43,19950,4447],{"class":104},[43,19952,2377],{"class":53},[34,19954,19955],{"className":36,"code":19821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,19956,19957,19987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19958,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19960,19357],{"class":49},[43,19962,98],{"class":97},[43,19964,9789],{"class":3510},[43,19966,79],{"class":53},[43,19968,17904],{"class":148},[43,19970,3595],{"class":53},[43,19972,265],{"class":264},[43,19974,2780],{"class":268},[43,19976,265],{"class":264},[43,19978,108],{"class":53},[43,19980,276],{"class":264},[43,19982,12368],{"class":268},[43,19984,265],{"class":264},[43,19986,1547],{"class":53},[43,19988,19989,19991,19993,19995],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,19990,142],{"class":141},[43,19992,145],{"class":53},[43,19994,297],{"class":148},[43,19996,346],{"class":53},[34,19998,19999],{"className":36,"code":19350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,20000,20001,20033,20055],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20002,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20004,19357],{"class":49},[43,20006,98],{"class":97},[43,20008,9789],{"class":3510},[43,20010,79],{"class":53},[43,20012,17904],{"class":148},[43,20014,3595],{"class":53},[43,20016,265],{"class":264},[43,20018,269],{"class":268},[43,20020,265],{"class":264},[43,20022,108],{"class":53},[43,20024,276],{"class":264},[43,20026,279],{"class":268},[43,20028,265],{"class":264},[43,20030,18684],{"class":53},[43,20032,18618],{"class":53},[43,20034,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20036,297],{"class":49},[43,20038,54],{"class":53},[43,20040,265],{"class":264},[43,20042,269],{"class":268},[43,20044,265],{"class":264},[43,20046,14175],{"class":53},[43,20048,14178],{"class":148},[43,20050,145],{"class":53},[43,20052,154],{"class":104},[43,20054,346],{"class":53},[43,20056,20057,20059,20061,20063],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,20058,142],{"class":141},[43,20060,145],{"class":53},[43,20062,297],{"class":148},[43,20064,346],{"class":53},[34,20066,20068],{"className":36,"code":20067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,20069,20070],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20071,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20073,142],{"class":141},[43,20075,145],{"class":53},[43,20077,3832],{"class":3510},[43,20079,145],{"class":53},[43,20081,9440],{"class":3510},[43,20083,79],{"class":53},[43,20085,17904],{"class":148},[43,20087,3595],{"class":53},[43,20089,154],{"class":104},[43,20091,108],{"class":53},[43,20093,1525],{"class":104},[43,20095,108],{"class":53},[43,20097,1530],{"class":104},[43,20099,18684],{"class":53},[43,20101,276],{"class":264},[43,20103,3080],{"class":268},[43,20105,265],{"class":264},[43,20107,3521],{"class":53},[81,20109,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,20111,13328,20113,20115],{"id":20112},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,20114,17839],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,20117,20118],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1499,20120,20122],{"id":20121},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,20124,20125,20126,79],{},"Each key gets ",[18,20127,4391],{},[1499,20129,20131],{"id":20130},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,20133,20134],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1499,20136,20138],{"id":20137},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,20140,18774],{},[34,20142,20144],{"className":36,"code":20143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,20145,20146,20178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20147,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20149,17863],{"class":49},[43,20151,98],{"class":97},[43,20153,101],{"class":53},[43,20155,265],{"class":264},[43,20157,269],{"class":268},[43,20159,265],{"class":264},[43,20161,108],{"class":53},[43,20163,276],{"class":264},[43,20165,279],{"class":268},[43,20167,265],{"class":264},[43,20169,108],{"class":53},[43,20171,276],{"class":264},[43,20173,288],{"class":268},[43,20175,265],{"class":264},[43,20177,68],{"class":53},[43,20179,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20181,9784],{"class":49},[43,20183,98],{"class":97},[43,20185,11110],{"class":53},[43,20187,15466],{"class":49},[43,20189,59],{"class":53},[43,20191,18826],{"class":53},[43,20193,4492],{"class":4491},[43,20195,18831],{"class":49},[43,20197,4498],{"class":4491},[43,20199,18836],{"class":49},[43,20201,9928],{"class":53},[81,20203,2497],{"id":2496},[389,20205,20206,20210,20214,20218,20224],{},[392,20207,20208],{},[269,20209,11863],{"href":13651},[392,20211,20212],{},[269,20213,9774],{"href":13648},[392,20215,20216],{},[269,20217,11872],{"href":18525},[392,20219,20220],{},[269,20221,11357,20222,11361],{"href":14657},[18,20223,15578],{},[392,20225,20226],{},[269,20227,11357,20228,11361],{"href":15622},[18,20229,13401],{},[14,20231,230,20232,20234],{},[18,20233,17844],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2536,20236,20237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":20239},[20240,20241,20243,20247,20248,20250,20255,20257,20264,20273,20274,20281],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":17944,"depth":131,"text":20242},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17988,"depth":131,"text":17989,"children":20244},[20245,20246],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":18039,"depth":138,"text":18040},{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":18200,"depth":131,"text":20249},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18529,"depth":131,"text":18530,"children":20251},[20252,20253,20254],{"id":18559,"depth":138,"text":18560},{"id":18722,"depth":138,"text":18723},{"id":18770,"depth":138,"text":18771},{"id":18934,"depth":131,"text":20256},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19092,"depth":131,"text":20258,"children":20259},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20260,20262,20263],{"id":19103,"depth":138,"text":20261},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19168,"depth":138,"text":19169},{"id":19242,"depth":138,"text":19243},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":20265},[20266,20267,20269,20271],{"id":19346,"depth":138,"text":19347},{"id":19528,"depth":138,"text":20268},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19662,"depth":138,"text":20270},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19815,"depth":138,"text":20272},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19906,"depth":131,"text":19907},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":20275},[20276,20278,20279,20280],{"id":20112,"depth":138,"text":20277},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20121,"depth":138,"text":20122},{"id":20130,"depth":138,"text":20131},{"id":20137,"depth":138,"text":20138},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17831,"description":20282},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20289,"title":20290,"body":20291,"description":22120,"extension":2572,"meta":22121,"navigation":134,"path":22122,"seo":22123,"stem":22124,"__hash__":22125},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20292,"toc":22087},[20293,20298,20304,20315,20445,20452,20457,20461,20477,20479,20577,20580,20597,20601,20603,20608,20646,20649,20667,20669,20787,20792,20796,20812,20815,20951,20954,20959,20965,20968,21005,21008,21012,21017,21092,21096,21101,21183,21185,21201,21206,21210,21216,21285,21288,21305,21308,21390,21396,21399,21419,21423,21428,21434,21440,21511,21514,21520,21523,21597,21604,21610,21618,21628,21630,21725,21731,21736,21823,21829,21831,21836,21858,21861,21956,21959,21990,22003,22005,22013,22019,22025,22028,22034,22039,22046,22051,22053,22084],[10,20294,11939,20296,11943],{"id":20295},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,20297,11360],{},[14,20299,20300,20301,20303],{},"The dictionary ",[18,20302,11360],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,20305,20306,20307,21,20310,3004,20312,20314],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,20308,20309],{},"KeyError",[18,20311,11360],{},[18,20313,4391],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[34,20316,20318],{"className":36,"code":20317,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,20319,20320,20356,20360,20386,20411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20321,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20323,13829],{"class":49},[43,20325,98],{"class":97},[43,20327,11110],{"class":53},[43,20329,265],{"class":264},[43,20331,8286],{"class":268},[43,20333,265],{"class":264},[43,20335,59],{"class":53},[43,20337,276],{"class":264},[43,20339,13505],{"class":268},[43,20341,265],{"class":264},[43,20343,108],{"class":53},[43,20345,276],{"class":264},[43,20347,9918],{"class":268},[43,20349,265],{"class":264},[43,20351,59],{"class":53},[43,20353,9925],{"class":104},[43,20355,9928],{"class":53},[43,20357,20358],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20359,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,20361,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,20363,142],{"class":141},[43,20365,145],{"class":53},[43,20367,17928],{"class":148},[43,20369,79],{"class":53},[43,20371,20372],{"class":148},"get",[43,20374,145],{"class":53},[43,20376,265],{"class":264},[43,20378,8286],{"class":268},[43,20380,265],{"class":264},[43,20382,5977],{"class":53},[43,20384,20385],{"class":165},"           # Ana\n",[43,20387,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,20389,142],{"class":141},[43,20391,145],{"class":53},[43,20393,17928],{"class":148},[43,20395,79],{"class":53},[43,20397,20372],{"class":148},[43,20399,145],{"class":53},[43,20401,265],{"class":264},[43,20403,11028],{"class":268},[43,20405,265],{"class":264},[43,20407,5977],{"class":53},[43,20409,20410],{"class":165},"           # None\n",[43,20412,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20438,20440,20442],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,20414,142],{"class":141},[43,20416,145],{"class":53},[43,20418,17928],{"class":148},[43,20420,79],{"class":53},[43,20422,20372],{"class":148},[43,20424,145],{"class":53},[43,20426,265],{"class":264},[43,20428,11028],{"class":268},[43,20430,265],{"class":264},[43,20432,108],{"class":53},[43,20434,276],{"class":264},[43,20436,20437],{"class":268},"N\u002FA",[43,20439,265],{"class":264},[43,20441,5977],{"class":53},[43,20443,20444],{"class":165},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20446,230,20447,20449,20450,79],{},[18,20448,11360],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,20451,20309],{},[81,20453,4289,20455,4292],{"id":20454},"what-get-does",[18,20456,11360],{},[14,20458,1242,20459,12034],{},[18,20460,11360],{},[389,20462,20463,20466,20471,20474],{},[392,20464,20465],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[392,20467,12045,20468,20470],{},[18,20469,4391],{}," if the key does not exist",[392,20472,20473],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[392,20475,20476],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20478,494],{},[34,20480,20482],{"className":36,"code":20481,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,20483,20484,20523,20527,20552],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20485,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20505,20507,20509,20511,20514,20516,20518,20521],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20487,13488],{"class":49},[43,20489,98],{"class":97},[43,20491,11110],{"class":53},[43,20493,265],{"class":264},[43,20495,8286],{"class":268},[43,20497,265],{"class":264},[43,20499,59],{"class":53},[43,20501,276],{"class":264},[43,20503,20504],{"class":268},"Lina",[43,20506,265],{"class":264},[43,20508,108],{"class":53},[43,20510,276],{"class":264},[43,20512,20513],{"class":268},"grade",[43,20515,265],{"class":264},[43,20517,59],{"class":53},[43,20519,20520],{"class":104}," 90",[43,20522,9928],{"class":53},[43,20524,20525],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20526,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,20528,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,20530,142],{"class":141},[43,20532,145],{"class":53},[43,20534,14251],{"class":148},[43,20536,79],{"class":53},[43,20538,20372],{"class":148},[43,20540,145],{"class":53},[43,20542,265],{"class":264},[43,20544,8286],{"class":268},[43,20546,265],{"class":264},[43,20548,5977],{"class":53},[43,20550,20551],{"class":165},"     # Lina\n",[43,20553,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,20555,142],{"class":141},[43,20557,145],{"class":53},[43,20559,14251],{"class":148},[43,20561,79],{"class":53},[43,20563,20372],{"class":148},[43,20565,145],{"class":53},[43,20567,265],{"class":264},[43,20569,15881],{"class":268},[43,20571,265],{"class":264},[43,20573,5977],{"class":53},[43,20575,20576],{"class":165},"    # None\n",[14,20578,20579],{},"In this example:",[389,20581,20582,20587],{},[392,20583,20584,20586],{},[18,20585,15862],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[392,20588,20589,20592,20593,3004,20595],{},[18,20590,20591],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20594,11360],{},[18,20596,4391],{},[14,20598,13645,20599,79],{},[269,20600,9774],{"href":9773},[81,20602,2763],{"id":2762},[14,20604,20605,20606,59],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20607,11360],{},[34,20609,20611],{"className":36,"code":20610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20612,20613,20627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20614,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20616,16227],{"class":49},[43,20618,79],{"class":53},[43,20620,20372],{"class":148},[43,20622,145],{"class":53},[43,20624,15466],{"class":148},[43,20626,346],{"class":53},[43,20628,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20644],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20630,16227],{"class":49},[43,20632,79],{"class":53},[43,20634,20372],{"class":148},[43,20636,145],{"class":53},[43,20638,15466],{"class":148},[43,20640,108],{"class":53},[43,20642,20643],{"class":148}," default_value",[43,20645,346],{"class":53},[14,20647,20648],{},"What each part means:",[389,20650,20651,20656,20662],{},[392,20652,20653,20655],{},[18,20654,15466],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[392,20657,20658,20661],{},[18,20659,20660],{},"default_value"," is optional",[392,20663,20664,20665],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20666,4391],{},[14,20668,494],{},[34,20670,20672],{"className":36,"code":20671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20673,20674,20698,20702,20727,20753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20675,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20677,14450],{"class":49},[43,20679,98],{"class":97},[43,20681,11110],{"class":53},[43,20683,265],{"class":264},[43,20685,13118],{"class":268},[43,20687,265],{"class":264},[43,20689,59],{"class":53},[43,20691,276],{"class":264},[43,20693,13127],{"class":268},[43,20695,265],{"class":264},[43,20697,9928],{"class":53},[43,20699,20700],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,20703,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,20705,142],{"class":141},[43,20707,145],{"class":53},[43,20709,14509],{"class":148},[43,20711,79],{"class":53},[43,20713,20372],{"class":148},[43,20715,145],{"class":53},[43,20717,265],{"class":264},[43,20719,13118],{"class":268},[43,20721,265],{"class":264},[43,20723,5977],{"class":53},[43,20725,20726],{"class":165},"            # dark\n",[43,20728,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20746,20748,20750],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,20730,142],{"class":141},[43,20732,145],{"class":53},[43,20734,14509],{"class":148},[43,20736,79],{"class":53},[43,20738,20372],{"class":148},[43,20740,145],{"class":53},[43,20742,265],{"class":264},[43,20744,20745],{"class":268},"language",[43,20747,265],{"class":264},[43,20749,5977],{"class":53},[43,20751,20752],{"class":165},"         # None\n",[43,20754,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20780,20782,20784],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,20756,142],{"class":141},[43,20758,145],{"class":53},[43,20760,14509],{"class":148},[43,20762,79],{"class":53},[43,20764,20372],{"class":148},[43,20766,145],{"class":53},[43,20768,265],{"class":264},[43,20770,20745],{"class":268},[43,20772,265],{"class":264},[43,20774,108],{"class":53},[43,20776,276],{"class":264},[43,20778,20779],{"class":268},"en",[43,20781,265],{"class":264},[43,20783,5977],{"class":53},[43,20785,20786],{"class":165},"   # en\n",[81,20788,5576,20790],{"id":20789},"when-to-use-get",[18,20791,11360],{},[14,20793,230,20794,11221],{},[18,20795,11360],{},[389,20797,20798,20801,20806,20809],{},[392,20799,20800],{},"A key might not exist",[392,20802,20803,20804],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20805,20309],{},[392,20807,20808],{},"You are reading optional data",[392,20810,20811],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20813,20814],{},"Example with optional user data:",[34,20816,20818],{"className":36,"code":20817,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20819,20820,20862,20866,20891,20917],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20821,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20858,20860],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20823,12110],{"class":49},[43,20825,98],{"class":97},[43,20827,11110],{"class":53},[43,20829,265],{"class":264},[43,20831,8603],{"class":268},[43,20833,265],{"class":264},[43,20835,59],{"class":53},[43,20837,276],{"class":264},[43,20839,20840],{"class":268},"sam",[43,20842,265],{"class":264},[43,20844,108],{"class":53},[43,20846,276],{"class":264},[43,20848,15881],{"class":268},[43,20850,265],{"class":264},[43,20852,59],{"class":53},[43,20854,276],{"class":264},[43,20856,20857],{"class":268},"sam@example.com",[43,20859,265],{"class":264},[43,20861,9928],{"class":53},[43,20863,20864],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20865,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,20867,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,20869,142],{"class":141},[43,20871,145],{"class":53},[43,20873,12204],{"class":148},[43,20875,79],{"class":53},[43,20877,20372],{"class":148},[43,20879,145],{"class":53},[43,20881,265],{"class":264},[43,20883,8603],{"class":268},[43,20885,265],{"class":264},[43,20887,5977],{"class":53},[43,20889,20890],{"class":165},"              # sam\n",[43,20892,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20910,20912,20914],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,20894,142],{"class":141},[43,20896,145],{"class":53},[43,20898,12204],{"class":148},[43,20900,79],{"class":53},[43,20902,20372],{"class":148},[43,20904,145],{"class":53},[43,20906,265],{"class":264},[43,20908,20909],{"class":268},"phone",[43,20911,265],{"class":264},[43,20913,5977],{"class":53},[43,20915,20916],{"class":165},"                 # None\n",[43,20918,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20944,20946,20948],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,20920,142],{"class":141},[43,20922,145],{"class":53},[43,20924,12204],{"class":148},[43,20926,79],{"class":53},[43,20928,20372],{"class":148},[43,20930,145],{"class":53},[43,20932,265],{"class":264},[43,20934,20909],{"class":268},[43,20936,265],{"class":264},[43,20938,108],{"class":53},[43,20940,276],{"class":264},[43,20942,20943],{"class":268},"Not provided",[43,20945,265],{"class":264},[43,20947,5977],{"class":53},[43,20949,20950],{"class":165}," # Not provided\n",[14,20952,20953],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20955,20956,20957,79],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[269,20958,17220],{"href":17219},[81,20960,20962,20964],{"id":20961},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20963,11360],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20966,20967],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[34,20969,20971],{"className":36,"code":20970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20972,20973,20987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20974,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20976,9823],{"class":49},[43,20978,54],{"class":53},[43,20980,265],{"class":264},[43,20982,15466],{"class":268},[43,20984,265],{"class":264},[43,20986,68],{"class":53},[43,20988,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,20990,9823],{"class":49},[43,20992,79],{"class":53},[43,20994,20372],{"class":148},[43,20996,145],{"class":53},[43,20998,265],{"class":264},[43,21000,15466],{"class":268},[43,21002,265],{"class":264},[43,21004,346],{"class":53},[14,21006,21007],{},"The difference is important.",[1499,21009,21011],{"id":21010},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,21013,21014,21015,79],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,21016,20309],{},[34,21018,21020],{"className":36,"code":21019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,21021,21022,21046,21050,21071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21023,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21025,9784],{"class":49},[43,21027,98],{"class":97},[43,21029,11110],{"class":53},[43,21031,265],{"class":264},[43,21033,8286],{"class":268},[43,21035,265],{"class":264},[43,21037,59],{"class":53},[43,21039,276],{"class":264},[43,21041,13505],{"class":268},[43,21043,265],{"class":264},[43,21045,9928],{"class":53},[43,21047,21048],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21049,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21051,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21053,142],{"class":141},[43,21055,145],{"class":53},[43,21057,9823],{"class":148},[43,21059,54],{"class":53},[43,21061,265],{"class":264},[43,21063,8286],{"class":268},[43,21065,265],{"class":264},[43,21067,162],{"class":53},[43,21069,21070],{"class":165},"   # Ana\n",[43,21072,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21074,142],{"class":141},[43,21076,145],{"class":53},[43,21078,9823],{"class":148},[43,21080,54],{"class":53},[43,21082,265],{"class":264},[43,21084,11028],{"class":268},[43,21086,265],{"class":264},[43,21088,162],{"class":53},[43,21090,21091],{"class":165},"   # KeyError\n",[1499,21093,21094],{"id":20372},[18,21095,11360],{},[14,21097,21098,21100],{},[18,21099,11360],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[34,21102,21104],{"className":36,"code":21103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,21105,21106,21130,21134,21158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21107,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21109,9784],{"class":49},[43,21111,98],{"class":97},[43,21113,11110],{"class":53},[43,21115,265],{"class":264},[43,21117,8286],{"class":268},[43,21119,265],{"class":264},[43,21121,59],{"class":53},[43,21123,276],{"class":264},[43,21125,13505],{"class":268},[43,21127,265],{"class":264},[43,21129,9928],{"class":53},[43,21131,21132],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21135,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21137,142],{"class":141},[43,21139,145],{"class":53},[43,21141,9823],{"class":148},[43,21143,79],{"class":53},[43,21145,20372],{"class":148},[43,21147,145],{"class":53},[43,21149,265],{"class":264},[43,21151,8286],{"class":268},[43,21153,265],{"class":264},[43,21155,5977],{"class":53},[43,21157,21070],{"class":165},[43,21159,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21161,142],{"class":141},[43,21163,145],{"class":53},[43,21165,9823],{"class":148},[43,21167,79],{"class":53},[43,21169,20372],{"class":148},[43,21171,145],{"class":53},[43,21173,265],{"class":264},[43,21175,11028],{"class":268},[43,21177,265],{"class":264},[43,21179,5977],{"class":53},[43,21181,21182],{"class":165},"   # None\n",[14,21184,19317],{},[389,21186,21187,21193],{},[392,21188,21189,21190],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[76,21191,21192],{},"must exist",[392,21194,21195,21197,21198],{},[18,21196,11360],{}," when the key is ",[76,21199,21200],{},"optional",[14,21202,21203,21204,79],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[269,21205,11883],{"href":11695},[81,21207,21209],{"id":21208},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,21211,21212,21213,21215],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,21214,11360],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[34,21217,21219],{"className":36,"code":21218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,21220,21221,21246,21250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21222,21223,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21224,21225],{"class":49},"profile ",[43,21227,98],{"class":97},[43,21229,11110],{"class":53},[43,21231,265],{"class":264},[43,21233,8286],{"class":268},[43,21235,265],{"class":264},[43,21237,59],{"class":53},[43,21239,276],{"class":264},[43,21241,8539],{"class":268},[43,21243,265],{"class":264},[43,21245,9928],{"class":53},[43,21247,21248],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21249,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21251,21252,21254,21256,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21278,21280,21282],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21253,142],{"class":141},[43,21255,145],{"class":53},[43,21257,21258],{"class":148},"profile",[43,21260,79],{"class":53},[43,21262,20372],{"class":148},[43,21264,145],{"class":53},[43,21266,265],{"class":264},[43,21268,15884],{"class":268},[43,21270,265],{"class":264},[43,21272,108],{"class":53},[43,21274,276],{"class":264},[43,21276,21277],{"class":268},"Unknown",[43,21279,265],{"class":264},[43,21281,5977],{"class":53},[43,21283,21284],{"class":165},"  # Unknown\n",[14,21286,21287],{},"This is useful for display text:",[389,21289,21290,21295,21300],{},[392,21291,21292],{},[18,21293,21294],{},"\"Unknown\"",[392,21296,21297],{},[18,21298,21299],{},"\"Not set\"",[392,21301,21302],{},[18,21303,21304],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,21306,21307],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[34,21309,21311],{"className":36,"code":21310,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,21312,21313,21345,21349,21376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21314,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21316,5679],{"class":49},[43,21318,98],{"class":97},[43,21320,11110],{"class":53},[43,21322,265],{"class":264},[43,21324,19039],{"class":268},[43,21326,265],{"class":264},[43,21328,59],{"class":53},[43,21330,977],{"class":104},[43,21332,108],{"class":53},[43,21334,276],{"class":264},[43,21336,19048],{"class":268},[43,21338,265],{"class":264},[43,21340,59],{"class":53},[43,21342,6975],{"class":104},[43,21344,9928],{"class":53},[43,21346,21347],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21350,21351,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21352,21353],{"class":49},"total_history ",[43,21355,98],{"class":97},[43,21357,5725],{"class":49},[43,21359,79],{"class":53},[43,21361,20372],{"class":148},[43,21363,145],{"class":53},[43,21365,265],{"class":264},[43,21367,19057],{"class":268},[43,21369,265],{"class":264},[43,21371,108],{"class":53},[43,21373,4447],{"class":104},[43,21375,346],{"class":53},[43,21377,21378,21380,21382,21385,21387],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21379,142],{"class":141},[43,21381,145],{"class":53},[43,21383,21384],{"class":148},"total_history",[43,21386,4272],{"class":53},[43,21388,21389],{"class":165},"   # 0\n",[14,21391,21392,21393,21395],{},"Here, ",[18,21394,1277],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,21397,21398],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[389,21400,21401,21404,21409,21414],{},[392,21402,21403],{},"Use a string for text",[392,21405,230,21406,21408],{},[18,21407,1277],{}," for numbers",[392,21410,230,21411,21413],{},[18,21412,4400],{}," for lists if needed",[392,21415,230,21416,21418],{},[18,21417,4405],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[81,21420,21422],{"id":21421},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21424,21425,21426,79],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,21427,11360],{},[1499,21429,21431,21433],{"id":21430},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,21432,11360],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21435,21436,21437,21439],{},"This code does ",[76,21438,1957],{}," create a new key:",[34,21441,21443],{"className":36,"code":21442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,21444,21445,21469,21473,21498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21446,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21448,13829],{"class":49},[43,21450,98],{"class":97},[43,21452,11110],{"class":53},[43,21454,265],{"class":264},[43,21456,8286],{"class":268},[43,21458,265],{"class":264},[43,21460,59],{"class":53},[43,21462,276],{"class":264},[43,21464,13505],{"class":268},[43,21466,265],{"class":264},[43,21468,9928],{"class":53},[43,21470,21471],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21472,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21474,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21476,142],{"class":141},[43,21478,145],{"class":53},[43,21480,17928],{"class":148},[43,21482,79],{"class":53},[43,21484,20372],{"class":148},[43,21486,145],{"class":53},[43,21488,265],{"class":264},[43,21490,11028],{"class":268},[43,21492,265],{"class":264},[43,21494,5977],{"class":53},[43,21496,21497],{"class":165},"  # None\n",[43,21499,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21501,142],{"class":141},[43,21503,145],{"class":53},[43,21505,17928],{"class":148},[43,21507,4272],{"class":53},[43,21509,21510],{"class":165},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21512,21513],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1499,21515,21517,21519],{"id":21516},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,21518,11360],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21521,21522],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[34,21524,21526],{"className":36,"code":21525,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,21527,21528,21554,21558,21584],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21529,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21541,21543,21545,21547,21550,21552],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21531,14450],{"class":49},[43,21533,98],{"class":97},[43,21535,11110],{"class":53},[43,21537,265],{"class":264},[43,21539,21540],{"class":268},"mode",[43,21542,265],{"class":264},[43,21544,59],{"class":53},[43,21546,276],{"class":264},[43,21548,21549],{"class":268},"light",[43,21551,265],{"class":264},[43,21553,9928],{"class":53},[43,21555,21556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21557,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21559,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21561,14509],{"class":49},[43,21563,79],{"class":53},[43,21565,20372],{"class":148},[43,21567,145],{"class":53},[43,21569,265],{"class":264},[43,21571,13118],{"class":268},[43,21573,265],{"class":264},[43,21575,108],{"class":53},[43,21577,276],{"class":264},[43,21579,13127],{"class":268},[43,21581,265],{"class":264},[43,21583,346],{"class":53},[43,21585,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21587,142],{"class":141},[43,21589,145],{"class":53},[43,21591,14509],{"class":148},[43,21593,4272],{"class":53},[43,21595,21596],{"class":165},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21598,21599,21600,21603],{},"Even though ",[18,21601,21602],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1499,21605,21607,21608],{"id":21606},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21609,4391],{},[14,21611,21612,21613,3004,21615,21617],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21614,11360],{},[18,21616,4391],{}," because:",[389,21619,21620,21623],{},[392,21621,21622],{},"The key is missing, or",[392,21624,21625,21626],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21627,4391],{},[14,21629,494],{},[34,21631,21633],{"className":36,"code":21632,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21634,21635,21672,21676,21700],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21636,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21664,21666,21668,21670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21638,9784],{"class":49},[43,21640,98],{"class":97},[43,21642,11110],{"class":53},[43,21644,265],{"class":264},[43,21646,8286],{"class":268},[43,21648,265],{"class":264},[43,21650,59],{"class":53},[43,21652,276],{"class":264},[43,21654,13505],{"class":268},[43,21656,265],{"class":264},[43,21658,108],{"class":53},[43,21660,276],{"class":264},[43,21662,21663],{"class":268},"nickname",[43,21665,265],{"class":264},[43,21667,59],{"class":53},[43,21669,4467],{"class":4466},[43,21671,9928],{"class":53},[43,21673,21674],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21675,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21677,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21679,142],{"class":141},[43,21681,145],{"class":53},[43,21683,9823],{"class":148},[43,21685,79],{"class":53},[43,21687,20372],{"class":148},[43,21689,145],{"class":53},[43,21691,265],{"class":264},[43,21693,21663],{"class":268},[43,21695,265],{"class":264},[43,21697,5977],{"class":53},[43,21699,21497],{"class":165},[43,21701,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21703,142],{"class":141},[43,21705,145],{"class":53},[43,21707,9823],{"class":148},[43,21709,79],{"class":53},[43,21711,20372],{"class":148},[43,21713,145],{"class":53},[43,21715,265],{"class":264},[43,21717,11028],{"class":268},[43,21719,265],{"class":264},[43,21721,5977],{"class":53},[43,21723,21724],{"class":165},"      # None\n",[14,21726,21727,21728,21730],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21729,4391],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21732,21733,21734,59],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21735,4498],{},[34,21737,21739],{"className":36,"code":21738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21740,21741,21777,21781,21802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21742,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21744,9784],{"class":49},[43,21746,98],{"class":97},[43,21748,11110],{"class":53},[43,21750,265],{"class":264},[43,21752,8286],{"class":268},[43,21754,265],{"class":264},[43,21756,59],{"class":53},[43,21758,276],{"class":264},[43,21760,13505],{"class":268},[43,21762,265],{"class":264},[43,21764,108],{"class":53},[43,21766,276],{"class":264},[43,21768,21663],{"class":268},[43,21770,265],{"class":264},[43,21772,59],{"class":53},[43,21774,4467],{"class":4466},[43,21776,9928],{"class":53},[43,21778,21779],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21780,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,21782,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21796,21798,21800],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21784,142],{"class":141},[43,21786,145],{"class":53},[43,21788,265],{"class":264},[43,21790,21663],{"class":268},[43,21792,265],{"class":264},[43,21794,21795],{"class":4491}," in",[43,21797,15191],{"class":148},[43,21799,4272],{"class":53},[43,21801,4275],{"class":165},[43,21803,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21805,142],{"class":141},[43,21807,145],{"class":53},[43,21809,265],{"class":264},[43,21811,11028],{"class":268},[43,21813,265],{"class":264},[43,21815,21795],{"class":4491},[43,21817,15191],{"class":148},[43,21819,4272],{"class":53},[43,21821,21822],{"class":165},"      # False\n",[14,21824,21825,21826,79],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[269,21827,21828],{"href":17774},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[81,21830,3438],{"id":3437},[14,21832,21833,21834,59],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21835,11360],{},[389,21837,21838,21843,21850,21855],{},[392,21839,21840,21841],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21842,20309],{},[392,21844,1849,21845,3004,21847,21849],{},[18,21846,11360],{},[18,21848,4391],{}," if no default is provided",[392,21851,5195,21852,21854],{},[18,21853,11360],{}," creates a key automatically",[392,21856,21857],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21859,21860],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[34,21862,21864],{"className":36,"code":21863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21865,21866,21876,21890,21908,21930],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21867,21868,21870,21872,21874],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21869,142],{"class":141},[43,21871,145],{"class":53},[43,21873,12071],{"class":148},[43,21875,346],{"class":53},[43,21877,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,21879,142],{"class":141},[43,21881,145],{"class":53},[43,21883,12071],{"class":148},[43,21885,79],{"class":53},[43,21887,17545],{"class":148},[43,21889,7811],{"class":53},[43,21891,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,21893,142],{"class":141},[43,21895,145],{"class":53},[43,21897,361],{"class":264},[43,21899,8286],{"class":268},[43,21901,361],{"class":264},[43,21903,21795],{"class":4491},[43,21905,12389],{"class":148},[43,21907,346],{"class":53},[43,21909,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,21911,142],{"class":141},[43,21913,145],{"class":53},[43,21915,12071],{"class":148},[43,21917,79],{"class":53},[43,21919,20372],{"class":148},[43,21921,145],{"class":53},[43,21923,361],{"class":264},[43,21925,8286],{"class":268},[43,21927,361],{"class":264},[43,21929,2377],{"class":53},[43,21931,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,21933,142],{"class":141},[43,21935,145],{"class":53},[43,21937,3832],{"class":3510},[43,21939,145],{"class":53},[43,21941,12071],{"class":148},[43,21943,79],{"class":53},[43,21945,20372],{"class":148},[43,21947,145],{"class":53},[43,21949,361],{"class":264},[43,21951,8286],{"class":268},[43,21953,361],{"class":264},[43,21955,3521],{"class":53},[14,21957,21958],{},"What these checks tell you:",[389,21960,21961,21966,21972,21978,21984],{},[392,21962,21963,21965],{},[18,21964,13303],{}," shows the full dictionary",[392,21967,21968,21971],{},[18,21969,21970],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[392,21973,21974,21977],{},[18,21975,21976],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[392,21979,21980,21983],{},[18,21981,21982],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[392,21985,21986,21989],{},[18,21987,21988],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21991,21992,21993,1233,21998,22002],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[269,21994,21995,21996,11361],{"href":17684},"the dictionary ",[18,21997,17687],{},[269,21999,21995,22000,11361],{"href":17696},[18,22001,17699],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[81,22004,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,22006,13328,22008,22010,22011,2490],{"id":22007},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,22009,11360],{}," raise ",[18,22012,20309],{},[14,22014,22015,22016,22018],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,22017,4391],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1499,22020,13328,22022,22024],{"id":22021},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,22023,11360],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,22026,22027],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1499,22029,22031,22032,2490],{"id":22030},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,22033,11360],{},[14,22035,22036,22038],{},[18,22037,4391],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1499,22040,22042,22043,22045],{"id":22041},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,22044,11360],{}," or square brackets?",[14,22047,230,22048,22050],{},[18,22049,11360],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[81,22052,2497],{"id":2496},[389,22054,22055,22059,22065,22071,22075,22080],{},[392,22056,22057],{},[269,22058,9774],{"href":9773},[392,22060,22061],{},[269,22062,11357,22063,11361],{"href":17684},[18,22064,17687],{},[392,22066,22067],{},[269,22068,11357,22069,11361],{"href":17696},[18,22070,17699],{},[392,22072,22073],{},[269,22074,17775],{"href":17774},[392,22076,22077],{},[269,22078,22079],{"href":17219},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[392,22081,22082],{},[269,22083,11883],{"href":11695},[2536,22085,22086],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":22088},[22089,22091,22092,22094,22099,22100,22108,22109,22119],{"id":20454,"depth":131,"text":22090},"What get() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":20789,"depth":131,"text":22093},"When to use get()",{"id":20961,"depth":131,"text":22095,"children":22096},"get() vs square brackets",[22097,22098],{"id":21010,"depth":138,"text":21011},{"id":20372,"depth":138,"text":11360},{"id":21208,"depth":131,"text":21209},{"id":21421,"depth":131,"text":21422,"children":22101},[22102,22104,22106],{"id":21430,"depth":138,"text":22103},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21516,"depth":138,"text":22105},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21606,"depth":138,"text":22107},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":22110},[22111,22113,22115,22117],{"id":22007,"depth":138,"text":22112},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22021,"depth":138,"text":22114},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22030,"depth":138,"text":22116},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22041,"depth":138,"text":22118},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20290,"description":22120},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22127,"title":22128,"body":22129,"description":24686,"extension":2572,"meta":24687,"navigation":134,"path":24688,"seo":24689,"stem":24690,"__hash__":24691},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22130,"toc":24652},[22131,22136,22142,22148,22150,22232,22236,22253,22258,22263,22268,22270,22284,22286,22349,22353,22393,22401,22403,22405,22420,22423,22436,22438,22517,22521,22587,22589,22593,22601,22603,22614,22616,22726,22730,22809,22815,22821,22826,22939,22943,22975,22978,23085,23091,23098,23102,23105,23208,23212,23273,23276,23279,23290,23299,23302,23319,23321,23420,23424,23499,23502,23525,23530,23535,23552,23554,23675,23679,23713,23715,23720,23727,23737,23739,23817,23820,23891,23901,23904,23936,23939,23978,23984,23991,23994,24085,24089,24170,24176,24179,24182,24287,24290,24293,24415,24419,24422,24489,24493,24530,24536,24538,24544,24549,24555,24562,24568,24571,24610,24616,24619,24621,24649],[10,22132,11939,22134,11943],{"id":22133},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,22135,17699],{},[14,22137,1242,22138,22141],{},[18,22139,22140],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,22143,22144,22145,22147],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,22146,17699],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[81,22149,84],{"id":83},[34,22151,22153],{"className":36,"code":22152,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,22154,22155,22191,22195,22218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22156,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22158,13829],{"class":49},[43,22160,98],{"class":97},[43,22162,11110],{"class":53},[43,22164,265],{"class":264},[43,22166,8286],{"class":268},[43,22168,265],{"class":264},[43,22170,59],{"class":53},[43,22172,276],{"class":264},[43,22174,13505],{"class":268},[43,22176,265],{"class":264},[43,22178,108],{"class":53},[43,22180,276],{"class":264},[43,22182,9918],{"class":268},[43,22184,265],{"class":264},[43,22186,59],{"class":53},[43,22188,9925],{"class":104},[43,22190,9928],{"class":53},[43,22192,22193],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22194,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22196,22197,22199,22202,22204,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22198,6574],{"class":4491},[43,22200,22201],{"class":49}," key",[43,22203,108],{"class":53},[43,22205,22206],{"class":49}," value ",[43,22208,4498],{"class":4491},[43,22210,13872],{"class":49},[43,22212,79],{"class":53},[43,22214,8427],{"class":148},[43,22216,22217],{"class":53},"():\n",[43,22219,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,22221,8687],{"class":141},[43,22223,145],{"class":53},[43,22225,15466],{"class":148},[43,22227,108],{"class":53},[43,22229,9051],{"class":148},[43,22231,346],{"class":53},[14,22233,22234],{},[76,22235,349],{},[34,22237,22239],{"className":36,"code":22238,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,22240,22241,22246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22242,22243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22244,22245],{"class":49},"name Ana\n",[43,22247,22248,22251],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22249,22250],{"class":49},"age ",[43,22252,3316],{"class":104},[14,22254,230,22255,22257],{},[18,22256,17699],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[81,22259,4289,22261,4292],{"id":22260},"what-items-does",[18,22262,17699],{},[14,22264,22265,22267],{},[18,22266,17699],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,22269,12080],{},[389,22271,22272,22278,22281],{},[392,22273,22274,22275],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,22276,22277],{},"(key, value)",[392,22279,22280],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[392,22282,22283],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,22285,494],{},[34,22287,22289],{"className":36,"code":22288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22290,22291,22327,22331],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22292,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22294,13829],{"class":49},[43,22296,98],{"class":97},[43,22298,11110],{"class":53},[43,22300,265],{"class":264},[43,22302,8286],{"class":268},[43,22304,265],{"class":264},[43,22306,59],{"class":53},[43,22308,276],{"class":264},[43,22310,13505],{"class":268},[43,22312,265],{"class":264},[43,22314,108],{"class":53},[43,22316,276],{"class":264},[43,22318,9918],{"class":268},[43,22320,265],{"class":264},[43,22322,59],{"class":53},[43,22324,9925],{"class":104},[43,22326,9928],{"class":53},[43,22328,22329],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22330,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22332,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22334,142],{"class":141},[43,22336,145],{"class":53},[43,22338,8712],{"class":3510},[43,22340,145],{"class":53},[43,22342,17928],{"class":148},[43,22344,79],{"class":53},[43,22346,8427],{"class":148},[43,22348,6905],{"class":53},[14,22350,22351],{},[76,22352,349],{},[34,22354,22356],{"className":36,"code":22355,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22357,22358],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22359,22360,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22361,22362],{"class":53},"[(",[43,22364,361],{"class":264},[43,22366,8286],{"class":268},[43,22368,361],{"class":264},[43,22370,108],{"class":53},[43,22372,370],{"class":264},[43,22374,13505],{"class":268},[43,22376,361],{"class":264},[43,22378,9852],{"class":53},[43,22380,9855],{"class":53},[43,22382,361],{"class":264},[43,22384,9918],{"class":268},[43,22386,361],{"class":264},[43,22388,108],{"class":53},[43,22390,9925],{"class":104},[43,22392,9868],{"class":53},[14,22394,22395,22396,3486,22398,79],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[269,22397,9774],{"href":13648},[269,22399,15648],{"href":22400},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[81,22402,2763],{"id":2762},[14,22404,6050],{},[34,22406,22408],{"className":36,"code":22407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,22409,22410],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22411,22412,22414,22416,22418],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22413,12071],{"class":49},[43,22415,79],{"class":53},[43,22417,8427],{"class":148},[43,22419,9262],{"class":53},[14,22421,22422],{},"Things to remember:",[389,22424,22425,22430,22433],{},[392,22426,22427,22429],{},[18,22428,17699],{}," does not take any arguments",[392,22431,22432],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[392,22434,22435],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22437,494],{},[34,22439,22441],{"className":36,"code":22440,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,22442,22443,22475,22479,22493,22497,22507],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22444,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22446,5679],{"class":49},[43,22448,98],{"class":97},[43,22450,11110],{"class":53},[43,22452,265],{"class":264},[43,22454,5619],{"class":268},[43,22456,265],{"class":264},[43,22458,59],{"class":53},[43,22460,20520],{"class":104},[43,22462,108],{"class":53},[43,22464,276],{"class":264},[43,22466,5628],{"class":268},[43,22468,265],{"class":264},[43,22470,59],{"class":53},[43,22472,14132],{"class":104},[43,22474,9928],{"class":53},[43,22476,22477],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22478,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22480,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22482,2836],{"class":49},[43,22484,98],{"class":97},[43,22486,5725],{"class":49},[43,22488,79],{"class":53},[43,22490,8427],{"class":148},[43,22492,9262],{"class":53},[43,22494,22495],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,22496,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22498,22499,22501,22503,22505],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,22500,142],{"class":141},[43,22502,145],{"class":53},[43,22504,2871],{"class":148},[43,22506,346],{"class":53},[43,22508,22509,22511,22513,22515],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,22510,142],{"class":141},[43,22512,145],{"class":53},[43,22514,17011],{"class":148},[43,22516,346],{"class":53},[14,22518,22519],{},[76,22520,349],{},[34,22522,22524],{"className":36,"code":22523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,22525,22526,22559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22527,22528,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22529,22530],{"class":148},"dict_items",[43,22532,10277],{"class":53},[43,22534,361],{"class":264},[43,22536,5619],{"class":268},[43,22538,361],{"class":264},[43,22540,108],{"class":53},[43,22542,20520],{"class":104},[43,22544,9852],{"class":53},[43,22546,9855],{"class":53},[43,22548,361],{"class":264},[43,22550,5628],{"class":268},[43,22552,361],{"class":264},[43,22554,108],{"class":53},[43,22556,14132],{"class":104},[43,22558,11299],{"class":53},[43,22560,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22562,9897],{"class":53},[43,22564,361],{"class":264},[43,22566,5619],{"class":268},[43,22568,361],{"class":264},[43,22570,59],{"class":53},[43,22572,20520],{"class":104},[43,22574,108],{"class":53},[43,22576,370],{"class":264},[43,22578,5628],{"class":268},[43,22580,361],{"class":264},[43,22582,59],{"class":53},[43,22584,14132],{"class":104},[43,22586,9928],{"class":53},[14,22588,21513],{},[81,22590,22592],{"id":22591},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22594,22595,22597,22598,22600],{},[18,22596,17699],{}," returns a ",[18,22599,22530],{}," view object.",[14,22602,2713],{},[389,22604,22605,22608,22611],{},[392,22606,22607],{},"You can loop over it",[392,22609,22610],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[392,22612,22613],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22615,494],{},[34,22617,22619],{"className":36,"code":22618,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22620,22621,22653,22667,22671,22685,22689,22708,22712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22622,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22624,9784],{"class":49},[43,22626,98],{"class":97},[43,22628,11110],{"class":53},[43,22630,265],{"class":264},[43,22632,2780],{"class":268},[43,22634,265],{"class":264},[43,22636,59],{"class":53},[43,22638,6113],{"class":104},[43,22640,108],{"class":53},[43,22642,276],{"class":264},[43,22644,12368],{"class":268},[43,22646,265],{"class":264},[43,22648,59],{"class":53},[43,22650,1525],{"class":104},[43,22652,9928],{"class":53},[43,22654,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22656,9834],{"class":49},[43,22658,98],{"class":97},[43,22660,15191],{"class":49},[43,22662,79],{"class":53},[43,22664,8427],{"class":148},[43,22666,9262],{"class":53},[43,22668,22669],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22670,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22672,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,22674,142],{"class":141},[43,22676,145],{"class":53},[43,22678,8712],{"class":3510},[43,22680,145],{"class":53},[43,22682,9881],{"class":148},[43,22684,2377],{"class":53},[43,22686,22687],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,22688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22690,22691,22693,22695,22697,22700,22702,22704,22706],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,22692,9823],{"class":49},[43,22694,54],{"class":53},[43,22696,265],{"class":264},[43,22698,22699],{"class":268},"z",[43,22701,265],{"class":264},[43,22703,13898],{"class":53},[43,22705,13901],{"class":97},[43,22707,3184],{"class":104},[43,22709,22710],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,22711,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,22715,142],{"class":141},[43,22717,145],{"class":53},[43,22719,8712],{"class":3510},[43,22721,145],{"class":53},[43,22723,9881],{"class":148},[43,22725,2377],{"class":53},[14,22727,22728],{},[76,22729,349],{},[34,22731,22733],{"className":36,"code":22732,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22734,22735,22765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22736,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22738,22362],{"class":53},[43,22740,361],{"class":264},[43,22742,2780],{"class":268},[43,22744,361],{"class":264},[43,22746,108],{"class":53},[43,22748,6113],{"class":104},[43,22750,9852],{"class":53},[43,22752,9855],{"class":53},[43,22754,361],{"class":264},[43,22756,12368],{"class":268},[43,22758,361],{"class":264},[43,22760,108],{"class":53},[43,22762,1525],{"class":104},[43,22764,9868],{"class":53},[43,22766,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22768,22362],{"class":53},[43,22770,361],{"class":264},[43,22772,2780],{"class":268},[43,22774,361],{"class":264},[43,22776,108],{"class":53},[43,22778,6113],{"class":104},[43,22780,9852],{"class":53},[43,22782,9855],{"class":53},[43,22784,361],{"class":264},[43,22786,12368],{"class":268},[43,22788,361],{"class":264},[43,22790,108],{"class":53},[43,22792,1525],{"class":104},[43,22794,9852],{"class":53},[43,22796,9855],{"class":53},[43,22798,361],{"class":264},[43,22800,22699],{"class":268},[43,22802,361],{"class":264},[43,22804,108],{"class":53},[43,22806,1530],{"class":104},[43,22808,9868],{"class":53},[14,22810,22811,22812,22814],{},"This happens because ",[18,22813,9881],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[81,22816,22818,22819],{"id":22817},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22820,17699],{},[14,22822,22823,22824,59],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22825,17699],{},[34,22827,22829],{"className":36,"code":22828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22830,22831,22884,22888,22908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22832,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22834,13488],{"class":49},[43,22836,98],{"class":97},[43,22838,11110],{"class":53},[43,22840,265],{"class":264},[43,22842,8286],{"class":268},[43,22844,265],{"class":264},[43,22846,59],{"class":53},[43,22848,276],{"class":264},[43,22850,8539],{"class":268},[43,22852,265],{"class":264},[43,22854,108],{"class":53},[43,22856,276],{"class":264},[43,22858,20513],{"class":268},[43,22860,265],{"class":264},[43,22862,59],{"class":53},[43,22864,276],{"class":264},[43,22866,22867],{"class":268},"A",[43,22869,265],{"class":264},[43,22871,108],{"class":53},[43,22873,276],{"class":264},[43,22875,9918],{"class":268},[43,22877,265],{"class":264},[43,22879,59],{"class":53},[43,22881,14482],{"class":104},[43,22883,9928],{"class":53},[43,22885,22886],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22887,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,22889,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22891,6574],{"class":4491},[43,22893,22201],{"class":49},[43,22895,108],{"class":53},[43,22897,22206],{"class":49},[43,22899,4498],{"class":4491},[43,22901,13531],{"class":49},[43,22903,79],{"class":53},[43,22905,8427],{"class":148},[43,22907,22217],{"class":53},[43,22909,22910,22912,22914,22917,22919,22921,22923,22926,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,22911,8687],{"class":141},[43,22913,145],{"class":53},[43,22915,22916],{"class":2671},"f",[43,22918,265],{"class":268},[43,22920,9897],{"class":104},[43,22922,15466],{"class":148},[43,22924,22925],{"class":104},"}",[43,22927,22928],{"class":268},": ",[43,22930,9897],{"class":104},[43,22932,3080],{"class":148},[43,22934,22925],{"class":104},[43,22936,265],{"class":268},[43,22938,346],{"class":53},[14,22940,22941],{},[76,22942,349],{},[34,22944,22946],{"className":36,"code":22945,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22947,22948,22957,22966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22949,22950,22952,22954],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22951,8286],{"class":49},[43,22953,59],{"class":53},[43,22955,22956],{"class":49}," Mia\n",[43,22958,22959,22961,22963],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,22960,20513],{"class":49},[43,22962,59],{"class":53},[43,22964,22965],{"class":49}," A\n",[43,22967,22968,22970,22972],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,22969,9918],{"class":49},[43,22971,59],{"class":53},[43,22973,22974],{"class":104}," 14\n",[14,22976,22977],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[34,22979,22981],{"className":36,"code":22980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22982,22983,23035,23039,23051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22984,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22986,13488],{"class":49},[43,22988,98],{"class":97},[43,22990,11110],{"class":53},[43,22992,265],{"class":264},[43,22994,8286],{"class":268},[43,22996,265],{"class":264},[43,22998,59],{"class":53},[43,23000,276],{"class":264},[43,23002,8539],{"class":268},[43,23004,265],{"class":264},[43,23006,108],{"class":53},[43,23008,276],{"class":264},[43,23010,20513],{"class":268},[43,23012,265],{"class":264},[43,23014,59],{"class":53},[43,23016,276],{"class":264},[43,23018,22867],{"class":268},[43,23020,265],{"class":264},[43,23022,108],{"class":53},[43,23024,276],{"class":264},[43,23026,9918],{"class":268},[43,23028,265],{"class":264},[43,23030,59],{"class":53},[43,23032,14482],{"class":104},[43,23034,9928],{"class":53},[43,23036,23037],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23038,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23040,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23042,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23044,18831],{"class":49},[43,23046,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23048,13531],{"class":49},[43,23050,7009],{"class":53},[43,23052,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23054,8687],{"class":141},[43,23056,145],{"class":53},[43,23058,22916],{"class":2671},[43,23060,265],{"class":268},[43,23062,9897],{"class":104},[43,23064,15466],{"class":148},[43,23066,22925],{"class":104},[43,23068,22928],{"class":268},[43,23070,9897],{"class":104},[43,23072,14251],{"class":148},[43,23074,54],{"class":53},[43,23076,15466],{"class":148},[43,23078,13898],{"class":53},[43,23080,22925],{"class":104},[43,23082,265],{"class":268},[43,23084,346],{"class":53},[14,23086,7126,23087,23090],{},[18,23088,23089],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,23092,23093,23094,79],{},"For a full guide, see ",[269,23095,23097],{"href":23096},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[81,23099,23101],{"id":23100},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,23103,23104],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[34,23106,23108],{"className":36,"code":23107,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,23109,23110,23169,23173,23193,23197],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23111,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23147,23149,23151,23153,23156,23158,23160,23162,23165,23167],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23113,13700],{"class":49},[43,23115,98],{"class":97},[43,23117,11110],{"class":53},[43,23119,265],{"class":264},[43,23121,4694],{"class":268},[43,23123,265],{"class":264},[43,23125,59],{"class":53},[43,23127,276],{"class":264},[43,23129,13717],{"class":268},[43,23131,265],{"class":264},[43,23133,108],{"class":53},[43,23135,276],{"class":264},[43,23137,4703],{"class":268},[43,23139,265],{"class":264},[43,23141,59],{"class":53},[43,23143,276],{"class":264},[43,23145,23146],{"class":268},"yellow",[43,23148,265],{"class":264},[43,23150,108],{"class":53},[43,23152,276],{"class":264},[43,23154,23155],{"class":268},"grape",[43,23157,265],{"class":264},[43,23159,59],{"class":53},[43,23161,276],{"class":264},[43,23163,23164],{"class":268},"purple",[43,23166,265],{"class":264},[43,23168,9928],{"class":53},[43,23170,23171],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23172,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23174,23175,23178,23180,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23176,23177],{"class":49},"pairs_list ",[43,23179,98],{"class":97},[43,23181,23182],{"class":3510}," list",[43,23184,145],{"class":53},[43,23186,18124],{"class":148},[43,23188,79],{"class":53},[43,23190,8427],{"class":148},[43,23192,7811],{"class":53},[43,23194,23195],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23196,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23198,23199,23201,23203,23206],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,23200,142],{"class":141},[43,23202,145],{"class":53},[43,23204,23205],{"class":148},"pairs_list",[43,23207,346],{"class":53},[14,23209,23210],{},[76,23211,349],{},[34,23213,23215],{"className":36,"code":23214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,23216,23217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23218,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23220,22362],{"class":53},[43,23222,361],{"class":264},[43,23224,4694],{"class":268},[43,23226,361],{"class":264},[43,23228,108],{"class":53},[43,23230,370],{"class":264},[43,23232,13717],{"class":268},[43,23234,361],{"class":264},[43,23236,9852],{"class":53},[43,23238,9855],{"class":53},[43,23240,361],{"class":264},[43,23242,4703],{"class":268},[43,23244,361],{"class":264},[43,23246,108],{"class":53},[43,23248,370],{"class":264},[43,23250,23146],{"class":268},[43,23252,361],{"class":264},[43,23254,9852],{"class":53},[43,23256,9855],{"class":53},[43,23258,361],{"class":264},[43,23260,23155],{"class":268},[43,23262,361],{"class":264},[43,23264,108],{"class":53},[43,23266,370],{"class":264},[43,23268,23164],{"class":268},[43,23270,361],{"class":264},[43,23272,9868],{"class":53},[14,23274,23275],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,23277,23278],{},"Use this when:",[389,23280,23281,23284,23287],{},[392,23282,23283],{},"You want clearer printed output",[392,23285,23286],{},"You need list behavior",[392,23288,23289],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[81,23291,23293,11205,23295,11205,23297],{"id":23292},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,23294,17699],{},[18,23296,17687],{},[18,23298,17693],{},[14,23300,23301],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[389,23303,23304,23309,23314],{},[392,23305,23306,23308],{},[18,23307,17699],{}," gives both key and value",[392,23310,23311,23313],{},[18,23312,17687],{}," gives only keys",[392,23315,23316,23318],{},[18,23317,17693],{}," gives only values",[14,23320,494],{},[34,23322,23324],{"className":36,"code":23323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,23325,23326,23362,23366,23384,23402],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23327,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23329,13829],{"class":49},[43,23331,98],{"class":97},[43,23333,11110],{"class":53},[43,23335,265],{"class":264},[43,23337,8286],{"class":268},[43,23339,265],{"class":264},[43,23341,59],{"class":53},[43,23343,276],{"class":264},[43,23345,13505],{"class":268},[43,23347,265],{"class":264},[43,23349,108],{"class":53},[43,23351,276],{"class":264},[43,23353,9918],{"class":268},[43,23355,265],{"class":264},[43,23357,59],{"class":53},[43,23359,9925],{"class":104},[43,23361,9928],{"class":53},[43,23363,23364],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23367,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23369,142],{"class":141},[43,23371,145],{"class":53},[43,23373,8712],{"class":3510},[43,23375,145],{"class":53},[43,23377,17928],{"class":148},[43,23379,79],{"class":53},[43,23381,17545],{"class":148},[43,23383,6905],{"class":53},[43,23385,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23387,142],{"class":141},[43,23389,145],{"class":53},[43,23391,8712],{"class":3510},[43,23393,145],{"class":53},[43,23395,17928],{"class":148},[43,23397,79],{"class":53},[43,23399,5974],{"class":148},[43,23401,6905],{"class":53},[43,23403,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,23405,142],{"class":141},[43,23407,145],{"class":53},[43,23409,8712],{"class":3510},[43,23411,145],{"class":53},[43,23413,17928],{"class":148},[43,23415,79],{"class":53},[43,23417,8427],{"class":148},[43,23419,6905],{"class":53},[14,23421,23422],{},[76,23423,349],{},[34,23425,23427],{"className":36,"code":23426,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,23428,23429,23449,23465],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23430,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23432,54],{"class":53},[43,23434,361],{"class":264},[43,23436,8286],{"class":268},[43,23438,361],{"class":264},[43,23440,108],{"class":53},[43,23442,370],{"class":264},[43,23444,9918],{"class":268},[43,23446,361],{"class":264},[43,23448,68],{"class":53},[43,23450,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23452,54],{"class":53},[43,23454,361],{"class":264},[43,23456,13505],{"class":268},[43,23458,361],{"class":264},[43,23460,108],{"class":53},[43,23462,9925],{"class":104},[43,23464,68],{"class":53},[43,23466,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23468,22362],{"class":53},[43,23470,361],{"class":264},[43,23472,8286],{"class":268},[43,23474,361],{"class":264},[43,23476,108],{"class":53},[43,23478,370],{"class":264},[43,23480,13505],{"class":268},[43,23482,361],{"class":264},[43,23484,9852],{"class":53},[43,23486,9855],{"class":53},[43,23488,361],{"class":264},[43,23490,9918],{"class":268},[43,23492,361],{"class":264},[43,23494,108],{"class":53},[43,23496,9925],{"class":104},[43,23498,9868],{"class":53},[14,23500,23501],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[389,23503,23504,23512,23520],{},[392,23505,23506,23507],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[269,23508,23510],{"href":23509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23511,17687],{},[392,23513,23514,23515],{},"Need just values? Use ",[269,23516,23518],{"href":23517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,23519,17693],{},[392,23521,23522,23523],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,23524,17699],{},[81,23526,5576,23528],{"id":23527},"when-to-use-items",[18,23529,17699],{},[14,23531,23532,23534],{},[18,23533,17699],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[389,23536,23537,23540,23543,23546,23549],{},[392,23538,23539],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[392,23541,23542],{},"Building formatted output",[392,23544,23545],{},"Looping through settings and values",[392,23547,23548],{},"Showing names with scores",[392,23550,23551],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23553,494],{},[34,23555,23557],{"className":36,"code":23556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,23558,23559,23567,23585,23604,23616,23620,23624,23645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23560,23561,23563,23565],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23562,14450],{"class":49},[43,23564,98],{"class":97},[43,23566,12115],{"class":53},[43,23568,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23570,12120],{"class":264},[43,23572,13118],{"class":268},[43,23574,265],{"class":264},[43,23576,59],{"class":53},[43,23578,276],{"class":264},[43,23580,13127],{"class":268},[43,23582,265],{"class":264},[43,23584,12136],{"class":53},[43,23586,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23600,23602],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23588,12120],{"class":264},[43,23590,20745],{"class":268},[43,23592,265],{"class":264},[43,23594,59],{"class":53},[43,23596,276],{"class":264},[43,23598,23599],{"class":268},"English",[43,23601,265],{"class":264},[43,23603,12136],{"class":53},[43,23605,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23607,12120],{"class":264},[43,23609,19147],{"class":268},[43,23611,265],{"class":264},[43,23613,59],{"class":53},[43,23615,7038],{"class":4466},[43,23617,23618],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,23619,9928],{"class":53},[43,23621,23622],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,23623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23625,23626,23628,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,23627,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23629,23630],{"class":49}," setting",[43,23632,108],{"class":53},[43,23634,22206],{"class":49},[43,23636,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23638,14494],{"class":49},[43,23640,79],{"class":53},[43,23642,8427],{"class":148},[43,23644,22217],{"class":53},[43,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23660,23662,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,23648,8687],{"class":141},[43,23650,145],{"class":53},[43,23652,22916],{"class":2671},[43,23654,265],{"class":268},[43,23656,9897],{"class":104},[43,23658,23659],{"class":148},"setting",[43,23661,22925],{"class":104},[43,23663,23664],{"class":268}," = ",[43,23666,9897],{"class":104},[43,23668,3080],{"class":148},[43,23670,22925],{"class":104},[43,23672,265],{"class":268},[43,23674,346],{"class":53},[14,23676,23677],{},[76,23678,349],{},[34,23680,23682],{"className":36,"code":23681,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23683,23684,23694,23704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23685,23686,23689,23691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23687,23688],{"class":49},"theme ",[43,23690,98],{"class":97},[43,23692,23693],{"class":49}," dark\n",[43,23695,23696,23699,23701],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23697,23698],{"class":49},"language ",[43,23700,98],{"class":97},[43,23702,23703],{"class":49}," English\n",[43,23705,23706,23709,23711],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23707,23708],{"class":49},"notifications ",[43,23710,98],{"class":97},[43,23712,7038],{"class":4466},[81,23714,3438],{"id":3437},[14,23716,23717,23718,79],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23719,17699],{},[1499,23721,23723,23724,23726],{"id":23722},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23725,17699],{}," incorrectly",[14,23728,23729,23730,23732,23733,23736],{},"Each result from ",[18,23731,17699],{}," has ",[76,23734,23735],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23738,7304],{},[34,23740,23741],{"className":36,"code":22152,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,23742,23743,23779,23783,23803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23744,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23746,13829],{"class":49},[43,23748,98],{"class":97},[43,23750,11110],{"class":53},[43,23752,265],{"class":264},[43,23754,8286],{"class":268},[43,23756,265],{"class":264},[43,23758,59],{"class":53},[43,23760,276],{"class":264},[43,23762,13505],{"class":268},[43,23764,265],{"class":264},[43,23766,108],{"class":53},[43,23768,276],{"class":264},[43,23770,9918],{"class":268},[43,23772,265],{"class":264},[43,23774,59],{"class":53},[43,23776,9925],{"class":104},[43,23778,9928],{"class":53},[43,23780,23781],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23782,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23784,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23786,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23788,22201],{"class":49},[43,23790,108],{"class":53},[43,23792,22206],{"class":49},[43,23794,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23796,13872],{"class":49},[43,23798,79],{"class":53},[43,23800,8427],{"class":148},[43,23802,22217],{"class":53},[43,23804,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23806,8687],{"class":141},[43,23808,145],{"class":53},[43,23810,15466],{"class":148},[43,23812,108],{"class":53},[43,23814,9051],{"class":148},[43,23816,346],{"class":53},[14,23818,23819],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[34,23821,23823],{"className":36,"code":23822,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23824,23825,23861,23865,23881],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23826,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23828,13829],{"class":49},[43,23830,98],{"class":97},[43,23832,11110],{"class":53},[43,23834,265],{"class":264},[43,23836,8286],{"class":268},[43,23838,265],{"class":264},[43,23840,59],{"class":53},[43,23842,276],{"class":264},[43,23844,13505],{"class":268},[43,23846,265],{"class":264},[43,23848,108],{"class":53},[43,23850,276],{"class":264},[43,23852,9918],{"class":268},[43,23854,265],{"class":264},[43,23856,59],{"class":53},[43,23858,9925],{"class":104},[43,23860,9928],{"class":53},[43,23862,23863],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23864,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,23866,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,23868,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23870,18831],{"class":49},[43,23872,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23874,13872],{"class":49},[43,23876,79],{"class":53},[43,23878,8427],{"class":148},[43,23880,22217],{"class":53},[43,23882,23883,23885,23887,23889],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,23884,8687],{"class":141},[43,23886,145],{"class":53},[43,23888,15466],{"class":148},[43,23890,346],{"class":53},[14,23892,23893,23894,23896,23897,23900],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23895,15466],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23898,23899],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23902,23903],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[34,23905,23907],{"className":36,"code":23906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23908,23909,23925],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23910,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23912,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23914,6577],{"class":49},[43,23916,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23918,13872],{"class":49},[43,23920,79],{"class":53},[43,23922,8427],{"class":148},[43,23924,22217],{"class":53},[43,23926,23927,23929,23931,23934],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23928,8687],{"class":141},[43,23930,145],{"class":53},[43,23932,23933],{"class":148},"item",[43,23935,346],{"class":53},[14,23937,23938],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[34,23940,23942],{"className":36,"code":23941,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23943,23944,23964],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23947,6574],{"class":4491},[43,23949,22201],{"class":49},[43,23951,108],{"class":53},[43,23953,22206],{"class":49},[43,23955,4498],{"class":4491},[43,23957,13872],{"class":49},[43,23959,79],{"class":53},[43,23961,8427],{"class":148},[43,23963,22217],{"class":53},[43,23965,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,23967,8687],{"class":141},[43,23969,145],{"class":53},[43,23971,15466],{"class":148},[43,23973,108],{"class":53},[43,23975,9051],{"class":148},[43,23977,346],{"class":53},[1499,23979,9071,23981,23983],{"id":23980},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23982,17699],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23985,23986,22597,23988,23990],{},[18,23987,17699],{},[18,23989,22530],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23992,23993],{},"Check it:",[34,23995,23997],{"className":36,"code":23996,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23998,23999,24031,24035,24049,24067],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24000,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24002,12347],{"class":49},[43,24004,98],{"class":97},[43,24006,11110],{"class":53},[43,24008,265],{"class":264},[43,24010,269],{"class":268},[43,24012,265],{"class":264},[43,24014,59],{"class":53},[43,24016,6113],{"class":104},[43,24018,108],{"class":53},[43,24020,276],{"class":264},[43,24022,279],{"class":268},[43,24024,265],{"class":264},[43,24026,59],{"class":53},[43,24028,1525],{"class":104},[43,24030,9928],{"class":53},[43,24032,24033],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24034,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24038,142],{"class":141},[43,24040,145],{"class":53},[43,24042,12071],{"class":148},[43,24044,79],{"class":53},[43,24046,8427],{"class":148},[43,24048,7811],{"class":53},[43,24050,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24052,142],{"class":141},[43,24054,145],{"class":53},[43,24056,3832],{"class":3510},[43,24058,145],{"class":53},[43,24060,12071],{"class":148},[43,24062,79],{"class":53},[43,24064,8427],{"class":148},[43,24066,6905],{"class":53},[43,24068,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,24070,142],{"class":141},[43,24072,145],{"class":53},[43,24074,8712],{"class":3510},[43,24076,145],{"class":53},[43,24078,12071],{"class":148},[43,24080,79],{"class":53},[43,24082,8427],{"class":148},[43,24084,6905],{"class":53},[14,24086,24087],{},[76,24088,349],{},[34,24090,24092],{"className":36,"code":24091,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,24093,24094,24126,24140],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24095,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24097,22530],{"class":148},[43,24099,10277],{"class":53},[43,24101,361],{"class":264},[43,24103,269],{"class":268},[43,24105,361],{"class":264},[43,24107,108],{"class":53},[43,24109,6113],{"class":104},[43,24111,9852],{"class":53},[43,24113,9855],{"class":53},[43,24115,361],{"class":264},[43,24117,279],{"class":268},[43,24119,361],{"class":264},[43,24121,108],{"class":53},[43,24123,1525],{"class":104},[43,24125,11299],{"class":53},[43,24127,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24129,3901],{"class":97},[43,24131,3904],{"class":2671},[43,24133,370],{"class":264},[43,24135,22530],{"class":268},[43,24137,361],{"class":264},[43,24139,3913],{"class":97},[43,24141,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24143,22362],{"class":53},[43,24145,361],{"class":264},[43,24147,269],{"class":268},[43,24149,361],{"class":264},[43,24151,108],{"class":53},[43,24153,6113],{"class":104},[43,24155,9852],{"class":53},[43,24157,9855],{"class":53},[43,24159,361],{"class":264},[43,24161,279],{"class":268},[43,24163,361],{"class":264},[43,24165,108],{"class":53},[43,24167,1525],{"class":104},[43,24169,9868],{"class":53},[1499,24171,24173,24174],{"id":24172},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,24175,17699],{},[14,24177,24178],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,24180,24181],{},"Problem example:",[34,24183,24185],{"className":36,"code":24184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,24186,24187,24231,24235,24255,24267],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24188,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24190,94],{"class":49},[43,24192,98],{"class":97},[43,24194,11110],{"class":53},[43,24196,265],{"class":264},[43,24198,269],{"class":268},[43,24200,265],{"class":264},[43,24202,59],{"class":53},[43,24204,6113],{"class":104},[43,24206,108],{"class":53},[43,24208,276],{"class":264},[43,24210,279],{"class":268},[43,24212,265],{"class":264},[43,24214,59],{"class":53},[43,24216,1525],{"class":104},[43,24218,108],{"class":53},[43,24220,276],{"class":264},[43,24222,288],{"class":268},[43,24224,265],{"class":264},[43,24226,59],{"class":53},[43,24228,1530],{"class":104},[43,24230,9928],{"class":53},[43,24232,24233],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24234,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24236,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24238,6574],{"class":4491},[43,24240,22201],{"class":49},[43,24242,108],{"class":53},[43,24244,22206],{"class":49},[43,24246,4498],{"class":4491},[43,24248,2071],{"class":49},[43,24250,79],{"class":53},[43,24252,8427],{"class":148},[43,24254,22217],{"class":53},[43,24256,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24258,7014],{"class":4491},[43,24260,22206],{"class":49},[43,24262,5304],{"class":97},[43,24264,1525],{"class":104},[43,24266,7009],{"class":53},[43,24268,24269,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,24270,24271],{"class":49},"        numbers",[43,24273,54],{"class":53},[43,24275,265],{"class":264},[43,24277,297],{"class":268},[43,24279,265],{"class":264},[43,24281,13898],{"class":53},[43,24283,13901],{"class":97},[43,24285,24286],{"class":104}," 4\n",[14,24288,24289],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,24291,24292],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[34,24294,24296],{"className":36,"code":24295,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,24297,24298,24342,24346,24371,24383,24401,24405],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24299,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24301,94],{"class":49},[43,24303,98],{"class":97},[43,24305,11110],{"class":53},[43,24307,265],{"class":264},[43,24309,269],{"class":268},[43,24311,265],{"class":264},[43,24313,59],{"class":53},[43,24315,6113],{"class":104},[43,24317,108],{"class":53},[43,24319,276],{"class":264},[43,24321,279],{"class":268},[43,24323,265],{"class":264},[43,24325,59],{"class":53},[43,24327,1525],{"class":104},[43,24329,108],{"class":53},[43,24331,276],{"class":264},[43,24333,288],{"class":268},[43,24335,265],{"class":264},[43,24337,59],{"class":53},[43,24339,1530],{"class":104},[43,24341,9928],{"class":53},[43,24343,24344],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24345,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24347,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24349,6574],{"class":4491},[43,24351,22201],{"class":49},[43,24353,108],{"class":53},[43,24355,22206],{"class":49},[43,24357,4498],{"class":4491},[43,24359,23182],{"class":3510},[43,24361,145],{"class":53},[43,24363,149],{"class":148},[43,24365,79],{"class":53},[43,24367,8427],{"class":148},[43,24369,24370],{"class":53},"()):\n",[43,24372,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24374,7014],{"class":4491},[43,24376,22206],{"class":49},[43,24378,5304],{"class":97},[43,24380,1525],{"class":104},[43,24382,7009],{"class":53},[43,24384,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,24386,24271],{"class":49},[43,24388,54],{"class":53},[43,24390,265],{"class":264},[43,24392,297],{"class":268},[43,24394,265],{"class":264},[43,24396,13898],{"class":53},[43,24398,13901],{"class":97},[43,24400,24286],{"class":104},[43,24402,24403],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,24404,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24406,24407,24409,24411,24413],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,24408,142],{"class":141},[43,24410,145],{"class":53},[43,24412,149],{"class":148},[43,24414,346],{"class":53},[1499,24416,24418],{"id":24417},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24420,24421],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[34,24423,24425],{"className":36,"code":24424,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,24426,24427,24459,24463,24479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24428,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24430,9784],{"class":49},[43,24432,98],{"class":97},[43,24434,11110],{"class":53},[43,24436,265],{"class":264},[43,24438,2780],{"class":268},[43,24440,265],{"class":264},[43,24442,59],{"class":53},[43,24444,977],{"class":104},[43,24446,108],{"class":53},[43,24448,276],{"class":264},[43,24450,12368],{"class":268},[43,24452,265],{"class":264},[43,24454,59],{"class":53},[43,24456,111],{"class":104},[43,24458,9928],{"class":53},[43,24460,24461],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24462,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24464,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24466,6574],{"class":4491},[43,24468,6577],{"class":49},[43,24470,4498],{"class":4491},[43,24472,15191],{"class":49},[43,24474,79],{"class":53},[43,24476,8427],{"class":148},[43,24478,22217],{"class":53},[43,24480,24481,24483,24485,24487],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24482,8687],{"class":141},[43,24484,145],{"class":53},[43,24486,23933],{"class":148},[43,24488,346],{"class":53},[14,24490,24491],{},[76,24492,349],{},[34,24494,24496],{"className":36,"code":24495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,24497,24498,24514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24499,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24501,145],{"class":53},[43,24503,361],{"class":264},[43,24505,2780],{"class":268},[43,24507,361],{"class":264},[43,24509,108],{"class":53},[43,24511,977],{"class":104},[43,24513,346],{"class":53},[43,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24517,145],{"class":53},[43,24519,361],{"class":264},[43,24521,12368],{"class":268},[43,24523,361],{"class":264},[43,24525,108],{"class":53},[43,24527,111],{"class":104},[43,24529,346],{"class":53},[14,24531,24532,24533,24535],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,24534,22277],{}," pair.",[81,24537,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,24539,24541,24542,5759],{"id":24540},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,24543,17699],{},[14,24545,18043,24546,24548],{},[18,24547,22530],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1499,24550,13328,24552,24554],{"id":24551},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,24553,17699],{}," return a list?",[14,24556,24557,24558,24561],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,24559,24560],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1499,24563,24565,24566,2490],{"id":24564},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,24567,17699],{},[14,24569,24570],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[34,24572,24574],{"className":36,"code":24573,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24575,24576,24596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24577,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24579,6574],{"class":4491},[43,24581,22201],{"class":49},[43,24583,108],{"class":53},[43,24585,22206],{"class":49},[43,24587,4498],{"class":4491},[43,24589,12389],{"class":49},[43,24591,79],{"class":53},[43,24593,8427],{"class":148},[43,24595,22217],{"class":53},[43,24597,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24599,8687],{"class":141},[43,24601,145],{"class":53},[43,24603,15466],{"class":148},[43,24605,108],{"class":53},[43,24607,9051],{"class":148},[43,24609,346],{"class":53},[1499,24611,13328,24613,24615],{"id":24612},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24614,17699],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24617,24618],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[81,24620,2497],{"id":2496},[389,24622,24623,24629,24635,24640,24644],{},[392,24624,24625],{},[269,24626,11357,24627,11361],{"href":23509},[18,24628,17687],{},[392,24630,24631],{},[269,24632,11357,24633,11361],{"href":23517},[18,24634,17693],{},[392,24636,24637],{},[269,24638,24639],{"href":23096},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[392,24641,24642],{},[269,24643,9774],{"href":13648},[392,24645,24646],{},[269,24647,24648],{"href":22400},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2536,24650,24651],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":24653},[24654,24655,24657,24658,24659,24661,24662,24664,24666,24675,24685],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":22260,"depth":131,"text":24656},"What items() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":22591,"depth":131,"text":22592},{"id":22817,"depth":131,"text":24660},"Looping with items()",{"id":23100,"depth":131,"text":23101},{"id":23292,"depth":131,"text":24663},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23527,"depth":131,"text":24665},"When to use items()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":24667},[24668,24670,24672,24674],{"id":23722,"depth":138,"text":24669},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23980,"depth":138,"text":24671},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24172,"depth":138,"text":24673},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24417,"depth":138,"text":24418},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":24676},[24677,24679,24681,24683],{"id":24540,"depth":138,"text":24678},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24551,"depth":138,"text":24680},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24564,"depth":138,"text":24682},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24612,"depth":138,"text":24684},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22128,"description":24686},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24693,"title":24694,"body":24695,"description":26786,"extension":2572,"meta":26787,"navigation":134,"path":23509,"seo":26788,"stem":26789,"__hash__":26790},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24696,"toc":26752},[24697,24702,24708,24711,24722,24729,24731,24814,24818,24865,24870,24875,24880,24882,24898,24900,24999,25003,25060,25063,25065,25068,25161,25165,25228,25231,25247,25252,25254,25256,25271,25273,25284,25286,25329,25332,25376,25379,25381,25388,25391,25408,25410,25503,25507,25548,25560,25564,25567,25655,25659,25679,25682,25709,25716,25721,25725,25736,25738,25842,25846,25872,25875,25942,25947,25950,25973,25978,25982,25987,25993,25998,26000,26055,26059,26086,26093,26099,26102,26127,26133,26159,26162,26237,26244,26249,26251,26290,26308,26312,26315,26358,26361,26363,26382,26384,26389,26414,26417,26487,26490,26563,26567,26569,26630,26633,26649,26651,26656,26661,26668,26677,26683,26689,26696,26702,26706,26711,26713,26749],[10,24698,11939,24700,11943],{"id":24699},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24701,17687],{},[14,24703,24704,24705,24707],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24706,17687],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24709,24710],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[389,24712,24713,24716,24719],{},[392,24714,24715],{},"view the available keys",[392,24717,24718],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[392,24720,24721],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24723,24724,24726,24727,79],{},[18,24725,17687],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24728,17636],{},[81,24730,84],{"id":83},[34,24732,24734],{"className":36,"code":24733,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24735,24736,24772,24786,24790,24800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24737,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24739,13488],{"class":49},[43,24741,98],{"class":97},[43,24743,11110],{"class":53},[43,24745,265],{"class":264},[43,24747,8286],{"class":268},[43,24749,265],{"class":264},[43,24751,59],{"class":53},[43,24753,276],{"class":264},[43,24755,13505],{"class":268},[43,24757,265],{"class":264},[43,24759,108],{"class":53},[43,24761,276],{"class":264},[43,24763,9918],{"class":268},[43,24765,265],{"class":264},[43,24767,59],{"class":53},[43,24769,111],{"class":104},[43,24771,9928],{"class":53},[43,24773,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24775,17863],{"class":49},[43,24777,98],{"class":97},[43,24779,13531],{"class":49},[43,24781,79],{"class":53},[43,24783,17545],{"class":148},[43,24785,9262],{"class":53},[43,24787,24788],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24789,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24791,24792,24794,24796,24798],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24793,142],{"class":141},[43,24795,145],{"class":53},[43,24797,17545],{"class":148},[43,24799,346],{"class":53},[43,24801,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,24803,142],{"class":141},[43,24805,145],{"class":53},[43,24807,8712],{"class":3510},[43,24809,145],{"class":53},[43,24811,17545],{"class":148},[43,24813,2377],{"class":53},[14,24815,24816],{},[76,24817,349],{},[34,24819,24821],{"className":36,"code":24820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24822,24823,24845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24824,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24826,17636],{"class":148},[43,24828,3595],{"class":53},[43,24830,361],{"class":264},[43,24832,8286],{"class":268},[43,24834,361],{"class":264},[43,24836,108],{"class":53},[43,24838,370],{"class":264},[43,24840,9918],{"class":268},[43,24842,361],{"class":264},[43,24844,1547],{"class":53},[43,24846,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24848,54],{"class":53},[43,24850,361],{"class":264},[43,24852,8286],{"class":268},[43,24854,361],{"class":264},[43,24856,108],{"class":53},[43,24858,370],{"class":264},[43,24860,9918],{"class":268},[43,24862,361],{"class":264},[43,24864,68],{"class":53},[14,24866,230,24867,24869],{},[18,24868,17687],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[81,24871,4289,24873,4292],{"id":24872},"what-keys-does",[18,24874,17687],{},[14,24876,24877,24879],{},[18,24878,17687],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24881,12080],{},[389,24883,24884,24887,24890,24895],{},[392,24885,24886],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[392,24888,24889],{},"It does not need any arguments",[392,24891,18043,24892,24894],{},[18,24893,17636],{}," view object, not a list",[392,24896,24897],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24899,494],{},[34,24901,24903],{"className":36,"code":24902,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24904,24905,24941,24945,24959,24963,24985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24906,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24908,13829],{"class":49},[43,24910,98],{"class":97},[43,24912,11110],{"class":53},[43,24914,265],{"class":264},[43,24916,8286],{"class":268},[43,24918,265],{"class":264},[43,24920,59],{"class":53},[43,24922,276],{"class":264},[43,24924,13846],{"class":268},[43,24926,265],{"class":264},[43,24928,108],{"class":53},[43,24930,276],{"class":264},[43,24932,9918],{"class":268},[43,24934,265],{"class":264},[43,24936,59],{"class":53},[43,24938,9925],{"class":104},[43,24940,9928],{"class":53},[43,24942,24943],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,24944,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24946,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,24948,142],{"class":141},[43,24950,145],{"class":53},[43,24952,17928],{"class":148},[43,24954,79],{"class":53},[43,24956,17545],{"class":148},[43,24958,7811],{"class":53},[43,24960,24961],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,24962,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,24964,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,24966,17928],{"class":49},[43,24968,54],{"class":53},[43,24970,265],{"class":264},[43,24972,11028],{"class":268},[43,24974,265],{"class":264},[43,24976,13898],{"class":53},[43,24978,13901],{"class":97},[43,24980,276],{"class":264},[43,24982,11035],{"class":268},[43,24984,3969],{"class":264},[43,24986,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,24988,142],{"class":141},[43,24990,145],{"class":53},[43,24992,17928],{"class":148},[43,24994,79],{"class":53},[43,24996,17545],{"class":148},[43,24998,7811],{"class":53},[14,25000,25001],{},[76,25002,349],{},[34,25004,25006],{"className":36,"code":25005,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,25007,25008,25030],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25009,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25011,17636],{"class":148},[43,25013,3595],{"class":53},[43,25015,361],{"class":264},[43,25017,8286],{"class":268},[43,25019,361],{"class":264},[43,25021,108],{"class":53},[43,25023,370],{"class":264},[43,25025,9918],{"class":268},[43,25027,361],{"class":264},[43,25029,1547],{"class":53},[43,25031,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25033,17636],{"class":148},[43,25035,3595],{"class":53},[43,25037,361],{"class":264},[43,25039,8286],{"class":268},[43,25041,361],{"class":264},[43,25043,108],{"class":53},[43,25045,370],{"class":264},[43,25047,9918],{"class":268},[43,25049,361],{"class":264},[43,25051,108],{"class":53},[43,25053,370],{"class":264},[43,25055,11028],{"class":268},[43,25057,361],{"class":264},[43,25059,1547],{"class":53},[14,25061,25062],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[81,25064,6403],{"id":6402},[14,25066,25067],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[34,25069,25071],{"className":36,"code":25070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,25072,25073,25125,25129,25143],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25074,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25076,9784],{"class":49},[43,25078,98],{"class":97},[43,25080,11110],{"class":53},[43,25082,265],{"class":264},[43,25084,8286],{"class":268},[43,25086,265],{"class":264},[43,25088,59],{"class":53},[43,25090,276],{"class":264},[43,25092,13505],{"class":268},[43,25094,265],{"class":264},[43,25096,108],{"class":53},[43,25098,276],{"class":264},[43,25100,9918],{"class":268},[43,25102,265],{"class":264},[43,25104,59],{"class":53},[43,25106,111],{"class":104},[43,25108,108],{"class":53},[43,25110,276],{"class":264},[43,25112,20513],{"class":268},[43,25114,265],{"class":264},[43,25116,59],{"class":53},[43,25118,276],{"class":264},[43,25120,22867],{"class":268},[43,25122,265],{"class":264},[43,25124,9928],{"class":53},[43,25126,25127],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25128,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25130,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25132,142],{"class":141},[43,25134,145],{"class":53},[43,25136,9823],{"class":148},[43,25138,79],{"class":53},[43,25140,17545],{"class":148},[43,25142,7811],{"class":53},[43,25144,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,25146,142],{"class":141},[43,25148,145],{"class":53},[43,25150,8712],{"class":3510},[43,25152,145],{"class":53},[43,25154,9823],{"class":148},[43,25156,79],{"class":53},[43,25158,17545],{"class":148},[43,25160,6905],{"class":53},[14,25162,25163],{},[76,25164,349],{},[34,25166,25168],{"className":36,"code":25167,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,25169,25170,25200],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25171,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25173,17636],{"class":148},[43,25175,3595],{"class":53},[43,25177,361],{"class":264},[43,25179,8286],{"class":268},[43,25181,361],{"class":264},[43,25183,108],{"class":53},[43,25185,370],{"class":264},[43,25187,9918],{"class":268},[43,25189,361],{"class":264},[43,25191,108],{"class":53},[43,25193,370],{"class":264},[43,25195,20513],{"class":268},[43,25197,361],{"class":264},[43,25199,1547],{"class":53},[43,25201,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25203,54],{"class":53},[43,25205,361],{"class":264},[43,25207,8286],{"class":268},[43,25209,361],{"class":264},[43,25211,108],{"class":53},[43,25213,370],{"class":264},[43,25215,9918],{"class":268},[43,25217,361],{"class":264},[43,25219,108],{"class":53},[43,25221,370],{"class":264},[43,25223,20513],{"class":268},[43,25225,361],{"class":264},[43,25227,68],{"class":53},[14,25229,25230],{},"This shows two things:",[389,25232,25233,25241],{},[392,25234,25235,22597,25238,25240],{},[18,25236,25237],{},"data.keys()",[18,25239,17636],{}," object",[392,25242,25243,25246],{},[18,25244,25245],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,25248,9770,25249,79],{},[269,25250,25251],{"href":10010},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[81,25253,6047],{"id":6046},[14,25255,2766],{},[34,25257,25259],{"className":36,"code":25258,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,25260,25261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25262,25263,25265,25267,25269],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25264,12071],{"class":49},[43,25266,79],{"class":53},[43,25268,17545],{"class":148},[43,25270,9262],{"class":53},[14,25272,22422],{},[389,25274,25275,25278,25281],{},[392,25276,25277],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[392,25279,25280],{},"It takes no parameters",[392,25282,25283],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,25285,17277],{},[34,25287,25289],{"className":36,"code":25288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,25290,25291,25315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25292,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25294,13488],{"class":49},[43,25296,98],{"class":97},[43,25298,11110],{"class":53},[43,25300,265],{"class":264},[43,25302,8286],{"class":268},[43,25304,265],{"class":264},[43,25306,59],{"class":53},[43,25308,276],{"class":264},[43,25310,13505],{"class":268},[43,25312,265],{"class":264},[43,25314,9928],{"class":53},[43,25316,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25318,142],{"class":141},[43,25320,145],{"class":53},[43,25322,14251],{"class":148},[43,25324,79],{"class":53},[43,25326,17545],{"class":148},[43,25328,7811],{"class":53},[14,25330,25331],{},"Incorrect:",[34,25333,25335],{"className":36,"code":25334,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,25336,25337,25361],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25338,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25340,13488],{"class":49},[43,25342,98],{"class":97},[43,25344,11110],{"class":53},[43,25346,265],{"class":264},[43,25348,8286],{"class":268},[43,25350,265],{"class":264},[43,25352,59],{"class":53},[43,25354,276],{"class":264},[43,25356,13505],{"class":268},[43,25358,265],{"class":264},[43,25360,9928],{"class":53},[43,25362,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25374],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25364,142],{"class":141},[43,25366,145],{"class":53},[43,25368,14251],{"class":148},[43,25370,79],{"class":53},[43,25372,17545],{"class":25373},"skxfh",[43,25375,346],{"class":53},[14,25377,25378],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[81,25380,18040],{"id":18039},[14,25382,25383,22597,25385,25387],{},[18,25384,17687],{},[18,25386,17636],{}," object.",[14,25389,25390],{},"This object:",[389,25392,25393,25396,25399,25405],{},[392,25394,25395],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[392,25397,25398],{},"can be used in a loop",[392,25400,25401,25402],{},"can be converted with ",[18,25403,25404],{},"list()",[392,25406,25407],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25409,494],{},[34,25411,25413],{"className":36,"code":25412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,25414,25415,25456,25460,25475,25479,25489],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25416,25417,25420,25422,25424,25426,25429,25431,25433,25435,25438,25440,25442,25444,25447,25449,25451,25454],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25418,25419],{"class":49},"car ",[43,25421,98],{"class":97},[43,25423,11110],{"class":53},[43,25425,265],{"class":264},[43,25427,25428],{"class":268},"brand",[43,25430,265],{"class":264},[43,25432,59],{"class":53},[43,25434,276],{"class":264},[43,25436,25437],{"class":268},"Toyota",[43,25439,265],{"class":264},[43,25441,108],{"class":53},[43,25443,276],{"class":264},[43,25445,25446],{"class":268},"year",[43,25448,265],{"class":264},[43,25450,59],{"class":53},[43,25452,25453],{"class":104}," 2020",[43,25455,9928],{"class":53},[43,25457,25458],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25461,25462,25464,25466,25469,25471,25473],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25463,2836],{"class":49},[43,25465,98],{"class":97},[43,25467,25468],{"class":49}," car",[43,25470,79],{"class":53},[43,25472,17545],{"class":148},[43,25474,9262],{"class":53},[43,25476,25477],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,25478,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25480,25481,25483,25485,25487],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,25482,142],{"class":141},[43,25484,145],{"class":53},[43,25486,2871],{"class":148},[43,25488,346],{"class":53},[43,25490,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,25492,142],{"class":141},[43,25494,145],{"class":53},[43,25496,3832],{"class":3510},[43,25498,145],{"class":53},[43,25500,2871],{"class":148},[43,25502,2377],{"class":53},[14,25504,25505],{},[76,25506,349],{},[34,25508,25510],{"className":36,"code":25509,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,25511,25512,25534],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25513,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25515,17636],{"class":148},[43,25517,3595],{"class":53},[43,25519,361],{"class":264},[43,25521,25428],{"class":268},[43,25523,361],{"class":264},[43,25525,108],{"class":53},[43,25527,370],{"class":264},[43,25529,25446],{"class":268},[43,25531,361],{"class":264},[43,25533,1547],{"class":53},[43,25535,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25537,3901],{"class":97},[43,25539,3904],{"class":2671},[43,25541,370],{"class":264},[43,25543,17636],{"class":268},[43,25545,361],{"class":264},[43,25547,3913],{"class":97},[14,25549,25550,25551,25555,25556,79],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[269,25552,11357,25553,11361],{"href":17690},[18,25554,17693],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[269,25557,11357,25558,11361],{"href":17696},[18,25559,17699],{},[81,25561,25563],{"id":25562},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25565,25566],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[34,25568,25570],{"className":36,"code":25569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25571,25572,25625,25629,25645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25573,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25621,25623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25575,13488],{"class":49},[43,25577,98],{"class":97},[43,25579,11110],{"class":53},[43,25581,265],{"class":264},[43,25583,8286],{"class":268},[43,25585,265],{"class":264},[43,25587,59],{"class":53},[43,25589,276],{"class":264},[43,25591,13505],{"class":268},[43,25593,265],{"class":264},[43,25595,108],{"class":53},[43,25597,276],{"class":264},[43,25599,9918],{"class":268},[43,25601,265],{"class":264},[43,25603,59],{"class":53},[43,25605,111],{"class":104},[43,25607,108],{"class":53},[43,25609,276],{"class":264},[43,25611,15951],{"class":268},[43,25613,265],{"class":264},[43,25615,59],{"class":53},[43,25617,276],{"class":264},[43,25619,25620],{"class":268},"Math",[43,25622,265],{"class":264},[43,25624,9928],{"class":53},[43,25626,25627],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25628,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25630,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25632,6574],{"class":4491},[43,25634,18831],{"class":49},[43,25636,4498],{"class":4491},[43,25638,13531],{"class":49},[43,25640,79],{"class":53},[43,25642,17545],{"class":148},[43,25644,22217],{"class":53},[43,25646,25647,25649,25651,25653],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,25648,8687],{"class":141},[43,25650,145],{"class":53},[43,25652,15466],{"class":148},[43,25654,346],{"class":53},[14,25656,25657],{},[76,25658,349],{},[34,25660,25662],{"className":36,"code":25661,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25663,25664,25669,25674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25665,25666],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25667,25668],{"class":49},"name\n",[43,25670,25671],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25672,25673],{"class":49},"age\n",[43,25675,25676],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25677,25678],{"class":49},"course\n",[14,25680,25681],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[34,25683,25685],{"className":36,"code":25684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25686,25687,25699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25688,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25690,6574],{"class":4491},[43,25692,18831],{"class":49},[43,25694,4498],{"class":4491},[43,25696,13531],{"class":49},[43,25698,7009],{"class":53},[43,25700,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25702,8687],{"class":141},[43,25704,145],{"class":53},[43,25706,15466],{"class":148},[43,25708,346],{"class":53},[14,25710,25711,25712,25715],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25713,25714],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[81,25717,5576,25719],{"id":25718},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25720,17687],{},[14,25722,230,25723,11221],{},[18,25724,17687],{},[389,25726,25727,25730,25733],{},[392,25728,25729],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[392,25731,25732],{},"you want to display available fields",[392,25734,25735],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25737,494],{},[34,25739,25741],{"className":36,"code":25740,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25742,25743,25796,25800,25815,25832],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25744,25745,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25765,25767,25769,25771,25774,25776,25778,25781,25783,25785,25788,25790,25792,25794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25746,25747],{"class":49},"product ",[43,25749,98],{"class":97},[43,25751,11110],{"class":53},[43,25753,265],{"class":264},[43,25755,8286],{"class":268},[43,25757,265],{"class":264},[43,25759,59],{"class":53},[43,25761,276],{"class":264},[43,25763,25764],{"class":268},"Book",[43,25766,265],{"class":264},[43,25768,108],{"class":53},[43,25770,276],{"class":264},[43,25772,25773],{"class":268},"price",[43,25775,265],{"class":264},[43,25777,59],{"class":53},[43,25779,25780],{"class":104}," 12.99",[43,25782,108],{"class":53},[43,25784,276],{"class":264},[43,25786,25787],{"class":268},"stock",[43,25789,265],{"class":264},[43,25791,59],{"class":53},[43,25793,5221],{"class":104},[43,25795,9928],{"class":53},[43,25797,25798],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25799,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25801,25802,25804,25806,25808,25811,25813],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25803,142],{"class":141},[43,25805,145],{"class":53},[43,25807,265],{"class":264},[43,25809,25810],{"class":268},"Available fields:",[43,25812,265],{"class":264},[43,25814,346],{"class":53},[43,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25826,25828,25830],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,25818,6574],{"class":4491},[43,25820,18831],{"class":49},[43,25822,4498],{"class":4491},[43,25824,25825],{"class":49}," product",[43,25827,79],{"class":53},[43,25829,17545],{"class":148},[43,25831,22217],{"class":53},[43,25833,25834,25836,25838,25840],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,25835,8687],{"class":141},[43,25837,145],{"class":53},[43,25839,15466],{"class":148},[43,25841,346],{"class":53},[14,25843,25844],{},[76,25845,349],{},[34,25847,25849],{"className":36,"code":25848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25850,25851,25858,25862,25867],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25852,25853,25856],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25854,25855],{"class":49},"Available fields",[43,25857,7009],{"class":53},[43,25859,25860],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25861,25668],{"class":49},[43,25863,25864],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25865,25866],{"class":49},"price\n",[43,25868,25869],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,25870,25871],{"class":49},"stock\n",[14,25873,25874],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[34,25876,25878],{"className":36,"code":25877,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25879,25880,25916,25920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25881,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25883,25747],{"class":49},[43,25885,98],{"class":97},[43,25887,11110],{"class":53},[43,25889,265],{"class":264},[43,25891,8286],{"class":268},[43,25893,265],{"class":264},[43,25895,59],{"class":53},[43,25897,276],{"class":264},[43,25899,25764],{"class":268},[43,25901,265],{"class":264},[43,25903,108],{"class":53},[43,25905,276],{"class":264},[43,25907,25773],{"class":268},[43,25909,265],{"class":264},[43,25911,59],{"class":53},[43,25913,25780],{"class":104},[43,25915,9928],{"class":53},[43,25917,25918],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,25919,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,25921,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,25923,142],{"class":141},[43,25925,145],{"class":53},[43,25927,265],{"class":264},[43,25929,8286],{"class":268},[43,25931,265],{"class":264},[43,25933,21795],{"class":4491},[43,25935,25825],{"class":148},[43,25937,79],{"class":53},[43,25939,17545],{"class":148},[43,25941,7811],{"class":53},[14,25943,25944,25945,79],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25946,4216],{},[14,25948,25949],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[34,25951,25953],{"className":36,"code":25952,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25954,25955],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25956,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25958,142],{"class":141},[43,25960,145],{"class":53},[43,25962,265],{"class":264},[43,25964,8286],{"class":268},[43,25966,265],{"class":264},[43,25968,21795],{"class":4491},[43,25970,25825],{"class":148},[43,25972,346],{"class":53},[14,25974,25975,25976,79],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[269,25977,21828],{"href":17774},[81,25979,25981],{"id":25980},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25983,25984,25985,79],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25986,17687],{},[1499,25988,9071,25990,25992],{"id":25989},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25991,17687],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25994,25995,25997],{},[18,25996,17687],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25999,494],{},[34,26001,26003],{"className":36,"code":26002,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,26004,26005,26041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26006,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26008,9784],{"class":49},[43,26010,98],{"class":97},[43,26012,11110],{"class":53},[43,26014,265],{"class":264},[43,26016,8286],{"class":268},[43,26018,265],{"class":264},[43,26020,59],{"class":53},[43,26022,276],{"class":264},[43,26024,13505],{"class":268},[43,26026,265],{"class":264},[43,26028,108],{"class":53},[43,26030,276],{"class":264},[43,26032,9918],{"class":268},[43,26034,265],{"class":264},[43,26036,59],{"class":53},[43,26038,111],{"class":104},[43,26040,9928],{"class":53},[43,26042,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26044,142],{"class":141},[43,26046,145],{"class":53},[43,26048,9823],{"class":148},[43,26050,79],{"class":53},[43,26052,17545],{"class":148},[43,26054,7811],{"class":53},[14,26056,26057],{},[76,26058,349],{},[34,26060,26062],{"className":36,"code":26061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,26063,26064],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26065,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26067,17636],{"class":148},[43,26069,3595],{"class":53},[43,26071,361],{"class":264},[43,26073,8286],{"class":268},[43,26075,361],{"class":264},[43,26077,108],{"class":53},[43,26079,370],{"class":264},[43,26081,9918],{"class":268},[43,26083,361],{"class":264},[43,26085,1547],{"class":53},[14,26087,26088,26089,79],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[269,26090,26091],{"href":17696},[18,26092,17699],{},[1499,26094,26096,26097],{"id":26095},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,26098,17636],{},[14,26100,26101],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[34,26103,26105],{"className":36,"code":26104,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,26106,26107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26108,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26110,54],{"class":53},[43,26112,361],{"class":264},[43,26114,8286],{"class":268},[43,26116,361],{"class":264},[43,26118,108],{"class":53},[43,26120,370],{"class":264},[43,26122,9918],{"class":268},[43,26124,361],{"class":264},[43,26126,68],{"class":53},[14,26128,26129,26130,26132],{},"But ",[18,26131,17687],{}," returns:",[34,26134,26135],{"className":36,"code":26061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,26136,26137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26138,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26140,17636],{"class":148},[43,26142,3595],{"class":53},[43,26144,361],{"class":264},[43,26146,8286],{"class":268},[43,26148,361],{"class":264},[43,26150,108],{"class":53},[43,26152,370],{"class":264},[43,26154,9918],{"class":268},[43,26156,361],{"class":264},[43,26158,1547],{"class":53},[14,26160,26161],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[34,26163,26165],{"className":36,"code":26164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,26166,26167,26203,26222,26226],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26168,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26170,9784],{"class":49},[43,26172,98],{"class":97},[43,26174,11110],{"class":53},[43,26176,265],{"class":264},[43,26178,8286],{"class":268},[43,26180,265],{"class":264},[43,26182,59],{"class":53},[43,26184,276],{"class":264},[43,26186,13505],{"class":268},[43,26188,265],{"class":264},[43,26190,108],{"class":53},[43,26192,276],{"class":264},[43,26194,9918],{"class":268},[43,26196,265],{"class":264},[43,26198,59],{"class":53},[43,26200,111],{"class":104},[43,26202,9928],{"class":53},[43,26204,26205,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26206,26207],{"class":49},"key_list ",[43,26209,98],{"class":97},[43,26211,23182],{"class":3510},[43,26213,145],{"class":53},[43,26215,9823],{"class":148},[43,26217,79],{"class":53},[43,26219,17545],{"class":148},[43,26221,7811],{"class":53},[43,26223,26224],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,26225,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,26227,26228,26230,26232,26235],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,26229,142],{"class":141},[43,26231,145],{"class":53},[43,26233,26234],{"class":148},"key_list",[43,26236,346],{"class":53},[1499,26238,26240,26241,26243],{"id":26239},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,26242,17687],{}," on a list or string",[14,26245,26246,26248],{},[18,26247,17687],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,26250,1505],{},[34,26252,26254],{"className":36,"code":26253,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,26255,26256,26276],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26257,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26259,94],{"class":49},[43,26261,98],{"class":97},[43,26263,101],{"class":53},[43,26265,154],{"class":104},[43,26267,108],{"class":53},[43,26269,1525],{"class":104},[43,26271,108],{"class":53},[43,26273,1530],{"class":104},[43,26275,68],{"class":53},[43,26277,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26279,142],{"class":141},[43,26281,145],{"class":53},[43,26283,149],{"class":148},[43,26285,79],{"class":53},[43,26287,17545],{"class":148},[43,26289,7811],{"class":53},[14,26291,26292,26293,26296,26297,26299,26300,79],{},"You may get an ",[18,26294,26295],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,26298,17687],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[269,26301,26303,26304,26307],{"href":26302},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,26305,26306],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1499,26309,26311],{"id":26310},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,26313,26314],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[34,26316,26318],{"className":36,"code":26317,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,26319,26320,26344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26321,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26323,9784],{"class":49},[43,26325,98],{"class":97},[43,26327,11110],{"class":53},[43,26329,265],{"class":264},[43,26331,8286],{"class":268},[43,26333,265],{"class":264},[43,26335,59],{"class":53},[43,26337,276],{"class":264},[43,26339,13505],{"class":268},[43,26341,265],{"class":264},[43,26343,9928],{"class":53},[43,26345,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26347,142],{"class":141},[43,26349,145],{"class":53},[43,26351,9823],{"class":148},[43,26353,79],{"class":53},[43,26355,17545],{"class":25373},[43,26357,346],{"class":53},[14,26359,26360],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,26362,19317],{},[34,26364,26366],{"className":36,"code":26365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,26367,26368],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26369,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26371,142],{"class":141},[43,26373,145],{"class":53},[43,26375,9823],{"class":148},[43,26377,79],{"class":53},[43,26379,17545],{"class":148},[43,26381,7811],{"class":53},[81,26383,3438],{"id":3437},[14,26385,26386,26387,59],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,26388,17687],{},[389,26390,26391,26396,26402,26408],{},[392,26392,2445,26393,26395],{},[18,26394,17687],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[392,26397,26398,26399,26401],{},"Thinking ",[18,26400,17687],{}," returns values too",[392,26403,26404,26405,26407],{},"Trying to index ",[18,26406,17636],{}," like a normal list",[392,26409,26410,26411,26413],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,26412,17636],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26415,26416],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[34,26418,26420],{"className":36,"code":26419,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,26421,26422,26454,26468,26472,26482],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26423,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26425,9784],{"class":49},[43,26427,98],{"class":97},[43,26429,11110],{"class":53},[43,26431,265],{"class":264},[43,26433,269],{"class":268},[43,26435,265],{"class":264},[43,26437,59],{"class":53},[43,26439,6113],{"class":104},[43,26441,108],{"class":53},[43,26443,276],{"class":264},[43,26445,279],{"class":268},[43,26447,265],{"class":264},[43,26449,59],{"class":53},[43,26451,1525],{"class":104},[43,26453,9928],{"class":53},[43,26455,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26457,17863],{"class":49},[43,26459,98],{"class":97},[43,26461,15191],{"class":49},[43,26463,79],{"class":53},[43,26465,17545],{"class":148},[43,26467,9262],{"class":53},[43,26469,26470],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,26471,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,26473,26474,26476,26478,26480],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,26475,142],{"class":141},[43,26477,145],{"class":53},[43,26479,17545],{"class":148},[43,26481,346],{"class":53},[43,26483,26484],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,26485,26486],{"class":165},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26488,26489],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[34,26491,26493],{"className":36,"code":26492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,26494,26495,26527,26545,26549],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26498,9784],{"class":49},[43,26500,98],{"class":97},[43,26502,11110],{"class":53},[43,26504,265],{"class":264},[43,26506,269],{"class":268},[43,26508,265],{"class":264},[43,26510,59],{"class":53},[43,26512,6113],{"class":104},[43,26514,108],{"class":53},[43,26516,276],{"class":264},[43,26518,279],{"class":268},[43,26520,265],{"class":264},[43,26522,59],{"class":53},[43,26524,1525],{"class":104},[43,26526,9928],{"class":53},[43,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26530,17863],{"class":49},[43,26532,98],{"class":97},[43,26534,23182],{"class":3510},[43,26536,145],{"class":53},[43,26538,9823],{"class":148},[43,26540,79],{"class":53},[43,26542,17545],{"class":148},[43,26544,7811],{"class":53},[43,26546,26547],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,26548,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,26550,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,26552,142],{"class":141},[43,26554,145],{"class":53},[43,26556,17545],{"class":148},[43,26558,54],{"class":53},[43,26560,1277],{"class":104},[43,26562,1547],{"class":53},[81,26564,26566],{"id":26565},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26568,11734],{},[34,26570,26572],{"className":36,"code":26571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26573,26574,26588,26598,26612],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26575,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26577,142],{"class":141},[43,26579,145],{"class":53},[43,26581,3832],{"class":3510},[43,26583,145],{"class":53},[43,26585,12071],{"class":148},[43,26587,2377],{"class":53},[43,26589,26590,26592,26594,26596],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26591,142],{"class":141},[43,26593,145],{"class":53},[43,26595,12071],{"class":148},[43,26597,346],{"class":53},[43,26599,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,26601,142],{"class":141},[43,26603,145],{"class":53},[43,26605,12071],{"class":148},[43,26607,79],{"class":53},[43,26609,17545],{"class":148},[43,26611,7811],{"class":53},[43,26613,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,26615,142],{"class":141},[43,26617,145],{"class":53},[43,26619,8712],{"class":3510},[43,26621,145],{"class":53},[43,26623,12071],{"class":148},[43,26625,79],{"class":53},[43,26627,17545],{"class":148},[43,26629,6905],{"class":53},[14,26631,26632],{},"These help you confirm:",[389,26634,26635,26638,26641,26646],{},[392,26636,26637],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[392,26639,26640],{},"what data it contains",[392,26642,26643,26644,12328],{},"what ",[18,26645,17687],{},[392,26647,26648],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[81,26650,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,26652,24541,26654,5759],{"id":26653},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26655,17687],{},[14,26657,18043,26658,26660],{},[18,26659,17636],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1499,26662,15527,26664,26667],{"id":26663},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26665,26666],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26669,26670,26671,26673,26674,79],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26672,17636],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26675,26676],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1499,26678,26680,26681,2490],{"id":26679},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26682,26666],{},[14,26684,26685,26686,26688],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26687,6574],{}," loop.",[1499,26690,26692,26693,26695],{"id":26691},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26694,17687],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26697,26698,26699,26701],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26700,17687],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1499,26703,26705],{"id":26704},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26707,230,26708,79],{},[18,26709,26710],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[81,26712,2497],{"id":2496},[389,26714,26715,26720,26726,26732,26738,26742],{},[392,26716,26717],{},[269,26718,26719],{"href":10010},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[392,26721,26722],{},[269,26723,11357,26724,11361],{"href":17690},[18,26725,17693],{},[392,26727,26728],{},[269,26729,11357,26730,11361],{"href":17696},[18,26731,17699],{},[392,26733,26734],{},[269,26735,26737],{"href":26736},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[392,26739,26740],{},[269,26741,17775],{"href":17774},[392,26743,26744],{},[269,26745,26746,26747,26307],{"href":26302},"How to fix ",[18,26748,26306],{},[2536,26750,26751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":26753},[26754,26755,26757,26758,26759,26760,26761,26763,26772,26773,26774,26785],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":24872,"depth":131,"text":26756},"What keys() does",{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":25562,"depth":131,"text":25563},{"id":25718,"depth":131,"text":26762},"When to use keys()",{"id":25980,"depth":131,"text":25981,"children":26764},[26765,26767,26769,26771],{"id":25989,"depth":138,"text":26766},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26095,"depth":138,"text":26768},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26239,"depth":138,"text":26770},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26310,"depth":138,"text":26311},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":26565,"depth":131,"text":26566},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":26775},[26776,26778,26780,26782,26784],{"id":26653,"depth":138,"text":26777},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26663,"depth":138,"text":26779},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26679,"depth":138,"text":26781},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26691,"depth":138,"text":26783},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26704,"depth":138,"text":26705},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24694,"description":26786},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26792,"title":26793,"body":26794,"description":29067,"extension":2572,"meta":29068,"navigation":134,"path":29069,"seo":29070,"stem":29071,"__hash__":29072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26795,"toc":29020},[26796,26801,26806,26809,26811,26957,26970,26975,26979,26993,26995,27098,27107,27109,27112,27150,27175,27177,27284,27286,27293,27296,27304,27306,27447,27455,27460,27464,27475,27477,27639,27642,27650,27657,27663,27760,27766,27843,27846,27858,27863,27869,27872,27876,27965,27968,27972,28076,28083,28170,28179,28181,28186,28192,28195,28241,28244,28310,28319,28325,28418,28424,28430,28473,28476,28541,28547,28639,28642,28646,28652,28677,28680,28776,28783,28785,28790,28881,28883,28911,28916,28918,28925,28928,28932,28942,28947,28950,28957,28967,28974,28982,28984,29017],[10,26797,11939,26799,11943],{"id":26798},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26800,13387],{},[14,26802,26803,26805],{},[18,26804,13193],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26807,26808],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[81,26810,4221],{"id":4220},[34,26812,26814],{"className":36,"code":26813,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26815,26816,26852,26876,26890,26903,26907,26912,26944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26817,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26819,13829],{"class":49},[43,26821,98],{"class":97},[43,26823,11110],{"class":53},[43,26825,265],{"class":264},[43,26827,8286],{"class":268},[43,26829,265],{"class":264},[43,26831,59],{"class":53},[43,26833,276],{"class":264},[43,26835,13505],{"class":268},[43,26837,265],{"class":264},[43,26839,108],{"class":53},[43,26841,276],{"class":264},[43,26843,9918],{"class":268},[43,26845,265],{"class":264},[43,26847,59],{"class":53},[43,26849,9925],{"class":104},[43,26851,9928],{"class":53},[43,26853,26854,26857,26859,26861,26863,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,26855,26856],{"class":49},"removed_age ",[43,26858,98],{"class":97},[43,26860,13872],{"class":49},[43,26862,79],{"class":53},[43,26864,26865],{"class":148},"pop",[43,26867,145],{"class":53},[43,26869,265],{"class":264},[43,26871,9918],{"class":268},[43,26873,265],{"class":264},[43,26875,346],{"class":53},[43,26877,26878,26880,26882,26885,26887],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,26879,142],{"class":141},[43,26881,145],{"class":53},[43,26883,26884],{"class":148},"removed_age",[43,26886,4272],{"class":53},[43,26888,26889],{"class":165},"   # 25\n",[43,26891,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,26893,142],{"class":141},[43,26895,145],{"class":53},[43,26897,17928],{"class":148},[43,26899,4272],{"class":53},[43,26901,26902],{"class":165},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[43,26904,26905],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,26906,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,26908,26909],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,26910,26911],{"class":165},"# Safe version with default value\n",[43,26913,26914,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26940,26942],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,26915,26916],{"class":49},"country ",[43,26918,98],{"class":97},[43,26920,13872],{"class":49},[43,26922,79],{"class":53},[43,26924,26865],{"class":148},[43,26926,145],{"class":53},[43,26928,265],{"class":264},[43,26930,15884],{"class":268},[43,26932,265],{"class":264},[43,26934,108],{"class":53},[43,26936,276],{"class":264},[43,26938,26939],{"class":268},"Not found",[43,26941,265],{"class":264},[43,26943,346],{"class":53},[43,26945,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,26947,142],{"class":141},[43,26949,145],{"class":53},[43,26951,15884],{"class":148},[43,26953,4272],{"class":53},[43,26955,26956],{"class":165},"       # Not found\n",[14,26958,230,26959,26962,26963,26966,26967,26969],{},[18,26960,26961],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26964,26965],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26968,20309],{}," when the key might not exist.",[81,26971,4289,26973,4292],{"id":26972},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26974,13193],{},[14,26976,26977,59],{},[18,26978,13193],{},[389,26980,26981,26984,26987,26990],{},[392,26982,26983],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[392,26985,26986],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[392,26988,26989],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[392,26991,26992],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26994,494],{},[34,26996,26998],{"className":36,"code":26997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26999,27000,27040,27044,27067,27071,27085],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27001,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27003,12110],{"class":49},[43,27005,98],{"class":97},[43,27007,11110],{"class":53},[43,27009,265],{"class":264},[43,27011,8286],{"class":268},[43,27013,265],{"class":264},[43,27015,59],{"class":53},[43,27017,276],{"class":264},[43,27019,13846],{"class":268},[43,27021,265],{"class":264},[43,27023,108],{"class":53},[43,27025,276],{"class":264},[43,27027,11028],{"class":268},[43,27029,265],{"class":264},[43,27031,59],{"class":53},[43,27033,276],{"class":264},[43,27035,11035],{"class":268},[43,27037,265],{"class":264},[43,27039,9928],{"class":53},[43,27041,27042],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27043,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27045,27046,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27047,27048],{"class":49},"removed_city ",[43,27050,98],{"class":97},[43,27052,12193],{"class":49},[43,27054,79],{"class":53},[43,27056,26865],{"class":148},[43,27058,145],{"class":53},[43,27060,265],{"class":264},[43,27062,11028],{"class":268},[43,27064,265],{"class":264},[43,27066,346],{"class":53},[43,27068,27069],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27070,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27072,27073,27075,27077,27080,27082],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27074,142],{"class":141},[43,27076,145],{"class":53},[43,27078,27079],{"class":148},"removed_city",[43,27081,4272],{"class":53},[43,27083,27084],{"class":165},"  # Paris\n",[43,27086,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,27088,142],{"class":141},[43,27090,145],{"class":53},[43,27092,12204],{"class":148},[43,27094,4272],{"class":53},[43,27096,27097],{"class":165},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,27099,21392,27100,27103,27104,79],{},[18,27101,27102],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,27105,27106],{},"\"Paris\"",[81,27108,2763],{"id":2762},[14,27110,27111],{},"There are two common forms:",[34,27113,27115],{"className":36,"code":27114,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,27116,27117,27131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27118,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27120,12071],{"class":49},[43,27122,79],{"class":53},[43,27124,26865],{"class":148},[43,27126,145],{"class":53},[43,27128,15466],{"class":148},[43,27130,346],{"class":53},[43,27132,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27148],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27134,12071],{"class":49},[43,27136,79],{"class":53},[43,27138,26865],{"class":148},[43,27140,145],{"class":53},[43,27142,15466],{"class":148},[43,27144,108],{"class":53},[43,27146,27147],{"class":148}," default",[43,27149,346],{"class":53},[389,27151,27152,27158,27166,27172],{},[392,27153,27154,27157],{},[18,27155,27156],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[392,27159,27160,27162,27163,27165],{},[18,27161,27156],{}," raises ",[18,27164,20309],{}," if the key is missing",[392,27167,27168,27171],{},[18,27169,27170],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[392,27173,27174],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,27176,494],{},[34,27178,27180],{"className":36,"code":27179,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,27181,27182,27214,27218,27243,27271],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27183,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27185,5679],{"class":49},[43,27187,98],{"class":97},[43,27189,11110],{"class":53},[43,27191,265],{"class":264},[43,27193,19039],{"class":268},[43,27195,265],{"class":264},[43,27197,59],{"class":53},[43,27199,20520],{"class":104},[43,27201,108],{"class":53},[43,27203,276],{"class":264},[43,27205,19048],{"class":268},[43,27207,265],{"class":264},[43,27209,59],{"class":53},[43,27211,14132],{"class":104},[43,27213,9928],{"class":53},[43,27215,27216],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27217,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27219,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27221,142],{"class":141},[43,27223,145],{"class":53},[43,27225,17011],{"class":148},[43,27227,79],{"class":53},[43,27229,26865],{"class":148},[43,27231,145],{"class":53},[43,27233,265],{"class":264},[43,27235,19039],{"class":268},[43,27237,265],{"class":264},[43,27239,5977],{"class":53},[43,27241,27242],{"class":165},"         # 90\n",[43,27244,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27246,142],{"class":141},[43,27248,145],{"class":53},[43,27250,17011],{"class":148},[43,27252,79],{"class":53},[43,27254,26865],{"class":148},[43,27256,145],{"class":53},[43,27258,265],{"class":264},[43,27260,19057],{"class":268},[43,27262,265],{"class":264},[43,27264,108],{"class":53},[43,27266,4447],{"class":104},[43,27268,5977],{"class":53},[43,27270,21389],{"class":165},[43,27272,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27274,142],{"class":141},[43,27276,145],{"class":53},[43,27278,17011],{"class":148},[43,27280,4272],{"class":53},[43,27282,27283],{"class":165},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[81,27285,18040],{"id":18039},[14,27287,27288,14678,27290,27292],{},[18,27289,13387],{},[76,27291,1957],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,27294,27295],{},"Instead, it returns:",[389,27297,27298,27301],{},[392,27299,27300],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[392,27302,27303],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,27305,494],{},[34,27307,27309],{"className":36,"code":27308,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,27310,27311,27343,27347,27370,27402,27406,27420,27434],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27312,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27314,9784],{"class":49},[43,27316,98],{"class":97},[43,27318,11110],{"class":53},[43,27320,265],{"class":264},[43,27322,269],{"class":268},[43,27324,265],{"class":264},[43,27326,59],{"class":53},[43,27328,977],{"class":104},[43,27330,108],{"class":53},[43,27332,276],{"class":264},[43,27334,279],{"class":268},[43,27336,265],{"class":264},[43,27338,59],{"class":53},[43,27340,111],{"class":104},[43,27342,9928],{"class":53},[43,27344,27345],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27346,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27348,27349,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27350,27351],{"class":49},"result1 ",[43,27353,98],{"class":97},[43,27355,15191],{"class":49},[43,27357,79],{"class":53},[43,27359,26865],{"class":148},[43,27361,145],{"class":53},[43,27363,265],{"class":264},[43,27365,269],{"class":268},[43,27367,265],{"class":264},[43,27369,346],{"class":53},[43,27371,27372,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27398,27400],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27373,27374],{"class":49},"result2 ",[43,27376,98],{"class":97},[43,27378,15191],{"class":49},[43,27380,79],{"class":53},[43,27382,26865],{"class":148},[43,27384,145],{"class":53},[43,27386,265],{"class":264},[43,27388,288],{"class":268},[43,27390,265],{"class":264},[43,27392,108],{"class":53},[43,27394,276],{"class":264},[43,27396,27397],{"class":268},"missing",[43,27399,265],{"class":264},[43,27401,346],{"class":53},[43,27403,27404],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27405,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27407,27408,27410,27412,27415,27417],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,27409,142],{"class":141},[43,27411,145],{"class":53},[43,27413,27414],{"class":148},"result1",[43,27416,4272],{"class":53},[43,27418,27419],{"class":165},"  # 10\n",[43,27421,27422,27424,27426,27429,27431],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,27423,142],{"class":141},[43,27425,145],{"class":53},[43,27427,27428],{"class":148},"result2",[43,27430,4272],{"class":53},[43,27432,27433],{"class":165},"  # missing\n",[43,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,27437,142],{"class":141},[43,27439,145],{"class":53},[43,27441,9823],{"class":148},[43,27443,4272],{"class":53},[43,27445,27446],{"class":165},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27448,27449,27450,7247],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[269,27451,27452],{"href":11356},[18,27453,27454],{},"dict.get()",[81,27456,5576,27458],{"id":27457},"when-to-use-pop",[18,27459,13387],{},[14,27461,230,27462,11221],{},[18,27463,13387],{},[389,27465,27466,27469,27472],{},[392,27467,27468],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[392,27470,27471],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[392,27473,27474],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27476,494],{},[34,27478,27480],{"className":36,"code":27479,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,27481,27482,27534,27538,27565,27569,27593,27597,27611,27625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27483,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27518,27520,27522,27525,27527,27529,27532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27485,25747],{"class":49},[43,27487,98],{"class":97},[43,27489,11110],{"class":53},[43,27491,265],{"class":264},[43,27493,8286],{"class":268},[43,27495,265],{"class":264},[43,27497,59],{"class":53},[43,27499,276],{"class":264},[43,27501,27502],{"class":268},"Laptop",[43,27504,265],{"class":264},[43,27506,108],{"class":53},[43,27508,276],{"class":264},[43,27510,25773],{"class":268},[43,27512,265],{"class":264},[43,27514,59],{"class":53},[43,27516,27517],{"class":104}," 1200",[43,27519,108],{"class":53},[43,27521,276],{"class":264},[43,27523,27524],{"class":268},"discount",[43,27526,265],{"class":264},[43,27528,59],{"class":53},[43,27530,27531],{"class":104}," 200",[43,27533,9928],{"class":53},[43,27535,27536],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27537,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27539,27540,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27541,27542],{"class":49},"discount_amount ",[43,27544,98],{"class":97},[43,27546,25825],{"class":49},[43,27548,79],{"class":53},[43,27550,26865],{"class":148},[43,27552,145],{"class":53},[43,27554,265],{"class":264},[43,27556,27524],{"class":268},[43,27558,265],{"class":264},[43,27560,108],{"class":53},[43,27562,4447],{"class":104},[43,27564,346],{"class":53},[43,27566,27567],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27570,27571,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27572,27573],{"class":49},"final_price ",[43,27575,98],{"class":97},[43,27577,25825],{"class":49},[43,27579,54],{"class":53},[43,27581,265],{"class":264},[43,27583,25773],{"class":268},[43,27585,265],{"class":264},[43,27587,13898],{"class":53},[43,27589,2828],{"class":97},[43,27591,27592],{"class":49}," discount_amount\n",[43,27594,27595],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,27596,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27598,27599,27601,27603,27606,27608],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,27600,142],{"class":141},[43,27602,145],{"class":53},[43,27604,27605],{"class":148},"discount_amount",[43,27607,4272],{"class":53},[43,27609,27610],{"class":165},"  # 200\n",[43,27612,27613,27615,27617,27620,27622],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,27614,142],{"class":141},[43,27616,145],{"class":53},[43,27618,27619],{"class":148},"final_price",[43,27621,4272],{"class":53},[43,27623,27624],{"class":165},"      # 1000\n",[43,27626,27627,27629,27631,27634,27636],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,27628,142],{"class":141},[43,27630,145],{"class":53},[43,27632,27633],{"class":148},"product",[43,27635,4272],{"class":53},[43,27637,27638],{"class":165},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27640,27641],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[81,27643,27645,11205,27647],{"id":27644},"pop-vs-del",[18,27646,13387],{},[18,27648,27649],{},"del",[14,27651,11210,27652,1233,27654,27656],{},[18,27653,13387],{},[18,27655,27649],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1499,27658,230,27660,27662],{"id":27659},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27661,13387],{}," when you need the removed value",[34,27664,27666],{"className":36,"code":27665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27667,27668,27704,27708,27730,27734,27747],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27669,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27671,13829],{"class":49},[43,27673,98],{"class":97},[43,27675,11110],{"class":53},[43,27677,265],{"class":264},[43,27679,8286],{"class":268},[43,27681,265],{"class":264},[43,27683,59],{"class":53},[43,27685,276],{"class":264},[43,27687,13505],{"class":268},[43,27689,265],{"class":264},[43,27691,108],{"class":53},[43,27693,276],{"class":264},[43,27695,9918],{"class":268},[43,27697,265],{"class":264},[43,27699,59],{"class":53},[43,27701,9925],{"class":104},[43,27703,9928],{"class":53},[43,27705,27706],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27707,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27709,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27711,22250],{"class":49},[43,27713,98],{"class":97},[43,27715,13872],{"class":49},[43,27717,79],{"class":53},[43,27719,26865],{"class":148},[43,27721,145],{"class":53},[43,27723,265],{"class":264},[43,27725,9918],{"class":268},[43,27727,265],{"class":264},[43,27729,346],{"class":53},[43,27731,27732],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27735,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27737,142],{"class":141},[43,27739,145],{"class":53},[43,27741,9918],{"class":148},[43,27743,4272],{"class":53},[43,27745,27746],{"class":165},"     # 25\n",[43,27748,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,27750,142],{"class":141},[43,27752,145],{"class":53},[43,27754,17928],{"class":148},[43,27756,4272],{"class":53},[43,27758,27759],{"class":165},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1499,27761,230,27763,27765],{"id":27762},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27764,27649],{}," when you only want deletion",[34,27767,27769],{"className":36,"code":27768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27770,27771,27807,27811,27827,27831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27772,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27774,13829],{"class":49},[43,27776,98],{"class":97},[43,27778,11110],{"class":53},[43,27780,265],{"class":264},[43,27782,8286],{"class":268},[43,27784,265],{"class":264},[43,27786,59],{"class":53},[43,27788,276],{"class":264},[43,27790,13505],{"class":268},[43,27792,265],{"class":264},[43,27794,108],{"class":53},[43,27796,276],{"class":264},[43,27798,9918],{"class":268},[43,27800,265],{"class":264},[43,27802,59],{"class":53},[43,27804,9925],{"class":104},[43,27806,9928],{"class":53},[43,27808,27809],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27810,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27812,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27814,27649],{"class":4491},[43,27816,13872],{"class":49},[43,27818,54],{"class":53},[43,27820,265],{"class":264},[43,27822,9918],{"class":268},[43,27824,265],{"class":264},[43,27826,68],{"class":53},[43,27828,27829],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27830,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27832,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27834,142],{"class":141},[43,27836,145],{"class":53},[43,27838,17928],{"class":148},[43,27840,4272],{"class":53},[43,27842,27759],{"class":165},[14,27844,27845],{},"Difference:",[389,27847,27848,27853],{},[392,27849,27850,27852],{},[18,27851,13387],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[392,27854,27855,27857],{},[18,27856,27649],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27859,27860,27861,79],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[269,27862,13198],{"href":13197},[81,27864,27866,27867],{"id":27865},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27868,20309],{},[14,27870,27871],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1499,27873,27875],{"id":27874},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[34,27877,27879],{"className":36,"code":27878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27880,27881,27906,27910,27936,27940,27952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27882,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27902,27904],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27884,12347],{"class":49},[43,27886,98],{"class":97},[43,27888,11110],{"class":53},[43,27890,265],{"class":264},[43,27892,8286],{"class":268},[43,27894,265],{"class":264},[43,27896,59],{"class":53},[43,27898,276],{"class":264},[43,27900,27901],{"class":268},"Sara",[43,27903,265],{"class":264},[43,27905,9928],{"class":53},[43,27907,27908],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,27909,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27911,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,27913,3054],{"class":49},[43,27915,98],{"class":97},[43,27917,12389],{"class":49},[43,27919,79],{"class":53},[43,27921,26865],{"class":148},[43,27923,145],{"class":53},[43,27925,265],{"class":264},[43,27927,9918],{"class":268},[43,27929,265],{"class":264},[43,27931,108],{"class":53},[43,27933,4467],{"class":4466},[43,27935,346],{"class":53},[43,27937,27938],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,27939,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,27941,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,27943,142],{"class":141},[43,27945,145],{"class":53},[43,27947,3080],{"class":148},[43,27949,4272],{"class":53},[43,27951,21182],{"class":165},[43,27953,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,27955,142],{"class":141},[43,27957,145],{"class":53},[43,27959,12071],{"class":148},[43,27961,4272],{"class":53},[43,27963,27964],{"class":165}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27966,27967],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1499,27969,27971],{"id":27970},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[34,27973,27975],{"className":36,"code":27974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27976,27977,28001,28005,28021,28044,28054,28061],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27978,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27980,12347],{"class":49},[43,27982,98],{"class":97},[43,27984,11110],{"class":53},[43,27986,265],{"class":264},[43,27988,8286],{"class":268},[43,27990,265],{"class":264},[43,27992,59],{"class":53},[43,27994,276],{"class":264},[43,27996,27901],{"class":268},[43,27998,265],{"class":264},[43,28000,9928],{"class":53},[43,28002,28003],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28004,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28006,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28008,7614],{"class":4491},[43,28010,276],{"class":264},[43,28012,9918],{"class":268},[43,28014,265],{"class":264},[43,28016,21795],{"class":97},[43,28018,12389],{"class":49},[43,28020,7009],{"class":53},[43,28022,28023,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28024,28025],{"class":49},"    value ",[43,28027,98],{"class":97},[43,28029,12389],{"class":49},[43,28031,79],{"class":53},[43,28033,26865],{"class":148},[43,28035,145],{"class":53},[43,28037,265],{"class":264},[43,28039,9918],{"class":268},[43,28041,265],{"class":264},[43,28043,346],{"class":53},[43,28045,28046,28048,28050,28052],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,28047,8687],{"class":141},[43,28049,145],{"class":53},[43,28051,3080],{"class":148},[43,28053,346],{"class":53},[43,28055,28056,28059],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,28057,28058],{"class":4491},"else",[43,28060,7009],{"class":53},[43,28062,28063,28065,28067,28069,28072,28074],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,28064,8687],{"class":141},[43,28066,145],{"class":53},[43,28068,265],{"class":264},[43,28070,28071],{"class":268},"Key not found",[43,28073,265],{"class":264},[43,28075,346],{"class":53},[1499,28077,28079,28080,28082],{"id":28078},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,28081,11360],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[34,28084,28086],{"className":36,"code":28085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,28087,28088,28112,28116,28142,28146,28158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28089,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28091,12347],{"class":49},[43,28093,98],{"class":97},[43,28095,11110],{"class":53},[43,28097,265],{"class":264},[43,28099,8286],{"class":268},[43,28101,265],{"class":264},[43,28103,59],{"class":53},[43,28105,276],{"class":264},[43,28107,27901],{"class":268},[43,28109,265],{"class":264},[43,28111,9928],{"class":53},[43,28113,28114],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28115,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28117,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28119,3054],{"class":49},[43,28121,98],{"class":97},[43,28123,12389],{"class":49},[43,28125,79],{"class":53},[43,28127,20372],{"class":148},[43,28129,145],{"class":53},[43,28131,265],{"class":264},[43,28133,9918],{"class":268},[43,28135,265],{"class":264},[43,28137,108],{"class":53},[43,28139,4467],{"class":4466},[43,28141,346],{"class":53},[43,28143,28144],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28145,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,28149,142],{"class":141},[43,28151,145],{"class":53},[43,28153,3080],{"class":148},[43,28155,4272],{"class":53},[43,28157,21182],{"class":165},[43,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,28161,142],{"class":141},[43,28163,145],{"class":53},[43,28165,12071],{"class":148},[43,28167,4272],{"class":53},[43,28169,27964],{"class":165},[14,28171,230,28172,28176,28177,79],{},[269,28173,28174],{"href":11356},[18,28175,27454],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[269,28178,11883],{"href":11695},[81,28180,5134],{"id":5133},[14,28182,28183,28184,79],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,28185,13193],{},[1499,28187,26398,28189,28191],{"id":28188},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,28190,13387],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,28193,28194],{},"Lists use indexes:",[34,28196,28198],{"className":36,"code":28197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,28199,28200,28220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28201,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28203,94],{"class":49},[43,28205,98],{"class":97},[43,28207,101],{"class":53},[43,28209,105],{"class":104},[43,28211,108],{"class":53},[43,28213,111],{"class":104},[43,28215,108],{"class":53},[43,28217,116],{"class":104},[43,28219,68],{"class":53},[43,28221,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28223,142],{"class":141},[43,28225,145],{"class":53},[43,28227,149],{"class":148},[43,28229,79],{"class":53},[43,28231,26865],{"class":148},[43,28233,145],{"class":53},[43,28235,154],{"class":104},[43,28237,5977],{"class":53},[43,28239,28240],{"class":165},"  # 20\n",[14,28242,28243],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[34,28245,28247],{"className":36,"code":28246,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,28248,28249,28285],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28250,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28252,13829],{"class":49},[43,28254,98],{"class":97},[43,28256,11110],{"class":53},[43,28258,265],{"class":264},[43,28260,8286],{"class":268},[43,28262,265],{"class":264},[43,28264,59],{"class":53},[43,28266,276],{"class":264},[43,28268,13505],{"class":268},[43,28270,265],{"class":264},[43,28272,108],{"class":53},[43,28274,276],{"class":264},[43,28276,9918],{"class":268},[43,28278,265],{"class":264},[43,28280,59],{"class":53},[43,28282,9925],{"class":104},[43,28284,9928],{"class":53},[43,28286,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28288,142],{"class":141},[43,28290,145],{"class":53},[43,28292,17928],{"class":148},[43,28294,79],{"class":53},[43,28296,26865],{"class":148},[43,28298,145],{"class":53},[43,28300,265],{"class":264},[43,28302,9918],{"class":268},[43,28304,265],{"class":264},[43,28306,5977],{"class":53},[43,28308,28309],{"class":165},"  # 25\n",[14,28311,28312,28313,28315,28316,28318],{},"A dictionary does ",[76,28314,1957],{}," use positions with ",[18,28317,13387],{},". It uses keys.",[1499,28320,1849,28322,28324],{"id":28321},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,28323,13387],{}," changes the original dictionary",[34,28326,28328],{"className":36,"code":28327,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,28329,28330,28362,28366,28388,28392,28405],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28331,28332,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28333,9784],{"class":49},[43,28335,98],{"class":97},[43,28337,11110],{"class":53},[43,28339,265],{"class":264},[43,28341,2780],{"class":268},[43,28343,265],{"class":264},[43,28345,59],{"class":53},[43,28347,6113],{"class":104},[43,28349,108],{"class":53},[43,28351,276],{"class":264},[43,28353,12368],{"class":268},[43,28355,265],{"class":264},[43,28357,59],{"class":53},[43,28359,1525],{"class":104},[43,28361,9928],{"class":53},[43,28363,28364],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28367,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28369,3054],{"class":49},[43,28371,98],{"class":97},[43,28373,15191],{"class":49},[43,28375,79],{"class":53},[43,28377,26865],{"class":148},[43,28379,145],{"class":53},[43,28381,265],{"class":264},[43,28383,2780],{"class":268},[43,28385,265],{"class":264},[43,28387,346],{"class":53},[43,28389,28390],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28391,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28393,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,28395,142],{"class":141},[43,28397,145],{"class":53},[43,28399,3080],{"class":148},[43,28401,4272],{"class":53},[43,28403,28404],{"class":165},"  # 1\n",[43,28406,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,28408,142],{"class":141},[43,28410,145],{"class":53},[43,28412,9823],{"class":148},[43,28414,4272],{"class":53},[43,28416,28417],{"class":165},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28419,28420,28421,28423],{},"After ",[18,28422,13387],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1499,28425,2445,28427,28429],{"id":28426},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,28428,13387],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[34,28431,28433],{"className":36,"code":28432,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,28434,28435,28459,28463,28468],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28436,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28438,9784],{"class":49},[43,28440,98],{"class":97},[43,28442,11110],{"class":53},[43,28444,265],{"class":264},[43,28446,8286],{"class":268},[43,28448,265],{"class":264},[43,28450,59],{"class":53},[43,28452,276],{"class":264},[43,28454,8539],{"class":268},[43,28456,265],{"class":264},[43,28458,9928],{"class":53},[43,28460,28461],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28462,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28464,28465],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28466,28467],{"class":165},"# This causes an error\n",[43,28469,28470],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28471,28472],{"class":165},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28474,28475],{},"Safer version:",[34,28477,28479],{"className":36,"code":28478,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,28480,28481,28505,28509],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28482,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28484,9784],{"class":49},[43,28486,98],{"class":97},[43,28488,11110],{"class":53},[43,28490,265],{"class":264},[43,28492,8286],{"class":268},[43,28494,265],{"class":264},[43,28496,59],{"class":53},[43,28498,276],{"class":264},[43,28500,8539],{"class":268},[43,28502,265],{"class":264},[43,28504,9928],{"class":53},[43,28506,28507],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28508,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28510,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28512,142],{"class":141},[43,28514,145],{"class":53},[43,28516,9823],{"class":148},[43,28518,79],{"class":53},[43,28520,26865],{"class":148},[43,28522,145],{"class":53},[43,28524,265],{"class":264},[43,28526,9918],{"class":268},[43,28528,265],{"class":264},[43,28530,108],{"class":53},[43,28532,276],{"class":264},[43,28534,27397],{"class":268},[43,28536,265],{"class":264},[43,28538,5977],{"class":53},[43,28540,27433],{"class":165},[1499,28542,9071,28544,28546],{"id":28543},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,28545,13387],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[34,28548,28550],{"className":36,"code":28549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,28551,28552,28584,28588,28610,28614,28626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28553,28554,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28555,9784],{"class":49},[43,28557,98],{"class":97},[43,28559,11110],{"class":53},[43,28561,265],{"class":264},[43,28563,269],{"class":268},[43,28565,265],{"class":264},[43,28567,59],{"class":53},[43,28569,6113],{"class":104},[43,28571,108],{"class":53},[43,28573,276],{"class":264},[43,28575,279],{"class":268},[43,28577,265],{"class":264},[43,28579,59],{"class":53},[43,28581,1525],{"class":104},[43,28583,9928],{"class":53},[43,28585,28586],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28587,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28589,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28591,2836],{"class":49},[43,28593,98],{"class":97},[43,28595,15191],{"class":49},[43,28597,79],{"class":53},[43,28599,26865],{"class":148},[43,28601,145],{"class":53},[43,28603,265],{"class":264},[43,28605,269],{"class":268},[43,28607,265],{"class":264},[43,28609,346],{"class":53},[43,28611,28612],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28613,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28615,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,28617,142],{"class":141},[43,28619,145],{"class":53},[43,28621,2871],{"class":148},[43,28623,4272],{"class":53},[43,28625,28404],{"class":165},[43,28627,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,28629,142],{"class":141},[43,28631,145],{"class":53},[43,28633,9823],{"class":148},[43,28635,4272],{"class":53},[43,28637,28638],{"class":165},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28640,28641],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[81,28643,28645],{"id":28644},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28647,28648,28649,28651],{},"Problems with ",[18,28650,13193],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[389,28653,28654,28657,28666,28669],{},[392,28655,28656],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[392,28658,28659,28660,28663,28664],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28661,28662],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28665,26961],{},[392,28667,28668],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[392,28670,28671,28672,11713,28674],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28673,154],{},[18,28675,28676],{},"\"1\"",[14,28678,28679],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[34,28681,28683],{"className":36,"code":28682,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28684,28685,28709,28713,28743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28686,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28688,9784],{"class":49},[43,28690,98],{"class":97},[43,28692,11110],{"class":53},[43,28694,265],{"class":264},[43,28696,154],{"class":268},[43,28698,265],{"class":264},[43,28700,59],{"class":53},[43,28702,276],{"class":264},[43,28704,7201],{"class":268},[43,28706,265],{"class":264},[43,28708,9928],{"class":53},[43,28710,28711],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28712,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,28714,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28736,28738,28740],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28716,142],{"class":141},[43,28718,145],{"class":53},[43,28720,9823],{"class":148},[43,28722,79],{"class":53},[43,28724,26865],{"class":148},[43,28726,145],{"class":53},[43,28728,154],{"class":104},[43,28730,108],{"class":53},[43,28732,276],{"class":264},[43,28734,28735],{"class":268},"not found",[43,28737,265],{"class":264},[43,28739,5977],{"class":53},[43,28741,28742],{"class":165},"    # not found\n",[43,28744,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28746,142],{"class":141},[43,28748,145],{"class":53},[43,28750,9823],{"class":148},[43,28752,79],{"class":53},[43,28754,26865],{"class":148},[43,28756,145],{"class":53},[43,28758,265],{"class":264},[43,28760,154],{"class":268},[43,28762,265],{"class":264},[43,28764,108],{"class":53},[43,28766,276],{"class":264},[43,28768,28735],{"class":268},[43,28770,265],{"class":264},[43,28772,5977],{"class":53},[43,28774,28775],{"class":165},"  # one\n",[14,28777,28778,1233,28780,28782],{},[18,28779,154],{},[18,28781,28676],{}," are different keys.",[81,28784,9491],{"id":9490},[14,28786,1261,28787,28789],{},[18,28788,13387],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,28791,28793],{"className":36,"code":28792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28794,28795,28805,28819,28837,28867],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28796,28797,28799,28801,28803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28798,142],{"class":141},[43,28800,145],{"class":53},[43,28802,12071],{"class":148},[43,28804,346],{"class":53},[43,28806,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,28808,142],{"class":141},[43,28810,145],{"class":53},[43,28812,12071],{"class":148},[43,28814,79],{"class":53},[43,28816,17545],{"class":148},[43,28818,7811],{"class":53},[43,28820,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,28822,142],{"class":141},[43,28824,145],{"class":53},[43,28826,361],{"class":264},[43,28828,8286],{"class":268},[43,28830,361],{"class":264},[43,28832,21795],{"class":4491},[43,28834,12389],{"class":148},[43,28836,346],{"class":53},[43,28838,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,28840,142],{"class":141},[43,28842,145],{"class":53},[43,28844,12071],{"class":148},[43,28846,79],{"class":53},[43,28848,26865],{"class":148},[43,28850,145],{"class":53},[43,28852,361],{"class":264},[43,28854,8286],{"class":268},[43,28856,361],{"class":264},[43,28858,108],{"class":53},[43,28860,370],{"class":264},[43,28862,27397],{"class":268},[43,28864,361],{"class":264},[43,28866,2377],{"class":53},[43,28868,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,28870,142],{"class":141},[43,28872,145],{"class":53},[43,28874,3832],{"class":3510},[43,28876,145],{"class":53},[43,28878,12071],{"class":148},[43,28880,2377],{"class":53},[14,28882,21958],{},[389,28884,28885,28890,28895,28900,28906],{},[392,28886,28887,28889],{},[18,28888,13303],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[392,28891,28892,28894],{},[18,28893,21970],{}," shows all available keys",[392,28896,28897,28899],{},[18,28898,21976],{}," checks whether a key exists",[392,28901,28902,28905],{},[18,28903,28904],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[392,28907,28908,28910],{},[18,28909,13309],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28912,28913,28914,79],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[269,28915,10011],{"href":10010},[81,28917,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,28919,28921,28922,28924],{"id":28920},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28923,13387],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28926,28927],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1499,28929,28931],{"id":28930},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28933,28934,27162,28936,28938,28939,28941],{},[18,28935,26961],{},[18,28937,20309],{},". ",[18,28940,26965],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1499,28943,13328,28945,15520],{"id":28944},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28946,13387],{},[14,28948,28949],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1499,28951,28953,28954,28956],{"id":28952},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28955,13387],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28958,28959,28960,28962,28963,79],{},"Not with ",[18,28961,13193],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[269,28964,28965],{"href":13204},[18,28966,13394],{},[1499,28968,5794,28970,1233,28972,2490],{"id":28969},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28971,11360],{},[18,28973,13387],{},[14,28975,28976,28978,28979,28981],{},[18,28977,11360],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28980,13387],{}," reads and removes it.",[81,28983,2497],{"id":2496},[389,28985,28986,28992,28999,29003,29007,29011],{},[392,28987,28988],{},[269,28989,28990],{"href":11356},[18,28991,20290],{},[392,28993,28994],{},[269,28995,28996],{"href":13204},[18,28997,28998],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[392,29000,29001],{},[269,29002,13411],{"href":13197},[392,29004,29005],{},[269,29006,22079],{"href":17219},[392,29008,29009],{},[269,29010,11883],{"href":11695},[392,29012,29013],{},[269,29014,29016],{"href":29015},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2536,29018,29019],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":29021},[29022,29023,29025,29026,29027,29029,29036,29043,29053,29054,29055,29066],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":26972,"depth":131,"text":29024},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":27457,"depth":131,"text":29028},"When to use pop()",{"id":27644,"depth":131,"text":29030,"children":29031},"pop() vs del",[29032,29034],{"id":27659,"depth":138,"text":29033},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27762,"depth":138,"text":29035},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27865,"depth":131,"text":29037,"children":29038},"How to avoid KeyError",[29039,29040,29041],{"id":27874,"depth":138,"text":27875},{"id":27970,"depth":138,"text":27971},{"id":28078,"depth":138,"text":29042},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":29044},[29045,29047,29049,29051],{"id":28188,"depth":138,"text":29046},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28321,"depth":138,"text":29048},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28426,"depth":138,"text":29050},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28543,"depth":138,"text":29052},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28644,"depth":131,"text":28645},{"id":9490,"depth":131,"text":9491},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":29056},[29057,29059,29060,29062,29064],{"id":28920,"depth":138,"text":29058},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28930,"depth":138,"text":28931},{"id":28944,"depth":138,"text":29061},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28952,"depth":138,"text":29063},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28969,"depth":138,"text":29065},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26793,"description":29067},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29074,"title":28998,"body":29075,"description":31015,"extension":2572,"meta":31016,"navigation":134,"path":31017,"seo":31018,"stem":31019,"__hash__":31020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29076,"toc":30979},[29077,29082,29087,29090,29098,29108,29110,29199,29203,29252,29257,29262,29266,29282,29285,29287,29302,29304,29320,29327,29331,29337,29346,29348,29417,29421,29442,29445,29464,29467,29490,29492,29495,29610,29614,29673,29680,29684,29690,29815,29819,29869,29872,29876,29883,29885,29948,29952,29973,29976,29985,30000,30008,30015,30019,30031,30035,30046,30048,30194,30198,30257,30264,30269,30273,30279,30302,30307,30326,30330,30401,30408,30481,30490,30495,30500,30511,30514,30651,30656,30688,30693,30695,30699,30759,30762,30819,30822,30865,30867,30872,30878,30884,30887,30894,30902,30907,30910,30917,30925,30927,30976],[10,29078,11939,29080,11943],{"id":29079},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,29081,13394],{},[14,29083,1242,29084,29086],{},[18,29085,13394],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,29088,29089],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[389,29091,29092,29095],{},[392,29093,29094],{},"remove an item",[392,29096,29097],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,29099,29100,29101,29103,29104,29107],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,29102,13394],{}," removes the ",[76,29105,29106],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[81,29109,84],{"id":83},[34,29111,29113],{"className":36,"code":29112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,29114,29115,29159,29175,29179,29189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29116,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29118,9784],{"class":49},[43,29120,98],{"class":97},[43,29122,11110],{"class":53},[43,29124,265],{"class":264},[43,29126,269],{"class":268},[43,29128,265],{"class":264},[43,29130,59],{"class":53},[43,29132,6113],{"class":104},[43,29134,108],{"class":53},[43,29136,276],{"class":264},[43,29138,279],{"class":268},[43,29140,265],{"class":264},[43,29142,59],{"class":53},[43,29144,1525],{"class":104},[43,29146,108],{"class":53},[43,29148,276],{"class":264},[43,29150,288],{"class":268},[43,29152,265],{"class":264},[43,29154,59],{"class":53},[43,29156,1530],{"class":104},[43,29158,9928],{"class":53},[43,29160,29161,29164,29166,29168,29170,29173],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29162,29163],{"class":49},"item ",[43,29165,98],{"class":97},[43,29167,15191],{"class":49},[43,29169,79],{"class":53},[43,29171,29172],{"class":148},"popitem",[43,29174,9262],{"class":53},[43,29176,29177],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,29178,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29180,29181,29183,29185,29187],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,29182,142],{"class":141},[43,29184,145],{"class":53},[43,29186,23933],{"class":148},[43,29188,346],{"class":53},[43,29190,29191,29193,29195,29197],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,29192,142],{"class":141},[43,29194,145],{"class":53},[43,29196,9823],{"class":148},[43,29198,346],{"class":53},[14,29200,29201],{},[76,29202,349],{},[34,29204,29206],{"className":36,"code":29205,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,29207,29208,29224],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29209,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29211,145],{"class":53},[43,29213,361],{"class":264},[43,29215,288],{"class":268},[43,29217,361],{"class":264},[43,29219,108],{"class":53},[43,29221,1530],{"class":104},[43,29223,346],{"class":53},[43,29225,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29227,9897],{"class":53},[43,29229,361],{"class":264},[43,29231,269],{"class":268},[43,29233,361],{"class":264},[43,29235,59],{"class":53},[43,29237,6113],{"class":104},[43,29239,108],{"class":53},[43,29241,370],{"class":264},[43,29243,279],{"class":268},[43,29245,361],{"class":264},[43,29247,59],{"class":53},[43,29249,1525],{"class":104},[43,29251,9928],{"class":53},[14,29253,29254,29256],{},[18,29255,13394],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[81,29258,4289,29260,4292],{"id":29259},"what-popitem-does",[18,29261,13394],{},[14,29263,29264,59],{},[18,29265,13394],{},[389,29267,29268,29271,29276,29279],{},[392,29269,29270],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[392,29272,29273,29274],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,29275,22277],{},[392,29277,29278],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[392,29280,29281],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,29283,29284],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[81,29286,2763],{"id":2762},[34,29288,29290],{"className":36,"code":29289,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,29291,29292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29293,29294,29296,29298,29300],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29295,16227],{"class":49},[43,29297,79],{"class":53},[43,29299,29172],{"class":148},[43,29301,9262],{"class":53},[14,29303,12080],{},[389,29305,29306,29314,29317],{},[392,29307,29308,29310,29311],{},[18,29309,13394],{}," takes ",[76,29312,29313],{},"no arguments",[392,29315,29316],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[392,29318,29319],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,29321,29322,29323,7247],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[269,29324,29325],{"href":13190},[18,29326,13387],{},[81,29328,29330],{"id":29329},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,29332,29333,29334,29336],{},"The value returned by ",[18,29335,13394],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29338,29339,29340,29343],"ol",{},[392,29341,29342],{},"the key",[392,29344,29345],{},"the value",[14,29347,494],{},[34,29349,29351],{"className":36,"code":29350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,29352,29353,29389,29403,29407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29354,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29356,13829],{"class":49},[43,29358,98],{"class":97},[43,29360,11110],{"class":53},[43,29362,265],{"class":264},[43,29364,8286],{"class":268},[43,29366,265],{"class":264},[43,29368,59],{"class":53},[43,29370,276],{"class":264},[43,29372,5619],{"class":268},[43,29374,265],{"class":264},[43,29376,108],{"class":53},[43,29378,276],{"class":264},[43,29380,9918],{"class":268},[43,29382,265],{"class":264},[43,29384,59],{"class":53},[43,29386,9925],{"class":104},[43,29388,9928],{"class":53},[43,29390,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29392,2836],{"class":49},[43,29394,98],{"class":97},[43,29396,13872],{"class":49},[43,29398,79],{"class":53},[43,29400,29172],{"class":148},[43,29402,9262],{"class":53},[43,29404,29405],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,29406,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29408,29409,29411,29413,29415],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,29410,142],{"class":141},[43,29412,145],{"class":53},[43,29414,2871],{"class":148},[43,29416,346],{"class":53},[14,29418,29419],{},[76,29420,349],{},[34,29422,29424],{"className":36,"code":29423,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('age', 25)\n",[18,29425,29426],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29427,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29429,145],{"class":53},[43,29431,361],{"class":264},[43,29433,9918],{"class":268},[43,29435,361],{"class":264},[43,29437,108],{"class":53},[43,29439,9925],{"class":104},[43,29441,346],{"class":53},[14,29443,29444],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[34,29446,29448],{"className":36,"code":29447,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,29449,29450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29451,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29453,2836],{"class":49},[43,29455,98],{"class":97},[43,29457,13872],{"class":49},[43,29459,79],{"class":53},[43,29461,29172],{"class":148},[43,29463,9262],{"class":53},[14,29465,29466],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[34,29468,29470],{"className":36,"code":29469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,29471,29472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29473,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29475,15466],{"class":49},[43,29477,108],{"class":53},[43,29479,22206],{"class":49},[43,29481,98],{"class":97},[43,29483,13872],{"class":49},[43,29485,79],{"class":53},[43,29487,29172],{"class":148},[43,29489,9262],{"class":53},[81,29491,12097],{"id":12096},[14,29493,29494],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[34,29496,29498],{"className":36,"code":29497,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,29499,29500,29548,29552,29567,29571,29591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29501,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29532,29534,29536,29539,29541,29543,29546],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29503,5679],{"class":49},[43,29505,98],{"class":97},[43,29507,11110],{"class":53},[43,29509,265],{"class":264},[43,29511,29512],{"class":268},"Tom",[43,29514,265],{"class":264},[43,29516,59],{"class":53},[43,29518,5691],{"class":104},[43,29520,108],{"class":53},[43,29522,276],{"class":264},[43,29524,13505],{"class":268},[43,29526,265],{"class":264},[43,29528,59],{"class":53},[43,29530,29531],{"class":104}," 95",[43,29533,108],{"class":53},[43,29535,276],{"class":264},[43,29537,29538],{"class":268},"Leo",[43,29540,265],{"class":264},[43,29542,59],{"class":53},[43,29544,29545],{"class":104}," 88",[43,29547,9928],{"class":53},[43,29549,29550],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29551,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29553,29554,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,29555,29556],{"class":49},"removed_pair ",[43,29558,98],{"class":97},[43,29560,5725],{"class":49},[43,29562,79],{"class":53},[43,29564,29172],{"class":148},[43,29566,9262],{"class":53},[43,29568,29569],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,29570,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579,29582,29584,29586,29589],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,29574,142],{"class":141},[43,29576,145],{"class":53},[43,29578,265],{"class":264},[43,29580,29581],{"class":268},"Removed:",[43,29583,265],{"class":264},[43,29585,108],{"class":53},[43,29587,29588],{"class":148}," removed_pair",[43,29590,346],{"class":53},[43,29592,29593,29595,29597,29599,29602,29604,29606,29608],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,29594,142],{"class":141},[43,29596,145],{"class":53},[43,29598,265],{"class":264},[43,29600,29601],{"class":268},"After removal:",[43,29603,265],{"class":264},[43,29605,108],{"class":53},[43,29607,5725],{"class":148},[43,29609,346],{"class":53},[14,29611,29612],{},[76,29613,349],{},[34,29615,29617],{"className":36,"code":29616,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29618,29619,29640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29620,29621,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29622,29623],{"class":49},"Removed",[43,29625,59],{"class":53},[43,29627,9855],{"class":53},[43,29629,361],{"class":264},[43,29631,29538],{"class":268},[43,29633,361],{"class":264},[43,29635,108],{"class":53},[43,29637,29545],{"class":104},[43,29639,346],{"class":53},[43,29641,29642,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669,29671],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29643,29644],{"class":49},"After removal",[43,29646,59],{"class":53},[43,29648,11110],{"class":53},[43,29650,361],{"class":264},[43,29652,29512],{"class":268},[43,29654,361],{"class":264},[43,29656,59],{"class":53},[43,29658,5691],{"class":104},[43,29660,108],{"class":53},[43,29662,370],{"class":264},[43,29664,13505],{"class":268},[43,29666,361],{"class":264},[43,29668,59],{"class":53},[43,29670,29531],{"class":104},[43,29672,9928],{"class":53},[14,29674,29675,29676,29679],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29677,29678],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[81,29681,29683],{"id":29682},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29685,29686,29687,29689],{},"Because ",[18,29688,13394],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[34,29691,29693],{"className":36,"code":29692,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29694,29695,29731,29735,29754,29758,29777,29796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29696,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29698,16070],{"class":49},[43,29700,98],{"class":97},[43,29702,11110],{"class":53},[43,29704,265],{"class":264},[43,29706,16081],{"class":268},[43,29708,265],{"class":264},[43,29710,59],{"class":53},[43,29712,276],{"class":264},[43,29714,16090],{"class":268},[43,29716,265],{"class":264},[43,29718,108],{"class":53},[43,29720,276],{"class":264},[43,29722,16101],{"class":268},[43,29724,265],{"class":264},[43,29726,59],{"class":53},[43,29728,27531],{"class":104},[43,29730,9928],{"class":53},[43,29732,29733],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29734,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29748,29750,29752],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,29738,15466],{"class":49},[43,29740,108],{"class":53},[43,29742,22206],{"class":49},[43,29744,98],{"class":97},[43,29746,29747],{"class":49}," book",[43,29749,79],{"class":53},[43,29751,29172],{"class":148},[43,29753,9262],{"class":53},[43,29755,29756],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,29757,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766,29769,29771,29773,29775],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,29761,142],{"class":141},[43,29763,145],{"class":53},[43,29765,265],{"class":264},[43,29767,29768],{"class":268},"Key:",[43,29770,265],{"class":264},[43,29772,108],{"class":53},[43,29774,22201],{"class":148},[43,29776,346],{"class":53},[43,29778,29779,29781,29783,29785,29788,29790,29792,29794],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,29780,142],{"class":141},[43,29782,145],{"class":53},[43,29784,265],{"class":264},[43,29786,29787],{"class":268},"Value:",[43,29789,265],{"class":264},[43,29791,108],{"class":53},[43,29793,9051],{"class":148},[43,29795,346],{"class":53},[43,29797,29798,29800,29802,29804,29807,29809,29811,29813],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,29799,142],{"class":141},[43,29801,145],{"class":53},[43,29803,265],{"class":264},[43,29805,29806],{"class":268},"Dictionary:",[43,29808,265],{"class":264},[43,29810,108],{"class":53},[43,29812,29747],{"class":148},[43,29814,346],{"class":53},[14,29816,29817],{},[76,29818,349],{},[34,29820,29822],{"className":36,"code":29821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29823,29824,29834,29844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29825,29826,29829,29831],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29827,29828],{"class":49},"Key",[43,29830,59],{"class":53},[43,29832,29833],{"class":49}," pages\n",[43,29835,29836,29839,29841],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29837,29838],{"class":49},"Value",[43,29840,59],{"class":53},[43,29842,29843],{"class":104}," 200\n",[43,29845,29846,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,29847,29848],{"class":49},"Dictionary",[43,29850,59],{"class":53},[43,29852,11110],{"class":53},[43,29854,361],{"class":264},[43,29856,16081],{"class":268},[43,29858,361],{"class":264},[43,29860,59],{"class":53},[43,29862,370],{"class":264},[43,29864,16090],{"class":268},[43,29866,361],{"class":264},[43,29868,9928],{"class":53},[14,29870,29871],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[81,29873,29875],{"id":29874},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29877,29878,29879,29103,29881,79],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29880,13394],{},[76,29882,29106],{},[14,29884,494],{},[34,29886,29888],{"className":36,"code":29887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29889,29890,29934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29891,29892,29894,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904,29906,29908,29910,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930,29932],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29893,9784],{"class":49},[43,29895,98],{"class":97},[43,29897,11110],{"class":53},[43,29899,265],{"class":264},[43,29901,2780],{"class":268},[43,29903,265],{"class":264},[43,29905,59],{"class":53},[43,29907,6113],{"class":104},[43,29909,108],{"class":53},[43,29911,276],{"class":264},[43,29913,12368],{"class":268},[43,29915,265],{"class":264},[43,29917,59],{"class":53},[43,29919,1525],{"class":104},[43,29921,108],{"class":53},[43,29923,276],{"class":264},[43,29925,22699],{"class":268},[43,29927,265],{"class":264},[43,29929,59],{"class":53},[43,29931,1530],{"class":104},[43,29933,9928],{"class":53},[43,29935,29936,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,29937,142],{"class":141},[43,29939,145],{"class":53},[43,29941,9823],{"class":148},[43,29943,79],{"class":53},[43,29945,29172],{"class":148},[43,29947,7811],{"class":53},[14,29949,29950],{},[76,29951,349],{},[34,29953,29955],{"className":36,"code":29954,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29956,29957],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29958,29959,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29960,145],{"class":53},[43,29962,361],{"class":264},[43,29964,22699],{"class":268},[43,29966,361],{"class":264},[43,29968,108],{"class":53},[43,29970,1530],{"class":104},[43,29972,346],{"class":53},[14,29974,29975],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29977,29978,29979,29981,29982,29984],{},"As a beginner, do ",[76,29980,1957],{}," think of ",[18,29983,13394],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29986,29987,29988,21,29992,25,29996,79],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[269,29989,29990],{"href":17696},[18,29991,17699],{},[269,29993,29994],{"href":17684},[18,29995,17687],{},[269,29997,29998],{"href":17690},[18,29999,17693],{},[81,30001,30003,30004,1233,30006],{"id":30002},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,30005,13394],{},[18,30007,13387],{},[14,30009,30010,1233,30012,30014],{},[18,30011,13394],{},[18,30013,13387],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1499,30016,30017],{"id":29172},[18,30018,13394],{},[389,30020,30021,30024,30027],{},[392,30022,30023],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[392,30025,30026],{},"does not need a key argument",[392,30028,4304,30029],{},[18,30030,22277],{},[1499,30032,30033],{"id":26865},[18,30034,13387],{},[389,30036,30037,30040,30043],{},[392,30038,30039],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[392,30041,30042],{},"needs the key name",[392,30044,30045],{},"returns only the value",[14,30047,494],{},[34,30049,30051],{"className":36,"code":30050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,30052,30053,30097,30101,30115,30135,30139,30161,30180,30184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30054,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30056,9784],{"class":49},[43,30058,98],{"class":97},[43,30060,11110],{"class":53},[43,30062,265],{"class":264},[43,30064,269],{"class":268},[43,30066,265],{"class":264},[43,30068,59],{"class":53},[43,30070,6113],{"class":104},[43,30072,108],{"class":53},[43,30074,276],{"class":264},[43,30076,279],{"class":268},[43,30078,265],{"class":264},[43,30080,59],{"class":53},[43,30082,1525],{"class":104},[43,30084,108],{"class":53},[43,30086,276],{"class":264},[43,30088,288],{"class":268},[43,30090,265],{"class":264},[43,30092,59],{"class":53},[43,30094,1530],{"class":104},[43,30096,9928],{"class":53},[43,30098,30099],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30100,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30102,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30104,29163],{"class":49},[43,30106,98],{"class":97},[43,30108,15191],{"class":49},[43,30110,79],{"class":53},[43,30112,29172],{"class":148},[43,30114,9262],{"class":53},[43,30116,30117,30119,30121,30123,30126,30128,30130,30133],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,30118,142],{"class":141},[43,30120,145],{"class":53},[43,30122,265],{"class":264},[43,30124,30125],{"class":268},"popitem():",[43,30127,265],{"class":264},[43,30129,108],{"class":53},[43,30131,30132],{"class":148}," item",[43,30134,346],{"class":53},[43,30136,30137],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,30138,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30140,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,30142,3054],{"class":49},[43,30144,98],{"class":97},[43,30146,15191],{"class":49},[43,30148,79],{"class":53},[43,30150,26865],{"class":148},[43,30152,145],{"class":53},[43,30154,265],{"class":264},[43,30156,269],{"class":268},[43,30158,265],{"class":264},[43,30160,346],{"class":53},[43,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169,30172,30174,30176,30178],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,30164,142],{"class":141},[43,30166,145],{"class":53},[43,30168,265],{"class":264},[43,30170,30171],{"class":268},"pop('a'):",[43,30173,265],{"class":264},[43,30175,108],{"class":53},[43,30177,9051],{"class":148},[43,30179,346],{"class":53},[43,30181,30182],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,30183,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30185,30186,30188,30190,30192],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,30187,142],{"class":141},[43,30189,145],{"class":53},[43,30191,9823],{"class":148},[43,30193,346],{"class":53},[14,30195,30196],{},[76,30197,349],{},[34,30199,30201],{"className":36,"code":30200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,30202,30203,30224,30241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30204,30205,30207,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30206,29172],{"class":148},[43,30208,30209],{"class":53},"():",[43,30211,9855],{"class":53},[43,30213,361],{"class":264},[43,30215,288],{"class":268},[43,30217,361],{"class":264},[43,30219,108],{"class":53},[43,30221,1530],{"class":104},[43,30223,346],{"class":53},[43,30225,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30227,26865],{"class":148},[43,30229,145],{"class":53},[43,30231,361],{"class":264},[43,30233,269],{"class":268},[43,30235,361],{"class":264},[43,30237,17074],{"class":53},[43,30239,30240],{"class":104}," 1\n",[43,30242,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251,30253,30255],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30244,9897],{"class":53},[43,30246,361],{"class":264},[43,30248,279],{"class":268},[43,30250,361],{"class":264},[43,30252,59],{"class":53},[43,30254,1525],{"class":104},[43,30256,9928],{"class":53},[14,30258,230,30259,30263],{},[269,30260,30261],{"href":13190},[18,30262,13387],{}," when you know the key.",[14,30265,230,30266,30268],{},[18,30267,13394],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[81,30270,30272],{"id":30271},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,30274,30275,30276,30278],{},"Calling ",[18,30277,13394],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[34,30280,30282],{"className":36,"code":30281,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,30283,30284,30292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30285,30286,30288,30290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30287,9784],{"class":49},[43,30289,98],{"class":97},[43,30291,10457],{"class":53},[43,30293,30294,30296,30298,30300],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30295,9823],{"class":49},[43,30297,79],{"class":53},[43,30299,29172],{"class":148},[43,30301,9262],{"class":53},[14,30303,30304],{},[76,30305,30306],{},"Error:",[34,30308,30310],{"className":36,"code":30309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,30311,30312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30313,30314,30316,30318,30320,30323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30315,20309],{"class":3510},[43,30317,59],{"class":53},[43,30319,370],{"class":264},[43,30321,30322],{"class":268},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[43,30324,30325],{"class":264},"'\n",[1499,30327,30329],{"id":30328},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[34,30331,30333],{"className":36,"code":30332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,30334,30335,30343,30347,30355,30370,30380,30386],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30336,30337,30339,30341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30338,9784],{"class":49},[43,30340,98],{"class":97},[43,30342,10457],{"class":53},[43,30344,30345],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30346,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30348,30349,30351,30353],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30350,7614],{"class":4491},[43,30352,15191],{"class":49},[43,30354,7009],{"class":53},[43,30356,30357,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,30358,30359],{"class":49},"    item ",[43,30361,98],{"class":97},[43,30363,15191],{"class":49},[43,30365,79],{"class":53},[43,30367,29172],{"class":148},[43,30369,9262],{"class":53},[43,30371,30372,30374,30376,30378],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,30373,8687],{"class":141},[43,30375,145],{"class":53},[43,30377,23933],{"class":148},[43,30379,346],{"class":53},[43,30381,30382,30384],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,30383,28058],{"class":4491},[43,30385,7009],{"class":53},[43,30387,30388,30390,30392,30394,30397,30399],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,30389,8687],{"class":141},[43,30391,145],{"class":53},[43,30393,265],{"class":264},[43,30395,30396],{"class":268},"Dictionary is empty",[43,30398,265],{"class":264},[43,30400,346],{"class":53},[1499,30402,30404,30405],{"id":30403},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,30406,30407],{},"try-except",[34,30409,30411],{"className":36,"code":30410,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,30412,30413,30421,30425,30432,30446,30456,30466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30414,30415,30417,30419],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30416,9784],{"class":49},[43,30418,98],{"class":97},[43,30420,10457],{"class":53},[43,30422,30423],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30424,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30426,30427,30430],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30428,30429],{"class":4491},"try",[43,30431,7009],{"class":53},[43,30433,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,30435,30359],{"class":49},[43,30437,98],{"class":97},[43,30439,15191],{"class":49},[43,30441,79],{"class":53},[43,30443,29172],{"class":148},[43,30445,9262],{"class":53},[43,30447,30448,30450,30452,30454],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,30449,8687],{"class":141},[43,30451,145],{"class":53},[43,30453,23933],{"class":148},[43,30455,346],{"class":53},[43,30457,30458,30461,30464],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,30459,30460],{"class":4491},"except",[43,30462,30463],{"class":3510}," KeyError",[43,30465,7009],{"class":53},[43,30467,30468,30470,30472,30474,30477,30479],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,30469,8687],{"class":141},[43,30471,145],{"class":53},[43,30473,265],{"class":264},[43,30475,30476],{"class":268},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[43,30478,265],{"class":264},[43,30480,346],{"class":53},[14,30482,30483,30484,79],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[269,30485,26303,30487],{"href":30486},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,30488,30489],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[81,30491,5576,30493],{"id":30492},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,30494,13394],{},[14,30496,30497,30499],{},[18,30498,13394],{}," is useful when:",[389,30501,30502,30505,30508],{},[392,30503,30504],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[392,30506,30507],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[392,30509,30510],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30512,30513],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[34,30515,30517],{"className":36,"code":30516,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,30518,30519,30528,30548,30568,30586,30590,30594,30604,30623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30520,30521,30524,30526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30522,30523],{"class":49},"tasks ",[43,30525,98],{"class":97},[43,30527,12115],{"class":53},[43,30529,30530,30532,30535,30537,30539,30541,30544,30546],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30531,12120],{"class":264},[43,30533,30534],{"class":268},"first",[43,30536,265],{"class":264},[43,30538,59],{"class":53},[43,30540,276],{"class":264},[43,30542,30543],{"class":268},"wash dishes",[43,30545,265],{"class":264},[43,30547,12136],{"class":53},[43,30549,30550,30552,30555,30557,30559,30561,30564,30566],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30551,12120],{"class":264},[43,30553,30554],{"class":268},"second",[43,30556,265],{"class":264},[43,30558,59],{"class":53},[43,30560,276],{"class":264},[43,30562,30563],{"class":268},"do homework",[43,30565,265],{"class":264},[43,30567,12136],{"class":53},[43,30569,30570,30572,30575,30577,30579,30581,30584],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,30571,12120],{"class":264},[43,30573,30574],{"class":268},"third",[43,30576,265],{"class":264},[43,30578,59],{"class":53},[43,30580,276],{"class":264},[43,30582,30583],{"class":268},"read book",[43,30585,3969],{"class":264},[43,30587,30588],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,30589,9928],{"class":53},[43,30591,30592],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,30593,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30595,30596,30599,30602],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,30597,30598],{"class":4491},"while",[43,30600,30601],{"class":49}," tasks",[43,30603,7009],{"class":53},[43,30605,30606,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,30607,30608],{"class":49},"    key",[43,30610,108],{"class":53},[43,30612,22206],{"class":49},[43,30614,98],{"class":97},[43,30616,30601],{"class":49},[43,30618,79],{"class":53},[43,30620,29172],{"class":148},[43,30622,9262],{"class":53},[43,30624,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,30626,8687],{"class":141},[43,30628,145],{"class":53},[43,30630,22916],{"class":2671},[43,30632,265],{"class":268},[43,30634,9897],{"class":104},[43,30636,15466],{"class":148},[43,30638,22925],{"class":104},[43,30640,22928],{"class":268},[43,30642,9897],{"class":104},[43,30644,3080],{"class":148},[43,30646,22925],{"class":104},[43,30648,265],{"class":268},[43,30650,346],{"class":53},[14,30652,30653],{},[76,30654,30655],{},"Possible output:",[34,30657,30659],{"className":36,"code":30658,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30660,30661,30670,30679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30662,30663,30665,30667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30664,30574],{"class":49},[43,30666,59],{"class":53},[43,30668,30669],{"class":49}," read book\n",[43,30671,30672,30674,30676],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30673,30554],{"class":49},[43,30675,59],{"class":53},[43,30677,30678],{"class":49}," do homework\n",[43,30680,30681,30683,30685],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30682,30534],{"class":49},[43,30684,59],{"class":53},[43,30686,30687],{"class":49}," wash dishes\n",[14,30689,29686,30690,30692],{},[18,30691,13394],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[81,30694,3438],{"id":3437},[14,30696,15358,30697,59],{},[18,30698,13394],{},[389,30700,30701,30715,30734,30745],{},[392,30702,30703,30708],{},[76,30704,30275,30705,30707],{},[18,30706,13394],{}," on an empty dictionary",[389,30709,30710],{},[392,30711,30712,30713,79],{},"This raises ",[18,30714,20309],{},[392,30716,30717,30722],{},[76,30718,9071,30719,30721],{},[18,30720,13394],{}," to remove a specific key",[389,30723,30724,30727],{},[392,30725,30726],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[392,30728,230,30729,30733],{},[269,30730,30731],{"href":13190},[18,30732,13387],{}," if you need that.",[392,30735,30736,30740],{},[76,30737,1849,30738,28324],{},[18,30739,13394],{},[389,30741,30742],{},[392,30743,30744],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[392,30746,30747,30750],{},[76,30748,30749],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[389,30751,30752],{},[392,30753,30754,22597,30756,30758],{},[18,30755,13394],{},[18,30757,22277],{}," tuple.",[14,30760,30761],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[34,30763,30765],{"className":36,"code":30764,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30766,30767,30777,30791,30795,30809],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30768,30769,30771,30773,30775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30770,142],{"class":141},[43,30772,145],{"class":53},[43,30774,12071],{"class":148},[43,30776,346],{"class":53},[43,30778,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30780,142],{"class":141},[43,30782,145],{"class":53},[43,30784,2370],{"class":141},[43,30786,145],{"class":53},[43,30788,12071],{"class":148},[43,30790,2377],{"class":53},[43,30792,30793],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30794,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,30798,29163],{"class":49},[43,30800,98],{"class":97},[43,30802,12389],{"class":49},[43,30804,79],{"class":53},[43,30806,29172],{"class":148},[43,30808,9262],{"class":53},[43,30810,30811,30813,30815,30817],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,30812,142],{"class":141},[43,30814,145],{"class":53},[43,30816,23933],{"class":148},[43,30818,346],{"class":53},[14,30820,30821],{},"Or with unpacking:",[34,30823,30825],{"className":36,"code":30824,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30826,30827,30845,30855],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30828,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30830,15466],{"class":49},[43,30832,108],{"class":53},[43,30834,22206],{"class":49},[43,30836,98],{"class":97},[43,30838,12389],{"class":49},[43,30840,79],{"class":53},[43,30842,29172],{"class":148},[43,30844,9262],{"class":53},[43,30846,30847,30849,30851,30853],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,30848,142],{"class":141},[43,30850,145],{"class":53},[43,30852,15466],{"class":148},[43,30854,346],{"class":53},[43,30856,30857,30859,30861,30863],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,30858,142],{"class":141},[43,30860,145],{"class":53},[43,30862,3080],{"class":148},[43,30864,346],{"class":53},[81,30866,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,30868,2476,30870,5759],{"id":30869},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30871,13394],{},[14,30873,30874,30875,79],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30876,30877],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1499,30879,13328,30881,30883],{"id":30880},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30882,13394],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30885,30886],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1499,30888,30890,30891,30893],{"id":30889},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30892,13394],{}," removes?",[14,30895,30896,30897,30901],{},"No. Use ",[269,30898,30899],{"href":13190},[18,30900,13387],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1499,30903,13328,30905,15520],{"id":30904},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30906,13394],{},[14,30908,30909],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1499,30911,30913,30914,30916],{"id":30912},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30915,13394],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30918,30919,30920,30922,30923,79],{},"It raises ",[18,30921,20309],{}," with the message ",[18,30924,30322],{},[81,30926,2497],{"id":2496},[389,30928,30929,30936,30942,30948,30954,30961,30965,30969],{},[392,30930,30931],{},[269,30932,30933,30935],{"href":13190},[18,30934,13387],{}," method for dictionaries",[392,30937,30938],{},[269,30939,30940,30935],{"href":17696},[18,30941,17699],{},[392,30943,30944],{},[269,30945,30946,30935],{"href":17684},[18,30947,17687],{},[392,30949,30950],{},[269,30951,30952,30935],{"href":17690},[18,30953,17693],{},[392,30955,30956],{},[269,30957,30959,30935],{"href":30958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30960,11942],{},[392,30962,30963],{},[269,30964,13411],{"href":13197},[392,30966,30967],{},[269,30968,22079],{"href":17219},[392,30970,30971],{},[269,30972,30973,30974],{"href":30486},"Fix ",[18,30975,30489],{},[2536,30977,30978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":30980},[30981,30982,30984,30985,30986,30987,30988,30989,30994,30999,31001,31002,31014],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":29259,"depth":131,"text":30983},"What popitem() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":29329,"depth":131,"text":29330},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":29682,"depth":131,"text":29683},{"id":29874,"depth":131,"text":29875},{"id":30002,"depth":131,"text":30990,"children":30991},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30992,30993],{"id":29172,"depth":138,"text":13394},{"id":26865,"depth":138,"text":13387},{"id":30271,"depth":131,"text":30272,"children":30995},[30996,30997],{"id":30328,"depth":138,"text":30329},{"id":30403,"depth":138,"text":30998},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30492,"depth":131,"text":31000},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":31003},[31004,31006,31008,31010,31012],{"id":30869,"depth":138,"text":31005},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30880,"depth":138,"text":31007},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30889,"depth":138,"text":31009},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30904,"depth":138,"text":31011},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30912,"depth":138,"text":31013},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28998,"description":31015},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31022,"title":31023,"body":31024,"description":32927,"extension":2572,"meta":32928,"navigation":134,"path":14657,"seo":32929,"stem":32930,"__hash__":32931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31025,"toc":32899},[31026,31031,31036,31039,31041,31138,31143,31148,31153,31156,31164,31167,31182,31184,31284,31286,31343,31347,31349,31352,31372,31377,31388,31391,31418,31421,31423,31480,31482,31503,31509,31514,31517,31528,31530,31638,31640,31693,31695,31707,31714,31720,31725,31728,31816,31818,31863,31866,31874,31877,31880,31949,31952,31955,31959,31962,32033,32035,32088,32091,32094,32097,32112,32115,32127,32130,32193,32195,32201,32203,32205,32284,32286,32327,32329,32394,32396,32433,32438,32443,32447,32461,32464,32587,32589,32674,32679,32681,32685,32707,32710,32790,32793,32812,32817,32819,32825,32830,32836,32839,32845,32848,32854,32859,32865,32871,32873,32896],[10,31027,11939,31029,11943],{"id":31028},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,31030,15578],{},[14,31032,1242,31033,31035],{},[18,31034,15578],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,31037,31038],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[81,31040,84],{"id":83},[34,31042,31044],{"className":36,"code":31043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31045,31046,31082,31123,31133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31047,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31049,13829],{"class":49},[43,31051,98],{"class":97},[43,31053,11110],{"class":53},[43,31055,265],{"class":264},[43,31057,8286],{"class":268},[43,31059,265],{"class":264},[43,31061,59],{"class":53},[43,31063,276],{"class":264},[43,31065,13505],{"class":268},[43,31067,265],{"class":264},[43,31069,108],{"class":53},[43,31071,276],{"class":264},[43,31073,9918],{"class":268},[43,31075,265],{"class":264},[43,31077,59],{"class":53},[43,31079,111],{"class":104},[43,31081,9928],{"class":53},[43,31083,31084,31086,31088,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31085,17928],{"class":49},[43,31087,79],{"class":53},[43,31089,31090],{"class":148},"update",[43,31092,6145],{"class":53},[43,31094,265],{"class":264},[43,31096,9918],{"class":268},[43,31098,265],{"class":264},[43,31100,59],{"class":53},[43,31102,31103],{"class":104}," 21",[43,31105,108],{"class":53},[43,31107,276],{"class":264},[43,31109,11028],{"class":268},[43,31111,265],{"class":264},[43,31113,59],{"class":53},[43,31115,276],{"class":264},[43,31117,16653],{"class":268},[43,31119,265],{"class":264},[43,31121,31122],{"class":53},"})\n",[43,31124,31125,31127,31129,31131],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31126,142],{"class":141},[43,31128,145],{"class":53},[43,31130,17928],{"class":148},[43,31132,346],{"class":53},[43,31134,31135],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,31136,31137],{"class":165},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,31139,230,31140,31142],{},[18,31141,15578],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[81,31144,4289,31146,4292],{"id":31145},"what-update-does",[18,31147,15578],{},[14,31149,31150,31152],{},[18,31151,15578],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,31154,31155],{},"It can do two main things:",[389,31157,31158,31161],{},[392,31159,31160],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[392,31162,31163],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,31165,31166],{},"Important things to know:",[389,31168,31169,31172,31175,31179],{},[392,31170,31171],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[392,31173,31174],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[392,31176,5762,31177],{},[18,31178,4391],{},[392,31180,31181],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,31183,494],{},[34,31185,31187],{"className":36,"code":31186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,31188,31189,31231,31274],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31190,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31227,31229],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31192,13488],{"class":49},[43,31194,98],{"class":97},[43,31196,11110],{"class":53},[43,31198,265],{"class":264},[43,31200,8286],{"class":268},[43,31202,265],{"class":264},[43,31204,59],{"class":53},[43,31206,276],{"class":264},[43,31208,31209],{"class":268},"Mira",[43,31211,265],{"class":264},[43,31213,108],{"class":53},[43,31215,276],{"class":264},[43,31217,20513],{"class":268},[43,31219,265],{"class":264},[43,31221,59],{"class":53},[43,31223,276],{"class":264},[43,31225,31226],{"class":268},"B",[43,31228,265],{"class":264},[43,31230,9928],{"class":53},[43,31232,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31270,31272],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31234,14251],{"class":49},[43,31236,79],{"class":53},[43,31238,31090],{"class":148},[43,31240,6145],{"class":53},[43,31242,265],{"class":264},[43,31244,20513],{"class":268},[43,31246,265],{"class":264},[43,31248,59],{"class":53},[43,31250,276],{"class":264},[43,31252,22867],{"class":268},[43,31254,265],{"class":264},[43,31256,108],{"class":53},[43,31258,276],{"class":264},[43,31260,11028],{"class":268},[43,31262,265],{"class":264},[43,31264,59],{"class":53},[43,31266,276],{"class":264},[43,31268,31269],{"class":268},"Quito",[43,31271,265],{"class":264},[43,31273,31122],{"class":53},[43,31275,31276,31278,31280,31282],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31277,142],{"class":141},[43,31279,145],{"class":53},[43,31281,14251],{"class":148},[43,31283,346],{"class":53},[14,31285,349],{},[34,31287,31289],{"className":36,"code":31288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,31290,31291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31292,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31294,9897],{"class":53},[43,31296,361],{"class":264},[43,31298,8286],{"class":268},[43,31300,361],{"class":264},[43,31302,59],{"class":53},[43,31304,370],{"class":264},[43,31306,31209],{"class":268},[43,31308,361],{"class":264},[43,31310,108],{"class":53},[43,31312,370],{"class":264},[43,31314,20513],{"class":268},[43,31316,361],{"class":264},[43,31318,59],{"class":53},[43,31320,370],{"class":264},[43,31322,22867],{"class":268},[43,31324,361],{"class":264},[43,31326,108],{"class":53},[43,31328,370],{"class":264},[43,31330,11028],{"class":268},[43,31332,361],{"class":264},[43,31334,59],{"class":53},[43,31336,370],{"class":264},[43,31338,31269],{"class":268},[43,31340,361],{"class":264},[43,31342,9928],{"class":53},[14,31344,9770,31345,79],{},[269,31346,25251],{"href":10010},[81,31348,2763],{"id":2762},[14,31350,31351],{},"The basic form is:",[34,31353,31355],{"className":36,"code":31354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,31356,31357],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31358,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31370],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31360,16227],{"class":49},[43,31362,79],{"class":53},[43,31364,31090],{"class":148},[43,31366,145],{"class":53},[43,31368,31369],{"class":148},"other",[43,31371,346],{"class":53},[14,31373,31374,31376],{},[18,31375,31369],{}," can be:",[389,31378,31379,31382,31385],{},[392,31380,31381],{},"Another dictionary",[392,31383,31384],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[392,31386,31387],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,31389,31390],{},"You can also use:",[34,31392,31394],{"className":36,"code":31393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,31395,31396],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31397,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31399,16227],{"class":49},[43,31401,79],{"class":53},[43,31403,31090],{"class":148},[43,31405,145],{"class":53},[43,31407,8286],{"class":9794},[43,31409,98],{"class":97},[43,31411,265],{"class":264},[43,31413,8295],{"class":268},[43,31415,265],{"class":264},[43,31417,346],{"class":53},[14,31419,31420],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31422,494],{},[34,31424,31426],{"className":36,"code":31425,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,31427,31428,31448,31470],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31429,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31431,9784],{"class":49},[43,31433,98],{"class":97},[43,31435,11110],{"class":53},[43,31437,265],{"class":264},[43,31439,269],{"class":268},[43,31441,265],{"class":264},[43,31443,59],{"class":53},[43,31445,6113],{"class":104},[43,31447,9928],{"class":53},[43,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31451,9823],{"class":49},[43,31453,79],{"class":53},[43,31455,31090],{"class":148},[43,31457,6145],{"class":53},[43,31459,265],{"class":264},[43,31461,269],{"class":268},[43,31463,265],{"class":264},[43,31465,59],{"class":53},[43,31467,977],{"class":104},[43,31469,31122],{"class":53},[43,31471,31472,31474,31476,31478],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31473,142],{"class":141},[43,31475,145],{"class":53},[43,31477,9823],{"class":148},[43,31479,346],{"class":53},[14,31481,349],{},[34,31483,31485],{"className":36,"code":31484,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,31486,31487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31488,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31490,9897],{"class":53},[43,31492,361],{"class":264},[43,31494,269],{"class":268},[43,31496,361],{"class":264},[43,31498,59],{"class":53},[43,31500,977],{"class":104},[43,31502,9928],{"class":53},[81,31504,2445,31506,31508],{"id":31505},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,31507,15578],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31510,31511,31512,79],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,31513,15578],{},[14,31515,31516],{},"It is useful when:",[389,31518,31519,31522,31525],{},[392,31520,31521],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[392,31523,31524],{},"Adding extra settings",[392,31526,31527],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31529,494],{},[34,31531,31533],{"className":36,"code":31532,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,31534,31535,31572,31609,31613,31628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31536,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31570],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31538,14450],{"class":49},[43,31540,98],{"class":97},[43,31542,11110],{"class":53},[43,31544,265],{"class":264},[43,31546,13118],{"class":268},[43,31548,265],{"class":264},[43,31550,59],{"class":53},[43,31552,276],{"class":264},[43,31554,21549],{"class":268},[43,31556,265],{"class":264},[43,31558,108],{"class":53},[43,31560,276],{"class":264},[43,31562,14475],{"class":268},[43,31564,265],{"class":264},[43,31566,59],{"class":53},[43,31568,31569],{"class":104}," 12",[43,31571,9928],{"class":53},[43,31573,31574,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31575,31576],{"class":49},"new_settings ",[43,31578,98],{"class":97},[43,31580,11110],{"class":53},[43,31582,265],{"class":264},[43,31584,14475],{"class":268},[43,31586,265],{"class":264},[43,31588,59],{"class":53},[43,31590,14482],{"class":104},[43,31592,108],{"class":53},[43,31594,276],{"class":264},[43,31596,20745],{"class":268},[43,31598,265],{"class":264},[43,31600,59],{"class":53},[43,31602,276],{"class":264},[43,31604,20779],{"class":268},[43,31606,265],{"class":264},[43,31608,9928],{"class":53},[43,31610,31611],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31612,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,31614,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31626],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,31616,14509],{"class":49},[43,31618,79],{"class":53},[43,31620,31090],{"class":148},[43,31622,145],{"class":53},[43,31624,31625],{"class":148},"new_settings",[43,31627,346],{"class":53},[43,31629,31630,31632,31634,31636],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,31631,142],{"class":141},[43,31633,145],{"class":53},[43,31635,14509],{"class":148},[43,31637,346],{"class":53},[14,31639,349],{},[34,31641,31643],{"className":36,"code":31642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31644,31645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31646,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31648,9897],{"class":53},[43,31650,361],{"class":264},[43,31652,13118],{"class":268},[43,31654,361],{"class":264},[43,31656,59],{"class":53},[43,31658,370],{"class":264},[43,31660,21549],{"class":268},[43,31662,361],{"class":264},[43,31664,108],{"class":53},[43,31666,370],{"class":264},[43,31668,14475],{"class":268},[43,31670,361],{"class":264},[43,31672,59],{"class":53},[43,31674,14482],{"class":104},[43,31676,108],{"class":53},[43,31678,370],{"class":264},[43,31680,20745],{"class":268},[43,31682,361],{"class":264},[43,31684,59],{"class":53},[43,31686,370],{"class":264},[43,31688,20779],{"class":268},[43,31690,361],{"class":264},[43,31692,9928],{"class":53},[14,31694,14034],{},[389,31696,31697,31702],{},[392,31698,31699,31701],{},[18,31700,14475],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[392,31703,31704,31706],{},[18,31705,20745],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31708,31709,31710,79],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[269,31711,31713],{"href":31712},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[81,31715,2445,31717,31719],{"id":31716},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31718,15578],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31721,31722,31724],{},[18,31723,15578],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31726,31727],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[34,31729,31731],{"className":36,"code":31730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31732,31733,31753,31788,31792,31806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31734,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31736,5679],{"class":49},[43,31738,98],{"class":97},[43,31740,11110],{"class":53},[43,31742,265],{"class":264},[43,31744,19039],{"class":268},[43,31746,265],{"class":264},[43,31748,59],{"class":53},[43,31750,20520],{"class":104},[43,31752,9928],{"class":53},[43,31754,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31756,9834],{"class":49},[43,31758,98],{"class":97},[43,31760,9839],{"class":53},[43,31762,265],{"class":264},[43,31764,19048],{"class":268},[43,31766,265],{"class":264},[43,31768,108],{"class":53},[43,31770,14132],{"class":104},[43,31772,9852],{"class":53},[43,31774,9855],{"class":53},[43,31776,265],{"class":264},[43,31778,31779],{"class":268},"english",[43,31781,265],{"class":264},[43,31783,108],{"class":53},[43,31785,29545],{"class":104},[43,31787,9868],{"class":53},[43,31789,31790],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31791,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,31795,17011],{"class":49},[43,31797,79],{"class":53},[43,31799,31090],{"class":148},[43,31801,145],{"class":53},[43,31803,9881],{"class":148},[43,31805,346],{"class":53},[43,31807,31808,31810,31812,31814],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,31809,142],{"class":141},[43,31811,145],{"class":53},[43,31813,17011],{"class":148},[43,31815,346],{"class":53},[14,31817,349],{},[34,31819,31821],{"className":36,"code":31820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31822,31823],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31826,9897],{"class":53},[43,31828,361],{"class":264},[43,31830,19039],{"class":268},[43,31832,361],{"class":264},[43,31834,59],{"class":53},[43,31836,20520],{"class":104},[43,31838,108],{"class":53},[43,31840,370],{"class":264},[43,31842,19048],{"class":268},[43,31844,361],{"class":264},[43,31846,59],{"class":53},[43,31848,14132],{"class":104},[43,31850,108],{"class":53},[43,31852,370],{"class":264},[43,31854,31779],{"class":268},[43,31856,361],{"class":264},[43,31858,59],{"class":53},[43,31860,29545],{"class":104},[43,31862,9928],{"class":53},[14,31864,31865],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[389,31867,31868,31871],{},[392,31869,31870],{},"The key",[392,31872,31873],{},"The value",[14,31875,31876],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31878,31879],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[34,31881,31883],{"className":36,"code":31882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31884,31885,31905,31930,31934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31886,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31888,9784],{"class":49},[43,31890,98],{"class":97},[43,31892,11110],{"class":53},[43,31894,265],{"class":264},[43,31896,269],{"class":268},[43,31898,265],{"class":264},[43,31900,59],{"class":53},[43,31902,6113],{"class":104},[43,31904,9928],{"class":53},[43,31906,31907,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31908,31909],{"class":49},"bad_pairs ",[43,31911,98],{"class":97},[43,31913,9839],{"class":53},[43,31915,265],{"class":264},[43,31917,279],{"class":268},[43,31919,265],{"class":264},[43,31921,108],{"class":53},[43,31923,1525],{"class":104},[43,31925,108],{"class":53},[43,31927,1530],{"class":104},[43,31929,9868],{"class":53},[43,31931,31932],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,31933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,31935,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31947],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,31937,9823],{"class":49},[43,31939,79],{"class":53},[43,31941,31090],{"class":148},[43,31943,145],{"class":53},[43,31945,31946],{"class":148},"bad_pairs",[43,31948,346],{"class":53},[14,31950,31951],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31953,31954],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[81,31956,31958],{"id":31957},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31960,31961],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[34,31963,31965],{"className":36,"code":31964,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31966,31967,31991,32023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31968,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31970,12110],{"class":49},[43,31972,98],{"class":97},[43,31974,11110],{"class":53},[43,31976,265],{"class":264},[43,31978,8286],{"class":268},[43,31980,265],{"class":264},[43,31982,59],{"class":53},[43,31984,276],{"class":264},[43,31986,29538],{"class":268},[43,31988,265],{"class":264},[43,31990,9928],{"class":53},[43,31992,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32012,32014,32016,32019,32021],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,31994,12204],{"class":49},[43,31996,79],{"class":53},[43,31998,31090],{"class":148},[43,32000,145],{"class":53},[43,32002,9918],{"class":9794},[43,32004,98],{"class":97},[43,32006,9812],{"class":104},[43,32008,108],{"class":53},[43,32010,32011],{"class":9794}," city",[43,32013,98],{"class":97},[43,32015,265],{"class":264},[43,32017,32018],{"class":268},"Madrid",[43,32020,265],{"class":264},[43,32022,346],{"class":53},[43,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32026,142],{"class":141},[43,32028,145],{"class":53},[43,32030,12204],{"class":148},[43,32032,346],{"class":53},[14,32034,349],{},[34,32036,32038],{"className":36,"code":32037,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,32039,32040],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32041,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32043,9897],{"class":53},[43,32045,361],{"class":264},[43,32047,8286],{"class":268},[43,32049,361],{"class":264},[43,32051,59],{"class":53},[43,32053,370],{"class":264},[43,32055,29538],{"class":268},[43,32057,361],{"class":264},[43,32059,108],{"class":53},[43,32061,370],{"class":264},[43,32063,9918],{"class":268},[43,32065,361],{"class":264},[43,32067,59],{"class":53},[43,32069,9925],{"class":104},[43,32071,108],{"class":53},[43,32073,370],{"class":264},[43,32075,11028],{"class":268},[43,32077,361],{"class":264},[43,32079,59],{"class":53},[43,32081,370],{"class":264},[43,32083,32018],{"class":268},[43,32085,361],{"class":264},[43,32087,9928],{"class":53},[14,32089,32090],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,32092,32093],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,32095,32096],{},"These work:",[389,32098,32099,32103,32107],{},[392,32100,32101],{},[18,32102,9918],{},[392,32104,32105],{},[18,32106,11028],{},[392,32108,32109],{},[18,32110,32111],{},"first_name",[14,32113,32114],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[389,32116,32117,32122],{},[392,32118,32119],{},[18,32120,32121],{},"\"first name\"",[392,32123,32124],{},[18,32125,32126],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,32128,32129],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[34,32131,32133],{"className":36,"code":32132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,32134,32135,32143,32183],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32136,32137,32139,32141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32138,12110],{"class":49},[43,32140,98],{"class":97},[43,32142,10457],{"class":53},[43,32144,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32174,32176,32178,32181],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32146,12204],{"class":49},[43,32148,79],{"class":53},[43,32150,31090],{"class":148},[43,32152,6145],{"class":53},[43,32154,265],{"class":264},[43,32156,11132],{"class":268},[43,32158,265],{"class":264},[43,32160,59],{"class":53},[43,32162,276],{"class":264},[43,32164,29538],{"class":268},[43,32166,265],{"class":264},[43,32168,108],{"class":53},[43,32170,276],{"class":264},[43,32172,32173],{"class":268},"user-id",[43,32175,265],{"class":264},[43,32177,59],{"class":53},[43,32179,32180],{"class":104}," 1001",[43,32182,31122],{"class":53},[43,32184,32185,32187,32189,32191],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32186,142],{"class":141},[43,32188,145],{"class":53},[43,32190,12204],{"class":148},[43,32192,346],{"class":53},[81,32194,18040],{"id":18039},[14,32196,32197,3004,32199,79],{},[18,32198,15578],{},[18,32200,4391],{},[14,32202,14673],{},[14,32204,25331],{},[34,32206,32208],{"className":36,"code":32207,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,32209,32210,32234,32260,32264,32274],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32211,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32213,13829],{"class":49},[43,32215,98],{"class":97},[43,32217,11110],{"class":53},[43,32219,265],{"class":264},[43,32221,8286],{"class":268},[43,32223,265],{"class":264},[43,32225,59],{"class":53},[43,32227,276],{"class":264},[43,32229,13505],{"class":268},[43,32231,265],{"class":264},[43,32233,9928],{"class":53},[43,32235,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32237,2836],{"class":49},[43,32239,98],{"class":97},[43,32241,13872],{"class":49},[43,32243,79],{"class":53},[43,32245,31090],{"class":148},[43,32247,6145],{"class":53},[43,32249,265],{"class":264},[43,32251,9918],{"class":268},[43,32253,265],{"class":264},[43,32255,59],{"class":53},[43,32257,111],{"class":104},[43,32259,31122],{"class":53},[43,32261,32262],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32263,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,32265,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,32267,142],{"class":141},[43,32269,145],{"class":53},[43,32271,2871],{"class":148},[43,32273,346],{"class":53},[43,32275,32276,32278,32280,32282],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,32277,142],{"class":141},[43,32279,145],{"class":53},[43,32281,17928],{"class":148},[43,32283,346],{"class":53},[14,32285,349],{},[34,32287,32289],{"className":36,"code":32288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,32290,32291,32295],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32292,32293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32294,12431],{"class":4466},[43,32296,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32298,9897],{"class":53},[43,32300,361],{"class":264},[43,32302,8286],{"class":268},[43,32304,361],{"class":264},[43,32306,59],{"class":53},[43,32308,370],{"class":264},[43,32310,13505],{"class":268},[43,32312,361],{"class":264},[43,32314,108],{"class":53},[43,32316,370],{"class":264},[43,32318,9918],{"class":268},[43,32320,361],{"class":264},[43,32322,59],{"class":53},[43,32324,111],{"class":104},[43,32326,9928],{"class":53},[14,32328,17277],{},[34,32330,32332],{"className":36,"code":32331,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,32333,32334,32358,32380,32384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32335,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32337,13829],{"class":49},[43,32339,98],{"class":97},[43,32341,11110],{"class":53},[43,32343,265],{"class":264},[43,32345,8286],{"class":268},[43,32347,265],{"class":264},[43,32349,59],{"class":53},[43,32351,276],{"class":264},[43,32353,13505],{"class":268},[43,32355,265],{"class":264},[43,32357,9928],{"class":53},[43,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32361,17928],{"class":49},[43,32363,79],{"class":53},[43,32365,31090],{"class":148},[43,32367,6145],{"class":53},[43,32369,265],{"class":264},[43,32371,9918],{"class":268},[43,32373,265],{"class":264},[43,32375,59],{"class":53},[43,32377,111],{"class":104},[43,32379,31122],{"class":53},[43,32381,32382],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32383,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,32385,32386,32388,32390,32392],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,32387,142],{"class":141},[43,32389,145],{"class":53},[43,32391,17928],{"class":148},[43,32393,346],{"class":53},[14,32395,349],{},[34,32397,32399],{"className":36,"code":32398,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,32400,32401],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32402,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32404,9897],{"class":53},[43,32406,361],{"class":264},[43,32408,8286],{"class":268},[43,32410,361],{"class":264},[43,32412,59],{"class":53},[43,32414,370],{"class":264},[43,32416,13505],{"class":268},[43,32418,361],{"class":264},[43,32420,108],{"class":53},[43,32422,370],{"class":264},[43,32424,9918],{"class":268},[43,32426,361],{"class":264},[43,32428,59],{"class":53},[43,32430,111],{"class":104},[43,32432,9928],{"class":53},[14,32434,32435,32436,79],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[269,32437,18526],{"href":11351},[81,32439,5576,32441],{"id":32440},"when-to-use-update",[18,32442,15578],{},[14,32444,230,32445,11221],{},[18,32446,15578],{},[389,32448,32449,32452,32455,32458],{},[392,32450,32451],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[392,32453,32454],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[392,32456,32457],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[392,32459,32460],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32462,32463],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[34,32465,32467],{"className":36,"code":32466,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,32468,32469,32505,32520,32524,32563,32567,32577],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32470,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32472,12709],{"class":49},[43,32474,98],{"class":97},[43,32476,11110],{"class":53},[43,32478,265],{"class":264},[43,32480,8286],{"class":268},[43,32482,265],{"class":264},[43,32484,59],{"class":53},[43,32486,276],{"class":264},[43,32488,13505],{"class":268},[43,32490,265],{"class":264},[43,32492,108],{"class":53},[43,32494,276],{"class":264},[43,32496,9918],{"class":268},[43,32498,265],{"class":264},[43,32500,59],{"class":53},[43,32502,111],{"class":104},[43,32504,9928],{"class":53},[43,32506,32507,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32508,32509],{"class":49},"updated ",[43,32511,98],{"class":97},[43,32513,12784],{"class":49},[43,32515,79],{"class":53},[43,32517,13536],{"class":148},[43,32519,9262],{"class":53},[43,32521,32522],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32523,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,32525,32526,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,32527,32528],{"class":49},"updated",[43,32530,79],{"class":53},[43,32532,31090],{"class":148},[43,32534,6145],{"class":53},[43,32536,265],{"class":264},[43,32538,9918],{"class":268},[43,32540,265],{"class":264},[43,32542,59],{"class":53},[43,32544,31103],{"class":104},[43,32546,108],{"class":53},[43,32548,276],{"class":264},[43,32550,11028],{"class":268},[43,32552,265],{"class":264},[43,32554,59],{"class":53},[43,32556,276],{"class":264},[43,32558,16653],{"class":268},[43,32560,265],{"class":264},[43,32562,31122],{"class":53},[43,32564,32565],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,32566,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,32568,32569,32571,32573,32575],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,32570,142],{"class":141},[43,32572,145],{"class":53},[43,32574,12756],{"class":148},[43,32576,346],{"class":53},[43,32578,32579,32581,32583,32585],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,32580,142],{"class":141},[43,32582,145],{"class":53},[43,32584,32528],{"class":148},[43,32586,346],{"class":53},[14,32588,349],{},[34,32590,32592],{"className":36,"code":32591,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32593,32594,32626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32595,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32597,9897],{"class":53},[43,32599,361],{"class":264},[43,32601,8286],{"class":268},[43,32603,361],{"class":264},[43,32605,59],{"class":53},[43,32607,370],{"class":264},[43,32609,13505],{"class":268},[43,32611,361],{"class":264},[43,32613,108],{"class":53},[43,32615,370],{"class":264},[43,32617,9918],{"class":268},[43,32619,361],{"class":264},[43,32621,59],{"class":53},[43,32623,111],{"class":104},[43,32625,9928],{"class":53},[43,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32629,9897],{"class":53},[43,32631,361],{"class":264},[43,32633,8286],{"class":268},[43,32635,361],{"class":264},[43,32637,59],{"class":53},[43,32639,370],{"class":264},[43,32641,13505],{"class":268},[43,32643,361],{"class":264},[43,32645,108],{"class":53},[43,32647,370],{"class":264},[43,32649,9918],{"class":268},[43,32651,361],{"class":264},[43,32653,59],{"class":53},[43,32655,31103],{"class":104},[43,32657,108],{"class":53},[43,32659,370],{"class":264},[43,32661,11028],{"class":268},[43,32663,361],{"class":264},[43,32665,59],{"class":53},[43,32667,370],{"class":264},[43,32669,16653],{"class":268},[43,32671,361],{"class":264},[43,32673,9928],{"class":53},[14,32675,32676,32677,79],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[269,32678,17220],{"href":17219},[81,32680,3438],{"id":3437},[14,32682,11368,32683,59],{},[18,32684,15578],{},[389,32686,32687,32694,32698,32701,32704],{},[392,32688,13218,32689,32691,32692],{},[18,32690,15578],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32693,4391],{},[392,32695,9071,32696,13226],{},[18,32697,15578],{},[392,32699,32700],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[392,32702,32703],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[392,32705,32706],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32708,32709],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[34,32711,32713],{"className":36,"code":32712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32714,32715,32725,32739,32753,32775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32716,32717,32719,32721,32723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32718,142],{"class":141},[43,32720,145],{"class":53},[43,32722,12071],{"class":148},[43,32724,346],{"class":53},[43,32726,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,32728,142],{"class":141},[43,32730,145],{"class":53},[43,32732,3832],{"class":3510},[43,32734,145],{"class":53},[43,32736,9823],{"class":148},[43,32738,2377],{"class":53},[43,32740,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,32742,142],{"class":141},[43,32744,145],{"class":53},[43,32746,8712],{"class":3510},[43,32748,145],{"class":53},[43,32750,9823],{"class":148},[43,32752,2377],{"class":53},[43,32754,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,32756,142],{"class":141},[43,32758,145],{"class":53},[43,32760,12071],{"class":148},[43,32762,79],{"class":53},[43,32764,20372],{"class":148},[43,32766,145],{"class":53},[43,32768,361],{"class":264},[43,32770,15466],{"class":268},[43,32772,361],{"class":264},[43,32774,2377],{"class":53},[43,32776,32777,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,32778,32779],{"class":141},"help",[43,32781,145],{"class":53},[43,32783,9440],{"class":3510},[43,32785,79],{"class":53},[43,32787,31090],{"class":25373},[43,32789,346],{"class":53},[14,32791,32792],{},"These can help you check:",[389,32794,32795,32798,32803,32806,32809],{},[392,32796,32797],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[392,32799,32800,32801],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32802,15578],{},[392,32804,32805],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[392,32807,32808],{},"Whether a key exists",[392,32810,32811],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32813,32814,32815,79],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[269,32816,11883],{"href":11695},[81,32818,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,32820,13328,32822,32824],{"id":32821},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32823,15578],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32826,32827,32828,79],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32829,4391],{},[1499,32831,13328,32833,32835],{"id":32832},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32834,15578],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32837,32838],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1499,32840,5784,32842,32844],{"id":32841},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32843,15578],{}," add new keys?",[14,32846,32847],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1499,32849,28953,32851,32853],{"id":32850},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32852,15578],{}," with a list?",[14,32855,32856,32857,79],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32858,11716],{},[1499,32860,5794,32862,32864],{"id":32861},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32863,15578],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32866,32867,32868,32870],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32869,15578],{}," can change many keys at once.",[81,32872,2497],{"id":2496},[389,32874,32875,32879,32883,32888,32892],{},[392,32876,32877],{},[269,32878,26719],{"href":10010},[392,32880,32881],{},[269,32882,11872],{"href":11351},[392,32884,32885],{},[269,32886,32887],{"href":31712},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[392,32889,32890],{},[269,32891,22079],{"href":17219},[392,32893,32894],{},[269,32895,11883],{"href":11695},[2536,32897,32898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":32900},[32901,32902,32904,32905,32907,32909,32910,32911,32913,32914,32926],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":31145,"depth":131,"text":32903},"What update() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":31505,"depth":131,"text":32906},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31716,"depth":131,"text":32908},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31957,"depth":131,"text":31958},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":32440,"depth":131,"text":32912},"When to use update()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":32915},[32916,32918,32920,32922,32924],{"id":32821,"depth":138,"text":32917},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32832,"depth":138,"text":32919},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32841,"depth":138,"text":32921},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32850,"depth":138,"text":32923},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32861,"depth":138,"text":32925},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31023,"description":32927},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32933,"title":32934,"body":32935,"description":34924,"extension":2572,"meta":34925,"navigation":134,"path":23517,"seo":34926,"stem":34927,"__hash__":34928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32936,"toc":34887},[32937,32942,32949,32952,32954,33053,33055,33110,33115,33120,33134,33139,33141,33156,33158,33172,33185,33190,33196,33203,33205,33312,33314,33363,33369,33444,33446,33467,33469,33472,33577,33579,33634,33636,33664,33668,33673,33752,33754,33774,33776,33787,33797,33801,33806,33910,33912,33937,33940,33951,33956,33965,33968,33985,33987,34074,34076,34139,34141,34164,34166,34171,34177,34182,34184,34223,34229,34232,34251,34262,34268,34271,34344,34346,34365,34370,34373,34396,34402,34405,34469,34472,34549,34556,34559,34618,34624,34626,34645,34649,34652,34703,34706,34726,34728,34789,34791,34796,34801,34806,34811,34816,34821,34827,34830,34839,34847,34849,34884],[10,32938,11939,32940,11943],{"id":32939},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32941,17693],{},[14,32943,32944,32945,32948],{},"The Python ",[18,32946,32947],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32950,32951],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[81,32953,84],{"id":83},[34,32955,32957],{"className":36,"code":32956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32958,32959,33011,33025,33029,33039],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32960,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32962,13488],{"class":49},[43,32964,98],{"class":97},[43,32966,11110],{"class":53},[43,32968,265],{"class":264},[43,32970,8286],{"class":268},[43,32972,265],{"class":264},[43,32974,59],{"class":53},[43,32976,276],{"class":264},[43,32978,13505],{"class":268},[43,32980,265],{"class":264},[43,32982,108],{"class":53},[43,32984,276],{"class":264},[43,32986,9918],{"class":268},[43,32988,265],{"class":264},[43,32990,59],{"class":53},[43,32992,111],{"class":104},[43,32994,108],{"class":53},[43,32996,276],{"class":264},[43,32998,11028],{"class":268},[43,33000,265],{"class":264},[43,33002,59],{"class":53},[43,33004,276],{"class":264},[43,33006,16653],{"class":268},[43,33008,265],{"class":264},[43,33010,9928],{"class":53},[43,33012,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33014,4436],{"class":49},[43,33016,98],{"class":97},[43,33018,13531],{"class":49},[43,33020,79],{"class":53},[43,33022,5974],{"class":148},[43,33024,9262],{"class":53},[43,33026,33027],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33028,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33030,33031,33033,33035,33037],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33032,142],{"class":141},[43,33034,145],{"class":53},[43,33036,5974],{"class":148},[43,33038,346],{"class":53},[43,33040,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,33042,142],{"class":141},[43,33044,145],{"class":53},[43,33046,8712],{"class":3510},[43,33048,145],{"class":53},[43,33050,5974],{"class":148},[43,33052,2377],{"class":53},[14,33054,349],{},[34,33056,33058],{"className":36,"code":33057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,33059,33060,33086],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33061,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33063,17659],{"class":148},[43,33065,3595],{"class":53},[43,33067,361],{"class":264},[43,33069,13505],{"class":268},[43,33071,361],{"class":264},[43,33073,108],{"class":53},[43,33075,111],{"class":104},[43,33077,108],{"class":53},[43,33079,370],{"class":264},[43,33081,16653],{"class":268},[43,33083,361],{"class":264},[43,33085,1547],{"class":53},[43,33087,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33089,54],{"class":53},[43,33091,361],{"class":264},[43,33093,13505],{"class":268},[43,33095,361],{"class":264},[43,33097,108],{"class":53},[43,33099,111],{"class":104},[43,33101,108],{"class":53},[43,33103,370],{"class":264},[43,33105,16653],{"class":268},[43,33107,361],{"class":264},[43,33109,68],{"class":53},[14,33111,33112,33114],{},[18,33113,17693],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[81,33116,4289,33118,4292],{"id":33117},"what-values-does",[18,33119,17693],{},[389,33121,33122,33125,33128,33131],{},[392,33123,33124],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[392,33126,33127],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[392,33129,33130],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[392,33132,33133],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,33135,33136,33137,79],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[269,33138,10011],{"href":10010},[81,33140,2763],{"id":2762},[34,33142,33144],{"className":36,"code":33143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,33145,33146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33147,33148,33150,33152,33154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33149,12071],{"class":49},[43,33151,79],{"class":53},[43,33153,5974],{"class":148},[43,33155,9262],{"class":53},[14,33157,387],{},[389,33159,33160,33164,33167],{},[392,33161,33162,12087],{},[18,33163,17693],{},[392,33165,33166],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[392,33168,33169,33170],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,33171,17693],{},[14,33173,33174,33175,1233,33180,79],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[269,33176,33177,33179],{"href":17684},[18,33178,17687],{}," for dictionary keys",[269,33181,33182,33184],{"href":17696},[18,33183,17699],{}," for key-value pairs",[81,33186,4289,33188,12328],{"id":33187},"what-values-returns",[18,33189,17693],{},[14,33191,33192,22597,33194,25387],{},[18,33193,17693],{},[18,33195,17659],{},[14,33197,33198,33199,33202],{},"This object is a ",[76,33200,33201],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,33204,494],{},[34,33206,33208],{"className":36,"code":33207,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,33209,33210,33246,33250,33265,33276,33280,33302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33211,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33213,13829],{"class":49},[43,33215,98],{"class":97},[43,33217,11110],{"class":53},[43,33219,265],{"class":264},[43,33221,8286],{"class":268},[43,33223,265],{"class":264},[43,33225,59],{"class":53},[43,33227,276],{"class":264},[43,33229,8539],{"class":268},[43,33231,265],{"class":264},[43,33233,108],{"class":53},[43,33235,276],{"class":264},[43,33237,9918],{"class":268},[43,33239,265],{"class":264},[43,33241,59],{"class":53},[43,33243,9925],{"class":104},[43,33245,9928],{"class":53},[43,33247,33248],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33249,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33251,33252,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33253,33254],{"class":49},"values_view ",[43,33256,98],{"class":97},[43,33258,13872],{"class":49},[43,33260,79],{"class":53},[43,33262,5974],{"class":148},[43,33264,9262],{"class":53},[43,33266,33267,33269,33271,33274],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33268,142],{"class":141},[43,33270,145],{"class":53},[43,33272,33273],{"class":148},"values_view",[43,33275,346],{"class":53},[43,33277,33278],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,33279,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33281,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,33283,17928],{"class":49},[43,33285,54],{"class":53},[43,33287,265],{"class":264},[43,33289,11028],{"class":268},[43,33291,265],{"class":264},[43,33293,13898],{"class":53},[43,33295,13901],{"class":97},[43,33297,276],{"class":264},[43,33299,31269],{"class":268},[43,33301,3969],{"class":264},[43,33303,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,33305,142],{"class":141},[43,33307,145],{"class":53},[43,33309,33273],{"class":148},[43,33311,346],{"class":53},[14,33313,349],{},[34,33315,33317],{"className":36,"code":33316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,33318,33319,33337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33320,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33322,17659],{"class":148},[43,33324,3595],{"class":53},[43,33326,361],{"class":264},[43,33328,8539],{"class":268},[43,33330,361],{"class":264},[43,33332,108],{"class":53},[43,33334,9925],{"class":104},[43,33336,1547],{"class":53},[43,33338,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33340,17659],{"class":148},[43,33342,3595],{"class":53},[43,33344,361],{"class":264},[43,33346,8539],{"class":268},[43,33348,361],{"class":264},[43,33350,108],{"class":53},[43,33352,9925],{"class":104},[43,33354,108],{"class":53},[43,33356,370],{"class":264},[43,33358,31269],{"class":268},[43,33360,361],{"class":264},[43,33362,1547],{"class":53},[14,33364,33365,33366,79],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,33367,33368],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[34,33370,33372],{"className":36,"code":33371,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,33373,33374,33410,33429,33433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33375,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33377,13829],{"class":49},[43,33379,98],{"class":97},[43,33381,11110],{"class":53},[43,33383,265],{"class":264},[43,33385,8286],{"class":268},[43,33387,265],{"class":264},[43,33389,59],{"class":53},[43,33391,276],{"class":264},[43,33393,8539],{"class":268},[43,33395,265],{"class":264},[43,33397,108],{"class":53},[43,33399,276],{"class":264},[43,33401,9918],{"class":268},[43,33403,265],{"class":264},[43,33405,59],{"class":53},[43,33407,9925],{"class":104},[43,33409,9928],{"class":53},[43,33411,33412,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33413,33414],{"class":49},"values_list ",[43,33416,98],{"class":97},[43,33418,23182],{"class":3510},[43,33420,145],{"class":53},[43,33422,17928],{"class":148},[43,33424,79],{"class":53},[43,33426,5974],{"class":148},[43,33428,7811],{"class":53},[43,33430,33431],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33432,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33434,33435,33437,33439,33442],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33436,142],{"class":141},[43,33438,145],{"class":53},[43,33440,33441],{"class":148},"values_list",[43,33443,346],{"class":53},[14,33445,349],{},[34,33447,33449],{"className":36,"code":33448,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,33450,33451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33452,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33454,54],{"class":53},[43,33456,361],{"class":264},[43,33458,8539],{"class":268},[43,33460,361],{"class":264},[43,33462,108],{"class":53},[43,33464,9925],{"class":104},[43,33466,68],{"class":53},[81,33468,12097],{"id":12096},[14,33470,33471],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[34,33473,33475],{"className":36,"code":33474,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,33476,33477,33531,33535,33549,33553,33563],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33478,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33512,33514,33516,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33480,25419],{"class":49},[43,33482,98],{"class":97},[43,33484,11110],{"class":53},[43,33486,265],{"class":264},[43,33488,25428],{"class":268},[43,33490,265],{"class":264},[43,33492,59],{"class":53},[43,33494,276],{"class":264},[43,33496,25437],{"class":268},[43,33498,265],{"class":264},[43,33500,108],{"class":53},[43,33502,276],{"class":264},[43,33504,25446],{"class":268},[43,33506,265],{"class":264},[43,33508,59],{"class":53},[43,33510,33511],{"class":104}," 2022",[43,33513,108],{"class":53},[43,33515,276],{"class":264},[43,33517,33518],{"class":268},"color",[43,33520,265],{"class":264},[43,33522,59],{"class":53},[43,33524,276],{"class":264},[43,33526,13734],{"class":268},[43,33528,265],{"class":264},[43,33530,9928],{"class":53},[43,33532,33533],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33534,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33536,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33538,2836],{"class":49},[43,33540,98],{"class":97},[43,33542,25468],{"class":49},[43,33544,79],{"class":53},[43,33546,5974],{"class":148},[43,33548,9262],{"class":53},[43,33550,33551],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33552,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33554,33555,33557,33559,33561],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,33556,142],{"class":141},[43,33558,145],{"class":53},[43,33560,2871],{"class":148},[43,33562,346],{"class":53},[43,33564,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,33566,142],{"class":141},[43,33568,145],{"class":53},[43,33570,8712],{"class":3510},[43,33572,145],{"class":53},[43,33574,2871],{"class":148},[43,33576,2377],{"class":53},[14,33578,349],{},[34,33580,33582],{"className":36,"code":33581,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33583,33584,33610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33585,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33587,17659],{"class":148},[43,33589,3595],{"class":53},[43,33591,361],{"class":264},[43,33593,25437],{"class":268},[43,33595,361],{"class":264},[43,33597,108],{"class":53},[43,33599,33511],{"class":104},[43,33601,108],{"class":53},[43,33603,370],{"class":264},[43,33605,13734],{"class":268},[43,33607,361],{"class":264},[43,33609,1547],{"class":53},[43,33611,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33613,54],{"class":53},[43,33615,361],{"class":264},[43,33617,25437],{"class":268},[43,33619,361],{"class":264},[43,33621,108],{"class":53},[43,33623,33511],{"class":104},[43,33625,108],{"class":53},[43,33627,370],{"class":264},[43,33629,13734],{"class":268},[43,33631,361],{"class":264},[43,33633,68],{"class":53},[14,33635,12306],{},[389,33637,33638,33644,33650,33658],{},[392,33639,33640,33643],{},[18,33641,33642],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[392,33645,33646,33649],{},[18,33647,33648],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[392,33651,33652,33655,33656,25240],{},[18,33653,33654],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33657,17659],{},[392,33659,33660,33663],{},[18,33661,33662],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[81,33665,33667],{"id":33666},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33669,33670,33671,26688],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33672,6574],{},[34,33674,33676],{"className":36,"code":33675,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33677,33678,33722,33726,33742],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33679,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33681,5679],{"class":49},[43,33683,98],{"class":97},[43,33685,11110],{"class":53},[43,33687,265],{"class":264},[43,33689,19039],{"class":268},[43,33691,265],{"class":264},[43,33693,59],{"class":53},[43,33695,20520],{"class":104},[43,33697,108],{"class":53},[43,33699,276],{"class":264},[43,33701,31779],{"class":268},[43,33703,265],{"class":264},[43,33705,59],{"class":53},[43,33707,14132],{"class":104},[43,33709,108],{"class":53},[43,33711,276],{"class":264},[43,33713,19048],{"class":268},[43,33715,265],{"class":264},[43,33717,59],{"class":53},[43,33719,29545],{"class":104},[43,33721,9928],{"class":53},[43,33723,33724],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33725,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33727,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33729,6574],{"class":4491},[43,33731,22206],{"class":49},[43,33733,4498],{"class":4491},[43,33735,5725],{"class":49},[43,33737,79],{"class":53},[43,33739,5974],{"class":148},[43,33741,22217],{"class":53},[43,33743,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33745,8687],{"class":141},[43,33747,145],{"class":53},[43,33749,3080],{"class":148},[43,33751,346],{"class":53},[14,33753,349],{},[34,33755,33757],{"className":36,"code":33756,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33758,33759,33764,33769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33760,33761],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33762,33763],{"class":104},"90\n",[43,33765,33766],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33767,33768],{"class":104},"85\n",[43,33770,33771],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33772,33773],{"class":104},"88\n",[14,33775,18332],{},[389,33777,33778,33781,33784],{},[392,33779,33780],{},"You only need the values",[392,33782,33783],{},"You do not care about the keys",[392,33785,33786],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33788,33789,33790,3486,33794,79],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[269,33791,11357,33792,11361],{"href":17696},[18,33793,17699],{},[269,33795,23097],{"href":33796},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[81,33798,33800],{"id":33799},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33802,230,33803,33805],{},[18,33804,33368],{}," when you need a list.",[34,33807,33809],{"className":36,"code":33808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33810,33811,33857,33861,33881,33885,33896],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33812,33813,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33849,33851,33853,33855],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33814,33815],{"class":49},"fruit_prices ",[43,33817,98],{"class":97},[43,33819,11110],{"class":53},[43,33821,265],{"class":264},[43,33823,4694],{"class":268},[43,33825,265],{"class":264},[43,33827,59],{"class":53},[43,33829,1525],{"class":104},[43,33831,108],{"class":53},[43,33833,276],{"class":264},[43,33835,4703],{"class":268},[43,33837,265],{"class":264},[43,33839,59],{"class":53},[43,33841,6113],{"class":104},[43,33843,108],{"class":53},[43,33845,276],{"class":264},[43,33847,33848],{"class":268},"orange",[43,33850,265],{"class":264},[43,33852,59],{"class":53},[43,33854,1530],{"class":104},[43,33856,9928],{"class":53},[43,33858,33859],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33860,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33862,33863,33866,33868,33870,33872,33875,33877,33879],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,33864,33865],{"class":49},"price_list ",[43,33867,98],{"class":97},[43,33869,23182],{"class":3510},[43,33871,145],{"class":53},[43,33873,33874],{"class":148},"fruit_prices",[43,33876,79],{"class":53},[43,33878,5974],{"class":148},[43,33880,7811],{"class":53},[43,33882,33883],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,33884,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,33886,33887,33889,33891,33894],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,33888,142],{"class":141},[43,33890,145],{"class":53},[43,33892,33893],{"class":148},"price_list",[43,33895,346],{"class":53},[43,33897,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,33899,142],{"class":141},[43,33901,145],{"class":53},[43,33903,33893],{"class":148},[43,33905,54],{"class":53},[43,33907,1277],{"class":104},[43,33909,1547],{"class":53},[14,33911,349],{},[34,33913,33915],{"className":36,"code":33914,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33916,33917,33933],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33918,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33920,54],{"class":53},[43,33922,201],{"class":104},[43,33924,108],{"class":53},[43,33926,6113],{"class":104},[43,33928,108],{"class":53},[43,33930,1530],{"class":104},[43,33932,68],{"class":53},[43,33934,33935],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,33936,17678],{"class":104},[14,33938,33939],{},"This is helpful for:",[389,33941,33942,33945,33948],{},[392,33943,33944],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[392,33946,33947],{},"Accessing values by index",[392,33949,33950],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33952,4539,33953,33955],{},[18,33954,17659],{}," is not the same as a list.",[81,33957,33959,11205,33961,11205,33963],{"id":33958},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33960,17693],{},[18,33962,17687],{},[18,33964,17699],{},[14,33966,33967],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[389,33969,33970,33975,33980],{},[392,33971,33972,33974],{},[18,33973,17693],{}," returns only the values",[392,33976,33977,33979],{},[18,33978,17687],{}," returns only the keys",[392,33981,33982,33984],{},[18,33983,17699],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33986,2731],{},[34,33988,33990],{"className":36,"code":33989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33991,33992,34028,34032,34046,34060],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33995,13488],{"class":49},[43,33997,98],{"class":97},[43,33999,11110],{"class":53},[43,34001,265],{"class":264},[43,34003,8286],{"class":268},[43,34005,265],{"class":264},[43,34007,59],{"class":53},[43,34009,276],{"class":264},[43,34011,13505],{"class":268},[43,34013,265],{"class":264},[43,34015,108],{"class":53},[43,34017,276],{"class":264},[43,34019,9918],{"class":268},[43,34021,265],{"class":264},[43,34023,59],{"class":53},[43,34025,111],{"class":104},[43,34027,9928],{"class":53},[43,34029,34030],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,34033,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34035,142],{"class":141},[43,34037,145],{"class":53},[43,34039,14251],{"class":148},[43,34041,79],{"class":53},[43,34043,17545],{"class":148},[43,34045,7811],{"class":53},[43,34047,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,34049,142],{"class":141},[43,34051,145],{"class":53},[43,34053,14251],{"class":148},[43,34055,79],{"class":53},[43,34057,5974],{"class":148},[43,34059,7811],{"class":53},[43,34061,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,34063,142],{"class":141},[43,34065,145],{"class":53},[43,34067,14251],{"class":148},[43,34069,79],{"class":53},[43,34071,8427],{"class":148},[43,34073,7811],{"class":53},[14,34075,349],{},[34,34077,34079],{"className":36,"code":34078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,34080,34081,34103,34121],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34082,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34084,17636],{"class":148},[43,34086,3595],{"class":53},[43,34088,361],{"class":264},[43,34090,8286],{"class":268},[43,34092,361],{"class":264},[43,34094,108],{"class":53},[43,34096,370],{"class":264},[43,34098,9918],{"class":268},[43,34100,361],{"class":264},[43,34102,1547],{"class":53},[43,34104,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34106,17659],{"class":148},[43,34108,3595],{"class":53},[43,34110,361],{"class":264},[43,34112,13505],{"class":268},[43,34114,361],{"class":264},[43,34116,108],{"class":53},[43,34118,111],{"class":104},[43,34120,1547],{"class":53},[43,34122,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135,34137],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34124,22530],{"class":148},[43,34126,10277],{"class":53},[43,34128,361],{"class":264},[43,34130,8286],{"class":268},[43,34132,361],{"class":264},[43,34134,108],{"class":53},[43,34136,111],{"class":104},[43,34138,11299],{"class":53},[14,34140,19317],{},[389,34142,34143,34150,34157],{},[392,34144,34145,34149],{},[269,34146,34147],{"href":17684},[18,34148,17687],{}," when you need just the keys",[392,34151,34152,34156],{},[269,34153,34154],{"href":17690},[18,34155,17693],{}," when you need just the values",[392,34158,34159,34163],{},[269,34160,34161],{"href":17696},[18,34162,17699],{}," when you need both",[81,34165,5134],{"id":5133},[14,34167,34168,34169,79],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,34170,17693],{},[1499,34172,30275,34174,34176],{"id":34173},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,34175,17693],{}," on the wrong type",[14,34178,34179,34181],{},[18,34180,17693],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,34183,1970],{},[34,34185,34187],{"className":36,"code":34186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,34188,34189,34209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34190,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34192,8927],{"class":49},[43,34194,98],{"class":97},[43,34196,101],{"class":53},[43,34198,154],{"class":104},[43,34200,108],{"class":53},[43,34202,1525],{"class":104},[43,34204,108],{"class":53},[43,34206,1530],{"class":104},[43,34208,68],{"class":53},[43,34210,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34212,142],{"class":141},[43,34214,145],{"class":53},[43,34216,50],{"class":148},[43,34218,79],{"class":53},[43,34220,5974],{"class":148},[43,34222,7811],{"class":53},[14,34224,34225,34226,34228],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,34227,17693],{}," method.",[14,34230,34231],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[34,34233,34235],{"className":36,"code":34234,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,34236,34237],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34238,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34240,142],{"class":141},[43,34242,145],{"class":53},[43,34244,3832],{"class":3510},[43,34246,145],{"class":53},[43,34248,50],{"class":148},[43,34250,2377],{"class":53},[14,34252,34253,34254,34256,34257,79],{},"If you get an ",[18,34255,26295],{},", see ",[269,34258,26303,34259,34261],{"href":26302},[18,34260,26306],{}," errors",[1499,34263,5195,34265,34267],{"id":34264},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,34266,17693],{}," returns a list",[14,34269,34270],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[34,34272,34274],{"className":36,"code":34273,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,34275,34276,34312,34326,34330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34277,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34279,13488],{"class":49},[43,34281,98],{"class":97},[43,34283,11110],{"class":53},[43,34285,265],{"class":264},[43,34287,8286],{"class":268},[43,34289,265],{"class":264},[43,34291,59],{"class":53},[43,34293,276],{"class":264},[43,34295,13505],{"class":268},[43,34297,265],{"class":264},[43,34299,108],{"class":53},[43,34301,276],{"class":264},[43,34303,9918],{"class":268},[43,34305,265],{"class":264},[43,34307,59],{"class":53},[43,34309,111],{"class":104},[43,34311,9928],{"class":53},[43,34313,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322,34324],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34315,4436],{"class":49},[43,34317,98],{"class":97},[43,34319,13531],{"class":49},[43,34321,79],{"class":53},[43,34323,5974],{"class":148},[43,34325,9262],{"class":53},[43,34327,34328],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34329,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,34331,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,34333,142],{"class":141},[43,34335,145],{"class":53},[43,34337,3832],{"class":3510},[43,34339,145],{"class":53},[43,34341,5974],{"class":148},[43,34343,2377],{"class":53},[14,34345,349],{},[34,34347,34349],{"className":36,"code":34348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,34350,34351],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34352,34353,34355,34357,34359,34361,34363],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34354,3901],{"class":97},[43,34356,3904],{"class":2671},[43,34358,370],{"class":264},[43,34360,17659],{"class":268},[43,34362,361],{"class":264},[43,34364,3913],{"class":97},[14,34366,5762,34367,34369],{},[18,34368,17659],{},", not a list.",[14,34371,34372],{},"If you need a list:",[34,34374,34376],{"className":36,"code":34375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,34377,34378],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34379,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34381,4436],{"class":49},[43,34383,98],{"class":97},[43,34385,23182],{"class":3510},[43,34387,145],{"class":53},[43,34389,14251],{"class":148},[43,34391,79],{"class":53},[43,34393,5974],{"class":148},[43,34395,7811],{"class":53},[1499,34397,34399,34400],{"id":34398},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,34401,17659],{},[14,34403,34404],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[34,34406,34408],{"className":36,"code":34407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,34409,34410,34446,34460,34464],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34411,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34413,13488],{"class":49},[43,34415,98],{"class":97},[43,34417,11110],{"class":53},[43,34419,265],{"class":264},[43,34421,8286],{"class":268},[43,34423,265],{"class":264},[43,34425,59],{"class":53},[43,34427,276],{"class":264},[43,34429,13505],{"class":268},[43,34431,265],{"class":264},[43,34433,108],{"class":53},[43,34435,276],{"class":264},[43,34437,9918],{"class":268},[43,34439,265],{"class":264},[43,34441,59],{"class":53},[43,34443,111],{"class":104},[43,34445,9928],{"class":53},[43,34447,34448,34450,34452,34454,34456,34458],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34449,4436],{"class":49},[43,34451,98],{"class":97},[43,34453,13531],{"class":49},[43,34455,79],{"class":53},[43,34457,5974],{"class":148},[43,34459,9262],{"class":53},[43,34461,34462],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34463,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,34465,34466],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,34467,34468],{"class":165},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34470,34471],{},"Convert to a list first:",[34,34473,34475],{"className":36,"code":34474,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,34476,34477,34513,34531,34535],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34478,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505,34507,34509,34511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34480,13488],{"class":49},[43,34482,98],{"class":97},[43,34484,11110],{"class":53},[43,34486,265],{"class":264},[43,34488,8286],{"class":268},[43,34490,265],{"class":264},[43,34492,59],{"class":53},[43,34494,276],{"class":264},[43,34496,13505],{"class":268},[43,34498,265],{"class":264},[43,34500,108],{"class":53},[43,34502,276],{"class":264},[43,34504,9918],{"class":268},[43,34506,265],{"class":264},[43,34508,59],{"class":53},[43,34510,111],{"class":104},[43,34512,9928],{"class":53},[43,34514,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525,34527,34529],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34516,4436],{"class":49},[43,34518,98],{"class":97},[43,34520,23182],{"class":3510},[43,34522,145],{"class":53},[43,34524,14251],{"class":148},[43,34526,79],{"class":53},[43,34528,5974],{"class":148},[43,34530,7811],{"class":53},[43,34532,34533],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34534,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,34536,34537,34539,34541,34543,34545,34547],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,34538,142],{"class":141},[43,34540,145],{"class":53},[43,34542,5974],{"class":148},[43,34544,54],{"class":53},[43,34546,1277],{"class":104},[43,34548,1547],{"class":53},[1499,34550,2445,34552,11713,34554],{"id":34551},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,34553,5974],{},[18,34555,17693],{},[14,34557,34558],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[34,34560,34562],{"className":36,"code":34561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,34563,34564,34600,34604],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34565,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592,34594,34596,34598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34567,13488],{"class":49},[43,34569,98],{"class":97},[43,34571,11110],{"class":53},[43,34573,265],{"class":264},[43,34575,8286],{"class":268},[43,34577,265],{"class":264},[43,34579,59],{"class":53},[43,34581,276],{"class":264},[43,34583,13505],{"class":268},[43,34585,265],{"class":264},[43,34587,108],{"class":53},[43,34589,276],{"class":264},[43,34591,9918],{"class":268},[43,34593,265],{"class":264},[43,34595,59],{"class":53},[43,34597,111],{"class":104},[43,34599,9928],{"class":53},[43,34601,34602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34603,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,34605,34606,34608,34610,34612,34614,34616],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34607,142],{"class":141},[43,34609,145],{"class":53},[43,34611,14251],{"class":148},[43,34613,79],{"class":53},[43,34615,5974],{"class":25373},[43,34617,346],{"class":53},[14,34619,34620,34623],{},[18,34621,34622],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34625,19317],{},[34,34627,34629],{"className":36,"code":34628,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34630,34631],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34632,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34634,142],{"class":141},[43,34636,145],{"class":53},[43,34638,14251],{"class":148},[43,34640,79],{"class":53},[43,34642,5974],{"class":148},[43,34644,7811],{"class":53},[1499,34646,34648],{"id":34647},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34650,34651],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[34,34653,34655],{"className":36,"code":34654,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34656,34657,34689],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34658,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34660,9784],{"class":49},[43,34662,98],{"class":97},[43,34664,11110],{"class":53},[43,34666,265],{"class":264},[43,34668,269],{"class":268},[43,34670,265],{"class":264},[43,34672,59],{"class":53},[43,34674,6113],{"class":104},[43,34676,108],{"class":53},[43,34678,276],{"class":264},[43,34680,279],{"class":268},[43,34682,265],{"class":264},[43,34684,59],{"class":53},[43,34686,1525],{"class":104},[43,34688,9928],{"class":53},[43,34690,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699,34701],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34692,142],{"class":141},[43,34694,145],{"class":53},[43,34696,9823],{"class":148},[43,34698,79],{"class":53},[43,34700,5974],{"class":148},[43,34702,7811],{"class":53},[14,34704,34705],{},"Not like this:",[34,34707,34709],{"className":36,"code":34708,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34710,34711,34716,34721],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34712,34713],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34714,34715],{"class":165},"# Wrong examples:\n",[43,34717,34718],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34719,34720],{"class":165},"# data().values()\n",[43,34722,34723],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34724,34725],{"class":165},"# values(data)\n",[14,34727,3950],{},[34,34729,34731],{"className":36,"code":34730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34732,34733,34747,34757,34771],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34734,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743,34745],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34736,142],{"class":141},[43,34738,145],{"class":53},[43,34740,3832],{"class":3510},[43,34742,145],{"class":53},[43,34744,12071],{"class":148},[43,34746,2377],{"class":53},[43,34748,34749,34751,34753,34755],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34750,142],{"class":141},[43,34752,145],{"class":53},[43,34754,12071],{"class":148},[43,34756,346],{"class":53},[43,34758,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767,34769],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,34760,142],{"class":141},[43,34762,145],{"class":53},[43,34764,12071],{"class":148},[43,34766,79],{"class":53},[43,34768,5974],{"class":148},[43,34770,7811],{"class":53},[43,34772,34773,34775,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,34774,142],{"class":141},[43,34776,145],{"class":53},[43,34778,8712],{"class":3510},[43,34780,145],{"class":53},[43,34782,12071],{"class":148},[43,34784,79],{"class":53},[43,34786,5974],{"class":148},[43,34788,6905],{"class":53},[81,34790,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,34792,2476,34794,5759],{"id":34793},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34795,32947],{},[14,34797,18043,34798,34800],{},[18,34799,17659],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1499,34802,13328,34804,24554],{"id":34803},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34805,17693],{},[14,34807,24557,34808,24561],{},[18,34809,34810],{},"list(...)",[1499,34812,26680,34814,2490],{"id":34813},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34815,32947],{},[14,34817,34818,34819,26688],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34820,6574],{},[1499,34822,13328,34824,34826],{"id":34823},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34825,32947],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34828,34829],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1499,34831,34833,34834,34836,34837,2490],{"id":34832},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34835,17693],{}," different from ",[18,34838,17699],{},[14,34840,34841,34843,34844,34846],{},[18,34842,17693],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34845,17699],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[81,34848,2497],{"id":2496},[389,34850,34851,34857,34863,34867,34873,34877],{},[392,34852,34853],{},[269,34854,11357,34855,11361],{"href":17684},[18,34856,17687],{},[392,34858,34859],{},[269,34860,11357,34861,11361],{"href":17696},[18,34862,17699],{},[392,34864,34865],{},[269,34866,11863],{"href":10010},[392,34868,34869],{},[269,34870,34872],{"href":34871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[392,34874,34875],{},[269,34876,24639],{"href":33796},[392,34878,34879],{},[269,34880,30973,34881],{"href":26302},[18,34882,34883],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2536,34885,34886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":34888},[34889,34890,34892,34893,34895,34896,34897,34898,34900,34911,34923],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":33117,"depth":131,"text":34891},"What values() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":33187,"depth":131,"text":34894},"What values() returns",{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":33666,"depth":131,"text":33667},{"id":33799,"depth":131,"text":33800},{"id":33958,"depth":131,"text":34899},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":34901},[34902,34904,34906,34908,34910],{"id":34173,"depth":138,"text":34903},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34264,"depth":138,"text":34905},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34398,"depth":138,"text":34907},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34551,"depth":138,"text":34909},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34647,"depth":138,"text":34648},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":34912},[34913,34915,34917,34919,34921],{"id":34793,"depth":138,"text":34914},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34803,"depth":138,"text":34916},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34813,"depth":138,"text":34918},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34823,"depth":138,"text":34920},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34832,"depth":138,"text":34922},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32934,"description":34924},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34930,"title":34931,"body":34932,"description":36363,"extension":2572,"meta":36364,"navigation":134,"path":36365,"seo":36366,"stem":36367,"__hash__":36368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34933,"toc":36315},[34934,34940,34945,34948,34964,34973,34975,35007,35013,35016,35111,35114,35119,35124,35127,35138,35140,35154,35160,35162,35167,35173,35176,35215,35223,35228,35231,35276,35279,35291,35297,35303,35307,35340,35343,35361,35364,35368,35407,35409,35429,35432,35444,35449,35455,35458,35513,35516,35527,35530,35541,35544,35548,35554,35556,35586,35589,35604,35607,35610,35629,35632,35648,35657,35659,35690,35696,35701,35704,35711,35742,35745,35767,35770,35773,35787,35791,35822,35837,35844,35851,35855,35863,35867,35875,35878,35927,35938,35940,35943,35949,35954,35964,35968,35971,35974,35978,35981,35983,36004,36008,36014,36025,36031,36033,36039,36063,36066,36129,36132,36160,36163,36225,36227,36232,36235,36242,36250,36257,36260,36268,36274,36276,36303,36312],[10,34935,4187,34937,4191],{"id":34936},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34938,34939],{},"dir()",[14,34941,32944,34942,34944],{},[18,34943,34939],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34946,34947],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[389,34949,34950,34953,34956,34961],{},[392,34951,34952],{},"learning Python",[392,34954,34955],{},"exploring a new object",[392,34957,34958,34959],{},"debugging an ",[18,34960,26295],{},[392,34962,34963],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34965,34966,34967,34969,34970],{},"In short, ",[18,34968,34939],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[76,34971,34972],{},"“What can I use here?”",[81,34974,84],{"id":83},[34,34976,34978],{"className":36,"code":34977,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34979,34980,34992],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34981,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34983,8494],{"class":49},[43,34985,98],{"class":97},[43,34987,276],{"class":264},[43,34989,4459],{"class":268},[43,34991,3969],{"class":264},[43,34993,34994,34996,34998,35001,35003,35005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,34995,142],{"class":141},[43,34997,145],{"class":53},[43,34999,35000],{"class":141},"dir",[43,35002,145],{"class":53},[43,35004,8286],{"class":148},[43,35006,2377],{"class":53},[14,35008,230,35009,35012],{},[18,35010,35011],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,35014,35015],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[34,35017,35019],{"className":36,"code":35018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,35020,35021],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35022,35023,35025,35027,35030,35032,35034,35036,35039,35041,35043,35045,35048,35050,35052,35054,35057,35059,35061,35063,35066,35068,35070,35072,35075,35077,35079,35083,35085,35087,35089,35091,35093,35095,35098,35100,35102,35104,35107,35109],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35024,54],{"class":53},[43,35026,361],{"class":264},[43,35028,35029],{"class":268},"__add__",[43,35031,361],{"class":264},[43,35033,108],{"class":53},[43,35035,370],{"class":264},[43,35037,35038],{"class":268},"__class__",[43,35040,361],{"class":264},[43,35042,108],{"class":53},[43,35044,370],{"class":264},[43,35046,35047],{"class":268},"__contains__",[43,35049,361],{"class":264},[43,35051,108],{"class":53},[43,35053,370],{"class":264},[43,35055,35056],{"class":268},"__delattr__",[43,35058,361],{"class":264},[43,35060,108],{"class":53},[43,35062,370],{"class":264},[43,35064,35065],{"class":268},"__dir__",[43,35067,361],{"class":264},[43,35069,108],{"class":53},[43,35071,370],{"class":264},[43,35073,35074],{"class":268},"__doc__",[43,35076,361],{"class":264},[43,35078,108],{"class":53},[43,35080,35082],{"class":35081},"s_hVV"," ...",[43,35084,108],{"class":53},[43,35086,370],{"class":264},[43,35088,9259],{"class":268},[43,35090,361],{"class":264},[43,35092,108],{"class":53},[43,35094,370],{"class":264},[43,35096,35097],{"class":268},"split",[43,35099,361],{"class":264},[43,35101,108],{"class":53},[43,35103,370],{"class":264},[43,35105,35106],{"class":268},"upper",[43,35108,361],{"class":264},[43,35110,68],{"class":53},[14,35112,35113],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[81,35115,4289,35117,4292],{"id":35116},"what-dir-does",[18,35118,34939],{},[14,35120,35121,35123],{},[18,35122,34939],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,35125,35126],{},"It usually includes:",[389,35128,35129,35132,35135],{},[392,35130,35131],{},"attributes",[392,35133,35134],{},"methods",[392,35136,35137],{},"special Python names",[14,35139,12080],{},[389,35141,35142,35148,35151],{},[392,35143,35144,35145],{},"The result is a ",[76,35146,35147],{},"list of strings",[392,35149,35150],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[392,35152,35153],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,35155,35156,35157,35159],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,35158,34939],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[81,35161,2763],{"id":2762},[14,35163,35164,35166],{},[18,35165,34939],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1499,35168,35170,35172],{"id":35169},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,35171,34939],{}," with no argument",[14,35174,35175],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[34,35177,35179],{"className":36,"code":35178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,35180,35181,35189,35201,35205],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35182,35183,35185,35187],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35184,3634],{"class":49},[43,35186,98],{"class":97},[43,35188,3194],{"class":104},[43,35190,35191,35193,35195,35197,35199],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35192,8494],{"class":49},[43,35194,98],{"class":97},[43,35196,276],{"class":264},[43,35198,8295],{"class":268},[43,35200,3969],{"class":264},[43,35202,35203],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,35204,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35206,35207,35209,35211,35213],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,35208,142],{"class":141},[43,35210,145],{"class":53},[43,35212,35000],{"class":141},[43,35214,7811],{"class":53},[14,35216,35217,35218,1233,35220,35222],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,35219,2780],{},[18,35221,8286],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1499,35224,35226],{"id":35225},"dirobject",[18,35227,35011],{},[14,35229,35230],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[34,35232,35234],{"className":36,"code":35233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,35235,35236,35254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35237,35238,35240,35242,35244,35246,35248,35250,35252],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35239,142],{"class":141},[43,35241,145],{"class":53},[43,35243,35000],{"class":141},[43,35245,145],{"class":53},[43,35247,265],{"class":264},[43,35249,4459],{"class":268},[43,35251,265],{"class":264},[43,35253,2377],{"class":53},[43,35255,35256,35258,35260,35262,35264,35266,35268,35270,35272,35274],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35257,142],{"class":141},[43,35259,145],{"class":53},[43,35261,35000],{"class":141},[43,35263,3595],{"class":53},[43,35265,154],{"class":104},[43,35267,108],{"class":53},[43,35269,1525],{"class":104},[43,35271,108],{"class":53},[43,35273,1530],{"class":104},[43,35275,3608],{"class":53},[14,35277,35278],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[389,35280,35281,35283,35285,35288],{},[392,35282,5924],{},[392,35284,5915],{},[392,35286,35287],{},"modules",[392,35289,35290],{},"custom objects",[81,35292,2445,35294,35296],{"id":35293},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,35295,34939],{}," with a value",[14,35298,35299,35300,35302],{},"A common use of ",[18,35301,34939],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1499,35304,35306],{"id":35305},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[34,35308,35310],{"className":36,"code":35309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,35311,35312,35325],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35313,35314,35317,35319,35321,35323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35315,35316],{"class":49},"text ",[43,35318,98],{"class":97},[43,35320,276],{"class":264},[43,35322,4459],{"class":268},[43,35324,3969],{"class":264},[43,35326,35327,35329,35331,35333,35335,35338],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35328,142],{"class":141},[43,35330,145],{"class":53},[43,35332,35000],{"class":141},[43,35334,145],{"class":53},[43,35336,35337],{"class":148},"text",[43,35339,2377],{"class":53},[14,35341,35342],{},"You will see method names like:",[389,35344,35345,35349,35353,35357],{},[392,35346,35347],{},[18,35348,9259],{},[392,35350,35351],{},[18,35352,35106],{},[392,35354,35355],{},[18,35356,35097],{},[392,35358,35359],{},[18,35360,9253],{},[14,35362,35363],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1499,35365,35367],{"id":35366},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[34,35369,35371],{"className":36,"code":35370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,35372,35373,35393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35374,35375,35377,35379,35381,35383,35385,35387,35389,35391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35376,94],{"class":49},[43,35378,98],{"class":97},[43,35380,101],{"class":53},[43,35382,154],{"class":104},[43,35384,108],{"class":53},[43,35386,1525],{"class":104},[43,35388,108],{"class":53},[43,35390,1530],{"class":104},[43,35392,68],{"class":53},[43,35394,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403,35405],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35396,142],{"class":141},[43,35398,145],{"class":53},[43,35400,35000],{"class":141},[43,35402,145],{"class":53},[43,35404,149],{"class":148},[43,35406,2377],{"class":53},[14,35408,35342],{},[389,35410,35411,35415,35419,35424],{},[392,35412,35413],{},[18,35414,14178],{},[392,35416,35417],{},[18,35418,26865],{},[392,35420,35421],{},[18,35422,35423],{},"remove",[392,35425,35426],{},[18,35427,35428],{},"sort",[14,35430,35431],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35433,35434,35435,35440,35441,35443],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[269,35436,35438],{"href":35437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,35439,2909],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,35442,34939],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[81,35445,2445,35447,35172],{"id":35446},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,35448,34939],{},[14,35450,35451,35452,35454],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,35453,34939],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35456,35457],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[34,35459,35461],{"className":36,"code":35460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,35462,35463,35472,35476,35487,35499,35503],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35464,35465,35467,35469],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35466,3634],{"class":49},[43,35468,98],{"class":97},[43,35470,35471],{"class":104}," 5\n",[43,35473,35474],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35475,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35477,35478,35481,35485],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,35479,35480],{"class":2671},"def",[43,35482,35484],{"class":35483},"sGLFI"," greet",[43,35486,22217],{"class":53},[43,35488,35489,35492,35494,35497],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,35490,35491],{"class":4491},"    return",[43,35493,276],{"class":264},[43,35495,35496],{"class":268},"Hello",[43,35498,3969],{"class":264},[43,35500,35501],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,35502,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35504,35505,35507,35509,35511],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,35506,142],{"class":141},[43,35508,145],{"class":53},[43,35510,35000],{"class":141},[43,35512,7811],{"class":53},[14,35514,35515],{},"The output will include names like:",[389,35517,35518,35522],{},[392,35519,35520],{},[18,35521,2780],{},[392,35523,35524],{},[18,35525,35526],{},"greet",[14,35528,35529],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[389,35531,35532,35535,35538],{},[392,35533,35534],{},"what variables exist",[392,35536,35537],{},"what functions you have defined",[392,35539,35540],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35542,35543],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[81,35545,35547],{"id":35546},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35549,35550,35551,35553],{},"When you first use ",[18,35552,34939],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35555,494],{},[34,35557,35558],{"className":36,"code":35309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,35559,35560,35572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35561,35562,35564,35566,35568,35570],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35563,35316],{"class":49},[43,35565,98],{"class":97},[43,35567,276],{"class":264},[43,35569,4459],{"class":268},[43,35571,3969],{"class":264},[43,35573,35574,35576,35578,35580,35582,35584],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35575,142],{"class":141},[43,35577,145],{"class":53},[43,35579,35000],{"class":141},[43,35581,145],{"class":53},[43,35583,35337],{"class":148},[43,35585,2377],{"class":53},[14,35587,35588],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[389,35590,35591,35595,35599],{},[392,35592,35593],{},[18,35594,35038],{},[392,35596,35597],{},[18,35598,35074],{},[392,35600,35601],{},[18,35602,35603],{},"__len__",[14,35605,35606],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35608,35609],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[389,35611,35612,35616,35620,35624],{},[392,35613,35614],{},[18,35615,35106],{},[392,35617,35618],{},[18,35619,9259],{},[392,35621,35622],{},[18,35623,35097],{},[392,35625,35626],{},[18,35627,35628],{},"replace",[14,35630,35631],{},"A key point to remember:",[389,35633,35634,35642],{},[392,35635,35636,35638,35639],{},[18,35637,34939],{}," lists ",[76,35640,35641],{},"names only",[392,35643,35644,35645,35647],{},"it does ",[76,35646,1957],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35649,35650,35651,79],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[269,35652,35654],{"href":35653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35655,35656],{},"help()",[14,35658,996],{},[34,35660,35662],{"className":36,"code":35661,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35663,35664,35676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35667,8494],{"class":49},[43,35669,98],{"class":97},[43,35671,276],{"class":264},[43,35673,4459],{"class":268},[43,35675,3969],{"class":264},[43,35677,35678,35680,35682,35684,35686,35688],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35679,32779],{"class":141},[43,35681,145],{"class":53},[43,35683,8286],{"class":148},[43,35685,79],{"class":53},[43,35687,35106],{"class":25373},[43,35689,346],{"class":53},[81,35691,35693,35695],{"id":35692},"dir-on-modules",[18,35694,34939],{}," on modules",[14,35697,16337,35698,35700],{},[18,35699,34939],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35702,35703],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1499,35705,35707,35708,35710],{"id":35706},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35709,19039],{}," module",[34,35712,35714],{"className":36,"code":35713,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35715,35716,35724,35728],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35717,35718,35721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35719,35720],{"class":4491},"import",[43,35722,35723],{"class":49}," math\n",[43,35725,35726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35729,35730,35732,35734,35736,35738,35740],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,35731,142],{"class":141},[43,35733,145],{"class":53},[43,35735,35000],{"class":141},[43,35737,145],{"class":53},[43,35739,19039],{"class":148},[43,35741,2377],{"class":53},[14,35743,35744],{},"You may see names like:",[389,35746,35747,35752,35757,35762],{},[392,35748,35749],{},[18,35750,35751],{},"sqrt",[392,35753,35754],{},[18,35755,35756],{},"ceil",[392,35758,35759],{},[18,35760,35761],{},"floor",[392,35763,35764],{},[18,35765,35766],{},"pi",[14,35768,35769],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35771,35772],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[389,35774,35775,35781],{},[392,35776,35777],{},[269,35778,35780],{"href":35779},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[392,35782,35783],{},[269,35784,35786],{"href":35785},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1499,35788,35790],{"id":35789},"another-example","Another example",[34,35792,35794],{"className":36,"code":35793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35795,35796,35803,35807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35797,35798,35800],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35799,35720],{"class":4491},[43,35801,35802],{"class":49}," json\n",[43,35804,35805],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35808,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35820],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,35810,142],{"class":141},[43,35812,145],{"class":53},[43,35814,35000],{"class":141},[43,35816,145],{"class":53},[43,35818,35819],{"class":148},"json",[43,35821,2377],{"class":53},[14,35823,35824,35825,21,35828,21,35831,25,35834,79],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35826,35827],{},"dump",[18,35829,35830],{},"dumps",[18,35832,35833],{},"load",[18,35835,35836],{},"loads",[81,35838,35840,11205,35842],{"id":35839},"dir-vs-help",[18,35841,34939],{},[18,35843,35656],{},[14,35845,35846,1233,35848,35850],{},[18,35847,34939],{},[18,35849,35656],{}," are often used together.",[1499,35852,35853],{"id":35000},[18,35854,34939],{},[389,35856,35857,35860],{},[392,35858,35859],{},"shows available names",[392,35861,35862],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1499,35864,35865],{"id":32779},[18,35866,35656],{},[389,35868,35869,35872],{},[392,35870,35871],{},"explains what an object or function does",[392,35873,35874],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35876,35877],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[34,35879,35881],{"className":36,"code":35880,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35882,35883,35895,35899,35913],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35884,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35886,8494],{"class":49},[43,35888,98],{"class":97},[43,35890,276],{"class":264},[43,35892,4459],{"class":268},[43,35894,3969],{"class":264},[43,35896,35897],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,35898,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,35900,35901,35903,35905,35907,35909,35911],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,35902,142],{"class":141},[43,35904,145],{"class":53},[43,35906,35000],{"class":141},[43,35908,145],{"class":53},[43,35910,8286],{"class":148},[43,35912,2377],{"class":53},[43,35914,35915,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,35916,32779],{"class":141},[43,35918,145],{"class":53},[43,35920,8286],{"class":148},[43,35922,79],{"class":53},[43,35924,35106],{"class":25373},[43,35926,346],{"class":53},[14,35928,230,35929,35931,35932,35934,35935,35937],{},[18,35930,34939],{}," first to find a method name.",[10465,35933],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35936,35656],{}," to understand how to use it.",[81,35939,25981],{"id":25980},[14,35941,35942],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1499,35944,35946,35948],{"id":35945},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35947,34939],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35950,35951,35953],{},[18,35952,34939],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35955,35956,35957,35959,35960,35963],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35958,35106],{}," in ",[18,35961,35962],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1499,35965,35967],{"id":35966},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35969,35970],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35972,35973],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1499,35975,35977],{"id":35976},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35979,35980],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35982,996],{},[389,35984,35985,35990,35996],{},[392,35986,35987,35989],{},[18,35988,35962],{}," shows string-related names",[392,35991,35992,35995],{},[18,35993,35994],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[392,35997,35998,36001,36002,35710],{},[18,35999,36000],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,36003,19039],{},[1499,36005,36007],{"id":36006},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,36009,36010,36011,36013],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,36012,34939],{}," does not mean you already know:",[389,36015,36016,36019,36022],{},[392,36017,36018],{},"what it does",[392,36020,36021],{},"what arguments it needs",[392,36023,36024],{},"what it returns",[14,36026,36027,36028,36030],{},"That is why ",[18,36029,35656],{}," is the natural next step.",[81,36032,3438],{"id":3437},[14,36034,36035,36036,36038],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,36037,34939],{}," in these situations:",[389,36040,36041,36044,36053,36056],{},[392,36042,36043],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[392,36045,36046,36047,36052],{},"Seeing an ",[269,36048,36050],{"href":36049},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,36051,26295],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[392,36054,36055],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[392,36057,2445,36058,36060,36061],{},[18,36059,34939],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,36062,35656],{},[14,36064,36065],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[34,36067,36069],{"className":36,"code":36068,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,36070,36071,36083,36087,36101,36115],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36072,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36074,8494],{"class":49},[43,36076,98],{"class":97},[43,36078,276],{"class":264},[43,36080,4459],{"class":268},[43,36082,3969],{"class":264},[43,36084,36085],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36088,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36090,142],{"class":141},[43,36092,145],{"class":53},[43,36094,3832],{"class":3510},[43,36096,145],{"class":53},[43,36098,8286],{"class":148},[43,36100,2377],{"class":53},[43,36102,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36104,142],{"class":141},[43,36106,145],{"class":53},[43,36108,35000],{"class":141},[43,36110,145],{"class":53},[43,36112,8286],{"class":148},[43,36114,2377],{"class":53},[43,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,36118,32779],{"class":141},[43,36120,145],{"class":53},[43,36122,8286],{"class":148},[43,36124,79],{"class":53},[43,36126,35106],{"class":25373},[43,36128,346],{"class":53},[14,36130,36131],{},"And for modules:",[34,36133,36134],{"className":36,"code":35713,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,36135,36136,36142,36146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36137,36138,36140],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36139,35720],{"class":4491},[43,36141,35723],{"class":49},[43,36143,36144],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36145,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36147,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36149,142],{"class":141},[43,36151,145],{"class":53},[43,36153,35000],{"class":141},[43,36155,145],{"class":53},[43,36157,19039],{"class":148},[43,36159,2377],{"class":53},[14,36161,36162],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[34,36164,36166],{"className":36,"code":36165,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,36167,36168,36173,36185,36195,36209,36215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36169,36170],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36171,36172],{"class":49},"python\n",[43,36174,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36176,8494],{"class":49},[43,36178,98],{"class":97},[43,36180,276],{"class":264},[43,36182,4459],{"class":268},[43,36184,3969],{"class":264},[43,36186,36187,36189,36191,36193],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36188,35000],{"class":141},[43,36190,145],{"class":53},[43,36192,8286],{"class":148},[43,36194,346],{"class":53},[43,36196,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36198,32779],{"class":141},[43,36200,145],{"class":53},[43,36202,8286],{"class":148},[43,36204,79],{"class":53},[43,36206,35106],{"class":25373},[43,36208,346],{"class":53},[43,36210,36211,36213],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,36212,35720],{"class":4491},[43,36214,35723],{"class":49},[43,36216,36217,36219,36221,36223],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,36218,35000],{"class":141},[43,36220,145],{"class":53},[43,36222,19039],{"class":148},[43,36224,346],{"class":53},[81,36226,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,36228,2476,36230,5759],{"id":36229},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,36231,34939],{},[14,36233,36234],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1499,36236,5794,36238,1233,36240,2490],{"id":36237},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,36239,34939],{},[18,36241,35656],{},[14,36243,36244,36246,36247,36249],{},[18,36245,34939],{}," lists available names. ",[18,36248,35656],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1499,36251,36253,36254,36256],{"id":36252},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,36255,34939],{}," output?",[14,36258,36259],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1499,36261,5784,36263,36265,36266,2490],{"id":36262},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,36264,34939],{}," help fix ",[18,36267,26295],{},[14,36269,36270,36271,79],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[269,36272,36273],{"href":36049},"object has no attribute",[81,36275,2497],{"id":2496},[389,36277,36278,36284,36289,36293,36297],{},[392,36279,36280],{},[269,36281,4187,36282,4120],{"href":35653},[18,36283,35656],{},[392,36285,36286],{},[269,36287,36288],{"href":36049},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[392,36290,36291],{},[269,36292,35780],{"href":35779},[392,36294,36295],{},[269,36296,35786],{"href":35785},[392,36298,36299],{},[269,36300,4187,36301,4120],{"href":35437},[18,36302,2909],{},[14,36304,36305,36306,36308,36309,36311],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,36307,34939],{}," together with ",[18,36310,35656],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2536,36313,36314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":36316},[36317,36318,36320,36325,36330,36332,36333,36339,36344,36351,36352,36362],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":35116,"depth":131,"text":36319},"What dir() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":36321},[36322,36324],{"id":35169,"depth":138,"text":36323},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35225,"depth":138,"text":35011},{"id":35293,"depth":131,"text":36326,"children":36327},"Using dir() with a value",[36328,36329],{"id":35305,"depth":138,"text":35306},{"id":35366,"depth":138,"text":35367},{"id":35446,"depth":131,"text":36331},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35546,"depth":131,"text":35547},{"id":35692,"depth":131,"text":36334,"children":36335},"dir() on modules",[36336,36338],{"id":35706,"depth":138,"text":36337},"Example: math module",{"id":35789,"depth":138,"text":35790},{"id":35839,"depth":131,"text":36340,"children":36341},"dir() vs help()",[36342,36343],{"id":35000,"depth":138,"text":34939},{"id":32779,"depth":138,"text":35656},{"id":25980,"depth":131,"text":25981,"children":36345},[36346,36348,36349,36350],{"id":35945,"depth":138,"text":36347},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35966,"depth":138,"text":35967},{"id":35976,"depth":138,"text":35977},{"id":36006,"depth":138,"text":36007},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":36353},[36354,36356,36358,36360],{"id":36229,"depth":138,"text":36355},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36237,"depth":138,"text":36357},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36252,"depth":138,"text":36359},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36262,"depth":138,"text":36361},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34931,"description":36363},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36370,"title":36371,"body":36372,"description":38187,"extension":2572,"meta":38188,"navigation":134,"path":38189,"seo":38190,"stem":38191,"__hash__":38192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36373,"toc":38156},[36374,36380,36385,36388,36396,36402,36404,36484,36486,36512,36517,36522,36527,36530,36541,36544,36546,36625,36627,36653,36660,36662,36664,36689,36692,36704,36709,36711,36790,36792,36818,36827,36832,36840,36846,36853,36856,36858,36937,36940,36997,36999,37036,37042,37047,37052,37055,37069,37071,37174,37176,37219,37228,37238,37245,37251,37258,37341,37343,37366,37369,37372,37374,37378,37382,37385,37448,37470,37473,37477,37483,37485,37552,37555,37632,37637,37643,37646,37649,37695,37697,37721,37726,37730,37735,37741,37804,37807,37809,37812,37836,37839,37974,37976,38077,38079,38084,38087,38093,38103,38111,38116,38122,38128,38130,38153],[10,36375,4187,36377,4191],{"id":36376},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,36378,36379],{},"enumerate()",[14,36381,36382,36384],{},[18,36383,36379],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,36386,36387],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[389,36389,36390,36393],{},[392,36391,36392],{},"the item itself",[392,36394,36395],{},"its index in the loop",[14,36397,36398,36399,36401],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,36400,36379],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[81,36403,84],{"id":83},[34,36405,36407],{"className":36,"code":36406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36408,36409,36441,36445,36468],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36410,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36412,13700],{"class":49},[43,36414,98],{"class":97},[43,36416,101],{"class":53},[43,36418,265],{"class":264},[43,36420,13717],{"class":268},[43,36422,265],{"class":264},[43,36424,108],{"class":53},[43,36426,276],{"class":264},[43,36428,18077],{"class":268},[43,36430,265],{"class":264},[43,36432,108],{"class":53},[43,36434,276],{"class":264},[43,36436,13734],{"class":268},[43,36438,265],{"class":264},[43,36440,68],{"class":53},[43,36442,36443],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36444,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36446,36447,36449,36452,36454,36457,36459,36462,36464,36466],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36448,6574],{"class":4491},[43,36450,36451],{"class":49}," index",[43,36453,108],{"class":53},[43,36455,36456],{"class":49}," color ",[43,36458,4498],{"class":4491},[43,36460,36461],{"class":141}," enumerate",[43,36463,145],{"class":53},[43,36465,18124],{"class":148},[43,36467,8960],{"class":53},[43,36469,36470,36472,36474,36477,36479,36482],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36471,8687],{"class":141},[43,36473,145],{"class":53},[43,36475,36476],{"class":148},"index",[43,36478,108],{"class":53},[43,36480,36481],{"class":148}," color",[43,36483,346],{"class":53},[14,36485,349],{},[34,36487,36489],{"className":36,"code":36488,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,36490,36491,36498,36505],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36492,36493,36495],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36494,1277],{"class":104},[43,36496,36497],{"class":49}," red\n",[43,36499,36500,36502],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36501,154],{"class":104},[43,36503,36504],{"class":49}," green\n",[43,36506,36507,36509],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36508,201],{"class":104},[43,36510,36511],{"class":49}," blue\n",[14,36513,230,36514,36516],{},[18,36515,36379],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[81,36518,4289,36520,4292],{"id":36519},"what-enumerate-does",[18,36521,36379],{},[14,36523,36524,36526],{},[18,36525,36379],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36528,36529],{},"It is commonly used with:",[389,36531,36532,36534,36536,36538],{},[392,36533,5915],{},[392,36535,5918],{},[392,36537,5924],{},[392,36539,36540],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36542,36543],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36545,494],{},[34,36547,36549],{"className":36,"code":36548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,36550,36551,36585,36589,36610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36552,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36572,36574,36576,36578,36581,36583],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36554,5610],{"class":49},[43,36556,98],{"class":97},[43,36558,101],{"class":53},[43,36560,265],{"class":264},[43,36562,13505],{"class":268},[43,36564,265],{"class":264},[43,36566,108],{"class":53},[43,36568,276],{"class":264},[43,36570,36571],{"class":268},"Ben",[43,36573,265],{"class":264},[43,36575,108],{"class":53},[43,36577,276],{"class":264},[43,36579,36580],{"class":268},"Cara",[43,36582,265],{"class":264},[43,36584,68],{"class":53},[43,36586,36587],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36588,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36592,6574],{"class":4491},[43,36594,36451],{"class":49},[43,36596,108],{"class":53},[43,36598,36599],{"class":49}," name ",[43,36601,4498],{"class":4491},[43,36603,36461],{"class":141},[43,36605,145],{"class":53},[43,36607,5654],{"class":148},[43,36609,8960],{"class":53},[43,36611,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36623],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36613,8687],{"class":141},[43,36615,145],{"class":53},[43,36617,36476],{"class":148},[43,36619,108],{"class":53},[43,36621,36622],{"class":148}," name",[43,36624,346],{"class":53},[14,36626,349],{},[34,36628,36630],{"className":36,"code":36629,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36631,36632,36639,36646],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36633,36634,36636],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36635,1277],{"class":104},[43,36637,36638],{"class":49}," Ana\n",[43,36640,36641,36643],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36642,154],{"class":104},[43,36644,36645],{"class":49}," Ben\n",[43,36647,36648,36650],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36649,201],{"class":104},[43,36651,36652],{"class":49}," Cara\n",[14,36654,36655,36656,79],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[269,36657,36659],{"href":36658},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[81,36661,2763],{"id":2762},[14,36663,2766],{},[34,36665,36667],{"className":36,"code":36666,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36668,36669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36670,36671,36674,36676,36678,36680,36683,36685,36687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36672,36673],{"class":141},"enumerate",[43,36675,145],{"class":53},[43,36677,4333],{"class":148},[43,36679,108],{"class":53},[43,36681,36682],{"class":9794}," start",[43,36684,98],{"class":97},[43,36686,1277],{"class":104},[43,36688,346],{"class":53},[14,36690,36691],{},"It has two parts:",[389,36693,36694,36699],{},[392,36695,36696,36698],{},[18,36697,4333],{},": the object you want to loop through",[392,36700,36701,36703],{},[18,36702,20],{},": the number to begin counting from",[14,36705,36706,36707,79],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36708,1277],{},[14,36710,494],{},[34,36712,36714],{"className":36,"code":36713,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36715,36716,36748,36752,36774],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36717,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36719,257],{"class":49},[43,36721,98],{"class":97},[43,36723,101],{"class":53},[43,36725,265],{"class":264},[43,36727,269],{"class":268},[43,36729,265],{"class":264},[43,36731,108],{"class":53},[43,36733,276],{"class":264},[43,36735,279],{"class":268},[43,36737,265],{"class":264},[43,36739,108],{"class":53},[43,36741,276],{"class":264},[43,36743,288],{"class":268},[43,36745,265],{"class":264},[43,36747,68],{"class":53},[43,36749,36750],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36751,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36753,36754,36756,36759,36761,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36755,6574],{"class":4491},[43,36757,36758],{"class":49}," i",[43,36760,108],{"class":53},[43,36762,36763],{"class":49}," letter ",[43,36765,4498],{"class":4491},[43,36767,36461],{"class":141},[43,36769,145],{"class":53},[43,36771,1079],{"class":148},[43,36773,8960],{"class":53},[43,36775,36776,36778,36780,36783,36785,36788],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36777,8687],{"class":141},[43,36779,145],{"class":53},[43,36781,36782],{"class":148},"i",[43,36784,108],{"class":53},[43,36786,36787],{"class":148}," letter",[43,36789,346],{"class":53},[14,36791,349],{},[34,36793,36795],{"className":36,"code":36794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36796,36797,36804,36811],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36798,36799,36801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36800,1277],{"class":104},[43,36802,36803],{"class":49}," a\n",[43,36805,36806,36808],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36807,154],{"class":104},[43,36809,36810],{"class":49}," b\n",[43,36812,36813,36815],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36814,201],{"class":104},[43,36816,36817],{"class":49}," c\n",[14,36819,36820,36821,79],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[269,36822,4187,36824,4120],{"href":36823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36825,36826],{},"range()",[81,36828,4289,36830,12328],{"id":36829},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36831,36379],{},[14,36833,36834,36836,36837,79],{},[18,36835,36379],{}," returns an ",[76,36838,36839],{},"enumerate object",[14,36841,36842,36843,36845],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36844,6574],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[389,36847,36848],{},[392,36849,36850],{},[18,36851,36852],{},"(index, item)",[14,36854,36855],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36857,494],{},[34,36859,36861],{"className":36,"code":36860,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36862,36863,36896,36900,36922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36864,36865,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36866,36867],{"class":49},"fruits ",[43,36869,98],{"class":97},[43,36871,101],{"class":53},[43,36873,265],{"class":264},[43,36875,4694],{"class":268},[43,36877,265],{"class":264},[43,36879,108],{"class":53},[43,36881,276],{"class":264},[43,36883,4703],{"class":268},[43,36885,265],{"class":264},[43,36887,108],{"class":53},[43,36889,276],{"class":264},[43,36891,33848],{"class":268},[43,36893,265],{"class":264},[43,36895,68],{"class":53},[43,36897,36898],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36911,36913,36915,36917,36920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36903,6574],{"class":4491},[43,36905,36451],{"class":49},[43,36907,108],{"class":53},[43,36909,36910],{"class":49}," fruit ",[43,36912,4498],{"class":4491},[43,36914,36461],{"class":141},[43,36916,145],{"class":53},[43,36918,36919],{"class":148},"fruits",[43,36921,8960],{"class":53},[43,36923,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36935],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36925,8687],{"class":141},[43,36927,145],{"class":53},[43,36929,36476],{"class":148},[43,36931,108],{"class":53},[43,36933,36934],{"class":148}," fruit",[43,36936,346],{"class":53},[14,36938,36939],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[34,36941,36943],{"className":36,"code":36942,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36944,36945,36965,36969,36987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36948,94],{"class":49},[43,36950,98],{"class":97},[43,36952,101],{"class":53},[43,36954,105],{"class":104},[43,36956,108],{"class":53},[43,36958,111],{"class":104},[43,36960,108],{"class":53},[43,36962,116],{"class":104},[43,36964,68],{"class":53},[43,36966,36967],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,36968,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,36970,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,36972,2836],{"class":49},[43,36974,98],{"class":97},[43,36976,23182],{"class":3510},[43,36978,145],{"class":53},[43,36980,36673],{"class":141},[43,36982,145],{"class":53},[43,36984,149],{"class":148},[43,36986,2377],{"class":53},[43,36988,36989,36991,36993,36995],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,36990,142],{"class":141},[43,36992,145],{"class":53},[43,36994,2871],{"class":148},[43,36996,346],{"class":53},[14,36998,349],{},[34,37000,37002],{"className":36,"code":37001,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,37003,37004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37005,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37007,22362],{"class":53},[43,37009,1277],{"class":104},[43,37011,108],{"class":53},[43,37013,977],{"class":104},[43,37015,9852],{"class":53},[43,37017,9855],{"class":53},[43,37019,154],{"class":104},[43,37021,108],{"class":53},[43,37023,111],{"class":104},[43,37025,9852],{"class":53},[43,37027,9855],{"class":53},[43,37029,201],{"class":104},[43,37031,108],{"class":53},[43,37033,116],{"class":104},[43,37035,9868],{"class":53},[14,37037,37038,37039,37041],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,37040,36379],{}," produces.",[81,37043,5576,37045],{"id":37044},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,37046,36379],{},[14,37048,230,37049,37051],{},[18,37050,36379],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,37053,37054],{},"Common cases:",[389,37056,37057,37060,37063,37066],{},[392,37058,37059],{},"printing numbered output",[392,37061,37062],{},"building menus",[392,37064,37065],{},"showing positions in a list",[392,37067,37068],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,37070,494],{},[34,37072,37074],{"className":36,"code":37073,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,37075,37076,37111,37115,37145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37077,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37089,37091,37093,37095,37098,37100,37102,37104,37107,37109],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37079,30523],{"class":49},[43,37081,98],{"class":97},[43,37083,101],{"class":53},[43,37085,265],{"class":264},[43,37087,37088],{"class":268},"Wash dishes",[43,37090,265],{"class":264},[43,37092,108],{"class":53},[43,37094,276],{"class":264},[43,37096,37097],{"class":268},"Study Python",[43,37099,265],{"class":264},[43,37101,108],{"class":53},[43,37103,276],{"class":264},[43,37105,37106],{"class":268},"Go for a walk",[43,37108,265],{"class":264},[43,37110,68],{"class":53},[43,37112,37113],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37114,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37116,37117,37119,37121,37123,37126,37128,37130,37132,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37118,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37120,2803],{"class":49},[43,37122,108],{"class":53},[43,37124,37125],{"class":49}," task ",[43,37127,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37129,36461],{"class":141},[43,37131,145],{"class":53},[43,37133,37134],{"class":148},"tasks",[43,37136,108],{"class":53},[43,37138,36682],{"class":9794},[43,37140,98],{"class":97},[43,37142,154],{"class":104},[43,37144,8960],{"class":53},[43,37146,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37168,37170,37172],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37148,8687],{"class":141},[43,37150,145],{"class":53},[43,37152,22916],{"class":2671},[43,37154,265],{"class":268},[43,37156,9897],{"class":104},[43,37158,2846],{"class":148},[43,37160,22925],{"class":104},[43,37162,28938],{"class":268},[43,37164,9897],{"class":104},[43,37166,37167],{"class":148},"task",[43,37169,22925],{"class":104},[43,37171,265],{"class":268},[43,37173,346],{"class":53},[14,37175,349],{},[34,37177,37179],{"className":36,"code":37178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,37180,37181,37193,37205],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37182,37183,37185,37187,37190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37184,154],{"class":104},[43,37186,79],{"class":53},[43,37188,37189],{"class":25373}," Wash",[43,37191,37192],{"class":49}," dishes\n",[43,37194,37195,37197,37199,37202],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37196,201],{"class":104},[43,37198,79],{"class":53},[43,37200,37201],{"class":25373}," Study",[43,37203,37204],{"class":49}," Python\n",[43,37206,37207,37209,37211,37214,37216],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37208,181],{"class":104},[43,37210,79],{"class":53},[43,37212,37213],{"class":25373}," Go",[43,37215,4492],{"class":4491},[43,37217,37218],{"class":49}," a walk\n",[14,37220,37221,37222,37224,37225,79],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,37223,36379],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,37226,37227],{},"range(len(...))",[14,37229,37230,37231,79],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[269,37232,37234,37235,37237],{"href":37233},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,37236,36379],{}," in Python",[81,37239,37241,37242,37244],{"id":37240},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,37243,20],{}," argument",[14,37246,37247,37248,37250],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,37249,20],{}," argument.",[14,37252,37253,37254,11713,37256,59],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,37255,154],{},[18,37257,1277],{},[34,37259,37261],{"className":36,"code":37260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,37262,37263,37295,37299,37327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37264,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37266,13700],{"class":49},[43,37268,98],{"class":97},[43,37270,101],{"class":53},[43,37272,265],{"class":264},[43,37274,13717],{"class":268},[43,37276,265],{"class":264},[43,37278,108],{"class":53},[43,37280,276],{"class":264},[43,37282,18077],{"class":268},[43,37284,265],{"class":264},[43,37286,108],{"class":53},[43,37288,276],{"class":264},[43,37290,13734],{"class":268},[43,37292,265],{"class":264},[43,37294,68],{"class":53},[43,37296,37297],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37298,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37300,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37302,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37304,36451],{"class":49},[43,37306,108],{"class":53},[43,37308,36456],{"class":49},[43,37310,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37312,36461],{"class":141},[43,37314,145],{"class":53},[43,37316,18124],{"class":148},[43,37318,108],{"class":53},[43,37320,36682],{"class":9794},[43,37322,98],{"class":97},[43,37324,154],{"class":104},[43,37326,8960],{"class":53},[43,37328,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37330,8687],{"class":141},[43,37332,145],{"class":53},[43,37334,36476],{"class":148},[43,37336,108],{"class":53},[43,37338,36481],{"class":148},[43,37340,346],{"class":53},[14,37342,349],{},[34,37344,37346],{"className":36,"code":37345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,37347,37348,37354,37360],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37349,37350,37352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37351,154],{"class":104},[43,37353,36497],{"class":49},[43,37355,37356,37358],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37357,201],{"class":104},[43,37359,36504],{"class":49},[43,37361,37362,37364],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37363,181],{"class":104},[43,37365,36511],{"class":49},[14,37367,37368],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,37370,37371],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[81,37373,25981],{"id":25980},[14,37375,25984,37376,79],{},[18,37377,36379],{},[1499,37379,37381],{"id":37380},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,37383,37384],{},"In this loop:",[34,37386,37388],{"className":36,"code":37387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,37389,37390,37410,37414,37434],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37391,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37393,94],{"class":49},[43,37395,98],{"class":97},[43,37397,101],{"class":53},[43,37399,105],{"class":104},[43,37401,108],{"class":53},[43,37403,111],{"class":104},[43,37405,108],{"class":53},[43,37407,116],{"class":104},[43,37409,68],{"class":53},[43,37411,37412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37413,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37415,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37417,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37419,36451],{"class":49},[43,37421,108],{"class":53},[43,37423,22206],{"class":49},[43,37425,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37427,36461],{"class":141},[43,37429,145],{"class":53},[43,37431,149],{"class":148},[43,37433,8960],{"class":53},[43,37435,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37437,8687],{"class":141},[43,37439,145],{"class":53},[43,37441,36476],{"class":148},[43,37443,108],{"class":53},[43,37445,9051],{"class":148},[43,37447,346],{"class":53},[389,37449,37450,37460],{},[392,37451,37452,5398,37454,21,37456,21,37458],{},[18,37453,36476],{},[18,37455,1277],{},[18,37457,154],{},[18,37459,201],{},[392,37461,37462,5398,37464,21,37466,21,37468],{},[18,37463,3080],{},[18,37465,105],{},[18,37467,618],{},[18,37469,651],{},[14,37471,37472],{},"These are different things.",[1499,37474,37476],{"id":37475},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37478,37479,37480,37482],{},"Each item from ",[18,37481,36379],{}," is a pair.",[14,37484,7304],{},[34,37486,37488],{"className":36,"code":37487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,37489,37490,37514,37518,37538],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37491,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37493,8398],{"class":49},[43,37495,98],{"class":97},[43,37497,101],{"class":53},[43,37499,265],{"class":264},[43,37501,2780],{"class":268},[43,37503,265],{"class":264},[43,37505,108],{"class":53},[43,37507,276],{"class":264},[43,37509,12368],{"class":268},[43,37511,265],{"class":264},[43,37513,68],{"class":53},[43,37515,37516],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37517,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37519,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37521,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37523,36758],{"class":49},[43,37525,108],{"class":53},[43,37527,6577],{"class":49},[43,37529,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37531,36461],{"class":141},[43,37533,145],{"class":53},[43,37535,8427],{"class":148},[43,37537,8960],{"class":53},[43,37539,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37541,8687],{"class":141},[43,37543,145],{"class":53},[43,37545,36782],{"class":148},[43,37547,108],{"class":53},[43,37549,30132],{"class":148},[43,37551,346],{"class":53},[14,37553,37554],{},"But this causes an error:",[34,37556,37558],{"className":36,"code":37557,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,37559,37560,37584,37588,37613],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37561,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37563,8398],{"class":49},[43,37565,98],{"class":97},[43,37567,101],{"class":53},[43,37569,265],{"class":264},[43,37571,2780],{"class":268},[43,37573,265],{"class":264},[43,37575,108],{"class":53},[43,37577,276],{"class":264},[43,37579,12368],{"class":268},[43,37581,265],{"class":264},[43,37583,68],{"class":53},[43,37585,37586],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37587,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37589,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37591,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37593,36758],{"class":49},[43,37595,108],{"class":53},[43,37597,30132],{"class":49},[43,37599,108],{"class":53},[43,37601,37602],{"class":49}," extra ",[43,37604,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37606,36461],{"class":141},[43,37608,145],{"class":53},[43,37610,8427],{"class":148},[43,37612,8960],{"class":53},[43,37614,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37630],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37616,8687],{"class":141},[43,37618,145],{"class":53},[43,37620,36782],{"class":148},[43,37622,108],{"class":53},[43,37624,30132],{"class":148},[43,37626,108],{"class":53},[43,37628,37629],{"class":148}," extra",[43,37631,346],{"class":53},[14,37633,29686,37634,37636],{},[18,37635,36379],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1499,37638,37640,37642],{"id":37639},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37641,36379],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37644,37645],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37647,37648],{},"Example with a string:",[34,37650,37652],{"className":36,"code":37651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37653,37654,37680],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37655,37656,37658,37660,37662,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37676,37678],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37657,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37659,36451],{"class":49},[43,37661,108],{"class":53},[43,37663,37664],{"class":49}," char ",[43,37666,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37668,36461],{"class":141},[43,37670,145],{"class":53},[43,37672,265],{"class":264},[43,37674,37675],{"class":268},"cat",[43,37677,265],{"class":264},[43,37679,8960],{"class":53},[43,37681,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37693],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37683,8687],{"class":141},[43,37685,145],{"class":53},[43,37687,36476],{"class":148},[43,37689,108],{"class":53},[43,37691,37692],{"class":148}," char",[43,37694,346],{"class":53},[14,37696,349],{},[34,37698,37700],{"className":36,"code":37699,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37701,37702,37708,37714],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37703,37704,37706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37705,1277],{"class":104},[43,37707,36817],{"class":49},[43,37709,37710,37712],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37711,154],{"class":104},[43,37713,36803],{"class":49},[43,37715,37716,37718],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37717,201],{"class":104},[43,37719,37720],{"class":49}," t\n",[14,37722,37723,37724,79],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[269,37725,5751],{"href":6202},[1499,37727,37729],{"id":37728},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37731,37732,37733,79],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37734,36379],{},[14,37736,37737,37738,37740],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37739,6574],{}," loop:",[34,37742,37744],{"className":36,"code":37743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37745,37746,37778,37782,37794],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37747,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37749,13700],{"class":49},[43,37751,98],{"class":97},[43,37753,101],{"class":53},[43,37755,265],{"class":264},[43,37757,13717],{"class":268},[43,37759,265],{"class":264},[43,37761,108],{"class":53},[43,37763,276],{"class":264},[43,37765,18077],{"class":268},[43,37767,265],{"class":264},[43,37769,108],{"class":53},[43,37771,276],{"class":264},[43,37773,13734],{"class":268},[43,37775,265],{"class":264},[43,37777,68],{"class":53},[43,37779,37780],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37781,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,37783,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37785,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37787,36456],{"class":49},[43,37789,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37791,13748],{"class":49},[43,37793,7009],{"class":53},[43,37795,37796,37798,37800,37802],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37797,8687],{"class":141},[43,37799,145],{"class":53},[43,37801,33518],{"class":148},[43,37803,346],{"class":53},[14,37805,37806],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[81,37808,3438],{"id":3437},[14,37810,37811],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[389,37813,37814,37819,37825,37830],{},[392,37815,23723,37816,37818],{},[18,37817,36379],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[392,37820,37821,37822,37824],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37823,1277],{}," by default",[392,37826,2445,37827,37829],{},[18,37828,36379],{}," when only values are needed",[392,37831,1860,37832,1863,37834],{},[18,37833,36379],{},[18,37835,36826],{},[14,37837,37838],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[34,37840,37842],{"className":36,"code":37841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37843,37844,37866,37893,37927,37960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37845,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37847,142],{"class":141},[43,37849,145],{"class":53},[43,37851,36673],{"class":141},[43,37853,3595],{"class":53},[43,37855,105],{"class":104},[43,37857,108],{"class":53},[43,37859,111],{"class":104},[43,37861,108],{"class":53},[43,37863,116],{"class":104},[43,37865,3608],{"class":53},[43,37867,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,37869,142],{"class":141},[43,37871,145],{"class":53},[43,37873,8712],{"class":3510},[43,37875,145],{"class":53},[43,37877,36673],{"class":141},[43,37879,3595],{"class":53},[43,37881,105],{"class":104},[43,37883,108],{"class":53},[43,37885,111],{"class":104},[43,37887,108],{"class":53},[43,37889,116],{"class":104},[43,37891,37892],{"class":53},"])))\n",[43,37894,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,37896,142],{"class":141},[43,37898,145],{"class":53},[43,37900,8712],{"class":3510},[43,37902,145],{"class":53},[43,37904,36673],{"class":141},[43,37906,3595],{"class":53},[43,37908,105],{"class":104},[43,37910,108],{"class":53},[43,37912,111],{"class":104},[43,37914,108],{"class":53},[43,37916,116],{"class":104},[43,37918,18684],{"class":53},[43,37920,36682],{"class":9794},[43,37922,98],{"class":97},[43,37924,154],{"class":104},[43,37926,3521],{"class":53},[43,37928,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,37930,6574],{"class":4491},[43,37932,36758],{"class":49},[43,37934,108],{"class":53},[43,37936,22206],{"class":49},[43,37938,4498],{"class":4491},[43,37940,36461],{"class":141},[43,37942,3595],{"class":53},[43,37944,361],{"class":264},[43,37946,269],{"class":268},[43,37948,361],{"class":264},[43,37950,108],{"class":53},[43,37952,370],{"class":264},[43,37954,279],{"class":268},[43,37956,361],{"class":264},[43,37958,37959],{"class":53},"]):\n",[43,37961,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,37963,8687],{"class":141},[43,37965,145],{"class":53},[43,37967,36782],{"class":148},[43,37969,108],{"class":53},[43,37971,9051],{"class":148},[43,37973,346],{"class":53},[14,37975,17580],{},[34,37977,37979],{"className":36,"code":37978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37980,37981,38001,38033,38065,38071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37982,37983,37985,37987,37989,37992,37996,37999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37984,3901],{"class":97},[43,37986,36673],{"class":141},[43,37988,25240],{"class":3510},[43,37990,37991],{"class":49}," at ",[43,37993,37995],{"class":37994},"srjyR","0x",[43,37997,37998],{"class":35081},"...",[43,38000,3913],{"class":97},[43,38002,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38004,22362],{"class":53},[43,38006,1277],{"class":104},[43,38008,108],{"class":53},[43,38010,977],{"class":104},[43,38012,9852],{"class":53},[43,38014,9855],{"class":53},[43,38016,154],{"class":104},[43,38018,108],{"class":53},[43,38020,111],{"class":104},[43,38022,9852],{"class":53},[43,38024,9855],{"class":53},[43,38026,201],{"class":104},[43,38028,108],{"class":53},[43,38030,116],{"class":104},[43,38032,9868],{"class":53},[43,38034,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38036,22362],{"class":53},[43,38038,154],{"class":104},[43,38040,108],{"class":53},[43,38042,977],{"class":104},[43,38044,9852],{"class":53},[43,38046,9855],{"class":53},[43,38048,201],{"class":104},[43,38050,108],{"class":53},[43,38052,111],{"class":104},[43,38054,9852],{"class":53},[43,38056,9855],{"class":53},[43,38058,181],{"class":104},[43,38060,108],{"class":53},[43,38062,116],{"class":104},[43,38064,9868],{"class":53},[43,38066,38067,38069],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,38068,1277],{"class":104},[43,38070,36803],{"class":49},[43,38072,38073,38075],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,38074,154],{"class":104},[43,38076,36810],{"class":49},[81,38078,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,38080,2476,38082,5759],{"id":38081},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,38083,36379],{},[14,38085,38086],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1499,38088,13328,38090,38092],{"id":38089},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,38091,36379],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,38094,38095,38096,38098,38099,38102],{},"It starts at ",[18,38097,1277],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,38100,38101],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1499,38104,22042,38106,11713,38108,2490],{"id":38105},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,38107,36379],{},[18,38109,38110],{},"range(len(list))",[14,38112,37221,38113,38115],{},[18,38114,36379],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1499,38117,5784,38119,38121],{"id":38118},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,38120,36379],{}," be used with strings?",[14,38123,38124,38125,38127],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,38126,36379],{}," can return each character with its index.",[81,38129,2497],{"id":2496},[389,38131,38132,38136,38142,38149],{},[392,38133,38134],{},[269,38135,36659],{"href":36658},[392,38137,38138],{},[269,38139,4187,38140,4120],{"href":36823},[18,38141,36826],{},[392,38143,38144],{},[269,38145,38146,38147,37237],{"href":37233},"How to use ",[18,38148,36379],{},[392,38150,38151],{},[269,38152,5831],{"href":6202},[2536,38154,38155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":38157},[38158,38159,38161,38162,38164,38166,38168,38175,38176,38186],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":36519,"depth":131,"text":38160},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":36829,"depth":131,"text":38163},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37044,"depth":131,"text":38165},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37240,"depth":131,"text":38167},"Using the start argument",{"id":25980,"depth":131,"text":25981,"children":38169},[38170,38171,38172,38174],{"id":37380,"depth":138,"text":37381},{"id":37475,"depth":138,"text":37476},{"id":37639,"depth":138,"text":38173},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37728,"depth":138,"text":37729},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":38177},[38178,38180,38182,38184],{"id":38081,"depth":138,"text":38179},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38089,"depth":138,"text":38181},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38105,"depth":138,"text":38183},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38118,"depth":138,"text":38185},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36371,"description":38187},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38194,"title":38195,"body":38196,"description":40710,"extension":2572,"meta":40711,"navigation":134,"path":40712,"seo":40713,"stem":40714,"__hash__":40715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38197,"toc":40667},[38198,38204,38209,38212,38220,38234,38236,38327,38335,38340,38345,38347,38363,38365,38444,38446,38463,38469,38473,38475,38496,38500,38503,38515,38519,38522,38525,38542,38545,38621,38623,38640,38645,38649,38657,38660,38675,38677,38766,38768,38813,38816,38820,38823,38902,38904,38925,38928,38935,38940,38943,39046,39048,39073,39076,39083,39089,39094,39097,39108,39214,39216,39237,39245,39252,39258,39277,39282,39285,39304,39306,39391,39393,39422,39425,39430,39435,39438,39449,39451,39540,39542,39562,39568,39674,39676,39696,39699,39783,39785,39805,39812,39814,39818,39824,39827,39884,39887,39890,39951,39960,39963,39966,39994,39997,40057,40059,40076,40080,40083,40161,40163,40183,40186,40261,40265,40268,40270,40279,40284,40286,40337,40345,40357,40362,40423,40425,40442,40446,40509,40511,40536,40544,40546,40552,40558,40565,40573,40579,40582,40588,40598,40604,40610,40613,40630,40636,40638,40664],[10,38199,4187,38201,4191],{"id":38200},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,38202,38203],{},"filter()",[14,38205,38206,38208],{},[18,38207,38203],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,38210,38211],{},"It takes:",[389,38213,38214,38217],{},[392,38215,38216],{},"a function that checks each item",[392,38218,38219],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,38221,38222,38223,38226,38227,38230,38231,38233],{},"The result is ",[76,38224,38225],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,38228,38229],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,38232,25404],{}," to see the values.",[81,38235,84],{"id":83},[34,38237,38239],{"className":36,"code":38238,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38240,38241,38274,38310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38242,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38244,94],{"class":49},[43,38246,98],{"class":97},[43,38248,101],{"class":53},[43,38250,154],{"class":104},[43,38252,108],{"class":53},[43,38254,1525],{"class":104},[43,38256,108],{"class":53},[43,38258,1530],{"class":104},[43,38260,108],{"class":53},[43,38262,3064],{"class":104},[43,38264,108],{"class":53},[43,38266,5221],{"class":104},[43,38268,108],{"class":53},[43,38270,38271],{"class":104}," 6",[43,38273,68],{"class":53},[43,38275,38276,38278,38280,38283,38285,38288,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38277,2836],{"class":49},[43,38279,98],{"class":97},[43,38281,38282],{"class":141}," filter",[43,38284,145],{"class":53},[43,38286,38287],{"class":2671},"lambda",[43,38289,38291],{"class":38290},"sFwrP"," x",[43,38293,59],{"class":53},[43,38295,4495],{"class":148},[43,38297,7019],{"class":97},[43,38299,1525],{"class":104},[43,38301,7024],{"class":97},[43,38303,4447],{"class":104},[43,38305,108],{"class":53},[43,38307,2071],{"class":148},[43,38309,346],{"class":53},[43,38311,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38313,142],{"class":141},[43,38315,145],{"class":53},[43,38317,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38319,145],{"class":53},[43,38321,2871],{"class":148},[43,38323,5977],{"class":53},[43,38325,38326],{"class":165},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,38328,38329,38331,38332,38334],{},[18,38330,38203],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,38333,25404],{}," to see the results.",[81,38336,4289,38338,4292],{"id":38337},"what-filter-does",[18,38339,38203],{},[14,38341,38342,38344],{},[18,38343,38203],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,38346,2713],{},[389,38348,38349,38352,38358],{},[392,38350,38351],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[392,38353,38354,38355,38357],{},"if the test returns ",[18,38356,4216],{},", the item is kept",[392,38359,38354,38360,38362],{},[18,38361,4285],{},", the item is removed",[14,38364,494],{},[34,38366,38368],{"className":36,"code":38367,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38369,38370,38398,38402,38430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38371,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38373,94],{"class":49},[43,38375,98],{"class":97},[43,38377,101],{"class":53},[43,38379,154],{"class":104},[43,38381,108],{"class":53},[43,38383,1525],{"class":104},[43,38385,108],{"class":53},[43,38387,1530],{"class":104},[43,38389,108],{"class":53},[43,38391,3064],{"class":104},[43,38393,108],{"class":53},[43,38395,5221],{"class":104},[43,38397,68],{"class":53},[43,38399,38400],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38401,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38405,2836],{"class":49},[43,38407,98],{"class":97},[43,38409,38282],{"class":141},[43,38411,145],{"class":53},[43,38413,38287],{"class":2671},[43,38415,38291],{"class":38290},[43,38417,59],{"class":53},[43,38419,4495],{"class":148},[43,38421,4868],{"class":97},[43,38423,1530],{"class":104},[43,38425,108],{"class":53},[43,38427,2071],{"class":148},[43,38429,346],{"class":53},[43,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,38433,142],{"class":141},[43,38435,145],{"class":53},[43,38437,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38439,145],{"class":53},[43,38441,2871],{"class":148},[43,38443,2377],{"class":53},[14,38445,349],{},[34,38447,38449],{"className":36,"code":38448,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[4, 5]\n",[18,38450,38451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38452,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38454,54],{"class":53},[43,38456,159],{"class":104},[43,38458,108],{"class":53},[43,38460,5221],{"class":104},[43,38462,68],{"class":53},[14,38464,38465,38466,38468],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,38467,181],{}," are kept.",[81,38470,38472],{"id":38471},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38474,2766],{},[34,38476,38478],{"className":36,"code":38477,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,38479,38480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38481,38482,38484,38486,38489,38491,38494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38483,38229],{"class":141},[43,38485,145],{"class":53},[43,38487,38488],{"class":148},"function",[43,38490,108],{"class":53},[43,38492,38493],{"class":148}," iterable",[43,38495,346],{"class":53},[1499,38497,38498],{"id":38488},[18,38499,38488],{},[14,38501,38502],{},"This is the test function.",[389,38504,38505,38508],{},[392,38506,38507],{},"It receives one item at a time",[392,38509,38510,38511,3486,38513],{},"It should return ",[18,38512,4216],{},[18,38514,4285],{},[1499,38516,38517],{"id":4333},[18,38518,4333],{},[14,38520,38521],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38523,38524],{},"It can be:",[389,38526,38527,38530,38533,38536,38539],{},[392,38528,38529],{},"a list",[392,38531,38532],{},"a tuple",[392,38534,38535],{},"a string",[392,38537,38538],{},"a set",[392,38540,38541],{},"another iterable object",[14,38543,38544],{},"Example with a tuple:",[34,38546,38548],{"className":36,"code":38547,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38549,38550,38575,38579,38607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38551,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38553,94],{"class":49},[43,38555,98],{"class":97},[43,38557,9855],{"class":53},[43,38559,105],{"class":104},[43,38561,108],{"class":53},[43,38563,38564],{"class":104}," 15",[43,38566,108],{"class":53},[43,38568,111],{"class":104},[43,38570,108],{"class":53},[43,38572,9925],{"class":104},[43,38574,346],{"class":53},[43,38576,38577],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38578,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,38580,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38582,2836],{"class":49},[43,38584,98],{"class":97},[43,38586,38282],{"class":141},[43,38588,145],{"class":53},[43,38590,38287],{"class":2671},[43,38592,38291],{"class":38290},[43,38594,59],{"class":53},[43,38596,4495],{"class":148},[43,38598,5713],{"class":97},[43,38600,111],{"class":104},[43,38602,108],{"class":53},[43,38604,2071],{"class":148},[43,38606,346],{"class":53},[43,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,38610,142],{"class":141},[43,38612,145],{"class":53},[43,38614,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38616,145],{"class":53},[43,38618,2871],{"class":148},[43,38620,2377],{"class":53},[14,38622,349],{},[34,38624,38626],{"className":36,"code":38625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38627,38628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38629,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38631,54],{"class":53},[43,38633,618],{"class":104},[43,38635,108],{"class":53},[43,38637,9925],{"class":104},[43,38639,68],{"class":53},[14,38641,38642,38643,79],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[269,38644,5751],{"href":6202},[81,38646,38648],{"id":38647},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38650,38651,38652,22597,38654,79],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38653,38203],{},[76,38655,38656],{},"filter object",[14,38658,38659],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[389,38661,38662,38665,38670],{},[392,38663,38664],{},"loop through it",[392,38666,38667,38668],{},"convert it with ",[18,38669,25404],{},[392,38671,38667,38672],{},[18,38673,38674],{},"tuple()",[14,38676,494],{},[34,38678,38680],{"className":36,"code":38679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38681,38682,38724,38728,38738,38752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38683,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38685,2836],{"class":49},[43,38687,98],{"class":97},[43,38689,38282],{"class":141},[43,38691,145],{"class":53},[43,38693,38287],{"class":2671},[43,38695,38291],{"class":38290},[43,38697,59],{"class":53},[43,38699,4495],{"class":148},[43,38701,4868],{"class":97},[43,38703,1525],{"class":104},[43,38705,108],{"class":53},[43,38707,101],{"class":53},[43,38709,154],{"class":104},[43,38711,108],{"class":53},[43,38713,1525],{"class":104},[43,38715,108],{"class":53},[43,38717,1530],{"class":104},[43,38719,108],{"class":53},[43,38721,3064],{"class":104},[43,38723,1547],{"class":53},[43,38725,38726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,38729,38730,38732,38734,38736],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38731,142],{"class":141},[43,38733,145],{"class":53},[43,38735,2871],{"class":148},[43,38737,346],{"class":53},[43,38739,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,38741,142],{"class":141},[43,38743,145],{"class":53},[43,38745,3832],{"class":3510},[43,38747,145],{"class":53},[43,38749,2871],{"class":148},[43,38751,2377],{"class":53},[43,38753,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,38755,142],{"class":141},[43,38757,145],{"class":53},[43,38759,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38761,145],{"class":53},[43,38763,2871],{"class":148},[43,38765,2377],{"class":53},[14,38767,349],{},[34,38769,38771],{"className":36,"code":38770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38772,38773,38787,38801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38774,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38776,3901],{"class":97},[43,38778,38229],{"class":141},[43,38780,25240],{"class":3510},[43,38782,37991],{"class":49},[43,38784,37998],{"class":35081},[43,38786,3913],{"class":97},[43,38788,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38790,3901],{"class":97},[43,38792,3904],{"class":2671},[43,38794,370],{"class":264},[43,38796,38229],{"class":268},[43,38798,361],{"class":264},[43,38800,3913],{"class":97},[43,38802,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38804,54],{"class":53},[43,38806,181],{"class":104},[43,38808,108],{"class":53},[43,38810,3064],{"class":104},[43,38812,68],{"class":53},[14,38814,38815],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1499,38817,38819],{"id":38818},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38821,38822],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[34,38824,38826],{"className":36,"code":38825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38827,38828,38870,38874,38888],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38831,2836],{"class":49},[43,38833,98],{"class":97},[43,38835,38282],{"class":141},[43,38837,145],{"class":53},[43,38839,38287],{"class":2671},[43,38841,38291],{"class":38290},[43,38843,59],{"class":53},[43,38845,4495],{"class":148},[43,38847,4868],{"class":97},[43,38849,1525],{"class":104},[43,38851,108],{"class":53},[43,38853,101],{"class":53},[43,38855,154],{"class":104},[43,38857,108],{"class":53},[43,38859,1525],{"class":104},[43,38861,108],{"class":53},[43,38863,1530],{"class":104},[43,38865,108],{"class":53},[43,38867,3064],{"class":104},[43,38869,1547],{"class":53},[43,38871,38872],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,38875,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38877,142],{"class":141},[43,38879,145],{"class":53},[43,38881,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38883,145],{"class":53},[43,38885,2871],{"class":148},[43,38887,2377],{"class":53},[43,38889,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,38891,142],{"class":141},[43,38893,145],{"class":53},[43,38895,8712],{"class":3510},[43,38897,145],{"class":53},[43,38899,2871],{"class":148},[43,38901,2377],{"class":53},[14,38903,349],{},[34,38905,38907],{"className":36,"code":38906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38908,38909,38921],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38910,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38912,54],{"class":53},[43,38914,181],{"class":104},[43,38916,108],{"class":53},[43,38918,3064],{"class":104},[43,38920,68],{"class":53},[43,38922,38923],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38924,1778],{"class":53},[14,38926,38927],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[81,38929,2445,38931,1863,38933],{"id":38930},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38932,38203],{},[18,38934,38287],{},[14,38936,15811,38937,38939],{},[18,38938,38287],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38941,38942],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[34,38944,38946],{"className":36,"code":38945,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38947,38948,38990,38994,39032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38949,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38986,38988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38951,4685],{"class":49},[43,38953,98],{"class":97},[43,38955,101],{"class":53},[43,38957,265],{"class":264},[43,38959,4694],{"class":268},[43,38961,265],{"class":264},[43,38963,108],{"class":53},[43,38965,276],{"class":264},[43,38967,38968],{"class":268},"kiwi",[43,38970,265],{"class":264},[43,38972,108],{"class":53},[43,38974,276],{"class":264},[43,38976,4703],{"class":268},[43,38978,265],{"class":264},[43,38980,108],{"class":53},[43,38982,276],{"class":264},[43,38984,38985],{"class":268},"fig",[43,38987,265],{"class":264},[43,38989,68],{"class":53},[43,38991,38992],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,38993,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,38995,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39009,39011,39014,39016,39019,39021,39024,39026,39028,39030],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,38997,2836],{"class":49},[43,38999,98],{"class":97},[43,39001,38282],{"class":141},[43,39003,145],{"class":53},[43,39005,38287],{"class":2671},[43,39007,39008],{"class":38290}," word",[43,39010,59],{"class":53},[43,39012,39013],{"class":141}," len",[43,39015,145],{"class":53},[43,39017,39018],{"class":148},"word",[43,39020,4272],{"class":53},[43,39022,39023],{"class":97}," >",[43,39025,3064],{"class":104},[43,39027,108],{"class":53},[43,39029,6783],{"class":148},[43,39031,346],{"class":53},[43,39033,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39035,142],{"class":141},[43,39037,145],{"class":53},[43,39039,8712],{"class":3510},[43,39041,145],{"class":53},[43,39043,2871],{"class":148},[43,39045,2377],{"class":53},[14,39047,349],{},[34,39049,39051],{"className":36,"code":39050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,39052,39053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39054,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39056,54],{"class":53},[43,39058,361],{"class":264},[43,39060,4694],{"class":268},[43,39062,361],{"class":264},[43,39064,108],{"class":53},[43,39066,370],{"class":264},[43,39068,4703],{"class":268},[43,39070,361],{"class":264},[43,39072,68],{"class":53},[14,39074,39075],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,39077,39078,39079,79],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[269,39080,39082],{"href":39081},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[81,39084,2445,39086,39088],{"id":39085},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,39087,38203],{}," with a named function",[14,39090,39091,39092,79],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,39093,38287],{},[14,39095,39096],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[389,39098,39099,39102,39105],{},[392,39100,39101],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[392,39103,39104],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[392,39106,39107],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[34,39109,39111],{"className":36,"code":39110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39112,39113,39126,39141,39145,39177,39196,39200],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39114,39115,39117,39120,39122,39124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39116,35480],{"class":2671},[43,39118,39119],{"class":35483}," is_even",[43,39121,145],{"class":53},[43,39123,2846],{"class":38290},[43,39125,8960],{"class":53},[43,39127,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39129,35491],{"class":4491},[43,39131,7002],{"class":49},[43,39133,7019],{"class":97},[43,39135,1525],{"class":104},[43,39137,7024],{"class":97},[43,39139,39140],{"class":104}," 0\n",[43,39142,39143],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,39144,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39148,94],{"class":49},[43,39150,98],{"class":97},[43,39152,101],{"class":53},[43,39154,154],{"class":104},[43,39156,108],{"class":53},[43,39158,1525],{"class":104},[43,39160,108],{"class":53},[43,39162,1530],{"class":104},[43,39164,108],{"class":53},[43,39166,3064],{"class":104},[43,39168,108],{"class":53},[43,39170,5221],{"class":104},[43,39172,108],{"class":53},[43,39174,38271],{"class":104},[43,39176,68],{"class":53},[43,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39190,39192,39194],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,39180,2836],{"class":49},[43,39182,98],{"class":97},[43,39184,38282],{"class":141},[43,39186,145],{"class":53},[43,39188,39189],{"class":148},"is_even",[43,39191,108],{"class":53},[43,39193,2071],{"class":148},[43,39195,346],{"class":53},[43,39197,39198],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,39199,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39201,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,39203,142],{"class":141},[43,39205,145],{"class":53},[43,39207,8712],{"class":3510},[43,39209,145],{"class":53},[43,39211,2871],{"class":148},[43,39213,2377],{"class":53},[14,39215,349],{},[34,39217,39219],{"className":36,"code":39218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,39220,39221],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39222,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39224,54],{"class":53},[43,39226,201],{"class":104},[43,39228,108],{"class":53},[43,39230,3064],{"class":104},[43,39232,108],{"class":53},[43,39234,38271],{"class":104},[43,39236,68],{"class":53},[14,39238,21392,39239,3004,39242,39244],{},[18,39240,39241],{},"is_even()",[18,39243,4216],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[81,39246,2445,39248,1863,39250],{"id":39247},"using-none-with-filter",[18,39249,4391],{},[18,39251,38203],{},[14,39253,39254,39255,39257],{},"You can pass ",[18,39256,4391],{}," as the first argument:",[34,39259,39261],{"className":36,"code":39260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,39262,39263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39264,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39266,38229],{"class":141},[43,39268,145],{"class":53},[43,39270,4391],{"class":4466},[43,39272,108],{"class":53},[43,39274,38493],{"class":148},[43,39276,346],{"class":53},[14,39278,39279,39280,7957],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[76,39281,6212],{},[14,39283,39284],{},"Falsy values include:",[389,39286,39287,39291,39296,39300],{},[392,39288,39289],{},[18,39290,1277],{},[392,39292,39293,39295],{},[18,39294,4386],{}," (empty string)",[392,39297,39298],{},[18,39299,4391],{},[392,39301,39302],{},[18,39303,4285],{},[14,39305,494],{},[34,39307,39309],{"className":36,"code":39308,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39310,39311,39355,39359,39377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39312,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39314,8398],{"class":49},[43,39316,98],{"class":97},[43,39318,101],{"class":53},[43,39320,1277],{"class":104},[43,39322,108],{"class":53},[43,39324,6113],{"class":104},[43,39326,108],{"class":53},[43,39328,6741],{"class":264},[43,39330,108],{"class":53},[43,39332,276],{"class":264},[43,39334,4459],{"class":268},[43,39336,265],{"class":264},[43,39338,108],{"class":53},[43,39340,4467],{"class":4466},[43,39342,108],{"class":53},[43,39344,4530],{"class":4466},[43,39346,108],{"class":53},[43,39348,4521],{"class":4466},[43,39350,108],{"class":53},[43,39352,5221],{"class":104},[43,39354,68],{"class":53},[43,39356,39357],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39358,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39360,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,39362,2836],{"class":49},[43,39364,98],{"class":97},[43,39366,38282],{"class":141},[43,39368,145],{"class":53},[43,39370,4391],{"class":4466},[43,39372,108],{"class":53},[43,39374,704],{"class":148},[43,39376,346],{"class":53},[43,39378,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39380,142],{"class":141},[43,39382,145],{"class":53},[43,39384,8712],{"class":3510},[43,39386,145],{"class":53},[43,39388,2871],{"class":148},[43,39390,2377],{"class":53},[14,39392,349],{},[34,39394,39396],{"className":36,"code":39395,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,39397,39398],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39399,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39401,54],{"class":53},[43,39403,154],{"class":104},[43,39405,108],{"class":53},[43,39407,370],{"class":264},[43,39409,4459],{"class":268},[43,39411,361],{"class":264},[43,39413,108],{"class":53},[43,39415,4530],{"class":4466},[43,39417,108],{"class":53},[43,39419,5221],{"class":104},[43,39421,68],{"class":53},[14,39423,39424],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[81,39426,5576,39428],{"id":39427},"when-to-use-filter",[18,39429,38203],{},[14,39431,230,39432,39434],{},[18,39433,38203],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39436,39437],{},"It works well for:",[389,39439,39440,39443,39446],{},[392,39441,39442],{},"simple filtering rules",[392,39444,39445],{},"quick data cleaning",[392,39447,39448],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39450,494],{},[34,39452,39454],{"className":36,"code":39453,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,39455,39456,39488,39521,39525],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39457,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39459,94],{"class":49},[43,39461,98],{"class":97},[43,39463,101],{"class":53},[43,39465,154],{"class":104},[43,39467,108],{"class":53},[43,39469,1525],{"class":104},[43,39471,108],{"class":53},[43,39473,1530],{"class":104},[43,39475,108],{"class":53},[43,39477,3064],{"class":104},[43,39479,108],{"class":53},[43,39481,5221],{"class":104},[43,39483,108],{"class":53},[43,39485,38271],{"class":104},[43,39487,68],{"class":53},[43,39489,39490,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39491,39492],{"class":49},"evens ",[43,39494,98],{"class":97},[43,39496,38282],{"class":141},[43,39498,145],{"class":53},[43,39500,38287],{"class":2671},[43,39502,38291],{"class":38290},[43,39504,59],{"class":53},[43,39506,4495],{"class":148},[43,39508,7019],{"class":97},[43,39510,1525],{"class":104},[43,39512,7024],{"class":97},[43,39514,4447],{"class":104},[43,39516,108],{"class":53},[43,39518,2071],{"class":148},[43,39520,346],{"class":53},[43,39522,39523],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,39524,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39526,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39538],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39528,142],{"class":141},[43,39530,145],{"class":53},[43,39532,8712],{"class":3510},[43,39534,145],{"class":53},[43,39536,39537],{"class":148},"evens",[43,39539,2377],{"class":53},[14,39541,349],{},[34,39543,39544],{"className":36,"code":39218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39545,39546],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39547,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39549,54],{"class":53},[43,39551,201],{"class":104},[43,39553,108],{"class":53},[43,39555,3064],{"class":104},[43,39557,108],{"class":53},[43,39559,38271],{"class":104},[43,39561,68],{"class":53},[14,39563,39564,39565,39567],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39566,6574],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[34,39569,39571],{"className":36,"code":39570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39572,39573,39605,39613,39617,39629,39645,39660,39664],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39574,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39576,94],{"class":49},[43,39578,98],{"class":97},[43,39580,101],{"class":53},[43,39582,154],{"class":104},[43,39584,108],{"class":53},[43,39586,1525],{"class":104},[43,39588,108],{"class":53},[43,39590,1530],{"class":104},[43,39592,108],{"class":53},[43,39594,3064],{"class":104},[43,39596,108],{"class":53},[43,39598,5221],{"class":104},[43,39600,108],{"class":53},[43,39602,38271],{"class":104},[43,39604,68],{"class":53},[43,39606,39607,39609,39611],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39608,39492],{"class":49},[43,39610,98],{"class":97},[43,39612,8456],{"class":53},[43,39614,39615],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,39616,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39618,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39620,6574],{"class":4491},[43,39622,7002],{"class":49},[43,39624,4498],{"class":4491},[43,39626,2071],{"class":49},[43,39628,7009],{"class":53},[43,39630,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,39632,7014],{"class":4491},[43,39634,7002],{"class":49},[43,39636,7019],{"class":97},[43,39638,1525],{"class":104},[43,39640,7024],{"class":97},[43,39642,4447],{"class":104},[43,39644,7009],{"class":53},[43,39646,39647,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,39648,39649],{"class":49},"        evens",[43,39651,79],{"class":53},[43,39653,14178],{"class":148},[43,39655,145],{"class":53},[43,39657,2846],{"class":148},[43,39659,346],{"class":53},[43,39661,39662],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,39663,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39665,39666,39668,39670,39672],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,39667,142],{"class":141},[43,39669,145],{"class":53},[43,39671,39537],{"class":148},[43,39673,346],{"class":53},[14,39675,349],{},[34,39677,39678],{"className":36,"code":39218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39679,39680],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39681,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39683,54],{"class":53},[43,39685,201],{"class":104},[43,39687,108],{"class":53},[43,39689,3064],{"class":104},[43,39691,108],{"class":53},[43,39693,38271],{"class":104},[43,39695,68],{"class":53},[14,39697,39698],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[34,39700,39702],{"className":36,"code":39701,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39703,39704,39736,39769,39773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39705,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39707,94],{"class":49},[43,39709,98],{"class":97},[43,39711,101],{"class":53},[43,39713,154],{"class":104},[43,39715,108],{"class":53},[43,39717,1525],{"class":104},[43,39719,108],{"class":53},[43,39721,1530],{"class":104},[43,39723,108],{"class":53},[43,39725,3064],{"class":104},[43,39727,108],{"class":53},[43,39729,5221],{"class":104},[43,39731,108],{"class":53},[43,39733,38271],{"class":104},[43,39735,68],{"class":53},[43,39737,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39739,39492],{"class":49},[43,39741,98],{"class":97},[43,39743,101],{"class":53},[43,39745,2823],{"class":49},[43,39747,6574],{"class":4491},[43,39749,7002],{"class":49},[43,39751,4498],{"class":4491},[43,39753,39754],{"class":49}," numbers ",[43,39756,7614],{"class":4491},[43,39758,7002],{"class":49},[43,39760,7019],{"class":97},[43,39762,1525],{"class":104},[43,39764,7024],{"class":97},[43,39766,4447],{"class":104},[43,39768,68],{"class":53},[43,39770,39771],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,39772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,39774,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,39776,142],{"class":141},[43,39778,145],{"class":53},[43,39780,39537],{"class":148},[43,39782,346],{"class":53},[14,39784,349],{},[34,39786,39787],{"className":36,"code":39218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39788,39789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39790,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39792,54],{"class":53},[43,39794,201],{"class":104},[43,39796,108],{"class":53},[43,39798,3064],{"class":104},[43,39800,108],{"class":53},[43,39802,38271],{"class":104},[43,39804,68],{"class":53},[14,39806,39807,39808,79],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[269,39809,39811],{"href":39810},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[81,39813,3438],{"id":3437},[14,39815,15358,39816,79],{},[18,39817,38203],{},[1499,39819,9071,39821,39823],{"id":39820},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39822,38203],{}," to return a list",[14,39825,39826],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[34,39828,39830],{"className":36,"code":39829,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39831,39832,39874],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39833,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39835,2836],{"class":49},[43,39837,98],{"class":97},[43,39839,38282],{"class":141},[43,39841,145],{"class":53},[43,39843,38287],{"class":2671},[43,39845,38291],{"class":38290},[43,39847,59],{"class":53},[43,39849,4495],{"class":148},[43,39851,4868],{"class":97},[43,39853,1525],{"class":104},[43,39855,108],{"class":53},[43,39857,101],{"class":53},[43,39859,154],{"class":104},[43,39861,108],{"class":53},[43,39863,1525],{"class":104},[43,39865,108],{"class":53},[43,39867,1530],{"class":104},[43,39869,108],{"class":53},[43,39871,3064],{"class":104},[43,39873,1547],{"class":53},[43,39875,39876,39878,39880,39882],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39877,142],{"class":141},[43,39879,145],{"class":53},[43,39881,2871],{"class":148},[43,39883,346],{"class":53},[14,39885,39886],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39888,39889],{},"Fix:",[34,39891,39893],{"className":36,"code":39892,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39894,39895,39937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39896,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39898,2836],{"class":49},[43,39900,98],{"class":97},[43,39902,38282],{"class":141},[43,39904,145],{"class":53},[43,39906,38287],{"class":2671},[43,39908,38291],{"class":38290},[43,39910,59],{"class":53},[43,39912,4495],{"class":148},[43,39914,4868],{"class":97},[43,39916,1525],{"class":104},[43,39918,108],{"class":53},[43,39920,101],{"class":53},[43,39922,154],{"class":104},[43,39924,108],{"class":53},[43,39926,1525],{"class":104},[43,39928,108],{"class":53},[43,39930,1530],{"class":104},[43,39932,108],{"class":53},[43,39934,3064],{"class":104},[43,39936,1547],{"class":53},[43,39938,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947,39949],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39940,142],{"class":141},[43,39942,145],{"class":53},[43,39944,8712],{"class":3510},[43,39946,145],{"class":53},[43,39948,2871],{"class":148},[43,39950,2377],{"class":53},[1499,39952,39954,39955,3486,39957,39959],{"id":39953},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39956,4216],{},[18,39958,4285],{}," clearly",[14,39961,39962],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39964,39965],{},"Good example:",[34,39967,39969],{"className":36,"code":39968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39970,39971,39984],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39972,39973,39975,39978,39980,39982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39974,35480],{"class":2671},[43,39976,39977],{"class":35483}," is_positive",[43,39979,145],{"class":53},[43,39981,2846],{"class":38290},[43,39983,8960],{"class":53},[43,39985,39986,39988,39990,39992],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,39987,35491],{"class":4491},[43,39989,7002],{"class":49},[43,39991,4868],{"class":97},[43,39993,39140],{"class":104},[14,39995,39996],{},"Then use it with:",[34,39998,40000],{"className":36,"code":39999,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,40001,40002,40034],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40003,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40005,94],{"class":49},[43,40007,98],{"class":97},[43,40009,101],{"class":53},[43,40011,220],{"class":97},[43,40013,201],{"class":104},[43,40015,108],{"class":53},[43,40017,2828],{"class":97},[43,40019,154],{"class":104},[43,40021,108],{"class":53},[43,40023,4447],{"class":104},[43,40025,108],{"class":53},[43,40027,6113],{"class":104},[43,40029,108],{"class":53},[43,40031,1525],{"class":104},[43,40033,68],{"class":53},[43,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048,40051,40053,40055],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40037,142],{"class":141},[43,40039,145],{"class":53},[43,40041,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40043,145],{"class":53},[43,40045,38229],{"class":141},[43,40047,145],{"class":53},[43,40049,40050],{"class":148},"is_positive",[43,40052,108],{"class":53},[43,40054,2071],{"class":148},[43,40056,3521],{"class":53},[14,40058,349],{},[34,40060,40062],{"className":36,"code":40061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2]\n",[18,40063,40064],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40065,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40067,54],{"class":53},[43,40069,154],{"class":104},[43,40071,108],{"class":53},[43,40073,1525],{"class":104},[43,40075,68],{"class":53},[1499,40077,40079],{"id":40078},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,40081,40082],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[34,40084,40085],{"className":36,"code":38825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,40086,40087,40129,40133,40147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40088,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40090,2836],{"class":49},[43,40092,98],{"class":97},[43,40094,38282],{"class":141},[43,40096,145],{"class":53},[43,40098,38287],{"class":2671},[43,40100,38291],{"class":38290},[43,40102,59],{"class":53},[43,40104,4495],{"class":148},[43,40106,4868],{"class":97},[43,40108,1525],{"class":104},[43,40110,108],{"class":53},[43,40112,101],{"class":53},[43,40114,154],{"class":104},[43,40116,108],{"class":53},[43,40118,1525],{"class":104},[43,40120,108],{"class":53},[43,40122,1530],{"class":104},[43,40124,108],{"class":53},[43,40126,3064],{"class":104},[43,40128,1547],{"class":53},[43,40130,40131],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40132,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,40134,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,40136,142],{"class":141},[43,40138,145],{"class":53},[43,40140,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40142,145],{"class":53},[43,40144,2871],{"class":148},[43,40146,2377],{"class":53},[43,40148,40149,40151,40153,40155,40157,40159],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,40150,142],{"class":141},[43,40152,145],{"class":53},[43,40154,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40156,145],{"class":53},[43,40158,2871],{"class":148},[43,40160,2377],{"class":53},[14,40162,349],{},[34,40164,40165],{"className":36,"code":38906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,40166,40167,40179],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40168,40169,40171,40173,40175,40177],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40170,54],{"class":53},[43,40172,181],{"class":104},[43,40174,108],{"class":53},[43,40176,3064],{"class":104},[43,40178,68],{"class":53},[43,40180,40181],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40182,1778],{"class":53},[14,40184,40185],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[34,40187,40189],{"className":36,"code":40188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,40190,40191,40237,40241,40251],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40192,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40194,2836],{"class":49},[43,40196,98],{"class":97},[43,40198,23182],{"class":3510},[43,40200,145],{"class":53},[43,40202,38229],{"class":141},[43,40204,145],{"class":53},[43,40206,38287],{"class":2671},[43,40208,38291],{"class":38290},[43,40210,59],{"class":53},[43,40212,4495],{"class":148},[43,40214,4868],{"class":97},[43,40216,1525],{"class":104},[43,40218,108],{"class":53},[43,40220,101],{"class":53},[43,40222,154],{"class":104},[43,40224,108],{"class":53},[43,40226,1525],{"class":104},[43,40228,108],{"class":53},[43,40230,1530],{"class":104},[43,40232,108],{"class":53},[43,40234,3064],{"class":104},[43,40236,3608],{"class":53},[43,40238,40239],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,40242,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,40244,142],{"class":141},[43,40246,145],{"class":53},[43,40248,2871],{"class":148},[43,40250,346],{"class":53},[43,40252,40253,40255,40257,40259],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,40254,142],{"class":141},[43,40256,145],{"class":53},[43,40258,2871],{"class":148},[43,40260,346],{"class":53},[1499,40262,40264],{"id":40263},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,40266,40267],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,40269,1970],{},[34,40271,40273],{"className":36,"code":40272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,40274,40275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40276,40277],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40278,40272],{"class":165},[14,40280,40281,40282,7167],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,40283,105],{},[14,40285,17277],{},[34,40287,40289],{"className":36,"code":40288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,40290,40291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40292,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40294,142],{"class":141},[43,40296,145],{"class":53},[43,40298,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40300,145],{"class":53},[43,40302,38229],{"class":141},[43,40304,145],{"class":53},[43,40306,38287],{"class":2671},[43,40308,38291],{"class":38290},[43,40310,59],{"class":53},[43,40312,4495],{"class":148},[43,40314,4868],{"class":97},[43,40316,1525],{"class":104},[43,40318,108],{"class":53},[43,40320,101],{"class":53},[43,40322,154],{"class":104},[43,40324,108],{"class":53},[43,40326,1525],{"class":104},[43,40328,108],{"class":53},[43,40330,1530],{"class":104},[43,40332,108],{"class":53},[43,40334,3064],{"class":104},[43,40336,37892],{"class":53},[1499,40338,1860,40340,1863,40342],{"id":40339},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,40341,38203],{},[18,40343,40344],{},"map()",[389,40346,40347,40352],{},[392,40348,40349,40351],{},[18,40350,38203],{}," keeps or removes items",[392,40353,40354,40356],{},[18,40355,40344],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,40358,40359,40360,59],{},"Example of ",[18,40361,38203],{},[34,40363,40365],{"className":36,"code":40364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40366,40367,40391],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40368,40369,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40370,94],{"class":49},[43,40372,98],{"class":97},[43,40374,101],{"class":53},[43,40376,154],{"class":104},[43,40378,108],{"class":53},[43,40380,1525],{"class":104},[43,40382,108],{"class":53},[43,40384,1530],{"class":104},[43,40386,108],{"class":53},[43,40388,3064],{"class":104},[43,40390,68],{"class":53},[43,40392,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417,40419,40421],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40394,142],{"class":141},[43,40396,145],{"class":53},[43,40398,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40400,145],{"class":53},[43,40402,38229],{"class":141},[43,40404,145],{"class":53},[43,40406,38287],{"class":2671},[43,40408,38291],{"class":38290},[43,40410,59],{"class":53},[43,40412,4495],{"class":148},[43,40414,4868],{"class":97},[43,40416,1525],{"class":104},[43,40418,108],{"class":53},[43,40420,2071],{"class":148},[43,40422,3521],{"class":53},[14,40424,349],{},[34,40426,40428],{"className":36,"code":40427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 4]\n",[18,40429,40430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40431,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40433,54],{"class":53},[43,40435,181],{"class":104},[43,40437,108],{"class":53},[43,40439,3064],{"class":104},[43,40441,68],{"class":53},[14,40443,40359,40444,59],{},[18,40445,40344],{},[34,40447,40449],{"className":36,"code":40448,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40450,40451,40475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40452,40453,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40473],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40454,94],{"class":49},[43,40456,98],{"class":97},[43,40458,101],{"class":53},[43,40460,154],{"class":104},[43,40462,108],{"class":53},[43,40464,1525],{"class":104},[43,40466,108],{"class":53},[43,40468,1530],{"class":104},[43,40470,108],{"class":53},[43,40472,3064],{"class":104},[43,40474,68],{"class":53},[43,40476,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485,40488,40490,40492,40494,40496,40498,40501,40503,40505,40507],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40478,142],{"class":141},[43,40480,145],{"class":53},[43,40482,8712],{"class":3510},[43,40484,145],{"class":53},[43,40486,40487],{"class":141},"map",[43,40489,145],{"class":53},[43,40491,38287],{"class":2671},[43,40493,38291],{"class":38290},[43,40495,59],{"class":53},[43,40497,4495],{"class":148},[43,40499,40500],{"class":97},"*",[43,40502,1525],{"class":104},[43,40504,108],{"class":53},[43,40506,2071],{"class":148},[43,40508,3521],{"class":53},[14,40510,349],{},[34,40512,40514],{"className":36,"code":40513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,40515,40516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40517,40518,40520,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40519,54],{"class":53},[43,40521,201],{"class":104},[43,40523,108],{"class":53},[43,40525,3064],{"class":104},[43,40527,108],{"class":53},[43,40529,38271],{"class":104},[43,40531,108],{"class":53},[43,40533,6975],{"class":104},[43,40535,68],{"class":53},[14,40537,40538,40539,79],{},"For the related function, see ",[269,40540,4187,40542,4120],{"href":40541},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,40543,40344],{},[81,40545,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,40547,13328,40549,40551],{"id":40548},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,40550,38203],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40553,40554,40555,40557],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,40556,25404],{}," if needed.",[1499,40559,40561,40562,40564],{"id":40560},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,40563,38203],{}," need to return?",[14,40566,38510,40567,40569,40570,40572],{},[18,40568,4216],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40571,4285],{}," to remove it.",[1499,40574,28953,40576,40578],{"id":40575},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40577,38203],{}," without lambda?",[14,40580,40581],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1499,40583,2476,40585,2479],{"id":40584},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40586,40587],{},"filter(None, items)",[14,40589,40590,40591,40593,40594,25,40596,79],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40592,1277],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40595,4391],{},[18,40597,4285],{},[1499,40599,22042,40601,40603],{"id":40600},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40602,38203],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40605,40606,40607,40609],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40608,6574],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40611,40612],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[389,40614,40615,40621,40627],{},[392,40616,40617,40618,40620],{},"use ",[18,40619,38203],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[392,40622,40623,40624,40626],{},"use a ",[18,40625,6574],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[392,40628,40629],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40631,40632,40633,79],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[269,40634,5747],{"href":40635},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[81,40637,2497],{"id":2496},[389,40639,40640,40645,40649,40654,40660],{},[392,40641,40642],{},[269,40643,40644],{"href":39081},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[392,40646,40647],{},[269,40648,5836],{"href":40635},[392,40650,40651],{},[269,40652,40653],{"href":39810},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[392,40655,40656],{},[269,40657,4187,40658,4120],{"href":40541},[18,40659,40344],{},[392,40661,40662],{},[269,40663,5831],{"href":6202},[2536,40665,40666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":40668},[40669,40670,40672,40676,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40697,40709],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":38337,"depth":131,"text":40671},"What filter() does",{"id":38471,"depth":131,"text":38472,"children":40673},[40674,40675],{"id":38488,"depth":138,"text":38488},{"id":4333,"depth":138,"text":4333},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648,"children":40677},[40678],{"id":38818,"depth":138,"text":38819},{"id":38930,"depth":131,"text":40680},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39085,"depth":131,"text":40682},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39247,"depth":131,"text":40684},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39427,"depth":131,"text":40686},"When to use filter()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":40688},[40689,40691,40693,40694,40695],{"id":39820,"depth":138,"text":40690},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39953,"depth":138,"text":40692},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40078,"depth":138,"text":40079},{"id":40263,"depth":138,"text":40264},{"id":40339,"depth":138,"text":40696},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":40698},[40699,40701,40703,40705,40707],{"id":40548,"depth":138,"text":40700},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40560,"depth":138,"text":40702},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40575,"depth":138,"text":40704},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40584,"depth":138,"text":40706},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40600,"depth":138,"text":40708},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38195,"description":40710},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40717,"title":40718,"body":40719,"description":42870,"extension":2572,"meta":42871,"navigation":134,"path":42872,"seo":42873,"stem":42874,"__hash__":42875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40720,"toc":42824},[40721,40724,40729,40735,40737,40789,40791,40810,40815,40819,40824,40827,40842,40845,40867,40869,40918,40920,40944,40946,40948,40963,40968,40976,40991,40993,41002,41005,41040,41044,41049,41053,41060,41095,41097,41113,41117,41120,41161,41163,41177,41181,41184,41208,41210,41219,41223,41226,41259,41261,41274,41278,41284,41303,41305,41313,41317,41322,41326,41331,41354,41356,41385,41388,41407,41411,41414,41441,41443,41477,41481,41484,41508,41512,41523,41525,41530,41535,41537,41621,41623,41665,41668,41672,41679,41688,41744,41751,41760,41765,41769,41840,41842,41851,41855,41858,41902,41904,41913,41917,41923,41973,41977,41982,41986,42010,42012,42021,42025,42049,42051,42062,42066,42090,42092,42101,42104,42121,42127,42131,42137,42140,42145,42148,42169,42171,42203,42206,42211,42213,42224,42226,42270,42274,42281,42333,42335,42344,42348,42351,42444,42447,42471,42475,42478,42570,42575,42579,42586,42591,42615,42617,42626,42631,42654,42656,42664,42671,42694,42702,42704,42717,42727,42729,42733,42740,42744,42753,42757,42764,42768,42772,42776,42789,42791,42821],[10,40722,40718],{"id":40723},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40725,9741,40726,40728],{},[18,40727,3492],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40730,40731,40732,40734],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40733,3492],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[81,40736,84],{"id":83},[34,40738,40740],{"className":36,"code":40739,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40741,40742,40756,40775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40743,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40745,142],{"class":141},[43,40747,145],{"class":53},[43,40749,2798],{"class":3510},[43,40751,145],{"class":53},[43,40753,831],{"class":104},[43,40755,2377],{"class":53},[43,40757,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766,40768,40771,40773],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40759,142],{"class":141},[43,40761,145],{"class":53},[43,40763,2798],{"class":3510},[43,40765,145],{"class":53},[43,40767,265],{"class":264},[43,40769,40770],{"class":268},"3.14",[43,40772,265],{"class":264},[43,40774,2377],{"class":53},[43,40776,40777,40779,40781,40783,40785,40787],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,40778,142],{"class":141},[43,40780,145],{"class":53},[43,40782,2798],{"class":3510},[43,40784,145],{"class":53},[43,40786,4216],{"class":4466},[43,40788,2377],{"class":53},[14,40790,349],{},[34,40792,40794],{"className":36,"code":40793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40795,40796,40800,40805],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40797,40798],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40799,3087],{"class":104},[43,40801,40802],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40803,40804],{"class":104},"3.14\n",[43,40806,40807],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,40808,40809],{"class":104},"1.0\n",[14,40811,230,40812,40814],{},[18,40813,3492],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[81,40816,40818],{"id":40817},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40820,40821,40823],{},[18,40822,3492],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40825,40826],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[389,40828,40829,40833,40837],{},[392,40830,40831],{},[18,40832,3099],{},[392,40834,40835],{},[18,40836,40770],{},[392,40838,40839],{},[18,40840,40841],{},"0.5",[14,40843,40844],{},"A few key points:",[389,40846,40847,40854,40857,40860],{},[392,40848,40849,40851,40852],{},[18,40850,3492],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40853,2798],{},[392,40855,40856],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[392,40858,40859],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[392,40861,40862,40863],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[269,40864,40865],{"href":8838},[18,40866,3567],{},[14,40868,494],{},[34,40870,40872],{"className":36,"code":40871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40873,40874,40894,40904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40875,40876,40878,40880,40883,40885,40887,40890,40892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40877,2823],{"class":49},[43,40879,98],{"class":97},[43,40881,40882],{"class":3510}," float",[43,40884,145],{"class":53},[43,40886,265],{"class":264},[43,40888,40889],{"class":268},"2.75",[43,40891,265],{"class":264},[43,40893,346],{"class":53},[43,40895,40896,40898,40900,40902],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40897,142],{"class":141},[43,40899,145],{"class":53},[43,40901,2846],{"class":148},[43,40903,346],{"class":53},[43,40905,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,40907,142],{"class":141},[43,40909,145],{"class":53},[43,40911,3832],{"class":3510},[43,40913,145],{"class":53},[43,40915,2846],{"class":148},[43,40917,2377],{"class":53},[14,40919,349],{},[34,40921,40923],{"className":36,"code":40922,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40924,40925,40930],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40926,40927],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40928,40929],{"class":104},"2.75\n",[43,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,40933,3901],{"class":97},[43,40935,3904],{"class":2671},[43,40937,370],{"class":264},[43,40939,2798],{"class":268},[43,40941,361],{"class":264},[43,40943,3913],{"class":97},[81,40945,2763],{"id":2762},[14,40947,7835],{},[34,40949,40951],{"className":36,"code":40950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"float(value)\n",[18,40952,40953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40954,40955,40957,40959,40961],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40956,2798],{"class":3510},[43,40958,145],{"class":53},[43,40960,3080],{"class":148},[43,40962,346],{"class":53},[14,40964,40965,40966,79],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40967,3492],{},[14,40969,40970,40971,40973,40974,59],{},"If you call ",[18,40972,3492],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40975,4381],{},[34,40977,40979],{"className":36,"code":40978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float())\n",[18,40980,40981],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40982,40983,40985,40987,40989],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40984,142],{"class":141},[43,40986,145],{"class":53},[43,40988,2798],{"class":3510},[43,40990,7811],{"class":53},[14,40992,349],{},[34,40994,40996],{"className":36,"code":40995,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0.0\n",[18,40997,40998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40999,41000],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41001,40995],{"class":104},[14,41003,41004],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[34,41006,41008],{"className":36,"code":41007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,41009,41010,41030],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41011,41012,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41026,41028],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41013,41014],{"class":49},"price ",[43,41016,98],{"class":97},[43,41018,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41020,145],{"class":53},[43,41022,265],{"class":264},[43,41024,41025],{"class":268},"19.99",[43,41027,265],{"class":264},[43,41029,346],{"class":53},[43,41031,41032,41034,41036,41038],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41033,142],{"class":141},[43,41035,145],{"class":53},[43,41037,25773],{"class":148},[43,41039,346],{"class":53},[81,41041,41043],{"id":41042},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,41045,41046,41048],{},[18,41047,3492],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1499,41050,41052],{"id":41051},"integers","Integers",[14,41054,41055,41056,41059],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,41057,41058],{},".0"," added:",[34,41061,41063],{"className":36,"code":41062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,41064,41065,41079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41066,41067,41069,41071,41073,41075,41077],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41068,142],{"class":141},[43,41070,145],{"class":53},[43,41072,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41074,145],{"class":53},[43,41076,831],{"class":104},[43,41078,2377],{"class":53},[43,41080,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41082,142],{"class":141},[43,41084,145],{"class":53},[43,41086,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41088,145],{"class":53},[43,41090,220],{"class":97},[43,41092,201],{"class":104},[43,41094,2377],{"class":53},[14,41096,349],{},[34,41098,41100],{"className":36,"code":41099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,41101,41102,41106],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41103,41104],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41105,3087],{"class":104},[43,41107,41108,41110],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41109,220],{"class":97},[43,41111,41112],{"class":104},"2.0\n",[1499,41114,41116],{"id":41115},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,41118,41119],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[34,41121,41123],{"className":36,"code":41122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,41124,41125,41143],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41126,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41128,142],{"class":141},[43,41130,145],{"class":53},[43,41132,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41134,145],{"class":53},[43,41136,265],{"class":264},[43,41138,40770],{"class":268},[43,41140,265],{"class":264},[43,41142,2377],{"class":53},[43,41144,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41146,142],{"class":141},[43,41148,145],{"class":53},[43,41150,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41152,145],{"class":53},[43,41154,265],{"class":264},[43,41156,105],{"class":268},[43,41158,265],{"class":264},[43,41160,2377],{"class":53},[14,41162,349],{},[34,41164,41166],{"className":36,"code":41165,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,41167,41168,41172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41169,41170],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41171,40804],{"class":104},[43,41173,41174],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41175,41176],{"class":104},"10.0\n",[1499,41178,41180],{"id":41179},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,41182,41183],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[34,41185,41187],{"className":36,"code":41186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,41188,41189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41190,41191,41193,41195,41197,41199,41201,41204,41206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41192,142],{"class":141},[43,41194,145],{"class":53},[43,41196,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41198,145],{"class":53},[43,41200,265],{"class":264},[43,41202,41203],{"class":268},"  8.5  ",[43,41205,265],{"class":264},[43,41207,2377],{"class":53},[14,41209,349],{},[34,41211,41213],{"className":36,"code":41212,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8.5\n",[18,41214,41215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41216,41217],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41218,41212],{"class":104},[1499,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"booleans","Booleans",[14,41224,41225],{},"Boolean values also work:",[34,41227,41229],{"className":36,"code":41228,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,41230,41231,41245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41232,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241,41243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41234,142],{"class":141},[43,41236,145],{"class":53},[43,41238,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41240,145],{"class":53},[43,41242,4216],{"class":4466},[43,41244,2377],{"class":53},[43,41246,41247,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41248,142],{"class":141},[43,41250,145],{"class":53},[43,41252,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41254,145],{"class":53},[43,41256,4285],{"class":4466},[43,41258,2377],{"class":53},[14,41260,349],{},[34,41262,41264],{"className":36,"code":41263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,41265,41266,41270],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41267,41268],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41269,40809],{"class":104},[43,41271,41272],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41273,40995],{"class":104},[1499,41275,41277],{"id":41276},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,41279,41280,41281,41283],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,41282,3492],{}," returns a float version of it:",[34,41285,41287],{"className":36,"code":41286,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,41288,41289],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41292,142],{"class":141},[43,41294,145],{"class":53},[43,41296,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41298,145],{"class":53},[43,41300,2969],{"class":104},[43,41302,2377],{"class":53},[14,41304,349],{},[34,41306,41307],{"className":36,"code":2993,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,41308,41309],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41310,41311],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41312,2993],{"class":104},[81,41314,41316],{"id":41315},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,41318,41319,41320,79],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,41321,3492],{},[1499,41323,41325],{"id":41324},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,41327,41328,41329,59],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,41330,1553],{},[34,41332,41334],{"className":36,"code":41333,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,41335,41336],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41337,41338,41340,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41339,142],{"class":141},[43,41341,145],{"class":53},[43,41343,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41345,145],{"class":53},[43,41347,265],{"class":264},[43,41349,4459],{"class":268},[43,41351,265],{"class":264},[43,41353,2377],{"class":53},[14,41355,30306],{},[34,41357,41359],{"className":36,"code":41358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,41360,41361],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41362,41363,41365,41367,41370,41372,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41364,1553],{"class":3510},[43,41366,59],{"class":53},[43,41368,41369],{"class":49}," could ",[43,41371,1957],{"class":97},[43,41373,41374],{"class":49}," convert string to ",[43,41376,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41378,59],{"class":53},[43,41380,370],{"class":264},[43,41382,4459],{"class":268},[43,41384,30325],{"class":264},[14,41386,41387],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[34,41389,41391],{"className":36,"code":41390,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,41392,41393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41394,41395,41397,41399,41401,41403,41405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41396,142],{"class":141},[43,41398,145],{"class":53},[43,41400,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41402,145],{"class":53},[43,41404,6887],{"class":264},[43,41406,2377],{"class":53},[1499,41408,41410],{"id":41409},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,41412,41413],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[34,41415,41417],{"className":36,"code":41416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,41418,41419],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41420,41421,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433,41435,41437,41439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41422,142],{"class":141},[43,41424,145],{"class":53},[43,41426,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41428,3595],{"class":53},[43,41430,154],{"class":104},[43,41432,108],{"class":53},[43,41434,1525],{"class":104},[43,41436,108],{"class":53},[43,41438,1530],{"class":104},[43,41440,3608],{"class":53},[14,41442,30306],{},[34,41444,41446],{"className":36,"code":41445,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,41447,41448],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41449,41450,41452,41454,41456,41458,41461,41464,41467,41469,41471,41473,41475],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41451,3614],{"class":3510},[43,41453,59],{"class":53},[43,41455,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41457,7983],{"class":53},[43,41459,41460],{"class":49}," argument must be a string ",[43,41462,41463],{"class":97},"or",[43,41465,41466],{"class":49}," a real number",[43,41468,108],{"class":53},[43,41470,8718],{"class":97},[43,41472,370],{"class":264},[43,41474,8712],{"class":268},[43,41476,30325],{"class":264},[1499,41478,41480],{"id":41479},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41482,41483],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[34,41485,41487],{"className":36,"code":41486,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,41488,41489],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41490,41491,41493,41495,41497,41499,41501,41504,41506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41492,142],{"class":141},[43,41494,145],{"class":53},[43,41496,2798],{"class":3510},[43,41498,145],{"class":53},[43,41500,265],{"class":264},[43,41502,41503],{"class":268},"3,14",[43,41505,265],{"class":264},[43,41507,2377],{"class":53},[14,41509,3611,41510,79],{},[18,41511,1553],{},[14,41513,41514,41515,1233,41519,79],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[269,41516,41518],{"href":41517},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[269,41520,41522],{"href":41521},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[81,41524,18040],{"id":18039},[14,41526,41527,41529],{},[18,41528,3492],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41531,1954,41532,41534],{},[76,41533,1957],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41536,494],{},[34,41538,41540],{"className":36,"code":41539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,41541,41542,41555,41569,41573,41583,41593,41607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41543,41544,41546,41548,41550,41553],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41545,35316],{"class":49},[43,41547,98],{"class":97},[43,41549,276],{"class":264},[43,41551,41552],{"class":268},"6.5",[43,41554,3969],{"class":264},[43,41556,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41558,2823],{"class":49},[43,41560,98],{"class":97},[43,41562,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41564,145],{"class":53},[43,41566,35337],{"class":148},[43,41568,346],{"class":53},[43,41570,41571],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41572,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,41574,41575,41577,41579,41581],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41576,142],{"class":141},[43,41578,145],{"class":53},[43,41580,35337],{"class":148},[43,41582,346],{"class":53},[43,41584,41585,41587,41589,41591],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,41586,142],{"class":141},[43,41588,145],{"class":53},[43,41590,2846],{"class":148},[43,41592,346],{"class":53},[43,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603,41605],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,41596,142],{"class":141},[43,41598,145],{"class":53},[43,41600,3832],{"class":3510},[43,41602,145],{"class":53},[43,41604,35337],{"class":148},[43,41606,2377],{"class":53},[43,41608,41609,41611,41613,41615,41617,41619],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,41610,142],{"class":141},[43,41612,145],{"class":53},[43,41614,3832],{"class":3510},[43,41616,145],{"class":53},[43,41618,2846],{"class":148},[43,41620,2377],{"class":53},[14,41622,349],{},[34,41624,41626],{"className":36,"code":41625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,41627,41628,41633,41637,41651],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41629,41630],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41631,41632],{"class":104},"6.5\n",[43,41634,41635],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41636,41632],{"class":104},[43,41638,41639,41641,41643,41645,41647,41649],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41640,3901],{"class":97},[43,41642,3904],{"class":2671},[43,41644,370],{"class":264},[43,41646,4054],{"class":268},[43,41648,361],{"class":264},[43,41650,3913],{"class":97},[43,41652,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661,41663],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41654,3901],{"class":97},[43,41656,3904],{"class":2671},[43,41658,370],{"class":264},[43,41660,2798],{"class":268},[43,41662,361],{"class":264},[43,41664,3913],{"class":97},[14,41666,41667],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[81,41669,41671],{"id":41670},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1499,41673,41675,41676,41678],{"id":41674},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41677,3567],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41680,1242,41681,41685,41686,79],{},[269,41682,41683,2910],{"href":8838},[18,41684,3567],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41687,3492],{},[34,41689,41691],{"className":36,"code":41690,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41692,41693,41712,41726,41730],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41694,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705,41708,41710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41696,8856],{"class":49},[43,41698,98],{"class":97},[43,41700,8861],{"class":141},[43,41702,145],{"class":53},[43,41704,265],{"class":264},[43,41706,41707],{"class":268},"Enter a price: ",[43,41709,265],{"class":264},[43,41711,346],{"class":53},[43,41713,41714,41716,41718,41720,41722,41724],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41715,41014],{"class":49},[43,41717,98],{"class":97},[43,41719,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41721,145],{"class":53},[43,41723,8885],{"class":148},[43,41725,346],{"class":53},[43,41727,41728],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41729,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,41731,41732,41734,41736,41738,41740,41742],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41733,142],{"class":141},[43,41735,145],{"class":53},[43,41737,41014],{"class":148},[43,41739,40500],{"class":97},[43,41741,1525],{"class":104},[43,41743,346],{"class":53},[14,41745,41746,41747,41750],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41748,41749],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[34,41752,41754],{"className":36,"code":41753,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"9.0\n",[18,41755,41756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41757,41758],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41759,41753],{"class":104},[14,41761,41762,41763,79],{},"For more help with this, see ",[269,41764,9599],{"href":9598},[1499,41766,41768],{"id":41767},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[34,41770,41772],{"className":36,"code":41771,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41773,41774,41787,41800,41804,41829],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41775,41776,41778,41780,41782,41785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41777,3161],{"class":49},[43,41779,98],{"class":97},[43,41781,276],{"class":264},[43,41783,41784],{"class":268},"2.5",[43,41786,3969],{"class":264},[43,41788,41789,41791,41793,41795,41798],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41790,3189],{"class":49},[43,41792,98],{"class":97},[43,41794,276],{"class":264},[43,41796,41797],{"class":268},"1.5",[43,41799,3969],{"class":264},[43,41801,41802],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41803,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,41805,41806,41809,41811,41813,41815,41817,41819,41821,41823,41825,41827],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41807,41808],{"class":49},"total ",[43,41810,98],{"class":97},[43,41812,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41814,145],{"class":53},[43,41816,269],{"class":148},[43,41818,4272],{"class":53},[43,41820,3061],{"class":97},[43,41822,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41824,145],{"class":53},[43,41826,279],{"class":148},[43,41828,346],{"class":53},[43,41830,41831,41833,41835,41838],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,41832,142],{"class":141},[43,41834,145],{"class":53},[43,41836,41837],{"class":148},"total",[43,41839,346],{"class":53},[14,41841,349],{},[34,41843,41845],{"className":36,"code":41844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4.0\n",[18,41846,41847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41848,41849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41850,41844],{"class":104},[1499,41852,41854],{"id":41853},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41856,41857],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[34,41859,41861],{"className":36,"code":41860,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41862,41863,41873,41888,41892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41864,41865,41868,41870],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41866,41867],{"class":49},"count ",[43,41869,98],{"class":97},[43,41871,41872],{"class":104}," 7\n",[43,41874,41875,41877,41879,41881,41883,41886],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41876,2836],{"class":49},[43,41878,98],{"class":97},[43,41880,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41882,145],{"class":53},[43,41884,41885],{"class":148},"count",[43,41887,346],{"class":53},[43,41889,41890],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41891,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,41893,41894,41896,41898,41900],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41895,142],{"class":141},[43,41897,145],{"class":53},[43,41899,2871],{"class":148},[43,41901,346],{"class":53},[14,41903,349],{},[34,41905,41907],{"className":36,"code":41906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.0\n",[18,41908,41909],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41910,41911],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41912,41906],{"class":104},[1499,41914,41916],{"id":41915},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41918,41919,41920,41922],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41921,3492],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[34,41924,41926],{"className":36,"code":41925,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41927,41928,41942,41958,41962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41929,41930,41933,41935,41937,41940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41931,41932],{"class":49},"temperature_text ",[43,41934,98],{"class":97},[43,41936,276],{"class":264},[43,41938,41939],{"class":268},"21.8",[43,41941,3969],{"class":264},[43,41943,41944,41947,41949,41951,41953,41956],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,41945,41946],{"class":49},"temperature ",[43,41948,98],{"class":97},[43,41950,40882],{"class":3510},[43,41952,145],{"class":53},[43,41954,41955],{"class":148},"temperature_text",[43,41957,346],{"class":53},[43,41959,41960],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,41961,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,41963,41964,41966,41968,41971],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,41965,142],{"class":141},[43,41967,145],{"class":53},[43,41969,41970],{"class":148},"temperature",[43,41972,346],{"class":53},[81,41974,41976],{"id":41975},"special-values","Special values",[14,41978,41979,41981],{},[18,41980,3492],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1499,41983,41985],{"id":41984},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[34,41987,41989],{"className":36,"code":41988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41990,41991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,41992,41993,41995,41997,41999,42001,42003,42006,42008],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,41994,142],{"class":141},[43,41996,145],{"class":53},[43,41998,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42000,145],{"class":53},[43,42002,265],{"class":264},[43,42004,42005],{"class":268},"inf",[43,42007,265],{"class":264},[43,42009,2377],{"class":53},[14,42011,349],{},[34,42013,42015],{"className":36,"code":42014,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"inf\n",[18,42016,42017],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42018,42019],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42020,42014],{"class":49},[1499,42022,42024],{"id":42023},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[34,42026,42028],{"className":36,"code":42027,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,42029,42030],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42031,42032,42034,42036,42038,42040,42042,42045,42047],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42033,142],{"class":141},[43,42035,145],{"class":53},[43,42037,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42039,145],{"class":53},[43,42041,265],{"class":264},[43,42043,42044],{"class":268},"-inf",[43,42046,265],{"class":264},[43,42048,2377],{"class":53},[14,42050,349],{},[34,42052,42054],{"className":36,"code":42053,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-inf\n",[18,42055,42056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42057,42058,42060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42059,220],{"class":97},[43,42061,42014],{"class":49},[1499,42063,42065],{"id":42064},"not-a-number","Not a number",[34,42067,42069],{"className":36,"code":42068,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,42070,42071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42072,42073,42075,42077,42079,42081,42083,42086,42088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42074,142],{"class":141},[43,42076,145],{"class":53},[43,42078,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42080,145],{"class":53},[43,42082,265],{"class":264},[43,42084,42085],{"class":268},"nan",[43,42087,265],{"class":264},[43,42089,2377],{"class":53},[14,42091,349],{},[34,42093,42095],{"className":36,"code":42094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nan\n",[18,42096,42097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42098,42099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42100,42094],{"class":49},[14,42102,42103],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[389,42105,42106,42111,42116],{},[392,42107,42108,42110],{},[18,42109,42005],{}," means positive infinity",[392,42112,42113,42115],{},[18,42114,42044],{}," means negative infinity",[392,42117,42118,42120],{},[18,42119,42085],{}," means “not a number”",[14,42122,42123,42124,42126],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,42125,3492],{}," accepts them.",[81,42128,42130],{"id":42129},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,42132,42133,42134,42136],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,42135,3492],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1499,42138,1553],{"id":42139},"valueerror",[14,42141,15811,42142,42144],{},[18,42143,1553],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,42146,42147],{},"Common causes:",[389,42149,42150,42156,42159,42162],{},[392,42151,42152,42153],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,42154,42155],{},"\"abc\"",[392,42157,42158],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[392,42160,42161],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[392,42163,1849,42164],{},[269,42165,42166,42168],{"href":8838},[18,42167,3567],{}," returns a string",[14,42170,494],{},[34,42172,42174],{"className":36,"code":42173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,42175,42176,42189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42177,42178,42180,42182,42184,42187],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42179,3054],{"class":49},[43,42181,98],{"class":97},[43,42183,276],{"class":264},[43,42185,42186],{"class":268},"abc",[43,42188,3969],{"class":264},[43,42190,42191,42193,42195,42197,42199,42201],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42192,142],{"class":141},[43,42194,145],{"class":53},[43,42196,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42198,145],{"class":53},[43,42200,3080],{"class":148},[43,42202,2377],{"class":53},[1499,42204,3614],{"id":42205},"typeerror",[14,42207,15811,42208,42210],{},[18,42209,3614],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,42212,42147],{},[389,42214,42215,42218,42221],{},[392,42216,42217],{},"Passing a list",[392,42219,42220],{},"Passing a dictionary",[392,42222,42223],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,42225,494],{},[34,42227,42229],{"className":36,"code":42228,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,42230,42231,42256],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42232,42233,42235,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249,42252,42254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42234,3054],{"class":49},[43,42236,98],{"class":97},[43,42238,11110],{"class":53},[43,42240,265],{"class":264},[43,42242,25773],{"class":268},[43,42244,265],{"class":264},[43,42246,59],{"class":53},[43,42248,276],{"class":264},[43,42250,42251],{"class":268},"9.99",[43,42253,265],{"class":264},[43,42255,9928],{"class":53},[43,42257,42258,42260,42262,42264,42266,42268],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42259,142],{"class":141},[43,42261,145],{"class":53},[43,42263,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42265,145],{"class":53},[43,42267,3080],{"class":148},[43,42269,2377],{"class":53},[1499,42271,42273],{"id":42272},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,42275,42276,42277,42280],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,42278,42279],{},"strip()"," can help:",[34,42282,42284],{"className":36,"code":42283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,42285,42286,42299,42314,42318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42287,42288,42290,42292,42294,42297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42289,3054],{"class":49},[43,42291,98],{"class":97},[43,42293,276],{"class":264},[43,42295,42296],{"class":268},"  7.25  ",[43,42298,3969],{"class":264},[43,42300,42301,42304,42306,42308,42310,42312],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42302,42303],{"class":49},"clean_value ",[43,42305,98],{"class":97},[43,42307,9051],{"class":49},[43,42309,79],{"class":53},[43,42311,9253],{"class":148},[43,42313,9262],{"class":53},[43,42315,42316],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,42317,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,42319,42320,42322,42324,42326,42328,42331],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,42321,142],{"class":141},[43,42323,145],{"class":53},[43,42325,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42327,145],{"class":53},[43,42329,42330],{"class":148},"clean_value",[43,42332,2377],{"class":53},[14,42334,349],{},[34,42336,42338],{"className":36,"code":42337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.25\n",[18,42339,42340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42341,42342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42343,42337],{"class":104},[1499,42345,42347],{"id":42346},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,42349,42350],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[34,42352,42354],{"className":36,"code":42353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,42355,42356,42369,42373,42383,42397,42412,42416,42430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42357,42358,42360,42362,42364,42367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42359,3054],{"class":49},[43,42361,98],{"class":97},[43,42363,276],{"class":264},[43,42365,42366],{"class":268}," 3.5 ",[43,42368,3969],{"class":264},[43,42370,42371],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,42374,42375,42377,42379,42381],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,42376,142],{"class":141},[43,42378,145],{"class":53},[43,42380,3080],{"class":148},[43,42382,346],{"class":53},[43,42384,42385,42387,42389,42391,42393,42395],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,42386,142],{"class":141},[43,42388,145],{"class":53},[43,42390,3832],{"class":3510},[43,42392,145],{"class":53},[43,42394,3080],{"class":148},[43,42396,2377],{"class":53},[43,42398,42399,42401,42403,42406,42408,42410],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,42400,142],{"class":141},[43,42402,145],{"class":53},[43,42404,42405],{"class":141},"repr",[43,42407,145],{"class":53},[43,42409,3080],{"class":148},[43,42411,2377],{"class":53},[43,42413,42414],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,42415,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,42417,42418,42420,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,42419,42303],{"class":49},[43,42421,98],{"class":97},[43,42423,9051],{"class":49},[43,42425,79],{"class":53},[43,42427,9253],{"class":148},[43,42429,9262],{"class":53},[43,42431,42432,42434,42436,42438,42440,42442],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,42433,142],{"class":141},[43,42435,145],{"class":53},[43,42437,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42439,145],{"class":53},[43,42441,42330],{"class":148},[43,42443,2377],{"class":53},[14,42445,42446],{},"Why this helps:",[389,42448,42449,42455,42460,42466],{},[392,42450,42451,42454],{},[18,42452,42453],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[392,42456,42457,21989],{},[18,42458,42459],{},"print(type(value))",[392,42461,42462,42465],{},[18,42463,42464],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[392,42467,42468,42470],{},[18,42469,42279],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1499,42472,42474],{"id":42473},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42476,42477],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[34,42479,42481],{"className":36,"code":42480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,42482,42483,42502,42506,42512,42527,42546,42555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42484,42485,42487,42489,42491,42493,42495,42498,42500],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42486,3054],{"class":49},[43,42488,98],{"class":97},[43,42490,8861],{"class":141},[43,42492,145],{"class":53},[43,42494,265],{"class":264},[43,42496,42497],{"class":268},"Enter a number: ",[43,42499,265],{"class":264},[43,42501,346],{"class":53},[43,42503,42504],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42505,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,42507,42508,42510],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,42509,30429],{"class":4491},[43,42511,7009],{"class":53},[43,42513,42514,42517,42519,42521,42523,42525],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,42515,42516],{"class":49},"    number ",[43,42518,98],{"class":97},[43,42520,40882],{"class":3510},[43,42522,145],{"class":53},[43,42524,3080],{"class":148},[43,42526,346],{"class":53},[43,42528,42529,42531,42533,42535,42538,42540,42542,42544],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,42530,8687],{"class":141},[43,42532,145],{"class":53},[43,42534,265],{"class":264},[43,42536,42537],{"class":268},"Converted:",[43,42539,265],{"class":264},[43,42541,108],{"class":53},[43,42543,2803],{"class":148},[43,42545,346],{"class":53},[43,42547,42548,42550,42553],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,42549,30460],{"class":4491},[43,42551,42552],{"class":3510}," ValueError",[43,42554,7009],{"class":53},[43,42556,42557,42559,42561,42563,42566,42568],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,42558,8687],{"class":141},[43,42560,145],{"class":53},[43,42562,265],{"class":264},[43,42564,42565],{"class":268},"That is not a valid number.",[43,42567,265],{"class":264},[43,42569,346],{"class":53},[14,42571,42572,42573,79],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[269,42574,41522],{"href":41521},[81,42576,42578],{"id":42577},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42580,11210,42581,1233,42583,42585],{},[18,42582,3492],{},[18,42584,3485],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42587,42588,42590],{},[18,42589,3492],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[34,42592,42594],{"className":36,"code":42593,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42595,42596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42597,42598,42600,42602,42604,42606,42608,42611,42613],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42599,142],{"class":141},[43,42601,145],{"class":53},[43,42603,2798],{"class":3510},[43,42605,145],{"class":53},[43,42607,265],{"class":264},[43,42609,42610],{"class":268},"3.9",[43,42612,265],{"class":264},[43,42614,2377],{"class":53},[14,42616,349],{},[34,42618,42620],{"className":36,"code":42619,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.9\n",[18,42621,42622],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42623,42624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42625,42619],{"class":104},[14,42627,42628,42630],{},[18,42629,3485],{}," creates whole numbers:",[34,42632,42634],{"className":36,"code":42633,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,42635,42636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648,42650,42652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42639,142],{"class":141},[43,42641,145],{"class":53},[43,42643,2795],{"class":3510},[43,42645,145],{"class":53},[43,42647,265],{"class":264},[43,42649,105],{"class":268},[43,42651,265],{"class":264},[43,42653,2377],{"class":53},[14,42655,349],{},[34,42657,42658],{"className":36,"code":2983,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,42659,42660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42661,42662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42663,2983],{"class":104},[14,42665,42666,42667,42670],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42668,42669],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[34,42672,42674],{"className":36,"code":42673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42675,42676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42677,42678,42680,42682,42684,42686,42688,42690,42692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42679,142],{"class":141},[43,42681,145],{"class":53},[43,42683,2795],{"class":3510},[43,42685,145],{"class":53},[43,42687,265],{"class":264},[43,42689,42610],{"class":268},[43,42691,265],{"class":264},[43,42693,2377],{"class":53},[14,42695,3611,42696,9220,42698,42701],{},[18,42697,1553],{},[18,42699,42700],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42703,11333],{},[389,42705,42706,42712],{},[392,42707,42708,42711],{},[18,42709,42710],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[392,42713,42714,42716],{},[18,42715,42669],{}," fails",[14,42718,42719,42720,42723,42724,42726],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[269,42721,42722],{"href":3482},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[269,42725,3027],{"href":3026}," helpful.",[81,42728,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,42730,42732],{"id":42731},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42734,42735,42736,3486,42738,79],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42737,3099],{},[18,42739,40770],{},[1499,42741,42743],{"id":42742},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42745,42746,42747,3486,42750,79],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42748,42749],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42751,42752],{},"\"10\"",[1499,42754,42756],{"id":42755},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42758,29686,42759,42761,42762,79],{},[18,42760,42155],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42763,1553],{},[1499,42765,42767],{"id":42766},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42769,5762,42770,79],{},[18,42771,4381],{},[1499,42773,42775],{"id":42774},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42777,42778,42779,42781,42782,1233,42785,42781,42787,79],{},"Yes. ",[18,42780,4216],{}," becomes ",[18,42783,42784],{},"1.0",[18,42786,4285],{},[18,42788,4381],{},[81,42790,2497],{"id":2496},[389,42792,42793,42797,42803,42808,42812,42816],{},[392,42794,42795],{},[269,42796,42722],{"href":3482},[392,42798,42799],{},[269,42800,42802],{"href":42801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[392,42804,42805],{},[269,42806,42807],{"href":41517},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[392,42809,42810],{},[269,42811,9676],{"href":9598},[392,42813,42814],{},[269,42815,41522],{"href":41521},[392,42817,42818],{},[269,42819,42820],{"href":8838},"Python input() Function Explained",[2536,42822,42823],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":42825},[42826,42827,42828,42829,42836,42841,42842,42849,42854,42861,42862,42869],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":40817,"depth":131,"text":40818},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":41042,"depth":131,"text":41043,"children":42830},[42831,42832,42833,42834,42835],{"id":41051,"depth":138,"text":41052},{"id":41115,"depth":138,"text":41116},{"id":41179,"depth":138,"text":41180},{"id":41221,"depth":138,"text":41222},{"id":41276,"depth":138,"text":41277},{"id":41315,"depth":131,"text":41316,"children":42837},[42838,42839,42840],{"id":41324,"depth":138,"text":41325},{"id":41409,"depth":138,"text":41410},{"id":41479,"depth":138,"text":41480},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":41670,"depth":131,"text":41671,"children":42843},[42844,42846,42847,42848],{"id":41674,"depth":138,"text":42845},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41767,"depth":138,"text":41768},{"id":41853,"depth":138,"text":41854},{"id":41915,"depth":138,"text":41916},{"id":41975,"depth":131,"text":41976,"children":42850},[42851,42852,42853],{"id":41984,"depth":138,"text":41985},{"id":42023,"depth":138,"text":42024},{"id":42064,"depth":138,"text":42065},{"id":42129,"depth":131,"text":42130,"children":42855},[42856,42857,42858,42859,42860],{"id":42139,"depth":138,"text":1553},{"id":42205,"depth":138,"text":3614},{"id":42272,"depth":138,"text":42273},{"id":42346,"depth":138,"text":42347},{"id":42473,"depth":138,"text":42474},{"id":42577,"depth":131,"text":42578},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":42863},[42864,42865,42866,42867,42868],{"id":42731,"depth":138,"text":42732},{"id":42742,"depth":138,"text":42743},{"id":42755,"depth":138,"text":42756},{"id":42766,"depth":138,"text":42767},{"id":42774,"depth":138,"text":42775},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40718,"description":42870},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42877,"title":42878,"body":42879,"description":44099,"extension":2572,"meta":44100,"navigation":134,"path":35653,"seo":44101,"stem":44102,"__hash__":44103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42880,"toc":44065},[42881,42884,42889,42892,42894,42933,42947,42951,42956,42959,42976,42979,42988,43003,43006,43008,43011,43027,43030,43033,43053,43057,43068,43071,43075,43079,43093,43128,43132,43143,43178,43181,43183,43191,43224,43240,43242,43252,43273,43284,43286,43291,43294,43308,43310,43329,43332,43345,43348,43352,43356,43370,43373,43391,43394,43409,43413,43418,43432,43438,43440,43497,43499,43532,43535,43551,43555,43562,43566,43571,43574,43585,43589,43594,43609,43618,43623,43642,43645,43657,43659,43664,43674,43677,43706,43711,43720,43724,43729,43732,43736,43741,43743,43773,43776,43783,43788,43793,43797,43800,43808,43811,43889,43892,43914,43916,43920,43923,43927,43933,43996,44000,44008,44012,44015,44017,44042,44062],[10,42882,42878],{"id":42883},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42885,4194,42886,42888],{},[18,42887,35656],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42890,42891],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[81,42893,84],{"id":83},[34,42895,42897],{"className":36,"code":42896,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42898,42899,42909,42919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42900,42901,42903,42905,42907],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42902,32779],{"class":141},[43,42904,145],{"class":53},[43,42906,2370],{"class":141},[43,42908,346],{"class":53},[43,42910,42911,42913,42915,42917],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,42912,32779],{"class":141},[43,42914,145],{"class":53},[43,42916,4054],{"class":3510},[43,42918,346],{"class":53},[43,42920,42921,42923,42925,42927,42929,42931],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,42922,32779],{"class":141},[43,42924,145],{"class":53},[43,42926,361],{"class":264},[43,42928,35287],{"class":268},[43,42930,361],{"class":264},[43,42932,346],{"class":53},[14,42934,230,42935,42937,42938,3486,42940,42942,42943,42946],{},[18,42936,35656],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42939,2370],{},[18,42941,4054],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42944,42945],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[81,42948,42950],{"id":42949},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42952,42953,42955],{},[18,42954,35656],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42957,42958],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[389,42960,42961,42964,42967,42970,42973],{},[392,42962,42963],{},"Functions",[392,42965,42966],{},"Classes",[392,42968,42969],{},"Methods",[392,42971,42972],{},"Modules",[392,42974,42975],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42977,42978],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42980,42981,42982,42987],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[269,42983,42985],{"href":42984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42986,2448],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[34,42989,42991],{"className":36,"code":42990,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\n",[18,42992,42993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42994,42995,42997,42999,43001],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42996,32779],{"class":141},[43,42998,145],{"class":53},[43,43000,2370],{"class":141},[43,43002,346],{"class":53},[14,43004,43005],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[81,43007,2763],{"id":2762},[14,43009,43010],{},"The main form is:",[34,43012,43014],{"className":36,"code":43013,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(object)\n",[18,43015,43016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43017,43018,43020,43022,43025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43019,32779],{"class":141},[43,43021,145],{"class":53},[43,43023,43024],{"class":3510},"object",[43,43026,346],{"class":53},[14,43028,43029],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,43031,43032],{},"Common examples include:",[389,43034,43035,43039,43044,43048],{},[392,43036,43037],{},[18,43038,2370],{},[392,43040,43041],{},[18,43042,43043],{},"list.append",[392,43045,43046],{},[18,43047,4054],{},[392,43049,43050],{},[18,43051,43052],{},"open",[14,43054,7792,43055,7795],{},[18,43056,35656],{},[34,43058,43060],{"className":36,"code":43059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help()\n",[18,43061,43062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43063,43064,43066],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43065,32779],{"class":141},[43,43067,9262],{"class":53},[14,43069,43070],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[81,43072,43074],{"id":43073},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1499,43076,43078],{"id":43077},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,43080,43081,43082,21,43084,21,43086,25,43089,79],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,43083,2370],{},[18,43085,142],{},[18,43087,43088],{},"input",[269,43090,43091],{"href":2906},[18,43092,2909],{},[34,43094,43096],{"className":36,"code":43095,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,43097,43098,43108,43118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43099,43100,43102,43104,43106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43101,32779],{"class":141},[43,43103,145],{"class":53},[43,43105,142],{"class":141},[43,43107,346],{"class":53},[43,43109,43110,43112,43114,43116],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43111,32779],{"class":141},[43,43113,145],{"class":53},[43,43115,43088],{"class":141},[43,43117,346],{"class":53},[43,43119,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,43121,32779],{"class":141},[43,43123,145],{"class":53},[43,43125,3832],{"class":3510},[43,43127,346],{"class":53},[1499,43129,43131],{"id":43130},"data-types","Data types",[14,43133,43134,43135,21,43137,21,43139,25,43141,79],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,43136,4054],{},[18,43138,8712],{},[18,43140,9440],{},[18,43142,6902],{},[34,43144,43146],{"className":36,"code":43145,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,43147,43148,43158,43168],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43149,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43151,32779],{"class":141},[43,43153,145],{"class":53},[43,43155,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43157,346],{"class":53},[43,43159,43160,43162,43164,43166],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43161,32779],{"class":141},[43,43163,145],{"class":53},[43,43165,8712],{"class":3510},[43,43167,346],{"class":53},[43,43169,43170,43172,43174,43176],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,43171,32779],{"class":141},[43,43173,145],{"class":53},[43,43175,9440],{"class":3510},[43,43177,346],{"class":53},[14,43179,43180],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1499,43182,42969],{"id":35134},[14,43184,43185,43186,1233,43189,79],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,43187,43188],{},"str.split",[18,43190,43043],{},[34,43192,43194],{"className":36,"code":43193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,43195,43196,43210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43197,43198,43200,43202,43204,43206,43208],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43199,32779],{"class":141},[43,43201,145],{"class":53},[43,43203,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43205,79],{"class":53},[43,43207,35097],{"class":25373},[43,43209,346],{"class":53},[43,43211,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43213,32779],{"class":141},[43,43215,145],{"class":53},[43,43217,8712],{"class":3510},[43,43219,79],{"class":53},[43,43221,14178],{"class":25373},[43,43223,346],{"class":53},[14,43225,43226,43227,1863,43229,28938,43234,43236,43237,43239],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,43228,35656],{},[269,43230,43232],{"href":43231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,43233,34939],{},[18,43235,34939],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,43238,35656],{}," explains one of them.",[1499,43241,42972],{"id":35287},[14,43243,43244,43245,21,43247,25,43249,79],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,43246,19039],{},[18,43248,35819],{},[18,43250,43251],{},"os",[34,43253,43255],{"className":36,"code":43254,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,43256,43257,43263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43258,43259,43261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43260,35720],{"class":4491},[43,43262,35723],{"class":49},[43,43264,43265,43267,43269,43271],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43266,32779],{"class":141},[43,43268,145],{"class":53},[43,43270,19039],{"class":148},[43,43272,346],{"class":53},[14,43274,43275,43276,43280,43281,79],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[269,43277,43279],{"href":43278},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[269,43282,35786],{"href":43283},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[81,43285,35547],{"id":35546},[14,43287,43288,43290],{},[18,43289,35656],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,43292,43293],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[389,43295,43296,43299,43302,43305],{},[392,43297,43298],{},"The function signature",[392,43300,43301],{},"The short description",[392,43303,43304],{},"Parameter names",[392,43306,43307],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,43309,996],{},[34,43311,43313],{"className":36,"code":43312,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.split)\n",[18,43314,43315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43316,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325,43327],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43318,32779],{"class":141},[43,43320,145],{"class":53},[43,43322,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43324,79],{"class":53},[43,43326,35097],{"class":25373},[43,43328,346],{"class":53},[14,43330,43331],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[389,43333,43334,43337,43340,43342],{},[392,43335,43336],{},"What object this is",[392,43338,43339],{},"What arguments it accepts",[392,43341,22592],{},[392,43343,43344],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,43346,43347],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[81,43349,43351],{"id":43350},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,43353,43354,30499],{},[18,43355,35656],{},[389,43357,43358,43361,43364,43367],{},[392,43359,43360],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[392,43362,43363],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[392,43365,43366],{},"You are exploring a new module",[392,43368,43369],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,43371,43372],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[34,43374,43375],{"className":36,"code":43312,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,43376,43377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43378,43379,43381,43383,43385,43387,43389],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43380,32779],{"class":141},[43,43382,145],{"class":53},[43,43384,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43386,79],{"class":53},[43,43388,35097],{"class":25373},[43,43390,346],{"class":53},[14,43392,43393],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[34,43395,43397],{"className":36,"code":43396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(open)\n",[18,43398,43399],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43402,32779],{"class":141},[43,43404,145],{"class":53},[43,43406,43052],{"class":141},[43,43408,346],{"class":53},[81,43410,43412],{"id":43411},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,43414,43415,43417],{},[18,43416,35656],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[389,43419,43420,43423,43426,43429],{},[392,43421,43422],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[392,43424,43425],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[392,43427,43428],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[392,43430,43431],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,43433,43434,43435,43437],{},"So, ",[18,43436,35656],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,43439,996],{},[34,43441,43443],{"className":36,"code":43442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,43444,43445,43458,43482,43486],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43446,43447,43449,43451,43453,43456],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43448,35316],{"class":49},[43,43450,98],{"class":97},[43,43452,276],{"class":264},[43,43454,43455],{"class":268},"a,b,c",[43,43457,3969],{"class":264},[43,43459,43460,43463,43465,43468,43470,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43461,43462],{"class":49},"parts ",[43,43464,98],{"class":97},[43,43466,43467],{"class":49}," text",[43,43469,79],{"class":53},[43,43471,35097],{"class":148},[43,43473,145],{"class":53},[43,43475,265],{"class":264},[43,43477,108],{"class":268},[43,43479,265],{"class":264},[43,43481,346],{"class":53},[43,43483,43484],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,43485,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,43487,43488,43490,43492,43495],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,43489,142],{"class":141},[43,43491,145],{"class":53},[43,43493,43494],{"class":148},"parts",[43,43496,346],{"class":53},[14,43498,6175],{},[34,43500,43502],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43503,43504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43505,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528,43530],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43507,54],{"class":53},[43,43509,361],{"class":264},[43,43511,269],{"class":268},[43,43513,361],{"class":264},[43,43515,108],{"class":53},[43,43517,370],{"class":264},[43,43519,279],{"class":268},[43,43521,361],{"class":264},[43,43523,108],{"class":53},[43,43525,370],{"class":264},[43,43527,288],{"class":268},[43,43529,361],{"class":264},[43,43531,68],{"class":53},[14,43533,43534],{},"A good workflow is:",[29338,43536,43537,43542,43545,43548],{},[392,43538,230,43539,43541],{},[18,43540,35656],{}," to inspect something",[392,43543,43544],{},"Write a tiny example",[392,43546,43547],{},"Check the result",[392,43549,43550],{},"Repeat",[81,43552,43554],{"id":43553},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43556,43557,1233,43559,43561],{},[18,43558,35656],{},[18,43560,34939],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1499,43563,43564],{"id":32779},[18,43565,35656],{},[14,43567,230,43568,43570],{},[18,43569,35656],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43572,43573],{},"It tells you:",[389,43575,43576,43579,43582],{},[392,43577,43578],{},"What something is",[392,43580,43581],{},"How to use it",[392,43583,43584],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1499,43586,43587],{"id":35000},[18,43588,34939],{},[14,43590,230,43591,43593],{},[18,43592,34939],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[34,43595,43597],{"className":36,"code":43596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dir(str)\n",[18,43598,43599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43600,43601,43603,43605,43607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43602,35000],{"class":141},[43,43604,145],{"class":53},[43,43606,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43608,346],{"class":53},[14,43610,43611,43612,21,43614,25,43616,79],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43613,35097],{},[18,43615,9253],{},[18,43617,9259],{},[14,43619,43620,43621,59],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43622,35656],{},[34,43624,43626],{"className":36,"code":43625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43627,43628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43629,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638,43640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43631,32779],{"class":141},[43,43633,145],{"class":53},[43,43635,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43637,79],{"class":53},[43,43639,9259],{"class":25373},[43,43641,346],{"class":53},[14,43643,43644],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[389,43646,43647,43652],{},[392,43648,230,43649,43651],{},[18,43650,34939],{}," to discover options",[392,43653,230,43654,43656],{},[18,43655,35656],{}," to understand one option",[81,43658,3438],{"id":3437},[14,43660,43661,43662,79],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43663,35656],{},[1499,43665,2445,43667,43670,43671],{"id":43666},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43668,43669],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43672,43673],{},"help(len)",[14,43675,43676],{},"These are not always the same.",[34,43678,43680],{"className":36,"code":43679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43681,43682,43692],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43683,43684,43686,43688,43690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43685,32779],{"class":141},[43,43687,145],{"class":53},[43,43689,2370],{"class":141},[43,43691,346],{"class":53},[43,43693,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43695,32779],{"class":141},[43,43697,145],{"class":53},[43,43699,361],{"class":264},[43,43701,2370],{"class":268},[43,43703,361],{"class":264},[43,43705,346],{"class":53},[14,43707,43708,43710],{},[18,43709,43673],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43712,43713,43715,43716,43719],{},[18,43714,43669],{}," treats ",[18,43717,43718],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1499,43721,43723],{"id":43722},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43725,43726,43728],{},[18,43727,35656],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43730,43731],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1499,43733,43735],{"id":43734},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43737,40970,43738,43740],{},[18,43739,35656],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43742,494],{},[34,43744,43746],{"className":36,"code":43745,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43747,43748,43758],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43749,43750,43752,43754,43756],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43751,32779],{"class":141},[43,43753,145],{"class":53},[43,43755,2370],{"class":141},[43,43757,346],{"class":53},[43,43759,43760,43762,43764,43766,43769,43771],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43761,142],{"class":141},[43,43763,145],{"class":53},[43,43765,265],{"class":264},[43,43767,43768],{"class":268},"Done",[43,43770,265],{"class":264},[43,43772,346],{"class":53},[14,43774,43775],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1499,43777,1860,43779,1863,43781],{"id":43778},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43780,35656],{},[18,43782,34939],{},[14,43784,43785,43786,79],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43787,34939],{},[14,43789,43790,43791,79],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43792,35656],{},[81,43794,43796],{"id":43795},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43798,43799],{},"Open Python:",[34,43801,43802],{"className":36,"code":36172,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,43803,43804],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43805,43806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43807,36172],{"class":49},[14,43809,43810],{},"Then test these commands:",[34,43812,43814],{"className":36,"code":43813,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43815,43816,43826,43840,43854,43864,43879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43817,43818,43820,43822,43824],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43819,32779],{"class":141},[43,43821,145],{"class":53},[43,43823,2370],{"class":141},[43,43825,346],{"class":53},[43,43827,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43829,32779],{"class":141},[43,43831,145],{"class":53},[43,43833,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43835,79],{"class":53},[43,43837,35097],{"class":25373},[43,43839,346],{"class":53},[43,43841,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,43843,32779],{"class":141},[43,43845,145],{"class":53},[43,43847,8712],{"class":3510},[43,43849,79],{"class":53},[43,43851,14178],{"class":25373},[43,43853,346],{"class":53},[43,43855,43856,43858,43860,43862],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,43857,32779],{"class":141},[43,43859,145],{"class":53},[43,43861,43052],{"class":141},[43,43863,346],{"class":53},[43,43865,43866,43868,43870,43872,43875,43877],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,43867,32779],{"class":141},[43,43869,145],{"class":53},[43,43871,361],{"class":264},[43,43873,43874],{"class":268},"keywords",[43,43876,361],{"class":264},[43,43878,346],{"class":53},[43,43880,43881,43883,43885,43887],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,43882,35000],{"class":141},[43,43884,145],{"class":53},[43,43886,4054],{"class":3510},[43,43888,346],{"class":53},[14,43890,43891],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[389,43893,43894,43897,43900,43903,43906,43909],{},[392,43895,43896],{},"A built-in function",[392,43898,43899],{},"A string method",[392,43901,43902],{},"A list method",[392,43904,43905],{},"A built-in file function",[392,43907,43908],{},"A special help topic",[392,43910,15811,43911,43913],{},[18,43912,34939],{}," example for comparison",[81,43915,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,43917,43919],{"id":43918},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43921,43922],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1499,43924,43926],{"id":43925},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43928,43929,43930,43932],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43931,35656],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[34,43934,43936],{"className":36,"code":43935,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43937,43938,43950,43963,43982,43986],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43941,35480],{"class":2671},[43,43943,35484],{"class":35483},[43,43945,145],{"class":53},[43,43947,8286],{"class":38290},[43,43949,8960],{"class":53},[43,43951,43952,43956,43960],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,43953,43955],{"class":43954},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[43,43957,43959],{"class":43958},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[43,43961,43962],{"class":43954},"\"\"\"\n",[43,43964,43965,43967,43970,43973,43975,43977,43979],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,43966,35491],{"class":4491},[43,43968,43969],{"class":2671}," f",[43,43971,43972],{"class":268},"\"Hello, ",[43,43974,9897],{"class":104},[43,43976,8286],{"class":49},[43,43978,22925],{"class":104},[43,43980,43981],{"class":268},"!\"\n",[43,43983,43984],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,43985,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,43987,43988,43990,43992,43994],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,43989,32779],{"class":141},[43,43991,145],{"class":53},[43,43993,35526],{"class":148},[43,43995,346],{"class":53},[1499,43997,43999],{"id":43998},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,44001,44002,44004,44005,44007],{},[18,44003,43673],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,44006,43669],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1499,44009,44011],{"id":44010},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,44013,44014],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[81,44016,2497],{"id":2496},[389,44018,44019,44024,44028,44033,44038],{},[392,44020,44021],{},[269,44022,44023],{"href":43231},"Python dir() function explained",[392,44025,44026],{},[269,44027,9060],{"href":2906},[392,44029,44030],{},[269,44031,44032],{"href":42984},"Python len() function explained",[392,44034,44035],{},[269,44036,44037],{"href":43278},"How import works in Python",[392,44039,44040],{},[269,44041,35786],{"href":43283},[14,44043,44044,44045,44047,44048,21,44050,25,44052,44054,44055,3486,44058,44061],{},"Try ",[18,44046,35656],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,44049,2370],{},[18,44051,142],{},[18,44053,43088],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,44056,44057],{},"dir(str)",[18,44059,44060],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2536,44063,44064],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":44066},[44067,44068,44069,44070,44076,44077,44078,44079,44083,44091,44092,44098],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":42949,"depth":131,"text":42950},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":43073,"depth":131,"text":43074,"children":44071},[44072,44073,44074,44075],{"id":43077,"depth":138,"text":43078},{"id":43130,"depth":138,"text":43131},{"id":35134,"depth":138,"text":42969},{"id":35287,"depth":138,"text":42972},{"id":35546,"depth":131,"text":35547},{"id":43350,"depth":131,"text":43351},{"id":43411,"depth":131,"text":43412},{"id":43553,"depth":131,"text":43554,"children":44080},[44081,44082],{"id":32779,"depth":138,"text":35656},{"id":35000,"depth":138,"text":34939},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":44084},[44085,44087,44088,44089],{"id":43666,"depth":138,"text":44086},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43722,"depth":138,"text":43723},{"id":43734,"depth":138,"text":43735},{"id":43778,"depth":138,"text":44090},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43795,"depth":131,"text":43796},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":44093},[44094,44095,44096,44097],{"id":43918,"depth":138,"text":43919},{"id":43925,"depth":138,"text":43926},{"id":43998,"depth":138,"text":43999},{"id":44010,"depth":138,"text":44011},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42878,"description":44099},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44105,"title":44106,"body":44107,"description":45469,"extension":2572,"meta":45470,"navigation":134,"path":45471,"seo":45472,"stem":45473,"__hash__":45474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44108,"toc":45442},[44109,44115,44120,44126,44136,44195,44205,44216,44221,44227,44229,44247,44255,44257,44259,44274,44277,44288,44290,44381,44384,44388,44393,44414,44416,44527,44529,44556,44567,44571,44574,44657,44659,44667,44673,44679,44683,44686,44796,44798,44811,44814,44828,44836,44843,44848,44862,44868,44981,44983,45044,45047,45053,45059,45062,45084,45087,45157,45160,45192,45199,45201,45204,45222,45225,45237,45243,45245,45250,45276,45279,45351,45353,45359,45362,45368,45371,45377,45387,45393,45396,45403,45406,45408,45439],[10,44110,4187,44112,4191],{"id":44111},"python-id-function-explained",[18,44113,44114],{},"id()",[14,44116,32944,44117,44119],{},[18,44118,44114],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,44121,44122,44123,44125],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,44124,44114],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,44127,230,44128,44130,44131,44133,44134,79],{},[18,44129,44114],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[76,44132,1957],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,44135,5304],{},[34,44137,44139],{"className":36,"code":44138,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,44140,44141,44153,44167,44171,44181],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44142,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44144,8494],{"class":49},[43,44146,98],{"class":97},[43,44148,276],{"class":264},[43,44150,7914],{"class":268},[43,44152,3969],{"class":264},[43,44154,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44156,142],{"class":141},[43,44158,145],{"class":53},[43,44160,13273],{"class":141},[43,44162,145],{"class":53},[43,44164,8286],{"class":148},[43,44166,2377],{"class":53},[43,44168,44169],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44170,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44172,44173,44176,44178],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44174,44175],{"class":49},"other ",[43,44177,98],{"class":97},[43,44179,44180],{"class":49}," name\n",[43,44182,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44184,142],{"class":141},[43,44186,145],{"class":53},[43,44188,13273],{"class":141},[43,44190,145],{"class":53},[43,44192,31369],{"class":148},[43,44194,2377],{"class":53},[14,44196,44197,44198,44201,44202,44204],{},"In this example, ",[18,44199,44200],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,44203,44114],{}," values match.",[44206,44207,44208],"blockquote",{},[14,44209,230,44210,44212,44213,44215],{},[18,44211,44114],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,44214,5304],{}," for value comparison.",[81,44217,4289,44219,4292],{"id":44218},"what-id-does",[18,44220,44114],{},[14,44222,44223,44226],{},[18,44224,44225],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,44228,387],{},[389,44230,44231,44234,44241,44244],{},[392,44232,44233],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[392,44235,44236,44237,44240],{},"It shows ",[76,44238,44239],{},"object identity",", not object value",[392,44242,44243],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[392,44245,44246],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,44248,44249,44250,44254],{},"This is closely related to how ",[269,44251,44253],{"href":44252},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[81,44256,2763],{"id":2762},[14,44258,6050],{},[34,44260,44262],{"className":36,"code":44261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"id(object)\n",[18,44263,44264],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44265,44266,44268,44270,44272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44267,13273],{"class":141},[43,44269,145],{"class":53},[43,44271,43024],{"class":3510},[43,44273,346],{"class":53},[14,44275,44276],{},"Important details:",[389,44278,44279,44282,44285],{},[392,44280,44281],{},"It takes one argument",[392,44283,44284],{},"It returns an integer",[392,44286,44287],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,44289,494],{},[34,44291,44293],{"className":36,"code":44292,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,44294,44295,44307,44315,44335,44339,44353,44367],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44298,35316],{"class":49},[43,44300,98],{"class":97},[43,44302,276],{"class":264},[43,44304,4459],{"class":268},[43,44306,3969],{"class":264},[43,44308,44309,44311,44313],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44310,2823],{"class":49},[43,44312,98],{"class":97},[43,44314,3376],{"class":104},[43,44316,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44318,8398],{"class":49},[43,44320,98],{"class":97},[43,44322,101],{"class":53},[43,44324,154],{"class":104},[43,44326,108],{"class":53},[43,44328,1525],{"class":104},[43,44330,108],{"class":53},[43,44332,1530],{"class":104},[43,44334,68],{"class":53},[43,44336,44337],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44338,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44340,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44342,142],{"class":141},[43,44344,145],{"class":53},[43,44346,13273],{"class":141},[43,44348,145],{"class":53},[43,44350,35337],{"class":148},[43,44352,2377],{"class":53},[43,44354,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363,44365],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,44356,142],{"class":141},[43,44358,145],{"class":53},[43,44360,13273],{"class":141},[43,44362,145],{"class":53},[43,44364,2846],{"class":148},[43,44366,2377],{"class":53},[43,44368,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377,44379],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,44370,142],{"class":141},[43,44372,145],{"class":53},[43,44374,13273],{"class":141},[43,44376,145],{"class":53},[43,44378,8427],{"class":148},[43,44380,2377],{"class":53},[14,44382,44383],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[81,44385,44387],{"id":44386},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,44389,44390,44391,79],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,44392,44114],{},[389,44394,44395,44402,44409],{},[392,44396,44397,44399,44400],{},[18,44398,5304],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[76,44401,3080],{},[392,44403,44404,44406,44407],{},[18,44405,12817],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[76,44408,43024],{},[392,44410,44411,44413],{},[18,44412,44114],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,44415,494],{},[34,44417,44419],{"className":36,"code":44418,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,44420,44421,44441,44461,44465,44482,44499,44513],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44422,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44424,3161],{"class":49},[43,44426,98],{"class":97},[43,44428,101],{"class":53},[43,44430,154],{"class":104},[43,44432,108],{"class":53},[43,44434,1525],{"class":104},[43,44436,108],{"class":53},[43,44438,1530],{"class":104},[43,44440,68],{"class":53},[43,44442,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451,44453,44455,44457,44459],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44444,3189],{"class":49},[43,44446,98],{"class":97},[43,44448,101],{"class":53},[43,44450,154],{"class":104},[43,44452,108],{"class":53},[43,44454,1525],{"class":104},[43,44456,108],{"class":53},[43,44458,1530],{"class":104},[43,44460,68],{"class":53},[43,44462,44463],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44464,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44466,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477,44479],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44468,142],{"class":141},[43,44470,145],{"class":53},[43,44472,3161],{"class":148},[43,44474,5304],{"class":97},[43,44476,3166],{"class":148},[43,44478,4272],{"class":53},[43,44480,44481],{"class":165},"   # True\n",[43,44483,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44485,142],{"class":141},[43,44487,145],{"class":53},[43,44489,3161],{"class":148},[43,44491,12817],{"class":4491},[43,44493,3166],{"class":148},[43,44495,4272],{"class":53},[43,44497,44498],{"class":165},"   # False\n",[43,44500,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,44502,142],{"class":141},[43,44504,145],{"class":53},[43,44506,13273],{"class":141},[43,44508,145],{"class":53},[43,44510,269],{"class":148},[43,44512,2377],{"class":53},[43,44514,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,44516,142],{"class":141},[43,44518,145],{"class":53},[43,44520,13273],{"class":141},[43,44522,145],{"class":53},[43,44524,279],{"class":148},[43,44526,2377],{"class":53},[14,44528,2785],{},[389,44530,44531,44539,44547],{},[392,44532,44533,5398,44536,44538],{},[18,44534,44535],{},"a == b",[18,44537,4216],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[392,44540,44541,5398,44544,44546],{},[18,44542,44543],{},"a is b",[18,44545,4285],{}," because they are different list objects",[392,44548,44549,1233,44552,44555],{},[18,44550,44551],{},"id(a)",[18,44553,44554],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44557,44558,44559,1233,44563,79],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[269,44560,44562],{"href":44561},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[269,44564,44566],{"href":44565},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[81,44568,44570],{"id":44569},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44572,44573],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[34,44575,44577],{"className":36,"code":44576,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44578,44579,44599,44609,44613,44627,44642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44580,44581,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44582,94],{"class":49},[43,44584,98],{"class":97},[43,44586,101],{"class":53},[43,44588,105],{"class":104},[43,44590,108],{"class":53},[43,44592,111],{"class":104},[43,44594,108],{"class":53},[43,44596,116],{"class":104},[43,44598,68],{"class":53},[43,44600,44601,44604,44606],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44602,44603],{"class":49},"other_numbers ",[43,44605,98],{"class":97},[43,44607,44608],{"class":49}," numbers\n",[43,44610,44611],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44612,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44614,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44616,142],{"class":141},[43,44618,145],{"class":53},[43,44620,13273],{"class":141},[43,44622,145],{"class":53},[43,44624,149],{"class":148},[43,44626,2377],{"class":53},[43,44628,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44640],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44630,142],{"class":141},[43,44632,145],{"class":53},[43,44634,13273],{"class":141},[43,44636,145],{"class":53},[43,44638,44639],{"class":148},"other_numbers",[43,44641,2377],{"class":53},[43,44643,44644,44646,44648,44650,44652,44655],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,44645,142],{"class":141},[43,44647,145],{"class":53},[43,44649,94],{"class":148},[43,44651,12817],{"class":4491},[43,44653,44654],{"class":148}," other_numbers",[43,44656,346],{"class":53},[14,44658,6175],{},[34,44660,44661],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,44662,44663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44664,44665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44666,4594],{"class":4466},[14,44668,44669,44670,44672],{},"The two ",[18,44671,44114],{}," values will also match.",[14,44674,22811,44675,44678],{},[18,44676,44677],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[81,44680,44682],{"id":44681},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44684,44685],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[34,44687,44689],{"className":36,"code":44688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44690,44691,44712,44733,44737,44752,44766,44781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44692,44693,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706,44708,44710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44694,44695],{"class":49},"list_a ",[43,44697,98],{"class":97},[43,44699,101],{"class":53},[43,44701,154],{"class":104},[43,44703,108],{"class":53},[43,44705,1525],{"class":104},[43,44707,108],{"class":53},[43,44709,1530],{"class":104},[43,44711,68],{"class":53},[43,44713,44714,44717,44719,44721,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44715,44716],{"class":49},"list_b ",[43,44718,98],{"class":97},[43,44720,101],{"class":53},[43,44722,154],{"class":104},[43,44724,108],{"class":53},[43,44726,1525],{"class":104},[43,44728,108],{"class":53},[43,44730,1530],{"class":104},[43,44732,68],{"class":53},[43,44734,44735],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44736,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44738,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747,44750],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44740,142],{"class":141},[43,44742,145],{"class":53},[43,44744,44695],{"class":148},[43,44746,5304],{"class":97},[43,44748,44749],{"class":148}," list_b",[43,44751,346],{"class":53},[43,44753,44754,44756,44758,44760,44762,44764],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44755,142],{"class":141},[43,44757,145],{"class":53},[43,44759,44695],{"class":148},[43,44761,12817],{"class":4491},[43,44763,44749],{"class":148},[43,44765,346],{"class":53},[43,44767,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776,44779],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,44769,142],{"class":141},[43,44771,145],{"class":53},[43,44773,13273],{"class":141},[43,44775,145],{"class":53},[43,44777,44778],{"class":148},"list_a",[43,44780,2377],{"class":53},[43,44782,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44794],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,44784,142],{"class":141},[43,44786,145],{"class":53},[43,44788,13273],{"class":141},[43,44790,145],{"class":53},[43,44792,44793],{"class":148},"list_b",[43,44795,2377],{"class":53},[14,44797,6175],{},[34,44799,44801],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44802,44803,44807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44804,44805],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44806,4594],{"class":4466},[43,44808,44809],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44810,4655],{"class":4466},[14,44812,44813],{},"What this means:",[389,44815,44816,44819,44822],{},[392,44817,44818],{},"The lists are equal in value",[392,44820,44821],{},"They are not the same object",[392,44823,44824,44825,44827],{},"Their ",[18,44826,44114],{}," values are usually different",[14,44829,44830,44831,44833,44834,79],{},"This is why ",[18,44832,44114],{}," should not replace ",[18,44835,5304],{},[81,44837,44839,44840,44842],{"id":44838},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44841,44114],{}," is useful",[14,44844,44845,44847],{},[18,44846,44114],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[389,44849,44850,44853,44856,44859],{},[392,44851,44852],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[392,44854,44855],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[392,44857,44858],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[392,44860,44861],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44863,44864,44865,44867],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44866,44114],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[34,44869,44871],{"className":36,"code":44870,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44872,44873,44897,44906,44910,44929,44933,44943,44953,44967],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44876,12709],{"class":49},[43,44878,98],{"class":97},[43,44880,101],{"class":53},[43,44882,265],{"class":264},[43,44884,269],{"class":268},[43,44886,265],{"class":264},[43,44888,108],{"class":53},[43,44890,276],{"class":264},[43,44892,279],{"class":268},[43,44894,265],{"class":264},[43,44896,68],{"class":53},[43,44898,44899,44902,44904],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,44900,44901],{"class":49},"copy_ref ",[43,44903,98],{"class":97},[43,44905,12747],{"class":49},[43,44907,44908],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,44909,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44911,44912,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923,44925,44927],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,44913,44914],{"class":49},"copy_ref",[43,44916,79],{"class":53},[43,44918,14178],{"class":148},[43,44920,145],{"class":53},[43,44922,265],{"class":264},[43,44924,288],{"class":268},[43,44926,265],{"class":264},[43,44928,346],{"class":53},[43,44930,44931],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,44932,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,44934,44935,44937,44939,44941],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,44936,142],{"class":141},[43,44938,145],{"class":53},[43,44940,12756],{"class":148},[43,44942,346],{"class":53},[43,44944,44945,44947,44949,44951],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,44946,142],{"class":141},[43,44948,145],{"class":53},[43,44950,44914],{"class":148},[43,44952,346],{"class":53},[43,44954,44955,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,44956,142],{"class":141},[43,44958,145],{"class":53},[43,44960,13273],{"class":141},[43,44962,145],{"class":53},[43,44964,12756],{"class":148},[43,44966,2377],{"class":53},[43,44968,44969,44971,44973,44975,44977,44979],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,44970,142],{"class":141},[43,44972,145],{"class":53},[43,44974,13273],{"class":141},[43,44976,145],{"class":53},[43,44978,44914],{"class":148},[43,44980,2377],{"class":53},[14,44982,6175],{},[34,44984,44986],{"className":36,"code":44985,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44987,44988,45016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44989,44990,44992,44994,44996,44998,45000,45002,45004,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44991,54],{"class":53},[43,44993,361],{"class":264},[43,44995,269],{"class":268},[43,44997,361],{"class":264},[43,44999,108],{"class":53},[43,45001,370],{"class":264},[43,45003,279],{"class":268},[43,45005,361],{"class":264},[43,45007,108],{"class":53},[43,45009,370],{"class":264},[43,45011,288],{"class":268},[43,45013,361],{"class":264},[43,45015,68],{"class":53},[43,45017,45018,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45019,54],{"class":53},[43,45021,361],{"class":264},[43,45023,269],{"class":268},[43,45025,361],{"class":264},[43,45027,108],{"class":53},[43,45029,370],{"class":264},[43,45031,279],{"class":268},[43,45033,361],{"class":264},[43,45035,108],{"class":53},[43,45037,370],{"class":264},[43,45039,288],{"class":268},[43,45041,361],{"class":264},[43,45043,68],{"class":53},[14,45045,45046],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[81,45048,45050,45051],{"id":45049},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,45052,44114],{},[14,45054,45055,45056,45058],{},"Do not use ",[18,45057,44114],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,45060,45061],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[389,45063,45064,45070,45076,45079],{},[392,45065,45066,45067,45069],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,45068,5304],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[392,45071,45072,45073,45075],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,45074,44114],{}," values across program runs",[392,45077,45078],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[392,45080,45081,45082],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,45083,44114],{},[14,45085,45086],{},"Bad example:",[34,45088,45090],{"className":36,"code":45089,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,45091,45092,45104,45116,45120,45142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45093,45094,45096,45098,45100,45102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45095,3161],{"class":49},[43,45097,98],{"class":97},[43,45099,276],{"class":264},[43,45101,37675],{"class":268},[43,45103,3969],{"class":264},[43,45105,45106,45108,45110,45112,45114],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45107,3189],{"class":49},[43,45109,98],{"class":97},[43,45111,276],{"class":264},[43,45113,37675],{"class":268},[43,45115,3969],{"class":264},[43,45117,45118],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45119,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,45121,45122,45124,45126,45128,45130,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,45123,7614],{"class":4491},[43,45125,15441],{"class":141},[43,45127,145],{"class":53},[43,45129,269],{"class":148},[43,45131,4272],{"class":53},[43,45133,7024],{"class":97},[43,45135,15441],{"class":141},[43,45137,145],{"class":53},[43,45139,279],{"class":148},[43,45141,8960],{"class":53},[43,45143,45144,45146,45148,45150,45153,45155],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,45145,8687],{"class":141},[43,45147,145],{"class":53},[43,45149,265],{"class":264},[43,45151,45152],{"class":268},"The values are equal",[43,45154,265],{"class":264},[43,45156,346],{"class":53},[14,45158,45159],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[34,45161,45163],{"className":36,"code":45162,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,45164,45165,45178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45166,45167,45169,45172,45174,45176],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45168,7614],{"class":4491},[43,45170,45171],{"class":49}," a ",[43,45173,5304],{"class":97},[43,45175,3166],{"class":49},[43,45177,7009],{"class":53},[43,45179,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45181,8687],{"class":141},[43,45183,145],{"class":53},[43,45185,265],{"class":264},[43,45187,45152],{"class":268},[43,45189,265],{"class":264},[43,45191,346],{"class":53},[14,45193,230,45194,3486,45196,45198],{},[18,45195,12817],{},[18,45197,44114],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[81,45200,21422],{"id":21421},[14,45202,45203],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[389,45205,45206,45209,45212,45217],{},[392,45207,45208],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[392,45210,45211],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[392,45213,45214,45215],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,45216,44114],{},[392,45218,45219,45220],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,45221,44114],{},[14,45223,45224],{},"The important rule is:",[389,45226,45227,45232],{},[392,45228,230,45229,45231],{},[18,45230,5304],{}," to check value",[392,45233,230,45234,45236],{},[18,45235,12817],{}," to check identity",[14,45238,45239,45240,45242],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,45241,44114],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[81,45244,3438],{"id":3437},[14,45246,45247,45248,59],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,45249,44114],{},[389,45251,45252,45260,45263,45266,45271],{},[392,45253,2445,45254,45256,45257,45259],{},[18,45255,44114],{}," when ",[18,45258,5304],{}," should be used",[392,45261,45262],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[392,45264,45265],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[392,45267,45268,45269],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,45270,44114],{},[392,45272,2445,45273,45275],{},[18,45274,44114],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,45277,45278],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[34,45280,45282],{"className":36,"code":45281,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,45283,45284,45299,45313,45327,45341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294,45297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45287,142],{"class":141},[43,45289,145],{"class":53},[43,45291,13273],{"class":141},[43,45293,145],{"class":53},[43,45295,45296],{"class":148},"my_object",[43,45298,2377],{"class":53},[43,45300,45301,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45302,142],{"class":141},[43,45304,145],{"class":53},[43,45306,3161],{"class":148},[43,45308,5304],{"class":97},[43,45310,3166],{"class":148},[43,45312,346],{"class":53},[43,45314,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323,45325],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45316,142],{"class":141},[43,45318,145],{"class":53},[43,45320,3161],{"class":148},[43,45322,12817],{"class":4491},[43,45324,3166],{"class":148},[43,45326,346],{"class":53},[43,45328,45329,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,45330,142],{"class":141},[43,45332,145],{"class":53},[43,45334,3832],{"class":3510},[43,45336,145],{"class":53},[43,45338,45296],{"class":148},[43,45340,2377],{"class":53},[43,45342,45343,45345,45347,45349],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,45344,32779],{"class":141},[43,45346,145],{"class":53},[43,45348,13273],{"class":141},[43,45350,346],{"class":53},[81,45352,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,45354,45356,45357,13340],{"id":45355},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,45358,44114],{},[14,45360,45361],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1499,45363,15527,45365,45367],{"id":45364},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,45366,44114],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,45369,45370],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1499,45372,22042,45374,45376],{"id":45373},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,45375,44114],{}," to compare two values?",[14,45378,30896,45379,45381,45382,3486,45384,45386],{},[18,45380,5304],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,45383,44114],{},[18,45385,12817],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1499,45388,45390,45391,2490],{"id":45389},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,45392,44114],{},[14,45394,45395],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1499,45397,45399,45400,45402],{"id":45398},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,45401,44114],{}," values?",[14,45404,45405],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[81,45407,2497],{"id":2496},[389,45409,45410,45415,45420,45425,45433],{},[392,45411,45412],{},[269,45413,45414],{"href":44252},"Python variables explained for beginners",[392,45416,45417],{},[269,45418,45419],{"href":44561},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[392,45421,45422],{},[269,45423,45424],{"href":44565},"Python data types overview",[392,45426,45427],{},[269,45428,4187,45430,4120],{"href":45429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,45431,45432],{},"isinstance()",[392,45434,45435],{},[269,45436,45438],{"href":45437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2536,45440,45441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":45443},[45444,45446,45447,45448,45449,45450,45452,45454,45455,45456,45468],{"id":44218,"depth":131,"text":45445},"What id() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":44386,"depth":131,"text":44387},{"id":44569,"depth":131,"text":44570},{"id":44681,"depth":131,"text":44682},{"id":44838,"depth":131,"text":45451},"When id() is useful",{"id":45049,"depth":131,"text":45453},"When not to use id()",{"id":21421,"depth":131,"text":21422},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":45457},[45458,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"id":45355,"depth":138,"text":45459},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45364,"depth":138,"text":45461},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45373,"depth":138,"text":45463},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45389,"depth":138,"text":45465},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45398,"depth":138,"text":45467},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44106,"description":45469},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45476,"title":42820,"body":45477,"description":47117,"extension":2572,"meta":47118,"navigation":134,"path":47119,"seo":47120,"stem":47121,"__hash__":47122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45478,"toc":47083},[45479,45484,45489,45492,45494,45537,45542,45545,45550,45555,45558,45574,45576,45620,45622,45649,45651,45666,45668,45670,45672,45688,45690,45702,45705,45739,45742,45767,45772,45774,45779,45783,45786,45788,45836,45838,45871,45877,45888,45890,45942,45944,45975,45977,45981,45985,46028,46034,46040,46092,46100,46105,46109,46200,46202,46235,46238,46240,46300,46302,46328,46338,46340,46344,46349,46354,46356,46393,46395,46414,46417,46421,46424,46480,46492,46501,46503,46530,46538,46545,46549,46552,46589,46592,46598,46635,46637,46641,46647,46665,46670,46718,46722,46811,46814,46821,46823,46825,46830,46848,46850,46893,46899,46916,46918,46980,46982,46984,46990,46998,47004,47010,47019,47029,47033,47041,47043,47045,47080],[10,45480,4187,45482,4191],{"id":45481},"python-input-function-explained",[18,45483,3567],{},[14,45485,1242,45486,45488],{},[18,45487,3567],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45490,45491],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[81,45493,84],{"id":83},[34,45495,45497],{"className":36,"code":45496,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,45498,45499,45518],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45514,45516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45502,8494],{"class":49},[43,45504,98],{"class":97},[43,45506,8861],{"class":141},[43,45508,145],{"class":53},[43,45510,265],{"class":264},[43,45512,45513],{"class":268},"Enter your name: ",[43,45515,265],{"class":264},[43,45517,346],{"class":53},[43,45519,45520,45522,45524,45526,45529,45531,45533,45535],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45521,142],{"class":141},[43,45523,145],{"class":53},[43,45525,265],{"class":264},[43,45527,45528],{"class":268},"Hello, ",[43,45530,265],{"class":264},[43,45532,3061],{"class":97},[43,45534,36622],{"class":148},[43,45536,346],{"class":53},[14,45538,230,45539,45541],{},[18,45540,3567],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45543,45544],"hr",{},[81,45546,4289,45548,4292],{"id":45547},"what-input-does",[18,45549,3567],{},[14,45551,45552,45554],{},[18,45553,3567],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45556,45557],{},"Here is what happens:",[389,45559,45560,45565,45568,45571],{},[392,45561,45562,45564],{},[18,45563,3567],{}," waits for the user to type",[392,45566,45567],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[392,45569,45570],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[392,45572,45573],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45575,494],{},[34,45577,45579],{"className":36,"code":45578,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45580,45581,45601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45582,45583,45586,45588,45590,45592,45594,45597,45599],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45584,45585],{"class":49},"color ",[43,45587,98],{"class":97},[43,45589,8861],{"class":141},[43,45591,145],{"class":53},[43,45593,265],{"class":264},[43,45595,45596],{"class":268},"What is your favorite color? ",[43,45598,265],{"class":264},[43,45600,346],{"class":53},[43,45602,45603,45605,45607,45609,45612,45614,45616,45618],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45604,142],{"class":141},[43,45606,145],{"class":53},[43,45608,265],{"class":264},[43,45610,45611],{"class":268},"Your favorite color is",[43,45613,265],{"class":264},[43,45615,108],{"class":53},[43,45617,36481],{"class":148},[43,45619,346],{"class":53},[14,45621,30655],{},[34,45623,45625],{"className":36,"code":45624,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45626,45627,45640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45628,45629,45631,45633,45636,45638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45630,4289],{"class":49},[43,45632,12817],{"class":97},[43,45634,45635],{"class":49}," your favorite color",[43,45637,2490],{"class":37994},[43,45639,36511],{"class":49},[43,45641,45642,45645,45647],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45643,45644],{"class":49},"Your favorite color ",[43,45646,12817],{"class":97},[43,45648,36511],{"class":49},[14,45650,20579],{},[389,45652,45653,45658,45663],{},[392,45654,45655,45656],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45657,45596],{},[392,45659,45660,45661],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45662,33518],{},[392,45664,45665],{},"That value is then printed",[45543,45667],{},[81,45669,2763],{"id":2762},[14,45671,7835],{},[34,45673,45675],{"className":36,"code":45674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45676,45677],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45678,45679,45681,45683,45686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45680,43088],{"class":141},[43,45682,145],{"class":53},[43,45684,45685],{"class":148},"prompt",[43,45687,346],{"class":53},[14,45689,12080],{},[389,45691,45692,45696,45699],{},[392,45693,1242,45694,20661],{},[18,45695,45685],{},[392,45697,45698],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[392,45700,45701],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45703,45704],{},"Example with a prompt:",[34,45706,45708],{"className":36,"code":45707,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45709,45710,45729],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718,45720,45722,45725,45727],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45713,8579],{"class":49},[43,45715,98],{"class":97},[43,45717,8861],{"class":141},[43,45719,145],{"class":53},[43,45721,265],{"class":264},[43,45723,45724],{"class":268},"Enter your username: ",[43,45726,265],{"class":264},[43,45728,346],{"class":53},[43,45730,45731,45733,45735,45737],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45732,142],{"class":141},[43,45734,145],{"class":53},[43,45736,8603],{"class":148},[43,45738,346],{"class":53},[14,45740,45741],{},"Example without a prompt:",[34,45743,45745],{"className":36,"code":45744,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45746,45747,45757],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45748,45749,45751,45753,45755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45750,3054],{"class":49},[43,45752,98],{"class":97},[43,45754,8861],{"class":141},[43,45756,9262],{"class":53},[43,45758,45759,45761,45763,45765],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45760,142],{"class":141},[43,45762,145],{"class":53},[43,45764,3080],{"class":148},[43,45766,346],{"class":53},[14,45768,8381,45769,45771],{},[18,45770,3567],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45543,45773],{},[81,45775,4289,45777,12328],{"id":45776},"what-input-returns",[18,45778,3567],{},[14,45780,45781,8844],{},[18,45782,3567],{},[14,45784,45785],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45787,494],{},[34,45789,45791],{"className":36,"code":45790,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45792,45793,45812,45822],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45794,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805,45808,45810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45796,22250],{"class":49},[43,45798,98],{"class":97},[43,45800,8861],{"class":141},[43,45802,145],{"class":53},[43,45804,265],{"class":264},[43,45806,45807],{"class":268},"Enter your age: ",[43,45809,265],{"class":264},[43,45811,346],{"class":53},[43,45813,45814,45816,45818,45820],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45815,142],{"class":141},[43,45817,145],{"class":53},[43,45819,9918],{"class":148},[43,45821,346],{"class":53},[43,45823,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45825,142],{"class":141},[43,45827,145],{"class":53},[43,45829,3832],{"class":3510},[43,45831,145],{"class":53},[43,45833,9918],{"class":148},[43,45835,2377],{"class":53},[14,45837,30655],{},[34,45839,45841],{"className":36,"code":45840,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45842,45843,45853,45857],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45844,45845,45848,45850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45846,45847],{"class":49},"Enter your age",[43,45849,59],{"class":53},[43,45851,45852],{"class":104}," 25\n",[43,45854,45855],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45856,3316],{"class":104},[43,45858,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45860,3901],{"class":97},[43,45862,3904],{"class":2671},[43,45864,370],{"class":264},[43,45866,4054],{"class":268},[43,45868,361],{"class":264},[43,45870,3913],{"class":97},[14,45872,45873,45874,45876],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45875,9812],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45878,45879,45880,3486,45884,79],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[269,45881,45882],{"href":3482},[18,45883,3485],{},[269,45885,45886],{"href":3489},[18,45887,3492],{},[14,45889,494],{},[34,45891,45893],{"className":36,"code":45892,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45894,45895,45918,45928],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45896,45897,45899,45901,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45898,22250],{"class":49},[43,45900,98],{"class":97},[43,45902,45903],{"class":3510}," int",[43,45905,145],{"class":53},[43,45907,43088],{"class":141},[43,45909,145],{"class":53},[43,45911,265],{"class":264},[43,45913,45807],{"class":268},[43,45915,265],{"class":264},[43,45917,2377],{"class":53},[43,45919,45920,45922,45924,45926],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45921,142],{"class":141},[43,45923,145],{"class":53},[43,45925,9918],{"class":148},[43,45927,346],{"class":53},[43,45929,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938,45940],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45931,142],{"class":141},[43,45933,145],{"class":53},[43,45935,3832],{"class":3510},[43,45937,145],{"class":53},[43,45939,9918],{"class":148},[43,45941,2377],{"class":53},[14,45943,30655],{},[34,45945,45947],{"className":36,"code":45946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45948,45949,45957,45961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45950,45951,45953,45955],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45952,45847],{"class":49},[43,45954,59],{"class":53},[43,45956,45852],{"class":104},[43,45958,45959],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,45960,3316],{"class":104},[43,45962,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,45964,3901],{"class":97},[43,45966,3904],{"class":2671},[43,45968,370],{"class":264},[43,45970,2795],{"class":268},[43,45972,361],{"class":264},[43,45974,3913],{"class":97},[45543,45976],{},[81,45978,45980],{"id":45979},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1499,45982,45984],{"id":45983},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[34,45986,45988],{"className":36,"code":45987,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45989,45990,46009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45991,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46005,46007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45993,8494],{"class":49},[43,45995,98],{"class":97},[43,45997,8861],{"class":141},[43,45999,145],{"class":53},[43,46001,265],{"class":264},[43,46003,46004],{"class":268},"What is your name? ",[43,46006,265],{"class":264},[43,46008,346],{"class":53},[43,46010,46011,46013,46015,46017,46020,46022,46024,46026],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46012,142],{"class":141},[43,46014,145],{"class":53},[43,46016,265],{"class":264},[43,46018,46019],{"class":268},"Hello,",[43,46021,265],{"class":264},[43,46023,108],{"class":53},[43,46025,36622],{"class":148},[43,46027,346],{"class":53},[14,46029,46030,46031,46033],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,46032,8286],{}," and prints it.",[1499,46035,46037,46038],{"id":46036},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,46039,3485],{},[34,46041,46043],{"className":36,"code":46042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,46044,46045,46068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46046,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059,46061,46064,46066],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46048,22250],{"class":49},[43,46050,98],{"class":97},[43,46052,45903],{"class":3510},[43,46054,145],{"class":53},[43,46056,43088],{"class":141},[43,46058,145],{"class":53},[43,46060,265],{"class":264},[43,46062,46063],{"class":268},"How old are you? ",[43,46065,265],{"class":264},[43,46067,2377],{"class":53},[43,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076,46079,46081,46083,46086,46088,46090],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46071,142],{"class":141},[43,46073,145],{"class":53},[43,46075,265],{"class":264},[43,46077,46078],{"class":268},"Next year you will be",[43,46080,265],{"class":264},[43,46082,108],{"class":53},[43,46084,46085],{"class":148}," age ",[43,46087,2666],{"class":97},[43,46089,6113],{"class":104},[43,46091,346],{"class":53},[14,46093,6675,46094,46096,46097,46099],{},[18,46095,3485],{}," converts the text from ",[18,46098,3567],{}," into a whole number.",[14,46101,46102,46103,79],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[269,46104,9599],{"href":9598},[1499,46106,46108],{"id":46107},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[34,46110,46112],{"className":36,"code":46111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,46113,46114,46138,46162,46176,46180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46115,46116,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46134,46136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46117,46118],{"class":49},"num1 ",[43,46120,98],{"class":97},[43,46122,45903],{"class":3510},[43,46124,145],{"class":53},[43,46126,43088],{"class":141},[43,46128,145],{"class":53},[43,46130,265],{"class":264},[43,46132,46133],{"class":268},"Enter the first number: ",[43,46135,265],{"class":264},[43,46137,2377],{"class":53},[43,46139,46140,46143,46145,46147,46149,46151,46153,46155,46158,46160],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46141,46142],{"class":49},"num2 ",[43,46144,98],{"class":97},[43,46146,45903],{"class":3510},[43,46148,145],{"class":53},[43,46150,43088],{"class":141},[43,46152,145],{"class":53},[43,46154,265],{"class":264},[43,46156,46157],{"class":268},"Enter the second number: ",[43,46159,265],{"class":264},[43,46161,2377],{"class":53},[43,46163,46164,46166,46168,46171,46173],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46165,41808],{"class":49},[43,46167,98],{"class":97},[43,46169,46170],{"class":49}," num1 ",[43,46172,2666],{"class":97},[43,46174,46175],{"class":49}," num2\n",[43,46177,46178],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,46179,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,46181,46182,46184,46186,46188,46191,46193,46195,46198],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,46183,142],{"class":141},[43,46185,145],{"class":53},[43,46187,265],{"class":264},[43,46189,46190],{"class":268},"Total:",[43,46192,265],{"class":264},[43,46194,108],{"class":53},[43,46196,46197],{"class":148}," total",[43,46199,346],{"class":53},[14,46201,30655],{},[34,46203,46205],{"className":36,"code":46204,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,46206,46207,46217,46226],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46208,46209,46212,46214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46210,46211],{"class":49},"Enter the first number",[43,46213,59],{"class":53},[43,46215,46216],{"class":104}," 2\n",[43,46218,46219,46222,46224],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46220,46221],{"class":49},"Enter the second number",[43,46223,59],{"class":53},[43,46225,3184],{"class":104},[43,46227,46228,46231,46233],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46229,46230],{"class":49},"Total",[43,46232,59],{"class":53},[43,46234,35471],{"class":104},[14,46236,46237],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,46239,494],{},[34,46241,46243],{"className":36,"code":46242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,46244,46245,46263,46281,46285],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46246,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257,46259,46261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46248,46118],{"class":49},[43,46250,98],{"class":97},[43,46252,8861],{"class":141},[43,46254,145],{"class":53},[43,46256,265],{"class":264},[43,46258,46133],{"class":268},[43,46260,265],{"class":264},[43,46262,346],{"class":53},[43,46264,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277,46279],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46266,46142],{"class":49},[43,46268,98],{"class":97},[43,46270,8861],{"class":141},[43,46272,145],{"class":53},[43,46274,265],{"class":264},[43,46276,46157],{"class":268},[43,46278,265],{"class":264},[43,46280,346],{"class":53},[43,46282,46283],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46284,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,46286,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295,46298],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,46288,142],{"class":141},[43,46290,145],{"class":53},[43,46292,46118],{"class":148},[43,46294,2666],{"class":97},[43,46296,46297],{"class":148}," num2",[43,46299,346],{"class":53},[14,46301,30655],{},[34,46303,46305],{"className":36,"code":46304,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,46306,46307,46315,46323],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46308,46309,46311,46313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46310,46211],{"class":49},[43,46312,59],{"class":53},[43,46314,46216],{"class":104},[43,46316,46317,46319,46321],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46318,46221],{"class":49},[43,46320,59],{"class":53},[43,46322,3184],{"class":104},[43,46324,46325],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46326,46327],{"class":104},"23\n",[14,46329,46330,46331,46334,46335,79],{},"That happens because ",[18,46332,46333],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,46336,46337],{},"\"23\"",[45543,46339],{},[81,46341,46343],{"id":46342},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,46345,46346,46347,79],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,46348,3567],{},[1499,46350,1849,46352,42168],{"id":46351},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,46353,3567],{},[14,46355,39826],{},[34,46357,46359],{"className":36,"code":46358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,46360,46361,46379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375,46377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46364,3054],{"class":49},[43,46366,98],{"class":97},[43,46368,8861],{"class":141},[43,46370,145],{"class":53},[43,46372,265],{"class":264},[43,46374,42497],{"class":268},[43,46376,265],{"class":264},[43,46378,346],{"class":53},[43,46380,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46382,142],{"class":141},[43,46384,145],{"class":53},[43,46386,3832],{"class":3510},[43,46388,145],{"class":53},[43,46390,3080],{"class":148},[43,46392,2377],{"class":53},[14,46394,349],{},[34,46396,46398],{"className":36,"code":46397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,46399,46400],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46401,46402,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46403,3901],{"class":97},[43,46405,3904],{"class":2671},[43,46407,370],{"class":264},[43,46409,4054],{"class":268},[43,46411,361],{"class":264},[43,46413,3913],{"class":97},[14,46415,46416],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1499,46418,46420],{"id":46419},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,46422,46423],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[34,46425,46427],{"className":36,"code":46426,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,46428,46429,46447,46466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46432,3161],{"class":49},[43,46434,98],{"class":97},[43,46436,8861],{"class":141},[43,46438,145],{"class":53},[43,46440,265],{"class":264},[43,46442,42497],{"class":268},[43,46444,265],{"class":264},[43,46446,346],{"class":53},[43,46448,46449,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46462,46464],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46450,3189],{"class":49},[43,46452,98],{"class":97},[43,46454,8861],{"class":141},[43,46456,145],{"class":53},[43,46458,265],{"class":264},[43,46460,46461],{"class":268},"Enter another number: ",[43,46463,265],{"class":264},[43,46465,346],{"class":53},[43,46467,46468,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46469,142],{"class":141},[43,46471,145],{"class":53},[43,46473,3161],{"class":148},[43,46475,2666],{"class":97},[43,46477,3166],{"class":148},[43,46479,346],{"class":53},[14,46481,41746,46482,1233,46484,46486,46487,19585,46490,79],{},[18,46483,159],{},[18,46485,831],{},", the result is ",[18,46488,46489],{},"45",[18,46491,2749],{},[1499,46493,46495,46496,46498,46499],{"id":46494},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,46497,1553],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,46500,3485],{},[14,46502,494],{},[34,46504,46506],{"className":36,"code":46505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,46507,46508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46509,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522,46524,46526,46528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46511,22250],{"class":49},[43,46513,98],{"class":97},[43,46515,45903],{"class":3510},[43,46517,145],{"class":53},[43,46519,43088],{"class":141},[43,46521,145],{"class":53},[43,46523,265],{"class":264},[43,46525,45807],{"class":268},[43,46527,265],{"class":264},[43,46529,2377],{"class":53},[14,46531,8890,46532,46535,46536,79],{},[18,46533,46534],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,46537,1553],{},[14,46539,46540,46541,79],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[269,46542,46544],{"href":46543},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1499,46546,46548],{"id":46547},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46550,46551],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[34,46553,46555],{"className":36,"code":46554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,46556,46557,46575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46558,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46560,8494],{"class":49},[43,46562,98],{"class":97},[43,46564,8861],{"class":141},[43,46566,145],{"class":53},[43,46568,265],{"class":264},[43,46570,45513],{"class":268},[43,46572,265],{"class":264},[43,46574,346],{"class":53},[43,46576,46577,46579,46581,46583,46585,46587],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46578,142],{"class":141},[43,46580,145],{"class":53},[43,46582,42405],{"class":141},[43,46584,145],{"class":53},[43,46586,8286],{"class":148},[43,46588,2377],{"class":53},[14,46590,46591],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46593,46594,46595,59],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46596,46597],{},".strip()",[34,46599,46601],{"className":36,"code":46600,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46602,46603,46625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46604,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619,46621,46623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46606,8494],{"class":49},[43,46608,98],{"class":97},[43,46610,8861],{"class":141},[43,46612,145],{"class":53},[43,46614,265],{"class":264},[43,46616,45513],{"class":268},[43,46618,265],{"class":264},[43,46620,9250],{"class":53},[43,46622,9253],{"class":148},[43,46624,9262],{"class":53},[43,46626,46627,46629,46631,46633],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46628,142],{"class":141},[43,46630,145],{"class":53},[43,46632,8286],{"class":148},[43,46634,346],{"class":53},[45543,46636],{},[81,46638,46640],{"id":46639},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46642,46643,46644,46646],{},"These habits make ",[18,46645,3567],{}," easier and safer to use.",[389,46648,46649,46652,46657,46660],{},[392,46650,46651],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[392,46653,230,46654,46656],{},[18,46655,46597],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[392,46658,46659],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[392,46661,230,46662,46664],{},[18,46663,30407],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46666,46667,46668,59],{},"Example with ",[18,46669,46597],{},[34,46671,46673],{"className":36,"code":46672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46674,46675,46699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46676,46677,46680,46682,46684,46686,46688,46691,46693,46695,46697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46678,46679],{"class":49},"city ",[43,46681,98],{"class":97},[43,46683,8861],{"class":141},[43,46685,145],{"class":53},[43,46687,265],{"class":264},[43,46689,46690],{"class":268},"Enter your city: ",[43,46692,265],{"class":264},[43,46694,9250],{"class":53},[43,46696,9253],{"class":148},[43,46698,9262],{"class":53},[43,46700,46701,46703,46705,46707,46710,46712,46714,46716],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46702,142],{"class":141},[43,46704,145],{"class":53},[43,46706,265],{"class":264},[43,46708,46709],{"class":268},"City:",[43,46711,265],{"class":264},[43,46713,108],{"class":53},[43,46715,32011],{"class":148},[43,46717,346],{"class":53},[14,46719,46667,46720,59],{},[18,46721,30407],{},[34,46723,46725],{"className":36,"code":46724,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46726,46727,46733,46756,46788,46796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46728,46729,46731],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46730,30429],{"class":4491},[43,46732,7009],{"class":53},[43,46734,46735,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750,46752,46754],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46736,46737],{"class":49},"    age ",[43,46739,98],{"class":97},[43,46741,45903],{"class":3510},[43,46743,145],{"class":53},[43,46745,43088],{"class":141},[43,46747,145],{"class":53},[43,46749,265],{"class":264},[43,46751,45807],{"class":268},[43,46753,265],{"class":264},[43,46755,2377],{"class":53},[43,46757,46758,46760,46762,46764,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46784,46786],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46759,8687],{"class":141},[43,46761,145],{"class":53},[43,46763,265],{"class":264},[43,46765,46766],{"class":268},"You will be",[43,46768,265],{"class":264},[43,46770,108],{"class":53},[43,46772,46085],{"class":148},[43,46774,2666],{"class":97},[43,46776,6113],{"class":104},[43,46778,108],{"class":53},[43,46780,276],{"class":264},[43,46782,46783],{"class":268},"next year",[43,46785,265],{"class":264},[43,46787,346],{"class":53},[43,46789,46790,46792,46794],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,46791,30460],{"class":4491},[43,46793,42552],{"class":3510},[43,46795,7009],{"class":53},[43,46797,46798,46800,46802,46804,46807,46809],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,46799,8687],{"class":141},[43,46801,145],{"class":53},[43,46803,265],{"class":264},[43,46805,46806],{"class":268},"Please enter a whole number.",[43,46808,265],{"class":264},[43,46810,346],{"class":53},[14,46812,46813],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46815,46816,46817,79],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[269,46818,46820],{"href":46819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45543,46822],{},[81,46824,3438],{"id":3437},[14,46826,46827,46828,59],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46829,3567],{},[389,46831,46832,46839,46842,46845],{},[392,46833,46834,46835,3486,46837],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46836,3485],{},[18,46838,3492],{},[392,46840,46841],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[392,46843,46844],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[392,46846,46847],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46849,32709],{},[34,46851,46853],{"className":36,"code":46852,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46854,46855,46865,46879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46856,46857,46859,46861,46863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46858,142],{"class":141},[43,46860,145],{"class":53},[43,46862,3080],{"class":148},[43,46864,346],{"class":53},[43,46866,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46868,142],{"class":141},[43,46870,145],{"class":53},[43,46872,3832],{"class":3510},[43,46874,145],{"class":53},[43,46876,3080],{"class":148},[43,46878,2377],{"class":53},[43,46880,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46882,142],{"class":141},[43,46884,145],{"class":53},[43,46886,42405],{"class":141},[43,46888,145],{"class":53},[43,46890,3080],{"class":148},[43,46892,2377],{"class":53},[14,46894,46895,46896,46898],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46897,3567],{}," actually returned:",[389,46900,46901,46906,46911],{},[392,46902,46903,46905],{},[18,46904,42453],{}," shows the value",[392,46907,46908,46910],{},[18,46909,42459],{}," shows the data type",[392,46912,46913,46915],{},[18,46914,42464],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46917,494],{},[34,46919,46921],{"className":36,"code":46920,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46922,46923,46942,46952,46966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46924,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935,46938,46940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46926,3054],{"class":49},[43,46928,98],{"class":97},[43,46930,8861],{"class":141},[43,46932,145],{"class":53},[43,46934,265],{"class":264},[43,46936,46937],{"class":268},"Enter something: ",[43,46939,265],{"class":264},[43,46941,346],{"class":53},[43,46943,46944,46946,46948,46950],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,46945,142],{"class":141},[43,46947,145],{"class":53},[43,46949,3080],{"class":148},[43,46951,346],{"class":53},[43,46953,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,46955,142],{"class":141},[43,46957,145],{"class":53},[43,46959,3832],{"class":3510},[43,46961,145],{"class":53},[43,46963,3080],{"class":148},[43,46965,2377],{"class":53},[43,46967,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,46969,142],{"class":141},[43,46971,145],{"class":53},[43,46973,42405],{"class":141},[43,46975,145],{"class":53},[43,46977,3080],{"class":148},[43,46979,2377],{"class":53},[45543,46981],{},[81,46983,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,46985,13328,46987,46989],{"id":46986},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46988,3567],{}," return an integer?",[14,46991,46992,46993,46995,46996,40557],{},"No. ",[18,46994,3567],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46997,3485],{},[1499,46999,47001,47002,2490],{"id":47000},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,47003,3567],{},[14,47005,47006,47007,47009],{},"No. You can call ",[18,47008,3567],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1499,47011,5772,47013,47016,47017,2490],{"id":47012},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,47014,47015],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,47018,3567],{},[14,47020,29686,47021,47023,47024,42781,47026,47028],{},[18,47022,3567],{}," returns strings. ",[18,47025,46333],{},[18,47027,46337],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1499,47030,47032],{"id":47031},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,47034,230,47035,47037,47038,79],{},[18,47036,46597],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,47039,47040],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45543,47042],{},[81,47044,2497],{"id":2496},[389,47046,47047,47052,47056,47062,47068,47072],{},[392,47048,47049],{},[269,47050,47051],{"href":46819},"How to get user input in Python",[392,47053,47054],{},[269,47055,9676],{"href":9598},[392,47057,47058],{},[269,47059,4187,47060,4120],{"href":3482},[18,47061,3485],{},[392,47063,47064],{},[269,47065,4187,47066,4120],{"href":3489},[18,47067,3492],{},[392,47069,47070],{},[269,47071,46544],{"href":46543},[392,47073,47074],{},[269,47075,4187,47077,4120],{"href":47076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,47078,47079],{},"print()",[2536,47081,47082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":47084},[47085,47086,47088,47089,47091,47097,47105,47106,47107,47116],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":45547,"depth":131,"text":47087},"What input() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":45776,"depth":131,"text":47090},"What input() returns",{"id":45979,"depth":131,"text":45980,"children":47092},[47093,47094,47096],{"id":45983,"depth":138,"text":45984},{"id":46036,"depth":138,"text":47095},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46107,"depth":138,"text":46108},{"id":46342,"depth":131,"text":46343,"children":47098},[47099,47101,47102,47104],{"id":46351,"depth":138,"text":47100},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46419,"depth":138,"text":46420},{"id":46494,"depth":138,"text":47103},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46547,"depth":138,"text":46548},{"id":46639,"depth":131,"text":46640},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":47108},[47109,47111,47113,47115],{"id":46986,"depth":138,"text":47110},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":47000,"depth":138,"text":47112},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":47012,"depth":138,"text":47114},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47031,"depth":138,"text":47032},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42820,"description":47117},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47124,"title":42722,"body":47125,"description":49438,"extension":2572,"meta":49439,"navigation":134,"path":49440,"seo":49441,"stem":49442,"__hash__":49443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47126,"toc":49390},[47127,47132,47137,47142,47163,47166,47168,47228,47230,47249,47254,47259,47264,47266,47279,47281,47364,47366,47407,47413,47415,47445,47451,47454,47471,47473,47525,47527,47545,47551,47557,47560,47578,47580,47653,47655,47674,47681,47687,47692,47695,47755,47757,47776,47779,47782,47797,47803,47807,47868,47870,47891,47895,48024,48026,48156,48166,48172,48178,48186,48252,48254,48279,48282,48299,48312,48318,48321,48354,48356,48369,48372,48415,48417,48425,48432,48436,48443,48447,48474,48476,48484,48490,48507,48512,48516,48543,48545,48553,48557,48562,48565,48591,48594,48603,48611,48615,48625,48629,48632,48634,48685,48687,48717,48727,48754,48756,48764,48774,48778,48781,48783,48831,48833,48877,48883,48934,48936,48955,48960,48965,48968,48987,48990,49042,49044,49053,49055,49059,49063,49066,49075,49082,49084,49111,49115,49117,49126,49129,49136,49142,49202,49206,49208,49216,49219,49245,49251,49254,49274,49276,49285,49293,49295,49301,49306,49313,49323,49329,49337,49341,49344,49346,49387],[10,47128,4187,47130,4191],{"id":47129},"python-int-function-explained",[18,47131,3485],{},[14,47133,32944,47134,47136],{},[18,47135,3485],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,47138,36035,47139,47141],{},[18,47140,3485],{}," when they want to:",[389,47143,47144,47154,47157,47160],{},[392,47145,47146,47147,47150,47151],{},"turn text like ",[18,47148,47149],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,47152,47153],{},"42",[392,47155,47156],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[392,47158,47159],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[392,47161,47162],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,47164,47165],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[81,47167,84],{"id":83},[34,47169,47171],{"className":36,"code":47170,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47172,47173,47191,47205],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47174,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47176,142],{"class":141},[43,47178,145],{"class":53},[43,47180,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47182,145],{"class":53},[43,47184,265],{"class":264},[43,47186,47153],{"class":268},[43,47188,265],{"class":264},[43,47190,2377],{"class":53},[43,47192,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201,47203],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47194,142],{"class":141},[43,47196,145],{"class":53},[43,47198,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47200,145],{"class":53},[43,47202,42610],{"class":104},[43,47204,2377],{"class":53},[43,47206,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47220,47222,47224,47226],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47208,142],{"class":141},[43,47210,145],{"class":53},[43,47212,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47214,145],{"class":53},[43,47216,265],{"class":264},[43,47218,47219],{"class":268},"101",[43,47221,265],{"class":264},[43,47223,108],{"class":53},[43,47225,1525],{"class":104},[43,47227,2377],{"class":53},[14,47229,349],{},[34,47231,47233],{"className":36,"code":47232,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,47234,47235,47240,47245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47236,47237],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47238,47239],{"class":104},"42\n",[43,47241,47242],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47243,47244],{"class":104},"3\n",[43,47246,47247],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47248,3556],{"class":104},[14,47250,230,47251,47253],{},[18,47252,3485],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[81,47255,4289,47257,4292],{"id":47256},"what-int-does",[18,47258,3485],{},[14,47260,47261,47263],{},[18,47262,3485],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,47265,387],{},[389,47267,47268,47273,47276],{},[392,47269,47270,47271,7957],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,47272,2795],{},[392,47274,47275],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[392,47277,47278],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,47280,494],{},[34,47282,47284],{"className":36,"code":47283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,47285,47286,47298,47312,47316,47326,47336,47350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47287,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47289,35316],{"class":49},[43,47291,98],{"class":97},[43,47293,276],{"class":264},[43,47295,9812],{"class":268},[43,47297,3969],{"class":264},[43,47299,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47301,2823],{"class":49},[43,47303,98],{"class":97},[43,47305,45903],{"class":3510},[43,47307,145],{"class":53},[43,47309,35337],{"class":148},[43,47311,346],{"class":53},[43,47313,47314],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47315,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,47317,47318,47320,47322,47324],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,47319,142],{"class":141},[43,47321,145],{"class":53},[43,47323,35337],{"class":148},[43,47325,346],{"class":53},[43,47327,47328,47330,47332,47334],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,47329,142],{"class":141},[43,47331,145],{"class":53},[43,47333,2846],{"class":148},[43,47335,346],{"class":53},[43,47337,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,47339,142],{"class":141},[43,47341,145],{"class":53},[43,47343,3832],{"class":3510},[43,47345,145],{"class":53},[43,47347,35337],{"class":148},[43,47349,2377],{"class":53},[43,47351,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,47353,142],{"class":141},[43,47355,145],{"class":53},[43,47357,3832],{"class":3510},[43,47359,145],{"class":53},[43,47361,2846],{"class":148},[43,47363,2377],{"class":53},[14,47365,349],{},[34,47367,47369],{"className":36,"code":47368,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,47370,47371,47375,47379,47393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47372,47373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47374,3316],{"class":104},[43,47376,47377],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47378,3316],{"class":104},[43,47380,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47382,3901],{"class":97},[43,47384,3904],{"class":2671},[43,47386,370],{"class":264},[43,47388,4054],{"class":268},[43,47390,361],{"class":264},[43,47392,3913],{"class":97},[43,47394,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,47396,3901],{"class":97},[43,47398,3904],{"class":2671},[43,47400,370],{"class":264},[43,47402,2795],{"class":268},[43,47404,361],{"class":264},[43,47406,3913],{"class":97},[14,47408,47409,47410,47412],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,47411,3485],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[81,47414,2763],{"id":2762},[34,47416,47418],{"className":36,"code":47417,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,47419,47420,47430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47421,47422,47424,47426,47428],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47423,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47425,145],{"class":53},[43,47427,2780],{"class":148},[43,47429,346],{"class":53},[43,47431,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47443],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47433,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47435,145],{"class":53},[43,47437,2780],{"class":148},[43,47439,108],{"class":53},[43,47441,47442],{"class":148}," base",[43,47444,346],{"class":53},[1499,47446,47448],{"id":47447},"intx",[18,47449,47450],{},"int(x)",[14,47452,47453],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[389,47455,47456,47461,47466],{},[392,47457,47458,47459],{},"a string such as ",[18,47460,42752],{},[392,47462,47463,47464],{},"a float such as ",[18,47465,42610],{},[392,47467,47468,47469],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,47470,4216],{},[14,47472,494],{},[34,47474,47476],{"className":36,"code":47475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,47477,47478,47496,47511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47479,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47481,142],{"class":141},[43,47483,145],{"class":53},[43,47485,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47487,145],{"class":53},[43,47489,265],{"class":264},[43,47491,105],{"class":268},[43,47493,265],{"class":264},[43,47495,2377],{"class":53},[43,47497,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47509],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47499,142],{"class":141},[43,47501,145],{"class":53},[43,47503,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47505,145],{"class":53},[43,47507,47508],{"class":104},"8.7",[43,47510,2377],{"class":53},[43,47512,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47514,142],{"class":141},[43,47516,145],{"class":53},[43,47518,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47520,145],{"class":53},[43,47522,4216],{"class":4466},[43,47524,2377],{"class":53},[14,47526,349],{},[34,47528,47530],{"className":36,"code":47529,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,47531,47532,47536,47540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47533,47534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47535,2983],{"class":104},[43,47537,47538],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47539,2988],{"class":104},[43,47541,47542],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47543,47544],{"class":104},"1\n",[1499,47546,47548],{"id":47547},"intx-base",[18,47549,47550],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47552,47553,47554,47556],{},"Use this form when ",[18,47555,2780],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47558,47559],{},"Common bases:",[389,47561,47562,47567,47572],{},[392,47563,47564,47566],{},[18,47565,201],{}," for binary",[392,47568,47569,47571],{},[18,47570,2952],{}," for octal",[392,47573,47574,47577],{},[18,47575,47576],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47579,494],{},[34,47581,47583],{"className":36,"code":47582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47584,47585,47607,47630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47586,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47588,142],{"class":141},[43,47590,145],{"class":53},[43,47592,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47594,145],{"class":53},[43,47596,265],{"class":264},[43,47598,47219],{"class":268},[43,47600,265],{"class":264},[43,47602,108],{"class":53},[43,47604,1525],{"class":104},[43,47606,2377],{"class":53},[43,47608,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47622,47624,47626,47628],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47610,142],{"class":141},[43,47612,145],{"class":53},[43,47614,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47616,145],{"class":53},[43,47618,265],{"class":264},[43,47620,47621],{"class":268},"17",[43,47623,265],{"class":264},[43,47625,108],{"class":53},[43,47627,6975],{"class":104},[43,47629,2377],{"class":53},[43,47631,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47645,47647,47649,47651],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47633,142],{"class":141},[43,47635,145],{"class":53},[43,47637,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47639,145],{"class":53},[43,47641,265],{"class":264},[43,47643,47644],{"class":268},"1A",[43,47646,265],{"class":264},[43,47648,108],{"class":53},[43,47650,14612],{"class":104},[43,47652,2377],{"class":53},[14,47654,349],{},[34,47656,47658],{"className":36,"code":47657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47659,47660,47664,47669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47661,47662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47663,3556],{"class":104},[43,47665,47666],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47667,47668],{"class":104},"15\n",[43,47670,47671],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47672,47673],{"class":104},"26\n",[14,47675,47676,47677,79],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[269,47678,47679,2910],{"href":3489},[18,47680,3492],{},[81,47682,2445,47684,47686],{"id":47683},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47685,3485],{}," with strings",[14,47688,47689,47691],{},[18,47690,3485],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47693,47694],{},"Examples that work:",[34,47696,47698],{"className":36,"code":47697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47699,47700,47718,47736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47701,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47703,142],{"class":141},[43,47705,145],{"class":53},[43,47707,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47709,145],{"class":53},[43,47711,265],{"class":264},[43,47713,831],{"class":268},[43,47715,265],{"class":264},[43,47717,2377],{"class":53},[43,47719,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47721,142],{"class":141},[43,47723,145],{"class":53},[43,47725,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47727,145],{"class":53},[43,47729,265],{"class":264},[43,47731,2899],{"class":268},[43,47733,265],{"class":264},[43,47735,2377],{"class":53},[43,47737,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47751,47753],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47739,142],{"class":141},[43,47741,145],{"class":53},[43,47743,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47745,145],{"class":53},[43,47747,265],{"class":264},[43,47749,47750],{"class":268},"  42  ",[43,47752,265],{"class":264},[43,47754,2377],{"class":53},[14,47756,349],{},[34,47758,47760],{"className":36,"code":47759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47761,47762,47766,47772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47763,47764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47765,3556],{"class":104},[43,47767,47768,47770],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47769,220],{"class":97},[43,47771,2831],{"class":104},[43,47773,47774],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47775,47239],{"class":104},[14,47777,47778],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47780,47781],{},"Examples that fail:",[34,47783,47785],{"className":36,"code":47784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47786,47787,47792],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47788,47789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47790,47791],{"class":165},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[43,47793,47794],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47795,47796],{"class":165},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47798,47799,47800,47802],{},"These raise ",[18,47801,1553],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1499,47804,47806],{"id":47805},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[34,47808,47810],{"className":36,"code":47809,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47811,47812,47830,47849],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47813,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47815,142],{"class":141},[43,47817,145],{"class":53},[43,47819,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47821,145],{"class":53},[43,47823,265],{"class":264},[43,47825,1277],{"class":268},[43,47827,265],{"class":264},[43,47829,2377],{"class":53},[43,47831,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47845,47847],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47833,142],{"class":141},[43,47835,145],{"class":53},[43,47837,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47839,145],{"class":53},[43,47841,265],{"class":264},[43,47843,47844],{"class":268},"+7",[43,47846,265],{"class":264},[43,47848,2377],{"class":53},[43,47850,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47864,47866],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47852,142],{"class":141},[43,47854,145],{"class":53},[43,47856,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47858,145],{"class":53},[43,47860,265],{"class":264},[43,47862,47863],{"class":268},"-100",[43,47865,265],{"class":264},[43,47867,2377],{"class":53},[14,47869,349],{},[34,47871,47873],{"className":36,"code":47872,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47874,47875,47880,47884],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47876,47877],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47878,47879],{"class":104},"0\n",[43,47881,47882],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47883,2686],{"class":104},[43,47885,47886,47888],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47887,220],{"class":97},[43,47889,47890],{"class":104},"100\n",[1499,47892,47894],{"id":47893},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[34,47896,47898],{"className":36,"code":47897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47899,47900,47938,47942,47954,47961,47976,47991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47934,47936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47903,4436],{"class":49},[43,47905,98],{"class":97},[43,47907,101],{"class":53},[43,47909,265],{"class":264},[43,47911,40770],{"class":268},[43,47913,265],{"class":264},[43,47915,108],{"class":53},[43,47917,276],{"class":264},[43,47919,47920],{"class":268},"12abc",[43,47922,265],{"class":264},[43,47924,108],{"class":53},[43,47926,6741],{"class":264},[43,47928,108],{"class":53},[43,47930,276],{"class":264},[43,47932,47933],{"class":268},"seven",[43,47935,265],{"class":264},[43,47937,68],{"class":53},[43,47939,47940],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,47941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,47943,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,47945,6574],{"class":4491},[43,47947,22206],{"class":49},[43,47949,4498],{"class":4491},[43,47951,4501],{"class":49},[43,47953,7009],{"class":53},[43,47955,47956,47959],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,47957,47958],{"class":4491},"    try",[43,47960,7009],{"class":53},[43,47962,47963,47966,47968,47970,47972,47974],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,47964,47965],{"class":141},"        print",[43,47967,145],{"class":53},[43,47969,2795],{"class":3510},[43,47971,145],{"class":53},[43,47973,3080],{"class":148},[43,47975,2377],{"class":53},[43,47977,47978,47981,47983,47986,47989],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,47979,47980],{"class":4491},"    except",[43,47982,42552],{"class":3510},[43,47984,47985],{"class":4491}," as",[43,47987,47988],{"class":49}," error",[43,47990,7009],{"class":53},[43,47992,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48008,48010,48013,48015,48018,48020,48022],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,47994,47965],{"class":141},[43,47996,145],{"class":53},[43,47998,22916],{"class":2671},[43,48000,265],{"class":268},[43,48002,9897],{"class":104},[43,48004,3080],{"class":148},[43,48006,48007],{"class":2671},"!r",[43,48009,22925],{"class":104},[43,48011,48012],{"class":268}," -> ",[43,48014,9897],{"class":104},[43,48016,48017],{"class":148},"error",[43,48019,22925],{"class":104},[43,48021,265],{"class":268},[43,48023,346],{"class":53},[14,48025,349],{},[34,48027,48029],{"className":36,"code":48028,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,48030,48031,48067,48099,48124],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48032,48033,48035,48037,48039,48042,48045,48047,48049,48051,48054,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48034,361],{"class":43954},[43,48036,40770],{"class":43958},[43,48038,361],{"class":43954},[43,48040,48041],{"class":37994}," ->",[43,48043,48044],{"class":49}," invalid literal ",[43,48046,6574],{"class":4491},[43,48048,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48050,7983],{"class":53},[43,48052,48053],{"class":4491}," with",[43,48055,48056],{"class":49}," base ",[43,48058,105],{"class":104},[43,48060,59],{"class":53},[43,48062,370],{"class":264},[43,48064,40770],{"class":268},[43,48066,30325],{"class":264},[43,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48070,361],{"class":264},[43,48072,47920],{"class":268},[43,48074,361],{"class":264},[43,48076,48041],{"class":37994},[43,48078,48044],{"class":49},[43,48080,6574],{"class":4491},[43,48082,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48084,7983],{"class":53},[43,48086,48053],{"class":4491},[43,48088,48056],{"class":49},[43,48090,105],{"class":104},[43,48092,59],{"class":53},[43,48094,370],{"class":264},[43,48096,47920],{"class":268},[43,48098,30325],{"class":264},[43,48100,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48121],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48102,4386],{"class":264},[43,48104,48041],{"class":37994},[43,48106,48044],{"class":49},[43,48108,6574],{"class":4491},[43,48110,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48112,7983],{"class":53},[43,48114,48053],{"class":4491},[43,48116,48056],{"class":49},[43,48118,105],{"class":104},[43,48120,59],{"class":53},[43,48122,48123],{"class":264}," ''\n",[43,48125,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150,48152,48154],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48127,361],{"class":264},[43,48129,47933],{"class":268},[43,48131,361],{"class":264},[43,48133,48041],{"class":37994},[43,48135,48044],{"class":49},[43,48137,6574],{"class":4491},[43,48139,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48141,7983],{"class":53},[43,48143,48053],{"class":4491},[43,48145,48056],{"class":49},[43,48147,105],{"class":104},[43,48149,59],{"class":53},[43,48151,370],{"class":264},[43,48153,47933],{"class":268},[43,48155,30325],{"class":264},[14,48157,48158,48159,48161,48162,79],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[269,48160,9599],{"href":9598}," and the ",[269,48163,48164,2910],{"href":8838},[18,48165,3567],{},[81,48167,2445,48169,48171],{"id":48168},"using-int-with-floats",[18,48170,3485],{}," with floats",[14,48173,48174,48175,48177],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,48176,3485],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,48179,48180,48181,14678,48183,48185],{},"Important: ",[18,48182,3485],{},[76,48184,1957],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[34,48187,48189],{"className":36,"code":48188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,48190,48191,48205,48220,48236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48192,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48194,142],{"class":141},[43,48196,145],{"class":53},[43,48198,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48200,145],{"class":53},[43,48202,42610],{"class":104},[43,48204,2377],{"class":53},[43,48206,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215,48218],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48208,142],{"class":141},[43,48210,145],{"class":53},[43,48212,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48214,145],{"class":53},[43,48216,48217],{"class":104},"3.1",[43,48219,2377],{"class":53},[43,48221,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48223,142],{"class":141},[43,48225,145],{"class":53},[43,48227,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48229,145],{"class":53},[43,48231,220],{"class":97},[43,48233,42610],{"class":104},[43,48235,2377],{"class":53},[43,48237,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248,48250],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48239,142],{"class":141},[43,48241,145],{"class":53},[43,48243,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48245,145],{"class":53},[43,48247,220],{"class":97},[43,48249,48217],{"class":104},[43,48251,2377],{"class":53},[14,48253,349],{},[34,48255,48257],{"className":36,"code":48256,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,48258,48259,48263,48267,48273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48260,48261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48262,47244],{"class":104},[43,48264,48265],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48266,47244],{"class":104},[43,48268,48269,48271],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48270,220],{"class":97},[43,48272,47244],{"class":104},[43,48274,48275,48277],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48276,220],{"class":97},[43,48278,47244],{"class":104},[14,48280,48281],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[389,48283,48284,48291],{},[392,48285,48286,42781,48289],{},[18,48287,48288],{},"int(3.9)",[18,48290,181],{},[392,48292,48293,42781,48296],{},[18,48294,48295],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,48297,48298],{},"-3",[14,48300,48301,48302,48306,48307,79],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[269,48303,48304],{"href":3489},[18,48305,3492],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[269,48308,48309],{"href":42801},[18,48310,48311],{},"str()",[81,48313,2445,48315,48317],{"id":48314},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,48316,3485],{}," with booleans",[14,48319,48320],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[34,48322,48324],{"className":36,"code":48323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,48325,48326,48340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48327,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48329,142],{"class":141},[43,48331,145],{"class":53},[43,48333,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48335,145],{"class":53},[43,48337,4216],{"class":4466},[43,48339,2377],{"class":53},[43,48341,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350,48352],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48343,142],{"class":141},[43,48345,145],{"class":53},[43,48347,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48349,145],{"class":53},[43,48351,4285],{"class":4466},[43,48353,2377],{"class":53},[14,48355,349],{},[34,48357,48359],{"className":36,"code":48358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n0\n",[18,48360,48361,48365],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48362,48363],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48364,47544],{"class":104},[43,48366,48367],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48368,47879],{"class":104},[14,48370,48371],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[34,48373,48375],{"className":36,"code":48374,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,48376,48377,48386,48401,48405],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48378,48379,48382,48384],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48380,48381],{"class":49},"passed ",[43,48383,98],{"class":97},[43,48385,7038],{"class":4466},[43,48387,48388,48390,48392,48394,48396,48399],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48389,41808],{"class":49},[43,48391,98],{"class":97},[43,48393,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48395,145],{"class":53},[43,48397,48398],{"class":148},"passed",[43,48400,346],{"class":53},[43,48402,48403],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48404,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,48406,48407,48409,48411,48413],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48408,142],{"class":141},[43,48410,145],{"class":53},[43,48412,41837],{"class":148},[43,48414,346],{"class":53},[14,48416,349],{},[34,48418,48419],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48420,48421],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48422,48423],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48424,47544],{"class":104},[14,48426,48427,48428,79],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[269,48429,48430,2910],{"href":6396},[18,48431,4426],{},[81,48433,48435],{"id":48434},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,48437,48438,48439,48442],{},"Use the ",[18,48440,48441],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1499,48444,48446],{"id":48445},"binary-example","Binary example",[34,48448,48450],{"className":36,"code":48449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,48451,48452],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48453,48454,48456,48458,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468,48470,48472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48455,142],{"class":141},[43,48457,145],{"class":53},[43,48459,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48461,145],{"class":53},[43,48463,265],{"class":264},[43,48465,47219],{"class":268},[43,48467,265],{"class":264},[43,48469,108],{"class":53},[43,48471,1525],{"class":104},[43,48473,2377],{"class":53},[14,48475,349],{},[34,48477,48478],{"className":36,"code":3556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48479,48480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48481,48482],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48483,3556],{"class":104},[14,48485,48486,48489],{},[18,48487,48488],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[389,48491,48492,48497,48502],{},[392,48493,48494],{},[18,48495,48496],{},"1 × 4",[392,48498,48499],{},[18,48500,48501],{},"0 × 2",[392,48503,48504],{},[18,48505,48506],{},"1 × 1",[14,48508,48509,48510,79],{},"So the result is ",[18,48511,831],{},[1499,48513,48515],{"id":48514},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[34,48517,48519],{"className":36,"code":48518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,48520,48521],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48522,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48524,142],{"class":141},[43,48526,145],{"class":53},[43,48528,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48530,145],{"class":53},[43,48532,265],{"class":264},[43,48534,47644],{"class":268},[43,48536,265],{"class":264},[43,48538,108],{"class":53},[43,48540,14612],{"class":104},[43,48542,2377],{"class":53},[14,48544,349],{},[34,48546,48547],{"className":36,"code":47673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48548,48549],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48550,48551],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48552,47673],{"class":104},[1499,48554,48556],{"id":48555},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48558,1242,48559,48561],{},[18,48560,48441],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48563,48564],{},"Good:",[34,48566,48567],{"className":36,"code":48449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48568,48569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48570,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48572,142],{"class":141},[43,48574,145],{"class":53},[43,48576,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48578,145],{"class":53},[43,48580,265],{"class":264},[43,48582,47219],{"class":268},[43,48584,265],{"class":264},[43,48586,108],{"class":53},[43,48588,1525],{"class":104},[43,48590,2377],{"class":53},[14,48592,48593],{},"Not correct:",[34,48595,48597],{"className":36,"code":48596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48598,48599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48600,48601],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48602,48596],{"class":165},[14,48604,48605,48606,9220,48608,48610],{},"That causes a ",[18,48607,3614],{},[18,48609,48441],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[81,48612,48614],{"id":48613},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48616,48617,48618,48620,48621,1233,48623,79],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48619,3485],{}," are ",[18,48622,1553],{},[18,48624,3614],{},[1499,48626,48627],{"id":42139},[18,48628,1553],{},[14,48630,48631],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48633,494],{},[34,48635,48637],{"className":36,"code":48636,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48638,48639,48645,48663,48675],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48640,48641,48643],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48642,30429],{"class":4491},[43,48644,7009],{"class":53},[43,48646,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48648,8687],{"class":141},[43,48650,145],{"class":53},[43,48652,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48654,145],{"class":53},[43,48656,265],{"class":264},[43,48658,40770],{"class":268},[43,48660,265],{"class":264},[43,48662,2377],{"class":53},[43,48664,48665,48667,48669,48671,48673],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48666,30460],{"class":4491},[43,48668,42552],{"class":3510},[43,48670,47985],{"class":4491},[43,48672,47988],{"class":49},[43,48674,7009],{"class":53},[43,48676,48677,48679,48681,48683],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48678,8687],{"class":141},[43,48680,145],{"class":53},[43,48682,48017],{"class":148},[43,48684,346],{"class":53},[14,48686,349],{},[34,48688,48690],{"className":36,"code":48689,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48691,48692],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48693,48694,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711,48713,48715],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48695,48696],{"class":49},"invalid literal ",[43,48698,6574],{"class":4491},[43,48700,45903],{"class":3510},[43,48702,7983],{"class":53},[43,48704,48053],{"class":4491},[43,48706,48056],{"class":49},[43,48708,105],{"class":104},[43,48710,59],{"class":53},[43,48712,370],{"class":264},[43,48714,40770],{"class":268},[43,48716,30325],{"class":264},[14,48718,48719,48720,48723,48724,48726],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48721,48722],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48725,3485],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[34,48728,48730],{"className":36,"code":48729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48731,48732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48733,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48735,142],{"class":141},[43,48737,145],{"class":53},[43,48739,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48741,145],{"class":53},[43,48743,2798],{"class":3510},[43,48745,145],{"class":53},[43,48747,265],{"class":264},[43,48749,40770],{"class":268},[43,48751,265],{"class":264},[43,48753,3521],{"class":53},[14,48755,349],{},[34,48757,48758],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48759,48760],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48761,48762],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48763,47244],{"class":104},[14,48765,48766,48767,1233,48770,79],{},"If you see this often, read ",[269,48768,48769],{"href":3571},"how to convert string to int in Python",[269,48771,26303,48772],{"href":46543},[18,48773,46544],{},[1499,48775,48776],{"id":42205},[18,48777,3614],{},[14,48779,48780],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48782,494],{},[34,48784,48786],{"className":36,"code":48785,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48787,48788,48794,48808,48821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48789,48790,48792],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48791,30429],{"class":4491},[43,48793,7009],{"class":53},[43,48795,48796,48798,48800,48802,48804,48806],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48797,8687],{"class":141},[43,48799,145],{"class":53},[43,48801,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48803,145],{"class":53},[43,48805,4391],{"class":4466},[43,48807,2377],{"class":53},[43,48809,48810,48812,48815,48817,48819],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48811,30460],{"class":4491},[43,48813,48814],{"class":3510}," TypeError",[43,48816,47985],{"class":4491},[43,48818,47988],{"class":49},[43,48820,7009],{"class":53},[43,48822,48823,48825,48827,48829],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48824,8687],{"class":141},[43,48826,145],{"class":53},[43,48828,48017],{"class":148},[43,48830,346],{"class":53},[14,48832,349],{},[34,48834,48836],{"className":36,"code":48835,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48837,48838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48839,48840,48842,48844,48847,48849,48851,48854,48856,48859,48861,48864,48866,48868,48870,48872,48875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48841,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48843,7983],{"class":53},[43,48845,48846],{"class":49}," argument must be a string",[43,48848,108],{"class":53},[43,48850,45171],{"class":49},[43,48852,48853],{"class":3510},"bytes",[43,48855,220],{"class":97},[43,48857,48858],{"class":49},"like ",[43,48860,43024],{"class":3510},[43,48862,48863],{"class":97}," or",[43,48865,41466],{"class":49},[43,48867,108],{"class":53},[43,48869,8718],{"class":97},[43,48871,370],{"class":264},[43,48873,48874],{"class":268},"NoneType",[43,48876,30325],{"class":264},[14,48878,48879,48880,48882],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48881,48441],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[34,48884,48886],{"className":36,"code":48885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48887,48888,48894,48912,48924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48889,48890,48892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48891,30429],{"class":4491},[43,48893,7009],{"class":53},[43,48895,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,48897,8687],{"class":141},[43,48899,145],{"class":53},[43,48901,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48903,145],{"class":53},[43,48905,47219],{"class":104},[43,48907,108],{"class":53},[43,48909,1525],{"class":104},[43,48911,2377],{"class":53},[43,48913,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,48915,30460],{"class":4491},[43,48917,48814],{"class":3510},[43,48919,47985],{"class":4491},[43,48921,47988],{"class":49},[43,48923,7009],{"class":53},[43,48925,48926,48928,48930,48932],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,48927,8687],{"class":141},[43,48929,145],{"class":53},[43,48931,48017],{"class":148},[43,48933,346],{"class":53},[14,48935,349],{},[34,48937,48939],{"className":36,"code":48938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48940,48941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48942,48943,48945,48947,48950,48952],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48944,2795],{"class":3510},[43,48946,7983],{"class":53},[43,48948,48949],{"class":49}," can",[43,48951,361],{"class":264},[43,48953,48954],{"class":268},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[81,48956,5576,48958],{"id":48957},"when-to-use-int",[18,48959,3485],{},[14,48961,230,48962,48964],{},[18,48963,3485],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48966,48967],{},"Common uses:",[389,48969,48970,48976,48979,48982],{},[392,48971,48972,48973,48975],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48974,3567],{}," into integers",[392,48977,48978],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[392,48980,48981],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[392,48983,48984,48985,37244],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48986,48441],{},[14,48988,48989],{},"Example with user input:",[34,48991,48993],{"className":36,"code":48992,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48994,48995,49009,49024,49028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48996,48997,49000,49002,49004,49007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48998,48999],{"class":49},"age_text ",[43,49001,98],{"class":97},[43,49003,276],{"class":264},[43,49005,49006],{"class":268},"18",[43,49008,3969],{"class":264},[43,49010,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49022],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49012,22250],{"class":49},[43,49014,98],{"class":97},[43,49016,45903],{"class":3510},[43,49018,145],{"class":53},[43,49020,49021],{"class":148},"age_text",[43,49023,346],{"class":53},[43,49025,49026],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49027,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49029,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49031,142],{"class":141},[43,49033,145],{"class":53},[43,49035,22250],{"class":148},[43,49037,2666],{"class":97},[43,49039,6113],{"class":104},[43,49041,346],{"class":53},[14,49043,349],{},[34,49045,49047],{"className":36,"code":49046,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"19\n",[18,49048,49049],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49050,49051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49052,49046],{"class":104},[81,49054,3438],{"id":3437},[14,49056,15358,49057,79],{},[18,49058,3485],{},[1499,49060,49062],{"id":49061},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,49064,49065],{},"This fails:",[34,49067,49069],{"className":36,"code":49068,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,49070,49071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49072,49073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49074,49068],{"class":165},[14,49076,49077,49078,49081],{},"Why: ",[18,49079,49080],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,49083,19462],{},[34,49085,49087],{"className":36,"code":49086,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,49088,49089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49090,49091,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49092,142],{"class":141},[43,49094,145],{"class":53},[43,49096,2795],{"class":3510},[43,49098,145],{"class":53},[43,49100,2798],{"class":3510},[43,49102,145],{"class":53},[43,49104,265],{"class":264},[43,49106,41749],{"class":268},[43,49108,265],{"class":264},[43,49110,3521],{"class":53},[1499,49112,49114],{"id":49113},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,49116,49065],{},[34,49118,49120],{"className":36,"code":49119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,49121,49122],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49123,49124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49125,49119],{"class":165},[14,49127,49128],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1499,49130,49132,49133],{"id":49131},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,49134,49135],{},"int(None)",[14,49137,49138,49139,49141],{},"This fails because ",[18,49140,4391],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[34,49143,49145],{"className":36,"code":49144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,49146,49147,49156,49160,49166,49180,49192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49148,49149,49151,49153],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49150,3054],{"class":49},[43,49152,98],{"class":97},[43,49154,49155],{"class":4466}," None\n",[43,49157,49158],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49159,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49161,49162,49164],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49163,30429],{"class":4491},[43,49165,7009],{"class":53},[43,49167,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49169,8687],{"class":141},[43,49171,145],{"class":53},[43,49173,2795],{"class":3510},[43,49175,145],{"class":53},[43,49177,3080],{"class":148},[43,49179,2377],{"class":53},[43,49181,49182,49184,49186,49188,49190],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,49183,30460],{"class":4491},[43,49185,48814],{"class":3510},[43,49187,47985],{"class":4491},[43,49189,47988],{"class":49},[43,49191,7009],{"class":53},[43,49193,49194,49196,49198,49200],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,49195,8687],{"class":141},[43,49197,145],{"class":53},[43,49199,48017],{"class":148},[43,49201,346],{"class":53},[1499,49203,49205],{"id":49204},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,49207,49065],{},[34,49209,49210],{"className":36,"code":48596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49211,49212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49213,49214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49215,48596],{"class":165},[14,49217,49218],{},"Use a string instead:",[34,49220,49221],{"className":36,"code":48449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49222,49223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49224,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49226,142],{"class":141},[43,49228,145],{"class":53},[43,49230,2795],{"class":3510},[43,49232,145],{"class":53},[43,49234,265],{"class":264},[43,49236,47219],{"class":268},[43,49238,265],{"class":264},[43,49240,108],{"class":53},[43,49242,1525],{"class":104},[43,49244,2377],{"class":53},[1499,49246,9071,49248,49250],{"id":49247},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,49249,3485],{}," to round",[14,49252,49253],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[34,49255,49257],{"className":36,"code":49256,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,49258,49259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49260,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49262,142],{"class":141},[43,49264,145],{"class":53},[43,49266,2795],{"class":3510},[43,49268,145],{"class":53},[43,49270,49271],{"class":104},"4.9",[43,49273,2377],{"class":53},[14,49275,349],{},[34,49277,49279],{"className":36,"code":49278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4\n",[18,49280,49281],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49282,49283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49284,49278],{"class":104},[14,49286,3779,49287,49289,49290,49292],{},[18,49288,831],{},", remember that ",[18,49291,3485],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[81,49294,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,49296,13328,49298,49300],{"id":49297},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,49299,3485],{}," round numbers?",[14,49302,46992,49303,49305],{},[18,49304,3485],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1499,49307,5772,49309,49312],{"id":49308},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,49310,49311],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,49314,29686,49315,49317,49318,49320,49321,40557],{},[18,49316,48722],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,49319,3492],{}," first, then use ",[18,49322,3485],{},[1499,49324,2476,49326,13340],{"id":49325},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,49327,49328],{},"int(True)",[14,49330,5762,49331,28938,49333,42781,49335,79],{},[18,49332,154],{},[18,49334,4285],{},[18,49336,1277],{},[1499,49338,49340],{"id":49339},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,49342,49343],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[81,49345,2497],{"id":2496},[389,49347,49348,49354,49360,49366,49371,49375,49381],{},[392,49349,49350],{},[269,49351,49352,4120],{"href":3489},[18,49353,3492],{},[392,49355,49356],{},[269,49357,49358,4120],{"href":42801},[18,49359,48311],{},[392,49361,49362],{},[269,49363,49364,4120],{"href":6396},[18,49365,4426],{},[392,49367,49368],{},[269,49369,49370],{"href":3571},"How to convert string to int in Python",[392,49372,49373],{},[269,49374,9676],{"href":9598},[392,49376,49377],{},[269,49378,49379,4120],{"href":8838},[18,49380,3567],{},[392,49382,49383],{},[269,49384,30973,49385],{"href":46543},[18,49386,46544],{},[2536,49388,49389],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":49391},[49392,49393,49395,49399,49404,49406,49408,49413,49417,49419,49428,49437],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":47256,"depth":131,"text":49394},"What int() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":49396},[49397,49398],{"id":47447,"depth":138,"text":47450},{"id":47547,"depth":138,"text":47550},{"id":47683,"depth":131,"text":49400,"children":49401},"Using int() with strings",[49402,49403],{"id":47805,"depth":138,"text":47806},{"id":47893,"depth":138,"text":47894},{"id":48168,"depth":131,"text":49405},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48314,"depth":131,"text":49407},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48434,"depth":131,"text":48435,"children":49409},[49410,49411,49412],{"id":48445,"depth":138,"text":48446},{"id":48514,"depth":138,"text":48515},{"id":48555,"depth":138,"text":48556},{"id":48613,"depth":131,"text":48614,"children":49414},[49415,49416],{"id":42139,"depth":138,"text":1553},{"id":42205,"depth":138,"text":3614},{"id":48957,"depth":131,"text":49418},"When to use int()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":49420},[49421,49422,49423,49425,49426],{"id":49061,"depth":138,"text":49062},{"id":49113,"depth":138,"text":49114},{"id":49131,"depth":138,"text":49424},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49204,"depth":138,"text":49205},{"id":49247,"depth":138,"text":49427},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":49429},[49430,49432,49434,49436],{"id":49297,"depth":138,"text":49431},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49308,"depth":138,"text":49433},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49325,"depth":138,"text":49435},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49339,"depth":138,"text":49340},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42722,"description":49438},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49445,"title":49446,"body":49447,"description":51283,"extension":2572,"meta":51284,"navigation":134,"path":45429,"seo":51285,"stem":51286,"__hash__":51287},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49448,"toc":51239},[49449,49454,49459,49467,49476,49478,49537,49543,49548,49553,49556,49584,49587,49590,49601,49611,49613,49615,49635,49639,49667,49669,49708,49710,49718,49720,49723,49727,49780,49782,49794,49798,49855,49857,49869,49875,49881,49885,49888,49891,49957,49959,49971,49977,49979,50031,50034,50075,50078,50085,50094,50100,50103,50136,50142,50145,50176,50182,50185,50197,50201,50206,50210,50368,50370,50385,50388,50392,50496,50498,50515,50519,50580,50582,50590,50593,50597,50664,50666,50675,50681,50683,50692,50694,50729,50734,50736,50766,50770,50772,50809,50812,50814,50851,50857,50859,50909,50911,50919,50929,50935,50939,50944,50993,50995,51008,51011,51013,51016,51091,51094,51113,51116,51146,51156,51158,51163,51170,51176,51182,51189,51197,51203,51206,51208,51236],[10,49450,4187,49452,4191],{"id":49451},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,49453,45432],{},[14,49455,49456,49458],{},[18,49457,45432],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49460,49461,49462,3486,49464,49466],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,49463,4216],{},[18,49465,4285],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49468,49469,49470,49472,49473,49475],{},"In many cases, ",[18,49471,45432],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,49474,2909],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[81,49477,4221],{"id":4220},[34,49479,49481],{"className":36,"code":49480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,49482,49483,49491,49495,49516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49484,49485,49487,49489],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49486,3054],{"class":49},[43,49488,98],{"class":97},[43,49490,3194],{"class":104},[43,49492,49493],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49494,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49496,49497,49499,49501,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49498,142],{"class":141},[43,49500,145],{"class":53},[43,49502,49503],{"class":141},"isinstance",[43,49505,145],{"class":53},[43,49507,3080],{"class":148},[43,49509,108],{"class":53},[43,49511,45903],{"class":3510},[43,49513,5977],{"class":53},[43,49515,44481],{"class":165},[43,49517,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49533,49535],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49519,142],{"class":141},[43,49521,145],{"class":53},[43,49523,49503],{"class":141},[43,49525,145],{"class":53},[43,49527,3080],{"class":148},[43,49529,108],{"class":53},[43,49531,49532],{"class":3510}," str",[43,49534,5977],{"class":53},[43,49536,44498],{"class":165},[14,49538,230,49539,49542],{},[18,49540,49541],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[81,49544,4289,49546,4292],{"id":49545},"what-isinstance-does",[18,49547,45432],{},[14,49549,49550,49552],{},[18,49551,45432],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49554,49555],{},"It:",[389,49557,49558,49561,49567,49570],{},[392,49559,49560],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[392,49562,12045,49563,3486,49565],{},[18,49564,4216],{},[18,49566,4285],{},[392,49568,49569],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[392,49571,49572,49573,21,49575,21,49577,21,49579,25,49582],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49574,4054],{},[18,49576,2795],{},[18,49578,8712],{},[18,49580,49581],{},"tuple",[18,49583,9440],{},[14,49585,49586],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49588,49589],{},"For example, you might want to:",[389,49591,49592,49595,49598],{},[392,49593,49594],{},"loop through a list",[392,49596,49597],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[392,49599,49600],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49602,49603,49604,3486,49607,79],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[269,49605,45424],{"href":49606},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[269,49608,49610],{"href":49609},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[81,49612,2763],{"id":2762},[14,49614,2766],{},[34,49616,49618],{"className":36,"code":49617,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49619,49620],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49621,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49623,49503],{"class":141},[43,49625,145],{"class":53},[43,49627,43024],{"class":3510},[43,49629,108],{"class":53},[43,49631,49632],{"class":148}," classinfo",[43,49634,346],{"class":53},[1499,49636,49638],{"id":49637},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[389,49640,49641,49646,49660],{},[392,49642,49643,49645],{},[18,49644,43024],{}," is the value you want to test",[392,49647,49648,49651,49652,21,49654,21,49656,2799,49658],{},[18,49649,49650],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49653,2795],{},[18,49655,4054],{},[18,49657,8712],{},[18,49659,9440],{},[392,49661,49662,49663,3486,49665],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49664,4216],{},[18,49666,4285],{},[14,49668,494],{},[34,49670,49672],{"className":36,"code":49671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49673,49674,49686,49690],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49675,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49677,8494],{"class":49},[43,49679,98],{"class":97},[43,49681,276],{"class":264},[43,49683,12131],{"class":268},[43,49685,3969],{"class":264},[43,49687,49688],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49689,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49691,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49693,142],{"class":141},[43,49695,145],{"class":53},[43,49697,49503],{"class":141},[43,49699,145],{"class":53},[43,49701,8286],{"class":148},[43,49703,108],{"class":53},[43,49705,49532],{"class":3510},[43,49707,2377],{"class":53},[14,49709,349],{},[34,49711,49712],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49713,49714],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49715,49716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49717,4594],{"class":4466},[81,49719,12097],{"id":12096},[14,49721,49722],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1499,49724,49726],{"id":49725},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[34,49728,49730],{"className":36,"code":49729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49731,49732,49740,49744,49762],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49733,49734,49736,49738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49735,3054],{"class":49},[43,49737,98],{"class":97},[43,49739,45852],{"class":104},[43,49741,49742],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49743,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49745,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756,49758,49760],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49747,142],{"class":141},[43,49749,145],{"class":53},[43,49751,49503],{"class":141},[43,49753,145],{"class":53},[43,49755,3080],{"class":148},[43,49757,108],{"class":53},[43,49759,45903],{"class":3510},[43,49761,2377],{"class":53},[43,49763,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776,49778],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49765,142],{"class":141},[43,49767,145],{"class":53},[43,49769,49503],{"class":141},[43,49771,145],{"class":53},[43,49773,3080],{"class":148},[43,49775,108],{"class":53},[43,49777,49532],{"class":3510},[43,49779,2377],{"class":53},[14,49781,349],{},[34,49783,49784],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49785,49786,49790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49787,49788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49789,4594],{"class":4466},[43,49791,49792],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49793,4655],{"class":4466},[1499,49795,49797],{"id":49796},"check-text","Check text",[34,49799,49801],{"className":36,"code":49800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49802,49803,49815,49819,49837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49804,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49806,35316],{"class":49},[43,49808,98],{"class":97},[43,49810,276],{"class":264},[43,49812,4459],{"class":268},[43,49814,3969],{"class":264},[43,49816,49817],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49818,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49820,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49822,142],{"class":141},[43,49824,145],{"class":53},[43,49826,49503],{"class":141},[43,49828,145],{"class":53},[43,49830,35337],{"class":148},[43,49832,108],{"class":53},[43,49834,49532],{"class":3510},[43,49836,2377],{"class":53},[43,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49840,142],{"class":141},[43,49842,145],{"class":53},[43,49844,49503],{"class":141},[43,49846,145],{"class":53},[43,49848,35337],{"class":148},[43,49850,108],{"class":53},[43,49852,45903],{"class":3510},[43,49854,2377],{"class":53},[14,49856,349],{},[34,49858,49859],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49860,49861,49865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49862,49863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49864,4594],{"class":4466},[43,49866,49867],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49868,4655],{"class":4466},[14,49870,49871,49872,49874],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49873,45432],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49876,49877,49878,79],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[269,49879,49880],{"href":3571},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[81,49882,49884],{"id":49883},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49886,49887],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49889,49890],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[34,49892,49894],{"className":36,"code":49893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49895,49896,49905,49909,49933],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49897,49898,49900,49902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49899,3054],{"class":49},[43,49901,98],{"class":97},[43,49903,49904],{"class":104}," 3.5\n",[43,49906,49907],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49910,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49912,142],{"class":141},[43,49914,145],{"class":53},[43,49916,49503],{"class":141},[43,49918,145],{"class":53},[43,49920,3080],{"class":148},[43,49922,108],{"class":53},[43,49924,9855],{"class":53},[43,49926,2795],{"class":3510},[43,49928,108],{"class":53},[43,49930,40882],{"class":3510},[43,49932,3521],{"class":53},[43,49934,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,49936,142],{"class":141},[43,49938,145],{"class":53},[43,49940,49503],{"class":141},[43,49942,145],{"class":53},[43,49944,3080],{"class":148},[43,49946,108],{"class":53},[43,49948,9855],{"class":53},[43,49950,4054],{"class":3510},[43,49952,108],{"class":53},[43,49954,23182],{"class":3510},[43,49956,3521],{"class":53},[14,49958,349],{},[34,49960,49961],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49962,49963,49967],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49964,49965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49966,4594],{"class":4466},[43,49968,49969],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49970,4655],{"class":4466},[14,49972,49973,49974,49976],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49975,41463],{}," conditions.",[14,49978,8917],{},[34,49980,49982],{"className":36,"code":49981,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49983,49984,49992,49996],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49985,49986,49988,49990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49987,3054],{"class":49},[43,49989,98],{"class":97},[43,49991,49904],{"class":104},[43,49993,49994],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,49995,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,49997,49998,50000,50002,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,49999,142],{"class":141},[43,50001,145],{"class":53},[43,50003,3832],{"class":3510},[43,50005,145],{"class":53},[43,50007,3080],{"class":148},[43,50009,4272],{"class":53},[43,50011,7024],{"class":97},[43,50013,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50015,48863],{"class":4491},[43,50017,50018],{"class":3510}," type",[43,50020,145],{"class":53},[43,50022,3080],{"class":148},[43,50024,4272],{"class":53},[43,50026,7024],{"class":97},[43,50028,40882],{"class":3510},[43,50030,346],{"class":53},[14,50032,50033],{},"you can write this:",[34,50035,50037],{"className":36,"code":50036,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50038,50039,50047,50051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50040,50041,50043,50045],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50042,3054],{"class":49},[43,50044,98],{"class":97},[43,50046,49904],{"class":104},[43,50048,50049],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50050,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50052,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50054,142],{"class":141},[43,50056,145],{"class":53},[43,50058,49503],{"class":141},[43,50060,145],{"class":53},[43,50062,3080],{"class":148},[43,50064,108],{"class":53},[43,50066,9855],{"class":53},[43,50068,2795],{"class":3510},[43,50070,108],{"class":53},[43,50072,40882],{"class":3510},[43,50074,3521],{"class":53},[14,50076,50077],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[81,50079,50081,11205,50083],{"id":50080},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,50082,45432],{},[18,50084,2909],{},[14,50086,11210,50087,1233,50089,50093],{},[18,50088,45432],{},[269,50090,50091],{"href":2906},[18,50092,2909],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1499,50095,50097],{"id":50096},"typevalue-int",[18,50098,50099],{},"type(value) == int",[14,50101,50102],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[34,50104,50106],{"className":36,"code":50105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,50107,50108,50116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50109,50110,50112,50114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50111,3054],{"class":49},[43,50113,98],{"class":97},[43,50115,3194],{"class":104},[43,50117,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50119,142],{"class":141},[43,50121,145],{"class":53},[43,50123,3832],{"class":3510},[43,50125,145],{"class":53},[43,50127,3080],{"class":148},[43,50129,4272],{"class":53},[43,50131,7024],{"class":97},[43,50133,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50135,346],{"class":53},[1499,50137,50139],{"id":50138},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,50140,50141],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,50143,50144],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[34,50146,50148],{"className":36,"code":50147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,50149,50150,50158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50151,50152,50154,50156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50153,3054],{"class":49},[43,50155,98],{"class":97},[43,50157,3194],{"class":104},[43,50159,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50161,142],{"class":141},[43,50163,145],{"class":53},[43,50165,49503],{"class":141},[43,50167,145],{"class":53},[43,50169,3080],{"class":148},[43,50171,108],{"class":53},[43,50173,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50175,2377],{"class":53},[14,50177,50178,50179,50181],{},"For beginners, ",[18,50180,45432],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,50183,50184],{},"In everyday code:",[389,50186,50187,50192],{},[392,50188,40617,50189,50191],{},[18,50190,2909],{}," when you need the exact type",[392,50193,40617,50194,50196],{},[18,50195,45432],{}," when you want a practical type check",[81,50198,50200],{"id":50199},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,50202,50203,50204,79],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,50205,45432],{},[1499,50207,50209],{"id":50208},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[34,50211,50213],{"className":36,"code":50212,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,50214,50215,50233,50252,50264,50269,50287,50298,50302,50314,50318,50342],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50216,50217,50219,50222,50224,50226,50228,50231],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50218,35480],{"class":2671},[43,50220,50221],{"class":35483}," repeat_text",[43,50223,145],{"class":53},[43,50225,35337],{"class":38290},[43,50227,108],{"class":53},[43,50229,50230],{"class":38290}," count",[43,50232,8960],{"class":53},[43,50234,50235,50237,50239,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50236,7014],{"class":4491},[43,50238,8718],{"class":97},[43,50240,50241],{"class":141}," isinstance",[43,50243,145],{"class":53},[43,50245,35337],{"class":148},[43,50247,108],{"class":53},[43,50249,49532],{"class":3510},[43,50251,8960],{"class":53},[43,50253,50254,50257,50259,50262],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50255,50256],{"class":4491},"        return",[43,50258,276],{"class":264},[43,50260,50261],{"class":268},"text must be a string",[43,50263,3969],{"class":264},[43,50265,50266],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50267,50268],{"class":49},"    \n",[43,50270,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,50272,7014],{"class":4491},[43,50274,8718],{"class":97},[43,50276,50241],{"class":141},[43,50278,145],{"class":53},[43,50280,41885],{"class":148},[43,50282,108],{"class":53},[43,50284,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50286,8960],{"class":53},[43,50288,50289,50291,50293,50296],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,50290,50256],{"class":4491},[43,50292,276],{"class":264},[43,50294,50295],{"class":268},"count must be an integer",[43,50297,3969],{"class":264},[43,50299,50300],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,50301,50268],{"class":49},[43,50303,50304,50306,50309,50311],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,50305,35491],{"class":4491},[43,50307,50308],{"class":49}," text ",[43,50310,40500],{"class":97},[43,50312,50313],{"class":49}," count\n",[43,50315,50316],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,50317,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50319,50320,50322,50324,50327,50329,50331,50334,50336,50338,50340],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,50321,142],{"class":141},[43,50323,145],{"class":53},[43,50325,50326],{"class":148},"repeat_text",[43,50328,145],{"class":53},[43,50330,265],{"class":264},[43,50332,50333],{"class":268},"Hi ",[43,50335,265],{"class":264},[43,50337,108],{"class":53},[43,50339,1530],{"class":104},[43,50341,2377],{"class":53},[43,50343,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366],{"class":45,"line":12217},[43,50345,142],{"class":141},[43,50347,145],{"class":53},[43,50349,50326],{"class":148},[43,50351,145],{"class":53},[43,50353,265],{"class":264},[43,50355,50333],{"class":268},[43,50357,265],{"class":264},[43,50359,108],{"class":53},[43,50361,276],{"class":264},[43,50363,181],{"class":268},[43,50365,265],{"class":264},[43,50367,2377],{"class":53},[14,50369,349],{},[34,50371,50373],{"className":36,"code":50372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,50374,50375,50380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50376,50377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50378,50379],{"class":49},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[43,50381,50382],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50383,50384],{"class":49},"count must be an integer\n",[14,50386,50387],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1499,50389,50391],{"id":50390},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[34,50393,50395],{"className":36,"code":50394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,50396,50397,50429,50433,50449,50464,50481],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50398,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50400,3054],{"class":49},[43,50402,98],{"class":97},[43,50404,101],{"class":53},[43,50406,265],{"class":264},[43,50408,269],{"class":268},[43,50410,265],{"class":264},[43,50412,108],{"class":53},[43,50414,276],{"class":264},[43,50416,279],{"class":268},[43,50418,265],{"class":264},[43,50420,108],{"class":53},[43,50422,276],{"class":264},[43,50424,288],{"class":268},[43,50426,265],{"class":264},[43,50428,68],{"class":53},[43,50430,50431],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50432,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50434,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50436,7614],{"class":4491},[43,50438,50241],{"class":141},[43,50440,145],{"class":53},[43,50442,3080],{"class":148},[43,50444,108],{"class":53},[43,50446,49532],{"class":3510},[43,50448,8960],{"class":53},[43,50450,50451,50453,50455,50457,50460,50462],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50452,8687],{"class":141},[43,50454,145],{"class":53},[43,50456,265],{"class":264},[43,50458,50459],{"class":268},"This is text",[43,50461,265],{"class":264},[43,50463,346],{"class":53},[43,50465,50466,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,50467,50468],{"class":4491},"elif",[43,50470,50241],{"class":141},[43,50472,145],{"class":53},[43,50474,3080],{"class":148},[43,50476,108],{"class":53},[43,50478,23182],{"class":3510},[43,50480,8960],{"class":53},[43,50482,50483,50485,50487,50489,50492,50494],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,50484,8687],{"class":141},[43,50486,145],{"class":53},[43,50488,265],{"class":264},[43,50490,50491],{"class":268},"This is a list",[43,50493,265],{"class":264},[43,50495,346],{"class":53},[14,50497,349],{},[34,50499,50501],{"className":36,"code":50500,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This is a list\n",[18,50502,50503],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50504,50505,50508,50510,50512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50506,50507],{"class":49},"This ",[43,50509,12817],{"class":97},[43,50511,45171],{"class":49},[43,50513,50514],{"class":3510},"list\n",[1499,50516,50518],{"id":50517},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[34,50520,50522],{"className":36,"code":50521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,50523,50524,50536,50540,50556,50570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50525,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50527,3054],{"class":49},[43,50529,98],{"class":97},[43,50531,276],{"class":264},[43,50533,47153],{"class":268},[43,50535,3969],{"class":264},[43,50537,50538],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50539,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50541,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50543,7614],{"class":4491},[43,50545,50241],{"class":141},[43,50547,145],{"class":53},[43,50549,3080],{"class":148},[43,50551,108],{"class":53},[43,50553,49532],{"class":3510},[43,50555,8960],{"class":53},[43,50557,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50559,42516],{"class":49},[43,50561,98],{"class":97},[43,50563,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50565,145],{"class":53},[43,50567,3080],{"class":148},[43,50569,346],{"class":53},[43,50571,50572,50574,50576,50578],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,50573,8687],{"class":141},[43,50575,145],{"class":53},[43,50577,2846],{"class":148},[43,50579,346],{"class":53},[14,50581,349],{},[34,50583,50584],{"className":36,"code":47239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50585,50586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50587,50588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50589,47239],{"class":104},[14,50591,50592],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1499,50594,50596],{"id":50595},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[34,50598,50600],{"className":36,"code":50599,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50601,50602,50626,50630,50646],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50605,3054],{"class":49},[43,50607,98],{"class":97},[43,50609,11110],{"class":53},[43,50611,265],{"class":264},[43,50613,8286],{"class":268},[43,50615,265],{"class":264},[43,50617,59],{"class":53},[43,50619,276],{"class":264},[43,50621,13505],{"class":268},[43,50623,265],{"class":264},[43,50625,9928],{"class":53},[43,50627,50628],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50629,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50633,7614],{"class":4491},[43,50635,50241],{"class":141},[43,50637,145],{"class":53},[43,50639,3080],{"class":148},[43,50641,108],{"class":53},[43,50643,9789],{"class":3510},[43,50645,8960],{"class":53},[43,50647,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50649,8687],{"class":141},[43,50651,145],{"class":53},[43,50653,3080],{"class":148},[43,50655,54],{"class":53},[43,50657,265],{"class":264},[43,50659,8286],{"class":268},[43,50661,265],{"class":264},[43,50663,1547],{"class":53},[14,50665,349],{},[34,50667,50669],{"className":36,"code":50668,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\n",[18,50670,50671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50672,50673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50674,50668],{"class":49},[14,50676,50677,50678,50680],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50679,3614],{}," messages later.",[81,50682,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,50684,50686,50687,11713,50690],{"id":50685},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50688,50689],{},"\"int\"",[18,50691,2795],{},[14,50693,1970],{},[34,50695,50697],{"className":36,"code":50696,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50698,50699,50707],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50700,50701,50703,50705],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50702,3054],{"class":49},[43,50704,98],{"class":97},[43,50706,3194],{"class":104},[43,50708,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50710,142],{"class":141},[43,50712,145],{"class":53},[43,50714,49503],{"class":141},[43,50716,145],{"class":53},[43,50718,3080],{"class":148},[43,50720,108],{"class":53},[43,50722,276],{"class":264},[43,50724,2795],{"class":268},[43,50726,265],{"class":264},[43,50728,2377],{"class":53},[14,50730,50731,50733],{},[18,50732,50689],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50735,17277],{},[34,50737,50738],{"className":36,"code":50147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50739,50740,50748],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50741,50742,50744,50746],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50743,3054],{"class":49},[43,50745,98],{"class":97},[43,50747,3194],{"class":104},[43,50749,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50751,142],{"class":141},[43,50753,145],{"class":53},[43,50755,49503],{"class":141},[43,50757,145],{"class":53},[43,50759,3080],{"class":148},[43,50761,108],{"class":53},[43,50763,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50765,2377],{"class":53},[1499,50767,50769],{"id":50768},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50771,1970],{},[34,50773,50775],{"className":36,"code":50774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50776,50777,50785],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50778,50779,50781,50783],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50780,3054],{"class":49},[43,50782,98],{"class":97},[43,50784,35471],{"class":104},[43,50786,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50788,142],{"class":141},[43,50790,145],{"class":53},[43,50792,49503],{"class":141},[43,50794,145],{"class":53},[43,50796,3080],{"class":148},[43,50798,108],{"class":53},[43,50800,101],{"class":53},[43,50802,2795],{"class":3510},[43,50804,108],{"class":53},[43,50806,40882],{"class":3510},[43,50808,3608],{"class":53},[14,50810,50811],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50813,17277],{},[34,50815,50817],{"className":36,"code":50816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50818,50819,50827],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50820,50821,50823,50825],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50822,3054],{"class":49},[43,50824,98],{"class":97},[43,50826,35471],{"class":104},[43,50828,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50830,142],{"class":141},[43,50832,145],{"class":53},[43,50834,49503],{"class":141},[43,50836,145],{"class":53},[43,50838,3080],{"class":148},[43,50840,108],{"class":53},[43,50842,9855],{"class":53},[43,50844,2795],{"class":3510},[43,50846,108],{"class":53},[43,50848,40882],{"class":3510},[43,50850,3521],{"class":53},[1499,50852,26398,50854,50856],{"id":50853},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50855,45432],{}," converts a value",[14,50858,19535],{},[34,50860,50862],{"className":36,"code":50861,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50863,50864,50877,50895,50899],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50865,50866,50868,50870,50872,50875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50867,3054],{"class":49},[43,50869,98],{"class":97},[43,50871,276],{"class":264},[43,50873,50874],{"class":268},"123",[43,50876,3969],{"class":264},[43,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50880,2836],{"class":49},[43,50882,98],{"class":97},[43,50884,50241],{"class":141},[43,50886,145],{"class":53},[43,50888,3080],{"class":148},[43,50890,108],{"class":53},[43,50892,45903],{"class":3510},[43,50894,346],{"class":53},[43,50896,50897],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50898,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50902,142],{"class":141},[43,50904,145],{"class":53},[43,50906,2871],{"class":148},[43,50908,346],{"class":53},[14,50910,349],{},[34,50912,50913],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50914,50915],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50916,50917],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50918,4655],{"class":4466},[14,50920,50921,50922,50925,50926,50928],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50923,50924],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50927,50874],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50930,50931,50932,7247],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50933,50934],{},"int(value)",[1499,50936,50938],{"id":50937},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50940,50941,50943],{},[18,50942,45432],{}," does not modify anything.",[34,50945,50947],{"className":36,"code":50946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50948,50949,50961,50965,50983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50950,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50952,3054],{"class":49},[43,50954,98],{"class":97},[43,50956,276],{"class":264},[43,50958,14183],{"class":268},[43,50960,3969],{"class":264},[43,50962,50963],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,50964,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,50966,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,50968,142],{"class":141},[43,50970,145],{"class":53},[43,50972,49503],{"class":141},[43,50974,145],{"class":53},[43,50976,3080],{"class":148},[43,50978,108],{"class":53},[43,50980,49532],{"class":3510},[43,50982,2377],{"class":53},[43,50984,50985,50987,50989,50991],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,50986,142],{"class":141},[43,50988,145],{"class":53},[43,50990,3080],{"class":148},[43,50992,346],{"class":53},[14,50994,349],{},[34,50996,50998],{"className":36,"code":50997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n100\n",[18,50999,51000,51004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51001,51002],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51003,4594],{"class":4466},[43,51005,51006],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51007,47890],{"class":104},[14,51009,51010],{},"The value stays the same.",[81,51012,26566],{"id":26565},[14,51014,51015],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[34,51017,51019],{"className":36,"code":51018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,51020,51021,51035,51053,51077],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51022,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51024,142],{"class":141},[43,51026,145],{"class":53},[43,51028,3832],{"class":3510},[43,51030,145],{"class":53},[43,51032,3080],{"class":148},[43,51034,2377],{"class":53},[43,51036,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51038,142],{"class":141},[43,51040,145],{"class":53},[43,51042,49503],{"class":141},[43,51044,145],{"class":53},[43,51046,3080],{"class":148},[43,51048,108],{"class":53},[43,51050,45903],{"class":3510},[43,51052,2377],{"class":53},[43,51054,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,51056,142],{"class":141},[43,51058,145],{"class":53},[43,51060,49503],{"class":141},[43,51062,145],{"class":53},[43,51064,3080],{"class":148},[43,51066,108],{"class":53},[43,51068,9855],{"class":53},[43,51070,2795],{"class":3510},[43,51072,108],{"class":53},[43,51074,40882],{"class":3510},[43,51076,3521],{"class":53},[43,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,51080,142],{"class":141},[43,51082,145],{"class":53},[43,51084,42405],{"class":141},[43,51086,145],{"class":53},[43,51088,3080],{"class":148},[43,51090,2377],{"class":53},[14,51092,51093],{},"These can help when:",[389,51095,51096,51099,51104,51107],{},[392,51097,51098],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[392,51100,51101,51102],{},"you are getting a ",[18,51103,3614],{},[392,51105,51106],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[392,51108,51109,51110,51112],{},"the second argument to ",[18,51111,45432],{}," is invalid",[14,51114,51115],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[389,51117,51118,51132,51138,51143],{},[392,51119,51120,51121,3486,51124,51127,51128,3486,51130],{},"using ",[18,51122,51123],{},"'int'",[18,51125,51126],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,51129,2795],{},[18,51131,4054],{},[392,51133,51134,51135,51137],{},"expecting ",[18,51136,45432],{}," to convert a value",[392,51139,51120,51140,51142],{},[18,51141,2909],{}," when inherited types should also match",[392,51144,51145],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,51147,51148,51149,79],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[269,51150,51152,51153],{"href":51151},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,51154,51155],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[81,51157,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,51159,2476,51161,5759],{"id":51160},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,51162,45432],{},[14,51164,5762,51165,51167,51168,79],{},[18,51166,4216],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,51169,4285],{},[1499,51171,5784,51173,51175],{"id":51172},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,51174,45432],{}," check more than one type?",[14,51177,51178,51179,79],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,51180,51181],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1499,51183,5794,51185,1233,51187,2490],{"id":51184},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,51186,45432],{},[18,51188,2909],{},[14,51190,51191,51193,51194,51196],{},[18,51192,2909],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,51195,45432],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1499,51198,13328,51200,51202],{"id":51199},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,51201,45432],{}," convert a value?",[14,51204,51205],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[81,51207,2497],{"id":2496},[389,51209,51210,51216,51220,51225,51230],{},[392,51211,51212],{},[269,51213,4187,51214,4120],{"href":2906},[18,51215,2909],{},[392,51217,51218],{},[269,51219,45424],{"href":49606},[392,51221,51222],{},[269,51223,51224],{"href":3571},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[392,51226,51227],{},[269,51228,51229],{"href":49609},"What is a data type in Python?",[392,51231,51232],{},[269,51233,51152,51234],{"href":51151},[18,51235,51155],{},[2536,51237,51238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":51240},[51241,51242,51244,51247,51251,51252,51257,51263,51271,51272,51282],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":49545,"depth":131,"text":51243},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":51245},[51246],{"id":49637,"depth":138,"text":49638},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097,"children":51248},[51249,51250],{"id":49725,"depth":138,"text":49726},{"id":49796,"depth":138,"text":49797},{"id":49883,"depth":131,"text":49884},{"id":50080,"depth":131,"text":51253,"children":51254},"isinstance() vs type()",[51255,51256],{"id":50096,"depth":138,"text":50099},{"id":50138,"depth":138,"text":50141},{"id":50199,"depth":131,"text":50200,"children":51258},[51259,51260,51261,51262],{"id":50208,"depth":138,"text":50209},{"id":50390,"depth":138,"text":50391},{"id":50517,"depth":138,"text":50518},{"id":50595,"depth":138,"text":50596},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":51264},[51265,51267,51268,51270],{"id":50685,"depth":138,"text":51266},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50768,"depth":138,"text":50769},{"id":50853,"depth":138,"text":51269},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50937,"depth":138,"text":50938},{"id":26565,"depth":131,"text":26566},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":51273},[51274,51276,51278,51280],{"id":51160,"depth":138,"text":51275},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51172,"depth":138,"text":51277},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51184,"depth":138,"text":51279},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51199,"depth":138,"text":51281},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49446,"description":51283},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51289,"title":51290,"body":51291,"description":53262,"extension":2572,"meta":53263,"navigation":134,"path":53264,"seo":53265,"stem":53266,"__hash__":53267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51292,"toc":53237},[51293,51296,51301,51306,51320,51323,51325,51400,51405,51409,51414,51417,51431,51433,51598,51610,51612,51614,51629,51632,51635,51648,51650,51748,51752,51758,51761,51770,51772,51807,51812,51833,51838,51843,51875,51878,51935,51939,51945,51948,52001,52003,52043,52046,52114,52117,52168,52175,52179,52185,52270,52276,52282,52331,52334,52337,52387,52389,52394,52398,52448,52452,52499,52503,52580,52584,52649,52652,52656,52661,52666,52678,52680,52699,52705,52708,52727,52732,52759,52766,52770,52776,52779,52874,52877,52880,52929,52934,52936,52940,52975,52978,53035,53045,53048,53082,53085,53087,53091,53094,53098,53101,53105,53108,53112,53125,53129,53134,53136,53186,53198,53200,53234],[10,51294,51290],{"id":51295},"python-len-function-explained",[14,51297,9741,51298,51300],{},[18,51299,2448],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,51302,36035,51303,51305],{},[18,51304,2448],{}," to count:",[389,51307,51308,51311,51314,51317],{},[392,51309,51310],{},"characters in a string",[392,51312,51313],{},"items in a list or tuple",[392,51315,51316],{},"keys in a dictionary",[392,51318,51319],{},"unique items in a set",[14,51321,51322],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[81,51324,84],{"id":83},[34,51326,51328],{"className":36,"code":51327,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,51329,51330,51342,51362,51366,51383],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51331,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51333,35316],{"class":49},[43,51335,98],{"class":97},[43,51337,276],{"class":264},[43,51339,4459],{"class":268},[43,51341,3969],{"class":264},[43,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51345,8398],{"class":49},[43,51347,98],{"class":97},[43,51349,101],{"class":53},[43,51351,105],{"class":104},[43,51353,108],{"class":53},[43,51355,111],{"class":104},[43,51357,108],{"class":53},[43,51359,116],{"class":104},[43,51361,68],{"class":53},[43,51363,51364],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,51365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,51367,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,51369,142],{"class":141},[43,51371,145],{"class":53},[43,51373,2370],{"class":141},[43,51375,145],{"class":53},[43,51377,35337],{"class":148},[43,51379,5977],{"class":53},[43,51381,51382],{"class":165},"   # 5\n",[43,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,51386,142],{"class":141},[43,51388,145],{"class":53},[43,51390,2370],{"class":141},[43,51392,145],{"class":53},[43,51394,8427],{"class":148},[43,51396,5977],{"class":53},[43,51398,51399],{"class":165},"  # 3\n",[14,51401,230,51402,51404],{},[18,51403,2448],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[81,51406,51408],{"id":51407},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,51410,51411,51413],{},[18,51412,2448],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,51415,51416],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[389,51418,51419,51422,51425,51428],{},[392,51420,51421],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[392,51423,51424],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[392,51426,51427],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[392,51429,51430],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,51432,494],{},[34,51434,51436],{"className":36,"code":51435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,51437,51438,51450,51474,51506,51526,51530,51547,51564,51581],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51439,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51441,8494],{"class":49},[43,51443,98],{"class":97},[43,51445,276],{"class":264},[43,51447,8295],{"class":268},[43,51449,3969],{"class":264},[43,51451,51452,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51453,94],{"class":49},[43,51455,98],{"class":97},[43,51457,101],{"class":53},[43,51459,105],{"class":104},[43,51461,108],{"class":53},[43,51463,111],{"class":104},[43,51465,108],{"class":53},[43,51467,116],{"class":104},[43,51469,108],{"class":53},[43,51471,121],{"class":104},[43,51473,68],{"class":53},[43,51475,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,51477,9784],{"class":49},[43,51479,98],{"class":97},[43,51481,11110],{"class":53},[43,51483,265],{"class":264},[43,51485,269],{"class":268},[43,51487,265],{"class":264},[43,51489,59],{"class":53},[43,51491,6113],{"class":104},[43,51493,108],{"class":53},[43,51495,276],{"class":264},[43,51497,279],{"class":268},[43,51499,265],{"class":264},[43,51501,59],{"class":53},[43,51503,1525],{"class":104},[43,51505,9928],{"class":53},[43,51507,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,51509,4436],{"class":49},[43,51511,98],{"class":97},[43,51513,11110],{"class":53},[43,51515,831],{"class":104},[43,51517,108],{"class":53},[43,51519,38271],{"class":104},[43,51521,108],{"class":53},[43,51523,6609],{"class":104},[43,51525,9928],{"class":53},[43,51527,51528],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,51529,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,51531,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542,51544],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,51533,142],{"class":141},[43,51535,145],{"class":53},[43,51537,2370],{"class":141},[43,51539,145],{"class":53},[43,51541,8286],{"class":148},[43,51543,5977],{"class":53},[43,51545,51546],{"class":165},"     # 3\n",[43,51548,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,51550,142],{"class":141},[43,51552,145],{"class":53},[43,51554,2370],{"class":141},[43,51556,145],{"class":53},[43,51558,149],{"class":148},[43,51560,5977],{"class":53},[43,51562,51563],{"class":165},"  # 4\n",[43,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,51567,142],{"class":141},[43,51569,145],{"class":53},[43,51571,2370],{"class":141},[43,51573,145],{"class":53},[43,51575,9823],{"class":148},[43,51577,5977],{"class":53},[43,51579,51580],{"class":165},"     # 2\n",[43,51582,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,51584,142],{"class":141},[43,51586,145],{"class":53},[43,51588,2370],{"class":141},[43,51590,145],{"class":53},[43,51592,5974],{"class":148},[43,51594,5977],{"class":53},[43,51596,51597],{"class":165},"   # 3\n",[14,51599,51600,51601,21,51605,25,51608,79],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[269,51602,51604],{"href":51603},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[269,51606,51607],{"href":418},"Python lists explained",[269,51609,9774],{"href":9773},[81,51611,2763],{"id":2762},[14,51613,2766],{},[34,51615,51617],{"className":36,"code":51616,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len(object)\n",[18,51618,51619],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51622,2370],{"class":141},[43,51624,145],{"class":53},[43,51626,43024],{"class":3510},[43,51628,346],{"class":53},[14,51630,51631],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51633,51634],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[389,51636,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645],{},[392,51638,38535],{},[392,51640,38529],{},[392,51642,38532],{},[392,51644,38538],{},[392,51646,51647],{},"a dictionary",[14,51649,494],{},[34,51651,51653],{"className":36,"code":51652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51654,51655,51676,51700,51722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51656,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51658,142],{"class":141},[43,51660,145],{"class":53},[43,51662,2370],{"class":141},[43,51664,145],{"class":53},[43,51666,265],{"class":264},[43,51668,38],{"class":268},[43,51670,265],{"class":264},[43,51672,5977],{"class":53},[43,51674,51675],{"class":165},"      # 6\n",[43,51677,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696,51698],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51679,142],{"class":141},[43,51681,145],{"class":53},[43,51683,2370],{"class":141},[43,51685,3595],{"class":53},[43,51687,154],{"class":104},[43,51689,108],{"class":53},[43,51691,1525],{"class":104},[43,51693,108],{"class":53},[43,51695,1530],{"class":104},[43,51697,5350],{"class":53},[43,51699,51546],{"class":165},[43,51701,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714,51716,51719],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,51703,142],{"class":141},[43,51705,145],{"class":53},[43,51707,2370],{"class":141},[43,51709,6126],{"class":53},[43,51711,105],{"class":104},[43,51713,108],{"class":53},[43,51715,111],{"class":104},[43,51717,51718],{"class":53},")))",[43,51720,51721],{"class":165},"      # 2\n",[43,51723,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742,51745],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,51725,142],{"class":141},[43,51727,145],{"class":53},[43,51729,2370],{"class":141},[43,51731,6145],{"class":53},[43,51733,265],{"class":264},[43,51735,2780],{"class":268},[43,51737,265],{"class":264},[43,51739,59],{"class":53},[43,51741,6113],{"class":104},[43,51743,51744],{"class":53},"}))",[43,51746,51747],{"class":165},"      # 1\n",[81,51749,51751],{"id":51750},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51753,51754,51755,51757],{},"When you use ",[18,51756,2448],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51759,51760],{},"That includes:",[389,51762,51763,51765,51767],{},[392,51764,1079],{},[392,51766,11071],{},[392,51768,51769],{},"punctuation",[14,51771,494],{},[34,51773,51775],{"className":36,"code":51774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51776,51777,51790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51778,51779,51781,51783,51785,51788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51780,35316],{"class":49},[43,51782,98],{"class":97},[43,51784,276],{"class":264},[43,51786,51787],{"class":268},"Hi there!",[43,51789,3969],{"class":264},[43,51791,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51793,142],{"class":141},[43,51795,145],{"class":53},[43,51797,2370],{"class":141},[43,51799,145],{"class":53},[43,51801,35337],{"class":148},[43,51803,5977],{"class":53},[43,51805,51806],{"class":165},"  # 9\n",[14,51808,51809,51810,2490],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51811,2749],{},[389,51813,51814,51820,51824,51827],{},[392,51815,51816,51819],{},[18,51817,51818],{},"H"," = 1",[392,51821,51822,51819],{},[18,51823,36782],{},[392,51825,51826],{},"space = 1",[392,51828,51829,51832],{},[18,51830,51831],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51834,51835,51836],{},"Total: ",[18,51837,2749],{},[14,51839,51840,51841,59],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51842,1277],{},[34,51844,51846],{"className":36,"code":51845,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51847,51848,51857],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51849,51850,51853,51855],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51851,51852],{"class":49},"empty_text ",[43,51854,98],{"class":97},[43,51856,8499],{"class":264},[43,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51870,51872],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51860,142],{"class":141},[43,51862,145],{"class":53},[43,51864,2370],{"class":141},[43,51866,145],{"class":53},[43,51868,51869],{"class":148},"empty_text",[43,51871,5977],{"class":53},[43,51873,51874],{"class":165},"  # 0\n",[14,51876,51877],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[34,51879,51881],{"className":36,"code":51880,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51882,51883,51896,51900,51920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51884,51885,51888,51890,51892,51894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51886,51887],{"class":49},"user_name ",[43,51889,98],{"class":97},[43,51891,276],{"class":264},[43,51893,5619],{"class":268},[43,51895,3969],{"class":264},[43,51897,51898],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,51901,51902,51904,51906,51908,51911,51913,51916,51918],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,51903,7614],{"class":4491},[43,51905,39013],{"class":141},[43,51907,145],{"class":53},[43,51909,51910],{"class":148},"user_name",[43,51912,4272],{"class":53},[43,51914,51915],{"class":97}," >=",[43,51917,1530],{"class":104},[43,51919,7009],{"class":53},[43,51921,51922,51924,51926,51928,51931,51933],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,51923,8687],{"class":141},[43,51925,145],{"class":53},[43,51927,265],{"class":264},[43,51929,51930],{"class":268},"Name is long enough",[43,51932,265],{"class":264},[43,51934,346],{"class":53},[81,51936,51938],{"id":51937},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51940,51941,51942,51944],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51943,2448],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51946,51947],{},"Example with a list:",[34,51949,51951],{"className":36,"code":51950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51952,51953,51985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51954,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51956,13700],{"class":49},[43,51958,98],{"class":97},[43,51960,101],{"class":53},[43,51962,265],{"class":264},[43,51964,13717],{"class":268},[43,51966,265],{"class":264},[43,51968,108],{"class":53},[43,51970,276],{"class":264},[43,51972,18077],{"class":268},[43,51974,265],{"class":264},[43,51976,108],{"class":53},[43,51978,276],{"class":264},[43,51980,13734],{"class":268},[43,51982,265],{"class":264},[43,51984,68],{"class":53},[43,51986,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,51988,142],{"class":141},[43,51990,145],{"class":53},[43,51992,2370],{"class":141},[43,51994,145],{"class":53},[43,51996,18124],{"class":148},[43,51998,5977],{"class":53},[43,52000,51399],{"class":165},[14,52002,38544],{},[34,52004,52006],{"className":36,"code":52005,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,52007,52008,52025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52009,52010,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52011,52012],{"class":49},"point ",[43,52014,98],{"class":97},[43,52016,9855],{"class":53},[43,52018,105],{"class":104},[43,52020,108],{"class":53},[43,52022,111],{"class":104},[43,52024,346],{"class":53},[43,52026,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035,52038,52040],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52028,142],{"class":141},[43,52030,145],{"class":53},[43,52032,2370],{"class":141},[43,52034,145],{"class":53},[43,52036,52037],{"class":148},"point",[43,52039,5977],{"class":53},[43,52041,52042],{"class":165},"  # 2\n",[14,52044,52045],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[34,52047,52049],{"className":36,"code":52048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,52050,52051,52075,52079,52097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52052,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52054,8398],{"class":49},[43,52056,98],{"class":97},[43,52058,101],{"class":53},[43,52060,265],{"class":264},[43,52062,4694],{"class":268},[43,52064,265],{"class":264},[43,52066,108],{"class":53},[43,52068,276],{"class":264},[43,52070,4703],{"class":268},[43,52072,265],{"class":264},[43,52074,68],{"class":53},[43,52076,52077],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52078,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52080,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093,52095],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52082,7614],{"class":4491},[43,52084,39013],{"class":141},[43,52086,145],{"class":53},[43,52088,8427],{"class":148},[43,52090,4272],{"class":53},[43,52092,39023],{"class":97},[43,52094,6113],{"class":104},[43,52096,7009],{"class":53},[43,52098,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52100,8687],{"class":141},[43,52102,145],{"class":53},[43,52104,8427],{"class":148},[43,52106,54],{"class":53},[43,52108,154],{"class":104},[43,52110,162],{"class":53},[43,52112,52113],{"class":165},"  # banana\n",[14,52115,52116],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[34,52118,52120],{"className":36,"code":52119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,52121,52122,52145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52123,52124,52126,52128,52130,52133,52135,52138,52140,52143],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52125,5679],{"class":49},[43,52127,98],{"class":97},[43,52129,101],{"class":53},[43,52131,52132],{"class":104},"88",[43,52134,108],{"class":53},[43,52136,52137],{"class":104}," 91",[43,52139,108],{"class":53},[43,52141,52142],{"class":104}," 75",[43,52144,68],{"class":53},[43,52146,52147,52149,52151,52153,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52148,142],{"class":141},[43,52150,145],{"class":53},[43,52152,265],{"class":264},[43,52154,52155],{"class":268},"Number of scores:",[43,52157,265],{"class":264},[43,52159,108],{"class":53},[43,52161,39013],{"class":141},[43,52163,145],{"class":53},[43,52165,17011],{"class":148},[43,52167,2377],{"class":53},[14,52169,52170,52171,79],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[269,52172,52174],{"href":52173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[81,52176,52178],{"id":52177},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,52180,52181,52182,52184],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,52183,2448],{}," counts keys.",[34,52186,52188],{"className":36,"code":52187,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,52189,52190,52198,52216,52230,52246,52250,52254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52191,52192,52194,52196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52193,13488],{"class":49},[43,52195,98],{"class":97},[43,52197,12115],{"class":53},[43,52199,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212,52214],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52201,12120],{"class":264},[43,52203,8286],{"class":268},[43,52205,265],{"class":264},[43,52207,59],{"class":53},[43,52209,276],{"class":264},[43,52211,8539],{"class":268},[43,52213,265],{"class":264},[43,52215,12136],{"class":53},[43,52217,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52219,12120],{"class":264},[43,52221,9918],{"class":268},[43,52223,265],{"class":264},[43,52225,59],{"class":53},[43,52227,31569],{"class":104},[43,52229,12136],{"class":53},[43,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52233,12120],{"class":264},[43,52235,20513],{"class":268},[43,52237,265],{"class":264},[43,52239,59],{"class":53},[43,52241,276],{"class":264},[43,52243,22867],{"class":268},[43,52245,3969],{"class":264},[43,52247,52248],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,52249,9928],{"class":53},[43,52251,52252],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,52253,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52255,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,52257,142],{"class":141},[43,52259,145],{"class":53},[43,52261,2370],{"class":141},[43,52263,145],{"class":53},[43,52265,14251],{"class":148},[43,52267,5977],{"class":53},[43,52269,51399],{"class":165},[14,52271,52272,52273,52275],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,52274,2448],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,52277,52278,52279,52281],{},"For sets, ",[18,52280,2448],{}," counts unique items:",[34,52283,52285],{"className":36,"code":52284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,52286,52287,52315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52288,52289,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52290,94],{"class":49},[43,52292,98],{"class":97},[43,52294,11110],{"class":53},[43,52296,154],{"class":104},[43,52298,108],{"class":53},[43,52300,1525],{"class":104},[43,52302,108],{"class":53},[43,52304,1530],{"class":104},[43,52306,108],{"class":53},[43,52308,1530],{"class":104},[43,52310,108],{"class":53},[43,52312,1525],{"class":104},[43,52314,9928],{"class":53},[43,52316,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52318,142],{"class":141},[43,52320,145],{"class":53},[43,52322,2370],{"class":141},[43,52324,145],{"class":53},[43,52326,149],{"class":148},[43,52328,5977],{"class":53},[43,52330,51399],{"class":165},[14,52332,52333],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,52335,52336],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[34,52338,52340],{"className":36,"code":52339,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,52341,52342,52350,52354,52372],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52343,52344,52346,52348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52345,9784],{"class":49},[43,52347,98],{"class":97},[43,52349,10457],{"class":53},[43,52351,52352],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52353,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52355,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52357,7614],{"class":4491},[43,52359,39013],{"class":141},[43,52361,145],{"class":53},[43,52363,9823],{"class":148},[43,52365,4272],{"class":53},[43,52367,7024],{"class":97},[43,52369,4447],{"class":104},[43,52371,7009],{"class":53},[43,52373,52374,52376,52378,52380,52383,52385],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52375,8687],{"class":141},[43,52377,145],{"class":53},[43,52379,265],{"class":264},[43,52381,52382],{"class":268},"The dictionary is empty",[43,52384,265],{"class":264},[43,52386,346],{"class":53},[81,52388,41671],{"id":41670},[14,52390,52391,52392,79],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,52393,2448],{},[1499,52395,52397],{"id":52396},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[34,52399,52401],{"className":36,"code":52400,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,52402,52403,52411,52415,52433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52404,52405,52407,52409],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52406,8398],{"class":49},[43,52408,98],{"class":97},[43,52410,8456],{"class":53},[43,52412,52413],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52416,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52418,7614],{"class":4491},[43,52420,39013],{"class":141},[43,52422,145],{"class":53},[43,52424,8427],{"class":148},[43,52426,4272],{"class":53},[43,52428,7024],{"class":97},[43,52430,4447],{"class":104},[43,52432,7009],{"class":53},[43,52434,52435,52437,52439,52441,52444,52446],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52436,8687],{"class":141},[43,52438,145],{"class":53},[43,52440,265],{"class":264},[43,52442,52443],{"class":268},"The list is empty",[43,52445,265],{"class":264},[43,52447,346],{"class":53},[1499,52449,52451],{"id":52450},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[34,52453,52455],{"className":36,"code":52454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,52456,52457,52476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52458,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52472,52474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52460,6769],{"class":49},[43,52462,98],{"class":97},[43,52464,8861],{"class":141},[43,52466,145],{"class":53},[43,52468,265],{"class":264},[43,52470,52471],{"class":268},"Enter a word: ",[43,52473,265],{"class":264},[43,52475,346],{"class":53},[43,52477,52478,52480,52482,52484,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52479,142],{"class":141},[43,52481,145],{"class":53},[43,52483,265],{"class":264},[43,52485,52486],{"class":268},"Number of characters:",[43,52488,265],{"class":264},[43,52490,108],{"class":53},[43,52492,39013],{"class":141},[43,52494,145],{"class":53},[43,52496,39018],{"class":148},[43,52498,2377],{"class":53},[1499,52500,52502],{"id":52501},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[34,52504,52506],{"className":36,"code":52505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,52507,52508,52522,52526,52544,52559,52565],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52509,52510,52513,52515,52517,52520],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52511,52512],{"class":49},"password ",[43,52514,98],{"class":97},[43,52516,276],{"class":264},[43,52518,52519],{"class":268},"secret123",[43,52521,3969],{"class":264},[43,52523,52524],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52529,7614],{"class":4491},[43,52531,39013],{"class":141},[43,52533,145],{"class":53},[43,52535,18243],{"class":148},[43,52537,4272],{"class":53},[43,52539,51915],{"class":97},[43,52541,6975],{"class":104},[43,52543,7009],{"class":53},[43,52545,52546,52548,52550,52552,52555,52557],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52547,8687],{"class":141},[43,52549,145],{"class":53},[43,52551,265],{"class":264},[43,52553,52554],{"class":268},"Password length is valid",[43,52556,265],{"class":264},[43,52558,346],{"class":53},[43,52560,52561,52563],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,52562,28058],{"class":4491},[43,52564,7009],{"class":53},[43,52566,52567,52569,52571,52573,52576,52578],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,52568,8687],{"class":141},[43,52570,145],{"class":53},[43,52572,265],{"class":264},[43,52574,52575],{"class":268},"Password is too short",[43,52577,265],{"class":264},[43,52579,346],{"class":53},[1499,52581,52583],{"id":52582},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[34,52585,52587],{"className":36,"code":52586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,52588,52589,52625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52590,52591,52594,52596,52598,52600,52603,52605,52607,52609,52612,52614,52616,52618,52621,52623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52592,52593],{"class":49},"results ",[43,52595,98],{"class":97},[43,52597,101],{"class":53},[43,52599,265],{"class":264},[43,52601,52602],{"class":268},"item1",[43,52604,265],{"class":264},[43,52606,108],{"class":53},[43,52608,276],{"class":264},[43,52610,52611],{"class":268},"item2",[43,52613,265],{"class":264},[43,52615,108],{"class":53},[43,52617,276],{"class":264},[43,52619,52620],{"class":268},"item3",[43,52622,265],{"class":264},[43,52624,68],{"class":53},[43,52626,52627,52629,52631,52633,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52647],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52628,142],{"class":141},[43,52630,145],{"class":53},[43,52632,265],{"class":264},[43,52634,52635],{"class":268},"Items found:",[43,52637,265],{"class":264},[43,52639,108],{"class":53},[43,52641,39013],{"class":141},[43,52643,145],{"class":53},[43,52645,52646],{"class":148},"results",[43,52648,2377],{"class":53},[14,52650,52651],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[81,52653,52655],{"id":52654},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52657,52658,52660],{},[18,52659,2448],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52662,52663,52664,59],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52665,3614],{},[389,52667,52668,52671,52674],{},[392,52669,52670],{},"plain integers",[392,52672,52673],{},"floats",[392,52675,52676],{},[18,52677,4391],{},[14,52679,494],{},[34,52681,52683],{"className":36,"code":52682,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52684,52685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52686,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52688,142],{"class":141},[43,52690,145],{"class":53},[43,52692,2370],{"class":141},[43,52694,145],{"class":53},[43,52696,831],{"class":104},[43,52698,2377],{"class":53},[14,52700,52701,52702,52704],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52703,831],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52706,52707],{},"Another example:",[34,52709,52711],{"className":36,"code":52710,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52712,52713],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52716,142],{"class":141},[43,52718,145],{"class":53},[43,52720,2370],{"class":141},[43,52722,145],{"class":53},[43,52724,40770],{"class":104},[43,52726,2377],{"class":53},[14,52728,52729,52730,59],{},"And with ",[18,52731,4391],{},[34,52733,52735],{"className":36,"code":52734,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52736,52737,52745],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52738,52739,52741,52743],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52740,3054],{"class":49},[43,52742,98],{"class":97},[43,52744,49155],{"class":4466},[43,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52748,142],{"class":141},[43,52750,145],{"class":53},[43,52752,2370],{"class":141},[43,52754,145],{"class":53},[43,52756,3080],{"class":148},[43,52758,2377],{"class":53},[14,52760,52761,52762,79],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[269,52763,52765],{"href":52764},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[81,52767,52769],{"id":52768},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52771,52772,52773,52775],{},"Before using ",[18,52774,2448],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52777,52778],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[34,52780,52782],{"className":36,"code":52781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52783,52784,52792,52796,52806,52820,52838,52856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52785,52786,52788,52790],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52787,3054],{"class":49},[43,52789,98],{"class":97},[43,52791,49155],{"class":4466},[43,52793,52794],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52795,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52797,52798,52800,52802,52804],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52799,142],{"class":141},[43,52801,145],{"class":53},[43,52803,3080],{"class":148},[43,52805,346],{"class":53},[43,52807,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52809,142],{"class":141},[43,52811,145],{"class":53},[43,52813,3832],{"class":3510},[43,52815,145],{"class":53},[43,52817,3080],{"class":148},[43,52819,2377],{"class":53},[43,52821,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,52823,142],{"class":141},[43,52825,145],{"class":53},[43,52827,49503],{"class":141},[43,52829,145],{"class":53},[43,52831,3080],{"class":148},[43,52833,108],{"class":53},[43,52835,49532],{"class":3510},[43,52837,2377],{"class":53},[43,52839,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,52841,142],{"class":141},[43,52843,145],{"class":53},[43,52845,49503],{"class":141},[43,52847,145],{"class":53},[43,52849,3080],{"class":148},[43,52851,108],{"class":53},[43,52853,23182],{"class":3510},[43,52855,2377],{"class":53},[43,52857,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,52859,142],{"class":141},[43,52861,145],{"class":53},[43,52863,49503],{"class":141},[43,52865,145],{"class":53},[43,52867,3080],{"class":148},[43,52869,108],{"class":53},[43,52871,9789],{"class":3510},[43,52873,2377],{"class":53},[14,52875,52876],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52878,52879],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[34,52881,52883],{"className":36,"code":52882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52884,52885,52897,52901,52915],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52886,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52888,3054],{"class":49},[43,52890,98],{"class":97},[43,52892,276],{"class":264},[43,52894,4459],{"class":268},[43,52896,3969],{"class":264},[43,52898,52899],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,52900,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,52902,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,52904,7614],{"class":4491},[43,52906,22206],{"class":49},[43,52908,12817],{"class":97},[43,52910,8718],{"class":97},[43,52912,4467],{"class":4466},[43,52914,7009],{"class":53},[43,52916,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,52918,8687],{"class":141},[43,52920,145],{"class":53},[43,52922,2370],{"class":141},[43,52924,145],{"class":53},[43,52926,3080],{"class":148},[43,52928,2377],{"class":53},[14,52930,52931,52932,79],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[269,52933,9060],{"href":2906},[81,52935,3438],{"id":3437},[14,52937,23717,52938,59],{},[18,52939,2448],{},[389,52941,52942,52950,52958,52966,52972],{},[392,52943,2445,52944,52946,52947],{},[18,52945,2448],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52948,52949],{},"len(5)",[392,52951,2445,52952,52954,52955],{},[18,52953,2448],{}," on a float like ",[18,52956,52957],{},"len(3.14)",[392,52959,2445,52960,52962,52963,52965],{},[18,52961,2448],{}," on ",[18,52964,4391],{}," after a function returns nothing",[392,52967,5195,52968,52971],{},[18,52969,52970],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[392,52973,52974],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52976,52977],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[34,52979,52981],{"className":36,"code":52980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52982,52983,53019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52984,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52986,13829],{"class":49},[43,52988,98],{"class":97},[43,52990,11110],{"class":53},[43,52992,265],{"class":264},[43,52994,8286],{"class":268},[43,52996,265],{"class":264},[43,52998,59],{"class":53},[43,53000,276],{"class":264},[43,53002,13505],{"class":268},[43,53004,265],{"class":264},[43,53006,108],{"class":53},[43,53008,276],{"class":264},[43,53010,9918],{"class":268},[43,53012,265],{"class":264},[43,53014,59],{"class":53},[43,53016,111],{"class":104},[43,53018,9928],{"class":53},[43,53020,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53022,142],{"class":141},[43,53024,145],{"class":53},[43,53026,2370],{"class":141},[43,53028,145],{"class":53},[43,53030,17928],{"class":148},[43,53032,5977],{"class":53},[43,53034,52042],{"class":165},[14,53036,38222,53037,53039,53040,1233,53042,79],{},[18,53038,201],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,53041,15862],{},[18,53043,53044],{},"\"age\"",[14,53046,53047],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[34,53049,53051],{"className":36,"code":53050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,53052,53053,53066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53054,53055,53057,53059,53061,53064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53056,35316],{"class":49},[43,53058,98],{"class":97},[43,53060,276],{"class":264},[43,53062,53063],{"class":268},"a b",[43,53065,3969],{"class":264},[43,53067,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53069,142],{"class":141},[43,53071,145],{"class":53},[43,53073,2370],{"class":141},[43,53075,145],{"class":53},[43,53077,35337],{"class":148},[43,53079,5977],{"class":53},[43,53081,51399],{"class":165},[14,53083,53084],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[81,53086,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,53088,53090],{"id":53089},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,53092,53093],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1499,53095,53097],{"id":53096},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,53099,53100],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1499,53102,53104],{"id":53103},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,53106,53107],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1499,53109,53111],{"id":53110},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,53113,53114,53115,53117,53118,3486,53120,53122,53123,79],{},"No. Using ",[18,53116,2448],{}," on an ",[18,53119,2795],{},[18,53121,2798],{}," raises a ",[18,53124,3614],{},[1499,53126,53128],{"id":53127},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,53130,8381,53131,79],{},[18,53132,53133],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,53135,494],{},[34,53137,53139],{"className":36,"code":53138,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,53140,53141,53149,53153,53171],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53142,53143,53145,53147],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53144,8927],{"class":49},[43,53146,98],{"class":97},[43,53148,8456],{"class":53},[43,53150,53151],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53152,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53154,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53156,7614],{"class":4491},[43,53158,39013],{"class":141},[43,53160,145],{"class":53},[43,53162,50],{"class":148},[43,53164,4272],{"class":53},[43,53166,7024],{"class":97},[43,53168,4447],{"class":104},[43,53170,7009],{"class":53},[43,53172,53173,53175,53177,53179,53182,53184],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53174,8687],{"class":141},[43,53176,145],{"class":53},[43,53178,265],{"class":264},[43,53180,53181],{"class":268},"Empty list",[43,53183,265],{"class":264},[43,53185,346],{"class":53},[14,53187,53188,53189,53191,53192,53194,53195,53197],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,53190,4285],{}," in an ",[18,53193,7614],{}," statement, but ",[18,53196,2448],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[81,53199,2497],{"id":2496},[389,53201,53202,53206,53210,53214,53219,53223,53229],{},[392,53203,53204],{},[269,53205,51604],{"href":51603},[392,53207,53208],{},[269,53209,51607],{"href":418},[392,53211,53212],{},[269,53213,9774],{"href":9773},[392,53215,53216],{},[269,53217,53218],{"href":52173},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[392,53220,53221],{},[269,53222,9060],{"href":2906},[392,53224,53225],{},[269,53226,53228],{"href":53227},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[392,53230,53231],{},[269,53232,53233],{"href":52764},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2536,53235,53236],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":53238},[53239,53240,53241,53242,53243,53244,53245,53251,53252,53253,53254,53261],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":51407,"depth":131,"text":51408},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":51750,"depth":131,"text":51751},{"id":51937,"depth":131,"text":51938},{"id":52177,"depth":131,"text":52178},{"id":41670,"depth":131,"text":41671,"children":53246},[53247,53248,53249,53250],{"id":52396,"depth":138,"text":52397},{"id":52450,"depth":138,"text":52451},{"id":52501,"depth":138,"text":52502},{"id":52582,"depth":138,"text":52583},{"id":52654,"depth":131,"text":52655},{"id":52768,"depth":131,"text":52769},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":53255},[53256,53257,53258,53259,53260],{"id":53089,"depth":138,"text":53090},{"id":53096,"depth":138,"text":53097},{"id":53103,"depth":138,"text":53104},{"id":53110,"depth":138,"text":53111},{"id":53127,"depth":138,"text":53128},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51290,"description":53262},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53269,"title":53270,"body":53271,"description":54956,"extension":2572,"meta":54957,"navigation":134,"path":54958,"seo":54959,"stem":54960,"__hash__":54961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53272,"toc":54929},[53273,53276,53290,53296,53298,53352,53357,53361,53377,53380,53394,53400,53402,53405,53424,53440,53442,53518,53520,53557,53568,53570,53573,53634,53636,53669,53672,53678,53682,53685,53810,53812,53871,53879,53932,53934,53961,53967,53977,53981,53984,53989,54041,54043,54069,54075,54129,54131,54156,54159,54183,54189,54191,54195,54197,54254,54256,54264,54266,54288,54290,54343,54345,54369,54373,54375,54414,54416,54424,54430,54434,54486,54488,54514,54522,54526,54531,54540,54542,54608,54610,54642,54646,54651,54653,54667,54670,54743,54745,54771,54773,54777,54784,54788,54795,54799,54802,54804,54857,54859,54885,54889,54898,54900,54926],[10,53274,53270],{"id":53275},"python-list-append-method",[14,53277,1242,53278,53281,53282,53285,53286,53289],{},[18,53279,53280],{},"append()"," method adds ",[76,53283,53284],{},"one item"," to the ",[76,53287,53288],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,53291,53292,53293,53295],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[76,53294,1957],{}," create a new list.",[81,53297,4221],{"id":4220},[34,53299,53301],{"className":36,"code":53300,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53302,53303,53323,53337,53347],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53304,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53306,94],{"class":49},[43,53308,98],{"class":97},[43,53310,101],{"class":53},[43,53312,154],{"class":104},[43,53314,108],{"class":53},[43,53316,1525],{"class":104},[43,53318,108],{"class":53},[43,53320,1530],{"class":104},[43,53322,68],{"class":53},[43,53324,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53326,149],{"class":49},[43,53328,79],{"class":53},[43,53330,14178],{"class":148},[43,53332,145],{"class":53},[43,53334,159],{"class":104},[43,53336,346],{"class":53},[43,53338,53339,53341,53343,53345],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53340,142],{"class":141},[43,53342,145],{"class":53},[43,53344,149],{"class":148},[43,53346,346],{"class":53},[43,53348,53349],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53350,53351],{"class":165},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,53353,230,53354,53356],{},[18,53355,53280],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[81,53358,53360],{"id":53359},"what-append-does","What append() does",[389,53362,53363,53368,53371,53374],{},[392,53364,53365,53367],{},[18,53366,53280],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[392,53369,53370],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[392,53372,53373],{},"It does not create a new list",[392,53375,53376],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,53378,53379],{},"This means you can append:",[389,53381,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392],{},[392,53383,149],{},[392,53385,5924],{},[392,53387,41221],{},[392,53389,5915],{},[392,53391,7868],{},[392,53393,35290],{},[14,53395,53396,53397,79],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[269,53398,53399],{"href":418},"Python lists explained for beginners",[81,53401,6047],{"id":6046},[14,53403,53404],{},"Basic form:",[34,53406,53408],{"className":36,"code":53407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,53409,53410],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53411,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53413,50],{"class":49},[43,53415,79],{"class":53},[43,53417,14178],{"class":148},[43,53419,145],{"class":53},[43,53421,23933],{"class":148},[43,53423,346],{"class":53},[389,53425,53426,53431,53436],{},[392,53427,53428,53430],{},[18,53429,50],{}," is the list you want to change",[392,53432,53433,53435],{},[18,53434,23933],{}," is the value or object to add",[392,53437,12534,53438],{},[18,53439,4391],{},[14,53441,494],{},[34,53443,53445],{"className":36,"code":53444,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,53446,53447,53471,53494,53498,53508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53448,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53450,36867],{"class":49},[43,53452,98],{"class":97},[43,53454,101],{"class":53},[43,53456,265],{"class":264},[43,53458,4694],{"class":268},[43,53460,265],{"class":264},[43,53462,108],{"class":53},[43,53464,276],{"class":264},[43,53466,4703],{"class":268},[43,53468,265],{"class":264},[43,53470,68],{"class":53},[43,53472,53473,53475,53477,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53474,2836],{"class":49},[43,53476,98],{"class":97},[43,53478,53479],{"class":49}," fruits",[43,53481,79],{"class":53},[43,53483,14178],{"class":148},[43,53485,145],{"class":53},[43,53487,265],{"class":264},[43,53489,33848],{"class":268},[43,53491,265],{"class":264},[43,53493,346],{"class":53},[43,53495,53496],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53497,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53499,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53501,142],{"class":141},[43,53503,145],{"class":53},[43,53505,36919],{"class":148},[43,53507,346],{"class":53},[43,53509,53510,53512,53514,53516],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,53511,142],{"class":141},[43,53513,145],{"class":53},[43,53515,2871],{"class":148},[43,53517,346],{"class":53},[14,53519,349],{},[34,53521,53523],{"className":36,"code":53522,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,53524,53525,53553],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53526,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53528,54],{"class":53},[43,53530,361],{"class":264},[43,53532,4694],{"class":268},[43,53534,361],{"class":264},[43,53536,108],{"class":53},[43,53538,370],{"class":264},[43,53540,4703],{"class":268},[43,53542,361],{"class":264},[43,53544,108],{"class":53},[43,53546,370],{"class":264},[43,53548,33848],{"class":268},[43,53550,361],{"class":264},[43,53552,68],{"class":53},[43,53554,53555],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53556,12431],{"class":4466},[14,53558,53559,53560,53562,53563,53565,53566,79],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,53561,53280],{}," updates ",[18,53564,36919],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,53567,4391],{},[81,53569,12097],{"id":12096},[14,53571,53572],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[34,53574,53576],{"className":36,"code":53575,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,53577,53578,53602,53620,53624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53581,13700],{"class":49},[43,53583,98],{"class":97},[43,53585,101],{"class":53},[43,53587,265],{"class":264},[43,53589,13717],{"class":268},[43,53591,265],{"class":264},[43,53593,108],{"class":53},[43,53595,276],{"class":264},[43,53597,13734],{"class":268},[43,53599,265],{"class":264},[43,53601,68],{"class":53},[43,53603,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53605,18124],{"class":49},[43,53607,79],{"class":53},[43,53609,14178],{"class":148},[43,53611,145],{"class":53},[43,53613,265],{"class":264},[43,53615,18077],{"class":268},[43,53617,265],{"class":264},[43,53619,346],{"class":53},[43,53621,53622],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53625,53626,53628,53630,53632],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53627,142],{"class":141},[43,53629,145],{"class":53},[43,53631,18124],{"class":148},[43,53633,346],{"class":53},[14,53635,349],{},[34,53637,53639],{"className":36,"code":53638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,53640,53641],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53642,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53644,54],{"class":53},[43,53646,361],{"class":264},[43,53648,13717],{"class":268},[43,53650,361],{"class":264},[43,53652,108],{"class":53},[43,53654,370],{"class":264},[43,53656,13734],{"class":268},[43,53658,361],{"class":264},[43,53660,108],{"class":53},[43,53662,370],{"class":264},[43,53664,18077],{"class":268},[43,53666,361],{"class":264},[43,53668,68],{"class":53},[14,53670,53671],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53673,31709,53674,79],{},[269,53675,53677],{"href":53676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[81,53679,53681],{"id":53680},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53683,53684],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[34,53686,53688],{"className":36,"code":53687,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53689,53690,53698,53702,53716,53734,53748,53774,53796,53800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53691,53692,53694,53696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53693,8398],{"class":49},[43,53695,98],{"class":97},[43,53697,8456],{"class":53},[43,53699,53700],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53703,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53705,8427],{"class":49},[43,53707,79],{"class":53},[43,53709,14178],{"class":148},[43,53711,145],{"class":53},[43,53713,105],{"class":104},[43,53715,346],{"class":53},[43,53717,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53719,8427],{"class":49},[43,53721,79],{"class":53},[43,53723,14178],{"class":148},[43,53725,145],{"class":53},[43,53727,265],{"class":264},[43,53729,4459],{"class":268},[43,53731,265],{"class":264},[43,53733,346],{"class":53},[43,53735,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,53737,8427],{"class":49},[43,53739,79],{"class":53},[43,53741,14178],{"class":148},[43,53743,145],{"class":53},[43,53745,4216],{"class":4466},[43,53747,346],{"class":53},[43,53749,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,53751,8427],{"class":49},[43,53753,79],{"class":53},[43,53755,14178],{"class":148},[43,53757,6145],{"class":53},[43,53759,265],{"class":264},[43,53761,8286],{"class":268},[43,53763,265],{"class":264},[43,53765,59],{"class":53},[43,53767,276],{"class":264},[43,53769,8295],{"class":268},[43,53771,265],{"class":264},[43,53773,31122],{"class":53},[43,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,53777,8427],{"class":49},[43,53779,79],{"class":53},[43,53781,14178],{"class":148},[43,53783,3595],{"class":53},[43,53785,154],{"class":104},[43,53787,108],{"class":53},[43,53789,1525],{"class":104},[43,53791,108],{"class":53},[43,53793,1530],{"class":104},[43,53795,1547],{"class":53},[43,53797,53798],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,53799,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53801,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,53803,142],{"class":141},[43,53805,145],{"class":53},[43,53807,8427],{"class":148},[43,53809,346],{"class":53},[14,53811,349],{},[34,53813,53815],{"className":36,"code":53814,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53816,53817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53818,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53820,54],{"class":53},[43,53822,105],{"class":104},[43,53824,108],{"class":53},[43,53826,370],{"class":264},[43,53828,4459],{"class":268},[43,53830,361],{"class":264},[43,53832,108],{"class":53},[43,53834,4530],{"class":4466},[43,53836,108],{"class":53},[43,53838,11110],{"class":53},[43,53840,361],{"class":264},[43,53842,8286],{"class":268},[43,53844,361],{"class":264},[43,53846,59],{"class":53},[43,53848,370],{"class":264},[43,53850,8295],{"class":268},[43,53852,361],{"class":264},[43,53854,53855],{"class":53},"},",[43,53857,101],{"class":53},[43,53859,154],{"class":104},[43,53861,108],{"class":53},[43,53863,1525],{"class":104},[43,53865,108],{"class":53},[43,53867,1530],{"class":104},[43,53869,53870],{"class":53},"]]\n",[14,53872,53873,53874,42781,53876,79],{},"A list added with ",[18,53875,53280],{},[76,53877,53878],{},"one single item",[34,53880,53882],{"className":36,"code":53881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53883,53884,53900,53918,53922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53885,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53887,94],{"class":49},[43,53889,98],{"class":97},[43,53891,101],{"class":53},[43,53893,154],{"class":104},[43,53895,108],{"class":53},[43,53897,1525],{"class":104},[43,53899,68],{"class":53},[43,53901,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,53903,149],{"class":49},[43,53905,79],{"class":53},[43,53907,14178],{"class":148},[43,53909,3595],{"class":53},[43,53911,181],{"class":104},[43,53913,108],{"class":53},[43,53915,3064],{"class":104},[43,53917,1547],{"class":53},[43,53919,53920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,53921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,53923,53924,53926,53928,53930],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,53925,142],{"class":141},[43,53927,145],{"class":53},[43,53929,149],{"class":148},[43,53931,346],{"class":53},[14,53933,349],{},[34,53935,53937],{"className":36,"code":53936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53938,53939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53940,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53942,54],{"class":53},[43,53944,154],{"class":104},[43,53946,108],{"class":53},[43,53948,1525],{"class":104},[43,53950,108],{"class":53},[43,53952,101],{"class":53},[43,53954,181],{"class":104},[43,53956,108],{"class":53},[43,53958,3064],{"class":104},[43,53960,53870],{"class":53},[14,53962,2893,53963,53966],{},[18,53964,53965],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53968,53969,53970,53976],{},"This is different from ",[269,53971,53973],{"href":53972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53974,53975],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[81,53978,53980],{"id":53979},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53982,53983],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1499,53985,2445,53987],{"id":53986},"using-append",[18,53988,53280],{},[34,53990,53991],{"className":36,"code":53881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53992,53993,54009,54027,54031],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53994,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53996,94],{"class":49},[43,53998,98],{"class":97},[43,54000,101],{"class":53},[43,54002,154],{"class":104},[43,54004,108],{"class":53},[43,54006,1525],{"class":104},[43,54008,68],{"class":53},[43,54010,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54012,149],{"class":49},[43,54014,79],{"class":53},[43,54016,14178],{"class":148},[43,54018,3595],{"class":53},[43,54020,181],{"class":104},[43,54022,108],{"class":53},[43,54024,3064],{"class":104},[43,54026,1547],{"class":53},[43,54028,54029],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54030,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54032,54033,54035,54037,54039],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54034,142],{"class":141},[43,54036,145],{"class":53},[43,54038,149],{"class":148},[43,54040,346],{"class":53},[14,54042,349],{},[34,54044,54045],{"className":36,"code":53936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54046,54047],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54048,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54050,54],{"class":53},[43,54052,154],{"class":104},[43,54054,108],{"class":53},[43,54056,1525],{"class":104},[43,54058,108],{"class":53},[43,54060,101],{"class":53},[43,54062,181],{"class":104},[43,54064,108],{"class":53},[43,54066,3064],{"class":104},[43,54068,53870],{"class":53},[1499,54070,2445,54072],{"id":54071},"using-extend",[18,54073,54074],{},"extend()",[34,54076,54078],{"className":36,"code":54077,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54079,54080,54096,54115,54119],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54083,94],{"class":49},[43,54085,98],{"class":97},[43,54087,101],{"class":53},[43,54089,154],{"class":104},[43,54091,108],{"class":53},[43,54093,1525],{"class":104},[43,54095,68],{"class":53},[43,54097,54098,54100,54102,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54099,149],{"class":49},[43,54101,79],{"class":53},[43,54103,54104],{"class":148},"extend",[43,54106,3595],{"class":53},[43,54108,181],{"class":104},[43,54110,108],{"class":53},[43,54112,3064],{"class":104},[43,54114,1547],{"class":53},[43,54116,54117],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54118,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54120,54121,54123,54125,54127],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54122,142],{"class":141},[43,54124,145],{"class":53},[43,54126,149],{"class":148},[43,54128,346],{"class":53},[14,54130,349],{},[34,54132,54134],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,54135,54136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54137,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54139,54],{"class":53},[43,54141,154],{"class":104},[43,54143,108],{"class":53},[43,54145,1525],{"class":104},[43,54147,108],{"class":53},[43,54149,1530],{"class":104},[43,54151,108],{"class":53},[43,54153,3064],{"class":104},[43,54155,68],{"class":53},[14,54157,54158],{},"The difference:",[389,54160,54161,54167,54173,54178],{},[392,54162,54163,54166],{},[18,54164,54165],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[392,54168,54169,54172],{},[18,54170,54171],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[392,54174,230,54175,54177],{},[18,54176,53280],{}," for one item",[392,54179,230,54180,54182],{},[18,54181,54074],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,54184,54185,54186,79],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[269,54187,54188],{"href":53972},"Python list extend() method",[81,54190,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,54192,54194],{"id":54193},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,54196,26314],{},[34,54198,54200],{"className":36,"code":54199,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,54201,54202,54222,54240,54244],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54205,8398],{"class":49},[43,54207,98],{"class":97},[43,54209,101],{"class":53},[43,54211,154],{"class":104},[43,54213,108],{"class":53},[43,54215,1525],{"class":104},[43,54217,108],{"class":53},[43,54219,1530],{"class":104},[43,54221,68],{"class":53},[43,54223,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54225,8398],{"class":49},[43,54227,98],{"class":97},[43,54229,704],{"class":49},[43,54231,79],{"class":53},[43,54233,14178],{"class":148},[43,54235,145],{"class":53},[43,54237,159],{"class":104},[43,54239,346],{"class":53},[43,54241,54242],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54245,54246,54248,54250,54252],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54247,142],{"class":141},[43,54249,145],{"class":53},[43,54251,8427],{"class":148},[43,54253,346],{"class":53},[14,54255,349],{},[34,54257,54258],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54259,54260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54261,54262],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54263,12431],{"class":4466},[14,54265,12523],{},[389,54267,54268,54273,54279],{},[392,54269,54270,54272],{},[18,54271,53280],{}," changes the list in place",[392,54274,54275,3004,54277],{},[18,54276,53280],{},[18,54278,4391],{},[392,54280,54281,54282,54285,54286],{},"So ",[18,54283,54284],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,54287,4391],{},[14,54289,11428],{},[34,54291,54293],{"className":36,"code":54292,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,54294,54295,54315,54329,54333],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54296,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54298,8398],{"class":49},[43,54300,98],{"class":97},[43,54302,101],{"class":53},[43,54304,154],{"class":104},[43,54306,108],{"class":53},[43,54308,1525],{"class":104},[43,54310,108],{"class":53},[43,54312,1530],{"class":104},[43,54314,68],{"class":53},[43,54316,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54318,8427],{"class":49},[43,54320,79],{"class":53},[43,54322,14178],{"class":148},[43,54324,145],{"class":53},[43,54326,159],{"class":104},[43,54328,346],{"class":53},[43,54330,54331],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54332,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54334,54335,54337,54339,54341],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54336,142],{"class":141},[43,54338,145],{"class":53},[43,54340,8427],{"class":148},[43,54342,346],{"class":53},[14,54344,349],{},[34,54346,54347],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54348,54349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54350,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54352,54],{"class":53},[43,54354,154],{"class":104},[43,54356,108],{"class":53},[43,54358,1525],{"class":104},[43,54360,108],{"class":53},[43,54362,1530],{"class":104},[43,54364,108],{"class":53},[43,54366,3064],{"class":104},[43,54368,68],{"class":53},[1499,54370,54372],{"id":54371},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,54374,19535],{},[34,54376,54378],{"className":36,"code":54377,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,54379,54380,54404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54381,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54383,32509],{"class":49},[43,54385,98],{"class":97},[43,54387,101],{"class":53},[43,54389,154],{"class":104},[43,54391,108],{"class":53},[43,54393,1525],{"class":104},[43,54395,14175],{"class":53},[43,54397,14178],{"class":148},[43,54399,145],{"class":53},[43,54401,181],{"class":104},[43,54403,346],{"class":53},[43,54405,54406,54408,54410,54412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54407,142],{"class":141},[43,54409,145],{"class":53},[43,54411,32528],{"class":148},[43,54413,346],{"class":53},[14,54415,349],{},[34,54417,54418],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54419,54420],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54421,54422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54423,12431],{"class":4466},[14,54425,54426,54427,54429],{},"Remember: ",[18,54428,53280],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1499,54431,54433],{"id":54432},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[34,54435,54436],{"className":36,"code":53881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54437,54438,54454,54472,54476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54439,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54441,94],{"class":49},[43,54443,98],{"class":97},[43,54445,101],{"class":53},[43,54447,154],{"class":104},[43,54449,108],{"class":53},[43,54451,1525],{"class":104},[43,54453,68],{"class":53},[43,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54457,149],{"class":49},[43,54459,79],{"class":53},[43,54461,14178],{"class":148},[43,54463,3595],{"class":53},[43,54465,181],{"class":104},[43,54467,108],{"class":53},[43,54469,3064],{"class":104},[43,54471,1547],{"class":53},[43,54473,54474],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54475,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54477,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54479,142],{"class":141},[43,54481,145],{"class":53},[43,54483,149],{"class":148},[43,54485,346],{"class":53},[14,54487,349],{},[34,54489,54490],{"className":36,"code":53936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54491,54492],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54493,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54495,54],{"class":53},[43,54497,154],{"class":104},[43,54499,108],{"class":53},[43,54501,1525],{"class":104},[43,54503,108],{"class":53},[43,54505,101],{"class":53},[43,54507,181],{"class":104},[43,54509,108],{"class":53},[43,54511,3064],{"class":104},[43,54513,53870],{"class":53},[14,54515,3779,54516,54519,54520,7247],{},[18,54517,54518],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,54521,54074],{},[1499,54523,54525],{"id":54524},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54527,54528,54530],{},[18,54529,53280],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54532,54533,54534,79],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[269,54535,54537],{"href":54536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,54538,54539],{},"list.insert()",[14,54541,494],{},[34,54543,54545],{"className":36,"code":54544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,54546,54547,54571,54594,54598],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54550,257],{"class":49},[43,54552,98],{"class":97},[43,54554,101],{"class":53},[43,54556,265],{"class":264},[43,54558,269],{"class":268},[43,54560,265],{"class":264},[43,54562,108],{"class":53},[43,54564,276],{"class":264},[43,54566,288],{"class":268},[43,54568,265],{"class":264},[43,54570,68],{"class":53},[43,54572,54573,54575,54577,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54574,1079],{"class":49},[43,54576,79],{"class":53},[43,54578,54579],{"class":148},"insert",[43,54581,145],{"class":53},[43,54583,154],{"class":104},[43,54585,108],{"class":53},[43,54587,276],{"class":264},[43,54589,279],{"class":268},[43,54591,265],{"class":264},[43,54593,346],{"class":53},[43,54595,54596],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54597,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54599,54600,54602,54604,54606],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54601,142],{"class":141},[43,54603,145],{"class":53},[43,54605,1079],{"class":148},[43,54607,346],{"class":53},[14,54609,349],{},[34,54611,54612],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54613,54614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54615,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54617,54],{"class":53},[43,54619,361],{"class":264},[43,54621,269],{"class":268},[43,54623,361],{"class":264},[43,54625,108],{"class":53},[43,54627,370],{"class":264},[43,54629,279],{"class":268},[43,54631,361],{"class":264},[43,54633,108],{"class":53},[43,54635,370],{"class":264},[43,54637,288],{"class":268},[43,54639,361],{"class":264},[43,54641,68],{"class":53},[81,54643,54645],{"id":54644},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54647,54648,54650],{},[18,54649,53280],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54652,37054],{},[389,54654,54655,54658,54661,54664],{},[392,54656,54657],{},"building a list in a loop",[392,54659,54660],{},"collecting user input",[392,54662,54663],{},"storing results step by step",[392,54665,54666],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54668,54669],{},"Example with a loop:",[34,54671,54673],{"className":36,"code":54672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54674,54675,54684,54688,54709,54728,54732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54676,54677,54680,54682],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54678,54679],{"class":49},"squares ",[43,54681,98],{"class":97},[43,54683,8456],{"class":53},[43,54685,54686],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54687,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54691,6574],{"class":4491},[43,54693,7002],{"class":49},[43,54695,4498],{"class":4491},[43,54697,54698],{"class":141}," range",[43,54700,145],{"class":53},[43,54702,154],{"class":104},[43,54704,108],{"class":53},[43,54706,5221],{"class":104},[43,54708,8960],{"class":53},[43,54710,54711,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724,54726],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54712,54713],{"class":49},"    squares",[43,54715,79],{"class":53},[43,54717,14178],{"class":148},[43,54719,145],{"class":53},[43,54721,2823],{"class":148},[43,54723,40500],{"class":97},[43,54725,2803],{"class":148},[43,54727,346],{"class":53},[43,54729,54730],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,54731,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54733,54734,54736,54738,54741],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,54735,142],{"class":141},[43,54737,145],{"class":53},[43,54739,54740],{"class":148},"squares",[43,54742,346],{"class":53},[14,54744,349],{},[34,54746,54748],{"className":36,"code":54747,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54749,54750],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54751,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54765,54767,54769],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54753,54],{"class":53},[43,54755,154],{"class":104},[43,54757,108],{"class":53},[43,54759,3064],{"class":104},[43,54761,108],{"class":53},[43,54763,54764],{"class":104}," 9",[43,54766,108],{"class":53},[43,54768,14612],{"class":104},[43,54770,68],{"class":53},[81,54772,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,54774,54776],{"id":54775},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54778,46992,54779,54781,54782,79],{},[18,54780,53280],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54783,4391],{},[1499,54785,54787],{"id":54786},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54789,54790,54791,79],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[269,54792,54793],{"href":53972},[18,54794,54074],{},[1499,54796,54798],{"id":54797},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54800,54801],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54803,494],{},[34,54805,54807],{"className":36,"code":54806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54808,54809,54825,54843,54847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54810,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54812,9784],{"class":49},[43,54814,98],{"class":97},[43,54816,101],{"class":53},[43,54818,154],{"class":104},[43,54820,108],{"class":53},[43,54822,1525],{"class":104},[43,54824,68],{"class":53},[43,54826,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,54828,9823],{"class":49},[43,54830,79],{"class":53},[43,54832,14178],{"class":148},[43,54834,3595],{"class":53},[43,54836,181],{"class":104},[43,54838,108],{"class":53},[43,54840,3064],{"class":104},[43,54842,1547],{"class":53},[43,54844,54845],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,54846,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,54848,54849,54851,54853,54855],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,54850,142],{"class":141},[43,54852,145],{"class":53},[43,54854,9823],{"class":148},[43,54856,346],{"class":53},[14,54858,349],{},[34,54860,54861],{"className":36,"code":53936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54862,54863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877,54879,54881,54883],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54866,54],{"class":53},[43,54868,154],{"class":104},[43,54870,108],{"class":53},[43,54872,1525],{"class":104},[43,54874,108],{"class":53},[43,54876,101],{"class":53},[43,54878,181],{"class":104},[43,54880,108],{"class":53},[43,54882,3064],{"class":104},[43,54884,53870],{"class":53},[1499,54886,54888],{"id":54887},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54890,54891,54893,54894,54897],{},[18,54892,53280],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54895,54896],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[81,54899,2497],{"id":2496},[389,54901,54902,54907,54911,54916,54920],{},[392,54903,54904],{},[269,54905,54906],{"href":53676},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[392,54908,54909],{},[269,54910,54188],{"href":53972},[392,54912,54913],{},[269,54914,54915],{"href":54536},"Python list insert() method",[392,54917,54918],{},[269,54919,53399],{"href":418},[392,54921,54922],{},[269,54923,54925],{"href":54924},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2536,54927,54928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":54930},[54931,54932,54933,54934,54935,54936,54942,54948,54949,54955],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":53359,"depth":131,"text":53360},{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":53680,"depth":131,"text":53681},{"id":53979,"depth":131,"text":53980,"children":54937},[54938,54940],{"id":53986,"depth":138,"text":54939},"Using append()",{"id":54071,"depth":138,"text":54941},"Using extend()",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":54943},[54944,54945,54946,54947],{"id":54193,"depth":138,"text":54194},{"id":54371,"depth":138,"text":54372},{"id":54432,"depth":138,"text":54433},{"id":54524,"depth":138,"text":54525},{"id":54644,"depth":131,"text":54645},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":54950},[54951,54952,54953,54954],{"id":54775,"depth":138,"text":54776},{"id":54786,"depth":138,"text":54787},{"id":54797,"depth":138,"text":54798},{"id":54887,"depth":138,"text":54888},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53270,"description":54956},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54963,"title":54964,"body":54965,"description":56209,"extension":2572,"meta":56210,"navigation":134,"path":56211,"seo":56212,"stem":56213,"__hash__":56214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54966,"toc":56174},[54967,54973,54979,54985,54987,55035,55040,55045,55049,55065,55071,55073,55076,55091,55093,55104,55106,55108,55165,55167,55175,55177,55193,55199,55201,55207,55211,55295,55298,55347,55354,55362,55365,55379,55392,55398,55473,55480,55487,55561,55569,55572,55583,55592,55596,55600,55611,55613,55690,55711,55713,55723,55726,55774,55776,55797,55800,55802,55853,55859,55866,55933,55939,55945,55948,55975,55980,55986,55989,56061,56064,56075,56081,56083,56089,56092,56098,56104,56111,56119,56125,56131,56133,56171],[10,54968,54970,54971,11943],{"id":54969},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54972,11942],{},[14,54974,54975,54978],{},[18,54976,54977],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54980,54981,54982,54984],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[76,54983,11955],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[81,54986,4221],{"id":4220},[34,54988,54990],{"className":36,"code":54989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54991,54992,55012,55022],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54993,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54995,8398],{"class":49},[43,54997,98],{"class":97},[43,54999,101],{"class":53},[43,55001,154],{"class":104},[43,55003,108],{"class":53},[43,55005,1525],{"class":104},[43,55007,108],{"class":53},[43,55009,1530],{"class":104},[43,55011,68],{"class":53},[43,55013,55014,55016,55018,55020],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55015,8427],{"class":49},[43,55017,79],{"class":53},[43,55019,12004],{"class":148},[43,55021,9262],{"class":53},[43,55023,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55025,142],{"class":141},[43,55027,145],{"class":53},[43,55029,8427],{"class":148},[43,55031,4272],{"class":53},[43,55033,55034],{"class":165},"  # []\n",[14,55036,230,55037,55039],{},[18,55038,11942],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[81,55041,4289,55043,4292],{"id":55042},"what-listclear-does",[18,55044,54977],{},[14,55046,55047,59],{},[18,55048,54977],{},[389,55050,55051,55054,55057,55062],{},[392,55052,55053],{},"Removes every item from a list",[392,55055,55056],{},"Changes the original list in place",[392,55058,55059,55060],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,55061,4400],{},[392,55063,55064],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,55066,55067,55068,55070],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,55069,11942],{},", but it contains no values.",[81,55072,2763],{"id":2762},[14,55074,55075],{},"Syntax:",[34,55077,55079],{"className":36,"code":55078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,55080,55081],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55082,55083,55085,55087,55089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55084,50],{"class":49},[43,55086,79],{"class":53},[43,55088,12004],{"class":148},[43,55090,9262],{"class":53},[14,55092,12080],{},[389,55094,55095,55098,55101],{},[392,55096,55097],{},"Call it on a list object",[392,55099,55100],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[392,55102,55103],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[81,55105,12097],{"id":12096},[14,55107,12100],{},[34,55109,55111],{"className":36,"code":55110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,55112,55113,55137,55141,55151,55155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55114,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129,55131,55133,55135],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55116,94],{"class":49},[43,55118,98],{"class":97},[43,55120,101],{"class":53},[43,55122,105],{"class":104},[43,55124,108],{"class":53},[43,55126,111],{"class":104},[43,55128,108],{"class":53},[43,55130,116],{"class":104},[43,55132,108],{"class":53},[43,55134,121],{"class":104},[43,55136,68],{"class":53},[43,55138,55139],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55140,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55142,55143,55145,55147,55149],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55144,149],{"class":49},[43,55146,79],{"class":53},[43,55148,12004],{"class":148},[43,55150,9262],{"class":53},[43,55152,55153],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55154,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55156,55157,55159,55161,55163],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55158,142],{"class":141},[43,55160,145],{"class":53},[43,55162,149],{"class":148},[43,55164,346],{"class":53},[14,55166,349],{},[34,55168,55169],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,55170,55171],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55172,55173],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55174,1778],{"class":53},[14,55176,12306],{},[389,55178,55179,55184,55190],{},[392,55180,55181,55183],{},[18,55182,149],{}," starts with four items",[392,55185,55186,55189],{},[18,55187,55188],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[392,55191,55192],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,55194,55195,55196,79],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[269,55197,53399],{"href":55198},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[81,55200,18040],{"id":18039},[14,55202,55203,3004,55205,79],{},[18,55204,11942],{},[18,55206,4391],{},[14,55208,1954,55209,53295],{},[76,55210,1957],{},[34,55212,55214],{"className":36,"code":55213,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,55215,55216,55248,55252,55266,55270,55283],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55217,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234,55236,55238,55240,55242,55244,55246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55219,8398],{"class":49},[43,55221,98],{"class":97},[43,55223,101],{"class":53},[43,55225,265],{"class":264},[43,55227,269],{"class":268},[43,55229,265],{"class":264},[43,55231,108],{"class":53},[43,55233,276],{"class":264},[43,55235,279],{"class":268},[43,55237,265],{"class":264},[43,55239,108],{"class":53},[43,55241,276],{"class":264},[43,55243,288],{"class":268},[43,55245,265],{"class":264},[43,55247,68],{"class":53},[43,55249,55250],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55251,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55253,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262,55264],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55255,2836],{"class":49},[43,55257,98],{"class":97},[43,55259,704],{"class":49},[43,55261,79],{"class":53},[43,55263,12004],{"class":148},[43,55265,9262],{"class":53},[43,55267,55268],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55269,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55271,55272,55274,55276,55278,55280],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55273,142],{"class":141},[43,55275,145],{"class":53},[43,55277,8427],{"class":148},[43,55279,4272],{"class":53},[43,55281,55282],{"class":165},"   # []\n",[43,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,55286,142],{"class":141},[43,55288,145],{"class":53},[43,55290,2871],{"class":148},[43,55292,4272],{"class":53},[43,55294,21497],{"class":165},[14,55296,55297],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[34,55299,55301],{"className":36,"code":55300,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,55302,55303,55323,55337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55304,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319,55321],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55306,8398],{"class":49},[43,55308,98],{"class":97},[43,55310,101],{"class":53},[43,55312,154],{"class":104},[43,55314,108],{"class":53},[43,55316,1525],{"class":104},[43,55318,108],{"class":53},[43,55320,1530],{"class":104},[43,55322,68],{"class":53},[43,55324,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55326,8398],{"class":49},[43,55328,98],{"class":97},[43,55330,704],{"class":49},[43,55332,79],{"class":53},[43,55334,12004],{"class":148},[43,55336,9262],{"class":53},[43,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55340,142],{"class":141},[43,55342,145],{"class":53},[43,55344,8427],{"class":148},[43,55346,346],{"class":53},[14,55348,12539,55349,42781,55351,55353],{},[18,55350,8427],{},[18,55352,4391],{},", not an empty list.",[81,55355,55357,55359,55360],{"id":55356},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,55358,11942],{}," vs assigning ",[18,55361,4400],{},[14,55363,55364],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[34,55366,55367],{"className":36,"code":55078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,55368,55369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55370,55371,55373,55375,55377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55372,50],{"class":49},[43,55374,79],{"class":53},[43,55376,12004],{"class":148},[43,55378,9262],{"class":53},[34,55380,55382],{"className":36,"code":55381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n",[18,55383,55384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55385,55386,55388,55390],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55387,8927],{"class":49},[43,55389,98],{"class":97},[43,55391,8456],{"class":53},[1499,55393,55395,55397],{"id":55394},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,55396,11942],{}," empties the same list object",[34,55399,55401],{"className":36,"code":55400,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,55402,55403,55423,55431,55435,55445,55449,55461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55404,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55406,3161],{"class":49},[43,55408,98],{"class":97},[43,55410,101],{"class":53},[43,55412,154],{"class":104},[43,55414,108],{"class":53},[43,55416,1525],{"class":104},[43,55418,108],{"class":53},[43,55420,1530],{"class":104},[43,55422,68],{"class":53},[43,55424,55425,55427,55429],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55426,3189],{"class":49},[43,55428,98],{"class":97},[43,55430,36803],{"class":49},[43,55432,55433],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55434,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55436,55437,55439,55441,55443],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55438,269],{"class":49},[43,55440,79],{"class":53},[43,55442,12004],{"class":148},[43,55444,9262],{"class":53},[43,55446,55447],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55448,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55450,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,55452,142],{"class":141},[43,55454,145],{"class":53},[43,55456,269],{"class":148},[43,55458,4272],{"class":53},[43,55460,55034],{"class":165},[43,55462,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,55464,142],{"class":141},[43,55466,145],{"class":53},[43,55468,279],{"class":148},[43,55470,4272],{"class":53},[43,55472,55034],{"class":165},[14,55474,11210,55475,1233,55477,55479],{},[18,55476,269],{},[18,55478,279],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1499,55481,55483,55486],{"id":55482},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,55484,55485],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[34,55488,55490],{"className":36,"code":55489,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55491,55492,55512,55520,55524,55532,55536,55548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55493,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55495,3161],{"class":49},[43,55497,98],{"class":97},[43,55499,101],{"class":53},[43,55501,154],{"class":104},[43,55503,108],{"class":53},[43,55505,1525],{"class":104},[43,55507,108],{"class":53},[43,55509,1530],{"class":104},[43,55511,68],{"class":53},[43,55513,55514,55516,55518],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55515,3189],{"class":49},[43,55517,98],{"class":97},[43,55519,36803],{"class":49},[43,55521,55522],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55523,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55525,55526,55528,55530],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55527,3161],{"class":49},[43,55529,98],{"class":97},[43,55531,8456],{"class":53},[43,55533,55534],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55535,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55537,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,55539,142],{"class":141},[43,55541,145],{"class":53},[43,55543,269],{"class":148},[43,55545,4272],{"class":53},[43,55547,55034],{"class":165},[43,55549,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,55551,142],{"class":141},[43,55553,145],{"class":53},[43,55555,279],{"class":148},[43,55557,4272],{"class":53},[43,55559,55560],{"class":165},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55562,21392,55563,55565,55566,55568],{},[18,55564,269],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,55567,279],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55570,55571],{},"This difference matters when:",[389,55573,55574,55577,55580],{},[392,55575,55576],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[392,55578,55579],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[392,55581,55582],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55584,55585,55586,79],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[269,55587,55589,55590,11361],{"href":55588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,55591,13401],{},[81,55593,5576,55594],{"id":13061},[18,55595,11942],{},[14,55597,230,55598,6933],{},[18,55599,11942],{},[389,55601,55602,55605,55608],{},[392,55603,55604],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[392,55606,55607],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[392,55609,55610],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55612,494],{},[34,55614,55616],{"className":36,"code":55615,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,55617,55618,55654,55658,55663,55674,55678],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55619,55620,55623,55625,55627,55629,55632,55634,55636,55638,55641,55643,55645,55647,55650,55652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55621,55622],{"class":49},"shopping_cart ",[43,55624,98],{"class":97},[43,55626,101],{"class":53},[43,55628,265],{"class":264},[43,55630,55631],{"class":268},"milk",[43,55633,265],{"class":264},[43,55635,108],{"class":53},[43,55637,276],{"class":264},[43,55639,55640],{"class":268},"bread",[43,55642,265],{"class":264},[43,55644,108],{"class":53},[43,55646,276],{"class":264},[43,55648,55649],{"class":268},"eggs",[43,55651,265],{"class":264},[43,55653,68],{"class":53},[43,55655,55656],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55657,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55659,55660],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55661,55662],{"class":165},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[43,55664,55665,55668,55670,55672],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55666,55667],{"class":49},"shopping_cart",[43,55669,79],{"class":53},[43,55671,12004],{"class":148},[43,55673,9262],{"class":53},[43,55675,55676],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55677,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55679,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,55681,142],{"class":141},[43,55683,145],{"class":53},[43,55685,55667],{"class":148},[43,55687,4272],{"class":53},[43,55689,55034],{"class":165},[14,55691,55692,55693,55697,55698,55704,55705,79],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[269,55694,55696],{"href":55695},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[269,55699,55701,11361],{"href":55700},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55702,55703],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[269,55706,55708,11361],{"href":55707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55709,55710],{},"list.pop()",[81,55712,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,55714,55716,55717,11713,55720],{"id":55715},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55718,55719],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55721,55722],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55724,55725],{},"This does not call the method.",[34,55727,55729],{"className":36,"code":55728,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55730,55731,55751,55755,55764],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55732,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55734,8398],{"class":49},[43,55736,98],{"class":97},[43,55738,101],{"class":53},[43,55740,154],{"class":104},[43,55742,108],{"class":53},[43,55744,1525],{"class":104},[43,55746,108],{"class":53},[43,55748,1530],{"class":104},[43,55750,68],{"class":53},[43,55752,55753],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55754,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55756,55757,55759,55761],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55758,8427],{"class":49},[43,55760,79],{"class":53},[43,55762,55763],{"class":25373},"clear\n",[43,55765,55766,55768,55770,55772],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55767,142],{"class":141},[43,55769,145],{"class":53},[43,55771,8427],{"class":148},[43,55773,346],{"class":53},[14,55775,349],{},[34,55777,55779],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55780,55781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55782,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55784,54],{"class":53},[43,55786,154],{"class":104},[43,55788,108],{"class":53},[43,55790,1525],{"class":104},[43,55792,108],{"class":53},[43,55794,1530],{"class":104},[43,55796,68],{"class":53},[14,55798,55799],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55801,11428],{},[34,55803,55805],{"className":36,"code":55804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55806,55807,55827,55831,55841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55808,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55810,8398],{"class":49},[43,55812,98],{"class":97},[43,55814,101],{"class":53},[43,55816,154],{"class":104},[43,55818,108],{"class":53},[43,55820,1525],{"class":104},[43,55822,108],{"class":53},[43,55824,1530],{"class":104},[43,55826,68],{"class":53},[43,55828,55829],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55830,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55832,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55834,8427],{"class":49},[43,55836,79],{"class":53},[43,55838,12004],{"class":148},[43,55840,9262],{"class":53},[43,55842,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55844,142],{"class":141},[43,55846,145],{"class":53},[43,55848,8427],{"class":148},[43,55850,4272],{"class":53},[43,55852,55034],{"class":165},[1499,55854,9071,55856,55858],{"id":55855},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55857,11942],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55860,55861,3004,55863,55865],{},[18,55862,11942],{},[18,55864,4391],{},", not the list.",[34,55867,55869],{"className":36,"code":55868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55870,55871,55891,55905,55909,55921],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55872,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55874,8398],{"class":49},[43,55876,98],{"class":97},[43,55878,101],{"class":53},[43,55880,154],{"class":104},[43,55882,108],{"class":53},[43,55884,1525],{"class":104},[43,55886,108],{"class":53},[43,55888,1530],{"class":104},[43,55890,68],{"class":53},[43,55892,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55894,2836],{"class":49},[43,55896,98],{"class":97},[43,55898,704],{"class":49},[43,55900,79],{"class":53},[43,55902,12004],{"class":148},[43,55904,9262],{"class":53},[43,55906,55907],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,55908,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,55910,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,55912,142],{"class":141},[43,55914,145],{"class":53},[43,55916,2871],{"class":148},[43,55918,4272],{"class":53},[43,55920,21497],{"class":165},[43,55922,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,55924,142],{"class":141},[43,55926,145],{"class":53},[43,55928,8427],{"class":148},[43,55930,4272],{"class":53},[43,55932,55282],{"class":165},[1499,55934,2445,55936,55938],{"id":55935},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55937,11942],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55940,55941,55942,55944],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55943,11942],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55946,55947],{},"This will fail:",[34,55949,55951],{"className":36,"code":55950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55952,55953,55965],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55954,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55956,35316],{"class":49},[43,55958,98],{"class":97},[43,55960,276],{"class":264},[43,55962,4459],{"class":268},[43,55964,3969],{"class":264},[43,55966,55967,55969,55971,55973],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,55968,35337],{"class":49},[43,55970,79],{"class":53},[43,55972,12004],{"class":148},[43,55974,9262],{"class":53},[14,55976,55977,55978,34228],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55979,11942],{},[14,55981,55982,55983,55985],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55984,4391],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55987,55988],{},"Useful checks:",[34,55990,55992],{"className":36,"code":55991,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55993,55994,56004,56018,56032,56041,56051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55995,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55997,142],{"class":141},[43,55999,145],{"class":53},[43,56001,50],{"class":148},[43,56003,346],{"class":53},[43,56005,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56007,142],{"class":141},[43,56009,145],{"class":53},[43,56011,3832],{"class":3510},[43,56013,145],{"class":53},[43,56015,50],{"class":148},[43,56017,2377],{"class":53},[43,56019,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56021,142],{"class":141},[43,56023,145],{"class":53},[43,56025,13273],{"class":141},[43,56027,145],{"class":53},[43,56029,50],{"class":148},[43,56031,2377],{"class":53},[43,56033,56034,56036,56038],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56035,44175],{"class":49},[43,56037,98],{"class":97},[43,56039,56040],{"class":49}," my_list\n",[43,56042,56043,56045,56047,56049],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56044,50],{"class":49},[43,56046,79],{"class":53},[43,56048,12004],{"class":148},[43,56050,9262],{"class":53},[43,56052,56053,56055,56057,56059],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,56054,142],{"class":141},[43,56056,145],{"class":53},[43,56058,31369],{"class":148},[43,56060,346],{"class":53},[14,56062,56063],{},"These can help you see:",[389,56065,56066,56069,56072],{},[392,56067,56068],{},"What the variable currently contains",[392,56070,56071],{},"Whether it is really a list",[392,56073,56074],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,56076,56077,56078,79],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[269,56079,56080],{"href":54924},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[81,56082,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,56084,13328,56086,56088],{"id":56085},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,56087,54977],{}," delete the list?",[14,56090,56091],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1499,56093,13328,56095,56097],{"id":56094},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,56096,54977],{}," return a new list?",[14,56099,56100,56101,56103],{},"No. It returns ",[18,56102,4391],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1499,56105,5794,56107,1233,56109,2490],{"id":56106},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,56108,11942],{},[18,56110,55485],{},[14,56112,56113,56115,56116,56118],{},[18,56114,11942],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,56117,55485],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1499,56120,28953,56122,56124],{"id":56121},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,56123,11942],{}," on other types?",[14,56126,56127,56128,56130],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,56129,11942],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[81,56132,2497],{"id":2496},[389,56134,56135,56139,56144,56151,56158,56164],{},[392,56136,56137],{},[269,56138,53399],{"href":55198},[392,56140,56141],{},[269,56142,56143],{"href":55695},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[392,56145,56146],{},[269,56147,56148,56149,11361],{"href":55707},"Python list ",[18,56150,13387],{},[392,56152,56153],{},[269,56154,56148,56155,11361],{"href":55700},[18,56156,56157],{},"remove()",[392,56159,56160],{},[269,56161,56148,56162,11361],{"href":55588},[18,56163,13401],{},[392,56165,56166],{},[269,56167,30973,56168,34261],{"href":54924},[18,56169,56170],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2536,56172,56173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":56175},[56176,56177,56179,56180,56181,56182,56189,56190,56198,56208],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":55042,"depth":131,"text":56178},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":55356,"depth":131,"text":56183,"children":56184},"clear() vs assigning []",[56185,56187],{"id":55394,"depth":138,"text":56186},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55482,"depth":138,"text":56188},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13061,"depth":131,"text":13433},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":56191},[56192,56194,56196],{"id":55715,"depth":138,"text":56193},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55855,"depth":138,"text":56195},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55935,"depth":138,"text":56197},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":56199},[56200,56202,56204,56206],{"id":56085,"depth":138,"text":56201},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56094,"depth":138,"text":56203},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56106,"depth":138,"text":56205},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56121,"depth":138,"text":56207},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54964,"description":56209},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56216,"title":56217,"body":56218,"description":57900,"extension":2572,"meta":57901,"navigation":134,"path":57902,"seo":57903,"stem":57904,"__hash__":57905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56219,"toc":57868},[56220,56225,56231,56239,56241,56330,56337,56342,56346,56360,56362,56439,56441,56502,56505,56507,56509,56530,56533,56547,56550,56595,56597,56605,56608,56614,56620,56623,56700,56702,56747,56750,56755,56838,56840,56881,56886,56890,56896,56898,56906,56909,57002,57004,57062,57065,57081,57086,57096,57101,57103,57108,57113,57116,57118,57175,57178,57231,57237,57242,57246,57263,57265,57348,57350,57391,57399,57401,57406,57412,57414,57477,57482,57552,57556,57591,57594,57596,57635,57639,57715,57721,57727,57732,57754,57757,57776,57783,57785,57791,57794,57801,57809,57814,57817,57821,57827,57835,57838,57840,57865],[10,56221,54970,56223,11943],{"id":56222},"python-list-copy-method",[18,56224,13401],{},[14,56226,56227,56230],{},[18,56228,56229],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,56232,56233,56234,14678,56236,56238],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,56235,98],{},[76,56237,1957],{}," make a real copy.",[81,56240,84],{"id":83},[34,56242,56244],{"className":36,"code":56243,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56245,56246,56266,56281,56285,56300,56304,56317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56247,56248,56250,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56249,94],{"class":49},[43,56251,98],{"class":97},[43,56253,101],{"class":53},[43,56255,154],{"class":104},[43,56257,108],{"class":53},[43,56259,1525],{"class":104},[43,56261,108],{"class":53},[43,56263,1530],{"class":104},[43,56265,68],{"class":53},[43,56267,56268,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56269,56270],{"class":49},"new_numbers ",[43,56272,98],{"class":97},[43,56274,2071],{"class":49},[43,56276,79],{"class":53},[43,56278,13536],{"class":148},[43,56280,9262],{"class":53},[43,56282,56283],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56284,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56286,56287,56290,56292,56294,56296,56298],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56288,56289],{"class":49},"new_numbers",[43,56291,79],{"class":53},[43,56293,14178],{"class":148},[43,56295,145],{"class":53},[43,56297,159],{"class":104},[43,56299,346],{"class":53},[43,56301,56302],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56303,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56305,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,56307,142],{"class":141},[43,56309,145],{"class":53},[43,56311,149],{"class":148},[43,56313,4272],{"class":53},[43,56315,56316],{"class":165},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[43,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,56320,142],{"class":141},[43,56322,145],{"class":53},[43,56324,56289],{"class":148},[43,56326,4272],{"class":53},[43,56328,56329],{"class":165},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,56331,230,56332,56334,56335,79],{},[18,56333,56229],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[76,56336,13475],{},[81,56338,4289,56340,4292],{"id":56339},"what-listcopy-does",[18,56341,56229],{},[14,56343,56344,59],{},[18,56345,56229],{},[389,56347,56348,56351,56354,56357],{},[392,56349,56350],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[392,56352,56353],{},"Returns that new list",[392,56355,56356],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[392,56358,56359],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,56361,494],{},[34,56363,56365],{"className":36,"code":56364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,56366,56367,56399,56414,56418,56428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56368,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56370,36867],{"class":49},[43,56372,98],{"class":97},[43,56374,101],{"class":53},[43,56376,265],{"class":264},[43,56378,4694],{"class":268},[43,56380,265],{"class":264},[43,56382,108],{"class":53},[43,56384,276],{"class":264},[43,56386,4703],{"class":268},[43,56388,265],{"class":264},[43,56390,108],{"class":53},[43,56392,276],{"class":264},[43,56394,33848],{"class":268},[43,56396,265],{"class":264},[43,56398,68],{"class":53},[43,56400,56401,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56402,56403],{"class":49},"copied_fruits ",[43,56405,98],{"class":97},[43,56407,53479],{"class":49},[43,56409,79],{"class":53},[43,56411,13536],{"class":148},[43,56413,9262],{"class":53},[43,56415,56416],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56417,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56419,56420,56422,56424,56426],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56421,142],{"class":141},[43,56423,145],{"class":53},[43,56425,36919],{"class":148},[43,56427,346],{"class":53},[43,56429,56430,56432,56434,56437],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56431,142],{"class":141},[43,56433,145],{"class":53},[43,56435,56436],{"class":148},"copied_fruits",[43,56438,346],{"class":53},[14,56440,349],{},[34,56442,56444],{"className":36,"code":56443,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,56445,56446,56474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56447,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56449,54],{"class":53},[43,56451,361],{"class":264},[43,56453,4694],{"class":268},[43,56455,361],{"class":264},[43,56457,108],{"class":53},[43,56459,370],{"class":264},[43,56461,4703],{"class":268},[43,56463,361],{"class":264},[43,56465,108],{"class":53},[43,56467,370],{"class":264},[43,56469,33848],{"class":268},[43,56471,361],{"class":264},[43,56473,68],{"class":53},[43,56475,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56477,54],{"class":53},[43,56479,361],{"class":264},[43,56481,4694],{"class":268},[43,56483,361],{"class":264},[43,56485,108],{"class":53},[43,56487,370],{"class":264},[43,56489,4703],{"class":268},[43,56491,361],{"class":264},[43,56493,108],{"class":53},[43,56495,370],{"class":264},[43,56497,33848],{"class":268},[43,56499,361],{"class":264},[43,56501,68],{"class":53},[14,56503,56504],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[81,56506,2763],{"id":2762},[14,56508,2766],{},[34,56510,56512],{"className":36,"code":56511,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,56513,56514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56515,56516,56519,56521,56524,56526,56528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56517,56518],{"class":49},"new_list ",[43,56520,98],{"class":97},[43,56522,56523],{"class":49}," old_list",[43,56525,79],{"class":53},[43,56527,13536],{"class":148},[43,56529,9262],{"class":53},[14,56531,56532],{},"How it works:",[389,56534,56535,56541,56544],{},[392,56536,56537,56538,56540],{},"Call ",[18,56539,13401],{}," on an existing list",[392,56542,56543],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[392,56545,56546],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56548,56549],{},"Example with an empty list:",[34,56551,56553],{"className":36,"code":56552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,56554,56555,56564,56580,56584],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56556,56557,56560,56562],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56558,56559],{"class":49},"empty_list ",[43,56561,98],{"class":97},[43,56563,8456],{"class":53},[43,56565,56566,56569,56571,56574,56576,56578],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56567,56568],{"class":49},"new_empty_list ",[43,56570,98],{"class":97},[43,56572,56573],{"class":49}," empty_list",[43,56575,79],{"class":53},[43,56577,13536],{"class":148},[43,56579,9262],{"class":53},[43,56581,56582],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56583,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56585,56586,56588,56590,56593],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56587,142],{"class":141},[43,56589,145],{"class":53},[43,56591,56592],{"class":148},"new_empty_list",[43,56594,346],{"class":53},[14,56596,349],{},[34,56598,56599],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,56600,56601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56602,56603],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56604,1778],{"class":53},[14,56606,56607],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[81,56609,56611,56612],{"id":56610},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,56613,98],{},[14,56615,2445,56616,14678,56618,53295],{},[18,56617,98],{},[76,56619,1957],{},[14,56621,56622],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[34,56624,56626],{"className":36,"code":56625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,56627,56628,56648,56657,56661,56676,56680,56690],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56629,56630,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56631,94],{"class":49},[43,56633,98],{"class":97},[43,56635,101],{"class":53},[43,56637,154],{"class":104},[43,56639,108],{"class":53},[43,56641,1525],{"class":104},[43,56643,108],{"class":53},[43,56645,1530],{"class":104},[43,56647,68],{"class":53},[43,56649,56650,56653,56655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56651,56652],{"class":49},"same_list ",[43,56654,98],{"class":97},[43,56656,44608],{"class":49},[43,56658,56659],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56660,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56662,56663,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56664,56665],{"class":49},"same_list",[43,56667,79],{"class":53},[43,56669,14178],{"class":148},[43,56671,145],{"class":53},[43,56673,159],{"class":104},[43,56675,346],{"class":53},[43,56677,56678],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56679,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56681,56682,56684,56686,56688],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,56683,142],{"class":141},[43,56685,145],{"class":53},[43,56687,149],{"class":148},[43,56689,346],{"class":53},[43,56691,56692,56694,56696,56698],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,56693,142],{"class":141},[43,56695,145],{"class":53},[43,56697,56665],{"class":148},[43,56699,346],{"class":53},[14,56701,349],{},[34,56703,56705],{"className":36,"code":56704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56706,56707,56727],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56708,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56710,54],{"class":53},[43,56712,154],{"class":104},[43,56714,108],{"class":53},[43,56716,1525],{"class":104},[43,56718,108],{"class":53},[43,56720,1530],{"class":104},[43,56722,108],{"class":53},[43,56724,3064],{"class":104},[43,56726,68],{"class":53},[43,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56730,54],{"class":53},[43,56732,154],{"class":104},[43,56734,108],{"class":53},[43,56736,1525],{"class":104},[43,56738,108],{"class":53},[43,56740,1530],{"class":104},[43,56742,108],{"class":53},[43,56744,3064],{"class":104},[43,56746,68],{"class":53},[14,56748,56749],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56751,56752,56753,59],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56754,13401],{},[34,56756,56758],{"className":36,"code":56757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56759,56760,56780,56795,56799,56814,56818,56828],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56761,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56763,94],{"class":49},[43,56765,98],{"class":97},[43,56767,101],{"class":53},[43,56769,154],{"class":104},[43,56771,108],{"class":53},[43,56773,1525],{"class":104},[43,56775,108],{"class":53},[43,56777,1530],{"class":104},[43,56779,68],{"class":53},[43,56781,56782,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56783,56784],{"class":49},"copied_numbers ",[43,56786,98],{"class":97},[43,56788,2071],{"class":49},[43,56790,79],{"class":53},[43,56792,13536],{"class":148},[43,56794,9262],{"class":53},[43,56796,56797],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56798,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56800,56801,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56802,56803],{"class":49},"copied_numbers",[43,56805,79],{"class":53},[43,56807,14178],{"class":148},[43,56809,145],{"class":53},[43,56811,159],{"class":104},[43,56813,346],{"class":53},[43,56815,56816],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56817,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56819,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,56821,142],{"class":141},[43,56823,145],{"class":53},[43,56825,149],{"class":148},[43,56827,346],{"class":53},[43,56829,56830,56832,56834,56836],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,56831,142],{"class":141},[43,56833,145],{"class":53},[43,56835,56803],{"class":148},[43,56837,346],{"class":53},[14,56839,349],{},[34,56841,56843],{"className":36,"code":56842,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56844,56845,56861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56846,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56848,54],{"class":53},[43,56850,154],{"class":104},[43,56852,108],{"class":53},[43,56854,1525],{"class":104},[43,56856,108],{"class":53},[43,56858,1530],{"class":104},[43,56860,68],{"class":53},[43,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56864,54],{"class":53},[43,56866,154],{"class":104},[43,56868,108],{"class":53},[43,56870,1525],{"class":104},[43,56872,108],{"class":53},[43,56874,1530],{"class":104},[43,56876,108],{"class":53},[43,56878,3064],{"class":104},[43,56880,68],{"class":53},[14,56882,56883,56884,79],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[269,56885,53399],{"href":418},[81,56887,56889],{"id":56888},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56891,56892,13472,56894,79],{},[18,56893,56229],{},[76,56895,13475],{},[14,56897,2713],{},[389,56899,56900,56903],{},[392,56901,56902],{},"The outer list is new",[392,56904,56905],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56907,56908],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[34,56910,56912],{"className":36,"code":56911,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56913,56914,56941,56955,56959,56978,56982,56992],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56915,56916,56918,56920,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56917,12709],{"class":49},[43,56919,98],{"class":97},[43,56921,56922],{"class":53}," [[",[43,56924,154],{"class":104},[43,56926,108],{"class":53},[43,56928,1525],{"class":104},[43,56930,18684],{"class":53},[43,56932,101],{"class":53},[43,56934,181],{"class":104},[43,56936,108],{"class":53},[43,56938,3064],{"class":104},[43,56940,53870],{"class":53},[43,56942,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,56944,14936],{"class":49},[43,56946,98],{"class":97},[43,56948,12784],{"class":49},[43,56950,79],{"class":53},[43,56952,13536],{"class":148},[43,56954,9262],{"class":53},[43,56956,56957],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,56958,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56960,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56976],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,56962,14955],{"class":49},[43,56964,54],{"class":53},[43,56966,1277],{"class":104},[43,56968,14175],{"class":53},[43,56970,14178],{"class":148},[43,56972,145],{"class":53},[43,56974,56975],{"class":104},"99",[43,56977,346],{"class":53},[43,56979,56980],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,56981,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,56983,56984,56986,56988,56990],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,56985,142],{"class":141},[43,56987,145],{"class":53},[43,56989,12756],{"class":148},[43,56991,346],{"class":53},[43,56993,56994,56996,56998,57000],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,56995,142],{"class":141},[43,56997,145],{"class":53},[43,56999,14955],{"class":148},[43,57001,346],{"class":53},[14,57003,349],{},[34,57005,57007],{"className":36,"code":57006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,57008,57009,57036],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57010,57011,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032,57034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57012,57013],{"class":53},"[[",[43,57015,154],{"class":104},[43,57017,108],{"class":53},[43,57019,1525],{"class":104},[43,57021,108],{"class":53},[43,57023,10816],{"class":104},[43,57025,18684],{"class":53},[43,57027,101],{"class":53},[43,57029,181],{"class":104},[43,57031,108],{"class":53},[43,57033,3064],{"class":104},[43,57035,53870],{"class":53},[43,57037,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57039,57013],{"class":53},[43,57041,154],{"class":104},[43,57043,108],{"class":53},[43,57045,1525],{"class":104},[43,57047,108],{"class":53},[43,57049,10816],{"class":104},[43,57051,18684],{"class":53},[43,57053,101],{"class":53},[43,57055,181],{"class":104},[43,57057,108],{"class":53},[43,57059,3064],{"class":104},[43,57061,53870],{"class":53},[14,57063,57064],{},"Why did both change?",[389,57066,57067,57074],{},[392,57068,57069,1233,57071,57073],{},[18,57070,12756],{},[18,57072,14955],{}," are different outer lists",[392,57075,57076,57077,57080],{},"But the inner list ",[18,57078,57079],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,57082,54281,57083,57085],{},[18,57084,13401],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[389,57087,57088,57091,57094],{},[392,57089,57090],{},"Numbers",[392,57092,57093],{},"Strings",[392,57095,41222],{},[14,57097,57098,57099,79],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[269,57100,14415],{"href":14414},[81,57102,18040],{"id":18039},[14,57104,57105,57107],{},[18,57106,56229],{}," returns a new list.",[14,57109,1954,57110,57112],{},[76,57111,1957],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,57114,57115],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,57117,17277],{},[34,57119,57121],{"className":36,"code":57120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,57122,57123,57147,57161,57165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57124,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57126,13700],{"class":49},[43,57128,98],{"class":97},[43,57130,101],{"class":53},[43,57132,265],{"class":264},[43,57134,13717],{"class":268},[43,57136,265],{"class":264},[43,57138,108],{"class":53},[43,57140,276],{"class":264},[43,57142,13734],{"class":268},[43,57144,265],{"class":264},[43,57146,68],{"class":53},[43,57148,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57150,13743],{"class":49},[43,57152,98],{"class":97},[43,57154,13748],{"class":49},[43,57156,79],{"class":53},[43,57158,13536],{"class":148},[43,57160,9262],{"class":53},[43,57162,57163],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57164,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57166,57167,57169,57171,57173],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57168,142],{"class":141},[43,57170,145],{"class":53},[43,57172,13767],{"class":148},[43,57174,346],{"class":53},[14,57176,57177],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[34,57179,57181],{"className":36,"code":57180,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,57182,57183,57207,57217,57221],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57184,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57186,13700],{"class":49},[43,57188,98],{"class":97},[43,57190,101],{"class":53},[43,57192,265],{"class":264},[43,57194,13717],{"class":268},[43,57196,265],{"class":264},[43,57198,108],{"class":53},[43,57200,276],{"class":264},[43,57202,13734],{"class":268},[43,57204,265],{"class":264},[43,57206,68],{"class":53},[43,57208,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57210,18124],{"class":49},[43,57212,79],{"class":53},[43,57214,13536],{"class":148},[43,57216,9262],{"class":53},[43,57218,57219],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57222,57223,57225,57227,57229],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57224,142],{"class":141},[43,57226,145],{"class":53},[43,57228,18124],{"class":148},[43,57230,346],{"class":53},[14,57232,57233,57234,57236],{},"In the second example, ",[18,57235,13401],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[81,57238,5576,57240],{"id":57239},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,57241,56229],{},[14,57243,230,57244,11221],{},[18,57245,56229],{},[389,57247,57248,57251,57254,57257],{},[392,57249,57250],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[392,57252,57253],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[392,57255,57256],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[392,57258,57259,57260],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,57261,57262],{},"[:]",[14,57264,494],{},[34,57266,57268],{"className":36,"code":57267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,57269,57270,57290,57305,57309,57323,57327,57337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57271,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57273,5679],{"class":49},[43,57275,98],{"class":97},[43,57277,101],{"class":53},[43,57279,105],{"class":104},[43,57281,108],{"class":53},[43,57283,111],{"class":104},[43,57285,108],{"class":53},[43,57287,116],{"class":104},[43,57289,68],{"class":53},[43,57291,57292,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57293,57294],{"class":49},"backup_scores ",[43,57296,98],{"class":97},[43,57298,5725],{"class":49},[43,57300,79],{"class":53},[43,57302,13536],{"class":148},[43,57304,9262],{"class":53},[43,57306,57307],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57308,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57310,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57312,17011],{"class":49},[43,57314,79],{"class":53},[43,57316,14178],{"class":148},[43,57318,145],{"class":53},[43,57320,903],{"class":104},[43,57322,346],{"class":53},[43,57324,57325],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,57326,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57328,57329,57331,57333,57335],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,57330,142],{"class":141},[43,57332,145],{"class":53},[43,57334,17011],{"class":148},[43,57336,346],{"class":53},[43,57338,57339,57341,57343,57346],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,57340,142],{"class":141},[43,57342,145],{"class":53},[43,57344,57345],{"class":148},"backup_scores",[43,57347,346],{"class":53},[14,57349,349],{},[34,57351,57353],{"className":36,"code":57352,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,57354,57355,57375],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57356,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57358,54],{"class":53},[43,57360,105],{"class":104},[43,57362,108],{"class":53},[43,57364,111],{"class":104},[43,57366,108],{"class":53},[43,57368,116],{"class":104},[43,57370,108],{"class":53},[43,57372,121],{"class":104},[43,57374,68],{"class":53},[43,57376,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57378,54],{"class":53},[43,57380,105],{"class":104},[43,57382,108],{"class":53},[43,57384,111],{"class":104},[43,57386,108],{"class":53},[43,57388,116],{"class":104},[43,57390,68],{"class":53},[14,57392,57393,57394,79],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[269,57395,56148,57397,11361],{"href":57396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,57398,53280],{},[81,57400,5134],{"id":5133},[14,57402,57403,57404,79],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,57405,56229],{},[1499,57407,2445,57409,57411],{"id":57408},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,57410,98],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,57413,39826],{},[34,57415,57417],{"className":36,"code":57416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,57418,57419,57439,57447,57461,57465],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57420,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57422,3161],{"class":49},[43,57424,98],{"class":97},[43,57426,101],{"class":53},[43,57428,154],{"class":104},[43,57430,108],{"class":53},[43,57432,1525],{"class":104},[43,57434,108],{"class":53},[43,57436,1530],{"class":104},[43,57438,68],{"class":53},[43,57440,57441,57443,57445],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57442,3189],{"class":49},[43,57444,98],{"class":97},[43,57446,36803],{"class":49},[43,57448,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57450,279],{"class":49},[43,57452,79],{"class":53},[43,57454,14178],{"class":148},[43,57456,145],{"class":53},[43,57458,159],{"class":104},[43,57460,346],{"class":53},[43,57462,57463],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57464,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57466,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,57468,142],{"class":141},[43,57470,145],{"class":53},[43,57472,269],{"class":148},[43,57474,4272],{"class":53},[43,57476,56329],{"class":165},[14,57478,57479,57480,7247],{},"Fix: use ",[18,57481,13401],{},[34,57483,57485],{"className":36,"code":57484,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,57486,57487,57507,57522,57536,57540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57488,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57490,3161],{"class":49},[43,57492,98],{"class":97},[43,57494,101],{"class":53},[43,57496,154],{"class":104},[43,57498,108],{"class":53},[43,57500,1525],{"class":104},[43,57502,108],{"class":53},[43,57504,1530],{"class":104},[43,57506,68],{"class":53},[43,57508,57509,57511,57513,57516,57518,57520],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57510,3189],{"class":49},[43,57512,98],{"class":97},[43,57514,57515],{"class":49}," a",[43,57517,79],{"class":53},[43,57519,13536],{"class":148},[43,57521,9262],{"class":53},[43,57523,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57525,279],{"class":49},[43,57527,79],{"class":53},[43,57529,14178],{"class":148},[43,57531,145],{"class":53},[43,57533,159],{"class":104},[43,57535,346],{"class":53},[43,57537,57538],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57539,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57541,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,57543,142],{"class":141},[43,57545,145],{"class":53},[43,57547,269],{"class":148},[43,57549,4272],{"class":53},[43,57551,55560],{"class":165},[1499,57553,57555],{"id":57554},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[34,57557,57559],{"className":36,"code":57558,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,57560,57561,57581],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57564,94],{"class":49},[43,57566,98],{"class":97},[43,57568,101],{"class":53},[43,57570,154],{"class":104},[43,57572,108],{"class":53},[43,57574,1525],{"class":104},[43,57576,108],{"class":53},[43,57578,1530],{"class":104},[43,57580,68],{"class":53},[43,57582,57583,57585,57587,57589],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57584,149],{"class":49},[43,57586,79],{"class":53},[43,57588,13536],{"class":148},[43,57590,9262],{"class":53},[14,57592,57593],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57595,39889],{},[34,57597,57599],{"className":36,"code":57598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,57600,57601,57621],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57602,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57604,94],{"class":49},[43,57606,98],{"class":97},[43,57608,101],{"class":53},[43,57610,154],{"class":104},[43,57612,108],{"class":53},[43,57614,1525],{"class":104},[43,57616,108],{"class":53},[43,57618,1530],{"class":104},[43,57620,68],{"class":53},[43,57622,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57624,56784],{"class":49},[43,57626,98],{"class":97},[43,57628,2071],{"class":49},[43,57630,79],{"class":53},[43,57632,13536],{"class":148},[43,57634,9262],{"class":53},[1499,57636,57638],{"id":57637},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[34,57640,57642],{"className":36,"code":57641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,57643,57644,57662,57676,57680,57698,57702],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57645,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57647,3161],{"class":49},[43,57649,98],{"class":97},[43,57651,56922],{"class":53},[43,57653,154],{"class":104},[43,57655,18684],{"class":53},[43,57657,101],{"class":53},[43,57659,201],{"class":104},[43,57661,53870],{"class":53},[43,57663,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57665,3189],{"class":49},[43,57667,98],{"class":97},[43,57669,57515],{"class":49},[43,57671,79],{"class":53},[43,57673,13536],{"class":148},[43,57675,9262],{"class":53},[43,57677,57678],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57679,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57681,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,57683,279],{"class":49},[43,57685,54],{"class":53},[43,57687,1277],{"class":104},[43,57689,14175],{"class":53},[43,57691,14178],{"class":148},[43,57693,145],{"class":53},[43,57695,56975],{"class":104},[43,57697,346],{"class":53},[43,57699,57700],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,57701,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,57703,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,57705,142],{"class":141},[43,57707,145],{"class":53},[43,57709,269],{"class":148},[43,57711,4272],{"class":53},[43,57713,57714],{"class":165},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57716,57717,57718,57720],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57719,56229],{}," is shallow.",[1499,57722,26240,57724,57726],{"id":57723},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57725,13401],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57728,57729,57731],{},[18,57730,13401],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[34,57733,57735],{"className":36,"code":57734,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57736,57737,57749],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57738,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57740,8494],{"class":49},[43,57742,98],{"class":97},[43,57744,276],{"class":264},[43,57746,5619],{"class":268},[43,57748,3969],{"class":264},[43,57750,57751],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57752,57753],{"class":165},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57755,57756],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[34,57758,57760],{"className":36,"code":57759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57761,57762],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57763,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57765,142],{"class":141},[43,57767,145],{"class":53},[43,57769,3832],{"class":3510},[43,57771,145],{"class":53},[43,57773,8286],{"class":148},[43,57775,2377],{"class":53},[14,57777,57778,57779,57782],{},"You can also review ",[269,57780,57781],{"href":2509},"creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[81,57784,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,57786,13328,57788,57790],{"id":57787},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57789,56229],{}," change the original list?",[14,57792,57793],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1499,57795,5794,57797,1233,57799,2490],{"id":57796},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57798,56229],{},[18,57800,98],{},[14,57802,57803,57805,57806,57808],{},[18,57804,13401],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57807,98],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1499,57810,15527,57812,15530],{"id":57811},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57813,56229],{},[14,57815,57816],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1499,57818,57820],{"id":57819},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57822,42778,57823,57826],{},[18,57824,57825],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1499,57828,15527,57830,57832,57833,2490],{"id":57829},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57831,56229],{}," the same as ",[18,57834,57262],{},[14,57836,57837],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[81,57839,2497],{"id":2496},[389,57841,57842,57846,57850,57855,57861],{},[392,57843,57844],{},[269,57845,2515],{"href":985},[392,57847,57848],{},[269,57849,53399],{"href":418},[392,57851,57852],{},[269,57853,57854],{"href":2509},"Creating a list in Python",[392,57856,57857],{},[269,57858,56148,57859,11361],{"href":57396},[18,57860,53280],{},[392,57862,57863],{},[269,57864,14415],{"href":14414},[2536,57866,57867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":57869},[57870,57871,57873,57874,57876,57877,57878,57880,57888,57899],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":56339,"depth":131,"text":57872},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":56610,"depth":131,"text":57875},"Why not use =",{"id":56888,"depth":131,"text":56889},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":57239,"depth":131,"text":57879},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":57881},[57882,57884,57885,57886],{"id":57408,"depth":138,"text":57883},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57554,"depth":138,"text":57555},{"id":57637,"depth":138,"text":57638},{"id":57723,"depth":138,"text":57887},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":57889},[57890,57892,57894,57896,57897],{"id":57787,"depth":138,"text":57891},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57796,"depth":138,"text":57893},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57811,"depth":138,"text":57895},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57819,"depth":138,"text":57820},{"id":57829,"depth":138,"text":57898},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56217,"description":57900},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57907,"title":57908,"body":57909,"description":59651,"extension":2572,"meta":59652,"navigation":134,"path":59653,"seo":59654,"stem":59655,"__hash__":59656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57910,"toc":59610},[57911,57917,57923,57926,57937,57940,57942,58005,58011,58016,58020,58034,58037,58042,58047,58049,58051,58070,58082,58084,58151,58153,58161,58166,58168,58176,58179,58196,58198,58322,58333,58337,58342,58345,58347,58365,58369,58455,58464,58472,58541,58543,58546,58558,58563,58567,58638,58641,58645,58649,58714,58716,58724,58728,58811,58813,58821,58825,58886,58888,58896,58900,58987,58989,58997,59002,59007,59010,59021,59023,59108,59113,59122,59124,59128,59132,59137,59199,59203,59211,59217,59226,59231,59280,59283,59304,59308,59370,59377,59382,59385,59472,59475,59486,59489,59509,59511,59517,59520,59524,59528,59534,59537,59543,59550,59558,59569,59571,59607],[10,57912,54970,57914,11943],{"id":57913},"python-list-count-method",[18,57915,57916],{},"count()",[14,57918,57919,57922],{},[18,57920,57921],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57924,57925],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[389,57927,57928,57931,57934],{},[392,57929,57930],{},"count one specific item",[392,57932,57933],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[392,57935,57936],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57938,57939],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[81,57941,4221],{"id":4220},[34,57943,57945],{"className":36,"code":57944,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57946,57947,57975,57993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57948,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57950,94],{"class":49},[43,57952,98],{"class":97},[43,57954,101],{"class":53},[43,57956,154],{"class":104},[43,57958,108],{"class":53},[43,57960,1525],{"class":104},[43,57962,108],{"class":53},[43,57964,1525],{"class":104},[43,57966,108],{"class":53},[43,57968,1530],{"class":104},[43,57970,108],{"class":53},[43,57972,1525],{"class":104},[43,57974,68],{"class":53},[43,57976,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,57978,2836],{"class":49},[43,57980,98],{"class":97},[43,57982,2071],{"class":49},[43,57984,79],{"class":53},[43,57986,41885],{"class":148},[43,57988,145],{"class":53},[43,57990,201],{"class":104},[43,57992,346],{"class":53},[43,57994,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,57996,142],{"class":141},[43,57998,145],{"class":53},[43,58000,2871],{"class":148},[43,58002,4272],{"class":53},[43,58004,51399],{"class":165},[14,58006,230,58007,58010],{},[18,58008,58009],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[81,58012,4289,58014,4292],{"id":58013},"what-listcount-does",[18,58015,57921],{},[14,58017,58018,59],{},[18,58019,57921],{},[389,58021,58022,58025,58028,58031],{},[392,58023,58024],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[392,58026,58027],{},"returns an integer",[392,58029,58030],{},"does not change the original list",[392,58032,58033],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,58035,58036],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,58038,58039,58040,79],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,58041,181],{},[14,58043,58044,58045,79],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,58046,1277],{},[81,58048,2763],{"id":2762},[14,58050,2766],{},[34,58052,58054],{"className":36,"code":58053,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,58055,58056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58059,50],{"class":49},[43,58061,79],{"class":53},[43,58063,41885],{"class":148},[43,58065,145],{"class":53},[43,58067,3080],{"class":148},[43,58069,346],{"class":53},[389,58071,58072,58077],{},[392,58073,58074,58076],{},[18,58075,50],{}," is the list you want to search",[392,58078,58079,58081],{},[18,58080,3080],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,58083,494],{},[34,58085,58087],{"className":36,"code":58086,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,58088,58089,58129],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58090,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58092,257],{"class":49},[43,58094,98],{"class":97},[43,58096,101],{"class":53},[43,58098,265],{"class":264},[43,58100,269],{"class":268},[43,58102,265],{"class":264},[43,58104,108],{"class":53},[43,58106,276],{"class":264},[43,58108,279],{"class":268},[43,58110,265],{"class":264},[43,58112,108],{"class":53},[43,58114,276],{"class":264},[43,58116,269],{"class":268},[43,58118,265],{"class":264},[43,58120,108],{"class":53},[43,58122,276],{"class":264},[43,58124,288],{"class":268},[43,58126,265],{"class":264},[43,58128,68],{"class":53},[43,58130,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58132,142],{"class":141},[43,58134,145],{"class":53},[43,58136,1079],{"class":148},[43,58138,79],{"class":53},[43,58140,41885],{"class":148},[43,58142,145],{"class":53},[43,58144,265],{"class":264},[43,58146,269],{"class":268},[43,58148,265],{"class":264},[43,58150,2377],{"class":53},[14,58152,349],{},[34,58154,58155],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58156,58157],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58158,58159],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58160,17678],{"class":104},[14,58162,58163,58164,79],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,58165,1277],{},[81,58167,38648],{"id":38647},[14,58169,58170,58171,58173,58174,79],{},"The return value from ",[18,58172,57916],{}," is always an ",[18,58175,2795],{},[14,58177,58178],{},"Possible results:",[389,58180,58181,58186,58191],{},[392,58182,58183,58185],{},[18,58184,1277],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[392,58187,58188,58190],{},[18,58189,154],{}," if it appears once",[392,58192,58193,58195],{},[18,58194,201],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,58197,494],{},[34,58199,58201],{"className":36,"code":58200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,58202,58203,58243,58247,58272,58297],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58204,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58206,13700],{"class":49},[43,58208,98],{"class":97},[43,58210,101],{"class":53},[43,58212,265],{"class":264},[43,58214,13717],{"class":268},[43,58216,265],{"class":264},[43,58218,108],{"class":53},[43,58220,276],{"class":264},[43,58222,13734],{"class":268},[43,58224,265],{"class":264},[43,58226,108],{"class":53},[43,58228,276],{"class":264},[43,58230,18077],{"class":268},[43,58232,265],{"class":264},[43,58234,108],{"class":53},[43,58236,276],{"class":264},[43,58238,13734],{"class":268},[43,58240,265],{"class":264},[43,58242,68],{"class":53},[43,58244,58245],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58246,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,58248,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58250,142],{"class":141},[43,58252,145],{"class":53},[43,58254,18124],{"class":148},[43,58256,79],{"class":53},[43,58258,41885],{"class":148},[43,58260,145],{"class":53},[43,58262,265],{"class":264},[43,58264,13734],{"class":268},[43,58266,265],{"class":264},[43,58268,5977],{"class":53},[43,58270,58271],{"class":165},"   # 2\n",[43,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,58275,142],{"class":141},[43,58277,145],{"class":53},[43,58279,18124],{"class":148},[43,58281,79],{"class":53},[43,58283,41885],{"class":148},[43,58285,145],{"class":53},[43,58287,265],{"class":264},[43,58289,13717],{"class":268},[43,58291,265],{"class":264},[43,58293,5977],{"class":53},[43,58295,58296],{"class":165},"    # 1\n",[43,58298,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,58300,142],{"class":141},[43,58302,145],{"class":53},[43,58304,18124],{"class":148},[43,58306,79],{"class":53},[43,58308,41885],{"class":148},[43,58310,145],{"class":53},[43,58312,265],{"class":264},[43,58314,23146],{"class":268},[43,58316,265],{"class":264},[43,58318,5977],{"class":53},[43,58320,58321],{"class":165}," # 0\n",[14,58323,58324,58325,58327,58328,58330,58331,79],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,58326,57916],{}," works, but using ",[18,58329,4498],{}," is often simpler. See ",[269,58332,6813],{"href":6812},[81,58334,58336],{"id":58335},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,58338,58339,58341],{},[18,58340,57921],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,58343,58344],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,58346,44276],{},[389,58348,58349,58352,58355,58362],{},[392,58350,58351],{},"matches are based on equality",[392,58353,58354],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[392,58356,58357,1233,58359,58361],{},[18,58358,154],{},[18,58360,4216],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[392,58363,58364],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1499,58366,58368],{"id":58367},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[34,58370,58372],{"className":36,"code":58371,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,58373,58374,58407,58431],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58375,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58377,4685],{"class":49},[43,58379,98],{"class":97},[43,58381,101],{"class":53},[43,58383,265],{"class":264},[43,58385,4694],{"class":268},[43,58387,265],{"class":264},[43,58389,108],{"class":53},[43,58391,276],{"class":264},[43,58393,58394],{"class":268},"Apple",[43,58396,265],{"class":264},[43,58398,108],{"class":53},[43,58400,276],{"class":264},[43,58402,4694],{"class":268},[43,58404,265],{"class":264},[43,58406,68],{"class":53},[43,58408,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58410,142],{"class":141},[43,58412,145],{"class":53},[43,58414,4729],{"class":148},[43,58416,79],{"class":53},[43,58418,41885],{"class":148},[43,58420,145],{"class":53},[43,58422,265],{"class":264},[43,58424,4694],{"class":268},[43,58426,265],{"class":264},[43,58428,5977],{"class":53},[43,58430,52042],{"class":165},[43,58432,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58434,142],{"class":141},[43,58436,145],{"class":53},[43,58438,4729],{"class":148},[43,58440,79],{"class":53},[43,58442,41885],{"class":148},[43,58444,145],{"class":53},[43,58446,265],{"class":264},[43,58448,58394],{"class":268},[43,58450,265],{"class":264},[43,58452,5977],{"class":53},[43,58454,28404],{"class":165},[14,58456,58457,1233,58460,58463],{},[18,58458,58459],{},"\"apple\"",[18,58461,58462],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1499,58465,58467,1233,58469,58471],{"id":58466},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,58468,154],{},[18,58470,4216],{}," can match",[34,58473,58475],{"className":36,"code":58474,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,58476,58477,58501,58521],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58478,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58480,4436],{"class":49},[43,58482,98],{"class":97},[43,58484,101],{"class":53},[43,58486,154],{"class":104},[43,58488,108],{"class":53},[43,58490,4530],{"class":4466},[43,58492,108],{"class":53},[43,58494,1525],{"class":104},[43,58496,108],{"class":53},[43,58498,6113],{"class":104},[43,58500,68],{"class":53},[43,58502,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58504,142],{"class":141},[43,58506,145],{"class":53},[43,58508,5974],{"class":148},[43,58510,79],{"class":53},[43,58512,41885],{"class":148},[43,58514,145],{"class":53},[43,58516,154],{"class":104},[43,58518,5977],{"class":53},[43,58520,51546],{"class":165},[43,58522,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58524,142],{"class":141},[43,58526,145],{"class":53},[43,58528,5974],{"class":148},[43,58530,79],{"class":53},[43,58532,41885],{"class":148},[43,58534,145],{"class":53},[43,58536,4216],{"class":4466},[43,58538,5977],{"class":53},[43,58540,51399],{"class":165},[14,58542,5025],{},[14,58544,58545],{},"In Python:",[389,58547,58548,58553],{},[392,58549,58550],{},[18,58551,58552],{},"True == 1",[392,58554,58555],{},[18,58556,58557],{},"False == 0",[14,58559,54281,58560,58562],{},[18,58561,57916],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1499,58564,58566],{"id":58565},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[34,58568,58570],{"className":36,"code":58569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,58571,58572,58614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58573,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58575,8398],{"class":49},[43,58577,98],{"class":97},[43,58579,56922],{"class":53},[43,58581,154],{"class":104},[43,58583,108],{"class":53},[43,58585,1525],{"class":104},[43,58587,18684],{"class":53},[43,58589,101],{"class":53},[43,58591,181],{"class":104},[43,58593,108],{"class":53},[43,58595,3064],{"class":104},[43,58597,18684],{"class":53},[43,58599,101],{"class":53},[43,58601,154],{"class":104},[43,58603,108],{"class":53},[43,58605,1525],{"class":104},[43,58607,18684],{"class":53},[43,58609,101],{"class":53},[43,58611,154],{"class":104},[43,58613,53870],{"class":53},[43,58615,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58617,142],{"class":141},[43,58619,145],{"class":53},[43,58621,8427],{"class":148},[43,58623,79],{"class":53},[43,58625,41885],{"class":148},[43,58627,3595],{"class":53},[43,58629,154],{"class":104},[43,58631,108],{"class":53},[43,58633,1525],{"class":104},[43,58635,5350],{"class":53},[43,58637,52042],{"class":165},[14,58639,58640],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[81,58642,58644],{"id":58643},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1499,58646,58648],{"id":58647},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[34,58650,58652],{"className":36,"code":58651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58653,58654,58682,58700,58704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58655,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58657,94],{"class":49},[43,58659,98],{"class":97},[43,58661,101],{"class":53},[43,58663,105],{"class":104},[43,58665,108],{"class":53},[43,58667,111],{"class":104},[43,58669,108],{"class":53},[43,58671,977],{"class":104},[43,58673,108],{"class":53},[43,58675,116],{"class":104},[43,58677,108],{"class":53},[43,58679,977],{"class":104},[43,58681,68],{"class":53},[43,58683,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58685,2836],{"class":49},[43,58687,98],{"class":97},[43,58689,2071],{"class":49},[43,58691,79],{"class":53},[43,58693,41885],{"class":148},[43,58695,145],{"class":53},[43,58697,105],{"class":104},[43,58699,346],{"class":53},[43,58701,58702],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58703,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,58705,58706,58708,58710,58712],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,58707,142],{"class":141},[43,58709,145],{"class":53},[43,58711,2871],{"class":148},[43,58713,346],{"class":53},[14,58715,349],{},[34,58717,58718],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58719,58720],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58721,58722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58723,47244],{"class":104},[1499,58725,58727],{"id":58726},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[34,58729,58731],{"className":36,"code":58730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58732,58733,58775,58797,58801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58771,58773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58736,4685],{"class":49},[43,58738,98],{"class":97},[43,58740,101],{"class":53},[43,58742,265],{"class":264},[43,58744,37675],{"class":268},[43,58746,265],{"class":264},[43,58748,108],{"class":53},[43,58750,276],{"class":264},[43,58752,58753],{"class":268},"dog",[43,58755,265],{"class":264},[43,58757,108],{"class":53},[43,58759,276],{"class":264},[43,58761,37675],{"class":268},[43,58763,265],{"class":264},[43,58765,108],{"class":53},[43,58767,276],{"class":264},[43,58769,58770],{"class":268},"bird",[43,58772,265],{"class":264},[43,58774,68],{"class":53},[43,58776,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58778,2836],{"class":49},[43,58780,98],{"class":97},[43,58782,6783],{"class":49},[43,58784,79],{"class":53},[43,58786,41885],{"class":148},[43,58788,145],{"class":53},[43,58790,265],{"class":264},[43,58792,37675],{"class":268},[43,58794,265],{"class":264},[43,58796,346],{"class":53},[43,58798,58799],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58800,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,58802,58803,58805,58807,58809],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,58804,142],{"class":141},[43,58806,145],{"class":53},[43,58808,2871],{"class":148},[43,58810,346],{"class":53},[14,58812,349],{},[34,58814,58815],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58816,58817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58818,58819],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58820,17678],{"class":104},[1499,58822,58824],{"id":58823},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[34,58826,58828],{"className":36,"code":58827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58829,58830,58854,58872,58876],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58831,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58833,94],{"class":49},[43,58835,98],{"class":97},[43,58837,101],{"class":53},[43,58839,154],{"class":104},[43,58841,108],{"class":53},[43,58843,1525],{"class":104},[43,58845,108],{"class":53},[43,58847,1530],{"class":104},[43,58849,108],{"class":53},[43,58851,3064],{"class":104},[43,58853,68],{"class":53},[43,58855,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58857,2836],{"class":49},[43,58859,98],{"class":97},[43,58861,2071],{"class":49},[43,58863,79],{"class":53},[43,58865,41885],{"class":148},[43,58867,145],{"class":53},[43,58869,831],{"class":104},[43,58871,346],{"class":53},[43,58873,58874],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58875,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,58877,58878,58880,58882,58884],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,58879,142],{"class":141},[43,58881,145],{"class":53},[43,58883,2871],{"class":148},[43,58885,346],{"class":53},[14,58887,349],{},[34,58889,58890],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58891,58892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58893,58894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58895,47879],{"class":104},[1499,58897,58899],{"id":58898},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[34,58901,58903],{"className":36,"code":58902,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58904,58905,58951,58973,58977],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58906,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58908,9784],{"class":49},[43,58910,98],{"class":97},[43,58912,56922],{"class":53},[43,58914,154],{"class":104},[43,58916,108],{"class":53},[43,58918,1525],{"class":104},[43,58920,18684],{"class":53},[43,58922,101],{"class":53},[43,58924,154],{"class":104},[43,58926,108],{"class":53},[43,58928,1525],{"class":104},[43,58930,18684],{"class":53},[43,58932,101],{"class":53},[43,58934,201],{"class":104},[43,58936,108],{"class":53},[43,58938,1530],{"class":104},[43,58940,18684],{"class":53},[43,58942,101],{"class":53},[43,58944,154],{"class":104},[43,58946,108],{"class":53},[43,58948,1525],{"class":104},[43,58950,53870],{"class":53},[43,58952,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,58954,2836],{"class":49},[43,58956,98],{"class":97},[43,58958,15191],{"class":49},[43,58960,79],{"class":53},[43,58962,41885],{"class":148},[43,58964,3595],{"class":53},[43,58966,154],{"class":104},[43,58968,108],{"class":53},[43,58970,1525],{"class":104},[43,58972,1547],{"class":53},[43,58974,58975],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,58976,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,58978,58979,58981,58983,58985],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,58980,142],{"class":141},[43,58982,145],{"class":53},[43,58984,2871],{"class":148},[43,58986,346],{"class":53},[14,58988,349],{},[34,58990,58991],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58992,58993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58994,58995],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58996,47244],{"class":104},[81,58998,5576,59000],{"id":58999},"when-to-use-count",[18,59001,57916],{},[14,59003,230,59004,59006],{},[18,59005,57916],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,59008,59009],{},"Good use cases:",[389,59011,59012,59015,59018],{},[392,59013,59014],{},"counting one specific item",[392,59016,59017],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[392,59019,59020],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,59022,494],{},[34,59024,59026],{"className":36,"code":59025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,59027,59028,59069,59093,59097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59029,59030,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59031,59032],{"class":49},"votes ",[43,59034,98],{"class":97},[43,59036,101],{"class":53},[43,59038,265],{"class":264},[43,59040,9277],{"class":268},[43,59042,265],{"class":264},[43,59044,108],{"class":53},[43,59046,276],{"class":264},[43,59048,9216],{"class":268},[43,59050,265],{"class":264},[43,59052,108],{"class":53},[43,59054,276],{"class":264},[43,59056,9277],{"class":268},[43,59058,265],{"class":264},[43,59060,108],{"class":53},[43,59062,276],{"class":264},[43,59064,9277],{"class":268},[43,59066,265],{"class":264},[43,59068,68],{"class":53},[43,59070,59071,59074,59076,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59072,59073],{"class":49},"yes_votes ",[43,59075,98],{"class":97},[43,59077,59078],{"class":49}," votes",[43,59080,79],{"class":53},[43,59082,41885],{"class":148},[43,59084,145],{"class":53},[43,59086,265],{"class":264},[43,59088,9277],{"class":268},[43,59090,265],{"class":264},[43,59092,346],{"class":53},[43,59094,59095],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,59096,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,59098,59099,59101,59103,59106],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,59100,142],{"class":141},[43,59102,145],{"class":53},[43,59104,59105],{"class":148},"yes_votes",[43,59107,346],{"class":53},[14,59109,59110,59112],{},[18,59111,57916],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,59114,59115,59116,1233,59118,79],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[269,59117,53399],{"href":418},[269,59119,59121],{"href":59120},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[81,59123,3438],{"id":3437},[14,59125,9065,59126,79],{},[18,59127,57921],{},[1499,59129,59131],{"id":59130},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,59133,59134,59136],{},[18,59135,57921],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[34,59138,59140],{"className":36,"code":59139,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,59141,59142,59175],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59143,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59145,4685],{"class":49},[43,59147,98],{"class":97},[43,59149,101],{"class":53},[43,59151,265],{"class":264},[43,59153,59154],{"class":268},"apple pie",[43,59156,265],{"class":264},[43,59158,108],{"class":53},[43,59160,276],{"class":264},[43,59162,4703],{"class":268},[43,59164,265],{"class":264},[43,59166,108],{"class":53},[43,59168,276],{"class":264},[43,59170,59154],{"class":268},[43,59172,265],{"class":264},[43,59174,68],{"class":53},[43,59176,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59178,142],{"class":141},[43,59180,145],{"class":53},[43,59182,4729],{"class":148},[43,59184,79],{"class":53},[43,59186,41885],{"class":148},[43,59188,145],{"class":53},[43,59190,265],{"class":264},[43,59192,4694],{"class":268},[43,59194,265],{"class":264},[43,59196,5977],{"class":53},[43,59198,51874],{"class":165},[14,59200,3096,59201,2490],{},[18,59202,1277],{},[14,59204,29686,59205,59207,59208,79],{},[18,59206,58459],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,59209,59210],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,59212,59213,59214,79],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,59215,59216],{},"str.count()",[1499,59218,9071,59220,9074,59222,3486,59224],{"id":59219},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,59221,57916],{},[18,59223,4216],{},[18,59225,4285],{},[14,59227,59228,59230],{},[18,59229,57916],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[34,59232,59234],{"className":36,"code":59233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,59235,59236,59260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59239,94],{"class":49},[43,59241,98],{"class":97},[43,59243,101],{"class":53},[43,59245,154],{"class":104},[43,59247,108],{"class":53},[43,59249,1525],{"class":104},[43,59251,108],{"class":53},[43,59253,1525],{"class":104},[43,59255,108],{"class":53},[43,59257,1530],{"class":104},[43,59259,68],{"class":53},[43,59261,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59263,142],{"class":141},[43,59265,145],{"class":53},[43,59267,149],{"class":148},[43,59269,79],{"class":53},[43,59271,41885],{"class":148},[43,59273,145],{"class":53},[43,59275,201],{"class":104},[43,59277,5977],{"class":53},[43,59279,52042],{"class":165},[14,59281,59282],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[34,59284,59286],{"className":36,"code":59285,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,59287,59288],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59291,142],{"class":141},[43,59293,145],{"class":53},[43,59295,201],{"class":104},[43,59297,21795],{"class":4491},[43,59299,2071],{"class":148},[43,59301,4272],{"class":53},[43,59303,4275],{"class":165},[1499,59305,59307],{"id":59306},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[34,59309,59311],{"className":36,"code":59310,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,59312,59313,59346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59314,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59342,59344],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59316,5610],{"class":49},[43,59318,98],{"class":97},[43,59320,101],{"class":53},[43,59322,265],{"class":264},[43,59324,8295],{"class":268},[43,59326,265],{"class":264},[43,59328,108],{"class":53},[43,59330,276],{"class":264},[43,59332,20840],{"class":268},[43,59334,265],{"class":264},[43,59336,108],{"class":53},[43,59338,276],{"class":264},[43,59340,59341],{"class":268},"SAM",[43,59343,265],{"class":264},[43,59345,68],{"class":53},[43,59347,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59349,142],{"class":141},[43,59351,145],{"class":53},[43,59353,5654],{"class":148},[43,59355,79],{"class":53},[43,59357,41885],{"class":148},[43,59359,145],{"class":53},[43,59361,265],{"class":264},[43,59363,20840],{"class":268},[43,59365,265],{"class":264},[43,59367,5977],{"class":53},[43,59369,28404],{"class":165},[14,59371,59372,59373,59376],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,59374,59375],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1499,59378,30275,59380,34176],{"id":59379},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,59381,57916],{},[14,59383,59384],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[34,59386,59388],{"className":36,"code":59387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,59389,59390,59400,59414,59432,59446,59458],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59391,59392,59394,59396,59398],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59393,142],{"class":141},[43,59395,145],{"class":53},[43,59397,50],{"class":148},[43,59399,346],{"class":53},[43,59401,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59403,142],{"class":141},[43,59405,145],{"class":53},[43,59407,3832],{"class":3510},[43,59409,145],{"class":53},[43,59411,50],{"class":148},[43,59413,2377],{"class":53},[43,59415,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,59417,142],{"class":141},[43,59419,145],{"class":53},[43,59421,50],{"class":148},[43,59423,79],{"class":53},[43,59425,41885],{"class":148},[43,59427,145],{"class":53},[43,59429,3080],{"class":148},[43,59431,2377],{"class":53},[43,59433,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,59435,142],{"class":141},[43,59437,145],{"class":53},[43,59439,3054],{"class":148},[43,59441,4498],{"class":4491},[43,59443,9014],{"class":148},[43,59445,346],{"class":53},[43,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,59449,6574],{"class":4491},[43,59451,6577],{"class":49},[43,59453,4498],{"class":4491},[43,59455,9014],{"class":49},[43,59457,7009],{"class":53},[43,59459,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,59461,8687],{"class":141},[43,59463,145],{"class":53},[43,59465,42405],{"class":141},[43,59467,145],{"class":53},[43,59469,23933],{"class":148},[43,59471,2377],{"class":53},[14,59473,59474],{},"These checks can help you see:",[389,59476,59477,59480,59483],{},[392,59478,59479],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[392,59481,59482],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[392,59484,59485],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59487,59488],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[389,59490,59491,59496,59499,59506],{},[392,59492,51120,59493,59495],{},[18,59494,57916],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[392,59497,59498],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[392,59500,11728,59501,59503,59504],{},[18,59502,57921],{}," with string ",[18,59505,57916],{},[392,59507,59508],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[81,59510,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,59512,13328,59514,59516],{"id":59513},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,59515,57921],{}," change the list?",[14,59518,59519],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1499,59521,59523],{"id":59522},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59525,12534,59526,79],{},[18,59527,1277],{},[1499,59529,5784,59531,59533],{"id":59530},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,59532,57921],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59535,59536],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1499,59538,15527,59540,59542],{"id":59539},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,59541,57921],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59544,42778,59545,1233,59547,59549],{},[18,59546,58462],{},[18,59548,58459],{}," are different values.",[1499,59551,5772,59553,59555,59556,2490],{"id":59552},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,59554,4216],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,59557,154],{},[14,59559,9404,59560,59562,59563,1233,59565,59562,59567,79],{},[18,59561,4216],{}," compares equal to ",[18,59564,154],{},[18,59566,4285],{},[18,59568,1277],{},[81,59570,2497],{"id":2496},[389,59572,59573,59577,59583,59587,59595,59602],{},[392,59574,59575],{},[269,59576,53399],{"href":418},[392,59578,59579],{},[269,59580,59582],{"href":59581},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[392,59584,59585],{},[269,59586,7552],{"href":6812},[392,59588,59589],{},[269,59590,56148,59592,11361],{"href":59591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,59593,59594],{},"index()",[392,59596,59597],{},[269,59598,4187,59600],{"href":59599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,59601,2448],{},[392,59603,59604],{},[269,59605,59606],{"href":59120},"What is a list in Python",[2536,59608,59609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":59611},[59612,59613,59615,59616,59617,59623,59629,59631,59639,59650],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":58013,"depth":131,"text":59614},"What list.count() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648},{"id":58335,"depth":131,"text":58336,"children":59618},[59619,59620,59622],{"id":58367,"depth":138,"text":58368},{"id":58466,"depth":138,"text":59621},"1 and True can match",{"id":58565,"depth":138,"text":58566},{"id":58643,"depth":131,"text":58644,"children":59624},[59625,59626,59627,59628],{"id":58647,"depth":138,"text":58648},{"id":58726,"depth":138,"text":58727},{"id":58823,"depth":138,"text":58824},{"id":58898,"depth":138,"text":58899},{"id":58999,"depth":131,"text":59630},"When to use count()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":59632},[59633,59634,59636,59637],{"id":59130,"depth":138,"text":59131},{"id":59219,"depth":138,"text":59635},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59306,"depth":138,"text":59307},{"id":59379,"depth":138,"text":59638},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":59640},[59641,59643,59644,59646,59648],{"id":59513,"depth":138,"text":59642},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59522,"depth":138,"text":59523},{"id":59530,"depth":138,"text":59645},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59539,"depth":138,"text":59647},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59552,"depth":138,"text":59649},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57908,"description":59651},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59658,"title":59659,"body":59660,"description":61621,"extension":2572,"meta":61622,"navigation":134,"path":61623,"seo":61624,"stem":61625,"__hash__":61626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59661,"toc":61584},[59662,59665,59668,59670,59798,59802,59883,59894,59896,59915,59919,59922,59925,59943,59945,59988,59992,60017,60026,60030,60035,60038,60155,60159,60228,60232,60244,60248,60251,60292,60296,60309,60312,60397,60401,60434,60441,60447,60452,60454,60466,60470,60503,60507,60539,60543,60580,60584,60604,60608,60642,60646,60675,60686,60690,60693,60696,60709,60766,60770,60809,60815,60818,60820,60823,60827,60830,60855,60857,60882,60889,60892,60937,60941,60960,60963,61002,61009,61014,61048,61052,61152,61159,61192,61196,61222,61226,61229,61267,61270,61307,61311,61314,61332,61336,61397,61399,61417,61421,61424,61427,61456,61458,61462,61465,61473,61477,61480,61500,61506,61512,61516,61519,61526,61534,61536,61575,61581],[10,59663,59659],{"id":59664},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59666,59667],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[81,59669,4221],{"id":4220},[34,59671,59673],{"className":36,"code":59672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59674,59675,59695,59727,59735,59753,59757,59767,59777,59788],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59676,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59678,94],{"class":49},[43,59680,98],{"class":97},[43,59682,101],{"class":53},[43,59684,154],{"class":104},[43,59686,108],{"class":53},[43,59688,1525],{"class":104},[43,59690,108],{"class":53},[43,59692,1530],{"class":104},[43,59694,68],{"class":53},[43,59696,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59698,5610],{"class":49},[43,59700,98],{"class":97},[43,59702,101],{"class":53},[43,59704,265],{"class":264},[43,59706,13505],{"class":268},[43,59708,265],{"class":264},[43,59710,108],{"class":53},[43,59712,276],{"class":264},[43,59714,36571],{"class":268},[43,59716,265],{"class":264},[43,59718,108],{"class":53},[43,59720,276],{"class":264},[43,59722,36580],{"class":268},[43,59724,265],{"class":264},[43,59726,68],{"class":53},[43,59728,59729,59731,59733],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,59730,56559],{"class":49},[43,59732,98],{"class":97},[43,59734,8456],{"class":53},[43,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,59738,257],{"class":49},[43,59740,98],{"class":97},[43,59742,23182],{"class":3510},[43,59744,145],{"class":53},[43,59746,265],{"class":264},[43,59748,42186],{"class":268},[43,59750,265],{"class":264},[43,59752,346],{"class":53},[43,59754,59755],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,59756,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,59758,59759,59761,59763,59765],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,59760,142],{"class":141},[43,59762,145],{"class":53},[43,59764,149],{"class":148},[43,59766,346],{"class":53},[43,59768,59769,59771,59773,59775],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,59770,142],{"class":141},[43,59772,145],{"class":53},[43,59774,5654],{"class":148},[43,59776,346],{"class":53},[43,59778,59779,59781,59783,59786],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,59780,142],{"class":141},[43,59782,145],{"class":53},[43,59784,59785],{"class":148},"empty_list",[43,59787,346],{"class":53},[43,59789,59790,59792,59794,59796],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,59791,142],{"class":141},[43,59793,145],{"class":53},[43,59795,1079],{"class":148},[43,59797,346],{"class":53},[14,59799,59800],{},[76,59801,349],{},[34,59803,59805],{"className":36,"code":59804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59806,59807,59823,59851,59855],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59808,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59810,54],{"class":53},[43,59812,154],{"class":104},[43,59814,108],{"class":53},[43,59816,1525],{"class":104},[43,59818,108],{"class":53},[43,59820,1530],{"class":104},[43,59822,68],{"class":53},[43,59824,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59826,54],{"class":53},[43,59828,361],{"class":264},[43,59830,13505],{"class":268},[43,59832,361],{"class":264},[43,59834,108],{"class":53},[43,59836,370],{"class":264},[43,59838,36571],{"class":268},[43,59840,361],{"class":264},[43,59842,108],{"class":53},[43,59844,370],{"class":264},[43,59846,36580],{"class":268},[43,59848,361],{"class":264},[43,59850,68],{"class":53},[43,59852,59853],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,59854,1778],{"class":53},[43,59856,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,59858,54],{"class":53},[43,59860,361],{"class":264},[43,59862,269],{"class":268},[43,59864,361],{"class":264},[43,59866,108],{"class":53},[43,59868,370],{"class":264},[43,59870,279],{"class":268},[43,59872,361],{"class":264},[43,59874,108],{"class":53},[43,59876,370],{"class":264},[43,59878,288],{"class":268},[43,59880,361],{"class":264},[43,59882,68],{"class":53},[14,59884,59885,59886,59888,59889,59891,59892,79],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59887,4400],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59890,25404],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59893,36826],{},[81,59895,15786],{"id":15785},[389,59897,59898,59901,59904,59907,59912],{},[392,59899,59900],{},"What a list is in Python",[392,59902,59903],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[392,59905,59906],{},"How to create an empty list",[392,59908,59909,59910,2910],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59911,25404],{},[392,59913,59914],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[81,59916,59918],{"id":59917},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59920,59921],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59923,59924],{},"This means:",[389,59926,59927,59930,59933,59936],{},[392,59928,59929],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[392,59931,59932],{},"The order of items is kept",[392,59934,59935],{},"A list can hold different data types",[392,59937,59938,59939,59942],{},"A list is ",[76,59940,59941],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59944,494],{},[34,59946,59948],{"className":36,"code":59947,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59949,59950,59974,59978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59951,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59953,8398],{"class":49},[43,59955,98],{"class":97},[43,59957,101],{"class":53},[43,59959,265],{"class":264},[43,59961,4694],{"class":268},[43,59963,265],{"class":264},[43,59965,108],{"class":53},[43,59967,977],{"class":104},[43,59969,108],{"class":53},[43,59971,4530],{"class":4466},[43,59973,68],{"class":53},[43,59975,59976],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,59977,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,59979,59980,59982,59984,59986],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,59981,142],{"class":141},[43,59983,145],{"class":53},[43,59985,8427],{"class":148},[43,59987,346],{"class":53},[14,59989,59990],{},[76,59991,349],{},[34,59993,59995],{"className":36,"code":59994,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59996,59997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59998,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60000,54],{"class":53},[43,60002,361],{"class":264},[43,60004,4694],{"class":268},[43,60006,361],{"class":264},[43,60008,108],{"class":53},[43,60010,977],{"class":104},[43,60012,108],{"class":53},[43,60014,4530],{"class":4466},[43,60016,68],{"class":53},[14,60018,60019,60020,3486,60023,79],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[269,60021,60022],{"href":418},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[269,60024,60025],{"href":59120},"What is a List in Python?",[81,60027,60029],{"id":60028},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,60031,59885,60032,60034],{},[18,60033,4400],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,60036,60037],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[34,60039,60041],{"className":36,"code":60040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,60042,60043,60063,60095,60120,60124,60134,60144],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60044,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60046,94],{"class":49},[43,60048,98],{"class":97},[43,60050,101],{"class":53},[43,60052,154],{"class":104},[43,60054,108],{"class":53},[43,60056,1525],{"class":104},[43,60058,108],{"class":53},[43,60060,1530],{"class":104},[43,60062,68],{"class":53},[43,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60066,5610],{"class":49},[43,60068,98],{"class":97},[43,60070,101],{"class":53},[43,60072,265],{"class":264},[43,60074,13505],{"class":268},[43,60076,265],{"class":264},[43,60078,108],{"class":53},[43,60080,276],{"class":264},[43,60082,36571],{"class":268},[43,60084,265],{"class":264},[43,60086,108],{"class":53},[43,60088,276],{"class":264},[43,60090,36580],{"class":268},[43,60092,265],{"class":264},[43,60094,68],{"class":53},[43,60096,60097,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60098,60099],{"class":49},"mixed ",[43,60101,98],{"class":97},[43,60103,101],{"class":53},[43,60105,105],{"class":104},[43,60107,108],{"class":53},[43,60109,276],{"class":264},[43,60111,4459],{"class":268},[43,60113,265],{"class":264},[43,60115,108],{"class":53},[43,60117,4521],{"class":4466},[43,60119,68],{"class":53},[43,60121,60122],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,60123,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60125,60126,60128,60130,60132],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,60127,142],{"class":141},[43,60129,145],{"class":53},[43,60131,149],{"class":148},[43,60133,346],{"class":53},[43,60135,60136,60138,60140,60142],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,60137,142],{"class":141},[43,60139,145],{"class":53},[43,60141,5654],{"class":148},[43,60143,346],{"class":53},[43,60145,60146,60148,60150,60153],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,60147,142],{"class":141},[43,60149,145],{"class":53},[43,60151,60152],{"class":148},"mixed",[43,60154,346],{"class":53},[14,60156,60157],{},[76,60158,349],{},[34,60160,60162],{"className":36,"code":60161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,60163,60164,60180,60208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60165,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60167,54],{"class":53},[43,60169,154],{"class":104},[43,60171,108],{"class":53},[43,60173,1525],{"class":104},[43,60175,108],{"class":53},[43,60177,1530],{"class":104},[43,60179,68],{"class":53},[43,60181,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60183,54],{"class":53},[43,60185,361],{"class":264},[43,60187,13505],{"class":268},[43,60189,361],{"class":264},[43,60191,108],{"class":53},[43,60193,370],{"class":264},[43,60195,36571],{"class":268},[43,60197,361],{"class":264},[43,60199,108],{"class":53},[43,60201,370],{"class":264},[43,60203,36580],{"class":268},[43,60205,361],{"class":264},[43,60207,68],{"class":53},[43,60209,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60211,54],{"class":53},[43,60213,105],{"class":104},[43,60215,108],{"class":53},[43,60217,370],{"class":264},[43,60219,4459],{"class":268},[43,60221,361],{"class":264},[43,60223,108],{"class":53},[43,60225,4521],{"class":4466},[43,60227,68],{"class":53},[1499,60229,60231],{"id":60230},"key-points","Key points",[389,60233,60234,60239,60241],{},[392,60235,230,60236,60238],{},[18,60237,4400],{}," to make a new list",[392,60240,16055],{},[392,60242,60243],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[81,60245,60247],{"id":60246},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,60249,60250],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[34,60252,60254],{"className":36,"code":60253,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,60255,60256,60264,60268,60278],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60257,60258,60260,60262],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60259,8927],{"class":49},[43,60261,98],{"class":97},[43,60263,8456],{"class":53},[43,60265,60266],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60269,60270,60272,60274,60276],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60271,142],{"class":141},[43,60273,145],{"class":53},[43,60275,50],{"class":148},[43,60277,346],{"class":53},[43,60279,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,60281,142],{"class":141},[43,60283,145],{"class":53},[43,60285,2370],{"class":141},[43,60287,145],{"class":53},[43,60289,50],{"class":148},[43,60291,2377],{"class":53},[14,60293,60294],{},[76,60295,349],{},[34,60297,60299],{"className":36,"code":60298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[]\n0\n",[18,60300,60301,60305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60302,60303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60304,1778],{"class":53},[43,60306,60307],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60308,47879],{"class":104},[14,60310,60311],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[34,60313,60315],{"className":36,"code":60314,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,60316,60317,60325,60329,60347,60365,60383,60387],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60318,60319,60321,60323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60320,5610],{"class":49},[43,60322,98],{"class":97},[43,60324,8456],{"class":53},[43,60326,60327],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60328,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60330,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60332,5654],{"class":49},[43,60334,79],{"class":53},[43,60336,14178],{"class":148},[43,60338,145],{"class":53},[43,60340,265],{"class":264},[43,60342,13505],{"class":268},[43,60344,265],{"class":264},[43,60346,346],{"class":53},[43,60348,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,60350,5654],{"class":49},[43,60352,79],{"class":53},[43,60354,14178],{"class":148},[43,60356,145],{"class":53},[43,60358,265],{"class":264},[43,60360,36571],{"class":268},[43,60362,265],{"class":264},[43,60364,346],{"class":53},[43,60366,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,60368,5654],{"class":49},[43,60370,79],{"class":53},[43,60372,14178],{"class":148},[43,60374,145],{"class":53},[43,60376,265],{"class":264},[43,60378,36580],{"class":268},[43,60380,265],{"class":264},[43,60382,346],{"class":53},[43,60384,60385],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,60386,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60388,60389,60391,60393,60395],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,60390,142],{"class":141},[43,60392,145],{"class":53},[43,60394,5654],{"class":148},[43,60396,346],{"class":53},[14,60398,60399],{},[76,60400,349],{},[34,60402,60404],{"className":36,"code":60403,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,60405,60406],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60407,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60409,54],{"class":53},[43,60411,361],{"class":264},[43,60413,13505],{"class":268},[43,60415,361],{"class":264},[43,60417,108],{"class":53},[43,60419,370],{"class":264},[43,60421,36571],{"class":268},[43,60423,361],{"class":264},[43,60425,108],{"class":53},[43,60427,370],{"class":264},[43,60429,36580],{"class":268},[43,60431,361],{"class":264},[43,60433,68],{"class":53},[14,60435,60436,60437,79],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[269,60438,60439,11361],{"href":57396},[18,60440,53280],{},[81,60442,60444,60445],{"id":60443},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,60446,25404],{},[14,60448,230,60449,60451],{},[18,60450,25404],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,60453,6073],{},[389,60455,60456,60458,60460,60462],{},[392,60457,5924],{},[392,60459,5918],{},[392,60461,5921],{},[392,60463,60464],{},[18,60465,36826],{},[1499,60467,60469],{"id":60468},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[34,60471,60473],{"className":36,"code":60472,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,60474,60475,60493],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60476,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60478,257],{"class":49},[43,60480,98],{"class":97},[43,60482,23182],{"class":3510},[43,60484,145],{"class":53},[43,60486,265],{"class":264},[43,60488,42186],{"class":268},[43,60490,265],{"class":264},[43,60492,346],{"class":53},[43,60494,60495,60497,60499,60501],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60496,142],{"class":141},[43,60498,145],{"class":53},[43,60500,1079],{"class":148},[43,60502,346],{"class":53},[14,60504,60505],{},[76,60506,349],{},[34,60508,60509],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,60510,60511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60512,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60514,54],{"class":53},[43,60516,361],{"class":264},[43,60518,269],{"class":268},[43,60520,361],{"class":264},[43,60522,108],{"class":53},[43,60524,370],{"class":264},[43,60526,279],{"class":268},[43,60528,361],{"class":264},[43,60530,108],{"class":53},[43,60532,370],{"class":264},[43,60534,288],{"class":268},[43,60536,361],{"class":264},[43,60538,68],{"class":53},[1499,60540,60542],{"id":60541},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[34,60544,60546],{"className":36,"code":60545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,60547,60548,60570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60549,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60551,94],{"class":49},[43,60553,98],{"class":97},[43,60555,23182],{"class":3510},[43,60557,6126],{"class":53},[43,60559,154],{"class":104},[43,60561,108],{"class":53},[43,60563,1525],{"class":104},[43,60565,108],{"class":53},[43,60567,1530],{"class":104},[43,60569,2377],{"class":53},[43,60571,60572,60574,60576,60578],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60573,142],{"class":141},[43,60575,145],{"class":53},[43,60577,149],{"class":148},[43,60579,346],{"class":53},[14,60581,60582],{},[76,60583,349],{},[34,60585,60586],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,60587,60588],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60589,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60591,54],{"class":53},[43,60593,154],{"class":104},[43,60595,108],{"class":53},[43,60597,1525],{"class":104},[43,60599,108],{"class":53},[43,60601,1530],{"class":104},[43,60603,68],{"class":53},[1499,60605,60607],{"id":60606},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[34,60609,60611],{"className":36,"code":60610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,60612,60613,60632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60614,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60626,60628,60630],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60616,4436],{"class":49},[43,60618,98],{"class":97},[43,60620,23182],{"class":3510},[43,60622,145],{"class":53},[43,60624,60625],{"class":141},"range",[43,60627,145],{"class":53},[43,60629,831],{"class":104},[43,60631,2377],{"class":53},[43,60633,60634,60636,60638,60640],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60635,142],{"class":141},[43,60637,145],{"class":53},[43,60639,5974],{"class":148},[43,60641,346],{"class":53},[14,60643,60644],{},[76,60645,349],{},[34,60647,60649],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60650,60651],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60652,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60654,54],{"class":53},[43,60656,1277],{"class":104},[43,60658,108],{"class":53},[43,60660,6113],{"class":104},[43,60662,108],{"class":53},[43,60664,1525],{"class":104},[43,60666,108],{"class":53},[43,60668,1530],{"class":104},[43,60670,108],{"class":53},[43,60672,3064],{"class":104},[43,60674,68],{"class":53},[14,60676,60677,60679,60680,79],{},[18,60678,25404],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[269,60681,60683,60685],{"href":60682},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60684,25404],{},": Function Explained",[81,60687,60689],{"id":60688},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60691,60692],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60694,60695],{},"Examples include:",[389,60697,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706],{},[392,60699,5924],{},[392,60701,41051],{},[392,60703,52673],{},[392,60705,41221],{},[392,60707,60708],{},"other lists",[34,60710,60712],{"className":36,"code":60711,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60713,60714,60752,60756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60715,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60717,9784],{"class":49},[43,60719,98],{"class":97},[43,60721,101],{"class":53},[43,60723,265],{"class":264},[43,60725,13505],{"class":268},[43,60727,265],{"class":264},[43,60729,108],{"class":53},[43,60731,9925],{"class":104},[43,60733,108],{"class":53},[43,60735,4530],{"class":4466},[43,60737,108],{"class":53},[43,60739,101],{"class":53},[43,60741,154],{"class":104},[43,60743,108],{"class":53},[43,60745,1525],{"class":104},[43,60747,108],{"class":53},[43,60749,1530],{"class":104},[43,60751,53870],{"class":53},[43,60753,60754],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60755,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60757,60758,60760,60762,60764],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60759,142],{"class":141},[43,60761,145],{"class":53},[43,60763,9823],{"class":148},[43,60765,346],{"class":53},[14,60767,60768],{},[76,60769,349],{},[34,60771,60773],{"className":36,"code":60772,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60774,60775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60776,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60778,54],{"class":53},[43,60780,361],{"class":264},[43,60782,13505],{"class":268},[43,60784,361],{"class":264},[43,60786,108],{"class":53},[43,60788,9925],{"class":104},[43,60790,108],{"class":53},[43,60792,4530],{"class":4466},[43,60794,108],{"class":53},[43,60796,101],{"class":53},[43,60798,154],{"class":104},[43,60800,108],{"class":53},[43,60802,1525],{"class":104},[43,60804,108],{"class":53},[43,60806,1530],{"class":104},[43,60808,53870],{"class":53},[14,60810,60811,60812,79],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[76,60813,60814],{},"nested list",[14,60816,60817],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[81,60819,5134],{"id":5133},[14,60821,60822],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1499,60824,60826],{"id":60825},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60828,60829],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[34,60831,60833],{"className":36,"code":60832,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60834,60835,60839],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60836,60837],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60838,5151],{"class":165},[43,60840,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60842,94],{"class":49},[43,60844,98],{"class":97},[43,60846,101],{"class":53},[43,60848,154],{"class":104},[43,60850,1525],{"class":104},[43,60852,1530],{"class":104},[43,60854,68],{"class":53},[14,60856,11428],{},[34,60858,60860],{"className":36,"code":60859,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60861,60862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60863,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878,60880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60865,94],{"class":49},[43,60867,98],{"class":97},[43,60869,101],{"class":53},[43,60871,154],{"class":104},[43,60873,108],{"class":53},[43,60875,1525],{"class":104},[43,60877,108],{"class":53},[43,60879,1530],{"class":104},[43,60881,68],{"class":53},[1499,60883,2445,60885,11713,60887],{"id":60884},"using-instead-of",[18,60886,7983],{},[18,60888,4400],{},[14,60890,60891],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[34,60893,60895],{"className":36,"code":60894,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60896,60897,60918,60922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60898,60899,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60900,60901],{"class":49},"my_values ",[43,60903,98],{"class":97},[43,60905,9855],{"class":53},[43,60907,154],{"class":104},[43,60909,108],{"class":53},[43,60911,1525],{"class":104},[43,60913,108],{"class":53},[43,60915,1530],{"class":104},[43,60917,346],{"class":53},[43,60919,60920],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,60923,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932,60935],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,60925,142],{"class":141},[43,60927,145],{"class":53},[43,60929,3832],{"class":3510},[43,60931,145],{"class":53},[43,60933,60934],{"class":148},"my_values",[43,60936,2377],{"class":53},[14,60938,60939],{},[76,60940,349],{},[34,60942,60944],{"className":36,"code":60943,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60945,60946],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60947,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60949,3901],{"class":97},[43,60951,3904],{"class":2671},[43,60953,370],{"class":264},[43,60955,49581],{"class":268},[43,60957,361],{"class":264},[43,60959,3913],{"class":97},[14,60961,60962],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[34,60964,60966],{"className":36,"code":60965,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60967,60968,60988],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60969,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60971,60901],{"class":49},[43,60973,98],{"class":97},[43,60975,101],{"class":53},[43,60977,154],{"class":104},[43,60979,108],{"class":53},[43,60981,1525],{"class":104},[43,60983,108],{"class":53},[43,60985,1530],{"class":104},[43,60987,68],{"class":53},[43,60989,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,60991,142],{"class":141},[43,60993,145],{"class":53},[43,60995,3832],{"class":3510},[43,60997,145],{"class":53},[43,60999,60934],{"class":148},[43,61001,2377],{"class":53},[1499,61003,9071,61005,61008],{"id":61004},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,61006,61007],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,61010,61011,61013],{},[18,61012,25404],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[34,61015,61017],{"className":36,"code":61016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,61018,61019,61038],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61020,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61034,61036],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61022,2836],{"class":49},[43,61024,98],{"class":97},[43,61026,23182],{"class":3510},[43,61028,145],{"class":53},[43,61030,265],{"class":264},[43,61032,61033],{"class":268},"hello world",[43,61035,265],{"class":264},[43,61037,346],{"class":53},[43,61039,61040,61042,61044,61046],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61041,142],{"class":141},[43,61043,145],{"class":53},[43,61045,2871],{"class":148},[43,61047,346],{"class":53},[14,61049,61050],{},[76,61051,349],{},[34,61053,61055],{"className":36,"code":61054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,61056,61057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61058,61059,61061,61063,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61100,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127,61129,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61060,54],{"class":53},[43,61062,361],{"class":264},[43,61064,61065],{"class":268},"h",[43,61067,361],{"class":264},[43,61069,108],{"class":53},[43,61071,370],{"class":264},[43,61073,306],{"class":268},[43,61075,361],{"class":264},[43,61077,108],{"class":53},[43,61079,370],{"class":264},[43,61081,61082],{"class":268},"l",[43,61084,361],{"class":264},[43,61086,108],{"class":53},[43,61088,370],{"class":264},[43,61090,61082],{"class":268},[43,61092,361],{"class":264},[43,61094,108],{"class":53},[43,61096,370],{"class":264},[43,61098,61099],{"class":268},"o",[43,61101,361],{"class":264},[43,61103,108],{"class":53},[43,61105,370],{"class":264},[43,61107,370],{"class":264},[43,61109,108],{"class":53},[43,61111,370],{"class":264},[43,61113,61114],{"class":268},"w",[43,61116,361],{"class":264},[43,61118,108],{"class":53},[43,61120,370],{"class":264},[43,61122,61099],{"class":268},[43,61124,361],{"class":264},[43,61126,108],{"class":53},[43,61128,370],{"class":264},[43,61130,61131],{"class":268},"r",[43,61133,361],{"class":264},[43,61135,108],{"class":53},[43,61137,370],{"class":264},[43,61139,61082],{"class":268},[43,61141,361],{"class":264},[43,61143,108],{"class":53},[43,61145,370],{"class":264},[43,61147,297],{"class":268},[43,61149,361],{"class":264},[43,61151,68],{"class":53},[14,61153,61154,61155,61158],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,61156,61157],{},"split()"," instead:",[34,61160,61162],{"className":36,"code":61161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,61163,61164,61182],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61165,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61167,4685],{"class":49},[43,61169,98],{"class":97},[43,61171,276],{"class":264},[43,61173,61033],{"class":268},[43,61175,265],{"class":264},[43,61177,79],{"class":53},[43,61179,35097],{"class":148},[43,61181,9262],{"class":53},[43,61183,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61185,142],{"class":141},[43,61187,145],{"class":53},[43,61189,4729],{"class":148},[43,61191,346],{"class":53},[14,61193,61194],{},[76,61195,349],{},[34,61197,61199],{"className":36,"code":61198,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,61200,61201],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215,61218,61220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61204,54],{"class":53},[43,61206,361],{"class":264},[43,61208,4459],{"class":268},[43,61210,361],{"class":264},[43,61212,108],{"class":53},[43,61214,370],{"class":264},[43,61216,61217],{"class":268},"world",[43,61219,361],{"class":264},[43,61221,68],{"class":53},[1499,61223,61225],{"id":61224},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,61227,61228],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[34,61230,61232],{"className":36,"code":61231,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,61233,61234,61238],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61235,61236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61237,5151],{"class":165},[43,61239,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254,61256,61259,61261,61263,61265],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61241,5610],{"class":49},[43,61243,98],{"class":97},[43,61245,101],{"class":53},[43,61247,265],{"class":264},[43,61249,13505],{"class":268},[43,61251,265],{"class":264},[43,61253,108],{"class":53},[43,61255,276],{"class":264},[43,61257,61258],{"class":268},"Ben', ",[43,61260,265],{"class":264},[43,61262,36580],{"class":49},[43,61264,265],{"class":264},[43,61266,68],{"class":268},[14,61268,61269],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[34,61271,61273],{"className":36,"code":61272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,61274,61275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61276,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61278,5610],{"class":49},[43,61280,98],{"class":97},[43,61282,101],{"class":53},[43,61284,265],{"class":264},[43,61286,13505],{"class":268},[43,61288,265],{"class":264},[43,61290,108],{"class":53},[43,61292,276],{"class":264},[43,61294,36571],{"class":268},[43,61296,265],{"class":264},[43,61298,108],{"class":53},[43,61300,276],{"class":264},[43,61302,36580],{"class":268},[43,61304,265],{"class":264},[43,61306,68],{"class":53},[1499,61308,61310],{"id":61309},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,61312,61313],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[389,61315,61316,61318,61321,61326],{},[392,61317,1854],{},[392,61319,61320],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[392,61322,61323,61324],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,61325,25404],{},[392,61327,9071,61328,61331],{},[18,61329,61330],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1499,61333,61335],{"id":61334},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[34,61337,61339],{"className":36,"code":61338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,61340,61341,61351,61365,61379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61342,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61344,142],{"class":141},[43,61346,145],{"class":53},[43,61348,50],{"class":148},[43,61350,346],{"class":53},[43,61352,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61354,142],{"class":141},[43,61356,145],{"class":53},[43,61358,3832],{"class":3510},[43,61360,145],{"class":53},[43,61362,50],{"class":148},[43,61364,2377],{"class":53},[43,61366,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,61368,142],{"class":141},[43,61370,145],{"class":53},[43,61372,2370],{"class":141},[43,61374,145],{"class":53},[43,61376,50],{"class":148},[43,61378,2377],{"class":53},[43,61380,61381,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,61382,142],{"class":141},[43,61384,145],{"class":53},[43,61386,8712],{"class":3510},[43,61388,145],{"class":53},[43,61390,60625],{"class":141},[43,61392,145],{"class":53},[43,61394,831],{"class":104},[43,61396,3521],{"class":53},[14,61398,26632],{},[389,61400,61401,61404,61407,61410],{},[392,61402,61403],{},"what the list contains",[392,61405,61406],{},"whether the value is really a list",[392,61408,61409],{},"how many items it has",[392,61411,26643,61412,61414,61415],{},[18,61413,25404],{}," does with ",[18,61416,36826],{},[81,61418,61420],{"id":61419},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,61422,61423],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,61425,61426],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[389,61428,61429,61444,61449],{},[392,61430,230,61431,21,61435,25,61439,61443],{},[269,61432,61433],{"href":57396},[18,61434,53280],{},[269,61436,61437],{"href":53972},[18,61438,54074],{},[269,61440,61441],{"href":54536},[18,61442,54896],{}," to add items later",[392,61445,230,61446,61448],{},[269,61447,60022],{"href":418}," for a broader introduction",[392,61450,230,61451,61455],{},[269,61452,61453,60685],{"href":60682},[18,61454,25404],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[81,61457,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,61459,61461],{"id":61460},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61463,61464],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[34,61466,61467],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,61468,61469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61470,61471],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61472,1778],{"class":53},[1499,61474,61476],{"id":61475},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61478,61479],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[34,61481,61482],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,61483,61484],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61485,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61487,54],{"class":53},[43,61489,154],{"class":104},[43,61491,108],{"class":53},[43,61493,1525],{"class":104},[43,61495,108],{"class":53},[43,61497,1530],{"class":104},[43,61499,68],{"class":53},[1499,61501,2476,61503,61505],{"id":61502},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,61504,25404],{}," do in Python?",[14,61507,61508,61509,61511],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,61510,36826],{},", into a list.",[1499,61513,61515],{"id":61514},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61517,61518],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1499,61520,5794,61522,1233,61524,2490],{"id":61521},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,61523,4400],{},[18,61525,7983],{},[14,61527,61528,61530,61531,61533],{},[18,61529,4400],{}," creates a list. ",[18,61532,7983],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[81,61535,2497],{"id":2496},[389,61537,61538,61542,61548,61554,61560,61566,61570],{},[392,61539,61540],{},[269,61541,60022],{"href":418},[392,61543,61544],{},[269,61545,56148,61546,11943],{"href":57396},[18,61547,53280],{},[392,61549,61550],{},[269,61551,56148,61552,11943],{"href":53972},[18,61553,54074],{},[392,61555,61556],{},[269,61557,56148,61558,11943],{"href":54536},[18,61559,54896],{},[392,61561,61562],{},[269,61563,4187,61564,4191],{"href":60682},[18,61565,25404],{},[392,61567,61568],{},[269,61569,60025],{"href":59120},[392,61571,61572],{},[269,61573,61574],{"href":12688},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61576,61577,61578,61580],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,61579,53280],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2536,61582,61583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":61585},[61586,61587,61588,61589,61592,61593,61599,61600,61610,61611,61620],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":59917,"depth":131,"text":59918},{"id":60028,"depth":131,"text":60029,"children":61590},[61591],{"id":60230,"depth":138,"text":60231},{"id":60246,"depth":131,"text":60247},{"id":60443,"depth":131,"text":61594,"children":61595},"Create a list with list()",[61596,61597,61598],{"id":60468,"depth":138,"text":60469},{"id":60541,"depth":138,"text":60542},{"id":60606,"depth":138,"text":60607},{"id":60688,"depth":131,"text":60689},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":61601},[61602,61603,61605,61607,61608,61609],{"id":60825,"depth":138,"text":60826},{"id":60884,"depth":138,"text":61604},"Using () instead of []",{"id":61004,"depth":138,"text":61606},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61224,"depth":138,"text":61225},{"id":61309,"depth":138,"text":61310},{"id":61334,"depth":138,"text":61335},{"id":61419,"depth":131,"text":61420},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":61612},[61613,61614,61615,61617,61618],{"id":61460,"depth":138,"text":61461},{"id":61475,"depth":138,"text":61476},{"id":61502,"depth":138,"text":61616},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61514,"depth":138,"text":61515},{"id":61521,"depth":138,"text":61619},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59659,"description":61621},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61628,"title":61629,"body":61630,"description":63371,"extension":2572,"meta":63372,"navigation":134,"path":63373,"seo":63374,"stem":63375,"__hash__":63376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61631,"toc":63326},[61632,61637,61642,61645,61647,61718,61723,61728,61732,61746,61751,61753,61773,61778,61781,61804,61808,61813,61905,61907,61929,61935,61941,61948,61955,61961,62018,62024,62082,62084,62096,62104,62110,62115,62119,62176,62179,62183,62242,62245,62249,62307,62319,62323,62376,62379,62383,62389,62395,62457,62460,62521,62524,62580,62585,62587,62591,62598,62659,62664,62673,62729,62736,62740,62798,62807,62865,62869,62904,62908,62918,62921,62976,62990,62993,63108,63113,63117,63128,63130,63209,63219,63221,63226,63231,63238,63246,63252,63255,63261,63264,63270,63276,63278,63314,63323],[10,61633,54970,61635,11943],{"id":61634},"python-list-extend-method",[18,61636,54074],{},[14,61638,61639,61641],{},[18,61640,53975],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61643,61644],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[81,61646,84],{"id":83},[34,61648,61650],{"className":36,"code":61649,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61651,61652,61668,61685,61689,61704,61714],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61653,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61655,94],{"class":49},[43,61657,98],{"class":97},[43,61659,101],{"class":53},[43,61661,154],{"class":104},[43,61663,108],{"class":53},[43,61665,1525],{"class":104},[43,61667,68],{"class":53},[43,61669,61670,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61671,61672],{"class":49},"more_numbers ",[43,61674,98],{"class":97},[43,61676,101],{"class":53},[43,61678,181],{"class":104},[43,61680,108],{"class":53},[43,61682,3064],{"class":104},[43,61684,68],{"class":53},[43,61686,61687],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,61688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,61690,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61702],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,61692,149],{"class":49},[43,61694,79],{"class":53},[43,61696,54104],{"class":148},[43,61698,145],{"class":53},[43,61700,61701],{"class":148},"more_numbers",[43,61703,346],{"class":53},[43,61705,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,61707,142],{"class":141},[43,61709,145],{"class":53},[43,61711,149],{"class":148},[43,61713,346],{"class":53},[43,61715,61716],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,61717,53351],{"class":165},[14,61719,230,61720,61722],{},[18,61721,54074],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[81,61724,4289,61726,4292],{"id":61725},"what-listextend-does",[18,61727,53975],{},[14,61729,61730,59],{},[18,61731,54074],{},[389,61733,61734,61737,61739,61742],{},[392,61735,61736],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[392,61738,55056],{},[392,61740,61741],{},"Does not create a new list",[392,61743,12045,61744],{},[18,61745,4391],{},[14,61747,61748,61749,54429],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61750,54074],{},[81,61752,2763],{"id":2762},[34,61754,61756],{"className":36,"code":61755,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61757,61758],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61759,61760,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61761,61762],{"class":49},"list_name",[43,61764,79],{"class":53},[43,61766,54104],{"class":148},[43,61768,145],{"class":53},[43,61770,4333],{"class":148},[43,61772,346],{"class":53},[14,61774,6068,61775,61777],{},[76,61776,4333],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61779,61780],{},"Common iterables include:",[389,61782,61783,61787,61791,61795,61800],{},[392,61784,61785],{},[18,61786,8712],{},[392,61788,61789],{},[18,61790,49581],{},[392,61792,61793],{},[18,61794,6902],{},[392,61796,61797],{},[18,61798,61799],{},"string",[392,61801,61802],{},[18,61803,60625],{},[81,61805,61807],{"id":61806},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61809,61810,61811,59],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61812,54074],{},[34,61814,61816],{"className":36,"code":61815,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61817,61818,61842,61867,61871,61886,61890,61900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61819,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61821,36867],{"class":49},[43,61823,98],{"class":97},[43,61825,101],{"class":53},[43,61827,265],{"class":264},[43,61829,4694],{"class":268},[43,61831,265],{"class":264},[43,61833,108],{"class":53},[43,61835,276],{"class":264},[43,61837,4703],{"class":268},[43,61839,265],{"class":264},[43,61841,68],{"class":53},[43,61843,61844,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61845,61846],{"class":49},"more_fruits ",[43,61848,98],{"class":97},[43,61850,101],{"class":53},[43,61852,265],{"class":264},[43,61854,33848],{"class":268},[43,61856,265],{"class":264},[43,61858,108],{"class":53},[43,61860,276],{"class":264},[43,61862,23155],{"class":268},[43,61864,265],{"class":264},[43,61866,68],{"class":53},[43,61868,61869],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,61870,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,61872,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61884],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,61874,36919],{"class":49},[43,61876,79],{"class":53},[43,61878,54104],{"class":148},[43,61880,145],{"class":53},[43,61882,61883],{"class":148},"more_fruits",[43,61885,346],{"class":53},[43,61887,61888],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,61889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,61891,61892,61894,61896,61898],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,61893,142],{"class":141},[43,61895,145],{"class":53},[43,61897,36919],{"class":148},[43,61899,346],{"class":53},[43,61901,61902],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,61903,61904],{"class":165},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61906,12306],{},[389,61908,61909,61914,61919],{},[392,61910,61911,61913],{},[18,61912,36919],{}," starts with two items",[392,61915,61916,61918],{},[18,61917,61883],{}," has two more items",[392,61920,61921,61923,61924,61926,61927],{},[18,61922,54074],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61925,61883],{}," to ",[18,61928,36919],{},[14,61930,61931,61932,61934],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61933,36919],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61936,55195,61937,1233,61939,79],{},[269,61938,53399],{"href":418},[269,61940,57781],{"href":2509},[81,61942,61944,11205,61946],{"id":61943},"extend-vs-append",[18,61945,54074],{},[18,61947,53280],{},[14,61949,61950,1233,61952,61954],{},[18,61951,54074],{},[18,61953,53280],{}," are often confused.",[1499,61956,61958,61960],{"id":61957},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61959,54074],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[34,61962,61964],{"className":36,"code":61963,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61965,61966,61982,62000,62004,62014],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61969,94],{"class":49},[43,61971,98],{"class":97},[43,61973,101],{"class":53},[43,61975,154],{"class":104},[43,61977,108],{"class":53},[43,61979,1525],{"class":104},[43,61981,68],{"class":53},[43,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,61985,149],{"class":49},[43,61987,79],{"class":53},[43,61989,54104],{"class":148},[43,61991,3595],{"class":53},[43,61993,181],{"class":104},[43,61995,108],{"class":53},[43,61997,3064],{"class":104},[43,61999,1547],{"class":53},[43,62001,62002],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62003,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62007,142],{"class":141},[43,62009,145],{"class":53},[43,62011,149],{"class":148},[43,62013,346],{"class":53},[43,62015,62016],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62017,53351],{"class":165},[1499,62019,62021,62023],{"id":62020},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,62022,53280],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[34,62025,62027],{"className":36,"code":62026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,62028,62029,62045,62063,62067,62077],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62030,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62032,94],{"class":49},[43,62034,98],{"class":97},[43,62036,101],{"class":53},[43,62038,154],{"class":104},[43,62040,108],{"class":53},[43,62042,1525],{"class":104},[43,62044,68],{"class":53},[43,62046,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62048,149],{"class":49},[43,62050,79],{"class":53},[43,62052,14178],{"class":148},[43,62054,3595],{"class":53},[43,62056,181],{"class":104},[43,62058,108],{"class":53},[43,62060,3064],{"class":104},[43,62062,1547],{"class":53},[43,62064,62065],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62066,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62070,142],{"class":141},[43,62072,145],{"class":53},[43,62074,149],{"class":148},[43,62076,346],{"class":53},[43,62078,62079],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62080,62081],{"class":165},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,62083,19317],{},[389,62085,62086,62091],{},[392,62087,62088,62090],{},[18,62089,54074],{}," to combine values",[392,62092,62093,62095],{},[18,62094,53280],{}," to add one item",[14,62097,42719,62098,1233,62102,79],{},[269,62099,56148,62100,11361],{"href":57396},[18,62101,53280],{},[269,62103,53677],{"href":53676},[81,62105,2445,62107,62109],{"id":62106},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,62108,54074],{}," with different iterables",[14,62111,62112,62114],{},[18,62113,54074],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1499,62116,62118],{"id":62117},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[34,62120,62122],{"className":36,"code":62121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,62123,62124,62140,62158,62162,62172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62125,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62127,4436],{"class":49},[43,62129,98],{"class":97},[43,62131,101],{"class":53},[43,62133,154],{"class":104},[43,62135,108],{"class":53},[43,62137,1525],{"class":104},[43,62139,68],{"class":53},[43,62141,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62143,5974],{"class":49},[43,62145,79],{"class":53},[43,62147,54104],{"class":148},[43,62149,6126],{"class":53},[43,62151,181],{"class":104},[43,62153,108],{"class":53},[43,62155,3064],{"class":104},[43,62157,2377],{"class":53},[43,62159,62160],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62161,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62165,142],{"class":141},[43,62167,145],{"class":53},[43,62169,5974],{"class":148},[43,62171,346],{"class":53},[43,62173,62174],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62175,53351],{"class":165},[14,62177,62178],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1499,62180,62182],{"id":62181},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[34,62184,62186],{"className":36,"code":62185,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62187,62188,62204,62223,62227,62237],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62191,257],{"class":49},[43,62193,98],{"class":97},[43,62195,101],{"class":53},[43,62197,265],{"class":264},[43,62199,269],{"class":268},[43,62201,265],{"class":264},[43,62203,68],{"class":53},[43,62205,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216,62219,62221],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62207,1079],{"class":49},[43,62209,79],{"class":53},[43,62211,54104],{"class":148},[43,62213,145],{"class":53},[43,62215,265],{"class":264},[43,62217,62218],{"class":268},"bc",[43,62220,265],{"class":264},[43,62222,346],{"class":53},[43,62224,62225],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62226,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62230,142],{"class":141},[43,62232,145],{"class":53},[43,62234,1079],{"class":148},[43,62236,346],{"class":53},[43,62238,62239],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62240,62241],{"class":165},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,62243,62244],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1499,62246,62248],{"id":62247},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[34,62250,62252],{"className":36,"code":62251,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,62253,62254,62266,62288,62292,62302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62255,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62257,94],{"class":49},[43,62259,98],{"class":97},[43,62261,101],{"class":53},[43,62263,1277],{"class":104},[43,62265,68],{"class":53},[43,62267,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62269,149],{"class":49},[43,62271,79],{"class":53},[43,62273,54104],{"class":148},[43,62275,145],{"class":53},[43,62277,60625],{"class":141},[43,62279,145],{"class":53},[43,62281,154],{"class":104},[43,62283,108],{"class":53},[43,62285,3064],{"class":104},[43,62287,2377],{"class":53},[43,62289,62290],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62291,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62293,62294,62296,62298,62300],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62295,142],{"class":141},[43,62297,145],{"class":53},[43,62299,149],{"class":148},[43,62301,346],{"class":53},[43,62303,62304],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62305,62306],{"class":165},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,62308,62309,62312,62313,21,62315,25,62317,79],{},[18,62310,62311],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,62314,154],{},[18,62316,201],{},[18,62318,181],{},[1499,62320,62322],{"id":62321},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[34,62324,62326],{"className":36,"code":62325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62327,62328,62344,62362,62366],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62329,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340,62342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62331,8398],{"class":49},[43,62333,98],{"class":97},[43,62335,101],{"class":53},[43,62337,154],{"class":104},[43,62339,108],{"class":53},[43,62341,1525],{"class":104},[43,62343,68],{"class":53},[43,62345,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356,62358,62360],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62347,8427],{"class":49},[43,62349,79],{"class":53},[43,62351,54104],{"class":148},[43,62353,6145],{"class":53},[43,62355,181],{"class":104},[43,62357,108],{"class":53},[43,62359,3064],{"class":104},[43,62361,31122],{"class":53},[43,62363,62364],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62367,62368,62370,62372,62374],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62369,142],{"class":141},[43,62371,145],{"class":53},[43,62373,8427],{"class":148},[43,62375,346],{"class":53},[14,62377,62378],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[81,62380,62382],{"id":62381},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,62384,62385,3004,62387,79],{},[18,62386,54074],{},[18,62388,4391],{},[14,62390,62391,62392,59],{},"That means this is ",[76,62393,62394],{},"wrong",[34,62396,62398],{"className":36,"code":62397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,62399,62400,62416,62438,62442,62452],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62401,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62403,94],{"class":49},[43,62405,98],{"class":97},[43,62407,101],{"class":53},[43,62409,154],{"class":104},[43,62411,108],{"class":53},[43,62413,1525],{"class":104},[43,62415,68],{"class":53},[43,62417,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62419,2836],{"class":49},[43,62421,98],{"class":97},[43,62423,2071],{"class":49},[43,62425,79],{"class":53},[43,62427,54104],{"class":148},[43,62429,3595],{"class":53},[43,62431,181],{"class":104},[43,62433,108],{"class":53},[43,62435,3064],{"class":104},[43,62437,1547],{"class":53},[43,62439,62440],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62441,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62443,62444,62446,62448,62450],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62445,142],{"class":141},[43,62447,145],{"class":53},[43,62449,2871],{"class":148},[43,62451,346],{"class":53},[43,62453,62454],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62455,62456],{"class":165},"# None\n",[14,62458,62459],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[34,62461,62463],{"className":36,"code":62462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62464,62465,62481,62503,62507,62517],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62468,94],{"class":49},[43,62470,98],{"class":97},[43,62472,101],{"class":53},[43,62474,154],{"class":104},[43,62476,108],{"class":53},[43,62478,1525],{"class":104},[43,62480,68],{"class":53},[43,62482,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62484,94],{"class":49},[43,62486,98],{"class":97},[43,62488,2071],{"class":49},[43,62490,79],{"class":53},[43,62492,54104],{"class":148},[43,62494,3595],{"class":53},[43,62496,181],{"class":104},[43,62498,108],{"class":53},[43,62500,3064],{"class":104},[43,62502,1547],{"class":53},[43,62504,62505],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62508,62509,62511,62513,62515],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62510,142],{"class":141},[43,62512,145],{"class":53},[43,62514,149],{"class":148},[43,62516,346],{"class":53},[43,62518,62519],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62520,62456],{"class":165},[14,62522,62523],{},"The correct way is:",[34,62525,62526],{"className":36,"code":61963,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,62527,62528,62544,62562,62566,62576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62529,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62531,94],{"class":49},[43,62533,98],{"class":97},[43,62535,101],{"class":53},[43,62537,154],{"class":104},[43,62539,108],{"class":53},[43,62541,1525],{"class":104},[43,62543,68],{"class":53},[43,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62547,149],{"class":49},[43,62549,79],{"class":53},[43,62551,54104],{"class":148},[43,62553,3595],{"class":53},[43,62555,181],{"class":104},[43,62557,108],{"class":53},[43,62559,3064],{"class":104},[43,62561,1547],{"class":53},[43,62563,62564],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62565,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62567,62568,62570,62572,62574],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62569,142],{"class":141},[43,62571,145],{"class":53},[43,62573,149],{"class":148},[43,62575,346],{"class":53},[43,62577,62578],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62579,53351],{"class":165},[14,62581,56537,62582,62584],{},[18,62583,54074],{}," first, then use the original list.",[81,62586,5134],{"id":5133},[14,62588,15358,62589,79],{},[18,62590,54074],{},[1499,62592,62594,62595,62597],{"id":62593},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,62596,54074],{}," to return a new list",[34,62599,62601],{"className":36,"code":62600,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62602,62603,62619,62641,62645,62655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62606,94],{"class":49},[43,62608,98],{"class":97},[43,62610,101],{"class":53},[43,62612,154],{"class":104},[43,62614,108],{"class":53},[43,62616,1525],{"class":104},[43,62618,68],{"class":53},[43,62620,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62622,56270],{"class":49},[43,62624,98],{"class":97},[43,62626,2071],{"class":49},[43,62628,79],{"class":53},[43,62630,54104],{"class":148},[43,62632,3595],{"class":53},[43,62634,181],{"class":104},[43,62636,108],{"class":53},[43,62638,3064],{"class":104},[43,62640,1547],{"class":53},[43,62642,62643],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62644,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62646,62647,62649,62651,62653],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62648,142],{"class":141},[43,62650,145],{"class":53},[43,62652,56289],{"class":148},[43,62654,346],{"class":53},[43,62656,62657],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62658,62456],{"class":165},[14,62660,62661,62662,79],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62663,54074],{},[1499,62665,62667,62668,45256,62670,62672],{"id":62666},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62669,53280],{},[18,62671,54074],{}," is needed",[34,62674,62675],{"className":36,"code":62026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,62676,62677,62693,62711,62715,62725],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62678,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62680,94],{"class":49},[43,62682,98],{"class":97},[43,62684,101],{"class":53},[43,62686,154],{"class":104},[43,62688,108],{"class":53},[43,62690,1525],{"class":104},[43,62692,68],{"class":53},[43,62694,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62696,149],{"class":49},[43,62698,79],{"class":53},[43,62700,14178],{"class":148},[43,62702,3595],{"class":53},[43,62704,181],{"class":104},[43,62706,108],{"class":53},[43,62708,3064],{"class":104},[43,62710,1547],{"class":53},[43,62712,62713],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62716,62717,62719,62721,62723],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62718,142],{"class":141},[43,62720,145],{"class":53},[43,62722,149],{"class":148},[43,62724,346],{"class":53},[43,62726,62727],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62728,62081],{"class":165},[14,62730,62731,62732,54519,62734,7247],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62733,54518],{},[18,62735,54074],{},[1499,62737,62739],{"id":62738},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[34,62741,62743],{"className":36,"code":62742,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62744,62745,62761,62779,62783,62793],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62746,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62748,4685],{"class":49},[43,62750,98],{"class":97},[43,62752,101],{"class":53},[43,62754,265],{"class":264},[43,62756,4459],{"class":268},[43,62758,265],{"class":264},[43,62760,68],{"class":53},[43,62762,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62764,4729],{"class":49},[43,62766,79],{"class":53},[43,62768,54104],{"class":148},[43,62770,145],{"class":53},[43,62772,265],{"class":264},[43,62774,61217],{"class":268},[43,62776,265],{"class":264},[43,62778,346],{"class":53},[43,62780,62781],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62782,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62784,62785,62787,62789,62791],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62786,142],{"class":141},[43,62788,145],{"class":53},[43,62790,4729],{"class":148},[43,62792,346],{"class":53},[43,62794,62795],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62796,62797],{"class":165},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62799,62800,62801,62804,62805,59],{},"If you want ",[18,62802,62803],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62806,53280],{},[34,62808,62810],{"className":36,"code":62809,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62811,62812,62828,62846,62850,62860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62813,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62815,4685],{"class":49},[43,62817,98],{"class":97},[43,62819,101],{"class":53},[43,62821,265],{"class":264},[43,62823,4459],{"class":268},[43,62825,265],{"class":264},[43,62827,68],{"class":53},[43,62829,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62831,4729],{"class":49},[43,62833,79],{"class":53},[43,62835,14178],{"class":148},[43,62837,145],{"class":53},[43,62839,265],{"class":264},[43,62841,61217],{"class":268},[43,62843,265],{"class":264},[43,62845,346],{"class":53},[43,62847,62848],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62849,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,62851,62852,62854,62856,62858],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62853,142],{"class":141},[43,62855,145],{"class":53},[43,62857,4729],{"class":148},[43,62859,346],{"class":53},[43,62861,62862],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,62863,62864],{"class":165},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1499,62866,62868],{"id":62867},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[34,62870,62872],{"className":36,"code":62871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62873,62874,62890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62875,62876,62878,62880,62882,62884,62886,62888],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62877,94],{"class":49},[43,62879,98],{"class":97},[43,62881,101],{"class":53},[43,62883,154],{"class":104},[43,62885,108],{"class":53},[43,62887,1525],{"class":104},[43,62889,68],{"class":53},[43,62891,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62893,149],{"class":49},[43,62895,79],{"class":53},[43,62897,54104],{"class":148},[43,62899,145],{"class":53},[43,62901,831],{"class":104},[43,62903,346],{"class":53},[14,62905,40281,62906,7167],{},[18,62907,831],{},[14,62909,62910,62911,62913,62914,62917],{},"You will get a ",[18,62912,3614],{},". See ",[269,62915,62916],{"href":53227},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62919,62920],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[34,62922,62924],{"className":36,"code":62923,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62925,62926,62936,62950,62962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62927,62928,62930,62932,62934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62929,142],{"class":141},[43,62931,145],{"class":53},[43,62933,50],{"class":148},[43,62935,346],{"class":53},[43,62937,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,62939,142],{"class":141},[43,62941,145],{"class":53},[43,62943,3832],{"class":3510},[43,62945,145],{"class":53},[43,62947,5974],{"class":148},[43,62949,2377],{"class":53},[43,62951,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,62953,142],{"class":141},[43,62955,145],{"class":53},[43,62957,2871],{"class":148},[43,62959,4272],{"class":53},[43,62961,346],{"class":49},[43,62963,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,62965,32779],{"class":141},[43,62967,145],{"class":53},[43,62969,8712],{"class":3510},[43,62971,79],{"class":53},[43,62973,54104],{"class":25373},[43,62975,346],{"class":53},[44206,62977,62978],{},[14,62979,62980,62981,62984,62985,62987,62988,79],{},"Note: ",[18,62982,62983],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62986,4272],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62989,33654],{},[14,62991,62992],{},"Correct debugging example:",[34,62994,62996],{"className":36,"code":62995,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62997,62998,63014,63030,63034,63048,63052,63060,63070,63084,63094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62999,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63001,8927],{"class":49},[43,63003,98],{"class":97},[43,63005,101],{"class":53},[43,63007,154],{"class":104},[43,63009,108],{"class":53},[43,63011,1525],{"class":104},[43,63013,68],{"class":53},[43,63015,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63017,4436],{"class":49},[43,63019,98],{"class":97},[43,63021,101],{"class":53},[43,63023,181],{"class":104},[43,63025,108],{"class":53},[43,63027,3064],{"class":104},[43,63029,68],{"class":53},[43,63031,63032],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,63033,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,63037,50],{"class":49},[43,63039,79],{"class":53},[43,63041,54104],{"class":148},[43,63043,145],{"class":53},[43,63045,5974],{"class":148},[43,63047,346],{"class":53},[43,63049,63050],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,63051,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63053,63054,63056,63058],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,63055,2836],{"class":49},[43,63057,98],{"class":97},[43,63059,49155],{"class":4466},[43,63061,63062,63064,63066,63068],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,63063,142],{"class":141},[43,63065,145],{"class":53},[43,63067,50],{"class":148},[43,63069,346],{"class":53},[43,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,63073,142],{"class":141},[43,63075,145],{"class":53},[43,63077,3832],{"class":3510},[43,63079,145],{"class":53},[43,63081,5974],{"class":148},[43,63083,2377],{"class":53},[43,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,63087,142],{"class":141},[43,63089,145],{"class":53},[43,63091,2871],{"class":148},[43,63093,346],{"class":53},[43,63095,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,63097,32779],{"class":141},[43,63099,145],{"class":53},[43,63101,8712],{"class":3510},[43,63103,79],{"class":53},[43,63105,54104],{"class":25373},[43,63107,346],{"class":53},[81,63109,5576,63111],{"id":63110},"when-to-use-extend",[18,63112,54074],{},[14,63114,230,63115,6933],{},[18,63116,54074],{},[389,63118,63119,63122,63125],{},[392,63120,63121],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[392,63123,63124],{},"Add multiple values at once",[392,63126,63127],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,63129,996],{},[34,63131,63133],{"className":36,"code":63132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,63134,63135,63152,63170,63174,63190,63194,63204],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63136,63137,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63138,63139],{"class":49},"all_scores ",[43,63141,98],{"class":97},[43,63143,101],{"class":53},[43,63145,14127],{"class":104},[43,63147,108],{"class":53},[43,63149,14132],{"class":104},[43,63151,68],{"class":53},[43,63153,63154,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63168],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63155,63156],{"class":49},"new_scores ",[43,63158,98],{"class":97},[43,63160,101],{"class":53},[43,63162,52132],{"class":104},[43,63164,108],{"class":53},[43,63166,63167],{"class":104}," 92",[43,63169,68],{"class":53},[43,63171,63172],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,63173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63175,63176,63179,63181,63183,63185,63188],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,63177,63178],{"class":49},"all_scores",[43,63180,79],{"class":53},[43,63182,54104],{"class":148},[43,63184,145],{"class":53},[43,63186,63187],{"class":148},"new_scores",[43,63189,346],{"class":53},[43,63191,63192],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,63193,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63195,63196,63198,63200,63202],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,63197,142],{"class":141},[43,63199,145],{"class":53},[43,63201,63178],{"class":148},[43,63203,346],{"class":53},[43,63205,63206],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,63207,63208],{"class":165},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,63210,63211,63212,63214,63215,79],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,63213,53280],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[269,63216,56148,63217,11361],{"href":54536},[18,63218,54896],{},[81,63220,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,63222,13328,63224,56097],{"id":63223},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,63225,53975],{},[14,63227,63228,63229,79],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,63230,4391],{},[1499,63232,5794,63234,1233,63236,2490],{"id":63233},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,63235,54074],{},[18,63237,53280],{},[14,63239,63240,63242,63243,63245],{},[18,63241,54074],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,63244,53280],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1499,63247,28953,63249,63251],{"id":63248},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,63250,54074],{}," with a string?",[14,63253,63254],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1499,63256,28953,63258,63260],{"id":63257},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,63259,54074],{}," with a tuple?",[14,63262,63263],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1499,63265,63267,63268,2490],{"id":63266},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,63269,54074],{},[14,63271,63272,63273,63275],{},"You get a ",[18,63274,3614],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[81,63277,2497],{"id":2496},[389,63279,63280,63286,63290,63294,63298,63304,63308],{},[392,63281,63282],{},[269,63283,56148,63284,11361],{"href":57396},[18,63285,53280],{},[392,63287,63288],{},[269,63289,54906],{"href":53676},[392,63291,63292],{},[269,63293,57854],{"href":2509},[392,63295,63296],{},[269,63297,53399],{"href":418},[392,63299,63300],{},[269,63301,56148,63302,11361],{"href":54536},[18,63303,54896],{},[392,63305,63306],{},[269,63307,62916],{"href":53227},[392,63309,63310],{},[269,63311,56148,63312,11361],{"href":55588},[18,63313,13401],{},[14,63315,63316,63317,63319,63320,63322],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,63318,53280],{},", when to use ",[18,63321,54896],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2536,63324,63325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":63327},[63328,63329,63331,63332,63333,63340,63347,63348,63356,63358,63370],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":61725,"depth":131,"text":63330},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":61806,"depth":131,"text":61807},{"id":61943,"depth":131,"text":63334,"children":63335},"extend() vs append()",[63336,63338],{"id":61957,"depth":138,"text":63337},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62020,"depth":138,"text":63339},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62106,"depth":131,"text":63341,"children":63342},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63343,63344,63345,63346],{"id":62117,"depth":138,"text":62118},{"id":62181,"depth":138,"text":62182},{"id":62247,"depth":138,"text":62248},{"id":62321,"depth":138,"text":62322},{"id":62381,"depth":131,"text":62382},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":63349},[63350,63352,63354,63355],{"id":62593,"depth":138,"text":63351},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62666,"depth":138,"text":63353},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62738,"depth":138,"text":62739},{"id":62867,"depth":138,"text":62868},{"id":63110,"depth":131,"text":63357},"When to use extend()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":63359},[63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"id":63223,"depth":138,"text":63361},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63233,"depth":138,"text":63363},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63248,"depth":138,"text":63365},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63257,"depth":138,"text":63367},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63266,"depth":138,"text":63369},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61629,"description":63371},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63378,"title":63379,"body":63380,"description":65471,"extension":2572,"meta":65472,"navigation":134,"path":65473,"seo":65474,"stem":65475,"__hash__":65476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63381,"toc":65434},[63382,63385,63390,63396,63407,63413,63415,63484,63486,63535,63543,63547,63552,63555,63566,63571,63573,63575,63596,63609,63612,63625,63627,63632,63657,63659,63667,63670,63739,63741,63765,63771,63775,63779,63815,63817,63837,63844,63848,63881,63883,63917,63922,63926,63959,63961,63989,63997,64001,64038,64040,64061,64064,64068,64137,64139,64163,64169,64176,64180,64183,64185,64199,64202,64226,64228,64253,64256,64275,64277,64303,64312,64316,64323,64400,64402,64443,64449,64455,64546,64548,64604,64607,64612,64616,64621,64625,64684,64686,64711,64715,64778,64780,64805,64809,64872,64874,64917,64920,64924,64928,64950,64954,65036,65038,65073,65081,65083,65087,65091,65093,65120,65125,65127,65154,65161,65164,65187,65189,65238,65241,65244,65263,65267,65270,65321,65324,65330,65334,65339,65342,65344,65350,65359,65363,65369,65373,65376,65380,65383,65387,65393,65395,65431],[10,63383,63379],{"id":63384},"python-list-function-explained",[14,63386,9741,63387,63389],{},[18,63388,25404],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,63391,63392,63393,63395],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,63394,25404],{}," for two main reasons:",[389,63397,63398,63401],{},[392,63399,63400],{},"to make an empty list",[392,63402,63403,63404,63406],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,63405,60625],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,63408,63409,63410,63412],{},"This page explains how ",[18,63411,25404],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[81,63414,84],{"id":83},[34,63416,63418],{"className":36,"code":63417,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63419,63420,63442,63460,63464,63474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63421,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63423,94],{"class":49},[43,63425,98],{"class":97},[43,63427,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63429,6126],{"class":53},[43,63431,154],{"class":104},[43,63433,108],{"class":53},[43,63435,1525],{"class":104},[43,63437,108],{"class":53},[43,63439,1530],{"class":104},[43,63441,2377],{"class":53},[43,63443,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63445,257],{"class":49},[43,63447,98],{"class":97},[43,63449,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63451,145],{"class":53},[43,63453,265],{"class":264},[43,63455,42186],{"class":268},[43,63457,265],{"class":264},[43,63459,346],{"class":53},[43,63461,63462],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,63463,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,63467,142],{"class":141},[43,63469,145],{"class":53},[43,63471,149],{"class":148},[43,63473,346],{"class":53},[43,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,63477,142],{"class":141},[43,63479,145],{"class":53},[43,63481,1079],{"class":148},[43,63483,346],{"class":53},[14,63485,349],{},[34,63487,63489],{"className":36,"code":63488,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,63490,63491,63507],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63492,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63494,54],{"class":53},[43,63496,154],{"class":104},[43,63498,108],{"class":53},[43,63500,1525],{"class":104},[43,63502,108],{"class":53},[43,63504,1530],{"class":104},[43,63506,68],{"class":53},[43,63508,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63510,54],{"class":53},[43,63512,361],{"class":264},[43,63514,269],{"class":268},[43,63516,361],{"class":264},[43,63518,108],{"class":53},[43,63520,370],{"class":264},[43,63522,279],{"class":268},[43,63524,361],{"class":264},[43,63526,108],{"class":53},[43,63528,370],{"class":264},[43,63530,288],{"class":268},[43,63532,361],{"class":264},[43,63534,68],{"class":53},[14,63536,230,63537,63539,63540,63542],{},[18,63538,25404],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,63541,60625],{},", set, or dictionary.",[81,63544,63546],{"id":63545},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63548,63549,63551],{},[18,63550,25404],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63553,63554],{},"It can:",[389,63556,63557,63560,63563],{},[392,63558,63559],{},"create a new list object",[392,63561,63562],{},"make an empty list",[392,63564,63565],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63567,63568,63569,79],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[269,63570,53399],{"href":418},[81,63572,2763],{"id":2762},[14,63574,27111],{},[34,63576,63578],{"className":36,"code":63577,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,63579,63580,63586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63581,63582,63584],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63583,8712],{"class":3510},[43,63585,9262],{"class":53},[43,63587,63588,63590,63592,63594],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63589,8712],{"class":3510},[43,63591,145],{"class":53},[43,63593,4333],{"class":148},[43,63595,346],{"class":53},[389,63597,63598,63603],{},[392,63599,63600,63602],{},[18,63601,25404],{}," makes an empty list",[392,63604,63605,63608],{},[18,63606,63607],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63610,63611],{},"Common iterable values include:",[389,63613,63614,63616,63618,63620,63623],{},[392,63615,5924],{},[392,63617,5918],{},[392,63619,5921],{},[392,63621,63622],{},"ranges",[392,63624,7868],{},[81,63626,60247],{"id":60246},[14,63628,230,63629,63631],{},[18,63630,25404],{}," with no arguments:",[34,63633,63635],{"className":36,"code":63634,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,63636,63637,63647],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63638,63639,63641,63643,63645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63640,8398],{"class":49},[43,63642,98],{"class":97},[43,63644,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63646,9262],{"class":53},[43,63648,63649,63651,63653,63655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63650,142],{"class":141},[43,63652,145],{"class":53},[43,63654,8427],{"class":148},[43,63656,346],{"class":53},[14,63658,349],{},[34,63660,63661],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63662,63663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63664,63665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63666,1778],{"class":53},[14,63668,63669],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[34,63671,63673],{"className":36,"code":63672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,63674,63675,63685,63689,63707,63725,63729],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63676,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63678,8398],{"class":49},[43,63680,98],{"class":97},[43,63682,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63684,9262],{"class":53},[43,63686,63687],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63690,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,63692,8427],{"class":49},[43,63694,79],{"class":53},[43,63696,14178],{"class":148},[43,63698,145],{"class":53},[43,63700,265],{"class":264},[43,63702,4694],{"class":268},[43,63704,265],{"class":264},[43,63706,346],{"class":53},[43,63708,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,63710,8427],{"class":49},[43,63712,79],{"class":53},[43,63714,14178],{"class":148},[43,63716,145],{"class":53},[43,63718,265],{"class":264},[43,63720,4703],{"class":268},[43,63722,265],{"class":264},[43,63724,346],{"class":53},[43,63726,63727],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,63728,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,63732,142],{"class":141},[43,63734,145],{"class":53},[43,63736,8427],{"class":148},[43,63738,346],{"class":53},[14,63740,349],{},[34,63742,63743],{"className":36,"code":39050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63744,63745],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63746,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63748,54],{"class":53},[43,63750,361],{"class":264},[43,63752,4694],{"class":268},[43,63754,361],{"class":264},[43,63756,108],{"class":53},[43,63758,370],{"class":264},[43,63760,4703],{"class":268},[43,63762,361],{"class":264},[43,63764,68],{"class":53},[14,63766,63767,63768,63770],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63769,4400],{},". Both are valid.",[81,63772,63774],{"id":63773},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1499,63776,63778],{"id":63777},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[34,63780,63781],{"className":36,"code":60545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63782,63783,63805],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63784,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63786,94],{"class":49},[43,63788,98],{"class":97},[43,63790,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63792,6126],{"class":53},[43,63794,154],{"class":104},[43,63796,108],{"class":53},[43,63798,1525],{"class":104},[43,63800,108],{"class":53},[43,63802,1530],{"class":104},[43,63804,2377],{"class":53},[43,63806,63807,63809,63811,63813],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63808,142],{"class":141},[43,63810,145],{"class":53},[43,63812,149],{"class":148},[43,63814,346],{"class":53},[14,63816,349],{},[34,63818,63819],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63820,63821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63822,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63824,54],{"class":53},[43,63826,154],{"class":104},[43,63828,108],{"class":53},[43,63830,1525],{"class":104},[43,63832,108],{"class":53},[43,63834,1530],{"class":104},[43,63836,68],{"class":53},[14,63838,63839,63840,79],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[269,63841,63843],{"href":63842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1499,63845,63847],{"id":63846},"string-to-list","String to list",[34,63849,63851],{"className":36,"code":63850,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63852,63853,63871],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63854,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63856,257],{"class":49},[43,63858,98],{"class":97},[43,63860,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63862,145],{"class":53},[43,63864,265],{"class":264},[43,63866,37675],{"class":268},[43,63868,265],{"class":264},[43,63870,346],{"class":53},[43,63872,63873,63875,63877,63879],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63874,142],{"class":141},[43,63876,145],{"class":53},[43,63878,1079],{"class":148},[43,63880,346],{"class":53},[14,63882,349],{},[34,63884,63886],{"className":36,"code":63885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63887,63888],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63913,63915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63891,54],{"class":53},[43,63893,361],{"class":264},[43,63895,288],{"class":268},[43,63897,361],{"class":264},[43,63899,108],{"class":53},[43,63901,370],{"class":264},[43,63903,269],{"class":268},[43,63905,361],{"class":264},[43,63907,108],{"class":53},[43,63909,370],{"class":264},[43,63911,63912],{"class":268},"t",[43,63914,361],{"class":264},[43,63916,68],{"class":53},[14,63918,63919,63921],{},[18,63920,25404],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1499,63923,63925],{"id":63924},"range-to-list","Range to list",[34,63927,63929],{"className":36,"code":63928,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63930,63931,63949],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63932,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63934,94],{"class":49},[43,63936,98],{"class":97},[43,63938,23182],{"class":3510},[43,63940,145],{"class":53},[43,63942,60625],{"class":141},[43,63944,145],{"class":53},[43,63946,831],{"class":104},[43,63948,2377],{"class":53},[43,63950,63951,63953,63955,63957],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,63952,142],{"class":141},[43,63954,145],{"class":53},[43,63956,149],{"class":148},[43,63958,346],{"class":53},[14,63960,349],{},[34,63962,63963],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63964,63965],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63966,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63968,54],{"class":53},[43,63970,1277],{"class":104},[43,63972,108],{"class":53},[43,63974,6113],{"class":104},[43,63976,108],{"class":53},[43,63978,1525],{"class":104},[43,63980,108],{"class":53},[43,63982,1530],{"class":104},[43,63984,108],{"class":53},[43,63986,3064],{"class":104},[43,63988,68],{"class":53},[14,63990,63991,63992,63996],{},"This is common when working with ",[269,63993,63994],{"href":36823},[18,63995,36826],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1499,63998,64000],{"id":63999},"set-to-list","Set to list",[34,64002,64004],{"className":36,"code":64003,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,64005,64006,64028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64007,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64009,4436],{"class":49},[43,64011,98],{"class":97},[43,64013,23182],{"class":3510},[43,64015,6145],{"class":53},[43,64017,105],{"class":104},[43,64019,108],{"class":53},[43,64021,111],{"class":104},[43,64023,108],{"class":53},[43,64025,116],{"class":104},[43,64027,31122],{"class":53},[43,64029,64030,64032,64034,64036],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64031,142],{"class":141},[43,64033,145],{"class":53},[43,64035,5974],{"class":148},[43,64037,346],{"class":53},[14,64039,17580],{},[34,64041,64043],{"className":36,"code":64042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,64044,64045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64046,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64048,54],{"class":53},[43,64050,105],{"class":104},[43,64052,108],{"class":53},[43,64054,111],{"class":104},[43,64056,108],{"class":53},[43,64058,116],{"class":104},[43,64060,68],{"class":53},[14,64062,64063],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1499,64065,64067],{"id":64066},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[34,64069,64071],{"className":36,"code":64070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,64072,64073,64109,64123,64127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64074,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64076,13829],{"class":49},[43,64078,98],{"class":97},[43,64080,11110],{"class":53},[43,64082,265],{"class":264},[43,64084,8286],{"class":268},[43,64086,265],{"class":264},[43,64088,59],{"class":53},[43,64090,276],{"class":264},[43,64092,13505],{"class":268},[43,64094,265],{"class":264},[43,64096,108],{"class":53},[43,64098,276],{"class":264},[43,64100,9918],{"class":268},[43,64102,265],{"class":264},[43,64104,59],{"class":53},[43,64106,9925],{"class":104},[43,64108,9928],{"class":53},[43,64110,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64112,2836],{"class":49},[43,64114,98],{"class":97},[43,64116,23182],{"class":3510},[43,64118,145],{"class":53},[43,64120,17928],{"class":148},[43,64122,346],{"class":53},[43,64124,64125],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,64126,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,64130,142],{"class":141},[43,64132,145],{"class":53},[43,64134,2871],{"class":148},[43,64136,346],{"class":53},[14,64138,349],{},[34,64140,64141],{"className":36,"code":26104,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,64142,64143],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64144,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64146,54],{"class":53},[43,64148,361],{"class":264},[43,64150,8286],{"class":268},[43,64152,361],{"class":264},[43,64154,108],{"class":53},[43,64156,370],{"class":264},[43,64158,9918],{"class":268},[43,64160,361],{"class":264},[43,64162,68],{"class":53},[14,64164,64165,64166,64168],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,64167,25404],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,64170,64171,64172,79],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[269,64173,64175],{"href":64174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[81,64177,64179],{"id":64178},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,64181,64182],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,64184,61780],{},[389,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197],{},[392,64188,5915],{},[392,64190,5918],{},[392,64192,5924],{},[392,64194,5921],{},[392,64196,63622],{},[392,64198,7868],{},[14,64200,64201],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[34,64203,64205],{"className":36,"code":64204,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,64206,64207],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64208,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64222,64224],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64210,142],{"class":141},[43,64212,145],{"class":53},[43,64214,8712],{"class":3510},[43,64216,145],{"class":53},[43,64218,265],{"class":264},[43,64220,64221],{"class":268},"hi",[43,64223,265],{"class":264},[43,64225,2377],{"class":53},[14,64227,349],{},[34,64229,64231],{"className":36,"code":64230,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,64232,64233],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64234,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64236,54],{"class":53},[43,64238,361],{"class":264},[43,64240,61065],{"class":268},[43,64242,361],{"class":264},[43,64244,108],{"class":53},[43,64246,370],{"class":264},[43,64248,36782],{"class":268},[43,64250,361],{"class":264},[43,64252,68],{"class":53},[14,64254,64255],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[34,64257,64259],{"className":36,"code":64258,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(5))\n",[18,64260,64261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64262,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64264,142],{"class":141},[43,64266,145],{"class":53},[43,64268,8712],{"class":3510},[43,64270,145],{"class":53},[43,64272,831],{"class":104},[43,64274,2377],{"class":53},[14,64276,349],{},[34,64278,64280],{"className":36,"code":64279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,64281,64282],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64283,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64285,3614],{"class":3510},[43,64287,59],{"class":53},[43,64289,370],{"class":264},[43,64291,2795],{"class":268},[43,64293,361],{"class":264},[43,64295,25240],{"class":3510},[43,64297,8715],{"class":97},[43,64299,8718],{"class":97},[43,64301,64302],{"class":49}," iterable\n",[14,64304,64305,64306,64308,64309,79],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[269,64307,5751],{"href":6202},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[269,64310,64311],{"href":53227},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[81,64313,64315],{"id":64314},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,64317,64318,64319,64322],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,64320,64321],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[34,64324,64326],{"className":36,"code":64325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,64327,64328,64348,64362,64366,64376,64386],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64331,12709],{"class":49},[43,64333,98],{"class":97},[43,64335,101],{"class":53},[43,64337,154],{"class":104},[43,64339,108],{"class":53},[43,64341,1525],{"class":104},[43,64343,108],{"class":53},[43,64345,1530],{"class":104},[43,64347,68],{"class":53},[43,64349,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64351,14936],{"class":49},[43,64353,98],{"class":97},[43,64355,23182],{"class":3510},[43,64357,145],{"class":53},[43,64359,12756],{"class":148},[43,64361,346],{"class":53},[43,64363,64364],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,64365,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,64367,64368,64370,64372,64374],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,64369,142],{"class":141},[43,64371,145],{"class":53},[43,64373,12756],{"class":148},[43,64375,346],{"class":53},[43,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,64379,142],{"class":141},[43,64381,145],{"class":53},[43,64383,14955],{"class":148},[43,64385,346],{"class":53},[43,64387,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,64389,142],{"class":141},[43,64391,145],{"class":53},[43,64393,12709],{"class":148},[43,64395,12817],{"class":4491},[43,64397,15009],{"class":148},[43,64399,346],{"class":53},[14,64401,349],{},[34,64403,64405],{"className":36,"code":64404,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,64406,64407,64423,64439],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64410,54],{"class":53},[43,64412,154],{"class":104},[43,64414,108],{"class":53},[43,64416,1525],{"class":104},[43,64418,108],{"class":53},[43,64420,1530],{"class":104},[43,64422,68],{"class":53},[43,64424,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64426,54],{"class":53},[43,64428,154],{"class":104},[43,64430,108],{"class":53},[43,64432,1525],{"class":104},[43,64434,108],{"class":53},[43,64436,1530],{"class":104},[43,64438,68],{"class":53},[43,64440,64441],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,64442,4655],{"class":4466},[14,64444,64445,64446,64448],{},"This means ",[18,64447,14955],{}," is a different list object.",[14,64450,64451,64452,64454],{},"However, this is only a ",[76,64453,13475],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[34,64456,64458],{"className":36,"code":64457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,64459,64460,64486,64500,64504,64522,64526,64536],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64461,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64463,12709],{"class":49},[43,64465,98],{"class":97},[43,64467,56922],{"class":53},[43,64469,154],{"class":104},[43,64471,108],{"class":53},[43,64473,1525],{"class":104},[43,64475,18684],{"class":53},[43,64477,101],{"class":53},[43,64479,181],{"class":104},[43,64481,108],{"class":53},[43,64483,3064],{"class":104},[43,64485,53870],{"class":53},[43,64487,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64489,14936],{"class":49},[43,64491,98],{"class":97},[43,64493,23182],{"class":3510},[43,64495,145],{"class":53},[43,64497,12756],{"class":148},[43,64499,346],{"class":53},[43,64501,64502],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,64503,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,64505,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,64507,14955],{"class":49},[43,64509,54],{"class":53},[43,64511,1277],{"class":104},[43,64513,14175],{"class":53},[43,64515,14178],{"class":148},[43,64517,145],{"class":53},[43,64519,56975],{"class":104},[43,64521,346],{"class":53},[43,64523,64524],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,64525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,64527,64528,64530,64532,64534],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,64529,142],{"class":141},[43,64531,145],{"class":53},[43,64533,12756],{"class":148},[43,64535,346],{"class":53},[43,64537,64538,64540,64542,64544],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,64539,142],{"class":141},[43,64541,145],{"class":53},[43,64543,14955],{"class":148},[43,64545,346],{"class":53},[14,64547,349],{},[34,64549,64550],{"className":36,"code":57006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,64551,64552,64578],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64553,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64555,57013],{"class":53},[43,64557,154],{"class":104},[43,64559,108],{"class":53},[43,64561,1525],{"class":104},[43,64563,108],{"class":53},[43,64565,10816],{"class":104},[43,64567,18684],{"class":53},[43,64569,101],{"class":53},[43,64571,181],{"class":104},[43,64573,108],{"class":53},[43,64575,3064],{"class":104},[43,64577,53870],{"class":53},[43,64579,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64581,57013],{"class":53},[43,64583,154],{"class":104},[43,64585,108],{"class":53},[43,64587,1525],{"class":104},[43,64589,108],{"class":53},[43,64591,10816],{"class":104},[43,64593,18684],{"class":53},[43,64595,101],{"class":53},[43,64597,181],{"class":104},[43,64599,108],{"class":53},[43,64601,3064],{"class":104},[43,64603,53870],{"class":53},[14,64605,64606],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64608,64609,64610,79],{},"For more on this, see ",[269,64611,14415],{"href":14414},[81,64613,64615],{"id":64614},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64617,64618,64619,79],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,64620,25404],{},[1499,64622,64624],{"id":64623},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[34,64626,64628],{"className":36,"code":64627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,64629,64630,64670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64631,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64633,13488],{"class":49},[43,64635,98],{"class":97},[43,64637,11110],{"class":53},[43,64639,265],{"class":264},[43,64641,8286],{"class":268},[43,64643,265],{"class":264},[43,64645,59],{"class":53},[43,64647,276],{"class":264},[43,64649,8539],{"class":268},[43,64651,265],{"class":264},[43,64653,108],{"class":53},[43,64655,276],{"class":264},[43,64657,20513],{"class":268},[43,64659,265],{"class":264},[43,64661,59],{"class":53},[43,64663,276],{"class":264},[43,64665,22867],{"class":268},[43,64667,265],{"class":264},[43,64669,9928],{"class":53},[43,64671,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64673,142],{"class":141},[43,64675,145],{"class":53},[43,64677,8712],{"class":3510},[43,64679,145],{"class":53},[43,64681,14251],{"class":148},[43,64683,2377],{"class":53},[14,64685,349],{},[34,64687,64689],{"className":36,"code":64688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64690,64691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64692,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64694,54],{"class":53},[43,64696,361],{"class":264},[43,64698,8286],{"class":268},[43,64700,361],{"class":264},[43,64702,108],{"class":53},[43,64704,370],{"class":264},[43,64706,20513],{"class":268},[43,64708,361],{"class":264},[43,64710,68],{"class":53},[1499,64712,64714],{"id":64713},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[34,64716,64718],{"className":36,"code":64717,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64719,64720,64760],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64721,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64723,13488],{"class":49},[43,64725,98],{"class":97},[43,64727,11110],{"class":53},[43,64729,265],{"class":264},[43,64731,8286],{"class":268},[43,64733,265],{"class":264},[43,64735,59],{"class":53},[43,64737,276],{"class":264},[43,64739,8539],{"class":268},[43,64741,265],{"class":264},[43,64743,108],{"class":53},[43,64745,276],{"class":264},[43,64747,20513],{"class":268},[43,64749,265],{"class":264},[43,64751,59],{"class":53},[43,64753,276],{"class":264},[43,64755,22867],{"class":268},[43,64757,265],{"class":264},[43,64759,9928],{"class":53},[43,64761,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64763,142],{"class":141},[43,64765,145],{"class":53},[43,64767,8712],{"class":3510},[43,64769,145],{"class":53},[43,64771,14251],{"class":148},[43,64773,79],{"class":53},[43,64775,5974],{"class":148},[43,64777,6905],{"class":53},[14,64779,349],{},[34,64781,64783],{"className":36,"code":64782,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64784,64785],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64786,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64788,54],{"class":53},[43,64790,361],{"class":264},[43,64792,8539],{"class":268},[43,64794,361],{"class":264},[43,64796,108],{"class":53},[43,64798,370],{"class":264},[43,64800,22867],{"class":268},[43,64802,361],{"class":264},[43,64804,68],{"class":53},[1499,64806,64808],{"id":64807},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[34,64810,64812],{"className":36,"code":64811,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64813,64814,64854],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64815,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64817,13488],{"class":49},[43,64819,98],{"class":97},[43,64821,11110],{"class":53},[43,64823,265],{"class":264},[43,64825,8286],{"class":268},[43,64827,265],{"class":264},[43,64829,59],{"class":53},[43,64831,276],{"class":264},[43,64833,8539],{"class":268},[43,64835,265],{"class":264},[43,64837,108],{"class":53},[43,64839,276],{"class":264},[43,64841,20513],{"class":268},[43,64843,265],{"class":264},[43,64845,59],{"class":53},[43,64847,276],{"class":264},[43,64849,22867],{"class":268},[43,64851,265],{"class":264},[43,64853,9928],{"class":53},[43,64855,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64857,142],{"class":141},[43,64859,145],{"class":53},[43,64861,8712],{"class":3510},[43,64863,145],{"class":53},[43,64865,14251],{"class":148},[43,64867,79],{"class":53},[43,64869,8427],{"class":148},[43,64871,6905],{"class":53},[14,64873,349],{},[34,64875,64877],{"className":36,"code":64876,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64878,64879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64880,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64882,22362],{"class":53},[43,64884,361],{"class":264},[43,64886,8286],{"class":268},[43,64888,361],{"class":264},[43,64890,108],{"class":53},[43,64892,370],{"class":264},[43,64894,8539],{"class":268},[43,64896,361],{"class":264},[43,64898,9852],{"class":53},[43,64900,9855],{"class":53},[43,64902,361],{"class":264},[43,64904,20513],{"class":268},[43,64906,361],{"class":264},[43,64908,108],{"class":53},[43,64910,370],{"class":264},[43,64912,22867],{"class":268},[43,64914,361],{"class":264},[43,64916,9868],{"class":53},[14,64918,64919],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[81,64921,64923],{"id":64922},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64925,230,64926,11221],{},[18,64927,25404],{},[389,64929,64930,64938,64947],{},[392,64931,64932,64933,3486,64935],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64934,53280],{},[18,64936,64937],{},"sort()",[392,64939,64940,64941,3486,64943,64946],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64942,36826],{},[18,64944,64945],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[392,64948,64949],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64951,46667,64952,59],{},[18,64953,64945],{},[34,64955,64957],{"className":36,"code":64956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64958,64959,64983,64999,65003,65026],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64960,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64962,5610],{"class":49},[43,64964,98],{"class":97},[43,64966,101],{"class":53},[43,64968,265],{"class":264},[43,64970,13505],{"class":268},[43,64972,265],{"class":264},[43,64974,108],{"class":53},[43,64976,276],{"class":264},[43,64978,36571],{"class":268},[43,64980,265],{"class":264},[43,64982,68],{"class":53},[43,64984,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,64986,5679],{"class":49},[43,64988,98],{"class":97},[43,64990,101],{"class":53},[43,64992,14127],{"class":104},[43,64994,108],{"class":53},[43,64996,14132],{"class":104},[43,64998,68],{"class":53},[43,65000,65001],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,65002,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,65004,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,65006,9834],{"class":49},[43,65008,98],{"class":97},[43,65010,23182],{"class":3510},[43,65012,145],{"class":53},[43,65014,65015],{"class":141},"zip",[43,65017,145],{"class":53},[43,65019,5654],{"class":148},[43,65021,108],{"class":53},[43,65023,5725],{"class":148},[43,65025,2377],{"class":53},[43,65027,65028,65030,65032,65034],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,65029,142],{"class":141},[43,65031,145],{"class":53},[43,65033,9881],{"class":148},[43,65035,346],{"class":53},[14,65037,349],{},[34,65039,65041],{"className":36,"code":65040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,65042,65043],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65044,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65046,22362],{"class":53},[43,65048,361],{"class":264},[43,65050,13505],{"class":268},[43,65052,361],{"class":264},[43,65054,108],{"class":53},[43,65056,20520],{"class":104},[43,65058,9852],{"class":53},[43,65060,9855],{"class":53},[43,65062,361],{"class":264},[43,65064,36571],{"class":268},[43,65066,361],{"class":264},[43,65068,108],{"class":53},[43,65070,14132],{"class":104},[43,65072,9868],{"class":53},[14,65074,65075,65076,65078,65079,79],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,65077,53280],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[269,65080,53677],{"href":53676},[81,65082,5134],{"id":5133},[14,65084,57403,65085,79],{},[18,65086,25404],{},[1499,65088,65090],{"id":65089},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,65092,5141],{},[34,65094,65096],{"className":36,"code":65095,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,65097,65098,65102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65099,65100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65101,5151],{"class":165},[43,65103,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65105,8712],{"class":3510},[43,65107,145],{"class":53},[43,65109,154],{"class":104},[43,65111,108],{"class":53},[43,65113,1525],{"class":104},[43,65115,108],{"class":53},[43,65117,1530],{"class":104},[43,65119,346],{"class":53},[14,65121,65122,65124],{},[18,65123,25404],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,65126,19317],{},[34,65128,65130],{"className":36,"code":65129,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,65131,65132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65133,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65135,142],{"class":141},[43,65137,145],{"class":53},[43,65139,8712],{"class":3510},[43,65141,6126],{"class":53},[43,65143,154],{"class":104},[43,65145,108],{"class":53},[43,65147,1525],{"class":104},[43,65149,108],{"class":53},[43,65151,1530],{"class":104},[43,65153,3521],{"class":53},[1499,65155,65157,65158],{"id":65156},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[43,65159,65160],{},"\"hello\"",[14,65162,65163],{},"This is a common surprise:",[34,65165,65167],{"className":36,"code":65166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,65168,65169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65170,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65172,142],{"class":141},[43,65174,145],{"class":53},[43,65176,8712],{"class":3510},[43,65178,145],{"class":53},[43,65180,265],{"class":264},[43,65182,4459],{"class":268},[43,65184,265],{"class":264},[43,65186,2377],{"class":53},[14,65188,349],{},[34,65190,65192],{"className":36,"code":65191,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,65193,65194],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65195,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65197,54],{"class":53},[43,65199,361],{"class":264},[43,65201,61065],{"class":268},[43,65203,361],{"class":264},[43,65205,108],{"class":53},[43,65207,370],{"class":264},[43,65209,306],{"class":268},[43,65211,361],{"class":264},[43,65213,108],{"class":53},[43,65215,370],{"class":264},[43,65217,61082],{"class":268},[43,65219,361],{"class":264},[43,65221,108],{"class":53},[43,65223,370],{"class":264},[43,65225,61082],{"class":268},[43,65227,361],{"class":264},[43,65229,108],{"class":53},[43,65231,370],{"class":264},[43,65233,61099],{"class":268},[43,65235,361],{"class":264},[43,65237,68],{"class":53},[14,65239,65240],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,65242,65243],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[34,65245,65247],{"className":36,"code":65246,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,65248,65249],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65250,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65252,142],{"class":141},[43,65254,3595],{"class":53},[43,65256,265],{"class":264},[43,65258,4459],{"class":268},[43,65260,265],{"class":264},[43,65262,1547],{"class":53},[1499,65264,65266],{"id":65265},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,65268,65269],{},"This:",[34,65271,65273],{"className":36,"code":65272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,65274,65275,65307],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65276,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65278,9784],{"class":49},[43,65280,98],{"class":97},[43,65282,11110],{"class":53},[43,65284,265],{"class":264},[43,65286,269],{"class":268},[43,65288,265],{"class":264},[43,65290,59],{"class":53},[43,65292,6113],{"class":104},[43,65294,108],{"class":53},[43,65296,276],{"class":264},[43,65298,279],{"class":268},[43,65300,265],{"class":264},[43,65302,59],{"class":53},[43,65304,1525],{"class":104},[43,65306,9928],{"class":53},[43,65308,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65310,142],{"class":141},[43,65312,145],{"class":53},[43,65314,8712],{"class":3510},[43,65316,145],{"class":53},[43,65318,9823],{"class":148},[43,65320,2377],{"class":53},[14,65322,65323],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,65325,230,65326,65329],{},[18,65327,65328],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1499,65331,65333],{"id":65332},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,65335,65336,65338],{},[18,65337,25404],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,65340,65341],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[81,65343,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,65345,5794,65347,65349],{"id":65346},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[43,65348],{}," and list()?",[14,65351,65352,65353,65355,65356,65358],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,65354,4400],{}," is shorter. ",[18,65357,25404],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1499,65360,65362],{"id":65361},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,65364,65365,65366,65368],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,65367,25404],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1499,65370,65372],{"id":65371},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,65374,65375],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1499,65377,65379],{"id":65378},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,65381,65382],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1499,65384,65386],{"id":65385},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,65388,65389,65390,65392],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,65391,25404],{}," cannot loop through it.",[81,65394,2497],{"id":2496},[389,65396,65397,65401,65406,65410,65414,65418,65422,65427],{},[392,65398,65399],{},[269,65400,53399],{"href":418},[392,65402,65403],{},[269,65404,65405],{"href":36823},"Python range() function explained",[392,65407,65408],{},[269,65409,63843],{"href":63842},[392,65411,65412],{},[269,65413,64175],{"href":64174},[392,65415,65416],{},[269,65417,5831],{"href":6202},[392,65419,65420],{},[269,65421,14415],{"href":14414},[392,65423,65424],{},[269,65425,65426],{"href":53227},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[392,65428,65429],{},[269,65430,54906],{"href":53676},[2536,65432,65433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":65435},[65436,65437,65438,65439,65440,65447,65448,65449,65454,65455,65462,65470],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":63545,"depth":131,"text":63546},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":60246,"depth":131,"text":60247},{"id":63773,"depth":131,"text":63774,"children":65441},[65442,65443,65444,65445,65446],{"id":63777,"depth":138,"text":63778},{"id":63846,"depth":138,"text":63847},{"id":63924,"depth":138,"text":63925},{"id":63999,"depth":138,"text":64000},{"id":64066,"depth":138,"text":64067},{"id":64178,"depth":131,"text":64179},{"id":64314,"depth":131,"text":64315},{"id":64614,"depth":131,"text":64615,"children":65450},[65451,65452,65453],{"id":64623,"depth":138,"text":64624},{"id":64713,"depth":138,"text":64714},{"id":64807,"depth":138,"text":64808},{"id":64922,"depth":131,"text":64923},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":65456},[65457,65458,65460,65461],{"id":65089,"depth":138,"text":65090},{"id":65156,"depth":138,"text":65459},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65265,"depth":138,"text":65266},{"id":65332,"depth":138,"text":65333},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":65463},[65464,65466,65467,65468,65469],{"id":65346,"depth":138,"text":65465},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65361,"depth":138,"text":65362},{"id":65371,"depth":138,"text":65372},{"id":65378,"depth":138,"text":65379},{"id":65385,"depth":138,"text":65386},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63379,"description":65471},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65478,"title":65479,"body":65480,"description":66829,"extension":2572,"meta":66830,"navigation":134,"path":66831,"seo":66832,"stem":66833,"__hash__":66834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65481,"toc":66803},[65482,65487,65493,65502,65504,65577,65586,65591,65595,65611,65615,65617,65619,65638,65641,65669,65671,65695,65703,65705,65710,65717,65719,65776,65778,65786,65792,65796,65799,65872,65874,65882,65885,65908,65915,65921,65925,65931,66002,66004,66012,66021,66028,66035,66043,66187,66189,66206,66209,66248,66251,66255,66260,66262,66321,66327,66330,66437,66439,66454,66457,66464,66466,66470,66618,66621,66682,66685,66688,66709,66714,66718,66729,66732,66734,66739,66742,66750,66755,66761,66764,66770,66778,66780,66800],[10,65483,54970,65485,11943],{"id":65484},"python-list-index-method",[18,65486,59594],{},[14,65488,65489,65492],{},[18,65490,65491],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65494,65495,65496,65499,65500,79],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[76,65497,65498],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65501,1553],{},[81,65503,4221],{"id":4220},[34,65505,65507],{"className":36,"code":65506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,65508,65509,65541,65564],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65510,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65512,8398],{"class":49},[43,65514,98],{"class":97},[43,65516,101],{"class":53},[43,65518,265],{"class":264},[43,65520,4694],{"class":268},[43,65522,265],{"class":264},[43,65524,108],{"class":53},[43,65526,276],{"class":264},[43,65528,4703],{"class":268},[43,65530,265],{"class":264},[43,65532,108],{"class":53},[43,65534,276],{"class":264},[43,65536,4712],{"class":268},[43,65538,265],{"class":264},[43,65540,68],{"class":53},[43,65542,65543,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65544,65545],{"class":49},"position ",[43,65547,98],{"class":97},[43,65549,704],{"class":49},[43,65551,79],{"class":53},[43,65553,36476],{"class":148},[43,65555,145],{"class":53},[43,65557,265],{"class":264},[43,65559,4703],{"class":268},[43,65561,265],{"class":264},[43,65563,346],{"class":53},[43,65565,65566,65568,65570,65573,65575],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,65567,142],{"class":141},[43,65569,145],{"class":53},[43,65571,65572],{"class":148},"position",[43,65574,4272],{"class":53},[43,65576,28404],{"class":165},[14,65578,230,65579,65582,65583,65585],{},[18,65580,65581],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,65584,1553],{}," if the item is not found.",[81,65587,4289,65589,4292],{"id":65588},"what-listindex-does",[18,65590,65491],{},[14,65592,65593,59],{},[18,65594,65491],{},[389,65596,65597,65600,65603,65608],{},[392,65598,65599],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[392,65601,65602],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[392,65604,65605,65606],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,65607,1277],{},[392,65609,65610],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65612,55195,65613,79],{},[269,65614,53399],{"href":55198},[81,65616,2763],{"id":2762},[14,65618,31351],{},[34,65620,65622],{"className":36,"code":65621,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,65623,65624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65625,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65627,50],{"class":49},[43,65629,79],{"class":53},[43,65631,36476],{"class":148},[43,65633,145],{"class":53},[43,65635,3080],{"class":148},[43,65637,346],{"class":53},[14,65639,65640],{},"You can also limit the search:",[34,65642,65644],{"className":36,"code":65643,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,65645,65646],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65647,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65649,50],{"class":49},[43,65651,79],{"class":53},[43,65653,36476],{"class":148},[43,65655,145],{"class":53},[43,65657,3080],{"class":148},[43,65659,108],{"class":53},[43,65661,36682],{"class":148},[43,65663,108],{"class":53},[43,65665,65666],{"class":148}," end",[43,65668,346],{"class":53},[14,65670,451],{},[389,65672,65673,65678,65683,65688],{},[392,65674,65675,65677],{},[18,65676,3080],{},": the item to search for",[392,65679,65680,65682],{},[18,65681,20],{},": where the search begins",[392,65684,65685,65687],{},[18,65686,53288],{},": where the search stops",[392,65689,65690,5398,65692,65694],{},[18,65691,53288],{},[76,65693,78],{}," in the search range",[14,65696,65697,65698,65700,65701,79],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65699,20],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65702,53288],{},[81,65704,38648],{"id":38647},[14,65706,65707,65709],{},[18,65708,65491],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65711,65712,65713,65716],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[76,65714,65715],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65718,494],{},[34,65720,65722],{"className":36,"code":65721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65723,65724,65744,65762,65766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65725,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65727,94],{"class":49},[43,65729,98],{"class":97},[43,65731,101],{"class":53},[43,65733,105],{"class":104},[43,65735,108],{"class":53},[43,65737,111],{"class":104},[43,65739,108],{"class":53},[43,65741,116],{"class":104},[43,65743,68],{"class":53},[43,65745,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65747,2836],{"class":49},[43,65749,98],{"class":97},[43,65751,2071],{"class":49},[43,65753,79],{"class":53},[43,65755,36476],{"class":148},[43,65757,145],{"class":53},[43,65759,618],{"class":104},[43,65761,346],{"class":53},[43,65763,65764],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,65765,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,65767,65768,65770,65772,65774],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,65769,142],{"class":141},[43,65771,145],{"class":53},[43,65773,2871],{"class":148},[43,65775,346],{"class":53},[14,65777,349],{},[34,65779,65780],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,65781,65782],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65783,65784],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65785,47544],{"class":104},[14,65787,65788,65789,65791],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65790,59594],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[81,65793,65795],{"id":65794},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65797,65798],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[34,65800,65802],{"className":36,"code":65801,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65803,65804,65836,65858,65862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65805,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65807,36867],{"class":49},[43,65809,98],{"class":97},[43,65811,101],{"class":53},[43,65813,265],{"class":264},[43,65815,4694],{"class":268},[43,65817,265],{"class":264},[43,65819,108],{"class":53},[43,65821,276],{"class":264},[43,65823,4703],{"class":268},[43,65825,265],{"class":264},[43,65827,108],{"class":53},[43,65829,276],{"class":264},[43,65831,4712],{"class":268},[43,65833,265],{"class":264},[43,65835,68],{"class":53},[43,65837,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65839,65545],{"class":49},[43,65841,98],{"class":97},[43,65843,53479],{"class":49},[43,65845,79],{"class":53},[43,65847,36476],{"class":148},[43,65849,145],{"class":53},[43,65851,265],{"class":264},[43,65853,4712],{"class":268},[43,65855,265],{"class":264},[43,65857,346],{"class":53},[43,65859,65860],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,65861,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,65863,65864,65866,65868,65870],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,65865,142],{"class":141},[43,65867,145],{"class":53},[43,65869,65572],{"class":148},[43,65871,346],{"class":53},[14,65873,349],{},[34,65875,65876],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,65877,65878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65879,65880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65881,17678],{"class":104},[14,65883,65884],{},"In this list:",[389,65886,65887,65894,65901],{},[392,65888,65889,65891,65892],{},[18,65890,58459],{}," is at index ",[18,65893,1277],{},[392,65895,65896,65891,65899],{},[18,65897,65898],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65900,154],{},[392,65902,65903,65891,65906],{},[18,65904,65905],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65907,201],{},[14,65909,54281,65910,3004,65913,79],{},[18,65911,65912],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65914,201],{},[14,65916,52170,65917,79],{},[269,65918,65920],{"href":65919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[81,65922,65924],{"id":65923},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65926,65927,65928,65930],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65929,59594],{}," returns the first match only.",[34,65932,65934],{"className":36,"code":65933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65935,65936,65976,65980],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65937,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65939,13700],{"class":49},[43,65941,98],{"class":97},[43,65943,101],{"class":53},[43,65945,265],{"class":264},[43,65947,13717],{"class":268},[43,65949,265],{"class":264},[43,65951,108],{"class":53},[43,65953,276],{"class":264},[43,65955,13734],{"class":268},[43,65957,265],{"class":264},[43,65959,108],{"class":53},[43,65961,276],{"class":264},[43,65963,13717],{"class":268},[43,65965,265],{"class":264},[43,65967,108],{"class":53},[43,65969,276],{"class":264},[43,65971,18077],{"class":268},[43,65973,265],{"class":264},[43,65975,68],{"class":53},[43,65977,65978],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,65979,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,65981,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,65983,142],{"class":141},[43,65985,145],{"class":53},[43,65987,18124],{"class":148},[43,65989,79],{"class":53},[43,65991,36476],{"class":148},[43,65993,145],{"class":53},[43,65995,265],{"class":264},[43,65997,13717],{"class":268},[43,65999,265],{"class":264},[43,66001,2377],{"class":53},[14,66003,349],{},[34,66005,66006],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,66007,66008],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66009,66010],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66011,47879],{"class":104},[14,66013,21599,66014,66017,66018,66020],{},[18,66015,66016],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,66019,1277],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,66022,66023,66024,79],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[269,66025,56148,66026,11361],{"href":59653},[18,66027,57916],{},[81,66029,2445,66031,1233,66033],{"id":66030},"using-start-and-end",[18,66032,20],{},[18,66034,53288],{},[14,66036,66037,66038,1233,66040,66042],{},"The optional ",[18,66039,20],{},[18,66041,53288],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[34,66044,66046],{"className":36,"code":66045,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,66047,66048,66096,66100,66125,66154],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66049,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66051,257],{"class":49},[43,66053,98],{"class":97},[43,66055,101],{"class":53},[43,66057,265],{"class":264},[43,66059,269],{"class":268},[43,66061,265],{"class":264},[43,66063,108],{"class":53},[43,66065,276],{"class":264},[43,66067,279],{"class":268},[43,66069,265],{"class":264},[43,66071,108],{"class":53},[43,66073,276],{"class":264},[43,66075,288],{"class":268},[43,66077,265],{"class":264},[43,66079,108],{"class":53},[43,66081,276],{"class":264},[43,66083,279],{"class":268},[43,66085,265],{"class":264},[43,66087,108],{"class":53},[43,66089,276],{"class":264},[43,66091,297],{"class":268},[43,66093,265],{"class":264},[43,66095,68],{"class":53},[43,66097,66098],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,66101,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,66103,142],{"class":141},[43,66105,145],{"class":53},[43,66107,1079],{"class":148},[43,66109,79],{"class":53},[43,66111,36476],{"class":148},[43,66113,145],{"class":53},[43,66115,265],{"class":264},[43,66117,279],{"class":268},[43,66119,265],{"class":264},[43,66121,5977],{"class":53},[43,66123,66124],{"class":165},"        # first match\n",[43,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,66128,142],{"class":141},[43,66130,145],{"class":53},[43,66132,1079],{"class":148},[43,66134,79],{"class":53},[43,66136,36476],{"class":148},[43,66138,145],{"class":53},[43,66140,265],{"class":264},[43,66142,279],{"class":268},[43,66144,265],{"class":264},[43,66146,108],{"class":53},[43,66148,1525],{"class":104},[43,66150,5977],{"class":53},[43,66152,66153],{"class":165},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[43,66155,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,66157,142],{"class":141},[43,66159,145],{"class":53},[43,66161,1079],{"class":148},[43,66163,79],{"class":53},[43,66165,36476],{"class":148},[43,66167,145],{"class":53},[43,66169,265],{"class":264},[43,66171,279],{"class":268},[43,66173,265],{"class":264},[43,66175,108],{"class":53},[43,66177,6113],{"class":104},[43,66179,108],{"class":53},[43,66181,3064],{"class":104},[43,66183,5977],{"class":53},[43,66185,66186],{"class":165},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,66188,349],{},[34,66190,66192],{"className":36,"code":66191,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,66193,66194,66198,66202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66195,66196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66197,47544],{"class":104},[43,66199,66200],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66201,47244],{"class":104},[43,66203,66204],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,66205,47544],{"class":104},[14,66207,66208],{},"How this works:",[389,66210,66211,66223,66236],{},[392,66212,66213,66216,66217,66220,66221],{},[18,66214,66215],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,66218,66219],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,66222,154],{},[392,66224,66225,66228,66229,66231,66232,66220,66234],{},[18,66226,66227],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,66230,201],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,66233,66219],{},[18,66235,181],{},[392,66237,66238,66241,66242,21,66244,25,66246],{},[18,66239,66240],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,66243,154],{},[18,66245,201],{},[18,66247,181],{},[14,66249,66250],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[81,66252,66254],{"id":66253},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,66256,66257,66258,79],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,66259,1553],{},[14,66261,494],{},[34,66263,66265],{"className":36,"code":66264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,66266,66267,66299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66270,8398],{"class":49},[43,66272,98],{"class":97},[43,66274,101],{"class":53},[43,66276,265],{"class":264},[43,66278,4694],{"class":268},[43,66280,265],{"class":264},[43,66282,108],{"class":53},[43,66284,276],{"class":264},[43,66286,4703],{"class":268},[43,66288,265],{"class":264},[43,66290,108],{"class":53},[43,66292,276],{"class":264},[43,66294,4712],{"class":268},[43,66296,265],{"class":264},[43,66298,68],{"class":53},[43,66300,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66302,142],{"class":141},[43,66304,145],{"class":53},[43,66306,8427],{"class":148},[43,66308,79],{"class":53},[43,66310,36476],{"class":148},[43,66312,145],{"class":53},[43,66314,265],{"class":264},[43,66316,33848],{"class":268},[43,66318,265],{"class":264},[43,66320,2377],{"class":53},[14,66322,40281,66323,66326],{},[18,66324,66325],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,66328,66329],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[34,66331,66333],{"className":36,"code":66332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,66334,66335,66367,66380,66384,66397,66416,66422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66336,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66338,8398],{"class":49},[43,66340,98],{"class":97},[43,66342,101],{"class":53},[43,66344,265],{"class":264},[43,66346,4694],{"class":268},[43,66348,265],{"class":264},[43,66350,108],{"class":53},[43,66352,276],{"class":264},[43,66354,4703],{"class":268},[43,66356,265],{"class":264},[43,66358,108],{"class":53},[43,66360,276],{"class":264},[43,66362,4712],{"class":268},[43,66364,265],{"class":264},[43,66366,68],{"class":53},[43,66368,66369,66372,66374,66376,66378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66370,66371],{"class":49},"search_value ",[43,66373,98],{"class":97},[43,66375,276],{"class":264},[43,66377,33848],{"class":268},[43,66379,3969],{"class":264},[43,66381,66382],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,66383,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,66385,66386,66388,66391,66393,66395],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,66387,7614],{"class":4491},[43,66389,66390],{"class":49}," search_value ",[43,66392,4498],{"class":97},[43,66394,704],{"class":49},[43,66396,7009],{"class":53},[43,66398,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66414],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,66400,8687],{"class":141},[43,66402,145],{"class":53},[43,66404,8427],{"class":148},[43,66406,79],{"class":53},[43,66408,36476],{"class":148},[43,66410,145],{"class":53},[43,66412,66413],{"class":148},"search_value",[43,66415,2377],{"class":53},[43,66417,66418,66420],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,66419,28058],{"class":4491},[43,66421,7009],{"class":53},[43,66423,66424,66426,66428,66430,66433,66435],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,66425,8687],{"class":141},[43,66427,145],{"class":53},[43,66429,265],{"class":264},[43,66431,66432],{"class":268},"Item not found",[43,66434,265],{"class":264},[43,66436,346],{"class":53},[14,66438,349],{},[34,66440,66442],{"className":36,"code":66441,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Item not found\n",[18,66443,66444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66445,66446,66449,66451],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66447,66448],{"class":49},"Item ",[43,66450,1957],{"class":97},[43,66452,66453],{"class":49}," found\n",[14,66455,66456],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,66458,66459,66460,79],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[269,66461,66463],{"href":66462},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[81,66465,5134],{"id":5133},[14,66467,21833,66468,59],{},[18,66469,65491],{},[389,66471,66472,66490,66502,66562],{},[392,66473,26398,66474,3004,66476,66479,66480,66482,66483,5775,66485,66487,66488,79],{},[18,66475,59594],{},[18,66477,66478],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10465,66481],{},"\nPython does ",[76,66484,1957],{},[18,66486,66478],{},". It raises ",[18,66489,1553],{},[392,66491,66492,66493,66495,66498,66499,66501],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10465,66494],{},[18,66496,66497],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,66500,65898],{},", not the value itself.",[392,66503,2445,66504,11713,66507,66509,66511,66512,17277,66514,66537,1970,66539],{},[18,66505,66506],{},"index[]",[18,66508,59594],{},[10465,66510],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10465,66513],{},[34,66515,66517],{"className":36,"code":66516,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,66518,66519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66520,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66522,8427],{"class":49},[43,66524,79],{"class":53},[43,66526,36476],{"class":148},[43,66528,145],{"class":53},[43,66530,265],{"class":264},[43,66532,4703],{"class":268},[43,66534,265],{"class":264},[43,66536,346],{"class":53},[10465,66538],{},[34,66540,66542],{"className":36,"code":66541,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,66543,66544],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66547,8427],{"class":49},[43,66549,79],{"class":53},[43,66551,36476],{"class":25373},[43,66553,54],{"class":53},[43,66555,265],{"class":264},[43,66557,4703],{"class":268},[43,66559,265],{"class":264},[43,66561,68],{"class":53},[392,66563,66564,66565,66567,1233,66570,66572,66573],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10465,66566],{},[18,66568,66569],{},"\"3\"",[18,66571,181],{}," are different values in Python.",[34,66574,66576],{"className":36,"code":66575,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,66577,66578,66598],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66579,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66581,94],{"class":49},[43,66583,98],{"class":97},[43,66585,101],{"class":53},[43,66587,154],{"class":104},[43,66589,108],{"class":53},[43,66591,1525],{"class":104},[43,66593,108],{"class":53},[43,66595,1530],{"class":104},[43,66597,68],{"class":53},[43,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66601,142],{"class":141},[43,66603,145],{"class":53},[43,66605,265],{"class":264},[43,66607,181],{"class":268},[43,66609,265],{"class":264},[43,66611,21795],{"class":4491},[43,66613,2071],{"class":148},[43,66615,4272],{"class":53},[43,66617,5386],{"class":165},[14,66619,66620],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[34,66622,66624],{"className":36,"code":66623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,66625,66626,66636,66650,66664],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66629,142],{"class":141},[43,66631,145],{"class":53},[43,66633,50],{"class":148},[43,66635,346],{"class":53},[43,66637,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66639,142],{"class":141},[43,66641,145],{"class":53},[43,66643,3832],{"class":3510},[43,66645,145],{"class":53},[43,66647,66413],{"class":148},[43,66649,2377],{"class":53},[43,66651,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,66653,142],{"class":141},[43,66655,145],{"class":53},[43,66657,66371],{"class":148},[43,66659,4498],{"class":4491},[43,66661,9014],{"class":148},[43,66663,346],{"class":53},[43,66665,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,66667,142],{"class":141},[43,66669,145],{"class":53},[43,66671,50],{"class":148},[43,66673,79],{"class":53},[43,66675,36476],{"class":148},[43,66677,145],{"class":53},[43,66679,66413],{"class":148},[43,66681,2377],{"class":53},[14,66683,66684],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66686,66687],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[389,66689,66690,66693,66700,66706],{},[392,66691,66692],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[392,66694,66695,66696,11713,66698],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66697,66569],{},[18,66699,181],{},[392,66701,66702,66703,66705],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66704,59594],{}," returns only the first one",[392,66707,66708],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[81,66710,5576,66712],{"id":66711},"when-to-use-index",[18,66713,59594],{},[14,66715,230,66716,11221],{},[18,66717,59594],{},[389,66719,66720,66723,66726],{},[392,66721,66722],{},"You need the position of a known value",[392,66724,66725],{},"You are working with a small list",[392,66727,66728],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66730,66731],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[81,66733,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,66735,2476,66737,5759],{"id":66736},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66738,65491],{},[14,66740,66741],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1499,66743,13328,66745,5775,66747,66749],{"id":66744},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66746,65491],{},[18,66748,66478],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66751,66752,66753,7247],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66754,1553],{},[1499,66756,5784,66758,66760],{"id":66757},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66759,65491],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66762,66763],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1499,66765,66767,66768,2490],{"id":66766},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66769,59594],{},[14,66771,66772,66773,1233,66775,66777],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66774,20],{},[18,66776,53288],{}," arguments.",[81,66779,2497],{"id":2496},[389,66781,66782,66786,66790,66794],{},[392,66783,66784],{},[269,66785,59582],{"href":65919},[392,66787,66788],{},[269,66789,53399],{"href":55198},[392,66791,66792],{},[269,66793,66463],{"href":66462},[392,66795,66796],{},[269,66797,56148,66798,11361],{"href":59653},[18,66799,57916],{},[2536,66801,66802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":66804},[66805,66806,66808,66809,66810,66811,66812,66814,66815,66816,66818,66828],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":65588,"depth":131,"text":66807},"What list.index() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648},{"id":65794,"depth":131,"text":65795},{"id":65923,"depth":131,"text":65924},{"id":66030,"depth":131,"text":66813},"Using start and end",{"id":66253,"depth":131,"text":66254},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134},{"id":66711,"depth":131,"text":66817},"When to use index()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":66819},[66820,66822,66824,66826],{"id":66736,"depth":138,"text":66821},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66744,"depth":138,"text":66823},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66757,"depth":138,"text":66825},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66766,"depth":138,"text":66827},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65479,"description":66829},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66836,"title":66837,"body":66838,"description":68780,"extension":2572,"meta":68781,"navigation":134,"path":68782,"seo":68783,"stem":68784,"__hash__":68785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66839,"toc":68740},[66840,66845,66850,66853,66862,66919,66925,66930,66934,66948,66954,66956,66979,66996,66998,67059,67061,67093,67106,67108,67111,67211,67213,67291,67297,67301,67309,67313,67319,67374,67376,67400,67404,67407,67460,67462,67486,67490,67493,67546,67548,67572,67576,67582,67653,67655,67696,67702,67709,67712,67717,67725,67730,67738,67740,67837,67839,67908,67915,67920,67922,67926,67931,67933,68004,68006,68035,68041,68043,68070,68073,68096,68100,68103,68125,68128,68151,68153,68213,68215,68247,68253,68258,68311,68313,68338,68341,68390,68392,68413,68417,68422,68425,68480,68482,68509,68516,68520,68525,68596,68599,68613,68618,68623,68625,68639,68651,68656,68658,68663,68668,68672,68675,68681,68687,68694,68702,68704,68737],[10,66841,54970,66843,11943],{"id":66842},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66844,54896],{},[14,66846,66847,66849],{},[18,66848,54539],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66851,66852],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66854,230,66855,66857,66858,79],{},[18,66856,54896],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[269,66859,56148,66860,11361],{"href":57396},[18,66861,53280],{},[34,66863,66865],{"className":36,"code":66864,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66866,66867,66887,66905,66915],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66868,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66870,94],{"class":49},[43,66872,98],{"class":97},[43,66874,101],{"class":53},[43,66876,154],{"class":104},[43,66878,108],{"class":53},[43,66880,1525],{"class":104},[43,66882,108],{"class":53},[43,66884,3064],{"class":104},[43,66886,68],{"class":53},[43,66888,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,66890,149],{"class":49},[43,66892,79],{"class":53},[43,66894,54579],{"class":148},[43,66896,145],{"class":53},[43,66898,201],{"class":104},[43,66900,108],{"class":53},[43,66902,1530],{"class":104},[43,66904,346],{"class":53},[43,66906,66907,66909,66911,66913],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,66908,142],{"class":141},[43,66910,145],{"class":53},[43,66912,149],{"class":148},[43,66914,346],{"class":53},[43,66916,66917],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,66918,53351],{"class":165},[14,66920,230,66921,66924],{},[18,66922,66923],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[81,66926,4289,66928,4292],{"id":66927},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66929,54539],{},[14,66931,66932,59],{},[18,66933,54539],{},[389,66935,66936,66939,66942,66944],{},[392,66937,66938],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[392,66940,66941],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[392,66943,55056],{},[392,66945,12045,66946],{},[18,66947,4391],{},[14,66949,66950,66951,66953],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66952,54896],{}," does not create a new list.",[81,66955,6047],{"id":6046},[34,66957,66959],{"className":36,"code":66958,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66960,66961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66962,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66964,50],{"class":49},[43,66966,79],{"class":53},[43,66968,54579],{"class":148},[43,66970,145],{"class":53},[43,66972,36476],{"class":148},[43,66974,108],{"class":53},[43,66976,30132],{"class":148},[43,66978,346],{"class":53},[389,66980,66981,66986,66991],{},[392,66982,66983,66985],{},[18,66984,36476],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[392,66987,66988,66990],{},[18,66989,23933],{}," is the value to add",[392,66992,66993,66994],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66995,1277],{},[14,66997,494],{},[34,66999,67001],{"className":36,"code":67000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67002,67003,67027,67049],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67004,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67006,257],{"class":49},[43,67008,98],{"class":97},[43,67010,101],{"class":53},[43,67012,265],{"class":264},[43,67014,269],{"class":268},[43,67016,265],{"class":264},[43,67018,108],{"class":53},[43,67020,276],{"class":264},[43,67022,288],{"class":268},[43,67024,265],{"class":264},[43,67026,68],{"class":53},[43,67028,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67030,1079],{"class":49},[43,67032,79],{"class":53},[43,67034,54579],{"class":148},[43,67036,145],{"class":53},[43,67038,154],{"class":104},[43,67040,108],{"class":53},[43,67042,276],{"class":264},[43,67044,279],{"class":268},[43,67046,265],{"class":264},[43,67048,346],{"class":53},[43,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67052,142],{"class":141},[43,67054,145],{"class":53},[43,67056,1079],{"class":148},[43,67058,346],{"class":53},[14,67060,349],{},[34,67062,67063],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67064,67065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67066,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67068,54],{"class":53},[43,67070,361],{"class":264},[43,67072,269],{"class":268},[43,67074,361],{"class":264},[43,67076,108],{"class":53},[43,67078,370],{"class":264},[43,67080,279],{"class":268},[43,67082,361],{"class":264},[43,67084,108],{"class":53},[43,67086,370],{"class":264},[43,67088,288],{"class":268},[43,67090,361],{"class":264},[43,67092,68],{"class":53},[14,67094,21392,67095,67097,67098,67100,67101,1233,67103,79],{},[18,67096,66219],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,67099,154],{},", so it appears between ",[18,67102,18718],{},[18,67104,67105],{},"\"c\"",[81,67107,6403],{"id":6402},[14,67109,67110],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[34,67112,67114],{"className":36,"code":67113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,67115,67116,67148,67166,67170,67192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67119,13700],{"class":49},[43,67121,98],{"class":97},[43,67123,101],{"class":53},[43,67125,265],{"class":264},[43,67127,13717],{"class":268},[43,67129,265],{"class":264},[43,67131,108],{"class":53},[43,67133,276],{"class":264},[43,67135,13734],{"class":268},[43,67137,265],{"class":264},[43,67139,108],{"class":53},[43,67141,276],{"class":264},[43,67143,18077],{"class":268},[43,67145,265],{"class":264},[43,67147,68],{"class":53},[43,67149,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67151,142],{"class":141},[43,67153,145],{"class":53},[43,67155,265],{"class":264},[43,67157,12186],{"class":268},[43,67159,265],{"class":264},[43,67161,108],{"class":53},[43,67163,13748],{"class":148},[43,67165,346],{"class":53},[43,67167,67168],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67169,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,67173,18124],{"class":49},[43,67175,79],{"class":53},[43,67177,54579],{"class":148},[43,67179,145],{"class":53},[43,67181,154],{"class":104},[43,67183,108],{"class":53},[43,67185,276],{"class":264},[43,67187,23146],{"class":268},[43,67189,265],{"class":264},[43,67191,346],{"class":53},[43,67193,67194,67196,67198,67200,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,67195,142],{"class":141},[43,67197,145],{"class":53},[43,67199,265],{"class":264},[43,67201,67202],{"class":268},"After: ",[43,67204,265],{"class":264},[43,67206,108],{"class":53},[43,67208,13748],{"class":148},[43,67210,346],{"class":53},[14,67212,349],{},[34,67214,67216],{"className":36,"code":67215,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,67217,67218,67250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67221,12246],{"class":49},[43,67223,59],{"class":53},[43,67225,101],{"class":53},[43,67227,361],{"class":264},[43,67229,13717],{"class":268},[43,67231,361],{"class":264},[43,67233,108],{"class":53},[43,67235,370],{"class":264},[43,67237,13734],{"class":268},[43,67239,361],{"class":264},[43,67241,108],{"class":53},[43,67243,370],{"class":264},[43,67245,18077],{"class":268},[43,67247,361],{"class":264},[43,67249,68],{"class":53},[43,67251,67252,67254,67256,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67253,12299],{"class":49},[43,67255,59],{"class":53},[43,67257,67258],{"class":53},"  [",[43,67260,361],{"class":264},[43,67262,13717],{"class":268},[43,67264,361],{"class":264},[43,67266,108],{"class":53},[43,67268,370],{"class":264},[43,67270,23146],{"class":268},[43,67272,361],{"class":264},[43,67274,108],{"class":53},[43,67276,370],{"class":264},[43,67278,13734],{"class":268},[43,67280,361],{"class":264},[43,67282,108],{"class":53},[43,67284,370],{"class":264},[43,67286,18077],{"class":268},[43,67288,361],{"class":264},[43,67290,68],{"class":53},[14,67292,67293,67294,67296],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,67295,154],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[81,67298,67300],{"id":67299},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,67302,1242,67303,35959,67305,67308],{},[18,67304,36476],{},[18,67306,67307],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1499,67310,67312],{"id":67311},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,67314,67315,67316,67318],{},"Use index ",[18,67317,1277],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[34,67320,67322],{"className":36,"code":67321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,67323,67324,67345,67364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67325,67326,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67327,67328],{"class":49},"nums ",[43,67330,98],{"class":97},[43,67332,101],{"class":53},[43,67334,201],{"class":104},[43,67336,108],{"class":53},[43,67338,1530],{"class":104},[43,67340,108],{"class":53},[43,67342,3064],{"class":104},[43,67344,68],{"class":53},[43,67346,67347,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67348,67349],{"class":49},"nums",[43,67351,79],{"class":53},[43,67353,54579],{"class":148},[43,67355,145],{"class":53},[43,67357,1277],{"class":104},[43,67359,108],{"class":53},[43,67361,6113],{"class":104},[43,67363,346],{"class":53},[43,67365,67366,67368,67370,67372],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67367,142],{"class":141},[43,67369,145],{"class":53},[43,67371,67349],{"class":148},[43,67373,346],{"class":53},[14,67375,349],{},[34,67377,67378],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67379,67380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67383,54],{"class":53},[43,67385,154],{"class":104},[43,67387,108],{"class":53},[43,67389,1525],{"class":104},[43,67391,108],{"class":53},[43,67393,1530],{"class":104},[43,67395,108],{"class":53},[43,67397,3064],{"class":104},[43,67399,68],{"class":53},[1499,67401,67403],{"id":67402},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,67405,67406],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[34,67408,67410],{"className":36,"code":67409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,67411,67412,67432,67450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67413,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67415,67328],{"class":49},[43,67417,98],{"class":97},[43,67419,101],{"class":53},[43,67421,154],{"class":104},[43,67423,108],{"class":53},[43,67425,1525],{"class":104},[43,67427,108],{"class":53},[43,67429,3064],{"class":104},[43,67431,68],{"class":53},[43,67433,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67435,67349],{"class":49},[43,67437,79],{"class":53},[43,67439,54579],{"class":148},[43,67441,145],{"class":53},[43,67443,201],{"class":104},[43,67445,108],{"class":53},[43,67447,1530],{"class":104},[43,67449,346],{"class":53},[43,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67453,142],{"class":141},[43,67455,145],{"class":53},[43,67457,67349],{"class":148},[43,67459,346],{"class":53},[14,67461,349],{},[34,67463,67464],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67465,67466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67467,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67469,54],{"class":53},[43,67471,154],{"class":104},[43,67473,108],{"class":53},[43,67475,1525],{"class":104},[43,67477,108],{"class":53},[43,67479,1530],{"class":104},[43,67481,108],{"class":53},[43,67483,3064],{"class":104},[43,67485,68],{"class":53},[1499,67487,67489],{"id":67488},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67491,67492],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[34,67494,67496],{"className":36,"code":67495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,67497,67498,67518,67536],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67499,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67501,67328],{"class":49},[43,67503,98],{"class":97},[43,67505,101],{"class":53},[43,67507,154],{"class":104},[43,67509,108],{"class":53},[43,67511,1525],{"class":104},[43,67513,108],{"class":53},[43,67515,1530],{"class":104},[43,67517,68],{"class":53},[43,67519,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67521,67349],{"class":49},[43,67523,79],{"class":53},[43,67525,54579],{"class":148},[43,67527,145],{"class":53},[43,67529,105],{"class":104},[43,67531,108],{"class":53},[43,67533,3064],{"class":104},[43,67535,346],{"class":53},[43,67537,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67539,142],{"class":141},[43,67541,145],{"class":53},[43,67543,67349],{"class":148},[43,67545,346],{"class":53},[14,67547,349],{},[34,67549,67550],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67551,67552],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67555,54],{"class":53},[43,67557,154],{"class":104},[43,67559,108],{"class":53},[43,67561,1525],{"class":104},[43,67563,108],{"class":53},[43,67565,1530],{"class":104},[43,67567,108],{"class":53},[43,67569,3064],{"class":104},[43,67571,68],{"class":53},[1499,67573,67575],{"id":67574},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67577,67578,67579,67581],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,67580,54896],{}," places the item before that position.",[34,67583,67585],{"className":36,"code":67584,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67586,67587,67619,67643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67590,257],{"class":49},[43,67592,98],{"class":97},[43,67594,101],{"class":53},[43,67596,265],{"class":264},[43,67598,269],{"class":268},[43,67600,265],{"class":264},[43,67602,108],{"class":53},[43,67604,276],{"class":264},[43,67606,279],{"class":268},[43,67608,265],{"class":264},[43,67610,108],{"class":53},[43,67612,276],{"class":264},[43,67614,297],{"class":268},[43,67616,265],{"class":264},[43,67618,68],{"class":53},[43,67620,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67622,1079],{"class":49},[43,67624,79],{"class":53},[43,67626,54579],{"class":148},[43,67628,145],{"class":53},[43,67630,220],{"class":97},[43,67632,154],{"class":104},[43,67634,108],{"class":53},[43,67636,276],{"class":264},[43,67638,288],{"class":268},[43,67640,265],{"class":264},[43,67642,346],{"class":53},[43,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67646,142],{"class":141},[43,67648,145],{"class":53},[43,67650,1079],{"class":148},[43,67652,346],{"class":53},[14,67654,349],{},[34,67656,67658],{"className":36,"code":67657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67659,67660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67661,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67663,54],{"class":53},[43,67665,361],{"class":264},[43,67667,269],{"class":268},[43,67669,361],{"class":264},[43,67671,108],{"class":53},[43,67673,370],{"class":264},[43,67675,279],{"class":268},[43,67677,361],{"class":264},[43,67679,108],{"class":53},[43,67681,370],{"class":264},[43,67683,288],{"class":268},[43,67685,361],{"class":264},[43,67687,108],{"class":53},[43,67689,370],{"class":264},[43,67691,297],{"class":268},[43,67693,361],{"class":264},[43,67695,68],{"class":53},[14,67697,67698,67699,2911],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[269,67700,67701],{"href":418},"Python lists beginner guide",[81,67703,67705,11205,67707],{"id":67704},"insert-vs-append",[18,67706,54896],{},[18,67708,53280],{},[14,67710,67711],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1499,67713,230,67715,11221],{"id":67714},"use-insert-when",[18,67716,54896],{},[389,67718,67719,67722],{},[392,67720,67721],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[392,67723,67724],{},"The order of the list matters",[1499,67726,230,67728,11221],{"id":67727},"use-append-when",[18,67729,53280],{},[389,67731,67732,67735],{},[392,67733,67734],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[392,67736,67737],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67739,494],{},[34,67741,67743],{"className":36,"code":67742,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67744,67745,67769,67773,67795,67805,67809,67827],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67746,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67748,8398],{"class":49},[43,67750,98],{"class":97},[43,67752,101],{"class":53},[43,67754,265],{"class":264},[43,67756,4694],{"class":268},[43,67758,265],{"class":264},[43,67760,108],{"class":53},[43,67762,276],{"class":264},[43,67764,33848],{"class":268},[43,67766,265],{"class":264},[43,67768,68],{"class":53},[43,67770,67771],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,67774,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67776,8427],{"class":49},[43,67778,79],{"class":53},[43,67780,54579],{"class":148},[43,67782,145],{"class":53},[43,67784,154],{"class":104},[43,67786,108],{"class":53},[43,67788,276],{"class":264},[43,67790,4703],{"class":268},[43,67792,265],{"class":264},[43,67794,346],{"class":53},[43,67796,67797,67799,67801,67803],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,67798,142],{"class":141},[43,67800,145],{"class":53},[43,67802,8427],{"class":148},[43,67804,346],{"class":53},[43,67806,67807],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,67808,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,67810,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,67812,8427],{"class":49},[43,67814,79],{"class":53},[43,67816,14178],{"class":148},[43,67818,145],{"class":53},[43,67820,265],{"class":264},[43,67822,23155],{"class":268},[43,67824,265],{"class":264},[43,67826,346],{"class":53},[43,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,67830,142],{"class":141},[43,67832,145],{"class":53},[43,67834,8427],{"class":148},[43,67836,346],{"class":53},[14,67838,349],{},[34,67840,67842],{"className":36,"code":67841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67843,67844,67872],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67847,54],{"class":53},[43,67849,361],{"class":264},[43,67851,4694],{"class":268},[43,67853,361],{"class":264},[43,67855,108],{"class":53},[43,67857,370],{"class":264},[43,67859,4703],{"class":268},[43,67861,361],{"class":264},[43,67863,108],{"class":53},[43,67865,370],{"class":264},[43,67867,33848],{"class":268},[43,67869,361],{"class":264},[43,67871,68],{"class":53},[43,67873,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67875,54],{"class":53},[43,67877,361],{"class":264},[43,67879,4694],{"class":268},[43,67881,361],{"class":264},[43,67883,108],{"class":53},[43,67885,370],{"class":264},[43,67887,4703],{"class":268},[43,67889,361],{"class":264},[43,67891,108],{"class":53},[43,67893,370],{"class":264},[43,67895,33848],{"class":268},[43,67897,361],{"class":264},[43,67899,108],{"class":53},[43,67901,370],{"class":264},[43,67903,23155],{"class":268},[43,67905,361],{"class":264},[43,67907,68],{"class":53},[14,67909,67910,67911,79],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[269,67912,56148,67913,11361],{"href":57396},[18,67914,53280],{},[14,67916,67917,67918,79],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[269,67919,53677],{"href":53676},[81,67921,5134],{"id":5133},[14,67923,15358,67924,79],{},[18,67925,54896],{},[1499,67927,13218,67929],{"id":67928},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67930,54896],{},[14,67932,26314],{},[34,67934,67936],{"className":36,"code":67935,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67937,67938,67958,67980,67984,67994],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67939,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67941,94],{"class":49},[43,67943,98],{"class":97},[43,67945,101],{"class":53},[43,67947,154],{"class":104},[43,67949,108],{"class":53},[43,67951,1525],{"class":104},[43,67953,108],{"class":53},[43,67955,1530],{"class":104},[43,67957,68],{"class":53},[43,67959,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,67961,2836],{"class":49},[43,67963,98],{"class":97},[43,67965,2071],{"class":49},[43,67967,79],{"class":53},[43,67969,54579],{"class":148},[43,67971,145],{"class":53},[43,67973,154],{"class":104},[43,67975,108],{"class":53},[43,67977,10816],{"class":104},[43,67979,346],{"class":53},[43,67981,67982],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,67983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,67987,142],{"class":141},[43,67989,145],{"class":53},[43,67991,2871],{"class":148},[43,67993,346],{"class":53},[43,67995,67996,67998,68000,68002],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,67997,142],{"class":141},[43,67999,145],{"class":53},[43,68001,149],{"class":148},[43,68003,346],{"class":53},[14,68005,349],{},[34,68007,68009],{"className":36,"code":68008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,68010,68011,68015],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68012,68013],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68014,12431],{"class":4466},[43,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68018,54],{"class":53},[43,68020,154],{"class":104},[43,68022,108],{"class":53},[43,68024,10816],{"class":104},[43,68026,108],{"class":53},[43,68028,1525],{"class":104},[43,68030,108],{"class":53},[43,68032,1530],{"class":104},[43,68034,68],{"class":53},[14,68036,68037,54781,68039,79],{},[18,68038,54896],{},[18,68040,4391],{},[14,68042,1970],{},[34,68044,68046],{"className":36,"code":68045,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,68047,68048],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68051,56518],{"class":49},[43,68053,98],{"class":97},[43,68055,2071],{"class":49},[43,68057,79],{"class":53},[43,68059,54579],{"class":148},[43,68061,145],{"class":53},[43,68063,154],{"class":104},[43,68065,108],{"class":53},[43,68067,10816],{"class":104},[43,68069,346],{"class":53},[14,68071,68072],{},"Right:",[34,68074,68076],{"className":36,"code":68075,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,68077,68078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68079,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68081,149],{"class":49},[43,68083,79],{"class":53},[43,68085,54579],{"class":148},[43,68087,145],{"class":53},[43,68089,154],{"class":104},[43,68091,108],{"class":53},[43,68093,10816],{"class":104},[43,68095,346],{"class":53},[1499,68097,68099],{"id":68098},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,68101,68102],{},"The correct order is:",[34,68104,68105],{"className":36,"code":66958,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68106,68107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68108,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68110,50],{"class":49},[43,68112,79],{"class":53},[43,68114,54579],{"class":148},[43,68116,145],{"class":53},[43,68118,36476],{"class":148},[43,68120,108],{"class":53},[43,68122,30132],{"class":148},[43,68124,346],{"class":53},[14,68126,68127],{},"Not:",[34,68129,68131],{"className":36,"code":68130,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,68132,68133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68136,50],{"class":49},[43,68138,79],{"class":53},[43,68140,54579],{"class":148},[43,68142,145],{"class":53},[43,68144,23933],{"class":148},[43,68146,108],{"class":53},[43,68148,36451],{"class":148},[43,68150,346],{"class":53},[14,68152,494],{},[34,68154,68155],{"className":36,"code":67000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68156,68157,68181,68203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68158,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68160,257],{"class":49},[43,68162,98],{"class":97},[43,68164,101],{"class":53},[43,68166,265],{"class":264},[43,68168,269],{"class":268},[43,68170,265],{"class":264},[43,68172,108],{"class":53},[43,68174,276],{"class":264},[43,68176,288],{"class":268},[43,68178,265],{"class":264},[43,68180,68],{"class":53},[43,68182,68183,68185,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68184,1079],{"class":49},[43,68186,79],{"class":53},[43,68188,54579],{"class":148},[43,68190,145],{"class":53},[43,68192,154],{"class":104},[43,68194,108],{"class":53},[43,68196,276],{"class":264},[43,68198,279],{"class":268},[43,68200,265],{"class":264},[43,68202,346],{"class":53},[43,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68206,142],{"class":141},[43,68208,145],{"class":53},[43,68210,1079],{"class":148},[43,68212,346],{"class":53},[14,68214,349],{},[34,68216,68217],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68218,68219],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68220,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68222,54],{"class":53},[43,68224,361],{"class":264},[43,68226,269],{"class":268},[43,68228,361],{"class":264},[43,68230,108],{"class":53},[43,68232,370],{"class":264},[43,68234,279],{"class":268},[43,68236,361],{"class":264},[43,68238,108],{"class":53},[43,68240,370],{"class":264},[43,68242,288],{"class":268},[43,68244,361],{"class":264},[43,68246,68],{"class":53},[1499,68248,9071,68250,68252],{"id":68249},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,68251,54896],{}," to replace an item",[14,68254,68255,68257],{},[18,68256,54896],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[34,68259,68261],{"className":36,"code":68260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,68262,68263,68283,68301],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68264,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68266,94],{"class":49},[43,68268,98],{"class":97},[43,68270,101],{"class":53},[43,68272,154],{"class":104},[43,68274,108],{"class":53},[43,68276,1525],{"class":104},[43,68278,108],{"class":53},[43,68280,1530],{"class":104},[43,68282,68],{"class":53},[43,68284,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68286,149],{"class":49},[43,68288,79],{"class":53},[43,68290,54579],{"class":148},[43,68292,145],{"class":53},[43,68294,154],{"class":104},[43,68296,108],{"class":53},[43,68298,10816],{"class":104},[43,68300,346],{"class":53},[43,68302,68303,68305,68307,68309],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68304,142],{"class":141},[43,68306,145],{"class":53},[43,68308,149],{"class":148},[43,68310,346],{"class":53},[14,68312,349],{},[34,68314,68316],{"className":36,"code":68315,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,68317,68318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68321,54],{"class":53},[43,68323,154],{"class":104},[43,68325,108],{"class":53},[43,68327,10816],{"class":104},[43,68329,108],{"class":53},[43,68331,1525],{"class":104},[43,68333,108],{"class":53},[43,68335,1530],{"class":104},[43,68337,68],{"class":53},[14,68339,68340],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[34,68342,68344],{"className":36,"code":68343,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,68345,68346,68366,68380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68347,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68349,94],{"class":49},[43,68351,98],{"class":97},[43,68353,101],{"class":53},[43,68355,154],{"class":104},[43,68357,108],{"class":53},[43,68359,1525],{"class":104},[43,68361,108],{"class":53},[43,68363,1530],{"class":104},[43,68365,68],{"class":53},[43,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68369,149],{"class":49},[43,68371,54],{"class":53},[43,68373,154],{"class":104},[43,68375,13898],{"class":53},[43,68377,13901],{"class":97},[43,68379,14755],{"class":104},[43,68381,68382,68384,68386,68388],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68383,142],{"class":141},[43,68385,145],{"class":53},[43,68387,149],{"class":148},[43,68389,346],{"class":53},[14,68391,349],{},[34,68393,68395],{"className":36,"code":68394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,68396,68397],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68398,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68400,54],{"class":53},[43,68402,154],{"class":104},[43,68404,108],{"class":53},[43,68406,10816],{"class":104},[43,68408,108],{"class":53},[43,68410,1530],{"class":104},[43,68412,68],{"class":53},[1499,68414,68416],{"id":68415},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,68418,68419,68421],{},[18,68420,54896],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,68423,68424],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[34,68426,68428],{"className":36,"code":68427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,68429,68430,68446,68470],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68431,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68433,94],{"class":49},[43,68435,98],{"class":97},[43,68437,101],{"class":53},[43,68439,154],{"class":104},[43,68441,108],{"class":53},[43,68443,3064],{"class":104},[43,68445,68],{"class":53},[43,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68449,149],{"class":49},[43,68451,79],{"class":53},[43,68453,54579],{"class":148},[43,68455,145],{"class":53},[43,68457,154],{"class":104},[43,68459,108],{"class":53},[43,68461,101],{"class":53},[43,68463,201],{"class":104},[43,68465,108],{"class":53},[43,68467,1530],{"class":104},[43,68469,1547],{"class":53},[43,68471,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68473,142],{"class":141},[43,68475,145],{"class":53},[43,68477,149],{"class":148},[43,68479,346],{"class":53},[14,68481,349],{},[34,68483,68485],{"className":36,"code":68484,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,68486,68487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68488,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68490,54],{"class":53},[43,68492,154],{"class":104},[43,68494,108],{"class":53},[43,68496,101],{"class":53},[43,68498,201],{"class":104},[43,68500,108],{"class":53},[43,68502,1530],{"class":104},[43,68504,18684],{"class":53},[43,68506,3064],{"class":104},[43,68508,68],{"class":53},[14,68510,68511,68512,79],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[269,68513,56148,68514,11361],{"href":53972},[18,68515,54074],{},[1499,68517,68519],{"id":68518},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68521,1261,68522,68524],{},[18,68523,54896],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[34,68526,68528],{"className":36,"code":68527,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,68529,68530,68540,68554,68572,68586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68531,68532,68534,68536,68538],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68533,142],{"class":141},[43,68535,145],{"class":53},[43,68537,50],{"class":148},[43,68539,346],{"class":53},[43,68541,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68543,142],{"class":141},[43,68545,145],{"class":53},[43,68547,2370],{"class":141},[43,68549,145],{"class":53},[43,68551,50],{"class":148},[43,68553,2377],{"class":53},[43,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68557,142],{"class":141},[43,68559,145],{"class":53},[43,68561,50],{"class":148},[43,68563,79],{"class":53},[43,68565,54579],{"class":25373},[43,68567,79],{"class":53},[43,68569,35074],{"class":35081},[43,68571,346],{"class":53},[43,68573,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,68575,32779],{"class":141},[43,68577,145],{"class":53},[43,68579,8712],{"class":3510},[43,68581,79],{"class":53},[43,68583,54579],{"class":25373},[43,68585,346],{"class":53},[43,68587,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,68589,3832],{"class":3510},[43,68591,145],{"class":53},[43,68593,50],{"class":148},[43,68595,346],{"class":53},[14,68597,68598],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[389,68600,68601,68604,68607,68610],{},[392,68602,68603],{},"What is currently in the list",[392,68605,68606],{},"How long the list is",[392,68608,68609],{},"That you are working with a real list",[392,68611,68612],{},"How Python describes the method",[81,68614,5576,68616],{"id":68615},"when-to-use-insert",[18,68617,54896],{},[14,68619,230,68620,68622],{},[18,68621,54896],{}," when position matters.",[14,68624,37054],{},[389,68626,68627,68630,68633,68636],{},[392,68628,68629],{},"Ordered menus",[392,68631,68632],{},"Rankings or score lists",[392,68634,68635],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[392,68637,68638],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68640,68641,68642,68644,68645,68647,68648,68650],{},"You usually do ",[76,68643,1957],{}," need ",[18,68646,54896],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,68649,53280],{}," is simpler.",[14,68652,68653,68654,79],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[269,68655,57781],{"href":2509},[81,68657,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,68659,13328,68661,56097],{"id":68660},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68662,54539],{},[14,68664,68665,68666,79],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68667,4391],{},[1499,68669,68671],{"id":68670},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68673,68674],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1499,68676,5784,68678,68680],{"id":68677},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68679,54539],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68682,68683,68684,68686],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68685,54074],{}," or slicing.",[1499,68688,5794,68690,1233,68692,2490],{"id":68689},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68691,54896],{},[18,68693,53280],{},[14,68695,68696,68698,68699,68701],{},[18,68697,54896],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68700,53280],{}," adds only at the end.",[81,68703,2497],{"id":2496},[389,68705,68706,68712,68718,68722,68726,68730],{},[392,68707,68708],{},[269,68709,56148,68710,11361],{"href":57396},[18,68711,53280],{},[392,68713,68714],{},[269,68715,56148,68716,11361],{"href":53972},[18,68717,54074],{},[392,68719,68720],{},[269,68721,54906],{"href":53676},[392,68723,68724],{},[269,68725,53399],{"href":418},[392,68727,68728],{},[269,68729,57854],{"href":2509},[392,68731,68732],{},[269,68733,30973,68734,34261],{"href":54924},[18,68735,68736],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2536,68738,68739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":68741},[68742,68744,68745,68746,68752,68759,68768,68770,68779],{"id":66927,"depth":131,"text":68743},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047},{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":67299,"depth":131,"text":67300,"children":68747},[68748,68749,68750,68751],{"id":67311,"depth":138,"text":67312},{"id":67402,"depth":138,"text":67403},{"id":67488,"depth":138,"text":67489},{"id":67574,"depth":138,"text":67575},{"id":67704,"depth":131,"text":68753,"children":68754},"insert() vs append()",[68755,68757],{"id":67714,"depth":138,"text":68756},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67727,"depth":138,"text":68758},"Use append() when:",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":68760},[68761,68763,68764,68766,68767],{"id":67928,"depth":138,"text":68762},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68098,"depth":138,"text":68099},{"id":68249,"depth":138,"text":68765},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68415,"depth":138,"text":68416},{"id":68518,"depth":138,"text":68519},{"id":68615,"depth":131,"text":68769},"When to use insert()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":68771},[68772,68774,68775,68777],{"id":68660,"depth":138,"text":68773},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68670,"depth":138,"text":68671},{"id":68677,"depth":138,"text":68776},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68689,"depth":138,"text":68778},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66837,"description":68780},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68787,"title":68788,"body":68789,"description":70342,"extension":2572,"meta":70343,"navigation":134,"path":59599,"seo":70344,"stem":70345,"__hash__":70346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68790,"toc":70315},[68791,68797,68806,68855,68857,68865,68871,68873,68891,68897,68902,68905,68908,68923,68925,68977,68979,68987,68995,69002,69004,69010,69075,69077,69085,69087,69106,69109,69160,69164,69169,69196,69198,69206,69209,69278,69280,69295,69301,69305,69314,69317,69372,69374,69382,69385,69387,69432,69434,69442,69448,69450,69458,69461,69463,69502,69504,69543,69548,69550,69552,69587,69590,69592,69630,69634,69640,69642,69693,69695,69703,69710,69713,69734,69737,69792,69803,69805,69866,69868,69877,69882,69888,69891,69894,69951,69954,69967,69974,69980,69986,69988,70001,70004,70101,70103,70120,70123,70205,70207,70229,70236,70242,70244,70248,70254,70260,70265,70269,70272,70278,70285,70287,70312],[10,68792,68794,68795,4272],{"id":68793},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68796,2370],{},[14,68798,68799,68800,68802,68803,68805],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68801,2448],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68804,2448],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[34,68807,68809],{"className":36,"code":68808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68810,68811,68831,68845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68812,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68814,94],{"class":49},[43,68816,98],{"class":97},[43,68818,101],{"class":53},[43,68820,105],{"class":104},[43,68822,108],{"class":53},[43,68824,111],{"class":104},[43,68826,108],{"class":53},[43,68828,116],{"class":104},[43,68830,68],{"class":53},[43,68832,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68834,41867],{"class":49},[43,68836,98],{"class":97},[43,68838,39013],{"class":141},[43,68840,145],{"class":53},[43,68842,149],{"class":148},[43,68844,346],{"class":53},[43,68846,68847,68849,68851,68853],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,68848,142],{"class":141},[43,68850,145],{"class":53},[43,68852,41885],{"class":148},[43,68854,346],{"class":53},[14,68856,349],{},[34,68858,68859],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68860,68861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68862,68863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68864,47244],{"class":104},[14,68866,230,68867,68870],{},[18,68868,68869],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[81,68872,15786],{"id":15785},[389,68874,68875,68880,68885,68888],{},[392,68876,4814,68877,68879],{},[18,68878,2448],{}," works with Python lists",[392,68881,68882,68883,12328],{},"What value ",[18,68884,2448],{},[392,68886,68887],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[392,68889,68890],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[81,68892,4289,68894,68896],{"id":68893},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68895,2448],{}," returns for a list",[14,68898,68899,65709],{},[18,68900,68901],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68903,68904],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68906,68907],{},"A few important points:",[389,68909,68910,68913,68918],{},[392,68911,68912],{},"It counts list items",[392,68914,1954,68915,68917],{},[76,68916,1957],{}," count characters inside a string item",[392,68919,68920,68921],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68922,1277],{},[14,68924,494],{},[34,68926,68928],{"className":36,"code":68927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68929,68930,68963],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68931,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68933,4685],{"class":49},[43,68935,98],{"class":97},[43,68937,101],{"class":53},[43,68939,265],{"class":264},[43,68941,37675],{"class":268},[43,68943,265],{"class":264},[43,68945,108],{"class":53},[43,68947,276],{"class":264},[43,68949,68950],{"class":268},"elephant",[43,68952,265],{"class":264},[43,68954,108],{"class":53},[43,68956,276],{"class":264},[43,68958,58753],{"class":268},[43,68960,265],{"class":264},[43,68962,68],{"class":53},[43,68964,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,68966,142],{"class":141},[43,68968,145],{"class":53},[43,68970,2370],{"class":141},[43,68972,145],{"class":53},[43,68974,4729],{"class":148},[43,68976,2377],{"class":53},[14,68978,349],{},[34,68980,68981],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68982,68983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68984,68985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68986,47244],{"class":104},[14,68988,21599,68989,68992,68993,65716],{},[18,68990,68991],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[76,68994,53284],{},[14,68996,68997,68998,79],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[269,68999,4187,69000,4120],{"href":42984},[18,69001,2448],{},[81,69003,6403],{"id":6402},[14,69005,69006,69007,69009],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,69008,2448],{},", and print the result.",[34,69011,69013],{"className":36,"code":69012,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,69014,69015,69047,69061,69065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69016,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69018,13700],{"class":49},[43,69020,98],{"class":97},[43,69022,101],{"class":53},[43,69024,265],{"class":264},[43,69026,13717],{"class":268},[43,69028,265],{"class":264},[43,69030,108],{"class":53},[43,69032,276],{"class":264},[43,69034,18077],{"class":268},[43,69036,265],{"class":264},[43,69038,108],{"class":53},[43,69040,276],{"class":264},[43,69042,13734],{"class":268},[43,69044,265],{"class":264},[43,69046,68],{"class":53},[43,69048,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69050,41867],{"class":49},[43,69052,98],{"class":97},[43,69054,39013],{"class":141},[43,69056,145],{"class":53},[43,69058,18124],{"class":148},[43,69060,346],{"class":53},[43,69062,69063],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,69064,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,69068,142],{"class":141},[43,69070,145],{"class":53},[43,69072,41885],{"class":148},[43,69074,346],{"class":53},[14,69076,349],{},[34,69078,69079],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69080,69081],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69082,69083],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69084,47244],{"class":104},[14,69086,12306],{},[389,69088,69089,69094,69101],{},[392,69090,69091,69093],{},[18,69092,18124],{}," is a list with 3 items",[392,69095,69096,3004,69099],{},[18,69097,69098],{},"len(colors)",[18,69100,181],{},[392,69102,69103,69104],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,69105,41885],{},[14,69107,69108],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[34,69110,69112],{"className":36,"code":69111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,69113,69114,69146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69115,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69117,13700],{"class":49},[43,69119,98],{"class":97},[43,69121,101],{"class":53},[43,69123,265],{"class":264},[43,69125,13717],{"class":268},[43,69127,265],{"class":264},[43,69129,108],{"class":53},[43,69131,276],{"class":264},[43,69133,18077],{"class":268},[43,69135,265],{"class":264},[43,69137,108],{"class":53},[43,69139,276],{"class":264},[43,69141,13734],{"class":268},[43,69143,265],{"class":264},[43,69145,68],{"class":53},[43,69147,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69149,142],{"class":141},[43,69151,145],{"class":53},[43,69153,2370],{"class":141},[43,69155,145],{"class":53},[43,69157,18124],{"class":148},[43,69159,2377],{"class":53},[81,69161,69163],{"id":69162},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,69165,69166,69167,79],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,69168,1277],{},[34,69170,69172],{"className":36,"code":69171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,69173,69174,69182],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69175,69176,69178,69180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69177,8398],{"class":49},[43,69179,98],{"class":97},[43,69181,8456],{"class":53},[43,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69185,142],{"class":141},[43,69187,145],{"class":53},[43,69189,2370],{"class":141},[43,69191,145],{"class":53},[43,69193,8427],{"class":148},[43,69195,2377],{"class":53},[14,69197,349],{},[34,69199,69200],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69201,69202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69203,69204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69205,47879],{"class":104},[14,69207,69208],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[34,69210,69212],{"className":36,"code":69211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,69213,69214,69222,69226,69244,69258,69264],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69215,69216,69218,69220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69217,8398],{"class":49},[43,69219,98],{"class":97},[43,69221,8456],{"class":53},[43,69223,69224],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69225,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,69227,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,69229,7614],{"class":4491},[43,69231,39013],{"class":141},[43,69233,145],{"class":53},[43,69235,8427],{"class":148},[43,69237,4272],{"class":53},[43,69239,39023],{"class":97},[43,69241,4447],{"class":104},[43,69243,7009],{"class":53},[43,69245,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,69247,8687],{"class":141},[43,69249,145],{"class":53},[43,69251,8427],{"class":148},[43,69253,54],{"class":53},[43,69255,1277],{"class":104},[43,69257,1547],{"class":53},[43,69259,69260,69262],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,69261,28058],{"class":4491},[43,69263,7009],{"class":53},[43,69265,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,69267,8687],{"class":141},[43,69269,145],{"class":53},[43,69271,265],{"class":264},[43,69273,52443],{"class":268},[43,69275,265],{"class":264},[43,69277,346],{"class":53},[14,69279,349],{},[34,69281,69283],{"className":36,"code":69282,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The list is empty\n",[18,69284,69285],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69288,1242],{"class":49},[43,69290,8712],{"class":3510},[43,69292,8715],{"class":97},[43,69294,8721],{"class":49},[14,69296,69297,69298,69300],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[269,69299,53399],{"href":418}," is a good next step.",[81,69302,69304],{"id":69303},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,69306,69307,69309,69310,69313],{},[18,69308,2448],{}," counts only the ",[76,69311,69312],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,69315,69316],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[34,69318,69320],{"className":36,"code":69319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,69321,69322,69358],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69325,9784],{"class":49},[43,69327,98],{"class":97},[43,69329,56922],{"class":53},[43,69331,154],{"class":104},[43,69333,108],{"class":53},[43,69335,1525],{"class":104},[43,69337,18684],{"class":53},[43,69339,101],{"class":53},[43,69341,181],{"class":104},[43,69343,108],{"class":53},[43,69345,3064],{"class":104},[43,69347,18684],{"class":53},[43,69349,101],{"class":53},[43,69351,831],{"class":104},[43,69353,108],{"class":53},[43,69355,38271],{"class":104},[43,69357,53870],{"class":53},[43,69359,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69361,142],{"class":141},[43,69363,145],{"class":53},[43,69365,2370],{"class":141},[43,69367,145],{"class":53},[43,69369,9823],{"class":148},[43,69371,2377],{"class":53},[14,69373,349],{},[34,69375,69376],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69377,69378],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69379,69380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69381,47244],{"class":104},[14,69383,69384],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,69386,52707],{},[34,69388,69390],{"className":36,"code":69389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,69391,69392,69418],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69393,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69395,60099],{"class":49},[43,69397,98],{"class":97},[43,69399,101],{"class":53},[43,69401,154],{"class":104},[43,69403,108],{"class":53},[43,69405,101],{"class":53},[43,69407,201],{"class":104},[43,69409,108],{"class":53},[43,69411,1530],{"class":104},[43,69413,18684],{"class":53},[43,69415,3064],{"class":104},[43,69417,68],{"class":53},[43,69419,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69421,142],{"class":141},[43,69423,145],{"class":53},[43,69425,2370],{"class":141},[43,69427,145],{"class":53},[43,69429,60152],{"class":148},[43,69431,2377],{"class":53},[14,69433,349],{},[34,69435,69436],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69437,69438],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69439,69440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69441,47244],{"class":104},[14,69443,21599,69444,69447],{},[18,69445,69446],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[81,69449,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,69451,2445,69453,11713,69456],{"id":69452},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,69454,69455],{},"my_list.len()",[18,69457,68901],{},[14,69459,69460],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,69462,1970],{},[34,69464,69466],{"className":36,"code":69465,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,69467,69468,69488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69469,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69471,94],{"class":49},[43,69473,98],{"class":97},[43,69475,101],{"class":53},[43,69477,105],{"class":104},[43,69479,108],{"class":53},[43,69481,111],{"class":104},[43,69483,108],{"class":53},[43,69485,116],{"class":104},[43,69487,68],{"class":53},[43,69489,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69491,142],{"class":141},[43,69493,145],{"class":53},[43,69495,149],{"class":148},[43,69497,79],{"class":53},[43,69499,2370],{"class":148},[43,69501,7811],{"class":53},[14,69503,17277],{},[34,69505,69507],{"className":36,"code":69506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,69508,69509,69529],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69510,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69512,94],{"class":49},[43,69514,98],{"class":97},[43,69516,101],{"class":53},[43,69518,105],{"class":104},[43,69520,108],{"class":53},[43,69522,111],{"class":104},[43,69524,108],{"class":53},[43,69526,116],{"class":104},[43,69528,68],{"class":53},[43,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69532,142],{"class":141},[43,69534,145],{"class":53},[43,69536,2370],{"class":141},[43,69538,145],{"class":53},[43,69540,149],{"class":148},[43,69542,2377],{"class":53},[14,69544,69545,69547],{},[18,69546,2448],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1499,69549,26311],{"id":26310},[14,69551,1970],{},[34,69553,69555],{"className":36,"code":69554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,69556,69557,69577],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69560,94],{"class":49},[43,69562,98],{"class":97},[43,69564,101],{"class":53},[43,69566,105],{"class":104},[43,69568,108],{"class":53},[43,69570,111],{"class":104},[43,69572,108],{"class":53},[43,69574,116],{"class":104},[43,69576,68],{"class":53},[43,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69580,142],{"class":141},[43,69582,145],{"class":53},[43,69584,2370],{"class":141},[43,69586,346],{"class":53},[14,69588,69589],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69591,17277],{},[34,69593,69594],{"className":36,"code":69506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69595,69596,69616],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69597,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69599,94],{"class":49},[43,69601,98],{"class":97},[43,69603,101],{"class":53},[43,69605,105],{"class":104},[43,69607,108],{"class":53},[43,69609,111],{"class":104},[43,69611,108],{"class":53},[43,69613,116],{"class":104},[43,69615,68],{"class":53},[43,69617,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69619,142],{"class":141},[43,69621,145],{"class":53},[43,69623,2370],{"class":141},[43,69625,145],{"class":53},[43,69627,149],{"class":148},[43,69629,2377],{"class":53},[1499,69631,69633],{"id":69632},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69635,69636,69637,69639],{},"The length of a list is ",[76,69638,1957],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69641,494],{},[34,69643,69645],{"className":36,"code":69644,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,69646,69647,69679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69648,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69650,257],{"class":49},[43,69652,98],{"class":97},[43,69654,101],{"class":53},[43,69656,265],{"class":264},[43,69658,269],{"class":268},[43,69660,265],{"class":264},[43,69662,108],{"class":53},[43,69664,276],{"class":264},[43,69666,279],{"class":268},[43,69668,265],{"class":264},[43,69670,108],{"class":53},[43,69672,276],{"class":264},[43,69674,288],{"class":268},[43,69676,265],{"class":264},[43,69678,68],{"class":53},[43,69680,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69682,142],{"class":141},[43,69684,145],{"class":53},[43,69686,2370],{"class":141},[43,69688,145],{"class":53},[43,69690,1079],{"class":148},[43,69692,2377],{"class":53},[14,69694,349],{},[34,69696,69697],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69698,69699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69700,69701],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69702,47244],{"class":104},[14,69704,69705,69706,19585,69708,79],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69707,201],{},[18,69709,181],{},[14,69711,69712],{},"Indexes are:",[389,69714,69715,69722,69728],{},[392,69716,69717,69719,69720],{},[18,69718,1277],{}," for ",[18,69721,18718],{},[392,69723,69724,69719,69726],{},[18,69725,154],{},[18,69727,66219],{},[392,69729,69730,69719,69732],{},[18,69731,201],{},[18,69733,67105],{},[14,69735,69736],{},"So this causes an error:",[34,69738,69740],{"className":36,"code":69739,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69741,69742,69774],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69743,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69745,257],{"class":49},[43,69747,98],{"class":97},[43,69749,101],{"class":53},[43,69751,265],{"class":264},[43,69753,269],{"class":268},[43,69755,265],{"class":264},[43,69757,108],{"class":53},[43,69759,276],{"class":264},[43,69761,279],{"class":268},[43,69763,265],{"class":264},[43,69765,108],{"class":53},[43,69767,276],{"class":264},[43,69769,288],{"class":268},[43,69771,265],{"class":264},[43,69773,68],{"class":53},[43,69775,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69777,142],{"class":141},[43,69779,145],{"class":53},[43,69781,1079],{"class":148},[43,69783,54],{"class":53},[43,69785,2370],{"class":141},[43,69787,145],{"class":53},[43,69789,1079],{"class":148},[43,69791,11299],{"class":53},[14,69793,9114,69794,5398,69797,69799,69800,69802],{},[18,69795,69796],{},"len(letters)",[18,69798,181],{},", and index ",[18,69801,181],{}," does not exist.",[14,69804,19462],{},[34,69806,69808],{"className":36,"code":69807,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69809,69810,69842],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69811,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69813,257],{"class":49},[43,69815,98],{"class":97},[43,69817,101],{"class":53},[43,69819,265],{"class":264},[43,69821,269],{"class":268},[43,69823,265],{"class":264},[43,69825,108],{"class":53},[43,69827,276],{"class":264},[43,69829,279],{"class":268},[43,69831,265],{"class":264},[43,69833,108],{"class":53},[43,69835,276],{"class":264},[43,69837,288],{"class":268},[43,69839,265],{"class":264},[43,69841,68],{"class":53},[43,69843,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69845,142],{"class":141},[43,69847,145],{"class":53},[43,69849,1079],{"class":148},[43,69851,54],{"class":53},[43,69853,2370],{"class":141},[43,69855,145],{"class":53},[43,69857,1079],{"class":148},[43,69859,4272],{"class":53},[43,69861,2828],{"class":97},[43,69863,6113],{"class":104},[43,69865,1547],{"class":53},[14,69867,349],{},[34,69869,69871],{"className":36,"code":69870,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"c\n",[18,69872,69873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69874,69875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69876,69870],{"class":49},[14,69878,69879,69880,79],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[269,69881,1837],{"href":1836},[1499,69883,2445,69885,69887],{"id":69884},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69886,2448],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69889,69890],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69892,69893],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[34,69895,69897],{"className":36,"code":69896,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69898,69899,69909,69923,69937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69900,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69902,142],{"class":141},[43,69904,145],{"class":53},[43,69906,50],{"class":148},[43,69908,346],{"class":53},[43,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,69912,142],{"class":141},[43,69914,145],{"class":53},[43,69916,2370],{"class":141},[43,69918,145],{"class":53},[43,69920,50],{"class":148},[43,69922,2377],{"class":53},[43,69924,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,69926,142],{"class":141},[43,69928,145],{"class":53},[43,69930,3832],{"class":3510},[43,69932,145],{"class":53},[43,69934,50],{"class":148},[43,69936,2377],{"class":53},[43,69938,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,69940,142],{"class":141},[43,69942,145],{"class":53},[43,69944,50],{"class":148},[43,69946,54],{"class":53},[43,69948,1277],{"class":104},[43,69950,1547],{"class":53},[14,69952,69953],{},"These help you verify:",[389,69955,69956,69959,69961,69964],{},[392,69957,69958],{},"what the variable contains",[392,69960,61409],{},[392,69962,69963],{},"whether it is really a list",[392,69965,69966],{},"what the first item is",[14,69968,69969,69970,69973],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69971,69972],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[81,69975,5576,69977,69979],{"id":69976},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69978,2448],{}," with lists",[14,69981,69982,69983,69985],{},"You will often use ",[18,69984,2448],{}," in real programs.",[14,69987,9993],{},[389,69989,69990,69992,69995,69998],{},[392,69991,52397],{},[392,69993,69994],{},"Control loops",[392,69996,69997],{},"Validate input or results",[392,69999,70000],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,70002,70003],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[34,70005,70007],{"className":36,"code":70006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,70008,70009,70029,70045,70049,70063,70077],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70010,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70012,3161],{"class":49},[43,70014,98],{"class":97},[43,70016,101],{"class":53},[43,70018,154],{"class":104},[43,70020,108],{"class":53},[43,70022,1525],{"class":104},[43,70024,108],{"class":53},[43,70026,1530],{"class":104},[43,70028,68],{"class":53},[43,70030,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70032,3189],{"class":49},[43,70034,98],{"class":97},[43,70036,101],{"class":53},[43,70038,105],{"class":104},[43,70040,108],{"class":53},[43,70042,111],{"class":104},[43,70044,68],{"class":53},[43,70046,70047],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70048,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70050,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70052,142],{"class":141},[43,70054,145],{"class":53},[43,70056,2370],{"class":141},[43,70058,145],{"class":53},[43,70060,269],{"class":148},[43,70062,2377],{"class":53},[43,70064,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70066,142],{"class":141},[43,70068,145],{"class":53},[43,70070,2370],{"class":141},[43,70072,145],{"class":53},[43,70074,279],{"class":148},[43,70076,2377],{"class":53},[43,70078,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,70080,142],{"class":141},[43,70082,145],{"class":53},[43,70084,2370],{"class":141},[43,70086,145],{"class":53},[43,70088,269],{"class":148},[43,70090,4272],{"class":53},[43,70092,39023],{"class":97},[43,70094,39013],{"class":141},[43,70096,145],{"class":53},[43,70098,279],{"class":148},[43,70100,2377],{"class":53},[14,70102,349],{},[34,70104,70106],{"className":36,"code":70105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,70107,70108,70112,70116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70109,70110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70111,47244],{"class":104},[43,70113,70114],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70115,17678],{"class":104},[43,70117,70118],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70119,4594],{"class":4466},[14,70121,70122],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[34,70124,70126],{"className":36,"code":70125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,70127,70128,70160,70164,70186],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70129,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70131,5610],{"class":49},[43,70133,98],{"class":97},[43,70135,101],{"class":53},[43,70137,265],{"class":264},[43,70139,13505],{"class":268},[43,70141,265],{"class":264},[43,70143,108],{"class":53},[43,70145,276],{"class":264},[43,70147,36571],{"class":268},[43,70149,265],{"class":264},[43,70151,108],{"class":53},[43,70153,276],{"class":264},[43,70155,36580],{"class":268},[43,70157,265],{"class":264},[43,70159,68],{"class":53},[43,70161,70162],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70163,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70165,70166,70168,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70167,6574],{"class":4491},[43,70169,70170],{"class":49}," i ",[43,70172,4498],{"class":4491},[43,70174,54698],{"class":141},[43,70176,145],{"class":53},[43,70178,2370],{"class":141},[43,70180,145],{"class":53},[43,70182,5654],{"class":148},[43,70184,70185],{"class":53},")):\n",[43,70187,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70199,70201,70203],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70189,8687],{"class":141},[43,70191,145],{"class":53},[43,70193,36782],{"class":148},[43,70195,108],{"class":53},[43,70197,70198],{"class":148}," names",[43,70200,54],{"class":53},[43,70202,36782],{"class":148},[43,70204,1547],{"class":53},[14,70206,349],{},[34,70208,70209],{"className":36,"code":36629,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,70210,70211,70217,70223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70212,70213,70215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70214,1277],{"class":104},[43,70216,36638],{"class":49},[43,70218,70219,70221],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70220,154],{"class":104},[43,70222,36645],{"class":49},[43,70224,70225,70227],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70226,201],{"class":104},[43,70228,36652],{"class":49},[14,70230,70231,70232,79],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[269,70233,70235],{"href":70234},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,70237,70238,70239,70241],{},"You can also read ",[269,70240,52174],{"href":52173}," for a task-focused guide.",[81,70243,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,70245,70247],{"id":70246},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,70249,230,70250,70253],{},[18,70251,70252],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1499,70255,2476,70257,13340],{"id":70256},"what-does-len-return",[18,70258,70259],{},"len([])",[14,70261,5762,70262,70264],{},[18,70263,1277],{}," because the list is empty.",[1499,70266,70268],{"id":70267},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,70270,70271],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1499,70273,28953,70275,70277],{"id":70274},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,70276,69455],{}," in Python?",[14,70279,30896,70280,8841,70282,70284],{},[18,70281,68901],{},[18,70283,2448],{}," is a built-in function.",[81,70286,2497],{"id":2496},[389,70288,70289,70295,70299,70303,70307],{},[392,70290,70291],{},[269,70292,4187,70293,4120],{"href":42984},[18,70294,2448],{},[392,70296,70297],{},[269,70298,53218],{"href":52173},[392,70300,70301],{},[269,70302,53399],{"href":418},[392,70304,70305],{},[269,70306,1837],{"href":1836},[392,70308,70309],{},[269,70310,70311],{"href":70234},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2536,70313,70314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":70316},[70317,70318,70320,70321,70322,70323,70331,70333,70341],{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":68893,"depth":131,"text":70319},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":69162,"depth":131,"text":69163},{"id":69303,"depth":131,"text":69304},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":70324},[70325,70327,70328,70329],{"id":69452,"depth":138,"text":70326},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26310,"depth":138,"text":26311},{"id":69632,"depth":138,"text":69633},{"id":69884,"depth":138,"text":70330},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69976,"depth":131,"text":70332},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":70334},[70335,70336,70338,70339],{"id":70246,"depth":138,"text":70247},{"id":70256,"depth":138,"text":70337},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70267,"depth":138,"text":70268},{"id":70274,"depth":138,"text":70340},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68788,"description":70342},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70348,"title":70349,"body":70350,"description":72329,"extension":2572,"meta":72330,"navigation":134,"path":72331,"seo":72332,"stem":72333,"__hash__":72334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70351,"toc":72302},[70352,70355,70360,70363,70371,70384,70386,70451,70453,70474,70479,70483,70488,70496,70498,70508,70510,70591,70593,70623,70625,70644,70649,70666,70668,70751,70753,70783,70788,70792,70798,70882,70884,70914,70917,70921,70924,71015,71017,71055,71058,71143,71145,71175,71181,71188,71192,71197,71206,71208,71293,71295,71324,71327,71335,71339,71343,71351,71374,71376,71398,71400,71414,71416,71476,71480,71485,71524,71526,71543,71545,71555,71654,71659,71663,71668,71711,71713,71741,71743,71757,71832,71834,71856,71860,71863,71868,71879,71884,71892,71895,71966,71968,71993,72050,72052,72073,72082,72090,72095,72097,72102,72123,72126,72201,72204,72218,72225,72227,72231,72237,72241,72251,72255,72262,72266,72272,72274,72299],[10,70353,70349],{"id":70354},"python-list-pop-method",[14,70356,70357,70359],{},[18,70358,55710],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,70361,70362],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[389,70364,70365,70368],{},[392,70366,70367],{},"delete an item from a list",[392,70369,70370],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,70372,70373,70374,70376,70377,1863,70379,70383],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,70375,13387],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,70378,13387],{},[269,70380,70381],{"href":55700},[18,70382,56157],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[81,70385,84],{"id":83},[34,70387,70389],{"className":36,"code":70388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70390,70391,70411,70426,70430,70441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70392,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70394,94],{"class":49},[43,70396,98],{"class":97},[43,70398,101],{"class":53},[43,70400,105],{"class":104},[43,70402,108],{"class":53},[43,70404,111],{"class":104},[43,70406,108],{"class":53},[43,70408,116],{"class":104},[43,70410,68],{"class":53},[43,70412,70413,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70414,70415],{"class":49},"last_item ",[43,70417,98],{"class":97},[43,70419,2071],{"class":49},[43,70421,79],{"class":53},[43,70423,26865],{"class":148},[43,70425,9262],{"class":53},[43,70427,70428],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70429,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70431,70432,70434,70436,70439],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70433,142],{"class":141},[43,70435,145],{"class":53},[43,70437,70438],{"class":148},"last_item",[43,70440,346],{"class":53},[43,70442,70443,70445,70447,70449],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70444,142],{"class":141},[43,70446,145],{"class":53},[43,70448,149],{"class":148},[43,70450,346],{"class":53},[14,70452,349],{},[34,70454,70456],{"className":36,"code":70455,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,70457,70458,70462],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70459,70460],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70461,1620],{"class":104},[43,70463,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70465,54],{"class":53},[43,70467,105],{"class":104},[43,70469,108],{"class":53},[43,70471,111],{"class":104},[43,70473,68],{"class":53},[14,70475,230,70476,70478],{},[18,70477,13387],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[81,70480,70482],{"id":70481},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,70484,70485,70487],{},[18,70486,13387],{}," has two main jobs:",[389,70489,70490,70493],{},[392,70491,70492],{},"It removes one item from a list",[392,70494,70495],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,70497,44276],{},[389,70499,70500,70503,70506],{},[392,70501,70502],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[392,70504,70505],{},"It changes the original list",[392,70507,53373],{},[14,70509,494],{},[34,70511,70513],{"className":36,"code":70512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,70514,70515,70547,70551,70566,70570,70581],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70516,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70518,13700],{"class":49},[43,70520,98],{"class":97},[43,70522,101],{"class":53},[43,70524,265],{"class":264},[43,70526,13717],{"class":268},[43,70528,265],{"class":264},[43,70530,108],{"class":53},[43,70532,276],{"class":264},[43,70534,18077],{"class":268},[43,70536,265],{"class":264},[43,70538,108],{"class":53},[43,70540,276],{"class":264},[43,70542,13734],{"class":268},[43,70544,265],{"class":264},[43,70546,68],{"class":53},[43,70548,70549],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70550,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70552,70553,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70554,70555],{"class":49},"removed ",[43,70557,98],{"class":97},[43,70559,13748],{"class":49},[43,70561,79],{"class":53},[43,70563,26865],{"class":148},[43,70565,9262],{"class":53},[43,70567,70568],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70569,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70571,70572,70574,70576,70579],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70573,142],{"class":141},[43,70575,145],{"class":53},[43,70577,70578],{"class":148},"removed",[43,70580,346],{"class":53},[43,70582,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,70584,142],{"class":141},[43,70586,145],{"class":53},[43,70588,18124],{"class":148},[43,70590,346],{"class":53},[14,70592,349],{},[34,70594,70596],{"className":36,"code":70595,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,70597,70598,70603],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70599,70600],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70601,70602],{"class":49},"blue\n",[43,70604,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70606,54],{"class":53},[43,70608,361],{"class":264},[43,70610,13717],{"class":268},[43,70612,361],{"class":264},[43,70614,108],{"class":53},[43,70616,370],{"class":264},[43,70618,18077],{"class":268},[43,70620,361],{"class":264},[43,70622,68],{"class":53},[81,70624,2763],{"id":2762},[34,70626,70628],{"className":36,"code":70627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,70629,70630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70631,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70633,8712],{"class":3510},[43,70635,79],{"class":53},[43,70637,26865],{"class":148},[43,70639,3595],{"class":53},[43,70641,36476],{"class":148},[43,70643,1547],{"class":53},[14,70645,1242,70646,70648],{},[18,70647,36476],{}," is optional.",[389,70650,70651,70657,70663],{},[392,70652,70653,70654,70656],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70655,13387],{}," removes the last item",[392,70658,70659,70660,70662],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70661,13387],{}," removes the item at that position",[392,70664,70665],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70667,494],{},[34,70669,70671],{"className":36,"code":70670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70672,70673,70705,70709,70727,70731,70741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70674,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70676,257],{"class":49},[43,70678,98],{"class":97},[43,70680,101],{"class":53},[43,70682,265],{"class":264},[43,70684,269],{"class":268},[43,70686,265],{"class":264},[43,70688,108],{"class":53},[43,70690,276],{"class":264},[43,70692,279],{"class":268},[43,70694,265],{"class":264},[43,70696,108],{"class":53},[43,70698,276],{"class":264},[43,70700,288],{"class":268},[43,70702,265],{"class":264},[43,70704,68],{"class":53},[43,70706,70707],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70708,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70710,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70712,29163],{"class":49},[43,70714,98],{"class":97},[43,70716,324],{"class":49},[43,70718,79],{"class":53},[43,70720,26865],{"class":148},[43,70722,145],{"class":53},[43,70724,154],{"class":104},[43,70726,346],{"class":53},[43,70728,70729],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70730,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70732,70733,70735,70737,70739],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70734,142],{"class":141},[43,70736,145],{"class":53},[43,70738,23933],{"class":148},[43,70740,346],{"class":53},[43,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,70744,142],{"class":141},[43,70746,145],{"class":53},[43,70748,1079],{"class":148},[43,70750,346],{"class":53},[14,70752,349],{},[34,70754,70756],{"className":36,"code":70755,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70757,70758,70763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70759,70760],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70761,70762],{"class":49},"b\n",[43,70764,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70766,54],{"class":53},[43,70768,361],{"class":264},[43,70770,269],{"class":268},[43,70772,361],{"class":264},[43,70774,108],{"class":53},[43,70776,370],{"class":264},[43,70778,288],{"class":268},[43,70780,361],{"class":264},[43,70782,68],{"class":53},[14,70784,70785,70786,79],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[269,70787,53399],{"href":418},[81,70789,70791],{"id":70790},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70793,70794,70795,70797],{},"When you call ",[18,70796,13387],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[34,70799,70801],{"className":36,"code":70800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70802,70803,70838,70842,70857,70861,70872],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70816,70818,70820,70822,70825,70827,70829,70831,70834,70836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70806,30523],{"class":49},[43,70808,98],{"class":97},[43,70810,101],{"class":53},[43,70812,265],{"class":264},[43,70814,70815],{"class":268},"write",[43,70817,265],{"class":264},[43,70819,108],{"class":53},[43,70821,276],{"class":264},[43,70823,70824],{"class":268},"test",[43,70826,265],{"class":264},[43,70828,108],{"class":53},[43,70830,276],{"class":264},[43,70832,70833],{"class":268},"submit",[43,70835,265],{"class":264},[43,70837,68],{"class":53},[43,70839,70840],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70841,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70843,70844,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70845,70846],{"class":49},"last_task ",[43,70848,98],{"class":97},[43,70850,30601],{"class":49},[43,70852,79],{"class":53},[43,70854,26865],{"class":148},[43,70856,9262],{"class":53},[43,70858,70859],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70860,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70862,70863,70865,70867,70870],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70864,142],{"class":141},[43,70866,145],{"class":53},[43,70868,70869],{"class":148},"last_task",[43,70871,346],{"class":53},[43,70873,70874,70876,70878,70880],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,70875,142],{"class":141},[43,70877,145],{"class":53},[43,70879,37134],{"class":148},[43,70881,346],{"class":53},[14,70883,349],{},[34,70885,70887],{"className":36,"code":70886,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70888,70889,70894],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70890,70891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70892,70893],{"class":49},"submit\n",[43,70895,70896,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70897,54],{"class":53},[43,70899,361],{"class":264},[43,70901,70815],{"class":268},[43,70903,361],{"class":264},[43,70905,108],{"class":53},[43,70907,370],{"class":264},[43,70909,70824],{"class":268},[43,70911,361],{"class":264},[43,70913,68],{"class":53},[14,70915,70916],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[81,70918,70920],{"id":70919},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70922,70923],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[34,70925,70927],{"className":36,"code":70926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70928,70929,70969,70973,70991,70995,71005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70930,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70932,36867],{"class":49},[43,70934,98],{"class":97},[43,70936,101],{"class":53},[43,70938,265],{"class":264},[43,70940,4694],{"class":268},[43,70942,265],{"class":264},[43,70944,108],{"class":53},[43,70946,276],{"class":264},[43,70948,4703],{"class":268},[43,70950,265],{"class":264},[43,70952,108],{"class":53},[43,70954,276],{"class":264},[43,70956,4712],{"class":268},[43,70958,265],{"class":264},[43,70960,108],{"class":53},[43,70962,276],{"class":264},[43,70964,33848],{"class":268},[43,70966,265],{"class":264},[43,70968,68],{"class":53},[43,70970,70971],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,70972,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70974,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,70976,70555],{"class":49},[43,70978,98],{"class":97},[43,70980,53479],{"class":49},[43,70982,79],{"class":53},[43,70984,26865],{"class":148},[43,70986,145],{"class":53},[43,70988,154],{"class":104},[43,70990,346],{"class":53},[43,70992,70993],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,70994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,70996,70997,70999,71001,71003],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,70998,142],{"class":141},[43,71000,145],{"class":53},[43,71002,70578],{"class":148},[43,71004,346],{"class":53},[43,71006,71007,71009,71011,71013],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,71008,142],{"class":141},[43,71010,145],{"class":53},[43,71012,36919],{"class":148},[43,71014,346],{"class":53},[14,71016,349],{},[34,71018,71020],{"className":36,"code":71019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,71021,71022,71027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71023,71024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71025,71026],{"class":49},"banana\n",[43,71028,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71030,54],{"class":53},[43,71032,361],{"class":264},[43,71034,4694],{"class":268},[43,71036,361],{"class":264},[43,71038,108],{"class":53},[43,71040,370],{"class":264},[43,71042,4712],{"class":268},[43,71044,361],{"class":264},[43,71046,108],{"class":53},[43,71048,370],{"class":264},[43,71050,33848],{"class":268},[43,71052,361],{"class":264},[43,71054,68],{"class":53},[14,71056,71057],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[34,71059,71061],{"className":36,"code":71060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,71062,71063,71095,71099,71119,71123,71133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71064,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71066,36867],{"class":49},[43,71068,98],{"class":97},[43,71070,101],{"class":53},[43,71072,265],{"class":264},[43,71074,4694],{"class":268},[43,71076,265],{"class":264},[43,71078,108],{"class":53},[43,71080,276],{"class":264},[43,71082,4703],{"class":268},[43,71084,265],{"class":264},[43,71086,108],{"class":53},[43,71088,276],{"class":264},[43,71090,4712],{"class":268},[43,71092,265],{"class":264},[43,71094,68],{"class":53},[43,71096,71097],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71098,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71100,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71102,70555],{"class":49},[43,71104,98],{"class":97},[43,71106,53479],{"class":49},[43,71108,79],{"class":53},[43,71110,26865],{"class":148},[43,71112,145],{"class":53},[43,71114,220],{"class":97},[43,71116,154],{"class":104},[43,71118,346],{"class":53},[43,71120,71121],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71122,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71124,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71126,142],{"class":141},[43,71128,145],{"class":53},[43,71130,70578],{"class":148},[43,71132,346],{"class":53},[43,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,71136,142],{"class":141},[43,71138,145],{"class":53},[43,71140,36919],{"class":148},[43,71142,346],{"class":53},[14,71144,349],{},[34,71146,71148],{"className":36,"code":71147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,71149,71150,71155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71151,71152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71153,71154],{"class":49},"cherry\n",[43,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71158,54],{"class":53},[43,71160,361],{"class":264},[43,71162,4694],{"class":268},[43,71164,361],{"class":264},[43,71166,108],{"class":53},[43,71168,370],{"class":264},[43,71170,4703],{"class":268},[43,71172,361],{"class":264},[43,71174,68],{"class":53},[14,71176,71177,71178,71180],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,71179,66478],{}," means the last item.",[14,71182,71183,71184,79],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[269,71185,71186,11361],{"href":59591},[18,71187,65491],{},[81,71189,71191],{"id":71190},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,71193,71194,71196],{},[18,71195,13387],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,71198,71199,71200,1233,71202,79],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,71201,13387],{},[269,71203,71204],{"href":55700},[18,71205,56157],{},[14,71207,494],{},[34,71209,71211],{"className":36,"code":71210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,71212,71213,71245,71249,71268,71272,71283],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71214,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71216,5610],{"class":49},[43,71218,98],{"class":97},[43,71220,101],{"class":53},[43,71222,265],{"class":264},[43,71224,13505],{"class":268},[43,71226,265],{"class":264},[43,71228,108],{"class":53},[43,71230,276],{"class":264},[43,71232,36571],{"class":268},[43,71234,265],{"class":264},[43,71236,108],{"class":53},[43,71238,276],{"class":264},[43,71240,36580],{"class":268},[43,71242,265],{"class":264},[43,71244,68],{"class":53},[43,71246,71247],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71248,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71250,71251,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71252,71253],{"class":49},"removed_name ",[43,71255,98],{"class":97},[43,71257,70198],{"class":49},[43,71259,79],{"class":53},[43,71261,26865],{"class":148},[43,71263,145],{"class":53},[43,71265,1277],{"class":104},[43,71267,346],{"class":53},[43,71269,71270],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71273,71274,71276,71278,71281],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71275,142],{"class":141},[43,71277,145],{"class":53},[43,71279,71280],{"class":148},"removed_name",[43,71282,346],{"class":53},[43,71284,71285,71287,71289,71291],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,71286,142],{"class":141},[43,71288,145],{"class":53},[43,71290,5654],{"class":148},[43,71292,346],{"class":53},[14,71294,349],{},[34,71296,71298],{"className":36,"code":71297,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,71299,71300,71304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71301,71302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71303,50668],{"class":49},[43,71305,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71307,54],{"class":53},[43,71309,361],{"class":264},[43,71311,36571],{"class":268},[43,71313,361],{"class":264},[43,71315,108],{"class":53},[43,71317,370],{"class":264},[43,71319,36580],{"class":268},[43,71321,361],{"class":264},[43,71323,68],{"class":53},[14,71325,71326],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,71328,71329,71330,71332,71333,79],{},"By comparison, ",[18,71331,56157],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,71334,4391],{},[81,71336,71338],{"id":71337},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1499,71340,71342],{"id":71341},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,71344,71345,71346,71348,71349,79],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,71347,13387],{}," raises an ",[18,71350,2489],{},[34,71352,71354],{"className":36,"code":71353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,71355,71356,71364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71357,71358,71360,71362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71359,8398],{"class":49},[43,71361,98],{"class":97},[43,71363,8456],{"class":53},[43,71365,71366,71368,71370,71372],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71367,8427],{"class":49},[43,71369,79],{"class":53},[43,71371,26865],{"class":148},[43,71373,9262],{"class":53},[14,71375,349],{},[34,71377,71379],{"className":36,"code":71378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,71380,71381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71382,71383,71385,71387,71390,71393,71396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71384,2489],{"class":3510},[43,71386,59],{"class":53},[43,71388,71389],{"class":49}," pop ",[43,71391,71392],{"class":4491},"from",[43,71394,71395],{"class":49}," empty ",[43,71397,50514],{"class":3510},[14,71399,39889],{},[389,71401,71402,71407],{},[392,71403,71404,71405],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,71406,13387],{},[392,71408,71409,71410,1233,71412],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,71411,30429],{},[18,71413,30460],{},[14,71415,494],{},[34,71417,71419],{"className":36,"code":71418,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,71420,71421,71429,71433,71441,71455,71461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71422,71423,71425,71427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71424,8398],{"class":49},[43,71426,98],{"class":97},[43,71428,8456],{"class":53},[43,71430,71431],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71432,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71434,71435,71437,71439],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71436,7614],{"class":4491},[43,71438,704],{"class":49},[43,71440,7009],{"class":53},[43,71442,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71444,8687],{"class":141},[43,71446,145],{"class":53},[43,71448,8427],{"class":148},[43,71450,79],{"class":53},[43,71452,26865],{"class":148},[43,71454,7811],{"class":53},[43,71456,71457,71459],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71458,28058],{"class":4491},[43,71460,7009],{"class":53},[43,71462,71463,71465,71467,71469,71472,71474],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,71464,8687],{"class":141},[43,71466,145],{"class":53},[43,71468,265],{"class":264},[43,71470,71471],{"class":268},"The list is empty.",[43,71473,265],{"class":264},[43,71475,346],{"class":53},[1499,71477,71479],{"id":71478},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,71481,71482,71483,79],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,71484,2489],{},[34,71486,71488],{"className":36,"code":71487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,71489,71490,71510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71491,71492,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71493,94],{"class":49},[43,71495,98],{"class":97},[43,71497,101],{"class":53},[43,71499,105],{"class":104},[43,71501,108],{"class":53},[43,71503,111],{"class":104},[43,71505,108],{"class":53},[43,71507,116],{"class":104},[43,71509,68],{"class":53},[43,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71513,149],{"class":49},[43,71515,79],{"class":53},[43,71517,26865],{"class":148},[43,71519,145],{"class":53},[43,71521,831],{"class":104},[43,71523,346],{"class":53},[14,71525,349],{},[34,71527,71529],{"className":36,"code":71528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,71530,71531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71532,71533,71535,71537,71540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71534,2489],{"class":3510},[43,71536,59],{"class":53},[43,71538,71539],{"class":49}," pop index out of ",[43,71541,71542],{"class":141},"range\n",[14,71544,39889],{},[389,71546,71547,71552],{},[392,71548,71549,71550],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,71551,2448],{},[392,71553,71554],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[34,71556,71558],{"className":36,"code":71557,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,71559,71560,71580,71589,71593,71615,71633,71639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71561,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71563,94],{"class":49},[43,71565,98],{"class":97},[43,71567,101],{"class":53},[43,71569,105],{"class":104},[43,71571,108],{"class":53},[43,71573,111],{"class":104},[43,71575,108],{"class":53},[43,71577,116],{"class":104},[43,71579,68],{"class":53},[43,71581,71582,71585,71587],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71583,71584],{"class":49},"index ",[43,71586,98],{"class":97},[43,71588,46216],{"class":104},[43,71590,71591],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71592,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71594,71595,71597,71599,71602,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71596,7614],{"class":4491},[43,71598,4447],{"class":104},[43,71600,71601],{"class":97}," \u003C=",[43,71603,71604],{"class":49}," index ",[43,71606,3901],{"class":97},[43,71608,39013],{"class":141},[43,71610,145],{"class":53},[43,71612,149],{"class":148},[43,71614,8960],{"class":53},[43,71616,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71618,8687],{"class":141},[43,71620,145],{"class":53},[43,71622,149],{"class":148},[43,71624,79],{"class":53},[43,71626,26865],{"class":148},[43,71628,145],{"class":53},[43,71630,36476],{"class":148},[43,71632,2377],{"class":53},[43,71634,71635,71637],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,71636,28058],{"class":4491},[43,71638,7009],{"class":53},[43,71640,71641,71643,71645,71647,71650,71652],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,71642,8687],{"class":141},[43,71644,145],{"class":53},[43,71646,265],{"class":264},[43,71648,71649],{"class":268},"Index is out of range.",[43,71651,265],{"class":264},[43,71653,346],{"class":53},[14,71655,71656,71657,79],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[269,71658,1837],{"href":1836},[1499,71660,71662],{"id":71661},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71664,71665,71667],{},[18,71666,13387],{}," expects an integer index.",[34,71669,71671],{"className":36,"code":71670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71672,71673,71693],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71674,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71676,94],{"class":49},[43,71678,98],{"class":97},[43,71680,101],{"class":53},[43,71682,105],{"class":104},[43,71684,108],{"class":53},[43,71686,111],{"class":104},[43,71688,108],{"class":53},[43,71690,116],{"class":104},[43,71692,68],{"class":53},[43,71694,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71696,149],{"class":49},[43,71698,79],{"class":53},[43,71700,26865],{"class":148},[43,71702,145],{"class":53},[43,71704,265],{"class":264},[43,71706,154],{"class":268},[43,71708,265],{"class":264},[43,71710,346],{"class":53},[14,71712,349],{},[34,71714,71716],{"className":36,"code":71715,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71717,71718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71719,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71735,71738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71721,3614],{"class":3510},[43,71723,59],{"class":53},[43,71725,370],{"class":264},[43,71727,4054],{"class":268},[43,71729,361],{"class":264},[43,71731,25240],{"class":3510},[43,71733,71734],{"class":49}," cannot be interpreted ",[43,71736,71737],{"class":4491},"as",[43,71739,71740],{"class":49}," an integer\n",[14,71742,39889],{},[389,71744,71745,71754],{},[392,71746,71747,71748,21,71750,2799,71752],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71749,1277],{},[18,71751,154],{},[18,71753,66478],{},[392,71755,71756],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[34,71758,71760],{"className":36,"code":71759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71761,71762,71782,71800,71804,71822],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71763,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71765,94],{"class":49},[43,71767,98],{"class":97},[43,71769,101],{"class":53},[43,71771,105],{"class":104},[43,71773,108],{"class":53},[43,71775,111],{"class":104},[43,71777,108],{"class":53},[43,71779,116],{"class":104},[43,71781,68],{"class":53},[43,71783,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71785,71584],{"class":49},[43,71787,98],{"class":97},[43,71789,45903],{"class":3510},[43,71791,145],{"class":53},[43,71793,265],{"class":264},[43,71795,154],{"class":268},[43,71797,265],{"class":264},[43,71799,346],{"class":53},[43,71801,71802],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71803,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71805,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71807,142],{"class":141},[43,71809,145],{"class":53},[43,71811,149],{"class":148},[43,71813,79],{"class":53},[43,71815,26865],{"class":148},[43,71817,145],{"class":53},[43,71819,36476],{"class":148},[43,71821,2377],{"class":53},[43,71823,71824,71826,71828,71830],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71825,142],{"class":141},[43,71827,145],{"class":53},[43,71829,149],{"class":148},[43,71831,346],{"class":53},[14,71833,349],{},[34,71835,71837],{"className":36,"code":71836,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71838,71839,71844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71840,71841],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71842,71843],{"class":104},"20\n",[43,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71847,54],{"class":53},[43,71849,105],{"class":104},[43,71851,108],{"class":53},[43,71853,116],{"class":104},[43,71855,68],{"class":53},[81,71857,71859],{"id":71858},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71861,71862],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1499,71864,230,71866,11221],{"id":71865},"use-pop-when",[18,71867,13387],{},[389,71869,71870,71873,71876],{},[392,71871,71872],{},"you want to remove by index",[392,71874,71875],{},"you want the removed item returned",[392,71877,71878],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1499,71880,230,71882,11221],{"id":71881},"use-remove-when",[18,71883,56157],{},[389,71885,71886,71889],{},[392,71887,71888],{},"you want to remove by value",[392,71890,71891],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71893,71894],{},"Compare these examples:",[34,71896,71898],{"className":36,"code":71897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71899,71900,71924,71928,71946,71956],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71901,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71903,94],{"class":49},[43,71905,98],{"class":97},[43,71907,101],{"class":53},[43,71909,105],{"class":104},[43,71911,108],{"class":53},[43,71913,111],{"class":104},[43,71915,108],{"class":53},[43,71917,116],{"class":104},[43,71919,108],{"class":53},[43,71921,111],{"class":104},[43,71923,68],{"class":53},[43,71925,71926],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71927,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,71929,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,71931,70555],{"class":49},[43,71933,98],{"class":97},[43,71935,2071],{"class":49},[43,71937,79],{"class":53},[43,71939,26865],{"class":148},[43,71941,145],{"class":53},[43,71943,154],{"class":104},[43,71945,346],{"class":53},[43,71947,71948,71950,71952,71954],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,71949,142],{"class":141},[43,71951,145],{"class":53},[43,71953,70578],{"class":148},[43,71955,346],{"class":53},[43,71957,71958,71960,71962,71964],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,71959,142],{"class":141},[43,71961,145],{"class":53},[43,71963,149],{"class":148},[43,71965,346],{"class":53},[14,71967,349],{},[34,71969,71971],{"className":36,"code":71970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71972,71973,71977],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71974,71975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71976,71843],{"class":104},[43,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,71980,54],{"class":53},[43,71982,105],{"class":104},[43,71984,108],{"class":53},[43,71986,116],{"class":104},[43,71988,108],{"class":53},[43,71990,111],{"class":104},[43,71992,68],{"class":53},[34,71994,71996],{"className":36,"code":71995,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71997,71998,72022,72026,72040],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71999,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72001,94],{"class":49},[43,72003,98],{"class":97},[43,72005,101],{"class":53},[43,72007,105],{"class":104},[43,72009,108],{"class":53},[43,72011,111],{"class":104},[43,72013,108],{"class":53},[43,72015,116],{"class":104},[43,72017,108],{"class":53},[43,72019,111],{"class":104},[43,72021,68],{"class":53},[43,72023,72024],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72025,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,72027,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72029,149],{"class":49},[43,72031,79],{"class":53},[43,72033,35423],{"class":148},[43,72035,145],{"class":53},[43,72037,618],{"class":104},[43,72039,346],{"class":53},[43,72041,72042,72044,72046,72048],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,72043,142],{"class":141},[43,72045,145],{"class":53},[43,72047,149],{"class":148},[43,72049,346],{"class":53},[14,72051,349],{},[34,72053,72055],{"className":36,"code":72054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,72056,72057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72058,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72060,54],{"class":53},[43,72062,105],{"class":104},[43,72064,108],{"class":53},[43,72066,116],{"class":104},[43,72068,108],{"class":53},[43,72070,111],{"class":104},[43,72072,68],{"class":53},[14,72074,72075,72076,72079,72080,79],{},"In the first example, ",[18,72077,72078],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,72081,154],{},[14,72083,57233,72084,72087,72088,79],{},[18,72085,72086],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,72089,618],{},[14,72091,72092,72093,79],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[269,72094,55696],{"href":55695},[81,72096,3438],{"id":3437},[14,72098,72099,72100,59],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,72101,13387],{},[389,72103,72104,72107,72110,72116,72120],{},[392,72105,72106],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[392,72108,72109],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[392,72111,1860,72112,1863,72114],{},[18,72113,13387],{},[18,72115,56157],{},[392,72117,9071,72118,62597],{},[18,72119,13387],{},[392,72121,72122],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,72124,72125],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[34,72127,72129],{"className":36,"code":72128,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,72130,72131,72141,72155,72169,72187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72132,72133,72135,72137,72139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72134,142],{"class":141},[43,72136,145],{"class":53},[43,72138,50],{"class":148},[43,72140,346],{"class":53},[43,72142,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72144,142],{"class":141},[43,72146,145],{"class":53},[43,72148,2370],{"class":141},[43,72150,145],{"class":53},[43,72152,50],{"class":148},[43,72154,2377],{"class":53},[43,72156,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72158,142],{"class":141},[43,72160,145],{"class":53},[43,72162,50],{"class":148},[43,72164,79],{"class":53},[43,72166,26865],{"class":148},[43,72168,7811],{"class":53},[43,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,72172,142],{"class":141},[43,72174,145],{"class":53},[43,72176,50],{"class":148},[43,72178,79],{"class":53},[43,72180,26865],{"class":148},[43,72182,145],{"class":53},[43,72184,1277],{"class":104},[43,72186,2377],{"class":53},[43,72188,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,72190,142],{"class":141},[43,72192,145],{"class":53},[43,72194,3832],{"class":3510},[43,72196,145],{"class":53},[43,72198,36476],{"class":148},[43,72200,2377],{"class":53},[14,72202,72203],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[389,72205,72206,72212],{},[392,72207,72208,72211],{},[18,72209,72210],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[392,72213,72214,72217],{},[18,72215,72216],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,72219,72220,72221,72224],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,72222,72223],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[81,72226,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,72228,72230],{"id":72229},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,72232,72233,72234,72236],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,72235,13387],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1499,72238,72240],{"id":72239},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,72242,72243,72245,72246,72248,72249,79],{},[18,72244,13387],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,72247,56157],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,72250,4391],{},[1499,72252,72254],{"id":72253},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,72256,72257,72258,72261],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,72259,72260],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1499,72263,72265],{"id":72264},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,72267,72268,72269,72271],{},"Python raises ",[18,72270,2489],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[81,72273,2497],{"id":2496},[389,72275,72276,72280,72285,72290,72295],{},[392,72277,72278],{},[269,72279,56143],{"href":55695},[392,72281,72282],{},[269,72283,72284],{"href":55700},"Python list remove() method",[392,72286,72287],{},[269,72288,72289],{"href":59591},"Python list index() method",[392,72291,72292],{},[269,72293,72294],{"href":418},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[392,72296,72297],{},[269,72298,1837],{"href":1836},[2536,72300,72301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":72303},[72304,72305,72306,72307,72308,72309,72310,72315,72321,72322,72328],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":70481,"depth":131,"text":70482},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":70790,"depth":131,"text":70791},{"id":70919,"depth":131,"text":70920},{"id":71190,"depth":131,"text":71191},{"id":71337,"depth":131,"text":71338,"children":72311},[72312,72313,72314],{"id":71341,"depth":138,"text":71342},{"id":71478,"depth":138,"text":71479},{"id":71661,"depth":138,"text":71662},{"id":71858,"depth":131,"text":71859,"children":72316},[72317,72319],{"id":71865,"depth":138,"text":72318},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71881,"depth":138,"text":72320},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":72323},[72324,72325,72326,72327],{"id":72229,"depth":138,"text":72230},{"id":72239,"depth":138,"text":72240},{"id":72253,"depth":138,"text":72254},{"id":72264,"depth":138,"text":72265},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70349,"description":72329},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72336,"title":72337,"body":72338,"description":74124,"extension":2572,"meta":74125,"navigation":134,"path":74126,"seo":74127,"stem":74128,"__hash__":74129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72339,"toc":74106},[72340,72343,72348,72354,72356,72426,72432,72436,72441,72462,72465,72532,72534,72555,72563,72565,72584,72600,72602,72667,72669,72694,72696,72698,72763,72765,72790,72792,72806,72809,72862,72864,72885,72889,72897,72970,72972,73005,73011,73017,73108,73110,73135,73141,73230,73232,73256,73258,73262,73317,73319,73351,73354,73357,73451,73453,73486,73492,73498,73502,73509,73535,73539,73604,73606,73631,73635,73716,73718,73747,73752,73757,73763,73767,73774,73796,73800,73859,73861,73885,73894,73899,73901,73905,73934,73936,74011,74014,74028,74034,74036,74040,74043,74047,74052,74056,74065,74069,74077,74079,74103],[10,72341,72337],{"id":72342},"python-list-remove-method",[14,72344,1242,72345,72347],{},[18,72346,55703],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,72349,72350,72351,72353],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[76,72352,3080],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[81,72355,84],{"id":83},[34,72357,72359],{"className":36,"code":72358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72360,72361,72393,72411,72421],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72362,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72364,8398],{"class":49},[43,72366,98],{"class":97},[43,72368,101],{"class":53},[43,72370,265],{"class":264},[43,72372,4694],{"class":268},[43,72374,265],{"class":264},[43,72376,108],{"class":53},[43,72378,276],{"class":264},[43,72380,4703],{"class":268},[43,72382,265],{"class":264},[43,72384,108],{"class":53},[43,72386,276],{"class":264},[43,72388,33848],{"class":268},[43,72390,265],{"class":264},[43,72392,68],{"class":53},[43,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72396,8427],{"class":49},[43,72398,79],{"class":53},[43,72400,35423],{"class":148},[43,72402,145],{"class":53},[43,72404,265],{"class":264},[43,72406,4703],{"class":268},[43,72408,265],{"class":264},[43,72410,346],{"class":53},[43,72412,72413,72415,72417,72419],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72414,142],{"class":141},[43,72416,145],{"class":53},[43,72418,8427],{"class":148},[43,72420,346],{"class":53},[43,72422,72423],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,72424,72425],{"class":165},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,72427,230,72428,72431],{},[18,72429,72430],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[81,72433,72435],{"id":72434},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,72437,72438,72440],{},[18,72439,56157],{}," is a list method that:",[389,72442,72443,72449,72454,72459],{},[392,72444,72445,72446,72448],{},"Deletes the ",[76,72447,30534],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[392,72450,72451,72452],{},"Changes the original list ",[76,72453,11955],{},[392,72455,13328,72456,72458],{},[76,72457,1957],{}," return a new list",[392,72460,72461],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,72463,72464],{},"This is important for beginners:",[34,72466,72468],{"className":36,"code":72467,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,72469,72470,72490,72508,72512,72522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72471,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72473,94],{"class":49},[43,72475,98],{"class":97},[43,72477,101],{"class":53},[43,72479,154],{"class":104},[43,72481,108],{"class":53},[43,72483,1525],{"class":104},[43,72485,108],{"class":53},[43,72487,1530],{"class":104},[43,72489,68],{"class":53},[43,72491,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72493,2836],{"class":49},[43,72495,98],{"class":97},[43,72497,2071],{"class":49},[43,72499,79],{"class":53},[43,72501,35423],{"class":148},[43,72503,145],{"class":53},[43,72505,201],{"class":104},[43,72507,346],{"class":53},[43,72509,72510],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72511,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,72513,72514,72516,72518,72520],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,72515,142],{"class":141},[43,72517,145],{"class":53},[43,72519,149],{"class":148},[43,72521,346],{"class":53},[43,72523,72524,72526,72528,72530],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,72525,142],{"class":141},[43,72527,145],{"class":53},[43,72529,2871],{"class":148},[43,72531,346],{"class":53},[14,72533,349],{},[34,72535,72537],{"className":36,"code":72536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,72538,72539,72551],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72540,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72542,54],{"class":53},[43,72544,154],{"class":104},[43,72546,108],{"class":53},[43,72548,1530],{"class":104},[43,72550,68],{"class":53},[43,72552,72553],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72554,12431],{"class":4466},[14,72556,72557,72558,72560,72561,79],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,72559,56157],{}," itself returned ",[18,72562,4391],{},[81,72564,6047],{"id":6046},[34,72566,72568],{"className":36,"code":72567,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,72569,72570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72571,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72573,8712],{"class":3510},[43,72575,79],{"class":53},[43,72577,35423],{"class":148},[43,72579,145],{"class":53},[43,72581,3080],{"class":148},[43,72583,346],{"class":53},[389,72585,72586,72591,72594],{},[392,72587,72588,72590],{},[18,72589,3080],{}," is the item you want to delete",[392,72592,72593],{},"Python searches from left to right",[392,72595,72596,72597,72599],{},"Only the ",[76,72598,30534],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72601,494],{},[34,72603,72605],{"className":36,"code":72604,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72606,72607,72639,72657],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72608,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72610,257],{"class":49},[43,72612,98],{"class":97},[43,72614,101],{"class":53},[43,72616,265],{"class":264},[43,72618,269],{"class":268},[43,72620,265],{"class":264},[43,72622,108],{"class":53},[43,72624,276],{"class":264},[43,72626,279],{"class":268},[43,72628,265],{"class":264},[43,72630,108],{"class":53},[43,72632,276],{"class":264},[43,72634,288],{"class":268},[43,72636,265],{"class":264},[43,72638,68],{"class":53},[43,72640,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72642,1079],{"class":49},[43,72644,79],{"class":53},[43,72646,35423],{"class":148},[43,72648,145],{"class":53},[43,72650,265],{"class":264},[43,72652,279],{"class":268},[43,72654,265],{"class":264},[43,72656,346],{"class":53},[43,72658,72659,72661,72663,72665],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72660,142],{"class":141},[43,72662,145],{"class":53},[43,72664,1079],{"class":148},[43,72666,346],{"class":53},[14,72668,349],{},[34,72670,72672],{"className":36,"code":72671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72673,72674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72675,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72677,54],{"class":53},[43,72679,361],{"class":264},[43,72681,269],{"class":268},[43,72683,361],{"class":264},[43,72685,108],{"class":53},[43,72687,370],{"class":264},[43,72689,288],{"class":268},[43,72691,361],{"class":264},[43,72693,68],{"class":53},[81,72695,6403],{"id":6402},[14,72697,65798],{},[34,72699,72701],{"className":36,"code":72700,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72702,72703,72735,72753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72706,13700],{"class":49},[43,72708,98],{"class":97},[43,72710,101],{"class":53},[43,72712,265],{"class":264},[43,72714,13717],{"class":268},[43,72716,265],{"class":264},[43,72718,108],{"class":53},[43,72720,276],{"class":264},[43,72722,13734],{"class":268},[43,72724,265],{"class":264},[43,72726,108],{"class":53},[43,72728,276],{"class":264},[43,72730,18077],{"class":268},[43,72732,265],{"class":264},[43,72734,68],{"class":53},[43,72736,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72738,18124],{"class":49},[43,72740,79],{"class":53},[43,72742,35423],{"class":148},[43,72744,145],{"class":53},[43,72746,265],{"class":264},[43,72748,13734],{"class":268},[43,72750,265],{"class":264},[43,72752,346],{"class":53},[43,72754,72755,72757,72759,72761],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72756,142],{"class":141},[43,72758,145],{"class":53},[43,72760,18124],{"class":148},[43,72762,346],{"class":53},[14,72764,349],{},[34,72766,72768],{"className":36,"code":72767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72769,72770],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72771,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72773,54],{"class":53},[43,72775,361],{"class":264},[43,72777,13717],{"class":268},[43,72779,361],{"class":264},[43,72781,108],{"class":53},[43,72783,370],{"class":264},[43,72785,18077],{"class":268},[43,72787,361],{"class":264},[43,72789,68],{"class":53},[14,72791,12306],{},[389,72793,72794,72797,72803],{},[392,72795,72796],{},"A list is created with three values",[392,72798,72799,72802],{},[18,72800,72801],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[392,72804,72805],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72807,72808],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[34,72810,72812],{"className":36,"code":72811,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72813,72814,72838,72852],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72815,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72817,5679],{"class":49},[43,72819,98],{"class":97},[43,72821,101],{"class":53},[43,72823,105],{"class":104},[43,72825,108],{"class":53},[43,72827,111],{"class":104},[43,72829,108],{"class":53},[43,72831,116],{"class":104},[43,72833,108],{"class":53},[43,72835,121],{"class":104},[43,72837,68],{"class":53},[43,72839,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72841,17011],{"class":49},[43,72843,79],{"class":53},[43,72845,35423],{"class":148},[43,72847,145],{"class":53},[43,72849,651],{"class":104},[43,72851,346],{"class":53},[43,72853,72854,72856,72858,72860],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72855,142],{"class":141},[43,72857,145],{"class":53},[43,72859,17011],{"class":148},[43,72861,346],{"class":53},[14,72863,349],{},[34,72865,72867],{"className":36,"code":72866,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72868,72869],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72870,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72872,54],{"class":53},[43,72874,105],{"class":104},[43,72876,108],{"class":53},[43,72878,111],{"class":104},[43,72880,108],{"class":53},[43,72882,121],{"class":104},[43,72884,68],{"class":53},[81,72886,72888],{"id":72887},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72890,65788,72891,72893,72894,72896],{},[18,72892,56157],{}," deletes only the ",[76,72895,30534],{}," one.",[34,72898,72900],{"className":36,"code":72899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72901,72902,72942,72960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72905,8398],{"class":49},[43,72907,98],{"class":97},[43,72909,101],{"class":53},[43,72911,265],{"class":264},[43,72913,4694],{"class":268},[43,72915,265],{"class":264},[43,72917,108],{"class":53},[43,72919,276],{"class":264},[43,72921,4703],{"class":268},[43,72923,265],{"class":264},[43,72925,108],{"class":53},[43,72927,276],{"class":264},[43,72929,4694],{"class":268},[43,72931,265],{"class":264},[43,72933,108],{"class":53},[43,72935,276],{"class":264},[43,72937,33848],{"class":268},[43,72939,265],{"class":264},[43,72941,68],{"class":53},[43,72943,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,72945,8427],{"class":49},[43,72947,79],{"class":53},[43,72949,35423],{"class":148},[43,72951,145],{"class":53},[43,72953,265],{"class":264},[43,72955,4694],{"class":268},[43,72957,265],{"class":264},[43,72959,346],{"class":53},[43,72961,72962,72964,72966,72968],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,72963,142],{"class":141},[43,72965,145],{"class":53},[43,72967,8427],{"class":148},[43,72969,346],{"class":53},[14,72971,349],{},[34,72973,72975],{"className":36,"code":72974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72976,72977],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72978,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72980,54],{"class":53},[43,72982,361],{"class":264},[43,72984,4703],{"class":268},[43,72986,361],{"class":264},[43,72988,108],{"class":53},[43,72990,370],{"class":264},[43,72992,4694],{"class":268},[43,72994,361],{"class":264},[43,72996,108],{"class":53},[43,72998,370],{"class":264},[43,73000,33848],{"class":268},[43,73002,361],{"class":264},[43,73004,68],{"class":53},[14,73006,73007,73008,73010],{},"Only the first ",[18,73009,58459],{}," was removed.",[14,73012,73013,73014,73016],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,73015,56157],{}," again:",[34,73018,73020],{"className":36,"code":73019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,73021,73022,73062,73080,73098],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73023,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73025,8398],{"class":49},[43,73027,98],{"class":97},[43,73029,101],{"class":53},[43,73031,265],{"class":264},[43,73033,4694],{"class":268},[43,73035,265],{"class":264},[43,73037,108],{"class":53},[43,73039,276],{"class":264},[43,73041,4703],{"class":268},[43,73043,265],{"class":264},[43,73045,108],{"class":53},[43,73047,276],{"class":264},[43,73049,4694],{"class":268},[43,73051,265],{"class":264},[43,73053,108],{"class":53},[43,73055,276],{"class":264},[43,73057,33848],{"class":268},[43,73059,265],{"class":264},[43,73061,68],{"class":53},[43,73063,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73065,8427],{"class":49},[43,73067,79],{"class":53},[43,73069,35423],{"class":148},[43,73071,145],{"class":53},[43,73073,265],{"class":264},[43,73075,4694],{"class":268},[43,73077,265],{"class":264},[43,73079,346],{"class":53},[43,73081,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73083,8427],{"class":49},[43,73085,79],{"class":53},[43,73087,35423],{"class":148},[43,73089,145],{"class":53},[43,73091,265],{"class":264},[43,73093,4694],{"class":268},[43,73095,265],{"class":264},[43,73097,346],{"class":53},[43,73099,73100,73102,73104,73106],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,73101,142],{"class":141},[43,73103,145],{"class":53},[43,73105,8427],{"class":148},[43,73107,346],{"class":53},[14,73109,349],{},[34,73111,73113],{"className":36,"code":73112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,73114,73115],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73116,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73118,54],{"class":53},[43,73120,361],{"class":264},[43,73122,4703],{"class":268},[43,73124,361],{"class":264},[43,73126,108],{"class":53},[43,73128,370],{"class":264},[43,73130,33848],{"class":268},[43,73132,361],{"class":264},[43,73134,68],{"class":53},[14,73136,73137,73138,73140],{},"If you need to remove ",[76,73139,4328],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[34,73142,73144],{"className":36,"code":73143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73145,73146,73186,73220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73147,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73149,8398],{"class":49},[43,73151,98],{"class":97},[43,73153,101],{"class":53},[43,73155,265],{"class":264},[43,73157,4694],{"class":268},[43,73159,265],{"class":264},[43,73161,108],{"class":53},[43,73163,276],{"class":264},[43,73165,4703],{"class":268},[43,73167,265],{"class":264},[43,73169,108],{"class":53},[43,73171,276],{"class":264},[43,73173,4694],{"class":268},[43,73175,265],{"class":264},[43,73177,108],{"class":53},[43,73179,276],{"class":264},[43,73181,33848],{"class":268},[43,73183,265],{"class":264},[43,73185,68],{"class":53},[43,73187,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73205,73207,73209,73212,73214,73216,73218],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73189,8398],{"class":49},[43,73191,98],{"class":97},[43,73193,101],{"class":53},[43,73195,29163],{"class":49},[43,73197,6574],{"class":4491},[43,73199,6577],{"class":49},[43,73201,4498],{"class":4491},[43,73203,73204],{"class":49}," items ",[43,73206,7614],{"class":4491},[43,73208,6577],{"class":49},[43,73210,73211],{"class":97},"!=",[43,73213,276],{"class":264},[43,73215,4694],{"class":268},[43,73217,265],{"class":264},[43,73219,68],{"class":53},[43,73221,73222,73224,73226,73228],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73223,142],{"class":141},[43,73225,145],{"class":53},[43,73227,8427],{"class":148},[43,73229,346],{"class":53},[14,73231,349],{},[34,73233,73234],{"className":36,"code":73112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,73235,73236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73237,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73239,54],{"class":53},[43,73241,361],{"class":264},[43,73243,4703],{"class":268},[43,73245,361],{"class":264},[43,73247,108],{"class":53},[43,73249,370],{"class":264},[43,73251,33848],{"class":268},[43,73253,361],{"class":264},[43,73255,68],{"class":53},[81,73257,66254],{"id":66253},[14,73259,66257,73260,79],{},[18,73261,1553],{},[34,73263,73265],{"className":36,"code":73264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,73266,73267,73299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73268,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73270,8398],{"class":49},[43,73272,98],{"class":97},[43,73274,101],{"class":53},[43,73276,265],{"class":264},[43,73278,4694],{"class":268},[43,73280,265],{"class":264},[43,73282,108],{"class":53},[43,73284,276],{"class":264},[43,73286,4703],{"class":268},[43,73288,265],{"class":264},[43,73290,108],{"class":53},[43,73292,276],{"class":264},[43,73294,33848],{"class":268},[43,73296,265],{"class":264},[43,73298,68],{"class":53},[43,73300,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73302,8427],{"class":49},[43,73304,79],{"class":53},[43,73306,35423],{"class":148},[43,73308,145],{"class":53},[43,73310,265],{"class":264},[43,73312,23155],{"class":268},[43,73314,265],{"class":264},[43,73316,346],{"class":53},[14,73318,349],{},[34,73320,73322],{"className":36,"code":73321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,73323,73324],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73325,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73327,1553],{"class":3510},[43,73329,59],{"class":53},[43,73331,23182],{"class":3510},[43,73333,79],{"class":53},[43,73335,35423],{"class":148},[43,73337,145],{"class":53},[43,73339,2780],{"class":148},[43,73341,17074],{"class":53},[43,73343,4495],{"class":49},[43,73345,1957],{"class":97},[43,73347,21795],{"class":97},[43,73349,73350],{"class":3510}," list\n",[14,73352,73353],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,73355,73356],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[34,73358,73360],{"className":36,"code":73359,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,73361,73362,73394,73406,73410,73422,73437,73441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73363,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73365,8398],{"class":49},[43,73367,98],{"class":97},[43,73369,101],{"class":53},[43,73371,265],{"class":264},[43,73373,4694],{"class":268},[43,73375,265],{"class":264},[43,73377,108],{"class":53},[43,73379,276],{"class":264},[43,73381,4703],{"class":268},[43,73383,265],{"class":264},[43,73385,108],{"class":53},[43,73387,276],{"class":264},[43,73389,33848],{"class":268},[43,73391,265],{"class":264},[43,73393,68],{"class":53},[43,73395,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73397,3054],{"class":49},[43,73399,98],{"class":97},[43,73401,276],{"class":264},[43,73403,23155],{"class":268},[43,73405,3969],{"class":264},[43,73407,73408],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73409,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,73411,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,73413,7614],{"class":4491},[43,73415,22206],{"class":49},[43,73417,4498],{"class":97},[43,73419,704],{"class":49},[43,73421,7009],{"class":53},[43,73423,73424,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,73425,73426],{"class":49},"    items",[43,73428,79],{"class":53},[43,73430,35423],{"class":148},[43,73432,145],{"class":53},[43,73434,3080],{"class":148},[43,73436,346],{"class":53},[43,73438,73439],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,73440,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,73442,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,73444,142],{"class":141},[43,73446,145],{"class":53},[43,73448,8427],{"class":148},[43,73450,346],{"class":53},[14,73452,349],{},[34,73454,73456],{"className":36,"code":73455,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,73457,73458],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73459,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73461,54],{"class":53},[43,73463,361],{"class":264},[43,73465,4694],{"class":268},[43,73467,361],{"class":264},[43,73469,108],{"class":53},[43,73471,370],{"class":264},[43,73473,4703],{"class":268},[43,73475,361],{"class":264},[43,73477,108],{"class":53},[43,73479,370],{"class":264},[43,73481,33848],{"class":268},[43,73483,361],{"class":264},[43,73485,68],{"class":53},[14,73487,73488,73489,73491],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,73490,56157],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,73493,73494,73495,79],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[269,73496,66463],{"href":73497},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[81,73499,73501],{"id":73500},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,73503,73504,1233,73506,73508],{},[18,73505,56157],{},[18,73507,13387],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[389,73510,73511,73518,73524,73530],{},[392,73512,73513,73515,73516],{},[18,73514,56157],{}," deletes by ",[76,73517,3080],{},[392,73519,73520,73515,73522],{},[18,73521,13387],{},[76,73523,36476],{},[392,73525,73526,3004,73528],{},[18,73527,56157],{},[18,73529,4391],{},[392,73531,73532,73534],{},[18,73533,13387],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73536,46667,73537,59],{},[18,73538,56157],{},[34,73540,73542],{"className":36,"code":73541,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,73543,73544,73576,73594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73545,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73547,8398],{"class":49},[43,73549,98],{"class":97},[43,73551,101],{"class":53},[43,73553,265],{"class":264},[43,73555,4694],{"class":268},[43,73557,265],{"class":264},[43,73559,108],{"class":53},[43,73561,276],{"class":264},[43,73563,4703],{"class":268},[43,73565,265],{"class":264},[43,73567,108],{"class":53},[43,73569,276],{"class":264},[43,73571,33848],{"class":268},[43,73573,265],{"class":264},[43,73575,68],{"class":53},[43,73577,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73579,8427],{"class":49},[43,73581,79],{"class":53},[43,73583,35423],{"class":148},[43,73585,145],{"class":53},[43,73587,265],{"class":264},[43,73589,4703],{"class":268},[43,73591,265],{"class":264},[43,73593,346],{"class":53},[43,73595,73596,73598,73600,73602],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73597,142],{"class":141},[43,73599,145],{"class":53},[43,73601,8427],{"class":148},[43,73603,346],{"class":53},[14,73605,349],{},[34,73607,73609],{"className":36,"code":73608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,73610,73611],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73612,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73614,54],{"class":53},[43,73616,361],{"class":264},[43,73618,4694],{"class":268},[43,73620,361],{"class":264},[43,73622,108],{"class":53},[43,73624,370],{"class":264},[43,73626,33848],{"class":268},[43,73628,361],{"class":264},[43,73630,68],{"class":53},[14,73632,46667,73633,59],{},[18,73634,13387],{},[34,73636,73638],{"className":36,"code":73637,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,73639,73640,73672,73691,73695,73705],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73641,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73643,8398],{"class":49},[43,73645,98],{"class":97},[43,73647,101],{"class":53},[43,73649,265],{"class":264},[43,73651,4694],{"class":268},[43,73653,265],{"class":264},[43,73655,108],{"class":53},[43,73657,276],{"class":264},[43,73659,4703],{"class":268},[43,73661,265],{"class":264},[43,73663,108],{"class":53},[43,73665,276],{"class":264},[43,73667,33848],{"class":268},[43,73669,265],{"class":264},[43,73671,68],{"class":53},[43,73673,73674,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73675,73676],{"class":49},"removed_item ",[43,73678,98],{"class":97},[43,73680,704],{"class":49},[43,73682,79],{"class":53},[43,73684,26865],{"class":148},[43,73686,145],{"class":53},[43,73688,154],{"class":104},[43,73690,346],{"class":53},[43,73692,73693],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73694,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,73696,73697,73699,73701,73703],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,73698,142],{"class":141},[43,73700,145],{"class":53},[43,73702,8427],{"class":148},[43,73704,346],{"class":53},[43,73706,73707,73709,73711,73714],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,73708,142],{"class":141},[43,73710,145],{"class":53},[43,73712,73713],{"class":148},"removed_item",[43,73715,346],{"class":53},[14,73717,349],{},[34,73719,73721],{"className":36,"code":73720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73722,73723,73743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73724,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73726,54],{"class":53},[43,73728,361],{"class":264},[43,73730,4694],{"class":268},[43,73732,361],{"class":264},[43,73734,108],{"class":53},[43,73736,370],{"class":264},[43,73738,33848],{"class":268},[43,73740,361],{"class":264},[43,73742,68],{"class":53},[43,73744,73745],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73746,71026],{"class":49},[14,73748,230,73749,73751],{},[18,73750,56157],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73753,230,73754,73756],{},[18,73755,13387],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73758,73759,73760,79],{},"For more detail, see the ",[269,73761,73762],{"href":55707},"Python list pop() method",[81,73764,73766],{"id":73765},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73768,73769,1233,73771,73773],{},[18,73770,56157],{},[18,73772,27649],{}," are also different.",[389,73775,73776,73781,73786,73791],{},[392,73777,73778,73780],{},[18,73779,56157],{}," deletes by matching value",[392,73782,73783,73785],{},[18,73784,27649],{}," deletes by index or slice",[392,73787,230,73788,73790],{},[18,73789,27649],{}," when you know the position",[392,73792,230,73793,73795],{},[18,73794,56157],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73797,46667,73798,59],{},[18,73799,27649],{},[34,73801,73803],{"className":36,"code":73802,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73804,73805,73837,73849],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73806,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73808,8398],{"class":49},[43,73810,98],{"class":97},[43,73812,101],{"class":53},[43,73814,265],{"class":264},[43,73816,4694],{"class":268},[43,73818,265],{"class":264},[43,73820,108],{"class":53},[43,73822,276],{"class":264},[43,73824,4703],{"class":268},[43,73826,265],{"class":264},[43,73828,108],{"class":53},[43,73830,276],{"class":264},[43,73832,33848],{"class":268},[43,73834,265],{"class":264},[43,73836,68],{"class":53},[43,73838,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73840,27649],{"class":4491},[43,73842,704],{"class":49},[43,73844,54],{"class":53},[43,73846,154],{"class":104},[43,73848,68],{"class":53},[43,73850,73851,73853,73855,73857],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73852,142],{"class":141},[43,73854,145],{"class":53},[43,73856,8427],{"class":148},[43,73858,346],{"class":53},[14,73860,349],{},[34,73862,73863],{"className":36,"code":73608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,73864,73865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73866,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73868,54],{"class":53},[43,73870,361],{"class":264},[43,73872,4694],{"class":268},[43,73874,361],{"class":264},[43,73876,108],{"class":53},[43,73878,370],{"class":264},[43,73880,33848],{"class":268},[43,73882,361],{"class":264},[43,73884,68],{"class":53},[14,73886,73887,73888,73890,73891,73893],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73889,154],{},", not the value ",[18,73892,65898],{}," directly.",[14,73895,73896,73897,79],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[269,73898,55696],{"href":55695},[81,73900,3438],{"id":3437},[14,73902,21833,73903,59],{},[18,73904,56157],{},[389,73906,73907,73910,73915,73922,73931],{},[392,73908,73909],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[392,73911,9071,73912,73914],{},[18,73913,56157],{}," to delete all matching values",[392,73916,13218,73917,73919,73920],{},[18,73918,56157],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73921,4391],{},[392,73923,2445,73924,45256,73926,3486,73928,73930],{},[18,73925,56157],{},[18,73927,13387],{},[18,73929,27649],{}," would be a better fit",[392,73932,73933],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73935,72125],{},[34,73937,73939],{"className":36,"code":73938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73940,73941,73951,73965,73983,73997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73944,142],{"class":141},[43,73946,145],{"class":53},[43,73948,50],{"class":148},[43,73950,346],{"class":53},[43,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,73954,142],{"class":141},[43,73956,145],{"class":53},[43,73958,3054],{"class":148},[43,73960,4498],{"class":4491},[43,73962,9014],{"class":148},[43,73964,346],{"class":53},[43,73966,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,73968,142],{"class":141},[43,73970,145],{"class":53},[43,73972,50],{"class":148},[43,73974,79],{"class":53},[43,73976,41885],{"class":148},[43,73978,145],{"class":53},[43,73980,3080],{"class":148},[43,73982,2377],{"class":53},[43,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,73986,142],{"class":141},[43,73988,145],{"class":53},[43,73990,3832],{"class":3510},[43,73992,145],{"class":53},[43,73994,50],{"class":148},[43,73996,2377],{"class":53},[43,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,74000,32779],{"class":141},[43,74002,145],{"class":53},[43,74004,8712],{"class":3510},[43,74006,79],{"class":53},[43,74008,35423],{"class":25373},[43,74010,346],{"class":53},[14,74012,74013],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[389,74015,74016,74019,74022,74025],{},[392,74017,74018],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[392,74020,74021],{},"How many times does it appear?",[392,74023,74024],{},"Am I working with a list?",[392,74026,74027],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,74029,74030,74031,74033],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[269,74032,72289],{"href":59591}," may also help.",[81,74035,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,74037,74039],{"id":74038},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,74041,74042],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1499,74044,74046],{"id":74045},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,74048,5762,74049,74051],{},[18,74050,4391],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1499,74053,74055],{"id":74054},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,74057,74058,74059,74062,74063,79],{},"Check with ",[18,74060,74061],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,74064,56157],{},[1499,74066,74068],{"id":74067},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,74070,230,74071,74073,74074,74076],{},[18,74072,56157],{}," for a value and ",[18,74075,13387],{}," for an index.",[81,74078,2497],{"id":2496},[389,74080,74081,74085,74089,74093,74097],{},[392,74082,74083],{},[269,74084,56143],{"href":55695},[392,74086,74087],{},[269,74088,73762],{"href":55707},[392,74090,74091],{},[269,74092,72289],{"href":59591},[392,74094,74095],{},[269,74096,66463],{"href":73497},[392,74098,74099],{},[269,74100,74102],{"href":74101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2536,74104,74105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":74107},[74108,74109,74110,74111,74112,74113,74114,74115,74116,74117,74123],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":72434,"depth":131,"text":72435},{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047},{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":72887,"depth":131,"text":72888},{"id":66253,"depth":131,"text":66254},{"id":73500,"depth":131,"text":73501},{"id":73765,"depth":131,"text":73766},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":74118},[74119,74120,74121,74122],{"id":74038,"depth":138,"text":74039},{"id":74045,"depth":138,"text":74046},{"id":74054,"depth":138,"text":74055},{"id":74067,"depth":138,"text":74068},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72337,"description":74124},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74131,"title":74132,"body":74133,"description":76020,"extension":2572,"meta":76021,"navigation":134,"path":76022,"seo":76023,"stem":76024,"__hash__":76025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74134,"toc":75990},[74135,74141,74146,74149,74160,74162,74211,74216,74221,74225,74240,74242,74307,74309,74350,74352,74354,74369,74371,74382,74384,74441,74443,74476,74478,74481,74530,74532,74557,74559,74575,74581,74588,74649,74651,74684,74689,74692,74771,74773,74834,74840,74844,74847,74911,74913,74938,74940,74960,74962,75011,75013,75034,75043,75046,75050,75055,75100,75102,75123,75129,75134,75142,75206,75208,75245,75251,75255,75262,75327,75329,75366,75370,75387,75397,75402,75407,75418,75423,75425,75431,75454,75457,75484,75489,75492,75593,75595,75650,75653,75760,75762,75833,75836,75862,75864,75869,75873,75881,75886,75891,75897,75902,75906,75909,75926,75929,75949,75957,75959,75987],[10,74136,54970,74138,11943],{"id":74137},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,74139,74140],{},"reverse()",[14,74142,74143,74145],{},[18,74144,1866],{}," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,74147,74148],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,74150,74151,74152,74154,74155,74159],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,74153,74140],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[269,74156,74158],{"href":74157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[81,74161,4221],{"id":4220},[34,74163,74165],{"className":36,"code":74164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74166,74167,74187,74198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74168,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74170,94],{"class":49},[43,74172,98],{"class":97},[43,74174,101],{"class":53},[43,74176,154],{"class":104},[43,74178,108],{"class":53},[43,74180,1525],{"class":104},[43,74182,108],{"class":53},[43,74184,1530],{"class":104},[43,74186,68],{"class":53},[43,74188,74189,74191,74193,74196],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74190,149],{"class":49},[43,74192,79],{"class":53},[43,74194,74195],{"class":148},"reverse",[43,74197,9262],{"class":53},[43,74199,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74201,142],{"class":141},[43,74203,145],{"class":53},[43,74205,149],{"class":148},[43,74207,4272],{"class":53},[43,74209,74210],{"class":165},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,74212,74213,74215],{},[18,74214,74140],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[81,74217,4289,74219,4292],{"id":74218},"what-listreverse-does",[18,74220,1866],{},[14,74222,74223,59],{},[18,74224,1866],{},[389,74226,74227,74230,74233,74237],{},[392,74228,74229],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[392,74231,74232],{},"Changes the original list directly",[392,74234,12045,74235],{},[18,74236,4391],{},[392,74238,74239],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,74241,494],{},[34,74243,74245],{"className":36,"code":74244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,74246,74247,74287,74297],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74248,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74250,257],{"class":49},[43,74252,98],{"class":97},[43,74254,101],{"class":53},[43,74256,265],{"class":264},[43,74258,269],{"class":268},[43,74260,265],{"class":264},[43,74262,108],{"class":53},[43,74264,276],{"class":264},[43,74266,279],{"class":268},[43,74268,265],{"class":264},[43,74270,108],{"class":53},[43,74272,276],{"class":264},[43,74274,288],{"class":268},[43,74276,265],{"class":264},[43,74278,108],{"class":53},[43,74280,276],{"class":264},[43,74282,297],{"class":268},[43,74284,265],{"class":264},[43,74286,68],{"class":53},[43,74288,74289,74291,74293,74295],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74290,1079],{"class":49},[43,74292,79],{"class":53},[43,74294,74195],{"class":148},[43,74296,9262],{"class":53},[43,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74300,142],{"class":141},[43,74302,145],{"class":53},[43,74304,1079],{"class":148},[43,74306,346],{"class":53},[14,74308,349],{},[34,74310,74312],{"className":36,"code":74311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,74313,74314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74315,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74317,54],{"class":53},[43,74319,361],{"class":264},[43,74321,297],{"class":268},[43,74323,361],{"class":264},[43,74325,108],{"class":53},[43,74327,370],{"class":264},[43,74329,288],{"class":268},[43,74331,361],{"class":264},[43,74333,108],{"class":53},[43,74335,370],{"class":264},[43,74337,279],{"class":268},[43,74339,361],{"class":264},[43,74341,108],{"class":53},[43,74343,370],{"class":264},[43,74345,269],{"class":268},[43,74347,361],{"class":264},[43,74349,68],{"class":53},[81,74351,2763],{"id":2762},[14,74353,2766],{},[34,74355,74357],{"className":36,"code":74356,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,74358,74359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74360,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74362,50],{"class":49},[43,74364,79],{"class":53},[43,74366,74195],{"class":148},[43,74368,9262],{"class":53},[14,74370,387],{},[389,74372,74373,74376,74379],{},[392,74374,74375],{},"No arguments are needed",[392,74377,74378],{},"You call it on an existing list",[392,74380,74381],{},"It only works on lists",[14,74383,494],{},[34,74385,74387],{"className":36,"code":74386,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,74388,74389,74421,74431],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74390,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74392,13700],{"class":49},[43,74394,98],{"class":97},[43,74396,101],{"class":53},[43,74398,265],{"class":264},[43,74400,13717],{"class":268},[43,74402,265],{"class":264},[43,74404,108],{"class":53},[43,74406,276],{"class":264},[43,74408,18077],{"class":268},[43,74410,265],{"class":264},[43,74412,108],{"class":53},[43,74414,276],{"class":264},[43,74416,13734],{"class":268},[43,74418,265],{"class":264},[43,74420,68],{"class":53},[43,74422,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74424,18124],{"class":49},[43,74426,79],{"class":53},[43,74428,74195],{"class":148},[43,74430,9262],{"class":53},[43,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74434,142],{"class":141},[43,74436,145],{"class":53},[43,74438,18124],{"class":148},[43,74440,346],{"class":53},[14,74442,349],{},[34,74444,74446],{"className":36,"code":74445,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,74447,74448],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74449,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74451,54],{"class":53},[43,74453,361],{"class":264},[43,74455,13734],{"class":268},[43,74457,361],{"class":264},[43,74459,108],{"class":53},[43,74461,370],{"class":264},[43,74463,18077],{"class":268},[43,74465,361],{"class":264},[43,74467,108],{"class":53},[43,74469,370],{"class":264},[43,74471,13717],{"class":268},[43,74473,361],{"class":264},[43,74475,68],{"class":53},[81,74477,12097],{"id":12096},[14,74479,74480],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[34,74482,74484],{"className":36,"code":74483,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74485,74486,74510,74520],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74487,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74489,94],{"class":49},[43,74491,98],{"class":97},[43,74493,101],{"class":53},[43,74495,105],{"class":104},[43,74497,108],{"class":53},[43,74499,111],{"class":104},[43,74501,108],{"class":53},[43,74503,116],{"class":104},[43,74505,108],{"class":53},[43,74507,121],{"class":104},[43,74509,68],{"class":53},[43,74511,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74513,149],{"class":49},[43,74515,79],{"class":53},[43,74517,74195],{"class":148},[43,74519,9262],{"class":53},[43,74521,74522,74524,74526,74528],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74523,142],{"class":141},[43,74525,145],{"class":53},[43,74527,149],{"class":148},[43,74529,346],{"class":53},[14,74531,349],{},[34,74533,74535],{"className":36,"code":74534,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,74536,74537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74538,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74540,54],{"class":53},[43,74542,903],{"class":104},[43,74544,108],{"class":53},[43,74546,116],{"class":104},[43,74548,108],{"class":53},[43,74550,111],{"class":104},[43,74552,108],{"class":53},[43,74554,977],{"class":104},[43,74556,68],{"class":53},[14,74558,12306],{},[389,74560,74561,74567,74572],{},[392,74562,74563,74564],{},"The list starts as ",[18,74565,74566],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[392,74568,74569,74571],{},[18,74570,74140],{}," flips the order",[392,74573,74574],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[81,74576,74578,74580],{"id":74577},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,74579,74140],{}," changes the original list",[14,74582,74583,74584,74587],{},"This method is ",[76,74585,74586],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[34,74589,74591],{"className":36,"code":74590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,74592,74593,74625,74635,74639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74594,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74596,36867],{"class":49},[43,74598,98],{"class":97},[43,74600,101],{"class":53},[43,74602,265],{"class":264},[43,74604,4694],{"class":268},[43,74606,265],{"class":264},[43,74608,108],{"class":53},[43,74610,276],{"class":264},[43,74612,4703],{"class":268},[43,74614,265],{"class":264},[43,74616,108],{"class":53},[43,74618,276],{"class":264},[43,74620,4712],{"class":268},[43,74622,265],{"class":264},[43,74624,68],{"class":53},[43,74626,74627,74629,74631,74633],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74628,36919],{"class":49},[43,74630,79],{"class":53},[43,74632,74195],{"class":148},[43,74634,9262],{"class":53},[43,74636,74637],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74638,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,74640,74641,74643,74645,74647],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,74642,142],{"class":141},[43,74644,145],{"class":53},[43,74646,36919],{"class":148},[43,74648,346],{"class":53},[14,74650,349],{},[34,74652,74654],{"className":36,"code":74653,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74655,74656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74657,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74659,54],{"class":53},[43,74661,361],{"class":264},[43,74663,4712],{"class":268},[43,74665,361],{"class":264},[43,74667,108],{"class":53},[43,74669,370],{"class":264},[43,74671,4703],{"class":268},[43,74673,361],{"class":264},[43,74675,108],{"class":53},[43,74677,370],{"class":264},[43,74679,4694],{"class":268},[43,74681,361],{"class":264},[43,74683,68],{"class":53},[14,74685,230,74686,74688],{},[18,74687,74140],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74690,74691],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[34,74693,74695],{"className":36,"code":74694,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74696,74697,74729,74746,74750,74760],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74698,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74700,36867],{"class":49},[43,74702,98],{"class":97},[43,74704,101],{"class":53},[43,74706,265],{"class":264},[43,74708,4694],{"class":268},[43,74710,265],{"class":264},[43,74712,108],{"class":53},[43,74714,276],{"class":264},[43,74716,4703],{"class":268},[43,74718,265],{"class":264},[43,74720,108],{"class":53},[43,74722,276],{"class":264},[43,74724,4712],{"class":268},[43,74726,265],{"class":264},[43,74728,68],{"class":53},[43,74730,74731,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74732,74733],{"class":49},"reversed_fruits ",[43,74735,98],{"class":97},[43,74737,53479],{"class":49},[43,74739,198],{"class":53},[43,74741,220],{"class":97},[43,74743,154],{"class":104},[43,74745,68],{"class":53},[43,74747,74748],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74749,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,74751,74752,74754,74756,74758],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,74753,142],{"class":141},[43,74755,145],{"class":53},[43,74757,36919],{"class":148},[43,74759,346],{"class":53},[43,74761,74762,74764,74766,74769],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,74763,142],{"class":141},[43,74765,145],{"class":53},[43,74767,74768],{"class":148},"reversed_fruits",[43,74770,346],{"class":53},[14,74772,349],{},[34,74774,74776],{"className":36,"code":74775,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74777,74778,74806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74779,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74781,54],{"class":53},[43,74783,361],{"class":264},[43,74785,4694],{"class":268},[43,74787,361],{"class":264},[43,74789,108],{"class":53},[43,74791,370],{"class":264},[43,74793,4703],{"class":268},[43,74795,361],{"class":264},[43,74797,108],{"class":53},[43,74799,370],{"class":264},[43,74801,4712],{"class":268},[43,74803,361],{"class":264},[43,74805,68],{"class":53},[43,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74809,54],{"class":53},[43,74811,361],{"class":264},[43,74813,4712],{"class":268},[43,74815,361],{"class":264},[43,74817,108],{"class":53},[43,74819,370],{"class":264},[43,74821,4703],{"class":268},[43,74823,361],{"class":264},[43,74825,108],{"class":53},[43,74827,370],{"class":264},[43,74829,4694],{"class":268},[43,74831,361],{"class":264},[43,74833,68],{"class":53},[14,74835,74836,74837,79],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[269,74838,74839],{"href":74157},"Python list slicing explained",[81,74841,74843],{"id":74842},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74845,74846],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[34,74848,74850],{"className":36,"code":74849,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74851,74852,74872,74886,74890,74901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74853,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74855,94],{"class":49},[43,74857,98],{"class":97},[43,74859,101],{"class":53},[43,74861,154],{"class":104},[43,74863,108],{"class":53},[43,74865,1525],{"class":104},[43,74867,108],{"class":53},[43,74869,1530],{"class":104},[43,74871,68],{"class":53},[43,74873,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74875,56518],{"class":49},[43,74877,98],{"class":97},[43,74879,2071],{"class":49},[43,74881,79],{"class":53},[43,74883,74195],{"class":148},[43,74885,9262],{"class":53},[43,74887,74888],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,74889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,74891,74892,74894,74896,74899],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,74893,142],{"class":141},[43,74895,145],{"class":53},[43,74897,74898],{"class":148},"new_list",[43,74900,346],{"class":53},[43,74902,74903,74905,74907,74909],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,74904,142],{"class":141},[43,74906,145],{"class":53},[43,74908,149],{"class":148},[43,74910,346],{"class":53},[14,74912,349],{},[34,74914,74916],{"className":36,"code":74915,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74917,74918,74922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74919,74920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74921,12431],{"class":4466},[43,74923,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74925,54],{"class":53},[43,74927,181],{"class":104},[43,74929,108],{"class":53},[43,74931,1525],{"class":104},[43,74933,108],{"class":53},[43,74935,6113],{"class":104},[43,74937,68],{"class":53},[14,74939,12523],{},[389,74941,74942,74950,74954],{},[392,74943,74944,74946,74947,74949],{},[18,74945,74140],{}," changes ",[18,74948,149],{}," directly",[392,74951,1954,74952,72458],{},[76,74953,1957],{},[392,74955,54281,74956,42781,74958],{},[18,74957,74898],{},[18,74959,4391],{},[14,74961,62523],{},[34,74963,74965],{"className":36,"code":74964,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74966,74967,74987,74997,75001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74968,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74970,94],{"class":49},[43,74972,98],{"class":97},[43,74974,101],{"class":53},[43,74976,154],{"class":104},[43,74978,108],{"class":53},[43,74980,1525],{"class":104},[43,74982,108],{"class":53},[43,74984,1530],{"class":104},[43,74986,68],{"class":53},[43,74988,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,74990,149],{"class":49},[43,74992,79],{"class":53},[43,74994,74195],{"class":148},[43,74996,9262],{"class":53},[43,74998,74999],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75000,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75002,75003,75005,75007,75009],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75004,142],{"class":141},[43,75006,145],{"class":53},[43,75008,149],{"class":148},[43,75010,346],{"class":53},[14,75012,349],{},[34,75014,75016],{"className":36,"code":75015,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,75017,75018],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75019,75020,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75021,54],{"class":53},[43,75023,181],{"class":104},[43,75025,108],{"class":53},[43,75027,1525],{"class":104},[43,75029,108],{"class":53},[43,75031,6113],{"class":104},[43,75033,68],{"class":53},[81,75035,75037,11205,75039,75042],{"id":75036},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,75038,74140],{},[18,75040,75041],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,75044,75045],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1499,75047,75048],{"id":74195},[18,75049,74140],{},[14,75051,75052,75054],{},[18,75053,74140],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[34,75056,75058],{"className":36,"code":75057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,75059,75060,75080,75090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75061,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75063,94],{"class":49},[43,75065,98],{"class":97},[43,75067,101],{"class":53},[43,75069,181],{"class":104},[43,75071,108],{"class":53},[43,75073,6113],{"class":104},[43,75075,108],{"class":53},[43,75077,1525],{"class":104},[43,75079,68],{"class":53},[43,75081,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75083,149],{"class":49},[43,75085,79],{"class":53},[43,75087,74195],{"class":148},[43,75089,9262],{"class":53},[43,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75093,142],{"class":141},[43,75095,145],{"class":53},[43,75097,149],{"class":148},[43,75099,346],{"class":53},[14,75101,349],{},[34,75103,75105],{"className":36,"code":75104,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,75106,75107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75108,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75110,54],{"class":53},[43,75112,201],{"class":104},[43,75114,108],{"class":53},[43,75116,6113],{"class":104},[43,75118,108],{"class":53},[43,75120,1530],{"class":104},[43,75122,68],{"class":53},[14,75124,75125,75126,75128],{},"Notice that this is ",[76,75127,1957],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1499,75130,75132],{"id":75131},"sorted",[18,75133,75041],{},[14,75135,75136,75141],{},[269,75137,75139],{"href":75138},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,75140,75041],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[34,75143,75145],{"className":36,"code":75144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,75146,75147,75167,75182,75186,75196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75148,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75150,94],{"class":49},[43,75152,98],{"class":97},[43,75154,101],{"class":53},[43,75156,181],{"class":104},[43,75158,108],{"class":53},[43,75160,6113],{"class":104},[43,75162,108],{"class":53},[43,75164,1525],{"class":104},[43,75166,68],{"class":53},[43,75168,75169,75171,75173,75176,75178,75180],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75170,2836],{"class":49},[43,75172,98],{"class":97},[43,75174,75175],{"class":141}," sorted",[43,75177,145],{"class":53},[43,75179,149],{"class":148},[43,75181,346],{"class":53},[43,75183,75184],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75185,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75187,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75189,142],{"class":141},[43,75191,145],{"class":53},[43,75193,149],{"class":148},[43,75195,346],{"class":53},[43,75197,75198,75200,75202,75204],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,75199,142],{"class":141},[43,75201,145],{"class":53},[43,75203,2871],{"class":148},[43,75205,346],{"class":53},[14,75207,349],{},[34,75209,75211],{"className":36,"code":75210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75212,75213,75229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75214,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75216,54],{"class":53},[43,75218,181],{"class":104},[43,75220,108],{"class":53},[43,75222,6113],{"class":104},[43,75224,108],{"class":53},[43,75226,1525],{"class":104},[43,75228,68],{"class":53},[43,75230,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75232,54],{"class":53},[43,75234,154],{"class":104},[43,75236,108],{"class":53},[43,75238,1525],{"class":104},[43,75240,108],{"class":53},[43,75242,1530],{"class":104},[43,75244,68],{"class":53},[14,75246,75247,75248,79],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,75249,75250],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1499,75252,75254],{"id":75253},"slicing","Slicing",[14,75256,75257,75258,75261],{},"Slicing with ",[18,75259,75260],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[34,75263,75265],{"className":36,"code":75264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,75266,75267,75287,75303,75307,75317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75268,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75270,94],{"class":49},[43,75272,98],{"class":97},[43,75274,101],{"class":53},[43,75276,181],{"class":104},[43,75278,108],{"class":53},[43,75280,6113],{"class":104},[43,75282,108],{"class":53},[43,75284,1525],{"class":104},[43,75286,68],{"class":53},[43,75288,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75290,2836],{"class":49},[43,75292,98],{"class":97},[43,75294,2071],{"class":49},[43,75296,198],{"class":53},[43,75298,220],{"class":97},[43,75300,154],{"class":104},[43,75302,68],{"class":53},[43,75304,75305],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75306,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75308,75309,75311,75313,75315],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75310,142],{"class":141},[43,75312,145],{"class":53},[43,75314,149],{"class":148},[43,75316,346],{"class":53},[43,75318,75319,75321,75323,75325],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,75320,142],{"class":141},[43,75322,145],{"class":53},[43,75324,2871],{"class":148},[43,75326,346],{"class":53},[14,75328,349],{},[34,75330,75332],{"className":36,"code":75331,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,75333,75334,75350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75335,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75337,54],{"class":53},[43,75339,181],{"class":104},[43,75341,108],{"class":53},[43,75343,6113],{"class":104},[43,75345,108],{"class":53},[43,75347,1525],{"class":104},[43,75349,68],{"class":53},[43,75351,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75353,54],{"class":53},[43,75355,201],{"class":104},[43,75357,108],{"class":53},[43,75359,6113],{"class":104},[43,75361,108],{"class":53},[43,75363,1530],{"class":104},[43,75365,68],{"class":53},[1499,75367,75369],{"id":75368},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[389,75371,75372,75377,75382],{},[392,75373,230,75374,75376],{},[18,75375,74140],{}," when you want to change the original list",[392,75378,230,75379,75381],{},[18,75380,75260],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[392,75383,230,75384,75386],{},[18,75385,75041],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,75388,75389,75390,75396],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[269,75391,75393,75394,11361],{"href":75392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,75395,64937],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[81,75398,5576,75400],{"id":75399},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,75401,74140],{},[14,75403,75404,75406],{},[18,75405,74140],{}," is a good choice:",[389,75408,75409,75412,75415],{},[392,75410,75411],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[392,75413,75414],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[392,75416,75417],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,75419,75420,75421,79],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[269,75422,2520],{"href":1496},[81,75424,3438],{"id":3437},[14,75426,75427,75428,75430],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,75429,74140],{}," for these reasons:",[389,75432,75433,75437,75442,75447],{},[392,75434,13218,75435,13221],{},[18,75436,74140],{},[392,75438,9071,75439,75441],{},[18,75440,74140],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[392,75443,2445,75444,75446],{},[18,75445,74140],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[392,75448,1860,75449,1863,75451],{},[18,75450,74140],{},[18,75452,75453],{},"reversed()",[14,75455,75456],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[34,75458,75460],{"className":36,"code":75459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,75461,75462,75474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75463,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75465,35316],{"class":49},[43,75467,98],{"class":97},[43,75469,276],{"class":264},[43,75471,4459],{"class":268},[43,75473,3969],{"class":264},[43,75475,75476,75478,75480,75482],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75477,35337],{"class":49},[43,75479,79],{"class":53},[43,75481,74195],{"class":148},[43,75483,9262],{"class":53},[14,75485,75486,75487,34228],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,75488,74140],{},[14,75490,75491],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[34,75493,75495],{"className":36,"code":75494,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75496,75497,75517,75521,75531,75545,75549,75563,75573,75577],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75498,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75500,8927],{"class":49},[43,75502,98],{"class":97},[43,75504,101],{"class":53},[43,75506,154],{"class":104},[43,75508,108],{"class":53},[43,75510,1525],{"class":104},[43,75512,108],{"class":53},[43,75514,1530],{"class":104},[43,75516,68],{"class":53},[43,75518,75519],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75520,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75522,75523,75525,75527,75529],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75524,142],{"class":141},[43,75526,145],{"class":53},[43,75528,50],{"class":148},[43,75530,346],{"class":53},[43,75532,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75534,142],{"class":141},[43,75536,145],{"class":53},[43,75538,3832],{"class":3510},[43,75540,145],{"class":53},[43,75542,50],{"class":148},[43,75544,2377],{"class":53},[43,75546,75547],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,75548,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75550,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,75552,2836],{"class":49},[43,75554,98],{"class":97},[43,75556,9014],{"class":49},[43,75558,79],{"class":53},[43,75560,74195],{"class":148},[43,75562,9262],{"class":53},[43,75564,75565,75567,75569,75571],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,75566,142],{"class":141},[43,75568,145],{"class":53},[43,75570,2871],{"class":148},[43,75572,346],{"class":53},[43,75574,75575],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,75576,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75578,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,75580,142],{"class":141},[43,75582,145],{"class":53},[43,75584,50],{"class":148},[43,75586,198],{"class":53},[43,75588,220],{"class":97},[43,75590,154],{"class":104},[43,75592,1547],{"class":53},[14,75594,349],{},[34,75596,75598],{"className":36,"code":75597,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,75599,75600,75616,75630,75634],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75601,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75603,54],{"class":53},[43,75605,154],{"class":104},[43,75607,108],{"class":53},[43,75609,1525],{"class":104},[43,75611,108],{"class":53},[43,75613,1530],{"class":104},[43,75615,68],{"class":53},[43,75617,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75619,3901],{"class":97},[43,75621,3904],{"class":2671},[43,75623,370],{"class":264},[43,75625,8712],{"class":268},[43,75627,361],{"class":264},[43,75629,3913],{"class":97},[43,75631,75632],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75633,12431],{"class":4466},[43,75635,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75637,54],{"class":53},[43,75639,154],{"class":104},[43,75641,108],{"class":53},[43,75643,1525],{"class":104},[43,75645,108],{"class":53},[43,75647,6113],{"class":104},[43,75649,68],{"class":53},[14,75651,75652],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[34,75654,75656],{"className":36,"code":75655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75657,75658,75678,75682,75692,75706,75710,75724,75734,75744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75659,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75661,8927],{"class":49},[43,75663,98],{"class":97},[43,75665,101],{"class":53},[43,75667,154],{"class":104},[43,75669,108],{"class":53},[43,75671,1525],{"class":104},[43,75673,108],{"class":53},[43,75675,1530],{"class":104},[43,75677,68],{"class":53},[43,75679,75680],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75681,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75683,75684,75686,75688,75690],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75685,142],{"class":141},[43,75687,145],{"class":53},[43,75689,50],{"class":148},[43,75691,346],{"class":53},[43,75693,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75695,142],{"class":141},[43,75697,145],{"class":53},[43,75699,3832],{"class":3510},[43,75701,145],{"class":53},[43,75703,50],{"class":148},[43,75705,2377],{"class":53},[43,75707,75708],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,75709,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,75711,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,75713,2836],{"class":49},[43,75715,98],{"class":97},[43,75717,9014],{"class":49},[43,75719,79],{"class":53},[43,75721,74195],{"class":148},[43,75723,9262],{"class":53},[43,75725,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,75727,142],{"class":141},[43,75729,145],{"class":53},[43,75731,2871],{"class":148},[43,75733,346],{"class":53},[43,75735,75736,75738,75740,75742],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,75737,142],{"class":141},[43,75739,145],{"class":53},[43,75741,50],{"class":148},[43,75743,346],{"class":53},[43,75745,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,75747,142],{"class":141},[43,75749,145],{"class":53},[43,75751,50],{"class":148},[43,75753,198],{"class":53},[43,75755,220],{"class":97},[43,75757,154],{"class":104},[43,75759,1547],{"class":53},[14,75761,349],{},[34,75763,75765],{"className":36,"code":75764,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75766,75767,75783,75797,75801,75817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75768,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75770,54],{"class":53},[43,75772,154],{"class":104},[43,75774,108],{"class":53},[43,75776,1525],{"class":104},[43,75778,108],{"class":53},[43,75780,1530],{"class":104},[43,75782,68],{"class":53},[43,75784,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,75786,3901],{"class":97},[43,75788,3904],{"class":2671},[43,75790,370],{"class":264},[43,75792,8712],{"class":268},[43,75794,361],{"class":264},[43,75796,3913],{"class":97},[43,75798,75799],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,75800,12431],{"class":4466},[43,75802,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,75804,54],{"class":53},[43,75806,181],{"class":104},[43,75808,108],{"class":53},[43,75810,1525],{"class":104},[43,75812,108],{"class":53},[43,75814,6113],{"class":104},[43,75816,68],{"class":53},[43,75818,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,75820,54],{"class":53},[43,75822,154],{"class":104},[43,75824,108],{"class":53},[43,75826,1525],{"class":104},[43,75828,108],{"class":53},[43,75830,1530],{"class":104},[43,75832,68],{"class":53},[14,75834,75835],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[389,75837,75838,75847,75856],{},[392,75839,28420,75840,75843,75844],{},[18,75841,75842],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75845,75846],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[392,75848,12539,75849,75852,75853,23182],{},[18,75850,75851],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[76,75854,75855],{},"current",[392,75857,75858,75859],{},"So it prints ",[18,75860,75861],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[81,75863,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,75865,13328,75867,56097],{"id":75866},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75868,1866],{},[14,75870,63228,75871,79],{},[18,75872,4391],{},[1499,75874,34833,75876,34836,75878,2490],{"id":75875},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75877,74140],{},[18,75879,75880],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75882,75883,75885],{},[18,75884,74140],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75887,75888,75890],{},[18,75889,75880],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1499,75892,28953,75894,75896],{"id":75893},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75895,74140],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75898,46992,75899,75901],{},[18,75900,74140],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1499,75903,75905],{"id":75904},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75907,75908],{},"Use slicing:",[34,75910,75912],{"className":36,"code":75911,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75913,75914],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75915,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75917,50],{"class":49},[43,75919,198],{"class":53},[43,75921,220],{"class":97},[43,75923,154],{"class":104},[43,75925,68],{"class":53},[14,75927,75928],{},"Or use:",[34,75930,75932],{"className":36,"code":75931,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75933,75934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75935,75936,75938,75940,75943,75945,75947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75937,8712],{"class":3510},[43,75939,145],{"class":53},[43,75941,75942],{"class":141},"reversed",[43,75944,145],{"class":53},[43,75946,50],{"class":148},[43,75948,2377],{"class":53},[14,75950,75951,75952,75956],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[269,75953,56148,75954],{"href":55588},[18,75955,13401],{}," can also help.",[81,75958,2497],{"id":2496},[389,75960,75961,75967,75973,75977,75981],{},[392,75962,75963],{},[269,75964,56148,75965,11361],{"href":75392},[18,75966,64937],{},[392,75968,75969],{},[269,75970,4187,75971,4120],{"href":75138},[18,75972,75041],{},[392,75974,75975],{},[269,75976,2520],{"href":1496},[392,75978,75979],{},[269,75980,74839],{"href":74157},[392,75982,75983],{},[269,75984,56148,75985,11361],{"href":55588},[18,75986,13401],{},[2536,75988,75989],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":75991},[75992,75993,75995,75996,75997,75999,76000,76007,76009,76010,76019],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":74218,"depth":131,"text":75994},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":74577,"depth":131,"text":75998},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74842,"depth":131,"text":74843},{"id":75036,"depth":131,"text":76001,"children":76002},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[76003,76004,76005,76006],{"id":74195,"depth":138,"text":74140},{"id":75131,"depth":138,"text":75041},{"id":75253,"depth":138,"text":75254},{"id":75368,"depth":138,"text":75369},{"id":75399,"depth":131,"text":76008},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":76011},[76012,76014,76016,76018],{"id":75866,"depth":138,"text":76013},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75875,"depth":138,"text":76015},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75893,"depth":138,"text":76017},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75904,"depth":138,"text":75905},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78244,"toc":80278},[78245,78250,78256,78262,78264,78311,78318,78323,78327,78342,78345,78398,78400,78425,78430,78432,78464,78467,78483,78485,78546,78548,78573,78577,78582,78635,78637,78662,78667,78728,78730,78755,78758,78765,78769,78772,78833,78835,78868,78871,78932,78934,78967,78973,79046,79048,79080,79087,79092,79097,79099,79111,79114,79192,79194,79235,79238,79312,79314,79347,79352,79359,79366,79370,79379,79383,79391,79393,79460,79462,79498,79503,79514,79516,79521,79526,79528,79591,79593,79618,79625,79630,79634,79637,79677,79682,79688,79693,79695,79722,79727,79730,79777,79779,79836,79843,79848,79854,79923,79927,79930,79993,79995,80028,80033,80035,80038,80119,80121,80145,80151,80153,80158,80162,80169,80177,80181,80183,80206,80210,80212,80239,80242,80249,80252,80254,80275],[10,78246,54970,78248,11943],{"id":78247},"python-list-sort-method",[18,78249,64937],{},[14,78251,78252,78255],{},[18,78253,78254],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,78257,78258,78259,78261],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,78260,64937],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[81,78263,84],{"id":83},[34,78265,78267],{"className":36,"code":78266,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78268,78269,78289,78299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78270,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78272,94],{"class":49},[43,78274,98],{"class":97},[43,78276,101],{"class":53},[43,78278,181],{"class":104},[43,78280,108],{"class":53},[43,78282,6113],{"class":104},[43,78284,108],{"class":53},[43,78286,1525],{"class":104},[43,78288,68],{"class":53},[43,78290,78291,78293,78295,78297],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78292,149],{"class":49},[43,78294,79],{"class":53},[43,78296,35428],{"class":148},[43,78298,9262],{"class":53},[43,78300,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78302,142],{"class":141},[43,78304,145],{"class":53},[43,78306,149],{"class":148},[43,78308,4272],{"class":53},[43,78310,55560],{"class":165},[14,78312,230,78313,78315,78316,79],{},[18,78314,78254],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,78317,4391],{},[81,78319,4289,78321,4292],{"id":78320},"what-listsort-does",[18,78322,78254],{},[14,78324,78325,59],{},[18,78326,78254],{},[389,78328,78329,78332,78335,78339],{},[392,78330,78331],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[392,78333,78334],{},"Changes the original list",[392,78336,12045,78337],{},[18,78338,4391],{},[392,78340,78341],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78343,78344],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[34,78346,78348],{"className":36,"code":78347,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78349,78350,78374,78384,78388],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78351,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78353,94],{"class":49},[43,78355,98],{"class":97},[43,78357,101],{"class":53},[43,78359,831],{"class":104},[43,78361,108],{"class":53},[43,78363,1525],{"class":104},[43,78365,108],{"class":53},[43,78367,54764],{"class":104},[43,78369,108],{"class":53},[43,78371,6113],{"class":104},[43,78373,68],{"class":53},[43,78375,78376,78378,78380,78382],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78377,149],{"class":49},[43,78379,79],{"class":53},[43,78381,35428],{"class":148},[43,78383,9262],{"class":53},[43,78385,78386],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78387,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78389,78390,78392,78394,78396],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78391,142],{"class":141},[43,78393,145],{"class":53},[43,78395,149],{"class":148},[43,78397,346],{"class":53},[14,78399,349],{},[34,78401,78403],{"className":36,"code":78402,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,78404,78405],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78406,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78408,54],{"class":53},[43,78410,154],{"class":104},[43,78412,108],{"class":53},[43,78414,1525],{"class":104},[43,78416,108],{"class":53},[43,78418,5221],{"class":104},[43,78420,108],{"class":53},[43,78422,54764],{"class":104},[43,78424,68],{"class":53},[14,78426,78427,78428,79],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[269,78429,67701],{"href":418},[81,78431,2763],{"id":2762},[34,78433,78435],{"className":36,"code":78434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,78436,78437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78438,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78458,78460,78462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78440,50],{"class":49},[43,78442,79],{"class":53},[43,78444,35428],{"class":148},[43,78446,145],{"class":53},[43,78448,15466],{"class":9794},[43,78450,98],{"class":97},[43,78452,4391],{"class":4466},[43,78454,108],{"class":53},[43,78456,78457],{"class":9794}," reverse",[43,78459,98],{"class":97},[43,78461,4285],{"class":4466},[43,78463,346],{"class":53},[14,78465,78466],{},"Main arguments:",[389,78468,78469,78474,78480],{},[392,78470,78471,78473],{},[18,78472,15466],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[392,78475,78476,78479],{},[18,78477,78478],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[392,78481,78482],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78484,494],{},[34,78486,78488],{"className":36,"code":78487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78489,78490,78514,78532,78536],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78491,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78493,94],{"class":49},[43,78495,98],{"class":97},[43,78497,101],{"class":53},[43,78499,159],{"class":104},[43,78501,108],{"class":53},[43,78503,6113],{"class":104},[43,78505,108],{"class":53},[43,78507,6609],{"class":104},[43,78509,108],{"class":53},[43,78511,1525],{"class":104},[43,78513,68],{"class":53},[43,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78517,149],{"class":49},[43,78519,79],{"class":53},[43,78521,35428],{"class":148},[43,78523,145],{"class":53},[43,78525,74195],{"class":9794},[43,78527,98],{"class":97},[43,78529,4216],{"class":4466},[43,78531,346],{"class":53},[43,78533,78534],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78535,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78537,78538,78540,78542,78544],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78539,142],{"class":141},[43,78541,145],{"class":53},[43,78543,149],{"class":148},[43,78545,346],{"class":53},[14,78547,349],{},[34,78549,78551],{"className":36,"code":78550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78552,78553],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78554,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78556,54],{"class":53},[43,78558,2632],{"class":104},[43,78560,108],{"class":53},[43,78562,3064],{"class":104},[43,78564,108],{"class":53},[43,78566,1525],{"class":104},[43,78568,108],{"class":53},[43,78570,6113],{"class":104},[43,78572,68],{"class":53},[81,78574,78576],{"id":78575},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78578,230,78579,78581],{},[18,78580,64937],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[34,78583,78585],{"className":36,"code":78584,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78586,78587,78611,78621,78625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78588,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78590,94],{"class":49},[43,78592,98],{"class":97},[43,78594,101],{"class":53},[43,78596,105],{"class":104},[43,78598,108],{"class":53},[43,78600,1530],{"class":104},[43,78602,108],{"class":53},[43,78604,6975],{"class":104},[43,78606,108],{"class":53},[43,78608,6113],{"class":104},[43,78610,68],{"class":53},[43,78612,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78614,149],{"class":49},[43,78616,79],{"class":53},[43,78618,35428],{"class":148},[43,78620,9262],{"class":53},[43,78622,78623],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78624,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78628,142],{"class":141},[43,78630,145],{"class":53},[43,78632,149],{"class":148},[43,78634,346],{"class":53},[14,78636,349],{},[34,78638,78640],{"className":36,"code":78639,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78641,78642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78643,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78645,54],{"class":53},[43,78647,154],{"class":104},[43,78649,108],{"class":53},[43,78651,1530],{"class":104},[43,78653,108],{"class":53},[43,78655,6975],{"class":104},[43,78657,108],{"class":53},[43,78659,977],{"class":104},[43,78661,68],{"class":53},[14,78663,230,78664,78666],{},[18,78665,78478],{}," for descending order:",[34,78668,78670],{"className":36,"code":78669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78671,78672,78696,78714,78718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78675,94],{"class":49},[43,78677,98],{"class":97},[43,78679,101],{"class":53},[43,78681,105],{"class":104},[43,78683,108],{"class":53},[43,78685,1530],{"class":104},[43,78687,108],{"class":53},[43,78689,6975],{"class":104},[43,78691,108],{"class":53},[43,78693,6113],{"class":104},[43,78695,68],{"class":53},[43,78697,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78699,149],{"class":49},[43,78701,79],{"class":53},[43,78703,35428],{"class":148},[43,78705,145],{"class":53},[43,78707,74195],{"class":9794},[43,78709,98],{"class":97},[43,78711,4216],{"class":4466},[43,78713,346],{"class":53},[43,78715,78716],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78717,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78719,78720,78722,78724,78726],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78721,142],{"class":141},[43,78723,145],{"class":53},[43,78725,149],{"class":148},[43,78727,346],{"class":53},[14,78729,349],{},[34,78731,78733],{"className":36,"code":78732,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78734,78735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78736,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78738,54],{"class":53},[43,78740,105],{"class":104},[43,78742,108],{"class":53},[43,78744,6975],{"class":104},[43,78746,108],{"class":53},[43,78748,1530],{"class":104},[43,78750,108],{"class":53},[43,78752,6113],{"class":104},[43,78754,68],{"class":53},[14,78756,78757],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78759,78760,78761,79],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[269,78762,78764],{"href":78763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[81,78766,78768],{"id":78767},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78770,78771],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[34,78773,78775],{"className":36,"code":78774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78776,78777,78809,78819,78823],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78780,4685],{"class":49},[43,78782,98],{"class":97},[43,78784,101],{"class":53},[43,78786,265],{"class":264},[43,78788,4703],{"class":268},[43,78790,265],{"class":264},[43,78792,108],{"class":53},[43,78794,276],{"class":264},[43,78796,4694],{"class":268},[43,78798,265],{"class":264},[43,78800,108],{"class":53},[43,78802,276],{"class":264},[43,78804,4712],{"class":268},[43,78806,265],{"class":264},[43,78808,68],{"class":53},[43,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78812,4729],{"class":49},[43,78814,79],{"class":53},[43,78816,35428],{"class":148},[43,78818,9262],{"class":53},[43,78820,78821],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78822,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78824,78825,78827,78829,78831],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78826,142],{"class":141},[43,78828,145],{"class":53},[43,78830,4729],{"class":148},[43,78832,346],{"class":53},[14,78834,349],{},[34,78836,78838],{"className":36,"code":78837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78839,78840],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78841,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78843,54],{"class":53},[43,78845,361],{"class":264},[43,78847,4694],{"class":268},[43,78849,361],{"class":264},[43,78851,108],{"class":53},[43,78853,370],{"class":264},[43,78855,4703],{"class":268},[43,78857,361],{"class":264},[43,78859,108],{"class":53},[43,78861,370],{"class":264},[43,78863,4712],{"class":268},[43,78865,361],{"class":264},[43,78867,68],{"class":53},[14,78869,78870],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[34,78872,78874],{"className":36,"code":78873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78875,78876,78908,78918,78922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78877,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78879,4685],{"class":49},[43,78881,98],{"class":97},[43,78883,101],{"class":53},[43,78885,265],{"class":264},[43,78887,4703],{"class":268},[43,78889,265],{"class":264},[43,78891,108],{"class":53},[43,78893,276],{"class":264},[43,78895,58394],{"class":268},[43,78897,265],{"class":264},[43,78899,108],{"class":53},[43,78901,276],{"class":264},[43,78903,4712],{"class":268},[43,78905,265],{"class":264},[43,78907,68],{"class":53},[43,78909,78910,78912,78914,78916],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,78911,4729],{"class":49},[43,78913,79],{"class":53},[43,78915,35428],{"class":148},[43,78917,9262],{"class":53},[43,78919,78920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,78921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,78923,78924,78926,78928,78930],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,78925,142],{"class":141},[43,78927,145],{"class":53},[43,78929,4729],{"class":148},[43,78931,346],{"class":53},[14,78933,349],{},[34,78935,78937],{"className":36,"code":78936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78938,78939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78942,54],{"class":53},[43,78944,361],{"class":264},[43,78946,58394],{"class":268},[43,78948,361],{"class":264},[43,78950,108],{"class":53},[43,78952,370],{"class":264},[43,78954,4703],{"class":268},[43,78956,361],{"class":264},[43,78958,108],{"class":53},[43,78960,370],{"class":264},[43,78962,4712],{"class":268},[43,78964,361],{"class":264},[43,78966,68],{"class":53},[14,78968,78969,78970,59],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78971,78972],{},"key=str.lower",[34,78974,78976],{"className":36,"code":78975,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78977,78978,79010,79032,79036],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78981,4685],{"class":49},[43,78983,98],{"class":97},[43,78985,101],{"class":53},[43,78987,265],{"class":264},[43,78989,4703],{"class":268},[43,78991,265],{"class":264},[43,78993,108],{"class":53},[43,78995,276],{"class":264},[43,78997,58394],{"class":268},[43,78999,265],{"class":264},[43,79001,108],{"class":53},[43,79003,276],{"class":264},[43,79005,4712],{"class":268},[43,79007,265],{"class":264},[43,79009,68],{"class":53},[43,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79013,4729],{"class":49},[43,79015,79],{"class":53},[43,79017,35428],{"class":148},[43,79019,145],{"class":53},[43,79021,15466],{"class":9794},[43,79023,98],{"class":97},[43,79025,4054],{"class":3510},[43,79027,79],{"class":53},[43,79029,9259],{"class":25373},[43,79031,346],{"class":53},[43,79033,79034],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79035,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79037,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79039,142],{"class":141},[43,79041,145],{"class":53},[43,79043,4729],{"class":148},[43,79045,346],{"class":53},[14,79047,349],{},[34,79049,79050],{"className":36,"code":78936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,79051,79052],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79053,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79055,54],{"class":53},[43,79057,361],{"class":264},[43,79059,58394],{"class":268},[43,79061,361],{"class":264},[43,79063,108],{"class":53},[43,79065,370],{"class":264},[43,79067,4703],{"class":268},[43,79069,361],{"class":264},[43,79071,108],{"class":53},[43,79073,370],{"class":264},[43,79075,4712],{"class":268},[43,79077,361],{"class":264},[43,79079,68],{"class":53},[14,79081,79082,79083,79086],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,79084,79085],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[81,79088,37241,79090,37244],{"id":79089},"using-the-key-argument",[18,79091,15466],{},[14,79093,1242,79094,79096],{},[18,79095,15466],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,79098,7960],{},[389,79100,79101,79106],{},[392,79102,79103,79105],{},[18,79104,2370],{}," to sort by length",[392,79107,79108,79110],{},[18,79109,79085],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,79112,79113],{},"Sort words by length:",[34,79115,79117],{"className":36,"code":79116,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79118,79119,79160,79178,79182],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79120,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79122,4685],{"class":49},[43,79124,98],{"class":97},[43,79126,101],{"class":53},[43,79128,265],{"class":264},[43,79130,79131],{"class":268},"pear",[43,79133,265],{"class":264},[43,79135,108],{"class":53},[43,79137,276],{"class":264},[43,79139,4703],{"class":268},[43,79141,265],{"class":264},[43,79143,108],{"class":53},[43,79145,276],{"class":264},[43,79147,38985],{"class":268},[43,79149,265],{"class":264},[43,79151,108],{"class":53},[43,79153,276],{"class":264},[43,79155,4694],{"class":268},[43,79157,265],{"class":264},[43,79159,68],{"class":53},[43,79161,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79163,4729],{"class":49},[43,79165,79],{"class":53},[43,79167,35428],{"class":148},[43,79169,145],{"class":53},[43,79171,15466],{"class":9794},[43,79173,98],{"class":97},[43,79175,2370],{"class":141},[43,79177,346],{"class":53},[43,79179,79180],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79181,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79183,79184,79186,79188,79190],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79185,142],{"class":141},[43,79187,145],{"class":53},[43,79189,4729],{"class":148},[43,79191,346],{"class":53},[14,79193,349],{},[34,79195,79197],{"className":36,"code":79196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,79198,79199],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79202,54],{"class":53},[43,79204,361],{"class":264},[43,79206,38985],{"class":268},[43,79208,361],{"class":264},[43,79210,108],{"class":53},[43,79212,370],{"class":264},[43,79214,79131],{"class":268},[43,79216,361],{"class":264},[43,79218,108],{"class":53},[43,79220,370],{"class":264},[43,79222,4694],{"class":268},[43,79224,361],{"class":264},[43,79226,108],{"class":53},[43,79228,370],{"class":264},[43,79230,4703],{"class":268},[43,79232,361],{"class":264},[43,79234,68],{"class":53},[14,79236,79237],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[34,79239,79241],{"className":36,"code":79240,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79242,79243,79276,79298,79302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79244,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79272,79274],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79246,4685],{"class":49},[43,79248,98],{"class":97},[43,79250,101],{"class":53},[43,79252,265],{"class":264},[43,79254,5628],{"class":268},[43,79256,265],{"class":264},[43,79258,108],{"class":53},[43,79260,276],{"class":264},[43,79262,18425],{"class":268},[43,79264,265],{"class":264},[43,79266,108],{"class":53},[43,79268,276],{"class":264},[43,79270,79271],{"class":268},"Carol",[43,79273,265],{"class":264},[43,79275,68],{"class":53},[43,79277,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79279,4729],{"class":49},[43,79281,79],{"class":53},[43,79283,35428],{"class":148},[43,79285,145],{"class":53},[43,79287,15466],{"class":9794},[43,79289,98],{"class":97},[43,79291,4054],{"class":3510},[43,79293,79],{"class":53},[43,79295,9259],{"class":25373},[43,79297,346],{"class":53},[43,79299,79300],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79301,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79305,142],{"class":141},[43,79307,145],{"class":53},[43,79309,4729],{"class":148},[43,79311,346],{"class":53},[14,79313,349],{},[34,79315,79317],{"className":36,"code":79316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,79318,79319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79320,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79322,54],{"class":53},[43,79324,361],{"class":264},[43,79326,18425],{"class":268},[43,79328,361],{"class":264},[43,79330,108],{"class":53},[43,79332,370],{"class":264},[43,79334,5628],{"class":268},[43,79336,361],{"class":264},[43,79338,108],{"class":53},[43,79340,370],{"class":264},[43,79342,79271],{"class":268},[43,79344,361],{"class":264},[43,79346,68],{"class":53},[14,79348,1242,79349,79351],{},[18,79350,15466],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[81,79353,79355,11205,79357],{"id":79354},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,79356,78254],{},[18,79358,75041],{},[14,79360,79361,1233,79363,79365],{},[18,79362,78254],{},[18,79364,75041],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79367,79368,59],{},[18,79369,78254],{},[389,79371,79372,79375],{},[392,79373,79374],{},"Changes the existing list",[392,79376,12045,79377],{},[18,79378,4391],{},[14,79380,79381,59],{},[18,79382,75041],{},[389,79384,79385,79388],{},[392,79386,79387],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[392,79389,79390],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79392,494],{},[34,79394,79396],{"className":36,"code":79395,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,79397,79398,79418,79422,79436,79440,79450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79399,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79401,94],{"class":49},[43,79403,98],{"class":97},[43,79405,101],{"class":53},[43,79407,181],{"class":104},[43,79409,108],{"class":53},[43,79411,6113],{"class":104},[43,79413,108],{"class":53},[43,79415,1525],{"class":104},[43,79417,68],{"class":53},[43,79419,79420],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79421,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79425,56518],{"class":49},[43,79427,98],{"class":97},[43,79429,75175],{"class":141},[43,79431,145],{"class":53},[43,79433,149],{"class":148},[43,79435,346],{"class":53},[43,79437,79438],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79439,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79441,79442,79444,79446,79448],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,79443,142],{"class":141},[43,79445,145],{"class":53},[43,79447,149],{"class":148},[43,79449,346],{"class":53},[43,79451,79452,79454,79456,79458],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,79453,142],{"class":141},[43,79455,145],{"class":53},[43,79457,74898],{"class":148},[43,79459,346],{"class":53},[14,79461,349],{},[34,79463,79464],{"className":36,"code":75210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,79465,79466,79482],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79467,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79469,54],{"class":53},[43,79471,181],{"class":104},[43,79473,108],{"class":53},[43,79475,6113],{"class":104},[43,79477,108],{"class":53},[43,79479,1525],{"class":104},[43,79481,68],{"class":53},[43,79483,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79485,54],{"class":53},[43,79487,154],{"class":104},[43,79489,108],{"class":53},[43,79491,1525],{"class":104},[43,79493,108],{"class":53},[43,79495,1530],{"class":104},[43,79497,68],{"class":53},[14,79499,230,79500,79502],{},[18,79501,75041],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79504,79505,79506,1233,79510,79],{},"You can learn more in ",[269,79507,4187,79508,6399],{"href":75138},[18,79509,75041],{},[269,79511,79513],{"href":79512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[81,79515,3438],{"id":3437},[14,79517,79518,79519,79],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79520,78254],{},[1499,79522,13218,79524],{"id":79523},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79525,64937],{},[14,79527,26314],{},[34,79529,79531],{"className":36,"code":79530,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79532,79533,79553,79567,79571,79581],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79534,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79536,94],{"class":49},[43,79538,98],{"class":97},[43,79540,101],{"class":53},[43,79542,181],{"class":104},[43,79544,108],{"class":53},[43,79546,6113],{"class":104},[43,79548,108],{"class":53},[43,79550,1525],{"class":104},[43,79552,68],{"class":53},[43,79554,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79556,2836],{"class":49},[43,79558,98],{"class":97},[43,79560,2071],{"class":49},[43,79562,79],{"class":53},[43,79564,35428],{"class":148},[43,79566,9262],{"class":53},[43,79568,79569],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79570,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79572,79573,79575,79577,79579],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79574,142],{"class":141},[43,79576,145],{"class":53},[43,79578,2871],{"class":148},[43,79580,346],{"class":53},[43,79582,79583,79585,79587,79589],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,79584,142],{"class":141},[43,79586,145],{"class":53},[43,79588,149],{"class":148},[43,79590,346],{"class":53},[14,79592,349],{},[34,79594,79596],{"className":36,"code":79595,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79597,79598,79602],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79599,79600],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79601,12431],{"class":4466},[43,79603,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79605,54],{"class":53},[43,79607,154],{"class":104},[43,79609,108],{"class":53},[43,79611,1525],{"class":104},[43,79613,108],{"class":53},[43,79615,1530],{"class":104},[43,79617,68],{"class":53},[14,79619,79620,79622,79623,79],{},[18,79621,64937],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79624,4391],{},[14,79626,79627,79628,7247],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79629,75041],{},[1499,79631,79633],{"id":79632},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79635,79636],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[34,79638,79640],{"className":36,"code":79639,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79641,79642,79667],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79643,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79659,79661,79663,79665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79645,8398],{"class":49},[43,79647,98],{"class":97},[43,79649,101],{"class":53},[43,79651,154],{"class":104},[43,79653,108],{"class":53},[43,79655,276],{"class":264},[43,79657,79658],{"class":268},"two",[43,79660,265],{"class":264},[43,79662,108],{"class":53},[43,79664,1530],{"class":104},[43,79666,68],{"class":53},[43,79668,79669,79671,79673,79675],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79670,8427],{"class":49},[43,79672,79],{"class":53},[43,79674,35428],{"class":148},[43,79676,9262],{"class":53},[14,79678,3611,79679,79681],{},[18,79680,3614],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1499,79683,1849,79685,79687],{"id":79684},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79686,64937],{}," only works on lists",[14,79689,79690,79692],{},[18,79691,64937],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79694,1970],{},[34,79696,79698],{"className":36,"code":79697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79699,79700,79712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79701,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79703,35316],{"class":49},[43,79705,98],{"class":97},[43,79707,276],{"class":264},[43,79709,38],{"class":268},[43,79711,3969],{"class":264},[43,79713,79714,79716,79718,79720],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79715,35337],{"class":49},[43,79717,79],{"class":53},[43,79719,35428],{"class":148},[43,79721,9262],{"class":53},[14,79723,79724,79725,34228],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79726,64937],{},[14,79728,79729],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[34,79731,79733],{"className":36,"code":79732,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79734,79735,79753,79763,79767],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79736,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79738,257],{"class":49},[43,79740,98],{"class":97},[43,79742,23182],{"class":3510},[43,79744,145],{"class":53},[43,79746,265],{"class":264},[43,79748,38],{"class":268},[43,79750,265],{"class":264},[43,79752,346],{"class":53},[43,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79756,1079],{"class":49},[43,79758,79],{"class":53},[43,79760,35428],{"class":148},[43,79762,9262],{"class":53},[43,79764,79765],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79766,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79768,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79770,142],{"class":141},[43,79772,145],{"class":53},[43,79774,1079],{"class":148},[43,79776,346],{"class":53},[14,79778,349],{},[34,79780,79782],{"className":36,"code":79781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79783,79784],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79785,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79787,54],{"class":53},[43,79789,361],{"class":264},[43,79791,61065],{"class":268},[43,79793,361],{"class":264},[43,79795,108],{"class":53},[43,79797,370],{"class":264},[43,79799,703],{"class":268},[43,79801,361],{"class":264},[43,79803,108],{"class":53},[43,79805,370],{"class":264},[43,79807,61099],{"class":268},[43,79809,361],{"class":264},[43,79811,108],{"class":53},[43,79813,370],{"class":264},[43,79815,14],{"class":268},[43,79817,361],{"class":264},[43,79819,108],{"class":53},[43,79821,370],{"class":264},[43,79823,63912],{"class":268},[43,79825,361],{"class":264},[43,79827,108],{"class":53},[43,79829,370],{"class":264},[43,79831,12368],{"class":268},[43,79833,361],{"class":264},[43,79835,68],{"class":53},[1499,79837,79839,79840,79842],{"id":79838},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79841,15466],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79844,79845,79846,79],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79847,15466],{},[14,79849,79850,79851,79853],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79852,64937],{}," will not do that:",[34,79855,79857],{"className":36,"code":79856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79858,79859,79891,79909,79913],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79860,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79862,4685],{"class":49},[43,79864,98],{"class":97},[43,79866,101],{"class":53},[43,79868,265],{"class":264},[43,79870,4703],{"class":268},[43,79872,265],{"class":264},[43,79874,108],{"class":53},[43,79876,276],{"class":264},[43,79878,38985],{"class":268},[43,79880,265],{"class":264},[43,79882,108],{"class":53},[43,79884,276],{"class":264},[43,79886,4694],{"class":268},[43,79888,265],{"class":264},[43,79890,68],{"class":53},[43,79892,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79894,4729],{"class":49},[43,79896,79],{"class":53},[43,79898,35428],{"class":148},[43,79900,145],{"class":53},[43,79902,15466],{"class":9794},[43,79904,98],{"class":97},[43,79906,2370],{"class":141},[43,79908,346],{"class":53},[43,79910,79911],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79912,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79914,79915,79917,79919,79921],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79916,142],{"class":141},[43,79918,145],{"class":53},[43,79920,4729],{"class":148},[43,79922,346],{"class":53},[1499,79924,79926],{"id":79925},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79928,79929],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[34,79931,79933],{"className":36,"code":79932,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79934,79935,79969,79979,79983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79936,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79965,79967],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79938,4685],{"class":49},[43,79940,98],{"class":97},[43,79942,101],{"class":53},[43,79944,265],{"class":264},[43,79946,79947],{"class":268},"zebra",[43,79949,265],{"class":264},[43,79951,108],{"class":53},[43,79953,276],{"class":264},[43,79955,58394],{"class":268},[43,79957,265],{"class":264},[43,79959,108],{"class":53},[43,79961,276],{"class":264},[43,79963,79964],{"class":268},"monkey",[43,79966,265],{"class":264},[43,79968,68],{"class":53},[43,79970,79971,79973,79975,79977],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,79972,4729],{"class":49},[43,79974,79],{"class":53},[43,79976,35428],{"class":148},[43,79978,9262],{"class":53},[43,79980,79981],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,79982,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,79984,79985,79987,79989,79991],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,79986,142],{"class":141},[43,79988,145],{"class":53},[43,79990,4729],{"class":148},[43,79992,346],{"class":53},[14,79994,349],{},[34,79996,79998],{"className":36,"code":79997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79999,80000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80001,80002,80004,80006,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80003,54],{"class":53},[43,80005,361],{"class":264},[43,80007,58394],{"class":268},[43,80009,361],{"class":264},[43,80011,108],{"class":53},[43,80013,370],{"class":264},[43,80015,79964],{"class":268},[43,80017,361],{"class":264},[43,80019,108],{"class":53},[43,80021,370],{"class":264},[43,80023,79947],{"class":268},[43,80025,361],{"class":264},[43,80027,68],{"class":53},[14,80029,230,80030,80032],{},[18,80031,78972],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1499,80034,61335],{"id":61334},[14,80036,80037],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[34,80039,80041],{"className":36,"code":80040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,80042,80043,80053,80067,80081,80095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80044,80045,80047,80049,80051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80046,142],{"class":141},[43,80048,145],{"class":53},[43,80050,50],{"class":148},[43,80052,346],{"class":53},[43,80054,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,80056,142],{"class":141},[43,80058,145],{"class":53},[43,80060,3832],{"class":3510},[43,80062,145],{"class":53},[43,80064,50],{"class":148},[43,80066,2377],{"class":53},[43,80068,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,80070,142],{"class":141},[43,80072,145],{"class":53},[43,80074,50],{"class":148},[43,80076,79],{"class":53},[43,80078,35428],{"class":148},[43,80080,7811],{"class":53},[43,80082,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,80084,142],{"class":141},[43,80086,145],{"class":53},[43,80088,75131],{"class":141},[43,80090,145],{"class":53},[43,80092,50],{"class":148},[43,80094,2377],{"class":53},[43,80096,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,80098,142],{"class":141},[43,80100,3595],{"class":53},[43,80102,3832],{"class":3510},[43,80104,145],{"class":53},[43,80106,23933],{"class":148},[43,80108,4272],{"class":53},[43,80110,4492],{"class":4491},[43,80112,6577],{"class":148},[43,80114,4498],{"class":4491},[43,80116,9014],{"class":148},[43,80118,1547],{"class":53},[14,80120,11791],{},[389,80122,80123,80126,80129,80136,80142],{},[392,80124,80125],{},"What values are in the list",[392,80127,80128],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[392,80130,80131,80132,3004,80134],{},"That ",[18,80133,64937],{},[18,80135,4391],{},[392,80137,80138,80139,80141],{},"Whether ",[18,80140,75041],{}," works better for your case",[392,80143,80144],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,80146,80147,80148,80150],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,80149,3614],{}," problems.",[81,80152,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,80154,13328,80156,56097],{"id":80155},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,80157,78254],{},[14,80159,63228,80160,79],{},[18,80161,4391],{},[1499,80163,5794,80165,1233,80167,2490],{"id":80164},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,80166,64937],{},[18,80168,75041],{},[14,80170,80171,80173,80174,80176],{},[18,80172,64937],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,80175,75041],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1499,80178,80180],{"id":80179},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,80182,19317],{},[34,80184,80186],{"className":36,"code":80185,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,80187,80188],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80191,50],{"class":49},[43,80193,79],{"class":53},[43,80195,35428],{"class":148},[43,80197,145],{"class":53},[43,80199,74195],{"class":9794},[43,80201,98],{"class":97},[43,80203,4216],{"class":4466},[43,80205,346],{"class":53},[1499,80207,80209],{"id":80208},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,80211,19317],{},[34,80213,80215],{"className":36,"code":80214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,80216,80217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80218,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80220,50],{"class":49},[43,80222,79],{"class":53},[43,80224,35428],{"class":148},[43,80226,145],{"class":53},[43,80228,15466],{"class":9794},[43,80230,98],{"class":97},[43,80232,4054],{"class":3510},[43,80234,79],{"class":53},[43,80236,9259],{"class":25373},[43,80238,346],{"class":53},[14,80240,80241],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1499,80243,80245,80246,80248],{"id":80244},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,80247,3614],{}," when sorting?",[14,80250,80251],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[81,80253,2497],{"id":2496},[389,80255,80256,80261,80267,80271],{},[392,80257,80258],{},[269,80259,80260],{"href":78763},"How to sort a list in Python",[392,80262,80263],{},[269,80264,4187,80265,6399],{"href":75138},[18,80266,75041],{},[392,80268,80269],{},[269,80270,67701],{"href":418},[392,80272,80273],{},[269,80274,79513],{"href":79512},[2536,80276,80277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":80279},[80280,80281,80283,80284,80285,80286,80288,80290,80301,80311],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":78320,"depth":131,"text":80282},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":78575,"depth":131,"text":78576},{"id":78767,"depth":131,"text":78768},{"id":79089,"depth":131,"text":80287},"Using the key argument",{"id":79354,"depth":131,"text":80289},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":80291},[80292,80294,80295,80297,80299,80300],{"id":79523,"depth":138,"text":80293},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79632,"depth":138,"text":79633},{"id":79684,"depth":138,"text":80296},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79838,"depth":138,"text":80298},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79925,"depth":138,"text":79926},{"id":61334,"depth":138,"text":61335},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":80302},[80303,80305,80307,80308,80309],{"id":80155,"depth":138,"text":80304},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80164,"depth":138,"text":80306},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80179,"depth":138,"text":80180},{"id":80208,"depth":138,"text":80209},{"id":80244,"depth":138,"text":80310},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78242,"description":80312},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80319,"title":80320,"body":80321,"description":82952,"extension":2572,"meta":82953,"navigation":134,"path":82954,"seo":82955,"stem":82956,"__hash__":82957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80322,"toc":82911},[80323,80328,80333,80336,80347,80350,80370,80372,80434,80436,80477,80486,80491,80496,80502,80513,80515,80534,80537,80542,80547,80549,80554,80568,80570,80588,80591,80608,80611,80617,80640,80645,80647,80650,80711,80713,80746,80748,80787,80795,80805,80811,80816,80909,80911,80935,80937,80955,80958,80989,80995,81000,81003,81005,81130,81132,81156,81158,81177,81183,81189,81308,81310,81327,81334,81340,81345,81352,81358,81360,81417,81420,81441,81444,81447,81508,81510,81543,81547,81617,81619,81636,81640,81643,81718,81720,81757,81760,81763,81834,81836,81897,81902,81907,81910,81924,81926,81999,82001,82021,82024,82027,82084,82146,82149,82181,82184,82199,82204,82206,82212,82215,82271,82274,82276,82295,82299,82301,82345,82354,82356,82416,82420,82423,82425,82518,82520,82635,82639,82641,82715,82718,82721,82723,82728,82793,82795,82819,82829,82831,82837,82846,82855,82864,82870,82873,82877,82880,82882,82908],[10,80324,4187,80326,4191],{"id":80325},"python-map-function-explained",[18,80327,40344],{},[14,80329,4194,80330,80332],{},[18,80331,40344],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80334,80335],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[389,80337,80338,80341,80344],{},[392,80339,80340],{},"converting numbers to strings",[392,80342,80343],{},"changing strings to integers",[392,80345,80346],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80348,80349],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[389,80351,80352,80359,80365],{},[392,80353,80354,14678,80356,80358],{},[18,80355,40344],{},[76,80357,1957],{}," return a list in Python 3",[392,80360,80361,80362],{},"it returns a ",[76,80363,80364],{},"map object",[392,80366,80367,80368],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,80369,25404],{},[81,80371,84],{"id":83},[34,80373,80375],{"className":36,"code":80374,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80376,80377,80401,80420],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80378,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80380,94],{"class":49},[43,80382,98],{"class":97},[43,80384,101],{"class":53},[43,80386,154],{"class":104},[43,80388,108],{"class":53},[43,80390,1525],{"class":104},[43,80392,108],{"class":53},[43,80394,1530],{"class":104},[43,80396,108],{"class":53},[43,80398,3064],{"class":104},[43,80400,68],{"class":53},[43,80402,80403,80405,80407,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,80404,2836],{"class":49},[43,80406,98],{"class":97},[43,80408,80409],{"class":141}," map",[43,80411,145],{"class":53},[43,80413,4054],{"class":3510},[43,80415,108],{"class":53},[43,80417,2071],{"class":148},[43,80419,346],{"class":53},[43,80421,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,80423,142],{"class":141},[43,80425,145],{"class":53},[43,80427,8712],{"class":3510},[43,80429,145],{"class":53},[43,80431,2871],{"class":148},[43,80433,2377],{"class":53},[14,80435,349],{},[34,80437,80439],{"className":36,"code":80438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80440,80441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80442,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80444,54],{"class":53},[43,80446,361],{"class":264},[43,80448,154],{"class":268},[43,80450,361],{"class":264},[43,80452,108],{"class":53},[43,80454,370],{"class":264},[43,80456,201],{"class":268},[43,80458,361],{"class":264},[43,80460,108],{"class":53},[43,80462,370],{"class":264},[43,80464,181],{"class":268},[43,80466,361],{"class":264},[43,80468,108],{"class":53},[43,80470,370],{"class":264},[43,80472,159],{"class":268},[43,80474,361],{"class":264},[43,80476,68],{"class":53},[14,80478,230,80479,80482,80483,80485],{},[18,80480,80481],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80484,25404],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[81,80487,4289,80489,4292],{"id":80488},"what-map-does",[18,80490,40344],{},[14,80492,80493,80495],{},[18,80494,40344],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80497,80498,80499,80501],{},"An ",[76,80500,4333],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[389,80503,80504,80506,80508,80510],{},[392,80505,38529],{},[392,80507,38532],{},[392,80509,38535],{},[392,80511,80512],{},"a range object",[14,80514,31351],{},[34,80516,80518],{"className":36,"code":80517,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80519,80520],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80521,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80523,40487],{"class":141},[43,80525,145],{"class":53},[43,80527,38488],{"class":148},[43,80529,108],{"class":53},[43,80531,38493],{"class":148},[43,80533,346],{"class":53},[14,80535,80536],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80538,80539,80540,34369],{},"Important: the result is a ",[76,80541,80364],{},[14,80543,80544,80545,79],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[269,80546,5751],{"href":5750},[81,80548,2763],{"id":2762},[14,80550,80551,80553],{},[18,80552,40344],{}," needs at least two parts:",[389,80555,80556,80562],{},[392,80557,80558,80561],{},[76,80559,80560],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[392,80563,80564,80567],{},[76,80565,80566],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80569,4318],{},[34,80571,80572],{"className":36,"code":80517,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,80573,80574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80575,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80577,40487],{"class":141},[43,80579,145],{"class":53},[43,80581,38488],{"class":148},[43,80583,108],{"class":53},[43,80585,38493],{"class":148},[43,80587,346],{"class":53},[14,80589,80590],{},"You can pass:",[389,80592,80593,80602,80605],{},[392,80594,80595,80596,21,80598,2799,80600],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80597,4054],{},[18,80599,2795],{},[18,80601,2625],{},[392,80603,80604],{},"your own custom function",[392,80606,80607],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80609,80610],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80612,80613,80614,80616],{},"You will often see ",[18,80615,40344],{}," used like this:",[34,80618,80620],{"className":36,"code":80619,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80621,80622],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80625,8712],{"class":3510},[43,80627,145],{"class":53},[43,80629,40487],{"class":141},[43,80631,145],{"class":53},[43,80633,38488],{"class":148},[43,80635,108],{"class":53},[43,80637,4501],{"class":148},[43,80639,2377],{"class":53},[14,80641,7293,80642,80644],{},[18,80643,25404],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[81,80646,12097],{"id":12096},[14,80648,80649],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[34,80651,80653],{"className":36,"code":80652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80654,80655,80675,80693,80697],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80656,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80658,94],{"class":49},[43,80660,98],{"class":97},[43,80662,101],{"class":53},[43,80664,105],{"class":104},[43,80666,108],{"class":53},[43,80668,111],{"class":104},[43,80670,108],{"class":53},[43,80672,116],{"class":104},[43,80674,68],{"class":53},[43,80676,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,80678,2836],{"class":49},[43,80680,98],{"class":97},[43,80682,80409],{"class":141},[43,80684,145],{"class":53},[43,80686,4054],{"class":3510},[43,80688,108],{"class":53},[43,80690,2071],{"class":148},[43,80692,346],{"class":53},[43,80694,80695],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,80696,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,80698,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,80700,142],{"class":141},[43,80702,145],{"class":53},[43,80704,8712],{"class":3510},[43,80706,145],{"class":53},[43,80708,2871],{"class":148},[43,80710,2377],{"class":53},[14,80712,349],{},[34,80714,80716],{"className":36,"code":80715,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80717,80718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80719,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80721,54],{"class":53},[43,80723,361],{"class":264},[43,80725,105],{"class":268},[43,80727,361],{"class":264},[43,80729,108],{"class":53},[43,80731,370],{"class":264},[43,80733,618],{"class":268},[43,80735,361],{"class":264},[43,80737,108],{"class":53},[43,80739,370],{"class":264},[43,80741,651],{"class":268},[43,80743,361],{"class":264},[43,80745,68],{"class":53},[14,80747,12306],{},[389,80749,80750,80755,80763,80771,80779],{},[392,80751,80752,80754],{},[18,80753,149],{}," contains integers",[392,80756,80757,80760,80761],{},[18,80758,80759],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80762,48311],{},[392,80764,80765,42781,80768],{},[18,80766,80767],{},"str(10)",[18,80769,80770],{},"'10'",[392,80772,80773,42781,80776],{},[18,80774,80775],{},"str(20)",[18,80777,80778],{},"'20'",[392,80780,80781,42781,80784],{},[18,80782,80783],{},"str(30)",[18,80785,80786],{},"'30'",[14,80788,54281,80789,80791,80792,80794],{},[18,80790,40344],{}," applies ",[18,80793,48311],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80796,80797,80798,80800,80801,79],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80799,25404],{}," better, see ",[269,80802,4187,80803,4120],{"href":65473},[18,80804,25404],{},[81,80806,2445,80808,80810],{"id":80807},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80809,40344],{}," with your own function",[14,80812,16337,80813,80815],{},[18,80814,40344],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[34,80817,80819],{"className":36,"code":80818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80820,80821,80834,80844,80848,80872,80891,80895],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80822,80823,80825,80828,80830,80832],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80824,35480],{"class":2671},[43,80826,80827],{"class":35483}," double",[43,80829,145],{"class":53},[43,80831,2780],{"class":38290},[43,80833,8960],{"class":53},[43,80835,80836,80838,80840,80842],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,80837,35491],{"class":4491},[43,80839,4495],{"class":49},[43,80841,40500],{"class":97},[43,80843,46216],{"class":104},[43,80845,80846],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,80847,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,80849,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,80851,94],{"class":49},[43,80853,98],{"class":97},[43,80855,101],{"class":53},[43,80857,154],{"class":104},[43,80859,108],{"class":53},[43,80861,1525],{"class":104},[43,80863,108],{"class":53},[43,80865,1530],{"class":104},[43,80867,108],{"class":53},[43,80869,3064],{"class":104},[43,80871,68],{"class":53},[43,80873,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80885,80887,80889],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,80875,2836],{"class":49},[43,80877,98],{"class":97},[43,80879,80409],{"class":141},[43,80881,145],{"class":53},[43,80883,80884],{"class":148},"double",[43,80886,108],{"class":53},[43,80888,2071],{"class":148},[43,80890,346],{"class":53},[43,80892,80893],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,80894,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,80896,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,80898,142],{"class":141},[43,80900,145],{"class":53},[43,80902,8712],{"class":3510},[43,80904,145],{"class":53},[43,80906,2871],{"class":148},[43,80908,2377],{"class":53},[14,80910,349],{},[34,80912,80913],{"className":36,"code":40513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,80914,80915],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80916,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80918,54],{"class":53},[43,80920,201],{"class":104},[43,80922,108],{"class":53},[43,80924,3064],{"class":104},[43,80926,108],{"class":53},[43,80928,38271],{"class":104},[43,80930,108],{"class":53},[43,80932,6975],{"class":104},[43,80934,68],{"class":53},[14,80936,66208],{},[389,80938,80939,80946,80952],{},[392,80940,80941,80943,80944],{},[18,80942,40344],{}," takes the function ",[18,80945,80884],{},[392,80947,80948,80949,80951],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80950,149],{}," into that function",[392,80953,80954],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80956,80957],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[389,80959,80960,80967,80974,80982],{},[392,80961,80962,6687,80965],{},[18,80963,80964],{},"double(1)",[18,80966,201],{},[392,80968,80969,6687,80972],{},[18,80970,80971],{},"double(2)",[18,80973,159],{},[392,80975,80976,6687,80979],{},[18,80977,80978],{},"double(3)",[18,80980,80981],{},"6",[392,80983,80984,6687,80987],{},[18,80985,80986],{},"double(4)",[18,80988,2952],{},[81,80990,2445,80992,80994],{"id":80991},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80993,40344],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80996,80997,80999],{},[18,80998,40344],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,81001,81002],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,81004,494],{},[34,81006,81008],{"className":36,"code":81007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81009,81010,81027,81037,81041,81062,81083,81087,81112,81116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81011,81012,81014,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81013,35480],{"class":2671},[43,81015,81016],{"class":35483}," add_numbers",[43,81018,145],{"class":53},[43,81020,269],{"class":38290},[43,81022,108],{"class":53},[43,81024,3166],{"class":38290},[43,81026,8960],{"class":53},[43,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81030,35491],{"class":4491},[43,81032,45171],{"class":49},[43,81034,2666],{"class":97},[43,81036,36810],{"class":49},[43,81038,81039],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81040,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81042,81043,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81044,81045],{"class":49},"list1 ",[43,81047,98],{"class":97},[43,81049,101],{"class":53},[43,81051,154],{"class":104},[43,81053,108],{"class":53},[43,81055,1525],{"class":104},[43,81057,108],{"class":53},[43,81059,1530],{"class":104},[43,81061,68],{"class":53},[43,81063,81064,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,81065,81066],{"class":49},"list2 ",[43,81068,98],{"class":97},[43,81070,101],{"class":53},[43,81072,105],{"class":104},[43,81074,108],{"class":53},[43,81076,111],{"class":104},[43,81078,108],{"class":53},[43,81080,116],{"class":104},[43,81082,68],{"class":53},[43,81084,81085],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,81086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81088,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81100,81102,81105,81107,81110],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,81090,2836],{"class":49},[43,81092,98],{"class":97},[43,81094,80409],{"class":141},[43,81096,145],{"class":53},[43,81098,81099],{"class":148},"add_numbers",[43,81101,108],{"class":53},[43,81103,81104],{"class":148}," list1",[43,81106,108],{"class":53},[43,81108,81109],{"class":148}," list2",[43,81111,346],{"class":53},[43,81113,81114],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,81115,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81117,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,81119,142],{"class":141},[43,81121,145],{"class":53},[43,81123,8712],{"class":3510},[43,81125,145],{"class":53},[43,81127,2871],{"class":148},[43,81129,2377],{"class":53},[14,81131,349],{},[34,81133,81135],{"className":36,"code":81134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,81136,81137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81138,81139,81141,81144,81146,81149,81151,81154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81140,54],{"class":53},[43,81142,81143],{"class":104},"11",[43,81145,108],{"class":53},[43,81147,81148],{"class":104}," 22",[43,81150,108],{"class":53},[43,81152,81153],{"class":104}," 33",[43,81155,68],{"class":53},[14,81157,2785],{},[389,81159,81160,81166,81172],{},[392,81161,81162,81163],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,81164,81165],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[392,81167,81168,81169],{},"then ",[18,81170,81171],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[392,81173,81168,81174],{},[18,81175,81176],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1499,81178,81180,81182],{"id":81179},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,81181,40344],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,81184,81185,81186,81188],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,81187,40344],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[34,81190,81192],{"className":36,"code":81191,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81193,81194,81210,81220,81224,81248,81264,81268,81290,81294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81195,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81197,35480],{"class":2671},[43,81199,81016],{"class":35483},[43,81201,145],{"class":53},[43,81203,269],{"class":38290},[43,81205,108],{"class":53},[43,81207,3166],{"class":38290},[43,81209,8960],{"class":53},[43,81211,81212,81214,81216,81218],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81213,35491],{"class":4491},[43,81215,45171],{"class":49},[43,81217,2666],{"class":97},[43,81219,36810],{"class":49},[43,81221,81222],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81223,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81225,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81227,81045],{"class":49},[43,81229,98],{"class":97},[43,81231,101],{"class":53},[43,81233,154],{"class":104},[43,81235,108],{"class":53},[43,81237,1525],{"class":104},[43,81239,108],{"class":53},[43,81241,1530],{"class":104},[43,81243,108],{"class":53},[43,81245,3064],{"class":104},[43,81247,68],{"class":53},[43,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,81251,81066],{"class":49},[43,81253,98],{"class":97},[43,81255,101],{"class":53},[43,81257,105],{"class":104},[43,81259,108],{"class":53},[43,81261,111],{"class":104},[43,81263,68],{"class":53},[43,81265,81266],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,81267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,81271,2836],{"class":49},[43,81273,98],{"class":97},[43,81275,80409],{"class":141},[43,81277,145],{"class":53},[43,81279,81099],{"class":148},[43,81281,108],{"class":53},[43,81283,81104],{"class":148},[43,81285,108],{"class":53},[43,81287,81109],{"class":148},[43,81289,346],{"class":53},[43,81291,81292],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,81293,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81295,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,81297,142],{"class":141},[43,81299,145],{"class":53},[43,81301,8712],{"class":3510},[43,81303,145],{"class":53},[43,81305,2871],{"class":148},[43,81307,2377],{"class":53},[14,81309,349],{},[34,81311,81313],{"className":36,"code":81312,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[11, 22]\n",[18,81314,81315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81316,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81318,54],{"class":53},[43,81320,81143],{"class":104},[43,81322,108],{"class":53},[43,81324,81148],{"class":104},[43,81326,68],{"class":53},[14,81328,81329,81330,81333],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,81331,81332],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[81,81335,81337,81339],{"id":81336},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,81338,40344],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81341,38651,81342,81344],{},[18,81343,40344],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81346,81347,81348,81351],{},"This object is ",[76,81349,81350],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1499,81353,3096,81355,81357],{"id":81354},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,81356,33654],{}," looks strange",[14,81359,34270],{},[34,81361,81363],{"className":36,"code":81362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,81364,81365,81385,81403,81407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81366,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81368,94],{"class":49},[43,81370,98],{"class":97},[43,81372,101],{"class":53},[43,81374,154],{"class":104},[43,81376,108],{"class":53},[43,81378,1525],{"class":104},[43,81380,108],{"class":53},[43,81382,1530],{"class":104},[43,81384,68],{"class":53},[43,81386,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81388,2836],{"class":49},[43,81390,98],{"class":97},[43,81392,80409],{"class":141},[43,81394,145],{"class":53},[43,81396,4054],{"class":3510},[43,81398,108],{"class":53},[43,81400,2071],{"class":148},[43,81402,346],{"class":53},[43,81404,81405],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81406,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81408,81409,81411,81413,81415],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81410,142],{"class":141},[43,81412,145],{"class":53},[43,81414,2871],{"class":148},[43,81416,346],{"class":53},[14,81418,81419],{},"Output will look something like this:",[34,81421,81423],{"className":36,"code":81422,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,81424,81425],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81428,3901],{"class":97},[43,81430,40487],{"class":141},[43,81432,25240],{"class":3510},[43,81434,37991],{"class":49},[43,81436,37995],{"class":37994},[43,81438,37998],{"class":35081},[43,81440,3913],{"class":97},[14,81442,81443],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81445,81446],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[34,81448,81450],{"className":36,"code":81449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81451,81452,81472,81490,81494],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81453,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81455,94],{"class":49},[43,81457,98],{"class":97},[43,81459,101],{"class":53},[43,81461,154],{"class":104},[43,81463,108],{"class":53},[43,81465,1525],{"class":104},[43,81467,108],{"class":53},[43,81469,1530],{"class":104},[43,81471,68],{"class":53},[43,81473,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81475,2836],{"class":49},[43,81477,98],{"class":97},[43,81479,80409],{"class":141},[43,81481,145],{"class":53},[43,81483,4054],{"class":3510},[43,81485,108],{"class":53},[43,81487,2071],{"class":148},[43,81489,346],{"class":53},[43,81491,81492],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81493,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81495,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81497,142],{"class":141},[43,81499,145],{"class":53},[43,81501,8712],{"class":3510},[43,81503,145],{"class":53},[43,81505,2871],{"class":148},[43,81507,2377],{"class":53},[14,81509,349],{},[34,81511,81513],{"className":36,"code":81512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81514,81515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81516,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81518,54],{"class":53},[43,81520,361],{"class":264},[43,81522,154],{"class":268},[43,81524,361],{"class":264},[43,81526,108],{"class":53},[43,81528,370],{"class":264},[43,81530,201],{"class":268},[43,81532,361],{"class":264},[43,81534,108],{"class":53},[43,81536,370],{"class":264},[43,81538,181],{"class":268},[43,81540,361],{"class":264},[43,81542,68],{"class":53},[1499,81544,81546],{"id":81545},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[34,81548,81550],{"className":36,"code":81549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81551,81552,81572,81590,81594,81607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81553,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81555,94],{"class":49},[43,81557,98],{"class":97},[43,81559,101],{"class":53},[43,81561,154],{"class":104},[43,81563,108],{"class":53},[43,81565,1525],{"class":104},[43,81567,108],{"class":53},[43,81569,1530],{"class":104},[43,81571,68],{"class":53},[43,81573,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81575,2836],{"class":49},[43,81577,98],{"class":97},[43,81579,80409],{"class":141},[43,81581,145],{"class":53},[43,81583,4054],{"class":3510},[43,81585,108],{"class":53},[43,81587,2071],{"class":148},[43,81589,346],{"class":53},[43,81591,81592],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81593,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81595,81596,81598,81600,81602,81605],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81597,6574],{"class":4491},[43,81599,6577],{"class":49},[43,81601,4498],{"class":4491},[43,81603,81604],{"class":49}," result",[43,81606,7009],{"class":53},[43,81608,81609,81611,81613,81615],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,81610,8687],{"class":141},[43,81612,145],{"class":53},[43,81614,23933],{"class":148},[43,81616,346],{"class":53},[14,81618,349],{},[34,81620,81622],{"className":36,"code":81621,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81623,81624,81628,81632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81625,81626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81627,47544],{"class":104},[43,81629,81630],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81631,17678],{"class":104},[43,81633,81634],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81635,47244],{"class":104},[1499,81637,81639],{"id":81638},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81641,81642],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[34,81644,81646],{"className":36,"code":81645,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81647,81648,81668,81686,81690,81704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81649,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81651,94],{"class":49},[43,81653,98],{"class":97},[43,81655,101],{"class":53},[43,81657,154],{"class":104},[43,81659,108],{"class":53},[43,81661,1525],{"class":104},[43,81663,108],{"class":53},[43,81665,1530],{"class":104},[43,81667,68],{"class":53},[43,81669,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81671,2836],{"class":49},[43,81673,98],{"class":97},[43,81675,80409],{"class":141},[43,81677,145],{"class":53},[43,81679,4054],{"class":3510},[43,81681,108],{"class":53},[43,81683,2071],{"class":148},[43,81685,346],{"class":53},[43,81687,81688],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81689,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81693,142],{"class":141},[43,81695,145],{"class":53},[43,81697,8712],{"class":3510},[43,81699,145],{"class":53},[43,81701,2871],{"class":148},[43,81703,2377],{"class":53},[43,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,81707,142],{"class":141},[43,81709,145],{"class":53},[43,81711,8712],{"class":3510},[43,81713,145],{"class":53},[43,81715,2871],{"class":148},[43,81717,2377],{"class":53},[14,81719,349],{},[34,81721,81723],{"className":36,"code":81722,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81724,81725,81753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81726,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81728,54],{"class":53},[43,81730,361],{"class":264},[43,81732,154],{"class":268},[43,81734,361],{"class":264},[43,81736,108],{"class":53},[43,81738,370],{"class":264},[43,81740,201],{"class":268},[43,81742,361],{"class":264},[43,81744,108],{"class":53},[43,81746,370],{"class":264},[43,81748,181],{"class":268},[43,81750,361],{"class":264},[43,81752,68],{"class":53},[43,81754,81755],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81756,1778],{"class":53},[14,81758,81759],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81761,81762],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[34,81764,81766],{"className":36,"code":81765,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81767,81768,81788,81810,81814,81824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81769,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81771,94],{"class":49},[43,81773,98],{"class":97},[43,81775,101],{"class":53},[43,81777,154],{"class":104},[43,81779,108],{"class":53},[43,81781,1525],{"class":104},[43,81783,108],{"class":53},[43,81785,1530],{"class":104},[43,81787,68],{"class":53},[43,81789,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81791,2836],{"class":49},[43,81793,98],{"class":97},[43,81795,23182],{"class":3510},[43,81797,145],{"class":53},[43,81799,40487],{"class":141},[43,81801,145],{"class":53},[43,81803,4054],{"class":3510},[43,81805,108],{"class":53},[43,81807,2071],{"class":148},[43,81809,2377],{"class":53},[43,81811,81812],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81813,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81815,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81817,142],{"class":141},[43,81819,145],{"class":53},[43,81821,2871],{"class":148},[43,81823,346],{"class":53},[43,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,81827,142],{"class":141},[43,81829,145],{"class":53},[43,81831,2871],{"class":148},[43,81833,346],{"class":53},[14,81835,349],{},[34,81837,81839],{"className":36,"code":81838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81840,81841,81869],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81842,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81844,54],{"class":53},[43,81846,361],{"class":264},[43,81848,154],{"class":268},[43,81850,361],{"class":264},[43,81852,108],{"class":53},[43,81854,370],{"class":264},[43,81856,201],{"class":268},[43,81858,361],{"class":264},[43,81860,108],{"class":53},[43,81862,370],{"class":264},[43,81864,181],{"class":268},[43,81866,361],{"class":264},[43,81868,68],{"class":53},[43,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81872,54],{"class":53},[43,81874,361],{"class":264},[43,81876,154],{"class":268},[43,81878,361],{"class":264},[43,81880,108],{"class":53},[43,81882,370],{"class":264},[43,81884,201],{"class":268},[43,81886,361],{"class":264},[43,81888,108],{"class":53},[43,81890,370],{"class":264},[43,81892,181],{"class":268},[43,81894,361],{"class":264},[43,81896,68],{"class":53},[81,81898,5576,81900],{"id":81899},"when-to-use-map",[18,81901,40344],{},[14,81903,81904,81906],{},[18,81905,40344],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81908,81909],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[389,81911,81912,81916,81920],{},[392,81913,81914],{},[18,81915,4054],{},[392,81917,81918],{},[18,81919,2795],{},[392,81921,81922],{},[18,81923,2625],{},[14,81925,494],{},[34,81927,81929],{"className":36,"code":81928,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81930,81931,81963,81985,81989],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81932,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81934,4436],{"class":49},[43,81936,98],{"class":97},[43,81938,101],{"class":53},[43,81940,361],{"class":264},[43,81942,154],{"class":268},[43,81944,361],{"class":264},[43,81946,108],{"class":53},[43,81948,370],{"class":264},[43,81950,201],{"class":268},[43,81952,361],{"class":264},[43,81954,108],{"class":53},[43,81956,370],{"class":264},[43,81958,181],{"class":268},[43,81960,361],{"class":264},[43,81962,68],{"class":53},[43,81964,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,81966,94],{"class":49},[43,81968,98],{"class":97},[43,81970,23182],{"class":3510},[43,81972,145],{"class":53},[43,81974,40487],{"class":141},[43,81976,145],{"class":53},[43,81978,2795],{"class":3510},[43,81980,108],{"class":53},[43,81982,4501],{"class":148},[43,81984,2377],{"class":53},[43,81986,81987],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,81988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,81990,81991,81993,81995,81997],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,81992,142],{"class":141},[43,81994,145],{"class":53},[43,81996,149],{"class":148},[43,81998,346],{"class":53},[14,82000,349],{},[34,82002,82003],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82004,82005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82006,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82008,54],{"class":53},[43,82010,154],{"class":104},[43,82012,108],{"class":53},[43,82014,1525],{"class":104},[43,82016,108],{"class":53},[43,82018,1530],{"class":104},[43,82020,68],{"class":53},[14,82022,82023],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,82025,82026],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[34,82028,82030],{"className":36,"code":82029,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,82031,82032,82052,82074],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82033,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82035,94],{"class":49},[43,82037,98],{"class":97},[43,82039,101],{"class":53},[43,82041,154],{"class":104},[43,82043,108],{"class":53},[43,82045,1525],{"class":104},[43,82047,108],{"class":53},[43,82049,1530],{"class":104},[43,82051,68],{"class":53},[43,82053,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82055,2836],{"class":49},[43,82057,98],{"class":97},[43,82059,23182],{"class":3510},[43,82061,145],{"class":53},[43,82063,40487],{"class":141},[43,82065,145],{"class":53},[43,82067,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82069,108],{"class":53},[43,82071,2071],{"class":148},[43,82073,2377],{"class":53},[43,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82077,142],{"class":141},[43,82079,145],{"class":53},[43,82081,2871],{"class":148},[43,82083,346],{"class":53},[34,82085,82087],{"className":36,"code":82086,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,82088,82089,82109,82136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82090,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82092,94],{"class":49},[43,82094,98],{"class":97},[43,82096,101],{"class":53},[43,82098,154],{"class":104},[43,82100,108],{"class":53},[43,82102,1525],{"class":104},[43,82104,108],{"class":53},[43,82106,1530],{"class":104},[43,82108,68],{"class":53},[43,82110,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82130,82132,82134],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82112,2836],{"class":49},[43,82114,98],{"class":97},[43,82116,101],{"class":53},[43,82118,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82120,145],{"class":53},[43,82122,703],{"class":148},[43,82124,4272],{"class":53},[43,82126,4492],{"class":4491},[43,82128,82129],{"class":49}," n ",[43,82131,4498],{"class":4491},[43,82133,2071],{"class":49},[43,82135,68],{"class":53},[43,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82139,142],{"class":141},[43,82141,145],{"class":53},[43,82143,2871],{"class":148},[43,82145,346],{"class":53},[14,82147,82148],{},"Both produce:",[34,82150,82151],{"className":36,"code":81512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82152,82153],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82156,54],{"class":53},[43,82158,361],{"class":264},[43,82160,154],{"class":268},[43,82162,361],{"class":264},[43,82164,108],{"class":53},[43,82166,370],{"class":264},[43,82168,201],{"class":268},[43,82170,361],{"class":264},[43,82172,108],{"class":53},[43,82174,370],{"class":264},[43,82176,181],{"class":268},[43,82178,361],{"class":264},[43,82180,68],{"class":53},[14,82182,82183],{},"A simple rule:",[389,82185,82186,82191,82196],{},[392,82187,40617,82188,82190],{},[18,82189,40344],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[392,82192,40623,82193,82195],{},[18,82194,6574],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[392,82197,82198],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,82200,82201,82202,79],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[269,82203,5008],{"href":5007},[81,82205,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,82207,82209,82210],{"id":82208},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,82211,25404],{},[14,82213,82214],{},"This is very common:",[34,82216,82217],{"className":36,"code":81362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82218,82219,82239,82257,82261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82220,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82222,94],{"class":49},[43,82224,98],{"class":97},[43,82226,101],{"class":53},[43,82228,154],{"class":104},[43,82230,108],{"class":53},[43,82232,1525],{"class":104},[43,82234,108],{"class":53},[43,82236,1530],{"class":104},[43,82238,68],{"class":53},[43,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82242,2836],{"class":49},[43,82244,98],{"class":97},[43,82246,80409],{"class":141},[43,82248,145],{"class":53},[43,82250,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82252,108],{"class":53},[43,82254,2071],{"class":148},[43,82256,346],{"class":53},[43,82258,82259],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82260,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82262,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82264,142],{"class":141},[43,82266,145],{"class":53},[43,82268,2871],{"class":148},[43,82270,346],{"class":53},[14,82272,82273],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,82275,39889],{},[34,82277,82279],{"className":36,"code":82278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(result))\n",[18,82280,82281],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82284,142],{"class":141},[43,82286,145],{"class":53},[43,82288,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82290,145],{"class":53},[43,82292,2871],{"class":148},[43,82294,2377],{"class":53},[1499,82296,82298],{"id":82297},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82300,1970],{},[34,82302,82304],{"className":36,"code":82303,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,82305,82306,82326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82307,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82309,94],{"class":49},[43,82311,98],{"class":97},[43,82313,101],{"class":53},[43,82315,154],{"class":104},[43,82317,108],{"class":53},[43,82319,1525],{"class":104},[43,82321,108],{"class":53},[43,82323,1530],{"class":104},[43,82325,68],{"class":53},[43,82327,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82341,82343],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82329,2836],{"class":49},[43,82331,98],{"class":97},[43,82333,80409],{"class":141},[43,82335,145],{"class":53},[43,82337,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82339,82340],{"class":53},"(),",[43,82342,2071],{"class":148},[43,82344,346],{"class":53},[14,82346,82347,82348,82350,82351,82353],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,82349,48311],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,82352,40344],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82355,17277],{},[34,82357,82358],{"className":36,"code":81449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82359,82360,82380,82398,82402],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82361,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82363,94],{"class":49},[43,82365,98],{"class":97},[43,82367,101],{"class":53},[43,82369,154],{"class":104},[43,82371,108],{"class":53},[43,82373,1525],{"class":104},[43,82375,108],{"class":53},[43,82377,1530],{"class":104},[43,82379,68],{"class":53},[43,82381,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82383,2836],{"class":49},[43,82385,98],{"class":97},[43,82387,80409],{"class":141},[43,82389,145],{"class":53},[43,82391,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82393,108],{"class":53},[43,82395,2071],{"class":148},[43,82397,346],{"class":53},[43,82399,82400],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82401,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82403,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82405,142],{"class":141},[43,82407,145],{"class":53},[43,82409,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82411,145],{"class":53},[43,82413,2871],{"class":148},[43,82415,2377],{"class":53},[1499,82417,82419],{"id":82418},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82421,82422],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82424,1970],{},[34,82426,82428],{"className":36,"code":82427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82429,82430,82447,82457,82461,82481,82500,82504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82431,82432,82434,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82433,35480],{"class":2671},[43,82435,82436],{"class":35483}," add",[43,82438,145],{"class":53},[43,82440,269],{"class":38290},[43,82442,108],{"class":53},[43,82444,3166],{"class":38290},[43,82446,8960],{"class":53},[43,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82450,35491],{"class":4491},[43,82452,45171],{"class":49},[43,82454,2666],{"class":97},[43,82456,36810],{"class":49},[43,82458,82459],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82460,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82462,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82464,94],{"class":49},[43,82466,98],{"class":97},[43,82468,101],{"class":53},[43,82470,154],{"class":104},[43,82472,108],{"class":53},[43,82474,1525],{"class":104},[43,82476,108],{"class":53},[43,82478,1530],{"class":104},[43,82480,68],{"class":53},[43,82482,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82494,82496,82498],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,82484,2836],{"class":49},[43,82486,98],{"class":97},[43,82488,80409],{"class":141},[43,82490,145],{"class":53},[43,82492,82493],{"class":148},"add",[43,82495,108],{"class":53},[43,82497,2071],{"class":148},[43,82499,346],{"class":53},[43,82501,82502],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,82503,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,82507,142],{"class":141},[43,82509,145],{"class":53},[43,82511,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82513,145],{"class":53},[43,82515,2871],{"class":148},[43,82517,2377],{"class":53},[14,82519,17277],{},[34,82521,82523],{"className":36,"code":82522,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82524,82525,82541,82551,82555,82575,82595,82617,82621],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82526,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82528,35480],{"class":2671},[43,82530,82436],{"class":35483},[43,82532,145],{"class":53},[43,82534,269],{"class":38290},[43,82536,108],{"class":53},[43,82538,3166],{"class":38290},[43,82540,8960],{"class":53},[43,82542,82543,82545,82547,82549],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82544,35491],{"class":4491},[43,82546,45171],{"class":49},[43,82548,2666],{"class":97},[43,82550,36810],{"class":49},[43,82552,82553],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82554,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82556,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82558,81045],{"class":49},[43,82560,98],{"class":97},[43,82562,101],{"class":53},[43,82564,154],{"class":104},[43,82566,108],{"class":53},[43,82568,1525],{"class":104},[43,82570,108],{"class":53},[43,82572,1530],{"class":104},[43,82574,68],{"class":53},[43,82576,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,82578,81066],{"class":49},[43,82580,98],{"class":97},[43,82582,101],{"class":53},[43,82584,105],{"class":104},[43,82586,108],{"class":53},[43,82588,111],{"class":104},[43,82590,108],{"class":53},[43,82592,116],{"class":104},[43,82594,68],{"class":53},[43,82596,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609,82611,82613,82615],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,82598,2836],{"class":49},[43,82600,98],{"class":97},[43,82602,80409],{"class":141},[43,82604,145],{"class":53},[43,82606,82493],{"class":148},[43,82608,108],{"class":53},[43,82610,81104],{"class":148},[43,82612,108],{"class":53},[43,82614,81109],{"class":148},[43,82616,346],{"class":53},[43,82618,82619],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,82620,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82622,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,82624,142],{"class":141},[43,82626,145],{"class":53},[43,82628,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82630,145],{"class":53},[43,82632,2871],{"class":148},[43,82634,2377],{"class":53},[1499,82636,82638],{"id":82637},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82640,1970],{},[34,82642,82643],{"className":36,"code":81645,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82644,82645,82665,82683,82687,82701],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82646,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82648,94],{"class":49},[43,82650,98],{"class":97},[43,82652,101],{"class":53},[43,82654,154],{"class":104},[43,82656,108],{"class":53},[43,82658,1525],{"class":104},[43,82660,108],{"class":53},[43,82662,1530],{"class":104},[43,82664,68],{"class":53},[43,82666,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82668,2836],{"class":49},[43,82670,98],{"class":97},[43,82672,80409],{"class":141},[43,82674,145],{"class":53},[43,82676,4054],{"class":3510},[43,82678,108],{"class":53},[43,82680,2071],{"class":148},[43,82682,346],{"class":53},[43,82684,82685],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82686,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,82688,82689,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82690,142],{"class":141},[43,82692,145],{"class":53},[43,82694,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82696,145],{"class":53},[43,82698,2871],{"class":148},[43,82700,2377],{"class":53},[43,82702,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,82704,142],{"class":141},[43,82706,145],{"class":53},[43,82708,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82710,145],{"class":53},[43,82712,2871],{"class":148},[43,82714,2377],{"class":53},[14,82716,82717],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82719,82720],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[81,82722,68519],{"id":68518},[14,82724,1261,82725,82727],{},[18,82726,40344],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,82729,82731],{"className":36,"code":82730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82732,82733,82743,82757,82771,82783],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82734,82735,82737,82739,82741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82736,142],{"class":141},[43,82738,145],{"class":53},[43,82740,2871],{"class":148},[43,82742,346],{"class":53},[43,82744,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,82746,142],{"class":141},[43,82748,145],{"class":53},[43,82750,8712],{"class":3510},[43,82752,145],{"class":53},[43,82754,2871],{"class":148},[43,82756,2377],{"class":53},[43,82758,82759,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,82760,142],{"class":141},[43,82762,145],{"class":53},[43,82764,3832],{"class":3510},[43,82766,145],{"class":53},[43,82768,2871],{"class":148},[43,82770,2377],{"class":53},[43,82772,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,82774,6574],{"class":4491},[43,82776,6577],{"class":49},[43,82778,4498],{"class":4491},[43,82780,81604],{"class":49},[43,82782,7009],{"class":53},[43,82784,82785,82787,82789,82791],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,82786,8687],{"class":141},[43,82788,145],{"class":53},[43,82790,23933],{"class":148},[43,82792,346],{"class":53},[14,82794,13296],{},[389,82796,82797,82802,82807,82813],{},[392,82798,82799,82801],{},[18,82800,33654],{}," shows that you have a map object",[392,82803,82804,82806],{},[18,82805,33662],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[392,82808,82809,82812],{},[18,82810,82811],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[392,82814,82815,82816,82818],{},"looping over ",[18,82817,2871],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82820,82821,82822,82825,82826,82828],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82823,82824],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82827,6574],{}," loop consume the map object.",[81,82830,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,82832,13328,82834,82836],{"id":82833},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82835,40344],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82838,82839,82840,82842,82843,24561],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82841,40344],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82844,82845],{},"list(map(...))",[1499,82847,15527,82849,82851,82852,82854],{"id":82848},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82850,40344],{}," better than a ",[18,82853,6574],{}," loop?",[14,82856,82857,82858,82860,82861,82863],{},"Not always. ",[18,82859,40344],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82862,6574],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1499,82865,5784,82867,82869],{"id":82866},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82868,40344],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82871,82872],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1499,82874,82876],{"id":82875},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82878,82879],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[81,82881,2497],{"id":2496},[389,82883,82884,82890,82896,82900,82904],{},[392,82885,82886],{},[269,82887,4187,82888,4120],{"href":40712},[18,82889,38203],{},[392,82891,82892],{},[269,82893,4187,82894,4120],{"href":65473},[18,82895,25404],{},[392,82897,82898],{},[269,82899,5836],{"href":5746},[392,82901,82902],{},[269,82903,5841],{"href":5007},[392,82905,82906],{},[269,82907,5831],{"href":5750},[2536,82909,82910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":82912},[82913,82914,82916,82917,82918,82920,82925,82932,82934,82941,82942,82951],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":80488,"depth":131,"text":82915},"What map() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":80807,"depth":131,"text":82919},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80991,"depth":131,"text":82921,"children":82922},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82923],{"id":81179,"depth":138,"text":82924},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81336,"depth":131,"text":82926,"children":82927},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82928,82930,82931],{"id":81354,"depth":138,"text":82929},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81545,"depth":138,"text":81546},{"id":81638,"depth":138,"text":81639},{"id":81899,"depth":131,"text":82933},"When to use map()",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":82935},[82936,82938,82939,82940],{"id":82208,"depth":138,"text":82937},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82297,"depth":138,"text":82298},{"id":82418,"depth":138,"text":82419},{"id":82637,"depth":138,"text":82638},{"id":68518,"depth":131,"text":68519},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":82943},[82944,82946,82948,82950],{"id":82833,"depth":138,"text":82945},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82848,"depth":138,"text":82947},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82866,"depth":138,"text":82949},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82875,"depth":138,"text":82876},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80320,"description":82952},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82959,"title":82960,"body":82961,"description":84981,"extension":2572,"meta":84982,"navigation":134,"path":84983,"seo":84984,"stem":84985,"__hash__":84986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82962,"toc":84939},[82963,82969,82974,82977,82985,82988,82990,83114,83116,83134,83136,83156,83161,83165,83179,83182,83185,83187,83192,83304,83307,83325,83331,83334,83396,83398,83407,83410,83424,83426,83474,83476,83485,83495,83501,83504,83531,83533,83541,83544,83547,83617,83619,83627,83630,83635,83640,83691,83693,83701,83704,83706,83723,83725,83777,83780,83786,83790,83795,83798,83802,83861,83863,83872,83878,83887,83891,83954,83956,83964,83969,83973,83978,84058,84060,84069,84076,84081,84086,84089,84124,84126,84134,84137,84143,84145,84195,84197,84206,84209,84227,84229,84234,84240,84247,84274,84276,84299,84304,84339,84344,84350,84355,84398,84401,84404,84443,84450,84456,84461,84476,84480,84487,84490,84494,84499,84503,84508,84510,84571,84573,84602,84607,84614,84623,84625,84628,84653,84655,84758,84761,84779,84788,84790,84795,84798,84804,84807,84809,84819,84825,84829,84887,84894,84902,84904,84936],[10,82964,4187,82966,4191],{"id":82965},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82967,82968],{},"max()",[14,82970,9741,82971,82973],{},[18,82972,82968],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82975,82976],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[389,82978,82979,82982],{},[392,82980,82981],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[392,82983,82984],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82986,82987],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[81,82989,84],{"id":83},[34,82991,82993],{"className":36,"code":82992,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82994,82995,83019,83034,83038,83064,83068,83100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82996,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82998,94],{"class":49},[43,83000,98],{"class":97},[43,83002,101],{"class":53},[43,83004,181],{"class":104},[43,83006,108],{"class":53},[43,83008,6975],{"class":104},[43,83010,108],{"class":53},[43,83012,1525],{"class":104},[43,83014,108],{"class":53},[43,83016,5221],{"class":104},[43,83018,68],{"class":53},[43,83020,83021,83023,83025,83028,83030,83032],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83022,142],{"class":141},[43,83024,145],{"class":53},[43,83026,83027],{"class":141},"max",[43,83029,145],{"class":53},[43,83031,149],{"class":148},[43,83033,2377],{"class":53},[43,83035,83036],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,83037,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,83039,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,83041,142],{"class":141},[43,83043,145],{"class":53},[43,83045,83027],{"class":141},[43,83047,145],{"class":53},[43,83049,181],{"class":104},[43,83051,108],{"class":53},[43,83053,6975],{"class":104},[43,83055,108],{"class":53},[43,83057,1525],{"class":104},[43,83059,108],{"class":53},[43,83061,5221],{"class":104},[43,83063,2377],{"class":53},[43,83065,83066],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,83067,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,83069,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,83071,4685],{"class":49},[43,83073,98],{"class":97},[43,83075,101],{"class":53},[43,83077,265],{"class":264},[43,83079,4694],{"class":268},[43,83081,265],{"class":264},[43,83083,108],{"class":53},[43,83085,276],{"class":264},[43,83087,4703],{"class":268},[43,83089,265],{"class":264},[43,83091,108],{"class":53},[43,83093,276],{"class":264},[43,83095,79131],{"class":268},[43,83097,265],{"class":264},[43,83099,68],{"class":53},[43,83101,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,83103,142],{"class":141},[43,83105,145],{"class":53},[43,83107,83027],{"class":141},[43,83109,145],{"class":53},[43,83111,4729],{"class":148},[43,83113,2377],{"class":53},[14,83115,349],{},[34,83117,83119],{"className":36,"code":83118,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,83120,83121,83125,83129],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83122,83123],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83124,2988],{"class":104},[43,83126,83127],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83128,2988],{"class":104},[43,83130,83131],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,83132,83133],{"class":49},"pear\n",[14,83135,20579],{},[389,83137,83138,83144,83150],{},[392,83139,83140,83143],{},[18,83141,83142],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[392,83145,83146,83149],{},[18,83147,83148],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[392,83151,83152,83155],{},[18,83153,83154],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[81,83157,4289,83159,4292],{"id":83158},"what-max-does",[18,83160,82968],{},[14,83162,83163,59],{},[18,83164,82968],{},[389,83166,83167,83170,83173,83176],{},[392,83168,83169],{},"Returns the largest item",[392,83171,83172],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[392,83174,83175],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[392,83177,83178],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,83180,83181],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,83183,83184],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[81,83186,2763],{"id":2762},[14,83188,83189,83190,59],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,83191,82968],{},[34,83193,83195],{"className":36,"code":83194,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,83196,83197,83207,83231,83253,83276],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83198,83199,83201,83203,83205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83200,83027],{"class":141},[43,83202,145],{"class":53},[43,83204,4333],{"class":148},[43,83206,346],{"class":53},[43,83208,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83220,83222,83224,83226,83229],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83210,83027],{"class":141},[43,83212,145],{"class":53},[43,83214,4333],{"class":148},[43,83216,108],{"class":53},[43,83218,83219],{"class":97}," *",[43,83221,108],{"class":53},[43,83223,22201],{"class":9794},[43,83225,98],{"class":97},[43,83227,83228],{"class":148},"func",[43,83230,346],{"class":53},[43,83232,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,83234,83027],{"class":141},[43,83236,145],{"class":53},[43,83238,4333],{"class":148},[43,83240,108],{"class":53},[43,83242,83219],{"class":97},[43,83244,108],{"class":53},[43,83246,27147],{"class":9794},[43,83248,98],{"class":97},[43,83250,3080],{"class":148},[43,83252,346],{"class":53},[43,83254,83255,83257,83259,83262,83264,83267,83269,83271,83274],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,83256,83027],{"class":141},[43,83258,145],{"class":53},[43,83260,83261],{"class":148},"arg1",[43,83263,108],{"class":53},[43,83265,83266],{"class":148}," arg2",[43,83268,108],{"class":53},[43,83270,83219],{"class":97},[43,83272,83273],{"class":148},"args",[43,83275,346],{"class":53},[43,83277,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,83279,83027],{"class":141},[43,83281,145],{"class":53},[43,83283,83261],{"class":148},[43,83285,108],{"class":53},[43,83287,83266],{"class":148},[43,83289,108],{"class":53},[43,83291,83219],{"class":97},[43,83293,83273],{"class":148},[43,83295,108],{"class":53},[43,83297,22201],{"class":9794},[43,83299,98],{"class":97},[43,83301,83228],{"class":148},[43,83303,346],{"class":53},[14,83305,83306],{},"The most important parts are:",[389,83308,83309,83314,83319],{},[392,83310,83311,83313],{},[18,83312,4333],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[392,83315,83316,83318],{},[18,83317,15466],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[392,83320,83321,83324],{},[18,83322,83323],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[81,83326,2445,83328,83330],{"id":83327},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,83329,82968],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83332,83333],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[34,83335,83337],{"className":36,"code":83336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,83338,83339,83365,83381,83385],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83340,83341,83343,83345,83347,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83363],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83342,5679],{"class":49},[43,83344,98],{"class":97},[43,83346,101],{"class":53},[43,83348,83349],{"class":104},"72",[43,83351,108],{"class":53},[43,83353,52137],{"class":104},[43,83355,108],{"class":53},[43,83357,14132],{"class":104},[43,83359,108],{"class":53},[43,83361,83362],{"class":104}," 66",[43,83364,68],{"class":53},[43,83366,83367,83370,83372,83375,83377,83379],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83368,83369],{"class":49},"highest_score ",[43,83371,98],{"class":97},[43,83373,83374],{"class":141}," max",[43,83376,145],{"class":53},[43,83378,17011],{"class":148},[43,83380,346],{"class":53},[43,83382,83383],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,83384,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,83386,83387,83389,83391,83394],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,83388,142],{"class":141},[43,83390,145],{"class":53},[43,83392,83393],{"class":148},"highest_score",[43,83395,346],{"class":53},[14,83397,349],{},[34,83399,83401],{"className":36,"code":83400,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"91\n",[18,83402,83403],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83404,83405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83406,83400],{"class":104},[14,83408,83409],{},"This works well for:",[389,83411,83412,83415,83418,83421],{},[392,83413,83414],{},"Scores",[392,83416,83417],{},"Prices",[392,83419,83420],{},"Ages",[392,83422,83423],{},"Counts",[14,83425,52707],{},[34,83427,83429],{"className":36,"code":83428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,83430,83431,83459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83432,83433,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83447,83449,83452,83454,83457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83434,83435],{"class":49},"prices ",[43,83437,98],{"class":97},[43,83439,101],{"class":53},[43,83441,41025],{"class":104},[43,83443,108],{"class":53},[43,83445,83446],{"class":104}," 5.50",[43,83448,108],{"class":53},[43,83450,83451],{"class":104}," 12.75",[43,83453,108],{"class":53},[43,83455,83456],{"class":104}," 29.00",[43,83458,68],{"class":53},[43,83460,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83472],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83462,142],{"class":141},[43,83464,145],{"class":53},[43,83466,83027],{"class":141},[43,83468,145],{"class":53},[43,83470,83471],{"class":148},"prices",[43,83473,2377],{"class":53},[14,83475,349],{},[34,83477,83479],{"className":36,"code":83478,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"29.0\n",[18,83480,83481],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83482,83483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83484,83478],{"class":104},[14,83486,83487,83488,83490,83491,79],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83489,82968],{}," is simpler than ",[269,83492,83493],{"href":75138},[18,83494,75041],{},[81,83496,2445,83498,83500],{"id":83497},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83499,82968],{}," with separate values",[14,83502,83503],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[34,83505,83507],{"className":36,"code":83506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83508,83509],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83510,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83512,142],{"class":141},[43,83514,145],{"class":53},[43,83516,83027],{"class":141},[43,83518,145],{"class":53},[43,83520,159],{"class":104},[43,83522,108],{"class":53},[43,83524,31569],{"class":104},[43,83526,108],{"class":53},[43,83528,6609],{"class":104},[43,83530,2377],{"class":53},[14,83532,349],{},[34,83534,83535],{"className":36,"code":2831,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83536,83537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83538,83539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83540,2831],{"class":104},[14,83542,83543],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83545,83546],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[34,83548,83550],{"className":36,"code":83549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83551,83552,83561,83569,83579,83583,83606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83553,83554,83556,83558],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83555,3161],{"class":49},[43,83557,98],{"class":97},[43,83559,83560],{"class":104}," 15\n",[43,83562,83563,83565,83567],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83564,3189],{"class":49},[43,83566,98],{"class":97},[43,83568,3376],{"class":104},[43,83570,83571,83574,83576],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,83572,83573],{"class":49},"c ",[43,83575,98],{"class":97},[43,83577,83578],{"class":104}," 27\n",[43,83580,83581],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,83582,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,83584,83585,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,83586,83587],{"class":49},"largest ",[43,83589,98],{"class":97},[43,83591,83374],{"class":141},[43,83593,145],{"class":53},[43,83595,269],{"class":148},[43,83597,108],{"class":53},[43,83599,3166],{"class":148},[43,83601,108],{"class":53},[43,83603,10301],{"class":148},[43,83605,346],{"class":53},[43,83607,83608,83610,83612,83615],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,83609,142],{"class":141},[43,83611,145],{"class":53},[43,83613,83614],{"class":148},"largest",[43,83616,346],{"class":53},[14,83618,349],{},[34,83620,83621],{"className":36,"code":47239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83622,83623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83624,83625],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83626,47239],{"class":104},[14,83628,83629],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[81,83631,2445,83633,47686],{"id":83632},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83634,82968],{},[14,83636,83637,83639],{},[18,83638,82968],{}," can compare strings too.",[34,83641,83643],{"className":36,"code":83642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83644,83645,83677],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83646,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83648,4685],{"class":49},[43,83650,98],{"class":97},[43,83652,101],{"class":53},[43,83654,265],{"class":264},[43,83656,4694],{"class":268},[43,83658,265],{"class":264},[43,83660,108],{"class":53},[43,83662,276],{"class":264},[43,83664,4703],{"class":268},[43,83666,265],{"class":264},[43,83668,108],{"class":53},[43,83670,276],{"class":264},[43,83672,79131],{"class":268},[43,83674,265],{"class":264},[43,83676,68],{"class":53},[43,83678,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83680,142],{"class":141},[43,83682,145],{"class":53},[43,83684,83027],{"class":141},[43,83686,145],{"class":53},[43,83688,4729],{"class":148},[43,83690,2377],{"class":53},[14,83692,349],{},[34,83694,83695],{"className":36,"code":83133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83696,83697],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83698,83699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83700,83133],{"class":49},[14,83702,83703],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83705,68907],{},[389,83707,83708,83717,83720],{},[392,83709,83710,83713,83714,83716],{},[18,83711,83712],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83715,65898],{}," alphabetically",[392,83718,83719],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[392,83721,83722],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83724,494],{},[34,83726,83728],{"className":36,"code":83727,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83729,83730,83763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83731,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83733,4685],{"class":49},[43,83735,98],{"class":97},[43,83737,101],{"class":53},[43,83739,265],{"class":264},[43,83741,4694],{"class":268},[43,83743,265],{"class":264},[43,83745,108],{"class":53},[43,83747,276],{"class":264},[43,83749,83750],{"class":268},"Banana",[43,83752,265],{"class":264},[43,83754,108],{"class":53},[43,83756,276],{"class":264},[43,83758,79131],{"class":268},[43,83760,265],{"class":264},[43,83762,68],{"class":53},[43,83764,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83766,142],{"class":141},[43,83768,145],{"class":53},[43,83770,83027],{"class":141},[43,83772,145],{"class":53},[43,83774,4729],{"class":148},[43,83776,2377],{"class":53},[14,83778,83779],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83781,83782,83783,83785],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83784,15466],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[81,83787,37241,83788,37244],{"id":79089},[18,83789,15466],{},[14,83791,1242,83792,83794],{},[18,83793,15466],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83796,83797],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1499,83799,83801],{"id":83800},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[34,83803,83805],{"className":36,"code":83804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83806,83807,83839],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83808,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83810,4685],{"class":49},[43,83812,98],{"class":97},[43,83814,101],{"class":53},[43,83816,265],{"class":264},[43,83818,37675],{"class":268},[43,83820,265],{"class":264},[43,83822,108],{"class":53},[43,83824,276],{"class":264},[43,83826,68950],{"class":268},[43,83828,265],{"class":264},[43,83830,108],{"class":53},[43,83832,276],{"class":264},[43,83834,58753],{"class":268},[43,83836,265],{"class":264},[43,83838,68],{"class":53},[43,83840,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83842,142],{"class":141},[43,83844,145],{"class":53},[43,83846,83027],{"class":141},[43,83848,145],{"class":53},[43,83850,4729],{"class":148},[43,83852,108],{"class":53},[43,83854,22201],{"class":9794},[43,83856,98],{"class":97},[43,83858,2370],{"class":141},[43,83860,2377],{"class":53},[14,83862,349],{},[34,83864,83866],{"className":36,"code":83865,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"elephant\n",[18,83867,83868],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83869,83870],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83871,83865],{"class":49},[14,83873,21392,83874,83877],{},[18,83875,83876],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83879,83880,83881,34256,83883,79],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83882,2448],{},[269,83884,83885,6399],{"href":42984},[18,83886,2448],{},[1499,83888,83890],{"id":83889},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[34,83892,83894],{"className":36,"code":83893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83895,83896,83928],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83897,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83899,4685],{"class":49},[43,83901,98],{"class":97},[43,83903,101],{"class":53},[43,83905,265],{"class":264},[43,83907,4694],{"class":268},[43,83909,265],{"class":264},[43,83911,108],{"class":53},[43,83913,276],{"class":264},[43,83915,83750],{"class":268},[43,83917,265],{"class":264},[43,83919,108],{"class":53},[43,83921,276],{"class":264},[43,83923,79131],{"class":268},[43,83925,265],{"class":264},[43,83927,68],{"class":53},[43,83929,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,83931,142],{"class":141},[43,83933,145],{"class":53},[43,83935,83027],{"class":141},[43,83937,145],{"class":53},[43,83939,4729],{"class":148},[43,83941,108],{"class":53},[43,83943,22201],{"class":9794},[43,83945,98],{"class":97},[43,83947,4054],{"class":3510},[43,83949,79],{"class":53},[43,83951,9259],{"class":25373},[43,83953,2377],{"class":53},[14,83955,349],{},[34,83957,83958],{"className":36,"code":83133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83959,83960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83961,83962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83963,83133],{"class":49},[14,83965,21392,83966,83968],{},[18,83967,79085],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1499,83970,83972],{"id":83971},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83974,83975,83976,59],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83977,38287],{},[34,83979,83981],{"className":36,"code":83980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83982,83983,84026],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83984,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84004,84006,84008,84010,84013,84015,84017,84019,84022,84024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83986,8398],{"class":49},[43,83988,98],{"class":97},[43,83990,101],{"class":53},[43,83992,265],{"class":264},[43,83994,269],{"class":268},[43,83996,265],{"class":264},[43,83998,108],{"class":53},[43,84000,276],{"class":264},[43,84002,84003],{"class":268},"bb",[43,84005,265],{"class":264},[43,84007,108],{"class":53},[43,84009,276],{"class":264},[43,84011,84012],{"class":268},"cccc",[43,84014,265],{"class":264},[43,84016,108],{"class":53},[43,84018,276],{"class":264},[43,84020,84021],{"class":268},"ddd",[43,84023,265],{"class":264},[43,84025,68],{"class":53},[43,84027,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84029,142],{"class":141},[43,84031,145],{"class":53},[43,84033,83027],{"class":141},[43,84035,145],{"class":53},[43,84037,8427],{"class":148},[43,84039,108],{"class":53},[43,84041,22201],{"class":9794},[43,84043,98],{"class":97},[43,84045,38287],{"class":2671},[43,84047,43467],{"class":38290},[43,84049,59],{"class":53},[43,84051,39013],{"class":141},[43,84053,145],{"class":53},[43,84055,35337],{"class":148},[43,84057,3521],{"class":53},[14,84059,349],{},[34,84061,84063],{"className":36,"code":84062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cccc\n",[18,84064,84065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84066,84067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84068,84062],{"class":49},[14,84070,50178,84071,1233,84073,84075],{},[18,84072,83876],{},[18,84074,78972],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[81,84077,37241,84079,37244],{"id":84078},"using-the-default-argument",[18,84080,83323],{},[14,84082,1242,84083,84085],{},[18,84084,83323],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,84087,84088],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[34,84090,84092],{"className":36,"code":84091,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84093,84094,84102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84095,84096,84098,84100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84097,94],{"class":49},[43,84099,98],{"class":97},[43,84101,8456],{"class":53},[43,84103,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84105,142],{"class":141},[43,84107,145],{"class":53},[43,84109,83027],{"class":141},[43,84111,145],{"class":53},[43,84113,149],{"class":148},[43,84115,108],{"class":53},[43,84117,27147],{"class":9794},[43,84119,98],{"class":97},[43,84121,1277],{"class":104},[43,84123,2377],{"class":53},[14,84125,349],{},[34,84127,84128],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,84129,84130],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84131,84132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84133,47879],{"class":104},[14,84135,84136],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,84138,84139,84140,84142],{},"Without ",[18,84141,83323],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,84144,52707],{},[34,84146,84148],{"className":36,"code":84147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,84149,84150,84158,84185],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84151,84152,84154,84156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84153,4685],{"class":49},[43,84155,98],{"class":97},[43,84157,8456],{"class":53},[43,84159,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84181,84183],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84161,2836],{"class":49},[43,84163,98],{"class":97},[43,84165,83374],{"class":141},[43,84167,145],{"class":53},[43,84169,4729],{"class":148},[43,84171,108],{"class":53},[43,84173,27147],{"class":9794},[43,84175,98],{"class":97},[43,84177,265],{"class":264},[43,84179,84180],{"class":268},"no words found",[43,84182,265],{"class":264},[43,84184,346],{"class":53},[43,84186,84187,84189,84191,84193],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,84188,142],{"class":141},[43,84190,145],{"class":53},[43,84192,2871],{"class":148},[43,84194,346],{"class":53},[14,84196,349],{},[34,84198,84200],{"className":36,"code":84199,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"no words found\n",[18,84201,84202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84203,84204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84205,84199],{"class":49},[14,84207,84208],{},"Important:",[389,84210,84211,84219],{},[392,84212,84213,84215,84216],{},[18,84214,83323],{}," works with ",[18,84217,84218],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[392,84220,1954,84221,84223,84224],{},[76,84222,1957],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,84225,84226],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[81,84228,48614],{"id":48613},[14,84230,84231,84232,79],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,84233,82968],{},[1499,84235,84237,84239],{"id":84236},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,84238,1553],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,84241,84242,84243,46535,84245,79],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,84244,83323],{},[18,84246,1553],{},[34,84248,84250],{"className":36,"code":84249,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,84251,84252,84260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84253,84254,84256,84258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84255,94],{"class":49},[43,84257,98],{"class":97},[43,84259,8456],{"class":53},[43,84261,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84263,142],{"class":141},[43,84265,145],{"class":53},[43,84267,83027],{"class":141},[43,84269,145],{"class":53},[43,84271,149],{"class":148},[43,84273,2377],{"class":53},[14,84275,30306],{},[34,84277,84279],{"className":36,"code":84278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,84280,84281],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84282,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84294,84296],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84284,1553],{"class":3510},[43,84286,59],{"class":53},[43,84288,83374],{"class":141},[43,84290,7983],{"class":53},[43,84292,84293],{"class":49}," arg ",[43,84295,12817],{"class":97},[43,84297,84298],{"class":49}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84300,84301,84302,59],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,84303,83323],{},[34,84305,84307],{"className":36,"code":84306,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,84308,84309,84317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84310,84311,84313,84315],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84312,94],{"class":49},[43,84314,98],{"class":97},[43,84316,8456],{"class":53},[43,84318,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84320,142],{"class":141},[43,84322,145],{"class":53},[43,84324,83027],{"class":141},[43,84326,145],{"class":53},[43,84328,149],{"class":148},[43,84330,108],{"class":53},[43,84332,27147],{"class":9794},[43,84334,98],{"class":97},[43,84336,4391],{"class":4466},[43,84338,2377],{"class":53},[14,84340,84341,84342,79],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[269,84343,66463],{"href":73497},[1499,84345,84347,84349],{"id":84346},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,84348,3614],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84351,84352,84353,79],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,84354,3614],{},[34,84356,84358],{"className":36,"code":84357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84359,84360,84384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84361,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84363,8398],{"class":49},[43,84365,98],{"class":97},[43,84367,101],{"class":53},[43,84369,105],{"class":104},[43,84371,108],{"class":53},[43,84373,276],{"class":264},[43,84375,618],{"class":268},[43,84377,265],{"class":264},[43,84379,108],{"class":53},[43,84381,116],{"class":104},[43,84383,68],{"class":53},[43,84385,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84387,142],{"class":141},[43,84389,145],{"class":53},[43,84391,83027],{"class":141},[43,84393,145],{"class":53},[43,84395,8427],{"class":148},[43,84397,2377],{"class":53},[14,84399,84400],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84402,84403],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[34,84405,84407],{"className":36,"code":84406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84408,84409,84429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84410,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423,84425,84427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84412,8398],{"class":49},[43,84414,98],{"class":97},[43,84416,101],{"class":53},[43,84418,105],{"class":104},[43,84420,108],{"class":53},[43,84422,111],{"class":104},[43,84424,108],{"class":53},[43,84426,116],{"class":104},[43,84428,68],{"class":53},[43,84430,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84432,142],{"class":141},[43,84434,145],{"class":53},[43,84436,83027],{"class":141},[43,84438,145],{"class":53},[43,84440,8427],{"class":148},[43,84442,2377],{"class":53},[14,84444,84445,84446,79],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[269,84447,84449],{"href":84448},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1499,84451,84453,84455],{"id":84452},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84454,3614],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84457,84458,84460],{},[18,84459,82968],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[34,84462,84464],{"className":36,"code":84463,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(max())\n",[18,84465,84466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84467,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84469,142],{"class":141},[43,84471,145],{"class":53},[43,84473,83027],{"class":141},[43,84475,7811],{"class":53},[14,84477,3611,84478,79],{},[18,84479,3614],{},[81,84481,84483,11205,84485],{"id":84482},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84484,82968],{},[18,84486,75041],{},[14,84488,84489],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84491,84492,59],{},[18,84493,82968],{},[389,84495,84496],{},[392,84497,84498],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84500,84501,59],{},[18,84502,75041],{},[389,84504,84505],{},[392,84506,84507],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84509,494],{},[34,84511,84513],{"className":36,"code":84512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84514,84515,84539,84543,84557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84516,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84518,94],{"class":49},[43,84520,98],{"class":97},[43,84522,101],{"class":53},[43,84524,181],{"class":104},[43,84526,108],{"class":53},[43,84528,6975],{"class":104},[43,84530,108],{"class":53},[43,84532,1525],{"class":104},[43,84534,108],{"class":53},[43,84536,5221],{"class":104},[43,84538,68],{"class":53},[43,84540,84541],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84542,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,84544,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,84546,142],{"class":141},[43,84548,145],{"class":53},[43,84550,83027],{"class":141},[43,84552,145],{"class":53},[43,84554,149],{"class":148},[43,84556,2377],{"class":53},[43,84558,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,84560,142],{"class":141},[43,84562,145],{"class":53},[43,84564,75131],{"class":141},[43,84566,145],{"class":53},[43,84568,149],{"class":148},[43,84570,2377],{"class":53},[14,84572,349],{},[34,84574,84576],{"className":36,"code":84575,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84577,84578,84582],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84579,84580],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84581,2988],{"class":104},[43,84583,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84585,54],{"class":53},[43,84587,201],{"class":104},[43,84589,108],{"class":53},[43,84591,1530],{"class":104},[43,84593,108],{"class":53},[43,84595,5221],{"class":104},[43,84597,108],{"class":53},[43,84599,6975],{"class":104},[43,84601,68],{"class":53},[14,84603,230,84604,84606],{},[18,84605,82968],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84608,230,84609,84613],{},[269,84610,84611],{"href":75138},[18,84612,75041],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84615,84616,84617,79],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[269,84618,84620],{"href":84619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84621,84622],{},"min()",[81,84624,3438],{"id":3437},[14,84626,84627],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[389,84629,84630,84637,84640,84645,84648],{},[392,84631,30275,84632,84634,84635],{},[18,84633,82968],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84636,83323],{},[392,84638,84639],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[392,84641,9071,84642,84644],{},[18,84643,82968],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[392,84646,84647],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[392,84649,2445,84650,84652],{},[18,84651,83323],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84654,11734],{},[34,84656,84658],{"className":36,"code":84657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84659,84660,84670,84684,84698,84712,84734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84661,84662,84664,84666,84668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84663,142],{"class":141},[43,84665,145],{"class":53},[43,84667,8427],{"class":148},[43,84669,346],{"class":53},[43,84671,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84673,142],{"class":141},[43,84675,145],{"class":53},[43,84677,3832],{"class":3510},[43,84679,145],{"class":53},[43,84681,8427],{"class":148},[43,84683,2377],{"class":53},[43,84685,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,84687,142],{"class":141},[43,84689,145],{"class":53},[43,84691,2370],{"class":141},[43,84693,145],{"class":53},[43,84695,8427],{"class":148},[43,84697,2377],{"class":53},[43,84699,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,84701,142],{"class":141},[43,84703,145],{"class":53},[43,84705,83027],{"class":141},[43,84707,145],{"class":53},[43,84709,8427],{"class":148},[43,84711,2377],{"class":53},[43,84713,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,84715,142],{"class":141},[43,84717,145],{"class":53},[43,84719,83027],{"class":141},[43,84721,145],{"class":53},[43,84723,8427],{"class":148},[43,84725,108],{"class":53},[43,84727,27147],{"class":9794},[43,84729,98],{"class":97},[43,84731,4391],{"class":4466},[43,84733,2377],{"class":53},[43,84735,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,84737,142],{"class":141},[43,84739,3595],{"class":53},[43,84741,3832],{"class":3510},[43,84743,145],{"class":53},[43,84745,2780],{"class":148},[43,84747,4272],{"class":53},[43,84749,4492],{"class":4491},[43,84751,4495],{"class":148},[43,84753,4498],{"class":4491},[43,84755,704],{"class":148},[43,84757,1547],{"class":53},[14,84759,84760],{},"These are useful for checking:",[389,84762,84763,84768,84773,84776],{},[392,84764,84765,84766],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84767,8427],{},[392,84769,80138,84770,84772],{},[18,84771,8427],{}," is a list or some other type",[392,84774,84775],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[392,84777,84778],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84780,69969,84781,84784,84785,84787],{},[18,84782,84783],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84786,8427],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[81,84789,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,84791,2476,84793,5759],{"id":84792},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84794,82968],{},[14,84796,84797],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1499,84799,5784,84801,84803],{"id":84800},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84802,82968],{}," work with strings?",[14,84805,84806],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1499,84808,72265],{"id":72264},[14,84810,84811,53122,84813,84815,84816,84818],{},[18,84812,82968],{},[18,84814,1553],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84817,83323],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1499,84820,84822,84823,2490],{"id":84821},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84824,82968],{},[14,84826,230,84827,59],{},[18,84828,83876],{},[34,84830,84831],{"className":36,"code":83804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,84832,84833,84865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84834,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84836,4685],{"class":49},[43,84838,98],{"class":97},[43,84840,101],{"class":53},[43,84842,265],{"class":264},[43,84844,37675],{"class":268},[43,84846,265],{"class":264},[43,84848,108],{"class":53},[43,84850,276],{"class":264},[43,84852,68950],{"class":268},[43,84854,265],{"class":264},[43,84856,108],{"class":53},[43,84858,276],{"class":264},[43,84860,58753],{"class":268},[43,84862,265],{"class":264},[43,84864,68],{"class":53},[43,84866,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,84868,142],{"class":141},[43,84870,145],{"class":53},[43,84872,83027],{"class":141},[43,84874,145],{"class":53},[43,84876,4729],{"class":148},[43,84878,108],{"class":53},[43,84880,22201],{"class":9794},[43,84882,98],{"class":97},[43,84884,2370],{"class":141},[43,84886,2377],{"class":53},[1499,84888,5794,84890,1233,84892,2490],{"id":84889},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84891,82968],{},[18,84893,75041],{},[14,84895,84896,84898,84899,84901],{},[18,84897,82968],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":84940},[84941,84942,84944,84945,84947,84949,84951,84956,84958,84966,84968,84969,84980],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":83158,"depth":131,"text":84943},"What max() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":83327,"depth":131,"text":84946},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83497,"depth":131,"text":84948},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83632,"depth":131,"text":84950},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79089,"depth":131,"text":80287,"children":84952},[84953,84954,84955],{"id":83800,"depth":138,"text":83801},{"id":83889,"depth":138,"text":83890},{"id":83971,"depth":138,"text":83972},{"id":84078,"depth":131,"text":84957},"Using the default argument",{"id":48613,"depth":131,"text":48614,"children":84959},[84960,84962,84964],{"id":84236,"depth":138,"text":84961},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84346,"depth":138,"text":84963},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84452,"depth":138,"text":84965},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84482,"depth":131,"text":84967},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":84970},[84971,84973,84975,84976,84978],{"id":84792,"depth":138,"text":84972},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84800,"depth":138,"text":84974},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72264,"depth":138,"text":72265},{"id":84821,"depth":138,"text":84977},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84889,"depth":138,"text":84979},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82960,"description":84981},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84988,"title":84989,"body":84990,"description":86944,"extension":2572,"meta":86945,"navigation":134,"path":86946,"seo":86947,"stem":86948,"__hash__":86949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84991,"toc":86901},[84992,84997,85002,85008,85010,85084,85086,85099,85104,85109,85125,85129,85134,85210,85216,85219,85262,85264,85272,85278,85281,85312,85314,85322,85328,85333,85392,85394,85403,85406,85416,85422,85427,85462,85464,85472,85478,85484,85489,85533,85535,85544,85547,85587,85589,85598,85601,85613,85618,85623,85674,85676,85685,85688,85739,85741,85750,85753,85760,85766,85771,85773,85788,85792,85852,85854,85863,85867,86039,86041,86078,86085,86091,86094,86121,86123,86144,86149,86184,86186,86194,86197,86200,86216,86221,86223,86227,86233,86237,86264,86267,86277,86317,86321,86324,86367,86369,86378,86381,86386,86455,86457,86465,86470,86474,86477,86528,86530,86538,86541,86604,86606,86614,86617,86622,86626,86639,86646,86654,86656,86658,86688,86694,86795,86805,86807,86812,86815,86820,86823,86825,86833,86841,86849,86856,86864,86866,86898],[10,84993,4187,84995,4191],{"id":84994},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84996,84622],{},[14,84998,84999,85001],{},[18,85000,84622],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,85003,85004,85005,85007],{},"This page explains what ",[18,85006,84622],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[81,85009,84],{"id":83},[34,85011,85013],{"className":36,"code":85012,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,85014,85015,85039,85054,85058],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85016,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85018,94],{"class":49},[43,85020,98],{"class":97},[43,85022,101],{"class":53},[43,85024,831],{"class":104},[43,85026,108],{"class":53},[43,85028,1525],{"class":104},[43,85030,108],{"class":53},[43,85032,54764],{"class":104},[43,85034,108],{"class":53},[43,85036,6113],{"class":104},[43,85038,68],{"class":53},[43,85040,85041,85043,85045,85048,85050,85052],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85042,142],{"class":141},[43,85044,145],{"class":53},[43,85046,85047],{"class":141},"min",[43,85049,145],{"class":53},[43,85051,149],{"class":148},[43,85053,2377],{"class":53},[43,85055,85056],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,85057,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,85059,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,85061,142],{"class":141},[43,85063,145],{"class":53},[43,85065,85047],{"class":141},[43,85067,145],{"class":53},[43,85069,831],{"class":104},[43,85071,108],{"class":53},[43,85073,1525],{"class":104},[43,85075,108],{"class":53},[43,85077,54764],{"class":104},[43,85079,108],{"class":53},[43,85081,6113],{"class":104},[43,85083,2377],{"class":53},[14,85085,349],{},[34,85087,85089],{"className":36,"code":85088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n1\n",[18,85090,85091,85095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85092,85093],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85094,47544],{"class":104},[43,85096,85097],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85098,47544],{"class":104},[14,85100,230,85101,85103],{},[18,85102,84622],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[81,85105,4289,85107,4292],{"id":85106},"what-min-does",[18,85108,84622],{},[389,85110,85111,85116,85119,85122],{},[392,85112,85113,85115],{},[18,85114,84622],{}," returns the smallest item",[392,85117,85118],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[392,85120,85121],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[392,85123,85124],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[81,85126,85128],{"id":85127},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,85130,85131,85132,59],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,85133,84622],{},[34,85135,85137],{"className":36,"code":85136,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,85138,85139,85149,85174,85192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85140,85141,85143,85145,85147],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85142,85047],{"class":141},[43,85144,145],{"class":53},[43,85146,4333],{"class":148},[43,85148,346],{"class":53},[43,85150,85151,85153,85155,85158,85160,85163,85165,85168,85170,85172],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85152,85047],{"class":141},[43,85154,145],{"class":53},[43,85156,85157],{"class":148},"value1",[43,85159,108],{"class":53},[43,85161,85162],{"class":148}," value2",[43,85164,108],{"class":53},[43,85166,85167],{"class":148}," value3",[43,85169,108],{"class":53},[43,85171,35082],{"class":141},[43,85173,346],{"class":53},[43,85175,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,85177,85047],{"class":141},[43,85179,145],{"class":53},[43,85181,4333],{"class":148},[43,85183,108],{"class":53},[43,85185,22201],{"class":9794},[43,85187,98],{"class":97},[43,85189,37998],{"class":141},[43,85191,346],{"class":53},[43,85193,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,85195,85047],{"class":141},[43,85197,145],{"class":53},[43,85199,4333],{"class":148},[43,85201,108],{"class":53},[43,85203,27147],{"class":9794},[43,85205,98],{"class":97},[43,85207,37998],{"class":141},[43,85209,346],{"class":53},[1499,85211,85213],{"id":85212},"miniterable",[18,85214,85215],{},"min(iterable)",[14,85217,85218],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[34,85220,85222],{"className":36,"code":85221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85223,85224,85248],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85225,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85227,94],{"class":49},[43,85229,98],{"class":97},[43,85231,101],{"class":53},[43,85233,2952],{"class":104},[43,85235,108],{"class":53},[43,85237,1530],{"class":104},[43,85239,108],{"class":53},[43,85241,31569],{"class":104},[43,85243,108],{"class":53},[43,85245,6113],{"class":104},[43,85247,68],{"class":53},[43,85249,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85251,142],{"class":141},[43,85253,145],{"class":53},[43,85255,85047],{"class":141},[43,85257,145],{"class":53},[43,85259,149],{"class":148},[43,85261,2377],{"class":53},[14,85263,349],{},[34,85265,85266],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,85267,85268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85269,85270],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85271,47544],{"class":104},[1499,85273,85275],{"id":85274},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,85276,85277],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,85279,85280],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[34,85282,85284],{"className":36,"code":85283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,85285,85286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85287,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85289,142],{"class":141},[43,85291,145],{"class":53},[43,85293,85047],{"class":141},[43,85295,145],{"class":53},[43,85297,2952],{"class":104},[43,85299,108],{"class":53},[43,85301,1530],{"class":104},[43,85303,108],{"class":53},[43,85305,31569],{"class":104},[43,85307,108],{"class":53},[43,85309,6113],{"class":104},[43,85311,2377],{"class":53},[14,85313,349],{},[34,85315,85316],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,85317,85318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85319,85320],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85321,47544],{"class":104},[1499,85323,85325],{"id":85324},"miniterable-key",[18,85326,85327],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85329,230,85330,85332],{},[18,85331,15466],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[34,85334,85336],{"className":36,"code":85335,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85337,85338,85370],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85341,4685],{"class":49},[43,85343,98],{"class":97},[43,85345,101],{"class":53},[43,85347,265],{"class":264},[43,85349,79131],{"class":268},[43,85351,265],{"class":264},[43,85353,108],{"class":53},[43,85355,276],{"class":264},[43,85357,38968],{"class":268},[43,85359,265],{"class":264},[43,85361,108],{"class":53},[43,85363,276],{"class":264},[43,85365,4703],{"class":268},[43,85367,265],{"class":264},[43,85369,68],{"class":53},[43,85371,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85373,142],{"class":141},[43,85375,145],{"class":53},[43,85377,85047],{"class":141},[43,85379,145],{"class":53},[43,85381,4729],{"class":148},[43,85383,108],{"class":53},[43,85385,22201],{"class":9794},[43,85387,98],{"class":97},[43,85389,2370],{"class":141},[43,85391,2377],{"class":53},[14,85393,349],{},[34,85395,85397],{"className":36,"code":85396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"kiwi\n",[18,85398,85399],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85400,85401],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85402,85396],{"class":49},[14,85404,85405],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85407,85408,85409,85411,85412,79],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,85410,2448],{},", see the ",[269,85413,85414,4120],{"href":42984},[18,85415,2448],{},[1499,85417,85419],{"id":85418},"miniterable-default",[18,85420,85421],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85423,230,85424,85426],{},[18,85425,83323],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[34,85428,85430],{"className":36,"code":85429,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,85431,85432,85440],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85433,85434,85436,85438],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85435,94],{"class":49},[43,85437,98],{"class":97},[43,85439,8456],{"class":53},[43,85441,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85443,142],{"class":141},[43,85445,145],{"class":53},[43,85447,85047],{"class":141},[43,85449,145],{"class":53},[43,85451,149],{"class":148},[43,85453,108],{"class":53},[43,85455,27147],{"class":9794},[43,85457,98],{"class":97},[43,85459,1277],{"class":104},[43,85461,2377],{"class":53},[14,85463,349],{},[34,85465,85466],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,85467,85468],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85469,85470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85471,47879],{"class":104},[14,85473,85474,85475,85477],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85476,1553],{}," when there is no item to return.",[81,85479,2445,85481,85483],{"id":85480},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85482,84622],{}," with numbers",[14,85485,85486,85488],{},[18,85487,84622],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[34,85490,85492],{"className":36,"code":85491,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85493,85494,85519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85495,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85497,5679],{"class":49},[43,85499,98],{"class":97},[43,85501,101],{"class":53},[43,85503,52132],{"class":104},[43,85505,108],{"class":53},[43,85507,85508],{"class":104}," 72",[43,85510,108],{"class":53},[43,85512,29531],{"class":104},[43,85514,108],{"class":53},[43,85516,774],{"class":104},[43,85518,68],{"class":53},[43,85520,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85522,142],{"class":141},[43,85524,145],{"class":53},[43,85526,85047],{"class":141},[43,85528,145],{"class":53},[43,85530,17011],{"class":148},[43,85532,2377],{"class":53},[14,85534,349],{},[34,85536,85538],{"className":36,"code":85537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"60\n",[18,85539,85540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85541,85542],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85543,85537],{"class":104},[14,85545,85546],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[34,85548,85550],{"className":36,"code":85549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85551,85552,85573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85553,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85567,85569,85571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85555,83435],{"class":49},[43,85557,98],{"class":97},[43,85559,101],{"class":53},[43,85561,41025],{"class":104},[43,85563,108],{"class":53},[43,85565,85566],{"class":104}," 5.49",[43,85568,108],{"class":53},[43,85570,83451],{"class":104},[43,85572,68],{"class":53},[43,85574,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85576,142],{"class":141},[43,85578,145],{"class":53},[43,85580,85047],{"class":141},[43,85582,145],{"class":53},[43,85584,83471],{"class":148},[43,85586,2377],{"class":53},[14,85588,349],{},[34,85590,85592],{"className":36,"code":85591,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.49\n",[18,85593,85594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85595,85596],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85597,85591],{"class":104},[14,85599,85600],{},"This is useful for things like:",[389,85602,85603,85605,85607,85610],{},[392,85604,17011],{},[392,85606,83471],{},[392,85608,85609],{},"measurements",[392,85611,85612],{},"ages",[81,85614,2445,85616,47686],{"id":85615},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85617,84622],{},[14,85619,85620,85622],{},[18,85621,84622],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[34,85624,85626],{"className":36,"code":85625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85627,85628,85660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85629,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85631,4685],{"class":49},[43,85633,98],{"class":97},[43,85635,101],{"class":53},[43,85637,265],{"class":264},[43,85639,4703],{"class":268},[43,85641,265],{"class":264},[43,85643,108],{"class":53},[43,85645,276],{"class":264},[43,85647,4694],{"class":268},[43,85649,265],{"class":264},[43,85651,108],{"class":53},[43,85653,276],{"class":264},[43,85655,4712],{"class":268},[43,85657,265],{"class":264},[43,85659,68],{"class":53},[43,85661,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85663,142],{"class":141},[43,85665,145],{"class":53},[43,85667,85047],{"class":141},[43,85669,145],{"class":53},[43,85671,4729],{"class":148},[43,85673,2377],{"class":53},[14,85675,349],{},[34,85677,85679],{"className":36,"code":85678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apple\n",[18,85680,85681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85682,85683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85684,85678],{"class":49},[14,85686,85687],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[34,85689,85691],{"className":36,"code":85690,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85692,85693,85725],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85694,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85696,4685],{"class":49},[43,85698,98],{"class":97},[43,85700,101],{"class":53},[43,85702,265],{"class":264},[43,85704,4703],{"class":268},[43,85706,265],{"class":264},[43,85708,108],{"class":53},[43,85710,276],{"class":264},[43,85712,58394],{"class":268},[43,85714,265],{"class":264},[43,85716,108],{"class":53},[43,85718,276],{"class":264},[43,85720,4712],{"class":268},[43,85722,265],{"class":264},[43,85724,68],{"class":53},[43,85726,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85728,142],{"class":141},[43,85730,145],{"class":53},[43,85732,85047],{"class":141},[43,85734,145],{"class":53},[43,85736,4729],{"class":148},[43,85738,2377],{"class":53},[14,85740,349],{},[34,85742,85744],{"className":36,"code":85743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Apple\n",[18,85745,85746],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85747,85748],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85749,85743],{"class":49},[14,85751,85752],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85754,85755,85756,79],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[269,85757,85758,6399],{"href":75138},[18,85759,75041],{},[81,85761,2445,85763,85765],{"id":85762},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85764,84622],{}," with a key function",[14,85767,1242,85768,85770],{},[18,85769,15466],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85772,12080],{},[389,85774,85775,85780,85785],{},[392,85776,85777,85779],{},[18,85778,15466],{}," changes the comparison rule",[392,85781,85782,85784],{},[18,85783,84622],{}," still returns the original item",[392,85786,85787],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1499,85789,85791],{"id":85790},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[34,85793,85795],{"className":36,"code":85794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85796,85797,85830],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85798,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85826,85828],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85800,4685],{"class":49},[43,85802,98],{"class":97},[43,85804,101],{"class":53},[43,85806,265],{"class":264},[43,85808,68950],{"class":268},[43,85810,265],{"class":264},[43,85812,108],{"class":53},[43,85814,276],{"class":264},[43,85816,37675],{"class":268},[43,85818,265],{"class":264},[43,85820,108],{"class":53},[43,85822,276],{"class":264},[43,85824,85825],{"class":268},"giraffe",[43,85827,265],{"class":264},[43,85829,68],{"class":53},[43,85831,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85833,142],{"class":141},[43,85835,145],{"class":53},[43,85837,85047],{"class":141},[43,85839,145],{"class":53},[43,85841,4729],{"class":148},[43,85843,108],{"class":53},[43,85845,22201],{"class":9794},[43,85847,98],{"class":97},[43,85849,2370],{"class":141},[43,85851,2377],{"class":53},[14,85853,349],{},[34,85855,85857],{"className":36,"code":85856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cat\n",[18,85858,85859],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85860,85861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85862,85856],{"class":49},[1499,85864,85866],{"id":85865},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[34,85868,85870],{"className":36,"code":85869,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85871,85872,85882,85917,85949,85981,85985,85989,86028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85873,85874,85877,85879],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85875,85876],{"class":49},"students ",[43,85878,98],{"class":97},[43,85880,85881],{"class":53}," [\n",[43,85883,85884,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,85885,85886],{"class":53},"    {",[43,85888,265],{"class":264},[43,85890,8286],{"class":268},[43,85892,265],{"class":264},[43,85894,59],{"class":53},[43,85896,276],{"class":264},[43,85898,13505],{"class":268},[43,85900,265],{"class":264},[43,85902,108],{"class":53},[43,85904,276],{"class":264},[43,85906,85907],{"class":268},"score",[43,85909,265],{"class":264},[43,85911,59],{"class":53},[43,85913,14132],{"class":104},[43,85915,85916],{"class":53},"},\n",[43,85918,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,85920,85886],{"class":53},[43,85922,265],{"class":264},[43,85924,8286],{"class":268},[43,85926,265],{"class":264},[43,85928,59],{"class":53},[43,85930,276],{"class":264},[43,85932,36571],{"class":268},[43,85934,265],{"class":264},[43,85936,108],{"class":53},[43,85938,276],{"class":264},[43,85940,85907],{"class":268},[43,85942,265],{"class":264},[43,85944,59],{"class":53},[43,85946,85508],{"class":104},[43,85948,85916],{"class":53},[43,85950,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,85952,85886],{"class":53},[43,85954,265],{"class":264},[43,85956,8286],{"class":268},[43,85958,265],{"class":264},[43,85960,59],{"class":53},[43,85962,276],{"class":264},[43,85964,36580],{"class":268},[43,85966,265],{"class":264},[43,85968,108],{"class":53},[43,85970,276],{"class":264},[43,85972,85907],{"class":268},[43,85974,265],{"class":264},[43,85976,59],{"class":53},[43,85978,20520],{"class":104},[43,85980,9928],{"class":53},[43,85982,85983],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,85984,68],{"class":53},[43,85986,85987],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,85988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,85990,85991,85994,85996,85999,86001,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,85992,85993],{"class":49},"lowest ",[43,85995,98],{"class":97},[43,85997,85998],{"class":141}," min",[43,86000,145],{"class":53},[43,86002,86003],{"class":148},"students",[43,86005,108],{"class":53},[43,86007,22201],{"class":9794},[43,86009,98],{"class":97},[43,86011,38287],{"class":2671},[43,86013,13531],{"class":38290},[43,86015,59],{"class":53},[43,86017,13531],{"class":148},[43,86019,54],{"class":53},[43,86021,265],{"class":264},[43,86023,85907],{"class":268},[43,86025,265],{"class":264},[43,86027,1547],{"class":53},[43,86029,86030,86032,86034,86037],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,86031,142],{"class":141},[43,86033,145],{"class":53},[43,86035,86036],{"class":148},"lowest",[43,86038,346],{"class":53},[14,86040,349],{},[34,86042,86044],{"className":36,"code":86043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,86045,86046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86047,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86049,9897],{"class":53},[43,86051,361],{"class":264},[43,86053,8286],{"class":268},[43,86055,361],{"class":264},[43,86057,59],{"class":53},[43,86059,370],{"class":264},[43,86061,36571],{"class":268},[43,86063,361],{"class":264},[43,86065,108],{"class":53},[43,86067,370],{"class":264},[43,86069,85907],{"class":268},[43,86071,361],{"class":264},[43,86073,59],{"class":53},[43,86075,85508],{"class":104},[43,86077,9928],{"class":53},[14,86079,86080,86081,86084],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,86082,86083],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[81,86086,2445,86088,86090],{"id":86087},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,86089,83323],{}," with empty iterables",[14,86092,86093],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[34,86095,86097],{"className":36,"code":86096,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86098,86099,86107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86100,86101,86103,86105],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86102,94],{"class":49},[43,86104,98],{"class":97},[43,86106,8456],{"class":53},[43,86108,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86110,142],{"class":141},[43,86112,145],{"class":53},[43,86114,85047],{"class":141},[43,86116,145],{"class":53},[43,86118,149],{"class":148},[43,86120,2377],{"class":53},[14,86122,349],{},[34,86124,86126],{"className":36,"code":86125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,86127,86128],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86129,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86131,1553],{"class":3510},[43,86133,59],{"class":53},[43,86135,85998],{"class":141},[43,86137,7983],{"class":53},[43,86139,84293],{"class":49},[43,86141,12817],{"class":97},[43,86143,84298],{"class":49},[14,86145,86146,86147,59],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,86148,83323],{},[34,86150,86152],{"className":36,"code":86151,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,86153,86154,86162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86155,86156,86158,86160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86157,94],{"class":49},[43,86159,98],{"class":97},[43,86161,8456],{"class":53},[43,86163,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86165,142],{"class":141},[43,86167,145],{"class":53},[43,86169,85047],{"class":141},[43,86171,145],{"class":53},[43,86173,149],{"class":148},[43,86175,108],{"class":53},[43,86177,27147],{"class":9794},[43,86179,98],{"class":97},[43,86181,4391],{"class":4466},[43,86183,2377],{"class":53},[14,86185,349],{},[34,86187,86188],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86189,86190],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86191,86192],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86193,12431],{"class":4466},[14,86195,86196],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,86198,86199],{},"Remember:",[389,86201,86202,86210],{},[392,86203,86204,86206,86207,86209],{},[18,86205,83323],{}," works only when ",[18,86208,84622],{}," gets one iterable argument",[392,86211,86212,86213],{},"It does not work with ",[18,86214,86215],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,86217,86218,86219,79],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[269,86220,66463],{"href":73497},[81,86222,11365],{"id":11364},[14,86224,57403,86225,79],{},[18,86226,84622],{},[1499,86228,86230,86231],{"id":86229},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,86232,83323],{},[14,86234,3611,86235,59],{},[18,86236,1553],{},[34,86238,86240],{"className":36,"code":86239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,86241,86242,86250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86243,86244,86246,86248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86245,8398],{"class":49},[43,86247,98],{"class":97},[43,86249,8456],{"class":53},[43,86251,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86253,142],{"class":141},[43,86255,145],{"class":53},[43,86257,85047],{"class":141},[43,86259,145],{"class":53},[43,86261,8427],{"class":148},[43,86263,2377],{"class":53},[14,86265,86266],{},"Fix it by:",[389,86268,86269,86272],{},[392,86270,86271],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[392,86273,86274,86275],{},"or using ",[18,86276,83323],{},[34,86278,86280],{"className":36,"code":86279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,86281,86282,86290],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86283,86284,86286,86288],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86285,8398],{"class":49},[43,86287,98],{"class":97},[43,86289,8456],{"class":53},[43,86291,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308,86310,86313,86315],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86293,142],{"class":141},[43,86295,145],{"class":53},[43,86297,85047],{"class":141},[43,86299,145],{"class":53},[43,86301,8427],{"class":148},[43,86303,108],{"class":53},[43,86305,27147],{"class":9794},[43,86307,98],{"class":97},[43,86309,265],{"class":264},[43,86311,86312],{"class":268},"no items",[43,86314,265],{"class":264},[43,86316,2377],{"class":53},[1499,86318,86320],{"id":86319},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86322,86323],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[34,86325,86327],{"className":36,"code":86326,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,86328,86329,86353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86330,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86332,9784],{"class":49},[43,86334,98],{"class":97},[43,86336,101],{"class":53},[43,86338,105],{"class":104},[43,86340,108],{"class":53},[43,86342,276],{"class":264},[43,86344,618],{"class":268},[43,86346,265],{"class":264},[43,86348,108],{"class":53},[43,86350,5221],{"class":104},[43,86352,68],{"class":53},[43,86354,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86356,142],{"class":141},[43,86358,145],{"class":53},[43,86360,85047],{"class":141},[43,86362,145],{"class":53},[43,86364,9823],{"class":148},[43,86366,2377],{"class":53},[14,86368,349],{},[34,86370,86372],{"className":36,"code":86371,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError\n",[18,86373,86374],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86375,86376],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86377,86371],{"class":3510},[14,86379,86380],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86382,86383,86384,79],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,86385,84622],{},[34,86387,86389],{"className":36,"code":86388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86390,86391,86415,86441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86392,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86394,9784],{"class":49},[43,86396,98],{"class":97},[43,86398,101],{"class":53},[43,86400,105],{"class":104},[43,86402,108],{"class":53},[43,86404,276],{"class":264},[43,86406,618],{"class":268},[43,86408,265],{"class":264},[43,86410,108],{"class":53},[43,86412,5221],{"class":104},[43,86414,68],{"class":53},[43,86416,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86418,94],{"class":49},[43,86420,98],{"class":97},[43,86422,101],{"class":53},[43,86424,2795],{"class":3510},[43,86426,145],{"class":53},[43,86428,2780],{"class":148},[43,86430,4272],{"class":53},[43,86432,4492],{"class":4491},[43,86434,4495],{"class":49},[43,86436,4498],{"class":4491},[43,86438,15191],{"class":49},[43,86440,68],{"class":53},[43,86442,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,86444,142],{"class":141},[43,86446,145],{"class":53},[43,86448,85047],{"class":141},[43,86450,145],{"class":53},[43,86452,149],{"class":148},[43,86454,2377],{"class":53},[14,86456,349],{},[34,86458,86459],{"className":36,"code":3556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86460,86461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86462,86463],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86464,3556],{"class":104},[14,86466,86467,86468,79],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86469,3614],{},[1499,86471,86473],{"id":86472},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86475,86476],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[34,86478,86480],{"className":36,"code":86479,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86481,86482,86514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86483,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86485,4685],{"class":49},[43,86487,98],{"class":97},[43,86489,101],{"class":53},[43,86491,265],{"class":264},[43,86493,79947],{"class":268},[43,86495,265],{"class":264},[43,86497,108],{"class":53},[43,86499,276],{"class":264},[43,86501,58394],{"class":268},[43,86503,265],{"class":264},[43,86505,108],{"class":53},[43,86507,276],{"class":264},[43,86509,79964],{"class":268},[43,86511,265],{"class":264},[43,86513,68],{"class":53},[43,86515,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86517,142],{"class":141},[43,86519,145],{"class":53},[43,86521,85047],{"class":141},[43,86523,145],{"class":53},[43,86525,4729],{"class":148},[43,86527,2377],{"class":53},[14,86529,349],{},[34,86531,86532],{"className":36,"code":85743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86533,86534],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86535,86536],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86537,85743],{"class":49},[14,86539,86540],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[34,86542,86544],{"className":36,"code":86543,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86545,86546,86578],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86547,86548,86550,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86549,4685],{"class":49},[43,86551,98],{"class":97},[43,86553,101],{"class":53},[43,86555,265],{"class":264},[43,86557,79947],{"class":268},[43,86559,265],{"class":264},[43,86561,108],{"class":53},[43,86563,276],{"class":264},[43,86565,58394],{"class":268},[43,86567,265],{"class":264},[43,86569,108],{"class":53},[43,86571,276],{"class":264},[43,86573,79964],{"class":268},[43,86575,265],{"class":264},[43,86577,68],{"class":53},[43,86579,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86581,142],{"class":141},[43,86583,145],{"class":53},[43,86585,85047],{"class":141},[43,86587,145],{"class":53},[43,86589,4729],{"class":148},[43,86591,108],{"class":53},[43,86593,22201],{"class":9794},[43,86595,98],{"class":97},[43,86597,4054],{"class":3510},[43,86599,79],{"class":53},[43,86601,9259],{"class":25373},[43,86603,2377],{"class":53},[14,86605,349],{},[34,86607,86608],{"className":36,"code":85743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86609,86610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86611,86612],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86613,85743],{"class":49},[14,86615,86616],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[81,86618,5576,86620],{"id":86619},"when-to-use-min",[18,86621,84622],{},[14,86623,230,86624,11221],{},[18,86625,84622],{},[389,86627,86628,86631,86636],{},[392,86629,86630],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[392,86632,86633,86634],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86635,15466],{},[392,86637,86638],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86640,230,86641,86645],{},[269,86642,86643],{"href":75138},[18,86644,75041],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86647,230,86648,86653],{},[269,86649,86651],{"href":86650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86652,82968],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[81,86655,3438],{"id":3437},[14,86657,84627],{},[389,86659,86660,86668,86671,86676,86683],{},[392,86661,86662,86663,86665,86666],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86664,84622],{}," without using ",[18,86667,83323],{},[392,86669,86670],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[392,86672,9071,86673,86675],{},[18,86674,84622],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[392,86677,1849,86678,86680,86681,85784],{},[18,86679,15466],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86682,84622],{},[392,86684,2445,86685,86687],{},[18,86686,83323],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86689,86690,86691,86693],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86692,84622],{},", these quick checks can help:",[34,86695,86697],{"className":36,"code":86696,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86698,86699,86713,86723,86737,86751,86773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86700,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86702,142],{"class":141},[43,86704,145],{"class":53},[43,86706,3832],{"class":3510},[43,86708,145],{"class":53},[43,86710,9823],{"class":148},[43,86712,2377],{"class":53},[43,86714,86715,86717,86719,86721],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,86716,142],{"class":141},[43,86718,145],{"class":53},[43,86720,9823],{"class":148},[43,86722,346],{"class":53},[43,86724,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,86726,142],{"class":141},[43,86728,145],{"class":53},[43,86730,2370],{"class":141},[43,86732,145],{"class":53},[43,86734,9823],{"class":148},[43,86736,2377],{"class":53},[43,86738,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,86740,142],{"class":141},[43,86742,145],{"class":53},[43,86744,85047],{"class":141},[43,86746,145],{"class":53},[43,86748,9823],{"class":148},[43,86750,2377],{"class":53},[43,86752,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,86754,142],{"class":141},[43,86756,145],{"class":53},[43,86758,85047],{"class":141},[43,86760,145],{"class":53},[43,86762,9823],{"class":148},[43,86764,108],{"class":53},[43,86766,27147],{"class":9794},[43,86768,98],{"class":97},[43,86770,4391],{"class":4466},[43,86772,2377],{"class":53},[43,86774,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,86776,142],{"class":141},[43,86778,145],{"class":53},[43,86780,85047],{"class":141},[43,86782,145],{"class":53},[43,86784,4729],{"class":148},[43,86786,108],{"class":53},[43,86788,22201],{"class":9794},[43,86790,98],{"class":97},[43,86792,2370],{"class":141},[43,86794,2377],{"class":53},[14,86796,86797,86798,86801,86802,86804],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86799,86800],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86803,9823],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[81,86806,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,86808,2476,86810,5759],{"id":86809},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86811,84622],{},[14,86813,86814],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1499,86816,5784,86818,84803],{"id":86817},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86819,84622],{},[14,86821,86822],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1499,86824,72265],{"id":72264},[14,86826,86827,53122,86829,84815,86831,37250],{},[18,86828,84622],{},[18,86830,1553],{},[18,86832,83323],{},[1499,86834,2476,86836,86838,86839,2490],{"id":86835},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86837,15466],{}," do in ",[18,86840,84622],{},[14,86842,86843,86845,86846,86848],{},[18,86844,15466],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86847,83876],{}," compares strings by length.",[1499,86850,5794,86852,1233,86854,2490],{"id":86851},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86853,84622],{},[18,86855,75041],{},[14,86857,86858,86860,86861,86863],{},[18,86859,84622],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86862,75041],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[81,86865,2497],{"id":2496},[389,86867,86868,86874,86880,86886,86890,86894],{},[392,86869,86870],{},[269,86871,86872,4120],{"href":86650},[18,86873,82968],{},[392,86875,86876],{},[269,86877,86878,4120],{"href":75138},[18,86879,75041],{},[392,86881,86882],{},[269,86883,86884,4120],{"href":42984},[18,86885,2448],{},[392,86887,86888],{},[269,86889,80260],{"href":78763},[392,86891,86892],{},[269,86893,59582],{"href":59581},[392,86895,86896],{},[269,86897,66463],{"href":73497},[2536,86899,86900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":86902},[86903,86904,86906,86912,86914,86916,86921,86923,86929,86931,86932,86943],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":85106,"depth":131,"text":86905},"What min() does",{"id":85127,"depth":131,"text":85128,"children":86907},[86908,86909,86910,86911],{"id":85212,"depth":138,"text":85215},{"id":85274,"depth":138,"text":85277},{"id":85324,"depth":138,"text":85327},{"id":85418,"depth":138,"text":85421},{"id":85480,"depth":131,"text":86913},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85615,"depth":131,"text":86915},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85762,"depth":131,"text":86917,"children":86918},"Using min() with a key function",[86919,86920],{"id":85790,"depth":138,"text":85791},{"id":85865,"depth":138,"text":85866},{"id":86087,"depth":131,"text":86922},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11364,"depth":131,"text":11365,"children":86924},[86925,86927,86928],{"id":86229,"depth":138,"text":86926},"Empty list without default",{"id":86319,"depth":138,"text":86320},{"id":86472,"depth":138,"text":86473},{"id":86619,"depth":131,"text":86930},"When to use min()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":86933},[86934,86936,86938,86939,86941],{"id":86809,"depth":138,"text":86935},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86817,"depth":138,"text":86937},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72264,"depth":138,"text":72265},{"id":86835,"depth":138,"text":86940},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86851,"depth":138,"text":86942},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84989,"description":86944},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86951,"title":86952,"body":86953,"description":89132,"extension":2572,"meta":89133,"navigation":134,"path":89134,"seo":89135,"stem":89136,"__hash__":89137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86954,"toc":89096},[86955,86958,86964,86970,86972,87053,87062,87066,87071,87073,87118,87120,87200,87206,87208,87211,87243,87245,87263,87265,87338,87340,87359,87363,87366,87402,87404,87471,87545,87618,87623,87627,87633,87636,87653,87656,87658,87719,87721,87741,87747,87751,87754,87824,87827,87846,87851,87927,87930,87934,87940,87944,87949,88019,88023,88028,88102,88106,88109,88184,88195,88199,88204,88294,88299,88367,88370,88389,88400,88404,88407,88412,88415,88477,88480,88491,88496,88499,88502,88507,88510,88513,88517,88520,88526,88529,88540,88542,88604,88619,88625,88628,88631,88642,88653,88659,88662,88664,88726,88736,88742,88747,88753,88757,88763,88766,88787,88789,88794,88821,88824,88851,88854,88893,88896,88934,88937,88998,89001,89003,89007,89010,89014,89020,89028,89036,89040,89043,89047,89053,89055,89093],[10,86956,86952],{"id":86957},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86959,86960,86963],{},[18,86961,86962],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86965,86966,86967,86969],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86968,86962],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[81,86971,84],{"id":83},[34,86973,86975],{"className":36,"code":86974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86976,86977,87026,87042],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86978,86979,86982,86985,86987,86989,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87007,87009,87011,87014,87016,87018,87020,87024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86980,86981],{"class":4491},"with",[43,86983,86984],{"class":141}," open",[43,86986,145],{"class":53},[43,86988,265],{"class":264},[43,86990,86991],{"class":268},"example.txt",[43,86993,265],{"class":264},[43,86995,108],{"class":53},[43,86997,276],{"class":264},[43,86999,61131],{"class":268},[43,87001,265],{"class":264},[43,87003,108],{"class":53},[43,87005,87006],{"class":9794}," encoding",[43,87008,98],{"class":97},[43,87010,265],{"class":264},[43,87012,87013],{"class":268},"utf-8",[43,87015,265],{"class":264},[43,87017,4272],{"class":53},[43,87019,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87021,87023],{"class":87022},"sMMDD"," file",[43,87025,7009],{"class":53},[43,87027,87028,87031,87033,87035,87037,87040],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87029,87030],{"class":49},"    content ",[43,87032,98],{"class":97},[43,87034,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87036,79],{"class":53},[43,87038,87039],{"class":148},"read",[43,87041,9262],{"class":53},[43,87043,87044,87046,87048,87051],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87045,8687],{"class":141},[43,87047,145],{"class":53},[43,87049,87050],{"class":148},"content",[43,87052,346],{"class":53},[14,87054,230,87055,87057,87058,87061],{},[18,87056,86981],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,87059,87060],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[81,87063,87065],{"id":87064},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,87067,87068,87070],{},[18,87069,86962],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,87072,12080],{},[389,87074,87075,87078,87083,87088],{},[392,87076,87077],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[392,87079,1954,87080,87082],{},[76,87081,1957],{}," read or write anything by itself",[392,87084,18043,87085],{},[76,87086,87087],{},"file object",[392,87089,87090,87091],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[389,87092,87093,87098,87103,87108,87113],{},[392,87094,87095],{},[18,87096,87097],{},"read()",[392,87099,87100],{},[18,87101,87102],{},"readline()",[392,87104,87105],{},[18,87106,87107],{},"readlines()",[392,87109,87110],{},[18,87111,87112],{},"write()",[392,87114,87115],{},[18,87116,87117],{},"close()",[14,87119,494],{},[34,87121,87123],{"className":36,"code":87122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,87124,87125,87164,87179,87189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87126,87127,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87128,87129],{"class":87022},"file",[43,87131,13901],{"class":97},[43,87133,86984],{"class":141},[43,87135,145],{"class":53},[43,87137,265],{"class":264},[43,87139,86991],{"class":268},[43,87141,265],{"class":264},[43,87143,108],{"class":53},[43,87145,276],{"class":264},[43,87147,61131],{"class":268},[43,87149,265],{"class":264},[43,87151,108],{"class":53},[43,87153,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87155,98],{"class":97},[43,87157,265],{"class":264},[43,87159,87013],{"class":268},[43,87161,265],{"class":264},[43,87163,346],{"class":53},[43,87165,87166,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87167,87168],{"class":49},"content ",[43,87170,98],{"class":97},[43,87172,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87174,79],{"class":53},[43,87176,87039],{"class":148},[43,87178,9262],{"class":53},[43,87180,87181,87183,87185,87187],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87182,142],{"class":141},[43,87184,145],{"class":53},[43,87186,87050],{"class":148},[43,87188,346],{"class":53},[43,87190,87191,87193,87195,87198],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,87192,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87194,79],{"class":53},[43,87196,87197],{"class":148},"close",[43,87199,9262],{"class":53},[14,87201,87202,87203,87205],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,87204,86981],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[81,87207,2763],{"id":2762},[14,87209,87210],{},"A common form is:",[34,87212,87214],{"className":36,"code":87213,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,87215,87216],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87217,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87219,43052],{"class":141},[43,87221,145],{"class":53},[43,87223,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87225,108],{"class":53},[43,87227,87228],{"class":148}," mode",[43,87230,108],{"class":53},[43,87232,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87234,98],{"class":97},[43,87236,265],{"class":264},[43,87238,87013],{"class":268},[43,87240,265],{"class":264},[43,87242,346],{"class":53},[14,87244,451],{},[389,87246,87247,87252,87257],{},[392,87248,87249,87251],{},[18,87250,87129],{}," is the file name or file path",[392,87253,87254,87256],{},[18,87255,21540],{}," controls how the file is opened",[392,87258,87259,87262],{},[18,87260,87261],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,87264,494],{},[34,87266,87268],{"className":36,"code":87267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,87269,87270,87313,87328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87271,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87273,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87275,86984],{"class":141},[43,87277,145],{"class":53},[43,87279,265],{"class":264},[43,87281,87282],{"class":268},"notes.txt",[43,87284,265],{"class":264},[43,87286,108],{"class":53},[43,87288,276],{"class":264},[43,87290,61131],{"class":268},[43,87292,265],{"class":264},[43,87294,108],{"class":53},[43,87296,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87298,98],{"class":97},[43,87300,265],{"class":264},[43,87302,87013],{"class":268},[43,87304,265],{"class":264},[43,87306,4272],{"class":53},[43,87308,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87310,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87312,7009],{"class":53},[43,87314,87315,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87316,87317],{"class":49},"    text ",[43,87319,98],{"class":97},[43,87321,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87323,79],{"class":53},[43,87325,87039],{"class":148},[43,87327,9262],{"class":53},[43,87329,87330,87332,87334,87336],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87331,8687],{"class":141},[43,87333,145],{"class":53},[43,87335,35337],{"class":148},[43,87337,346],{"class":53},[14,87339,20579],{},[389,87341,87342,87348,87353],{},[392,87343,87344,87347],{},[18,87345,87346],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[392,87349,87350,87352],{},[18,87351,87060],{}," means open for reading",[392,87354,87355,87358],{},[18,87356,87357],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[81,87360,87362],{"id":87361},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87364,87365],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[389,87367,87368,87373,87379,87384,87390,87396],{},[392,87369,87370,87372],{},[18,87371,87060],{}," = read a text file",[392,87374,87375,87378],{},[18,87376,87377],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[392,87380,87381,87383],{},[18,87382,18718],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[392,87385,87386,87389],{},[18,87387,87388],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[392,87391,87392,87395],{},[18,87393,87394],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[392,87397,87398,87401],{},[18,87399,87400],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87403,2731],{},[34,87405,87407],{"className":36,"code":87406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87408,87409,87414,87457],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87410,87411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87412,87413],{"class":165},"# Read a text file\n",[43,87415,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87417,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87419,86984],{"class":141},[43,87421,145],{"class":53},[43,87423,265],{"class":264},[43,87425,87426],{"class":268},"data.txt",[43,87428,265],{"class":264},[43,87430,108],{"class":53},[43,87432,276],{"class":264},[43,87434,61131],{"class":268},[43,87436,265],{"class":264},[43,87438,108],{"class":53},[43,87440,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87442,98],{"class":97},[43,87444,265],{"class":264},[43,87446,87013],{"class":268},[43,87448,265],{"class":264},[43,87450,4272],{"class":53},[43,87452,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87454,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87456,7009],{"class":53},[43,87458,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87460,8687],{"class":141},[43,87462,145],{"class":53},[43,87464,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87466,79],{"class":53},[43,87468,87039],{"class":148},[43,87470,7811],{"class":53},[34,87472,87474],{"className":36,"code":87473,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87475,87476,87481,87523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87477,87478],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87479,87480],{"class":165},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[43,87482,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87484,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87486,86984],{"class":141},[43,87488,145],{"class":53},[43,87490,265],{"class":264},[43,87492,87426],{"class":268},[43,87494,265],{"class":264},[43,87496,108],{"class":53},[43,87498,276],{"class":264},[43,87500,61114],{"class":268},[43,87502,265],{"class":264},[43,87504,108],{"class":53},[43,87506,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87508,98],{"class":97},[43,87510,265],{"class":264},[43,87512,87013],{"class":268},[43,87514,265],{"class":264},[43,87516,4272],{"class":53},[43,87518,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87520,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87522,7009],{"class":53},[43,87524,87525,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87541,87543],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87526,87527],{"class":87022},"    file",[43,87529,79],{"class":53},[43,87531,70815],{"class":148},[43,87533,145],{"class":53},[43,87535,265],{"class":264},[43,87537,35496],{"class":268},[43,87539,87540],{"class":35081},"\\n",[43,87542,265],{"class":264},[43,87544,346],{"class":53},[34,87546,87548],{"className":36,"code":87547,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87549,87550,87555,87597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87551,87552],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87553,87554],{"class":165},"# Append to a text file\n",[43,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87558,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87560,86984],{"class":141},[43,87562,145],{"class":53},[43,87564,265],{"class":264},[43,87566,87426],{"class":268},[43,87568,265],{"class":264},[43,87570,108],{"class":53},[43,87572,276],{"class":264},[43,87574,269],{"class":268},[43,87576,265],{"class":264},[43,87578,108],{"class":53},[43,87580,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87582,98],{"class":97},[43,87584,265],{"class":264},[43,87586,87013],{"class":268},[43,87588,265],{"class":264},[43,87590,4272],{"class":53},[43,87592,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87594,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87596,7009],{"class":53},[43,87598,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87612,87614,87616],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87600,87527],{"class":87022},[43,87602,79],{"class":53},[43,87604,70815],{"class":148},[43,87606,145],{"class":53},[43,87608,265],{"class":264},[43,87610,87611],{"class":268},"Another line",[43,87613,87540],{"class":35081},[43,87615,265],{"class":264},[43,87617,346],{"class":53},[14,87619,69969,87620,87622],{},[18,87621,87377],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[81,87624,87626],{"id":87625},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87628,87629,22597,87631,79],{},[18,87630,86962],{},[76,87632,87087],{},[14,87634,87635],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[389,87637,87638,87643,87648],{},[392,87639,87640],{},[18,87641,87642],{},"file.read()",[392,87644,87645],{},[18,87646,87647],{},"file.write()",[392,87649,87650],{},[18,87651,87652],{},"file.close()",[14,87654,87655],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87657,494],{},[34,87659,87661],{"className":36,"code":87660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87662,87663,87705],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87664,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87666,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87668,86984],{"class":141},[43,87670,145],{"class":53},[43,87672,265],{"class":264},[43,87674,86991],{"class":268},[43,87676,265],{"class":264},[43,87678,108],{"class":53},[43,87680,276],{"class":264},[43,87682,61131],{"class":268},[43,87684,265],{"class":264},[43,87686,108],{"class":53},[43,87688,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87690,98],{"class":97},[43,87692,265],{"class":264},[43,87694,87013],{"class":268},[43,87696,265],{"class":264},[43,87698,4272],{"class":53},[43,87700,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87702,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87704,7009],{"class":53},[43,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87708,8687],{"class":141},[43,87710,145],{"class":53},[43,87712,3832],{"class":3510},[43,87714,145],{"class":53},[43,87716,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87718,2377],{"class":53},[14,87720,30655],{},[34,87722,87724],{"className":36,"code":87723,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87725,87726],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87727,87728,87730,87732,87734,87737,87739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87729,3901],{"class":97},[43,87731,3904],{"class":2671},[43,87733,370],{"class":264},[43,87735,87736],{"class":268},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[43,87738,361],{"class":264},[43,87740,3913],{"class":97},[14,87742,87743,87744,87746],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87745,86962],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[81,87748,87750],{"id":87749},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87752,87753],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[34,87755,87756],{"className":36,"code":86974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87757,87758,87800,87814],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87759,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87761,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87763,86984],{"class":141},[43,87765,145],{"class":53},[43,87767,265],{"class":264},[43,87769,86991],{"class":268},[43,87771,265],{"class":264},[43,87773,108],{"class":53},[43,87775,276],{"class":264},[43,87777,61131],{"class":268},[43,87779,265],{"class":264},[43,87781,108],{"class":53},[43,87783,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87785,98],{"class":97},[43,87787,265],{"class":264},[43,87789,87013],{"class":268},[43,87791,265],{"class":264},[43,87793,4272],{"class":53},[43,87795,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87797,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87799,7009],{"class":53},[43,87801,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87803,87030],{"class":49},[43,87805,98],{"class":97},[43,87807,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87809,79],{"class":53},[43,87811,87039],{"class":148},[43,87813,9262],{"class":53},[43,87815,87816,87818,87820,87822],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87817,8687],{"class":141},[43,87819,145],{"class":53},[43,87821,87050],{"class":148},[43,87823,346],{"class":53},[14,87825,87826],{},"Why this is recommended:",[389,87828,87829,87834,87840,87843],{},[392,87830,87831,87833],{},[18,87832,86981],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[392,87835,87836,87837,87839],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87838,87117],{}," yourself",[392,87841,87842],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[392,87844,87845],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87847,84139,87848,87850],{},[18,87849,86981],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[34,87852,87853],{"className":36,"code":87122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87854,87855,87893,87907,87917],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87856,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87858,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87860,13901],{"class":97},[43,87862,86984],{"class":141},[43,87864,145],{"class":53},[43,87866,265],{"class":264},[43,87868,86991],{"class":268},[43,87870,265],{"class":264},[43,87872,108],{"class":53},[43,87874,276],{"class":264},[43,87876,61131],{"class":268},[43,87878,265],{"class":264},[43,87880,108],{"class":53},[43,87882,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87884,98],{"class":97},[43,87886,265],{"class":264},[43,87888,87013],{"class":268},[43,87890,265],{"class":264},[43,87892,346],{"class":53},[43,87894,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87896,87168],{"class":49},[43,87898,98],{"class":97},[43,87900,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87902,79],{"class":53},[43,87904,87039],{"class":148},[43,87906,9262],{"class":53},[43,87908,87909,87911,87913,87915],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,87910,142],{"class":141},[43,87912,145],{"class":53},[43,87914,87050],{"class":148},[43,87916,346],{"class":53},[43,87918,87919,87921,87923,87925],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,87920,87129],{"class":87022},[43,87922,79],{"class":53},[43,87924,87197],{"class":148},[43,87926,9262],{"class":53},[14,87928,87929],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[81,87931,87933],{"id":87932},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87935,87936,87937,87939],{},"Use mode ",[18,87938,87060],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1499,87941,87943],{"id":87942},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87945,87946,87948],{},[18,87947,87097],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[34,87950,87951],{"className":36,"code":86974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87952,87953,87995,88009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87954,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87956,86981],{"class":4491},[43,87958,86984],{"class":141},[43,87960,145],{"class":53},[43,87962,265],{"class":264},[43,87964,86991],{"class":268},[43,87966,265],{"class":264},[43,87968,108],{"class":53},[43,87970,276],{"class":264},[43,87972,61131],{"class":268},[43,87974,265],{"class":264},[43,87976,108],{"class":53},[43,87978,87006],{"class":9794},[43,87980,98],{"class":97},[43,87982,265],{"class":264},[43,87984,87013],{"class":268},[43,87986,265],{"class":264},[43,87988,4272],{"class":53},[43,87990,47985],{"class":4491},[43,87992,87023],{"class":87022},[43,87994,7009],{"class":53},[43,87996,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,87998,87030],{"class":49},[43,88000,98],{"class":97},[43,88002,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88004,79],{"class":53},[43,88006,87039],{"class":148},[43,88008,9262],{"class":53},[43,88010,88011,88013,88015,88017],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,88012,8687],{"class":141},[43,88014,145],{"class":53},[43,88016,87050],{"class":148},[43,88018,346],{"class":53},[1499,88020,88022],{"id":88021},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,88024,88025,88027],{},[18,88026,87102],{}," reads one line at a time.",[34,88029,88031],{"className":36,"code":88030,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,88032,88033,88075,88091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88034,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88036,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88038,86984],{"class":141},[43,88040,145],{"class":53},[43,88042,265],{"class":264},[43,88044,86991],{"class":268},[43,88046,265],{"class":264},[43,88048,108],{"class":53},[43,88050,276],{"class":264},[43,88052,61131],{"class":268},[43,88054,265],{"class":264},[43,88056,108],{"class":53},[43,88058,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88060,98],{"class":97},[43,88062,265],{"class":264},[43,88064,87013],{"class":268},[43,88066,265],{"class":264},[43,88068,4272],{"class":53},[43,88070,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88072,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88074,7009],{"class":53},[43,88076,88077,88080,88082,88084,88086,88089],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88078,88079],{"class":49},"    first_line ",[43,88081,98],{"class":97},[43,88083,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88085,79],{"class":53},[43,88087,88088],{"class":148},"readline",[43,88090,9262],{"class":53},[43,88092,88093,88095,88097,88100],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,88094,8687],{"class":141},[43,88096,145],{"class":53},[43,88098,88099],{"class":148},"first_line",[43,88101,346],{"class":53},[1499,88103,88105],{"id":88104},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,88107,88108],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[34,88110,88112],{"className":36,"code":88111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,88113,88114,88156,88170],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88115,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88117,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88119,86984],{"class":141},[43,88121,145],{"class":53},[43,88123,265],{"class":264},[43,88125,86991],{"class":268},[43,88127,265],{"class":264},[43,88129,108],{"class":53},[43,88131,276],{"class":264},[43,88133,61131],{"class":268},[43,88135,265],{"class":264},[43,88137,108],{"class":53},[43,88139,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88141,98],{"class":97},[43,88143,265],{"class":264},[43,88145,87013],{"class":268},[43,88147,265],{"class":264},[43,88149,4272],{"class":53},[43,88151,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88153,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88155,7009],{"class":53},[43,88157,88158,88161,88164,88166,88168],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88159,88160],{"class":4491},"    for",[43,88162,88163],{"class":49}," line ",[43,88165,4498],{"class":4491},[43,88167,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88169,7009],{"class":53},[43,88171,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,88173,47965],{"class":141},[43,88175,145],{"class":53},[43,88177,45],{"class":148},[43,88179,79],{"class":53},[43,88181,9253],{"class":148},[43,88183,7811],{"class":53},[14,88185,88186,88187,3486,88191,79],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[269,88188,88190],{"href":88189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[269,88192,88194],{"href":88193},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[81,88196,88198],{"id":88197},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,88200,230,88201,88203],{},[18,88202,87377],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[34,88205,88207],{"className":36,"code":88206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,88208,88209,88252,88273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88210,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88212,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88214,86984],{"class":141},[43,88216,145],{"class":53},[43,88218,265],{"class":264},[43,88220,88221],{"class":268},"output.txt",[43,88223,265],{"class":264},[43,88225,108],{"class":53},[43,88227,276],{"class":264},[43,88229,61114],{"class":268},[43,88231,265],{"class":264},[43,88233,108],{"class":53},[43,88235,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88237,98],{"class":97},[43,88239,265],{"class":264},[43,88241,87013],{"class":268},[43,88243,265],{"class":264},[43,88245,4272],{"class":53},[43,88247,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88249,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88251,7009],{"class":53},[43,88253,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88267,88269,88271],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88255,87527],{"class":87022},[43,88257,79],{"class":53},[43,88259,70815],{"class":148},[43,88261,145],{"class":53},[43,88263,265],{"class":264},[43,88265,88266],{"class":268},"First line",[43,88268,87540],{"class":35081},[43,88270,265],{"class":264},[43,88272,346],{"class":53},[43,88274,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88288,88290,88292],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,88276,87527],{"class":87022},[43,88278,79],{"class":53},[43,88280,70815],{"class":148},[43,88282,145],{"class":53},[43,88284,265],{"class":264},[43,88286,88287],{"class":268},"Second line",[43,88289,87540],{"class":35081},[43,88291,265],{"class":264},[43,88293,346],{"class":53},[14,88295,230,88296,88298],{},[18,88297,18718],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[34,88300,88302],{"className":36,"code":88301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,88303,88304,88346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88305,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88307,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88309,86984],{"class":141},[43,88311,145],{"class":53},[43,88313,265],{"class":264},[43,88315,88221],{"class":268},[43,88317,265],{"class":264},[43,88319,108],{"class":53},[43,88321,276],{"class":264},[43,88323,269],{"class":268},[43,88325,265],{"class":264},[43,88327,108],{"class":53},[43,88329,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88331,98],{"class":97},[43,88333,265],{"class":264},[43,88335,87013],{"class":268},[43,88337,265],{"class":264},[43,88339,4272],{"class":53},[43,88341,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88343,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88345,7009],{"class":53},[43,88347,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88361,88363,88365],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88349,87527],{"class":87022},[43,88351,79],{"class":53},[43,88353,70815],{"class":148},[43,88355,145],{"class":53},[43,88357,265],{"class":264},[43,88359,88360],{"class":268},"Third line",[43,88362,87540],{"class":35081},[43,88364,265],{"class":264},[43,88366,346],{"class":53},[14,88368,88369],{},"Important detail:",[389,88371,88372,88377,88384],{},[392,88373,88374,88376],{},[18,88375,87112],{}," writes a string",[392,88378,88379,14678,88381,88383],{},[18,88380,87112],{},[76,88382,1957],{}," add a newline for you",[392,88385,88386,88387,87839],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,88388,87540],{},[14,88390,88391,88392,3486,88396,79],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[269,88393,88395],{"href":88394},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[269,88397,88399],{"href":88398},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[81,88401,88403],{"id":88402},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88405,88406],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1499,88408,88410],{"id":88409},"encodingutf-8",[18,88411,87357],{},[14,88413,88414],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[34,88416,88418],{"className":36,"code":88417,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88419,88420,88463],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88421,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88423,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88425,86984],{"class":141},[43,88427,145],{"class":53},[43,88429,265],{"class":264},[43,88431,88432],{"class":268},"message.txt",[43,88434,265],{"class":264},[43,88436,108],{"class":53},[43,88438,276],{"class":264},[43,88440,61131],{"class":268},[43,88442,265],{"class":264},[43,88444,108],{"class":53},[43,88446,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88448,98],{"class":97},[43,88450,265],{"class":264},[43,88452,87013],{"class":268},[43,88454,265],{"class":264},[43,88456,4272],{"class":53},[43,88458,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88460,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88462,7009],{"class":53},[43,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88466,8687],{"class":141},[43,88468,145],{"class":53},[43,88470,87129],{"class":87022},[43,88472,79],{"class":53},[43,88474,87039],{"class":148},[43,88476,7811],{"class":53},[14,88478,88479],{},"Why it matters:",[389,88481,88482,88485,88488],{},[392,88483,88484],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[392,88486,88487],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[392,88489,88490],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1499,88492,88494],{"id":88493},"newline",[18,88495,88493],{},[14,88497,88498],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88500,88501],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1499,88503,88505],{"id":88504},"buffering",[18,88506,88504],{},[14,88508,88509],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88511,88512],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[81,88514,88516],{"id":88515},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88518,88519],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1499,88521,88523],{"id":88522},"filenotfounderror",[18,88524,88525],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88527,88528],{},"This happens when:",[389,88530,88531,88534,88537],{},[392,88532,88533],{},"the file does not exist",[392,88535,88536],{},"the path is wrong",[392,88538,88539],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88541,494],{},[34,88543,88545],{"className":36,"code":88544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88546,88547,88590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88548,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88550,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88552,86984],{"class":141},[43,88554,145],{"class":53},[43,88556,265],{"class":264},[43,88558,88559],{"class":268},"missing.txt",[43,88561,265],{"class":264},[43,88563,108],{"class":53},[43,88565,276],{"class":264},[43,88567,61131],{"class":268},[43,88569,265],{"class":264},[43,88571,108],{"class":53},[43,88573,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88575,98],{"class":97},[43,88577,265],{"class":264},[43,88579,87013],{"class":268},[43,88581,265],{"class":264},[43,88583,4272],{"class":53},[43,88585,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88587,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88589,7009],{"class":53},[43,88591,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88593,8687],{"class":141},[43,88595,145],{"class":53},[43,88597,87129],{"class":87022},[43,88599,79],{"class":53},[43,88601,87039],{"class":148},[43,88603,7811],{"class":53},[14,88605,88606,88607,1233,88615,79],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[269,88608,88610,88611,88614],{"href":88609},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[43,88612,88613],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[269,88616,88618],{"href":88617},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1499,88620,88622],{"id":88621},"permissionerror",[18,88623,88624],{},"PermissionError",[14,88626,88627],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88629,88630],{},"Example causes:",[389,88632,88633,88636,88639],{},[392,88634,88635],{},"the file is protected",[392,88637,88638],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[392,88640,88641],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88643,88644,88645],{},"Related page: ",[269,88646,88648,88649,88652],{"href":88647},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[43,88650,88651],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1499,88654,88656],{"id":88655},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88657,88658],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88660,88661],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88663,494],{},[34,88665,88667],{"className":36,"code":88666,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88668,88669,88712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88670,88671,88673,88675,88677,88679,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88672,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88674,86984],{"class":141},[43,88676,145],{"class":53},[43,88678,265],{"class":264},[43,88680,88681],{"class":268},"my_folder",[43,88683,265],{"class":264},[43,88685,108],{"class":53},[43,88687,276],{"class":264},[43,88689,61131],{"class":268},[43,88691,265],{"class":264},[43,88693,108],{"class":53},[43,88695,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88697,98],{"class":97},[43,88699,265],{"class":264},[43,88701,87013],{"class":268},[43,88703,265],{"class":264},[43,88705,4272],{"class":53},[43,88707,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88709,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88711,7009],{"class":53},[43,88713,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88715,8687],{"class":141},[43,88717,145],{"class":53},[43,88719,87129],{"class":87022},[43,88721,79],{"class":53},[43,88723,87039],{"class":148},[43,88725,7811],{"class":53},[14,88727,88644,88728],{},[269,88729,88731,88732,88735],{"href":88730},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[43,88733,88734],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1499,88737,88739],{"id":88738},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88740,88741],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88743,88744,88745,79],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88746,86962],{},[14,88748,88644,88749],{},[269,88750,88752],{"href":88751},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[81,88754,88756],{"id":88755},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88758,88759,88760,88762],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88761,86962],{}," function.",[14,88764,88765],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[389,88767,88768,88771,88774,88780],{},[392,88769,88770],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[392,88772,88773],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[392,88775,88776,88777,88779],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88778,86962],{}," itself",[392,88781,88782,88783],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[269,88784,88786],{"href":88785},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[81,88788,3438],{"id":3437},[14,88790,88791,88792,59],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88793,86962],{},[389,88795,88796,88801,88807,88812,88815,88818],{},[392,88797,2445,88798,88800],{},[18,88799,87060],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[392,88802,88803,88804,88806],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88805,87261],{}," for text files",[392,88808,2445,88809,88811],{},[18,88810,87377],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[392,88813,88814],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[392,88816,88817],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[392,88819,88820],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88822,88823],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[34,88825,88827],{"className":36,"code":88826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88828,88829,88836],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88830,88831,88833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88832,35720],{"class":4491},[43,88834,88835],{"class":49}," os\n",[43,88837,88838,88840,88842,88844,88846,88849],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88839,142],{"class":141},[43,88841,145],{"class":53},[43,88843,43251],{"class":148},[43,88845,79],{"class":53},[43,88847,88848],{"class":148},"getcwd",[43,88850,7811],{"class":53},[14,88852,88853],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[34,88855,88857],{"className":36,"code":88856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88858,88859,88865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88860,88861,88863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88862,35720],{"class":4491},[43,88864,88835],{"class":49},[43,88866,88867,88869,88871,88873,88875,88878,88880,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88868,142],{"class":141},[43,88870,145],{"class":53},[43,88872,43251],{"class":148},[43,88874,79],{"class":53},[43,88876,88877],{"class":25373},"path",[43,88879,79],{"class":53},[43,88881,88882],{"class":148},"exists",[43,88884,145],{"class":53},[43,88886,265],{"class":264},[43,88888,86991],{"class":268},[43,88890,265],{"class":264},[43,88892,2377],{"class":53},[14,88894,88895],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[34,88897,88899],{"className":36,"code":88898,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88900,88901,88907],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88902,88903,88905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88904,35720],{"class":4491},[43,88906,88835],{"class":49},[43,88908,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921,88924,88926,88928,88930,88932],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88910,142],{"class":141},[43,88912,145],{"class":53},[43,88914,43251],{"class":148},[43,88916,79],{"class":53},[43,88918,88877],{"class":25373},[43,88920,79],{"class":53},[43,88922,88923],{"class":148},"isfile",[43,88925,145],{"class":53},[43,88927,265],{"class":264},[43,88929,86991],{"class":268},[43,88931,265],{"class":264},[43,88933,2377],{"class":53},[14,88935,88936],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[34,88938,88940],{"className":36,"code":88939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88941,88942,88984],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88943,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954,88956,88958,88960,88962,88964,88966,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88945,86981],{"class":4491},[43,88947,86984],{"class":141},[43,88949,145],{"class":53},[43,88951,265],{"class":264},[43,88953,86991],{"class":268},[43,88955,265],{"class":264},[43,88957,108],{"class":53},[43,88959,276],{"class":264},[43,88961,61131],{"class":268},[43,88963,265],{"class":264},[43,88965,108],{"class":53},[43,88967,87006],{"class":9794},[43,88969,98],{"class":97},[43,88971,265],{"class":264},[43,88973,87013],{"class":268},[43,88975,265],{"class":264},[43,88977,4272],{"class":53},[43,88979,47985],{"class":4491},[43,88981,87023],{"class":87022},[43,88983,7009],{"class":53},[43,88985,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994,88996],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,88987,8687],{"class":141},[43,88989,145],{"class":53},[43,88991,87129],{"class":87022},[43,88993,79],{"class":53},[43,88995,87039],{"class":148},[43,88997,7811],{"class":53},[14,88999,89000],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[81,89002,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,89004,89006],{"id":89005},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,89008,89009],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1499,89011,89013],{"id":89012},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,89015,89016,89017,89019],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,89018,86981],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1499,89021,5794,89023,1233,89025,89027],{"id":89022},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,89024,87377],{},[18,89026,18718],{}," mode?",[14,89029,89030,89032,89033,89035],{},[18,89031,87377],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,89034,18718],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1499,89037,89039],{"id":89038},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,89041,89042],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1499,89044,89046],{"id":89045},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,89048,89049,89050,89052],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,89051,87357],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[81,89054,2497],{"id":2496},[389,89056,89057,89061,89065,89069,89073,89077,89081,89087],{},[392,89058,89059],{},[269,89060,88190],{"href":88189},[392,89062,89063],{},[269,89064,88395],{"href":88394},[392,89066,89067],{},[269,89068,88399],{"href":88398},[392,89070,89071],{},[269,89072,88194],{"href":88193},[392,89074,89075],{},[269,89076,88786],{"href":88785},[392,89078,89079],{},[269,89080,88618],{"href":88617},[392,89082,89083],{},[269,89084,88610,89085,88614],{"href":88609},[43,89086,88613],{},[392,89088,89089],{},[269,89090,88648,89091,88652],{"href":88647},[43,89092,88651],{},[2536,89094,89095],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":89097},[89098,89099,89100,89101,89102,89103,89104,89109,89110,89115,89121,89122,89123,89131],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":87064,"depth":131,"text":87065},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":87361,"depth":131,"text":87362},{"id":87625,"depth":131,"text":87626},{"id":87749,"depth":131,"text":87750},{"id":87932,"depth":131,"text":87933,"children":89105},[89106,89107,89108],{"id":87942,"depth":138,"text":87943},{"id":88021,"depth":138,"text":88022},{"id":88104,"depth":138,"text":88105},{"id":88197,"depth":131,"text":88198},{"id":88402,"depth":131,"text":88403,"children":89111},[89112,89113,89114],{"id":88409,"depth":138,"text":87357},{"id":88493,"depth":138,"text":88493},{"id":88504,"depth":138,"text":88504},{"id":88515,"depth":131,"text":88516,"children":89116},[89117,89118,89119,89120],{"id":88522,"depth":138,"text":88525},{"id":88621,"depth":138,"text":88624},{"id":88655,"depth":138,"text":88658},{"id":88738,"depth":138,"text":88741},{"id":88755,"depth":131,"text":88756},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":89124},[89125,89126,89127,89129,89130],{"id":89005,"depth":138,"text":89006},{"id":89012,"depth":138,"text":89013},{"id":89022,"depth":138,"text":89128},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89038,"depth":138,"text":89039},{"id":89045,"depth":138,"text":89046},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86952,"description":89132},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89139,"title":89140,"body":89141,"description":91136,"extension":2572,"meta":91137,"navigation":134,"path":91138,"seo":91139,"stem":91140,"__hash__":91141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89142,"toc":91083},[89143,89148,89153,89159,89161,89229,89231,89250,89255,89260,89265,89268,89280,89282,89325,89327,89345,89356,89358,89360,89385,89387,89398,89400,89460,89462,89488,89491,89495,89500,89504,89507,89541,89545,89548,89573,89577,89600,89604,89637,89642,89646,89651,89654,89722,89724,89748,89753,89756,89787,89789,89821,89838,89842,89847,89871,89878,89883,89888,89891,89895,89930,89932,89941,89945,90036,90038,90069,90074,90081,90086,90095,90098,90132,90134,90148,90152,90193,90195,90204,90208,90256,90258,90272,90277,90288,90295,90301,90303,90338,90340,90354,90357,90379,90385,90414,90425,90431,90437,90451,90453,90532,90534,90584,90591,90593,90598,90602,90605,90620,90625,90627,90646,90652,90655,90670,90672,90690,90696,90701,90731,90734,90757,90760,90787,90794,90800,90808,90831,90836,90844,90846,90866,90870,90876,90926,90929,90951,90953,90959,90967,90973,90979,90987,90992,90996,90999,91022,91027,91034,91046,91048,91080],[10,89144,4187,89146,4191],{"id":89145},"python-print-function-explained",[18,89147,47079],{},[14,89149,32944,89150,89152],{},[18,89151,47079],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,89154,89155,89156,89158],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,89157,47079],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[81,89160,84],{"id":83},[34,89162,89164],{"className":36,"code":89163,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,89165,89166,89178,89187,89191,89201,89211],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89167,89168,89170,89172,89174,89176],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89169,8494],{"class":49},[43,89171,98],{"class":97},[43,89173,276],{"class":264},[43,89175,8539],{"class":268},[43,89177,3969],{"class":264},[43,89179,89180,89182,89184],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89181,22250],{"class":49},[43,89183,98],{"class":97},[43,89185,89186],{"class":104}," 12\n",[43,89188,89189],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89190,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,89192,89193,89195,89197,89199],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,89194,142],{"class":141},[43,89196,145],{"class":53},[43,89198,8286],{"class":148},[43,89200,346],{"class":53},[43,89202,89203,89205,89207,89209],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,89204,142],{"class":141},[43,89206,145],{"class":53},[43,89208,9918],{"class":148},[43,89210,346],{"class":53},[43,89212,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,89214,142],{"class":141},[43,89216,145],{"class":53},[43,89218,265],{"class":264},[43,89220,35496],{"class":268},[43,89222,265],{"class":264},[43,89224,108],{"class":53},[43,89226,36622],{"class":148},[43,89228,346],{"class":53},[14,89230,349],{},[34,89232,89234],{"className":36,"code":89233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,89235,89236,89241,89245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89237,89238],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89239,89240],{"class":49},"Mia\n",[43,89242,89243],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89244,2831],{"class":104},[43,89246,89247],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89248,89249],{"class":49},"Hello Mia\n",[14,89251,230,89252,89254],{},[18,89253,47079],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[81,89256,4289,89258,4292],{"id":89257},"what-print-does",[18,89259,47079],{},[14,89261,89262,89264],{},[18,89263,47079],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,89266,89267],{},"You can use it to display:",[389,89269,89270,89272,89274,89277],{},[392,89271,35337],{},[392,89273,149],{},[392,89275,89276],{},"variables",[392,89278,89279],{},"expressions",[14,89281,494],{},[34,89283,89285],{"className":36,"code":89284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,89286,89287,89301,89311],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89288,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297,89299],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89290,142],{"class":141},[43,89292,145],{"class":53},[43,89294,265],{"class":264},[43,89296,35496],{"class":268},[43,89298,265],{"class":264},[43,89300,346],{"class":53},[43,89302,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89304,142],{"class":141},[43,89306,145],{"class":53},[43,89308,831],{"class":104},[43,89310,346],{"class":53},[43,89312,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321,89323],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89314,142],{"class":141},[43,89316,145],{"class":53},[43,89318,201],{"class":104},[43,89320,3061],{"class":97},[43,89322,1530],{"class":104},[43,89324,346],{"class":53},[14,89326,349],{},[34,89328,89330],{"className":36,"code":89329,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,89331,89332,89337,89341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89333,89334],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89335,89336],{"class":49},"Hello\n",[43,89338,89339],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89340,3556],{"class":104},[43,89342,89343],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89344,3556],{"class":104},[14,89346,89347,89348,89350,89351,89355],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,89349,47079],{}," ",[76,89352,4304,89353],{},[18,89354,4391],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[81,89357,2763],{"id":2762},[14,89359,31351],{},[34,89361,89363],{"className":36,"code":89362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,89364,89365],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89366,89367,89369,89371,89374,89376,89379,89381,89383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89368,142],{"class":141},[43,89370,145],{"class":53},[43,89372,89373],{"class":148},"object1",[43,89375,108],{"class":53},[43,89377,89378],{"class":148}," object2",[43,89380,108],{"class":53},[43,89382,35082],{"class":141},[43,89384,346],{"class":53},[14,89386,80590],{},[389,89388,89389,89392,89395],{},[392,89390,89391],{},"one value",[392,89393,89394],{},"many values",[392,89396,89397],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89399,494],{},[34,89401,89403],{"className":36,"code":89402,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,89404,89405,89419,89438],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89406,89407,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89408,142],{"class":141},[43,89410,145],{"class":53},[43,89412,265],{"class":264},[43,89414,58394],{"class":268},[43,89416,265],{"class":264},[43,89418,346],{"class":53},[43,89420,89421,89423,89425,89427,89430,89432,89434,89436],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89422,142],{"class":141},[43,89424,145],{"class":53},[43,89426,265],{"class":264},[43,89428,89429],{"class":268},"Score:",[43,89431,265],{"class":264},[43,89433,108],{"class":53},[43,89435,977],{"class":104},[43,89437,346],{"class":53},[43,89439,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89441,142],{"class":141},[43,89443,145],{"class":53},[43,89445,265],{"class":264},[43,89447,46190],{"class":268},[43,89449,265],{"class":264},[43,89451,108],{"class":53},[43,89453,3064],{"class":104},[43,89455,3061],{"class":97},[43,89457,38271],{"class":104},[43,89459,346],{"class":53},[14,89461,349],{},[34,89463,89465],{"className":36,"code":89464,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89466,89467,89471,89480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89468,89469],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89470,85743],{"class":49},[43,89472,89473,89476,89478],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89474,89475],{"class":49},"Score",[43,89477,59],{"class":53},[43,89479,3194],{"class":104},[43,89481,89482,89484,89486],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89483,46230],{"class":49},[43,89485,59],{"class":53},[43,89487,3194],{"class":104},[14,89489,89490],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[81,89492,89494],{"id":89493},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89496,89497,89498,79],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89499,47079],{},[1499,89501,89503],{"id":89502},"print-text","Print text",[14,89505,89506],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[34,89508,89510],{"className":36,"code":89509,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89511,89512,89526],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89515,142],{"class":141},[43,89517,145],{"class":53},[43,89519,265],{"class":264},[43,89521,35496],{"class":268},[43,89523,265],{"class":264},[43,89525,346],{"class":53},[43,89527,89528,89530,89532,89534,89537,89539],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89529,142],{"class":141},[43,89531,145],{"class":53},[43,89533,265],{"class":264},[43,89535,89536],{"class":268},"Python is fun",[43,89538,265],{"class":264},[43,89540,346],{"class":53},[1499,89542,89544],{"id":89543},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89546,89547],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[34,89549,89551],{"className":36,"code":89550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89552,89553,89563],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89554,89555,89557,89559,89561],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89556,142],{"class":141},[43,89558,145],{"class":53},[43,89560,831],{"class":104},[43,89562,346],{"class":53},[43,89564,89565,89567,89569,89571],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89566,142],{"class":141},[43,89568,145],{"class":53},[43,89570,40770],{"class":104},[43,89572,346],{"class":53},[1499,89574,89576],{"id":89575},"print-variables","Print variables",[34,89578,89580],{"className":36,"code":89579,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89581,89582,89590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89583,89584,89586,89588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89585,5710],{"class":49},[43,89587,98],{"class":97},[43,89589,14755],{"class":104},[43,89591,89592,89594,89596,89598],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89593,142],{"class":141},[43,89595,145],{"class":53},[43,89597,85907],{"class":148},[43,89599,346],{"class":53},[1499,89601,89603],{"id":89602},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[34,89605,89607],{"className":36,"code":89606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89608,89609,89623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89610,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89612,142],{"class":141},[43,89614,145],{"class":53},[43,89616,201],{"class":104},[43,89618,3061],{"class":97},[43,89620,1530],{"class":104},[43,89622,346],{"class":53},[43,89624,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89626,142],{"class":141},[43,89628,145],{"class":53},[43,89630,105],{"class":104},[43,89632,83219],{"class":97},[43,89634,3064],{"class":104},[43,89636,346],{"class":53},[14,89638,89639,89640,79],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[269,89641,51604],{"href":51603},[81,89643,89645],{"id":89644},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89647,89648,89650],{},[18,89649,47079],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89652,89653],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[34,89655,89657],{"className":36,"code":89656,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89658,89659,89672,89680,89684,89703],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89660,89661,89663,89665,89667,89670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89662,8494],{"class":49},[43,89664,98],{"class":97},[43,89666,276],{"class":264},[43,89668,89669],{"class":268},"Ava",[43,89671,3969],{"class":264},[43,89673,89674,89676,89678],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89675,22250],{"class":49},[43,89677,98],{"class":97},[43,89679,3194],{"class":104},[43,89681,89682],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,89683,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,89685,89686,89688,89690,89692,89695,89697,89699,89701],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,89687,142],{"class":141},[43,89689,145],{"class":53},[43,89691,265],{"class":264},[43,89693,89694],{"class":268},"Name:",[43,89696,265],{"class":264},[43,89698,108],{"class":53},[43,89700,36622],{"class":148},[43,89702,346],{"class":53},[43,89704,89705,89707,89709,89711,89714,89716,89718,89720],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,89706,142],{"class":141},[43,89708,145],{"class":53},[43,89710,265],{"class":264},[43,89712,89713],{"class":268},"Age:",[43,89715,265],{"class":264},[43,89717,108],{"class":53},[43,89719,9807],{"class":148},[43,89721,346],{"class":53},[14,89723,349],{},[34,89725,89727],{"className":36,"code":89726,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89728,89729,89739],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89730,89731,89734,89736],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89732,89733],{"class":49},"Name",[43,89735,59],{"class":53},[43,89737,89738],{"class":49}," Ava\n",[43,89740,89741,89744,89746],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89742,89743],{"class":49},"Age",[43,89745,59],{"class":53},[43,89747,3194],{"class":104},[14,89749,89750,89751,79],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89752,2666],{},[14,89754,89755],{},"For example, this works:",[34,89757,89759],{"className":36,"code":89758,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89760,89761,89769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89762,89763,89765,89767],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89764,22250],{"class":49},[43,89766,98],{"class":97},[43,89768,3194],{"class":104},[43,89770,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89772,142],{"class":141},[43,89774,145],{"class":53},[43,89776,265],{"class":264},[43,89778,89713],{"class":268},[43,89780,265],{"class":264},[43,89782,108],{"class":53},[43,89784,9807],{"class":148},[43,89786,346],{"class":53},[14,89788,37554],{},[34,89790,89792],{"className":36,"code":89791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89793,89794,89802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89795,89796,89798,89800],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89797,22250],{"class":49},[43,89799,98],{"class":97},[43,89801,3194],{"class":104},[43,89803,89804,89806,89808,89810,89813,89815,89817,89819],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89805,142],{"class":141},[43,89807,145],{"class":53},[43,89809,265],{"class":264},[43,89811,89812],{"class":268},"Age: ",[43,89814,265],{"class":264},[43,89816,3061],{"class":97},[43,89818,9807],{"class":148},[43,89820,346],{"class":53},[14,89822,89823,89824,89827,89828,89830,89831,89833,89834,79],{},"That fails because ",[18,89825,89826],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89829,9918],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89832,2666],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[269,89835,89836],{"href":42801},[18,89837,48311],{},[81,89839,89841],{"id":89840},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89843,89844,89846],{},[18,89845,47079],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[389,89848,89849,89855,89860,89865],{},[392,89850,89851,89854],{},[18,89852,89853],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[392,89856,89857,89859],{},[18,89858,53288],{}," controls what is added after the output",[392,89861,89862,89864],{},[18,89863,87129],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[392,89866,89867,89870],{},[18,89868,89869],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89872,89873,89874,1233,89876,79],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89875,89853],{},[18,89877,53288],{},[81,89879,89881,37244],{"id":89880},"sep-argument",[18,89882,89853],{},[14,89884,1242,89885,89887],{},[18,89886,89853],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89889,89890],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1499,89892,89894],{"id":89893},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[34,89896,89898],{"className":36,"code":89897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89899,89900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89901,89902,89904,89906,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926,89928],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89903,142],{"class":141},[43,89905,145],{"class":53},[43,89907,265],{"class":264},[43,89909,13717],{"class":268},[43,89911,265],{"class":264},[43,89913,108],{"class":53},[43,89915,276],{"class":264},[43,89917,18077],{"class":268},[43,89919,265],{"class":264},[43,89921,108],{"class":53},[43,89923,276],{"class":264},[43,89925,13734],{"class":268},[43,89927,265],{"class":264},[43,89929,346],{"class":53},[14,89931,349],{},[34,89933,89935],{"className":36,"code":89934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red green blue\n",[18,89936,89937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89938,89939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89940,89934],{"class":49},[1499,89942,89944],{"id":89943},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[34,89946,89948],{"className":36,"code":89947,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89949,89950,89993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89951,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89983,89985,89987,89989,89991],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89953,142],{"class":141},[43,89955,145],{"class":53},[43,89957,265],{"class":264},[43,89959,13717],{"class":268},[43,89961,265],{"class":264},[43,89963,108],{"class":53},[43,89965,276],{"class":264},[43,89967,18077],{"class":268},[43,89969,265],{"class":264},[43,89971,108],{"class":53},[43,89973,276],{"class":264},[43,89975,13734],{"class":268},[43,89977,265],{"class":264},[43,89979,108],{"class":53},[43,89981,89982],{"class":9794}," sep",[43,89984,98],{"class":97},[43,89986,265],{"class":264},[43,89988,108],{"class":268},[43,89990,265],{"class":264},[43,89992,346],{"class":53},[43,89994,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90013,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027,90029,90032,90034],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,89996,142],{"class":141},[43,89998,145],{"class":53},[43,90000,265],{"class":264},[43,90002,13717],{"class":268},[43,90004,265],{"class":264},[43,90006,108],{"class":53},[43,90008,276],{"class":264},[43,90010,18077],{"class":268},[43,90012,265],{"class":264},[43,90014,108],{"class":53},[43,90016,276],{"class":264},[43,90018,13734],{"class":268},[43,90020,265],{"class":264},[43,90022,108],{"class":53},[43,90024,89982],{"class":9794},[43,90026,98],{"class":97},[43,90028,265],{"class":264},[43,90030,90031],{"class":268}," - ",[43,90033,265],{"class":264},[43,90035,346],{"class":53},[14,90037,349],{},[34,90039,90041],{"className":36,"code":90040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,90042,90043,90055],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90044,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90046,13717],{"class":49},[43,90048,108],{"class":53},[43,90050,18077],{"class":49},[43,90052,108],{"class":53},[43,90054,70602],{"class":49},[43,90056,90057,90060,90062,90065,90067],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90058,90059],{"class":49},"red ",[43,90061,220],{"class":97},[43,90063,90064],{"class":49}," green ",[43,90066,220],{"class":97},[43,90068,36511],{"class":49},[14,90070,90071,90073],{},[18,90072,89853],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,90075,90076,90077,79],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[269,90078,90080],{"href":90079},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[81,90082,90084,37244],{"id":90083},"end-argument",[18,90085,53288],{},[14,90087,90088,90089,90091,90092,90094],{},"By default, ",[18,90090,47079],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,90093,47079],{}," starts on a new line.",[1499,90096,89894],{"id":90097},"default-behavior-1",[34,90099,90101],{"className":36,"code":90100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,90102,90103,90117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90104,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90106,142],{"class":141},[43,90108,145],{"class":53},[43,90110,265],{"class":264},[43,90112,35496],{"class":268},[43,90114,265],{"class":264},[43,90116,346],{"class":53},[43,90118,90119,90121,90123,90125,90128,90130],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90120,142],{"class":141},[43,90122,145],{"class":53},[43,90124,265],{"class":264},[43,90126,90127],{"class":268},"World",[43,90129,265],{"class":264},[43,90131,346],{"class":53},[14,90133,349],{},[34,90135,90137],{"className":36,"code":90136,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,90138,90139,90143],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90140,90141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90142,89336],{"class":49},[43,90144,90145],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90146,90147],{"class":49},"World\n",[1499,90149,90151],{"id":90150},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[34,90153,90155],{"className":36,"code":90154,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,90156,90157,90179],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90158,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90160,142],{"class":141},[43,90162,145],{"class":53},[43,90164,265],{"class":264},[43,90166,35496],{"class":268},[43,90168,265],{"class":264},[43,90170,108],{"class":53},[43,90172,65666],{"class":9794},[43,90174,98],{"class":97},[43,90176,6887],{"class":264},[43,90178,346],{"class":53},[43,90180,90181,90183,90185,90187,90189,90191],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90182,142],{"class":141},[43,90184,145],{"class":53},[43,90186,265],{"class":264},[43,90188,90127],{"class":268},[43,90190,265],{"class":264},[43,90192,346],{"class":53},[14,90194,349],{},[34,90196,90198],{"className":36,"code":90197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HelloWorld\n",[18,90199,90200],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90201,90202],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90203,90197],{"class":49},[1499,90205,90207],{"id":90206},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[34,90209,90211],{"className":36,"code":90210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,90212,90213,90242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90214,90215,90217,90219,90221,90223,90225,90227,90229,90231,90233,90236,90238,90240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90216,142],{"class":141},[43,90218,145],{"class":53},[43,90220,265],{"class":264},[43,90222,35496],{"class":268},[43,90224,265],{"class":264},[43,90226,108],{"class":53},[43,90228,65666],{"class":9794},[43,90230,98],{"class":97},[43,90232,265],{"class":264},[43,90234,90235],{"class":268},"!",[43,90237,87540],{"class":35081},[43,90239,265],{"class":264},[43,90241,346],{"class":53},[43,90243,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90245,142],{"class":141},[43,90247,145],{"class":53},[43,90249,265],{"class":264},[43,90251,90127],{"class":268},[43,90253,265],{"class":264},[43,90255,346],{"class":53},[14,90257,349],{},[34,90259,90261],{"className":36,"code":90260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,90262,90263,90268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90264,90265],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90266,90267],{"class":49},"Hello!\n",[43,90269,90270],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90271,90147],{"class":49},[14,90273,1242,90274,90276],{},[18,90275,53288],{}," argument is useful for:",[389,90278,90279,90282,90285],{},[392,90280,90281],{},"progress messages",[392,90283,90284],{},"inline output",[392,90286,90287],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[81,90289,90291,3004,90293],{"id":90290},"print-returns-none",[18,90292,47079],{},[18,90294,4391],{},[14,90296,90297,90298,90300],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,90299,47079],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90302,494],{},[34,90304,90306],{"className":36,"code":90305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,90307,90308,90328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90309,90310,90312,90314,90317,90319,90321,90324,90326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90311,2836],{"class":49},[43,90313,98],{"class":97},[43,90315,90316],{"class":141}," print",[43,90318,145],{"class":53},[43,90320,265],{"class":264},[43,90322,90323],{"class":268},"Hi",[43,90325,265],{"class":264},[43,90327,346],{"class":53},[43,90329,90330,90332,90334,90336],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90331,142],{"class":141},[43,90333,145],{"class":53},[43,90335,2871],{"class":148},[43,90337,346],{"class":53},[14,90339,349],{},[34,90341,90343],{"className":36,"code":90342,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,90344,90345,90350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90346,90347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90348,90349],{"class":49},"Hi\n",[43,90351,90352],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90353,12431],{"class":4466},[14,90355,90356],{},"Why does this happen?",[389,90358,90359,90367,90372],{},[392,90360,90361,90364,90365],{},[18,90362,90363],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,90366,90323],{},[392,90368,90369,90370],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,90371,4391],{},[392,90373,90374,90375,12543,90377],{},"so ",[18,90376,2871],{},[18,90378,4391],{},[14,90380,90381,90382,90384],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,90383,47079],{}," call.",[34,90386,90388],{"className":36,"code":90387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,90389,90390,90403],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90391,90392,90395,90397,90399,90401],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90393,90394],{"class":49},"message ",[43,90396,98],{"class":97},[43,90398,276],{"class":264},[43,90400,90323],{"class":268},[43,90402,3969],{"class":264},[43,90404,90405,90407,90409,90412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90406,142],{"class":141},[43,90408,145],{"class":53},[43,90410,90411],{"class":148},"message",[43,90413,346],{"class":53},[14,90415,90416,90417,90419,90420,90424],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,90418,47079],{}," with functions like ",[269,90421,90422],{"href":8838},[18,90423,3567],{},", which do return a value.",[81,90426,90428,90429],{"id":90427},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,90430,47079],{},[14,90432,90433,90434,90436],{},"Beginners use ",[18,90435,47079],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[389,90438,90439,90442,90445,90448],{},[392,90440,90441],{},"to display results to the user",[392,90443,90444],{},"to show messages in a script",[392,90446,90447],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[392,90449,90450],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90452,494],{},[34,90454,90456],{"className":36,"code":90455,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90457,90458,90466,90470,90490,90501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90459,90460,90462,90464],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90461,41808],{"class":49},[43,90463,98],{"class":97},[43,90465,39140],{"class":104},[43,90467,90468],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90469,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,90471,90472,90474,90476,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,90473,6574],{"class":4491},[43,90475,7002],{"class":49},[43,90477,4498],{"class":4491},[43,90479,54698],{"class":141},[43,90481,145],{"class":53},[43,90483,154],{"class":104},[43,90485,108],{"class":53},[43,90487,3064],{"class":104},[43,90489,8960],{"class":53},[43,90491,90492,90495,90498],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,90493,90494],{"class":49},"    total ",[43,90496,90497],{"class":97},"+=",[43,90499,90500],{"class":49}," number\n",[43,90502,90503,90505,90507,90509,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520,90522,90524,90526,90528,90530],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,90504,8687],{"class":141},[43,90506,145],{"class":53},[43,90508,265],{"class":264},[43,90510,90511],{"class":268},"Current number:",[43,90513,265],{"class":264},[43,90515,108],{"class":53},[43,90517,2803],{"class":148},[43,90519,108],{"class":53},[43,90521,276],{"class":264},[43,90523,46190],{"class":268},[43,90525,265],{"class":264},[43,90527,108],{"class":53},[43,90529,46197],{"class":148},[43,90531,346],{"class":53},[14,90533,349],{},[34,90535,90537],{"className":36,"code":90536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90538,90539,90555,90569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90540,90541,90544,90546,90548,90551,90553],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90542,90543],{"class":49},"Current number",[43,90545,59],{"class":53},[43,90547,6113],{"class":104},[43,90549,90550],{"class":49}," Total",[43,90552,59],{"class":53},[43,90554,30240],{"class":104},[43,90556,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90558,90543],{"class":49},[43,90560,59],{"class":53},[43,90562,1525],{"class":104},[43,90564,90550],{"class":49},[43,90566,59],{"class":53},[43,90568,3184],{"class":104},[43,90570,90571,90573,90575,90577,90579,90581],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,90572,90543],{"class":49},[43,90574,59],{"class":53},[43,90576,1530],{"class":104},[43,90578,90550],{"class":49},[43,90580,59],{"class":53},[43,90582,90583],{"class":104}," 6\n",[14,90585,90586,90587,79],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[269,90588,90590],{"href":90589},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[81,90592,3438],{"id":3437},[14,90594,90595,90596,79],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90597,47079],{},[1499,90599,90601],{"id":90600},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90603,90604],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[34,90606,90608],{"className":36,"code":90607,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90609,90610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90611,90612,90614,90616,90618],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90613,142],{"class":141},[43,90615,145],{"class":53},[43,90617,35496],{"class":148},[43,90619,346],{"class":53},[14,90621,1261,90622,90624],{},[18,90623,35496],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90626,11428],{},[34,90628,90630],{"className":36,"code":90629,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90631,90632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90633,90634,90636,90638,90640,90642,90644],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90635,142],{"class":141},[43,90637,145],{"class":53},[43,90639,265],{"class":264},[43,90641,35496],{"class":268},[43,90643,265],{"class":264},[43,90645,346],{"class":53},[1499,90647,2445,90649,90651],{"id":90648},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90650,142],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90653,90654],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[34,90656,90658],{"className":36,"code":90657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90659,90660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90661,90662,90664,90666,90668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90663,142],{"class":141},[43,90665,276],{"class":264},[43,90667,35496],{"class":268},[43,90669,3969],{"class":264},[14,90671,11428],{},[34,90673,90674],{"className":36,"code":90629,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,90675,90676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90677,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90679,142],{"class":141},[43,90681,145],{"class":53},[43,90683,265],{"class":264},[43,90685,35496],{"class":268},[43,90687,265],{"class":264},[43,90689,346],{"class":53},[1499,90691,90693,90694],{"id":90692},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90695,2666],{},[14,90697,90698,90699,79],{},"This causes a ",[18,90700,3614],{},[34,90702,90703],{"className":36,"code":89791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,90704,90705,90713],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90706,90707,90709,90711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90708,22250],{"class":49},[43,90710,98],{"class":97},[43,90712,3194],{"class":104},[43,90714,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90716,142],{"class":141},[43,90718,145],{"class":53},[43,90720,265],{"class":264},[43,90722,89812],{"class":268},[43,90724,265],{"class":264},[43,90726,3061],{"class":97},[43,90728,9807],{"class":148},[43,90730,346],{"class":53},[14,90732,90733],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[34,90735,90737],{"className":36,"code":90736,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90738,90739],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90740,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90742,142],{"class":141},[43,90744,145],{"class":53},[43,90746,265],{"class":264},[43,90748,89713],{"class":268},[43,90750,265],{"class":264},[43,90752,108],{"class":53},[43,90754,9807],{"class":148},[43,90756,346],{"class":53},[14,90758,90759],{},"Or convert the number first:",[34,90761,90763],{"className":36,"code":90762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90764,90765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90766,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90768,142],{"class":141},[43,90770,145],{"class":53},[43,90772,265],{"class":264},[43,90774,89812],{"class":268},[43,90776,265],{"class":264},[43,90778,3061],{"class":97},[43,90780,49532],{"class":3510},[43,90782,145],{"class":53},[43,90784,9918],{"class":148},[43,90786,2377],{"class":53},[14,90788,90789,90790,79],{},"If you see this error, read ",[269,90791,90793],{"href":90792},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1499,90795,9071,90797,90799],{"id":90796},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90798,47079],{}," to return a value",[14,90801,90802,90803,35959,90806,59],{},"This does not store ",[18,90804,90805],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90807,2871],{},[34,90809,90811],{"className":36,"code":90810,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90812,90813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90814,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825,90827,90829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90816,2836],{"class":49},[43,90818,98],{"class":97},[43,90820,90316],{"class":141},[43,90822,145],{"class":53},[43,90824,265],{"class":264},[43,90826,35496],{"class":268},[43,90828,265],{"class":264},[43,90830,346],{"class":53},[14,90832,90833,90834,79],{},"It stores ",[18,90835,4391],{},[1499,90837,90839,90840,1233,90842],{"id":90838},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90841,89853],{},[18,90843,53288],{},[14,90845,86199],{},[389,90847,90848,90857],{},[392,90849,90850,90852,90853,90856],{},[18,90851,89853],{}," changes what goes ",[76,90854,90855],{},"between"," multiple values",[392,90858,90859,90861,90862,90865],{},[18,90860,53288],{}," changes what appears ",[76,90863,90864],{},"after"," the output",[81,90867,90869],{"id":90868},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90871,90872,90873,90875],{},"These simple ",[18,90874,47079],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[34,90877,90879],{"className":36,"code":90878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90880,90881,90901,90916],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90882,90883,90885,90887,90889,90892,90894,90896,90899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90884,142],{"class":141},[43,90886,145],{"class":53},[43,90888,265],{"class":264},[43,90890,90891],{"class":268},"Debug:",[43,90893,265],{"class":264},[43,90895,108],{"class":53},[43,90897,90898],{"class":148}," variable_name",[43,90900,346],{"class":53},[43,90902,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90914],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,90904,142],{"class":141},[43,90906,145],{"class":53},[43,90908,3832],{"class":3510},[43,90910,145],{"class":53},[43,90912,90913],{"class":148},"variable_name",[43,90915,2377],{"class":53},[43,90917,90918,90920,90922,90924],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,90919,32779],{"class":141},[43,90921,145],{"class":53},[43,90923,142],{"class":141},[43,90925,346],{"class":53},[14,90927,90928],{},"What they do:",[389,90930,90931,90937,90943],{},[392,90932,90933,90936],{},[18,90934,90935],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[392,90938,90939,90942],{},[18,90940,90941],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[392,90944,90945,90948,90949],{},[18,90946,90947],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90950,47079],{},[81,90952,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,90954,13328,90956,90958],{"id":90955},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90957,47079],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90960,90961,90962,90964,90965,37250],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90963,47079],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90966,53288],{},[1499,90968,5784,90970,90972],{"id":90969},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90971,47079],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90974,90975,90976,90978],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90977,47079],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1499,90980,5772,90982,5775,90985,2490],{"id":90981},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90983,90984],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90986,4391],{},[14,90988,29686,90989,90991],{},[18,90990,47079],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1499,90993,90995],{"id":90994},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90997,90998],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[34,91000,91002],{"className":36,"code":91001,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,91003,91004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91007,142],{"class":141},[43,91009,145],{"class":53},[43,91011,265],{"class":264},[43,91013,89713],{"class":268},[43,91015,265],{"class":264},[43,91017,108],{"class":53},[43,91019,977],{"class":104},[43,91021,346],{"class":53},[14,91023,91024,91025,40557],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,91026,48311],{},[1499,91028,5794,91030,1233,91032,2490],{"id":91029},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,91031,89853],{},[18,91033,53288],{},[389,91035,91036,91041],{},[392,91037,91038,91040],{},[18,91039,89853],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[392,91042,91043,91045],{},[18,91044,53288],{}," changes what appears after the output",[81,91047,2497],{"id":2496},[389,91049,91050,91054,91060,91066,91071,91076],{},[392,91051,91052],{},[269,91053,51604],{"href":51603},[392,91055,91056],{},[269,91057,4187,91058,4120],{"href":8838},[18,91059,3567],{},[392,91061,91062],{},[269,91063,4187,91064,4120],{"href":42801},[18,91065,48311],{},[392,91067,91068],{},[269,91069,91070],{"href":90079},"How to format strings in Python",[392,91072,91073],{},[269,91074,91075],{"href":90589},"How to debug Python code",[392,91077,91078],{},[269,91079,90793],{"href":90792},[2536,91081,91082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":91084},[91085,91086,91088,91089,91095,91096,91097,91102,91108,91110,91112,91123,91124,91135],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":89257,"depth":131,"text":91087},"What print() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":89493,"depth":131,"text":89494,"children":91090},[91091,91092,91093,91094],{"id":89502,"depth":138,"text":89503},{"id":89543,"depth":138,"text":89544},{"id":89575,"depth":138,"text":89576},{"id":89602,"depth":138,"text":89603},{"id":89644,"depth":131,"text":89645},{"id":89840,"depth":131,"text":89841},{"id":89880,"depth":131,"text":91098,"children":91099},"sep argument",[91100,91101],{"id":89893,"depth":138,"text":89894},{"id":89943,"depth":138,"text":89944},{"id":90083,"depth":131,"text":91103,"children":91104},"end argument",[91105,91106,91107],{"id":90097,"depth":138,"text":89894},{"id":90150,"depth":138,"text":90151},{"id":90206,"depth":138,"text":90207},{"id":90290,"depth":131,"text":91109},"print() returns None",{"id":90427,"depth":131,"text":91111},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":91113},[91114,91115,91117,91119,91121],{"id":90600,"depth":138,"text":90601},{"id":90648,"depth":138,"text":91116},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90692,"depth":138,"text":91118},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90796,"depth":138,"text":91120},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90838,"depth":138,"text":91122},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90868,"depth":131,"text":90869},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":91125},[91126,91128,91130,91132,91133],{"id":90955,"depth":138,"text":91127},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90969,"depth":138,"text":91129},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90981,"depth":138,"text":91131},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90994,"depth":138,"text":90995},{"id":91029,"depth":138,"text":91134},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89140,"description":91136},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91143,"title":91144,"body":91145,"description":93449,"extension":2572,"meta":93450,"navigation":134,"path":93451,"seo":93452,"stem":93453,"__hash__":93454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91146,"toc":93395},[91147,91152,91157,91170,91172,91237,91248,91253,91258,91260,91283,91286,91317,91319,91336,91341,91347,91352,91401,91404,91421,91427,91432,91455,91457,91485,91491,91499,91526,91528,91553,91559,91562,91593,91595,91624,91628,91631,91636,91658,91660,91688,91694,91700,91726,91728,91752,91758,91764,91794,91796,91824,91834,91838,91844,91877,91879,91908,91911,91914,91947,91949,91957,91963,91965,91988,91993,92002,92007,92021,92023,92063,92065,92095,92099,92134,92140,92144,92188,92190,92220,92226,92229,92308,92310,92332,92340,92343,92406,92414,92489,92495,92502,92507,92512,92535,92537,92558,92560,92573,92575,92622,92624,92663,92672,92674,92678,92682,92685,92712,92715,92744,92747,92771,92774,92782,92788,92810,92812,92840,92844,92849,92904,92909,92911,92968,92975,92984,92987,93019,93021,93029,93032,93038,93040,93063,93066,93072,93075,93094,93096,93115,93118,93140,93142,93170,93174,93178,93283,93285,93298,93300,93306,93309,93317,93322,93328,93334,93339,93347,93353,93360,93362,93392],[10,91148,4187,91150,4191],{"id":91149},"python-range-function-explained",[18,91151,36826],{},[14,91153,32944,91154,91156],{},[18,91155,36826],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,91158,91159,91160,91162,91163,91165,91166,91169],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,91161,6574],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,91164,36826],{}," stops ",[76,91167,91168],{},"before"," the end value.",[81,91171,84],{"id":83},[34,91173,91175],{"className":36,"code":91174,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,91176,91177,91193,91203,91207,91212,91217,91222,91227,91232],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91178,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91180,6574],{"class":4491},[43,91182,70170],{"class":49},[43,91184,4498],{"class":4491},[43,91186,54698],{"class":141},[43,91188,145],{"class":53},[43,91190,831],{"class":104},[43,91192,8960],{"class":53},[43,91194,91195,91197,91199,91201],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,91196,8687],{"class":141},[43,91198,145],{"class":53},[43,91200,36782],{"class":148},[43,91202,346],{"class":53},[43,91204,91205],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,91206,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,91208,91209],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,91210,91211],{"class":165},"# Output:\n",[43,91213,91214],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,91215,91216],{"class":165},"# 0\n",[43,91218,91219],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,91220,91221],{"class":165},"# 1\n",[43,91223,91224],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,91225,91226],{"class":165},"# 2\n",[43,91228,91229],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,91230,91231],{"class":165},"# 3\n",[43,91233,91234],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,91235,91236],{"class":165},"# 4\n",[14,91238,91239,91242,91243,91245,91246,79],{},[18,91240,91241],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,91244,1277],{}," and stopping before ",[18,91247,831],{},[81,91249,4289,91251,4292],{"id":91250},"what-range-does",[18,91252,36826],{},[14,91254,91255,91257],{},[18,91256,36826],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,91259,387],{},[389,91261,91262,91267,91273,91278],{},[392,91263,91264,91266],{},[18,91265,36826],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[392,91268,91269,91270,91272],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,91271,6574],{}," loops",[392,91274,91275,91276],{},"The stop value is ",[76,91277,78],{},[392,91279,18043,91280,91282],{},[18,91281,60625],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,91284,91285],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[34,91287,91289],{"className":36,"code":91288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,91290,91291,91307],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91292,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91294,6574],{"class":4491},[43,91296,7002],{"class":49},[43,91298,4498],{"class":4491},[43,91300,54698],{"class":141},[43,91302,145],{"class":53},[43,91304,181],{"class":104},[43,91306,8960],{"class":53},[43,91308,91309,91311,91313,91315],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,91310,8687],{"class":141},[43,91312,145],{"class":53},[43,91314,2846],{"class":148},[43,91316,346],{"class":53},[14,91318,349],{},[34,91320,91322],{"className":36,"code":91321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,91323,91324,91328,91332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91325,91326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91327,47879],{"class":104},[43,91329,91330],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,91331,47544],{"class":104},[43,91333,91334],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,91335,17678],{"class":104},[14,91337,91338,91339,79],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[269,91340,36659],{"href":36658},[81,91342,91344,91346],{"id":91343},"range-syntax",[18,91345,36826],{}," syntax",[14,91348,91349,91351],{},[18,91350,36826],{}," has three common forms:",[34,91353,91355],{"className":36,"code":91354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,91356,91357,91367,91382],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91358,91359,91361,91363,91365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91360,60625],{"class":141},[43,91362,145],{"class":53},[43,91364,24],{"class":148},[43,91366,346],{"class":53},[43,91368,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91380],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,91370,60625],{"class":141},[43,91372,145],{"class":53},[43,91374,20],{"class":148},[43,91376,108],{"class":53},[43,91378,91379],{"class":148}," stop",[43,91381,346],{"class":53},[43,91383,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91399],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,91385,60625],{"class":141},[43,91387,145],{"class":53},[43,91389,20],{"class":148},[43,91391,108],{"class":53},[43,91393,91379],{"class":148},[43,91395,108],{"class":53},[43,91397,91398],{"class":148}," step",[43,91400,346],{"class":53},[14,91402,91403],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[389,91405,91406,91411,91416],{},[392,91407,91408,91410],{},[18,91409,20],{}," = first number",[392,91412,91413,91415],{},[18,91414,24],{}," = end limit, not included",[392,91417,91418,91420],{},[18,91419,28],{}," = amount to move each time",[1499,91422,91424],{"id":91423},"rangestop",[18,91425,91426],{},"range(stop)",[14,91428,91429,91430,79],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,91431,1277],{},[34,91433,91435],{"className":36,"code":91434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,91436,91437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91438,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91440,142],{"class":141},[43,91442,145],{"class":53},[43,91444,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91446,145],{"class":53},[43,91448,60625],{"class":141},[43,91450,145],{"class":53},[43,91452,831],{"class":104},[43,91454,3521],{"class":53},[14,91456,349],{},[34,91458,91459],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91460,91461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91462,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91464,54],{"class":53},[43,91466,1277],{"class":104},[43,91468,108],{"class":53},[43,91470,6113],{"class":104},[43,91472,108],{"class":53},[43,91474,1525],{"class":104},[43,91476,108],{"class":53},[43,91478,1530],{"class":104},[43,91480,108],{"class":53},[43,91482,3064],{"class":104},[43,91484,68],{"class":53},[1499,91486,91488],{"id":91487},"rangestart-stop",[18,91489,91490],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91492,91493,91494,91496,91497,79],{},"This starts at ",[18,91495,20],{}," and stops before ",[18,91498,24],{},[34,91500,91502],{"className":36,"code":91501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91503,91504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91505,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91507,142],{"class":141},[43,91509,145],{"class":53},[43,91511,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91513,145],{"class":53},[43,91515,60625],{"class":141},[43,91517,145],{"class":53},[43,91519,201],{"class":104},[43,91521,108],{"class":53},[43,91523,38271],{"class":104},[43,91525,3521],{"class":53},[14,91527,349],{},[34,91529,91531],{"className":36,"code":91530,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91532,91533],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91534,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91536,54],{"class":53},[43,91538,201],{"class":104},[43,91540,108],{"class":53},[43,91542,1530],{"class":104},[43,91544,108],{"class":53},[43,91546,3064],{"class":104},[43,91548,108],{"class":53},[43,91550,5221],{"class":104},[43,91552,68],{"class":53},[1499,91554,91556],{"id":91555},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91557,91558],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91560,91561],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[34,91563,91565],{"className":36,"code":91564,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91566,91567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91568,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91570,142],{"class":141},[43,91572,145],{"class":53},[43,91574,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91576,145],{"class":53},[43,91578,60625],{"class":141},[43,91580,145],{"class":53},[43,91582,154],{"class":104},[43,91584,108],{"class":53},[43,91586,977],{"class":104},[43,91588,108],{"class":53},[43,91590,1525],{"class":104},[43,91592,3521],{"class":53},[14,91594,349],{},[34,91596,91598],{"className":36,"code":91597,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91599,91600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91601,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91603,54],{"class":53},[43,91605,154],{"class":104},[43,91607,108],{"class":53},[43,91609,1530],{"class":104},[43,91611,108],{"class":53},[43,91613,5221],{"class":104},[43,91615,108],{"class":53},[43,91617,6609],{"class":104},[43,91619,108],{"class":53},[43,91621,54764],{"class":104},[43,91623,68],{"class":53},[81,91625,91627],{"id":91626},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91629,91630],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1499,91632,91634],{"id":91633},"range5",[18,91635,91241],{},[34,91637,91638],{"className":36,"code":91434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91639,91640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91641,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91643,142],{"class":141},[43,91645,145],{"class":53},[43,91647,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91649,145],{"class":53},[43,91651,60625],{"class":141},[43,91653,145],{"class":53},[43,91655,831],{"class":104},[43,91657,3521],{"class":53},[14,91659,349],{},[34,91661,91662],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91663,91664],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91665,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91667,54],{"class":53},[43,91669,1277],{"class":104},[43,91671,108],{"class":53},[43,91673,6113],{"class":104},[43,91675,108],{"class":53},[43,91677,1525],{"class":104},[43,91679,108],{"class":53},[43,91681,1530],{"class":104},[43,91683,108],{"class":53},[43,91685,3064],{"class":104},[43,91687,68],{"class":53},[14,91689,91493,91690,91496,91692,79],{},[18,91691,1277],{},[18,91693,831],{},[1499,91695,91697],{"id":91696},"range2-6",[18,91698,91699],{},"range(2, 6)",[34,91701,91702],{"className":36,"code":91501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91703,91704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91705,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91707,142],{"class":141},[43,91709,145],{"class":53},[43,91711,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91713,145],{"class":53},[43,91715,60625],{"class":141},[43,91717,145],{"class":53},[43,91719,201],{"class":104},[43,91721,108],{"class":53},[43,91723,38271],{"class":104},[43,91725,3521],{"class":53},[14,91727,349],{},[34,91729,91730],{"className":36,"code":91530,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91731,91732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91733,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91735,54],{"class":53},[43,91737,201],{"class":104},[43,91739,108],{"class":53},[43,91741,1530],{"class":104},[43,91743,108],{"class":53},[43,91745,3064],{"class":104},[43,91747,108],{"class":53},[43,91749,5221],{"class":104},[43,91751,68],{"class":53},[14,91753,91493,91754,91496,91756,79],{},[18,91755,201],{},[18,91757,80981],{},[1499,91759,91761],{"id":91760},"range1-10-2",[18,91762,91763],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[34,91765,91766],{"className":36,"code":91564,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91767,91768],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91769,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91771,142],{"class":141},[43,91773,145],{"class":53},[43,91775,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91777,145],{"class":53},[43,91779,60625],{"class":141},[43,91781,145],{"class":53},[43,91783,154],{"class":104},[43,91785,108],{"class":53},[43,91787,977],{"class":104},[43,91789,108],{"class":53},[43,91791,1525],{"class":104},[43,91793,3521],{"class":53},[14,91795,349],{},[34,91797,91798],{"className":36,"code":91597,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91799,91800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91801,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91803,54],{"class":53},[43,91805,154],{"class":104},[43,91807,108],{"class":53},[43,91809,1530],{"class":104},[43,91811,108],{"class":53},[43,91813,5221],{"class":104},[43,91815,108],{"class":53},[43,91817,6609],{"class":104},[43,91819,108],{"class":53},[43,91821,54764],{"class":104},[43,91823,68],{"class":53},[14,91825,91826,91827,91829,91830,61926,91832,79],{},"This moves by ",[18,91828,201],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91831,154],{},[18,91833,2749],{},[1499,91835,91837],{"id":91836},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91839,91840,91841,91843],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91842,36826],{}," count backward.",[34,91845,91847],{"className":36,"code":91846,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91848,91849],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91850,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91852,142],{"class":141},[43,91854,145],{"class":53},[43,91856,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91858,145],{"class":53},[43,91860,60625],{"class":141},[43,91862,145],{"class":53},[43,91864,831],{"class":104},[43,91866,108],{"class":53},[43,91868,4447],{"class":104},[43,91870,108],{"class":53},[43,91872,2828],{"class":97},[43,91874,154],{"class":104},[43,91876,3521],{"class":53},[14,91878,349],{},[34,91880,91882],{"className":36,"code":91881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91883,91884],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91887,54],{"class":53},[43,91889,831],{"class":104},[43,91891,108],{"class":53},[43,91893,3064],{"class":104},[43,91895,108],{"class":53},[43,91897,1530],{"class":104},[43,91899,108],{"class":53},[43,91901,1525],{"class":104},[43,91903,108],{"class":53},[43,91905,6113],{"class":104},[43,91907,68],{"class":53},[14,91909,91910],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91912,91913],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[34,91915,91917],{"className":36,"code":91916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91918,91919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91920,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91922,142],{"class":141},[43,91924,145],{"class":53},[43,91926,8712],{"class":3510},[43,91928,145],{"class":53},[43,91930,60625],{"class":141},[43,91932,145],{"class":53},[43,91934,154],{"class":104},[43,91936,108],{"class":53},[43,91938,5221],{"class":104},[43,91940,108],{"class":53},[43,91942,2828],{"class":97},[43,91944,154],{"class":104},[43,91946,3521],{"class":53},[14,91948,349],{},[34,91950,91951],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91952,91953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91954,91955],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91956,1778],{"class":53},[1499,91958,91959,1274,91961],{"id":1501},[18,91960,28],{},[18,91962,1277],{},[14,91964,1505],{},[34,91966,91968],{"className":36,"code":91967,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91969,91970],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91971,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91973,60625],{"class":141},[43,91975,145],{"class":53},[43,91977,154],{"class":104},[43,91979,108],{"class":53},[43,91981,5221],{"class":104},[43,91983,108],{"class":53},[43,91985,4447],{"class":104},[43,91987,346],{"class":53},[14,91989,1550,91990,91992],{},[18,91991,1553],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[81,91994,2445,91996,91998,91999,92001],{"id":91995},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91997,36826],{}," in a ",[18,92000,6574],{}," loop",[14,92003,92004,92006],{},[18,92005,36826],{}," is most useful when:",[389,92008,92009,92012,92015],{},[392,92010,92011],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[392,92013,92014],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[392,92016,92017,92018],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,92019,92020],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,92022,494],{},[34,92024,92026],{"className":36,"code":92025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,92027,92028,92044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92029,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92031,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92033,70170],{"class":49},[43,92035,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92037,54698],{"class":141},[43,92039,145],{"class":53},[43,92041,181],{"class":104},[43,92043,8960],{"class":53},[43,92045,92046,92048,92050,92052,92055,92057,92059,92061],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92047,8687],{"class":141},[43,92049,145],{"class":53},[43,92051,265],{"class":264},[43,92053,92054],{"class":268},"Loop number:",[43,92056,265],{"class":264},[43,92058,108],{"class":53},[43,92060,36758],{"class":148},[43,92062,346],{"class":53},[14,92064,349],{},[34,92066,92068],{"className":36,"code":92067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,92069,92070,92079,92087],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92071,92072,92075,92077],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92073,92074],{"class":49},"Loop number",[43,92076,59],{"class":53},[43,92078,39140],{"class":104},[43,92080,92081,92083,92085],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92082,92074],{"class":49},[43,92084,59],{"class":53},[43,92086,30240],{"class":104},[43,92088,92089,92091,92093],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92090,92074],{"class":49},[43,92092,59],{"class":53},[43,92094,46216],{"class":104},[1499,92096,92098],{"id":92097},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[34,92100,92102],{"className":36,"code":92101,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,92103,92104,92120],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92105,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92107,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92109,70170],{"class":49},[43,92111,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92113,54698],{"class":141},[43,92115,145],{"class":53},[43,92117,831],{"class":104},[43,92119,8960],{"class":53},[43,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92123,8687],{"class":141},[43,92125,145],{"class":53},[43,92127,265],{"class":264},[43,92129,35496],{"class":268},[43,92131,265],{"class":264},[43,92133,346],{"class":53},[14,92135,92136,92137,92139],{},"This prints ",[18,92138,90805],{}," five times.",[1499,92141,92143],{"id":92142},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[34,92145,92147],{"className":36,"code":92146,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,92148,92149,92169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92150,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92152,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92154,70170],{"class":49},[43,92156,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92158,54698],{"class":141},[43,92160,145],{"class":53},[43,92162,154],{"class":104},[43,92164,108],{"class":53},[43,92166,3064],{"class":104},[43,92168,8960],{"class":53},[43,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177,92180,92182,92184,92186],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92172,8687],{"class":141},[43,92174,145],{"class":53},[43,92176,265],{"class":264},[43,92178,92179],{"class":268},"Current number is",[43,92181,265],{"class":264},[43,92183,108],{"class":53},[43,92185,36758],{"class":148},[43,92187,346],{"class":53},[14,92189,349],{},[34,92191,92193],{"className":36,"code":92192,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,92194,92195,92204,92212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92196,92197,92200,92202],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92198,92199],{"class":49},"Current number ",[43,92201,12817],{"class":97},[43,92203,30240],{"class":104},[43,92205,92206,92208,92210],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92207,92199],{"class":49},[43,92209,12817],{"class":97},[43,92211,46216],{"class":104},[43,92213,92214,92216,92218],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92215,92199],{"class":49},[43,92217,12817],{"class":97},[43,92219,3184],{"class":104},[1499,92221,92223,92225],{"id":92222},"range-and-indexing",[18,92224,36826],{}," and indexing",[14,92227,92228],{},"You may see code like this:",[34,92230,92232],{"className":36,"code":92231,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,92233,92234,92266,92270,92290],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92237,8398],{"class":49},[43,92239,98],{"class":97},[43,92241,101],{"class":53},[43,92243,265],{"class":264},[43,92245,269],{"class":268},[43,92247,265],{"class":264},[43,92249,108],{"class":53},[43,92251,276],{"class":264},[43,92253,279],{"class":268},[43,92255,265],{"class":264},[43,92257,108],{"class":53},[43,92259,276],{"class":264},[43,92261,288],{"class":268},[43,92263,265],{"class":264},[43,92265,68],{"class":53},[43,92267,92268],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92269,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92271,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92273,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92275,70170],{"class":49},[43,92277,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92279,54698],{"class":141},[43,92281,145],{"class":53},[43,92283,2370],{"class":141},[43,92285,145],{"class":53},[43,92287,8427],{"class":148},[43,92289,70185],{"class":53},[43,92291,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92293,8687],{"class":141},[43,92295,145],{"class":53},[43,92297,36782],{"class":148},[43,92299,108],{"class":53},[43,92301,704],{"class":148},[43,92303,54],{"class":53},[43,92305,36782],{"class":148},[43,92307,1547],{"class":53},[14,92309,349],{},[34,92311,92312],{"className":36,"code":36794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92313,92314,92320,92326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92315,92316,92318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92317,1277],{"class":104},[43,92319,36803],{"class":49},[43,92321,92322,92324],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92323,154],{"class":104},[43,92325,36810],{"class":49},[43,92327,92328,92330],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92329,201],{"class":104},[43,92331,36817],{"class":49},[14,92333,92334,92335,92339],{},"This works, and it uses ",[269,92336,92337],{"href":42984},[18,92338,2448],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92341,92342],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[34,92344,92346],{"className":36,"code":92345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,92347,92348,92380,92384,92396],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92349,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92351,8398],{"class":49},[43,92353,98],{"class":97},[43,92355,101],{"class":53},[43,92357,265],{"class":264},[43,92359,269],{"class":268},[43,92361,265],{"class":264},[43,92363,108],{"class":53},[43,92365,276],{"class":264},[43,92367,279],{"class":268},[43,92369,265],{"class":264},[43,92371,108],{"class":53},[43,92373,276],{"class":264},[43,92375,288],{"class":268},[43,92377,265],{"class":264},[43,92379,68],{"class":53},[43,92381,92382],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92383,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92385,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92387,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92389,6577],{"class":49},[43,92391,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92393,704],{"class":49},[43,92395,7009],{"class":53},[43,92397,92398,92400,92402,92404],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92399,8687],{"class":141},[43,92401,145],{"class":53},[43,92403,23933],{"class":148},[43,92405,346],{"class":53},[14,92407,37221,92408,92413],{},[269,92409,92411],{"href":92410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,92412,36379],{}," is usually a better choice:",[34,92415,92417],{"className":36,"code":92416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,92418,92419,92451,92455,92475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92420,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92422,8398],{"class":49},[43,92424,98],{"class":97},[43,92426,101],{"class":53},[43,92428,265],{"class":264},[43,92430,269],{"class":268},[43,92432,265],{"class":264},[43,92434,108],{"class":53},[43,92436,276],{"class":264},[43,92438,279],{"class":268},[43,92440,265],{"class":264},[43,92442,108],{"class":53},[43,92444,276],{"class":264},[43,92446,288],{"class":268},[43,92448,265],{"class":264},[43,92450,68],{"class":53},[43,92452,92453],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92454,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92456,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92458,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92460,36451],{"class":49},[43,92462,108],{"class":53},[43,92464,6577],{"class":49},[43,92466,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92468,36461],{"class":141},[43,92470,145],{"class":53},[43,92472,8427],{"class":148},[43,92474,8960],{"class":53},[43,92476,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92478,8687],{"class":141},[43,92480,145],{"class":53},[43,92482,36476],{"class":148},[43,92484,108],{"class":53},[43,92486,30132],{"class":148},[43,92488,346],{"class":53},[14,92490,79505,92491,79],{},[269,92492,37234,92493,37237],{"href":37233},[18,92494,36379],{},[81,92496,92498,92499,92501],{"id":92497},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92500,36826],{}," to a list",[14,92503,92504,92506],{},[18,92505,36826],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92508,92509,92510,59],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92511,25404],{},[34,92513,92515],{"className":36,"code":92514,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92516,92517],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92518,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92520,142],{"class":141},[43,92522,145],{"class":53},[43,92524,8712],{"class":3510},[43,92526,145],{"class":53},[43,92528,60625],{"class":141},[43,92530,145],{"class":53},[43,92532,181],{"class":104},[43,92534,3521],{"class":53},[14,92536,349],{},[34,92538,92540],{"className":36,"code":92539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92541,92542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92543,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552,92554,92556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92545,54],{"class":53},[43,92547,1277],{"class":104},[43,92549,108],{"class":53},[43,92551,6113],{"class":104},[43,92553,108],{"class":53},[43,92555,1525],{"class":104},[43,92557,68],{"class":53},[14,92559,33939],{},[389,92561,92562,92567,92570],{},[392,92563,92564,92565,42711],{},"learning how ",[18,92566,36826],{},[392,92568,92569],{},"checking your values",[392,92571,92572],{},"debugging code",[14,92574,996],{},[34,92576,92578],{"className":36,"code":92577,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92579,92580,92594,92598,92608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92581,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92583,94],{"class":49},[43,92585,98],{"class":97},[43,92587,54698],{"class":141},[43,92589,145],{"class":53},[43,92591,159],{"class":104},[43,92593,346],{"class":53},[43,92595,92596],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92597,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92599,92600,92602,92604,92606],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92601,142],{"class":141},[43,92603,145],{"class":53},[43,92605,149],{"class":148},[43,92607,346],{"class":53},[43,92609,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92611,142],{"class":141},[43,92613,145],{"class":53},[43,92615,8712],{"class":3510},[43,92617,145],{"class":53},[43,92619,149],{"class":148},[43,92621,2377],{"class":53},[14,92623,349],{},[34,92625,92627],{"className":36,"code":92626,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92628,92629,92643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92630,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92632,60625],{"class":141},[43,92634,145],{"class":53},[43,92636,1277],{"class":104},[43,92638,108],{"class":53},[43,92640,3064],{"class":104},[43,92642,346],{"class":53},[43,92644,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92646,54],{"class":53},[43,92648,1277],{"class":104},[43,92650,108],{"class":53},[43,92652,6113],{"class":104},[43,92654,108],{"class":53},[43,92656,1525],{"class":104},[43,92658,108],{"class":53},[43,92660,1530],{"class":104},[43,92662,68],{"class":53},[14,92664,92665,92666,11205,92668,92671],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92667,60625],{},[18,92669,92670],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[81,92673,5134],{"id":5133},[14,92675,34168,92676,79],{},[18,92677,36826],{},[1499,92679,92681],{"id":92680},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92683,92684],{},"Many beginners think this:",[34,92686,92688],{"className":36,"code":92687,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92689,92690],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92691,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92693,142],{"class":141},[43,92695,145],{"class":53},[43,92697,8712],{"class":3510},[43,92699,145],{"class":53},[43,92701,60625],{"class":141},[43,92703,145],{"class":53},[43,92705,154],{"class":104},[43,92707,108],{"class":53},[43,92709,5221],{"class":104},[43,92711,3521],{"class":53},[14,92713,92714],{},"will produce:",[34,92716,92718],{"className":36,"code":92717,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92719,92720],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92721,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92723,54],{"class":53},[43,92725,154],{"class":104},[43,92727,108],{"class":53},[43,92729,1525],{"class":104},[43,92731,108],{"class":53},[43,92733,1530],{"class":104},[43,92735,108],{"class":53},[43,92737,3064],{"class":104},[43,92739,108],{"class":53},[43,92741,5221],{"class":104},[43,92743,68],{"class":53},[14,92745,92746],{},"But the real output is:",[34,92748,92749],{"className":36,"code":54133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92750,92751],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92752,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92754,54],{"class":53},[43,92756,154],{"class":104},[43,92758,108],{"class":53},[43,92760,1525],{"class":104},[43,92762,108],{"class":53},[43,92764,1530],{"class":104},[43,92766,108],{"class":53},[43,92768,3064],{"class":104},[43,92770,68],{"class":53},[14,92772,92773],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1499,92775,5195,92777,92779,92780],{"id":92776},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92778,91241],{}," starts at ",[18,92781,154],{},[14,92783,38095,92784,19585,92786,79],{},[18,92785,1277],{},[18,92787,154],{},[34,92789,92790],{"className":36,"code":91434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92791,92792],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92793,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92795,142],{"class":141},[43,92797,145],{"class":53},[43,92799,8712],{"class":3510},[43,92801,145],{"class":53},[43,92803,60625],{"class":141},[43,92805,145],{"class":53},[43,92807,831],{"class":104},[43,92809,3521],{"class":53},[14,92811,349],{},[34,92813,92814],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92815,92816],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92817,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92819,54],{"class":53},[43,92821,1277],{"class":104},[43,92823,108],{"class":53},[43,92825,6113],{"class":104},[43,92827,108],{"class":53},[43,92829,1525],{"class":104},[43,92831,108],{"class":53},[43,92833,1530],{"class":104},[43,92835,108],{"class":53},[43,92837,3064],{"class":104},[43,92839,68],{"class":53},[1499,92841,92843],{"id":92842},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92845,92846,92847,59],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92848,3567],{},[34,92850,92852],{"className":36,"code":92851,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92853,92854,92873,92877,92894],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92855,92856,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869,92871],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92857,92858],{"class":49},"user_number ",[43,92860,98],{"class":97},[43,92862,8861],{"class":141},[43,92864,145],{"class":53},[43,92866,265],{"class":264},[43,92868,42497],{"class":268},[43,92870,265],{"class":264},[43,92872,346],{"class":53},[43,92874,92875],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92876,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92878,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92892],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92880,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92882,70170],{"class":49},[43,92884,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92886,54698],{"class":141},[43,92888,145],{"class":53},[43,92890,92891],{"class":148},"user_number",[43,92893,8960],{"class":53},[43,92895,92896,92898,92900,92902],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92897,8687],{"class":141},[43,92899,145],{"class":53},[43,92901,36782],{"class":148},[43,92903,346],{"class":53},[14,92905,49138,92906,92908],{},[18,92907,3567],{}," returns a string.",[14,92910,11428],{},[34,92912,92914],{"className":36,"code":92913,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92915,92916,92938,92942,92958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92917,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92919,92858],{"class":49},[43,92921,98],{"class":97},[43,92923,45903],{"class":3510},[43,92925,145],{"class":53},[43,92927,43088],{"class":141},[43,92929,145],{"class":53},[43,92931,265],{"class":264},[43,92933,42497],{"class":268},[43,92935,265],{"class":264},[43,92937,2377],{"class":53},[43,92939,92940],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,92941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,92943,92944,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,92945,6574],{"class":4491},[43,92947,70170],{"class":49},[43,92949,4498],{"class":4491},[43,92951,54698],{"class":141},[43,92953,145],{"class":53},[43,92955,92891],{"class":148},[43,92957,8960],{"class":53},[43,92959,92960,92962,92964,92966],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,92961,8687],{"class":141},[43,92963,145],{"class":53},[43,92965,36782],{"class":148},[43,92967,346],{"class":53},[14,92969,92970,92971,79],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[269,92972,51152,92973],{"href":51151},[18,92974,51155],{},[1499,92976,92978,92979,92981,92982],{"id":92977},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92980,20],{}," smaller than ",[18,92983,24],{},[14,92985,92986],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[34,92988,92989],{"className":36,"code":91916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92990,92991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92992,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92994,142],{"class":141},[43,92996,145],{"class":53},[43,92998,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93000,145],{"class":53},[43,93002,60625],{"class":141},[43,93004,145],{"class":53},[43,93006,154],{"class":104},[43,93008,108],{"class":53},[43,93010,5221],{"class":104},[43,93012,108],{"class":53},[43,93014,2828],{"class":97},[43,93016,154],{"class":104},[43,93018,3521],{"class":53},[14,93020,349],{},[34,93022,93023],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,93024,93025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93026,93027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93028,1778],{"class":53},[14,93030,93031],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1499,93033,26240,93035],{"id":93034},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,93036,93037],{},"step = 0",[14,93039,2277],{},[34,93041,93043],{"className":36,"code":93042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,93044,93045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93046,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93048,60625],{"class":141},[43,93050,145],{"class":53},[43,93052,154],{"class":104},[43,93054,108],{"class":53},[43,93056,977],{"class":104},[43,93058,108],{"class":53},[43,93060,4447],{"class":104},[43,93062,346],{"class":53},[14,93064,93065],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1499,93067,1849,93069,93071],{"id":93068},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,93070,36826],{}," is not a list",[14,93073,93074],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[34,93076,93078],{"className":36,"code":93077,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\n",[18,93079,93080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93081,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93083,142],{"class":141},[43,93085,145],{"class":53},[43,93087,60625],{"class":141},[43,93089,145],{"class":53},[43,93091,831],{"class":104},[43,93093,2377],{"class":53},[14,93095,349],{},[34,93097,93099],{"className":36,"code":93098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,93100,93101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93102,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93104,60625],{"class":141},[43,93106,145],{"class":53},[43,93108,1277],{"class":104},[43,93110,108],{"class":53},[43,93112,5221],{"class":104},[43,93114,346],{"class":53},[14,93116,93117],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[34,93119,93120],{"className":36,"code":91434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,93121,93122],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93123,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93125,142],{"class":141},[43,93127,145],{"class":53},[43,93129,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93131,145],{"class":53},[43,93133,60625],{"class":141},[43,93135,145],{"class":53},[43,93137,831],{"class":104},[43,93139,3521],{"class":53},[14,93141,349],{},[34,93143,93144],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,93145,93146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93147,93148,93150,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166,93168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93149,54],{"class":53},[43,93151,1277],{"class":104},[43,93153,108],{"class":53},[43,93155,6113],{"class":104},[43,93157,108],{"class":53},[43,93159,1525],{"class":104},[43,93161,108],{"class":53},[43,93163,1530],{"class":104},[43,93165,108],{"class":53},[43,93167,3064],{"class":104},[43,93169,68],{"class":53},[81,93171,93173],{"id":93172},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,93175,1261,93176,82727],{},[18,93177,36826],{},[34,93179,93181],{"className":36,"code":93180,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,93182,93183,93197,93215,93237,93265],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93184,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93186,142],{"class":141},[43,93188,145],{"class":53},[43,93190,60625],{"class":141},[43,93192,145],{"class":53},[43,93194,831],{"class":104},[43,93196,2377],{"class":53},[43,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211,93213],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93200,142],{"class":141},[43,93202,145],{"class":53},[43,93204,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93206,145],{"class":53},[43,93208,60625],{"class":141},[43,93210,145],{"class":53},[43,93212,831],{"class":104},[43,93214,3521],{"class":53},[43,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233,93235],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,93218,142],{"class":141},[43,93220,145],{"class":53},[43,93222,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93224,145],{"class":53},[43,93226,60625],{"class":141},[43,93228,145],{"class":53},[43,93230,201],{"class":104},[43,93232,108],{"class":53},[43,93234,6975],{"class":104},[43,93236,3521],{"class":53},[43,93238,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,93240,142],{"class":141},[43,93242,145],{"class":53},[43,93244,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93246,145],{"class":53},[43,93248,60625],{"class":141},[43,93250,145],{"class":53},[43,93252,105],{"class":104},[43,93254,108],{"class":53},[43,93256,4447],{"class":104},[43,93258,108],{"class":53},[43,93260,2828],{"class":97},[43,93262,201],{"class":104},[43,93264,3521],{"class":53},[43,93266,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,93268,142],{"class":141},[43,93270,145],{"class":53},[43,93272,3832],{"class":3510},[43,93274,145],{"class":53},[43,93276,60625],{"class":141},[43,93278,145],{"class":53},[43,93280,831],{"class":104},[43,93282,3521],{"class":53},[14,93284,26632],{},[389,93286,93287,93290,93293],{},[392,93288,93289],{},"what values are being created",[392,93291,93292],{},"whether the direction is correct",[392,93294,93295,93296,25240],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,93297,60625],{},[81,93299,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,93301,13328,93303,93305],{"id":93302},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,93304,36826],{}," include the last number?",[14,93307,93308],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1499,93310,5772,93312,93314,93315,2490],{"id":93311},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,93313,91241],{}," start at ",[18,93316,1277],{},[14,93318,93319,93320,79],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,93321,1277],{},[1499,93323,5784,93325,93327],{"id":93324},"can-range-count-backward",[18,93326,36826],{}," count backward?",[14,93329,93330,93331,79],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,93332,93333],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1499,93335,15527,93337,26667],{"id":93336},"is-range-a-list",[18,93338,36826],{},[14,93340,26670,93341,93343,93344,24561],{},[18,93342,60625],{}," object. Use ",[18,93345,93346],{},"list(range(...))",[1499,93348,5772,93350,49312],{"id":93349},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,93351,93352],{},"range(input())",[14,93354,93355,4095,93357,79],{},[18,93356,3567],{},[18,93358,93359],{},"int(input())",[81,93361,2497],{"id":2496},[389,93363,93364,93368,93374,93380,93386],{},[392,93365,93366],{},[269,93367,36659],{"href":36658},[392,93369,93370],{},[269,93371,4187,93372,4120],{"href":42984},[18,93373,2448],{},[392,93375,93376],{},[269,93377,4187,93378,4120],{"href":92410},[18,93379,36379],{},[392,93381,93382],{},[269,93383,38146,93384,37237],{"href":37233},[18,93385,36379],{},[392,93387,93388],{},[269,93389,51152,93390],{"href":51151},[18,93391,51155],{},[2536,93393,93394],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":93396},[93397,93398,93400,93406,93414,93421,93423,93435,93436,93448],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":91250,"depth":131,"text":93399},"What range() does",{"id":91343,"depth":131,"text":93401,"children":93402},"range() syntax",[93403,93404,93405],{"id":91423,"depth":138,"text":91426},{"id":91487,"depth":138,"text":91490},{"id":91555,"depth":138,"text":91558},{"id":91626,"depth":131,"text":91627,"children":93407},[93408,93409,93410,93411,93412],{"id":91633,"depth":138,"text":91241},{"id":91696,"depth":138,"text":91699},{"id":91760,"depth":138,"text":91763},{"id":91836,"depth":138,"text":91837},{"id":1501,"depth":138,"text":93413},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91995,"depth":131,"text":93415,"children":93416},"Using range() in a for loop",[93417,93418,93419],{"id":92097,"depth":138,"text":92098},{"id":92142,"depth":138,"text":92143},{"id":92222,"depth":138,"text":93420},"range() and indexing",{"id":92497,"depth":131,"text":93422},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":93424},[93425,93426,93428,93429,93431,93433],{"id":92680,"depth":138,"text":92681},{"id":92776,"depth":138,"text":93427},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92842,"depth":138,"text":92843},{"id":92977,"depth":138,"text":93430},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93034,"depth":138,"text":93432},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93068,"depth":138,"text":93434},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93172,"depth":131,"text":93173},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":93437},[93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"id":93302,"depth":138,"text":93439},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93311,"depth":138,"text":93441},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93324,"depth":138,"text":93443},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93336,"depth":138,"text":93445},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93349,"depth":138,"text":93447},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91144,"description":93449},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93456,"title":93457,"body":93458,"description":95131,"extension":2572,"meta":95132,"navigation":134,"path":95133,"seo":95134,"stem":95135,"__hash__":95136},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93459,"toc":95104},[93460,93469,93476,93493,93509,93511,93560,93568,93572,93575,93595,93597,93661,93663,93706,93709,93755,93757,93790,93800,93806,93814,93831,93833,93864,93866,93891,93896,93907,93910,93980,93982,94013,94018,94023,94040,94042,94093,94095,94128,94131,94138,94143,94147,94163,94165,94209,94211,94257,94260,94273,94278,94282,94296,94298,94349,94351,94384,94389,94391,94398,94400,94423,94425,94490,94492,94509,94512,94545,94547,94575,94585,94592,94596,94599,94617,94620,94648,94651,94669,94674,94680,94683,94705,94707,94735,94737,94740,94765,94768,94881,94883,94962,94964,94970,94975,94983,94991,94995,94998,95000,95033,95035,95043,95049,95056,95063,95066,95068,95101],[10,93461,4187,93463,11205,93465,93468],{"id":93462},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93464,36826],{},[18,93466,93467],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93470,93471,1233,93473,93475],{},[18,93472,36826],{},[18,93474,93467],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[389,93477,93478,93486],{},[392,93479,93480,93482,93483],{},[18,93481,36826],{}," creates a ",[76,93484,93485],{},"range object",[392,93487,93488,93482,93490],{},[18,93489,93467],{},[76,93491,93492],{},"real list",[14,93494,93495,93496,93498,93499,93502,93503,93505,93506,93508],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93497,91241],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93500,93501],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93504,36826],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93507,93467],{}," when you actually need a list.",[81,93510,4221],{"id":4220},[34,93512,93514],{"className":36,"code":93513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93515,93516,93530,93543],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93517,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93519,94],{"class":49},[43,93521,98],{"class":97},[43,93523,54698],{"class":141},[43,93525,145],{"class":53},[43,93527,831],{"class":104},[43,93529,346],{"class":53},[43,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93533,142],{"class":141},[43,93535,145],{"class":53},[43,93537,149],{"class":148},[43,93539,4272],{"class":53},[43,93541,93542],{"class":165},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[43,93544,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,93546,142],{"class":141},[43,93548,145],{"class":53},[43,93550,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93552,145],{"class":53},[43,93554,149],{"class":148},[43,93556,5977],{"class":53},[43,93558,93559],{"class":165},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93561,230,93562,93564,93565,93567],{},[18,93563,36826],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93566,93467],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[81,93569,93571],{"id":93570},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93573,93574],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[389,93576,93577,93584,93589,93592],{},[392,93578,93579,22597,93581,93583],{},[18,93580,36826],{},[76,93582,93485],{},", not a list",[392,93585,93586,93588],{},[18,93587,93467],{}," converts that range object into a list",[392,93590,93591],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[392,93593,93594],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93596,494],{},[34,93598,93600],{"className":36,"code":93599,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93601,93602,93617,93636,93640,93650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93603,93604,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93605,93606],{"class":49},"r ",[43,93608,98],{"class":97},[43,93610,54698],{"class":141},[43,93612,145],{"class":53},[43,93614,831],{"class":104},[43,93616,346],{"class":53},[43,93618,93619,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93620,93621],{"class":49},"lst ",[43,93623,98],{"class":97},[43,93625,23182],{"class":3510},[43,93627,145],{"class":53},[43,93629,60625],{"class":141},[43,93631,145],{"class":53},[43,93633,831],{"class":104},[43,93635,2377],{"class":53},[43,93637,93638],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,93639,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,93641,93642,93644,93646,93648],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,93643,142],{"class":141},[43,93645,145],{"class":53},[43,93647,61131],{"class":148},[43,93649,346],{"class":53},[43,93651,93652,93654,93656,93659],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,93653,142],{"class":141},[43,93655,145],{"class":53},[43,93657,93658],{"class":148},"lst",[43,93660,346],{"class":53},[14,93662,349],{},[34,93664,93666],{"className":36,"code":93665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93667,93668,93682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93669,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93671,60625],{"class":141},[43,93673,145],{"class":53},[43,93675,1277],{"class":104},[43,93677,108],{"class":53},[43,93679,5221],{"class":104},[43,93681,346],{"class":53},[43,93683,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93685,54],{"class":53},[43,93687,1277],{"class":104},[43,93689,108],{"class":53},[43,93691,6113],{"class":104},[43,93693,108],{"class":53},[43,93695,1525],{"class":104},[43,93697,108],{"class":53},[43,93699,1530],{"class":104},[43,93701,108],{"class":53},[43,93703,3064],{"class":104},[43,93705,68],{"class":53},[14,93707,93708],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[34,93710,93712],{"className":36,"code":93711,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93713,93714,93732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93715,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93717,142],{"class":141},[43,93719,145],{"class":53},[43,93721,3832],{"class":3510},[43,93723,145],{"class":53},[43,93725,60625],{"class":141},[43,93727,145],{"class":53},[43,93729,831],{"class":104},[43,93731,3521],{"class":53},[43,93733,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93735,142],{"class":141},[43,93737,145],{"class":53},[43,93739,3832],{"class":3510},[43,93741,145],{"class":53},[43,93743,8712],{"class":3510},[43,93745,145],{"class":53},[43,93747,60625],{"class":141},[43,93749,145],{"class":53},[43,93751,831],{"class":104},[43,93753,93754],{"class":53},"))))\n",[14,93756,349],{},[34,93758,93760],{"className":36,"code":93759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93761,93762,93776],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93763,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93765,3901],{"class":97},[43,93767,3904],{"class":2671},[43,93769,370],{"class":264},[43,93771,60625],{"class":268},[43,93773,361],{"class":264},[43,93775,3913],{"class":97},[43,93777,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93779,3901],{"class":97},[43,93781,3904],{"class":2671},[43,93783,370],{"class":264},[43,93785,8712],{"class":268},[43,93787,361],{"class":264},[43,93789,3913],{"class":97},[14,93791,93792,93793,93795,93796,79],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93794,36826],{}," works, see ",[269,93797,4187,93798,4120],{"href":93451},[18,93799,36826],{},[81,93801,4289,93803,93805],{"id":93802},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93804,36826],{}," gives you",[14,93807,93808,93810,93811,93813],{},[18,93809,36826],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93812,6574],{}," loops.",[389,93815,93816,93819,93822,93825],{},[392,93817,93818],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[392,93820,93821],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[392,93823,93824],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[392,93826,93827,93828],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93829,93830],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93832,494],{},[34,93834,93836],{"className":36,"code":93835,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93837,93838,93854],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93839,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93841,6574],{"class":4491},[43,93843,70170],{"class":49},[43,93845,4498],{"class":4491},[43,93847,54698],{"class":141},[43,93849,145],{"class":53},[43,93851,831],{"class":104},[43,93853,8960],{"class":53},[43,93855,93856,93858,93860,93862],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93857,8687],{"class":141},[43,93859,145],{"class":53},[43,93861,36782],{"class":148},[43,93863,346],{"class":53},[14,93865,349],{},[34,93867,93869],{"className":36,"code":93868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93870,93871,93875,93879,93883,93887],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93872,93873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93874,47879],{"class":104},[43,93876,93877],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93878,47544],{"class":104},[43,93880,93881],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,93882,17678],{"class":104},[43,93884,93885],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,93886,47244],{"class":104},[43,93888,93889],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,93890,49278],{"class":104},[14,93892,21392,93893,93895],{},[18,93894,91241],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93897,93898,93899,93901,93902,79],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93900,36826],{}," is so common with ",[269,93903,4187,93905,91272],{"href":93904},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93906,6574],{},[14,93908,93909],{},"You can also inspect it:",[34,93911,93913],{"className":36,"code":93912,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93914,93915,93937,93941,93951,93965],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93916,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93918,93606],{"class":49},[43,93920,98],{"class":97},[43,93922,54698],{"class":141},[43,93924,145],{"class":53},[43,93926,201],{"class":104},[43,93928,108],{"class":53},[43,93930,977],{"class":104},[43,93932,108],{"class":53},[43,93934,1525],{"class":104},[43,93936,346],{"class":53},[43,93938,93939],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,93940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,93942,93943,93945,93947,93949],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,93944,142],{"class":141},[43,93946,145],{"class":53},[43,93948,61131],{"class":148},[43,93950,346],{"class":53},[43,93952,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,93954,142],{"class":141},[43,93956,145],{"class":53},[43,93958,2370],{"class":141},[43,93960,145],{"class":53},[43,93962,61131],{"class":148},[43,93964,2377],{"class":53},[43,93966,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93978],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,93968,142],{"class":141},[43,93970,145],{"class":53},[43,93972,80981],{"class":104},[43,93974,21795],{"class":4491},[43,93976,93977],{"class":148}," r",[43,93979,346],{"class":53},[14,93981,349],{},[34,93983,93985],{"className":36,"code":93984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93986,93987,94005,94009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93988,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93990,60625],{"class":141},[43,93992,145],{"class":53},[43,93994,201],{"class":104},[43,93996,108],{"class":53},[43,93998,977],{"class":104},[43,94000,108],{"class":53},[43,94002,1525],{"class":104},[43,94004,346],{"class":53},[43,94006,94007],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94008,49278],{"class":104},[43,94010,94011],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94012,4594],{"class":4466},[81,94014,4289,94016,93805],{"id":94015},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,94017,93467],{},[14,94019,94020,94022],{},[18,94021,93467],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[389,94024,94025,94028,94031,94034],{},[392,94026,94027],{},"It creates all values at once",[392,94029,94030],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[392,94032,94033],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[392,94035,94036,94037,94039],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,94038,36826],{}," for very large sequences",[14,94041,494],{},[34,94043,94045],{"className":36,"code":94044,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,94046,94047,94065,94069,94079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94048,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94050,94],{"class":49},[43,94052,98],{"class":97},[43,94054,23182],{"class":3510},[43,94056,145],{"class":53},[43,94058,60625],{"class":141},[43,94060,145],{"class":53},[43,94062,831],{"class":104},[43,94064,2377],{"class":53},[43,94066,94067],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94068,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,94070,94071,94073,94075,94077],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94072,142],{"class":141},[43,94074,145],{"class":53},[43,94076,149],{"class":148},[43,94078,346],{"class":53},[43,94080,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94082,142],{"class":141},[43,94084,145],{"class":53},[43,94086,149],{"class":148},[43,94088,54],{"class":53},[43,94090,201],{"class":104},[43,94092,1547],{"class":53},[14,94094,349],{},[34,94096,94098],{"className":36,"code":94097,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,94099,94100,94124],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94103,54],{"class":53},[43,94105,1277],{"class":104},[43,94107,108],{"class":53},[43,94109,6113],{"class":104},[43,94111,108],{"class":53},[43,94113,1525],{"class":104},[43,94115,108],{"class":53},[43,94117,1530],{"class":104},[43,94119,108],{"class":53},[43,94121,3064],{"class":104},[43,94123,68],{"class":53},[43,94125,94126],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94127,17678],{"class":104},[14,94129,94130],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,94132,94133,94134,79],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[269,94135,4187,94136,4120],{"href":65473},[18,94137,25404],{},[81,94139,5576,94141],{"id":94140},"when-to-use-range",[18,94142,36826],{},[14,94144,230,94145,11221],{},[18,94146,36826],{},[389,94148,94149,94154,94157,94160],{},[392,94150,94151,94152,92001],{},"You are writing a ",[18,94153,6574],{},[392,94155,94156],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[392,94158,94159],{},"You are working with large sequences",[392,94161,94162],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,94164,494],{},[34,94166,94168],{"className":36,"code":94167,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,94169,94170,94190],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94171,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94173,6574],{"class":4491},[43,94175,70170],{"class":49},[43,94177,4498],{"class":4491},[43,94179,54698],{"class":141},[43,94181,145],{"class":53},[43,94183,154],{"class":104},[43,94185,108],{"class":53},[43,94187,38271],{"class":104},[43,94189,8960],{"class":53},[43,94191,94192,94194,94196,94198,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94193,8687],{"class":141},[43,94195,145],{"class":53},[43,94197,265],{"class":264},[43,94199,94200],{"class":268},"Count:",[43,94202,265],{"class":264},[43,94204,108],{"class":53},[43,94206,36758],{"class":148},[43,94208,346],{"class":53},[14,94210,349],{},[34,94212,94214],{"className":36,"code":94213,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,94215,94216,94225,94233,94241,94249],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94217,94218,94221,94223],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94219,94220],{"class":49},"Count",[43,94222,59],{"class":53},[43,94224,30240],{"class":104},[43,94226,94227,94229,94231],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94228,94220],{"class":49},[43,94230,59],{"class":53},[43,94232,46216],{"class":104},[43,94234,94235,94237,94239],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94236,94220],{"class":49},[43,94238,59],{"class":53},[43,94240,3184],{"class":104},[43,94242,94243,94245,94247],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94244,94220],{"class":49},[43,94246,59],{"class":53},[43,94248,24286],{"class":104},[43,94250,94251,94253,94255],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,94252,94220],{"class":49},[43,94254,59],{"class":53},[43,94256,35471],{"class":104},[14,94258,94259],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,94261,94262,94263,94265,94266,62913,94268,79],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,94264,36379],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,94267,37227],{},[269,94269,37234,94271,37237],{"href":94270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,94272,36379],{},[81,94274,5576,94276],{"id":94275},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,94277,93467],{},[14,94279,230,94280,11221],{},[18,94281,93467],{},[389,94283,94284,94287,94290,94293],{},[392,94285,94286],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[392,94288,94289],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[392,94291,94292],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[392,94294,94295],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94297,494],{},[34,94299,94301],{"className":36,"code":94300,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,94302,94303,94321,94335,94339],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94306,94],{"class":49},[43,94308,98],{"class":97},[43,94310,23182],{"class":3510},[43,94312,145],{"class":53},[43,94314,60625],{"class":141},[43,94316,145],{"class":53},[43,94318,831],{"class":104},[43,94320,2377],{"class":53},[43,94322,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94324,149],{"class":49},[43,94326,79],{"class":53},[43,94328,14178],{"class":148},[43,94330,145],{"class":53},[43,94332,831],{"class":104},[43,94334,346],{"class":53},[43,94336,94337],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94338,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,94340,94341,94343,94345,94347],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94342,142],{"class":141},[43,94344,145],{"class":53},[43,94346,149],{"class":148},[43,94348,346],{"class":53},[14,94350,349],{},[34,94352,94354],{"className":36,"code":94353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,94355,94356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94357,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94359,54],{"class":53},[43,94361,1277],{"class":104},[43,94363,108],{"class":53},[43,94365,6113],{"class":104},[43,94367,108],{"class":53},[43,94369,1525],{"class":104},[43,94371,108],{"class":53},[43,94373,1530],{"class":104},[43,94375,108],{"class":53},[43,94377,3064],{"class":104},[43,94379,108],{"class":53},[43,94381,5221],{"class":104},[43,94383,68],{"class":53},[14,94385,6675,94386,94388],{},[18,94387,149],{}," is a list.",[81,94390,16219],{"id":16218},[14,94392,94393,94395,94396,79],{},[18,94394,36826],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[76,94397,38225],{},[14,94399,2713],{},[389,94401,94402,94404,94409,94414,94417],{},[392,94403,22607],{},[392,94405,94406,94407],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,94408,2448],{},[392,94410,94411,94412],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,94413,4498],{},[392,94415,94416],{},"You can index it",[392,94418,94419,94420,94422],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,94421,53280],{}," do not work on it",[14,94424,494],{},[34,94426,94428],{"className":36,"code":94427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,94429,94430,94444,94448,94462,94476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94431,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94433,93606],{"class":49},[43,94435,98],{"class":97},[43,94437,54698],{"class":141},[43,94439,145],{"class":53},[43,94441,831],{"class":104},[43,94443,346],{"class":53},[43,94445,94446],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94447,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,94449,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94451,142],{"class":141},[43,94453,145],{"class":53},[43,94455,61131],{"class":148},[43,94457,54],{"class":53},[43,94459,201],{"class":104},[43,94461,1547],{"class":53},[43,94463,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94465,142],{"class":141},[43,94467,145],{"class":53},[43,94469,2370],{"class":141},[43,94471,145],{"class":53},[43,94473,61131],{"class":148},[43,94475,2377],{"class":53},[43,94477,94478,94480,94482,94484,94486,94488],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,94479,142],{"class":141},[43,94481,145],{"class":53},[43,94483,181],{"class":104},[43,94485,21795],{"class":4491},[43,94487,93977],{"class":148},[43,94489,346],{"class":53},[14,94491,349],{},[34,94493,94495],{"className":36,"code":94494,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94496,94497,94501,94505],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94498,94499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94500,17678],{"class":104},[43,94502,94503],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94504,3556],{"class":104},[43,94506,94507],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94508,4594],{"class":4466},[14,94510,94511],{},"Now compare that with this:",[34,94513,94515],{"className":36,"code":94514,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94516,94517,94531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94518,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94520,93606],{"class":49},[43,94522,98],{"class":97},[43,94524,54698],{"class":141},[43,94526,145],{"class":53},[43,94528,831],{"class":104},[43,94530,346],{"class":53},[43,94532,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94534,61131],{"class":49},[43,94536,79],{"class":53},[43,94538,14178],{"class":148},[43,94540,145],{"class":53},[43,94542,831],{"class":104},[43,94544,346],{"class":53},[14,94546,349],{},[34,94548,94550],{"className":36,"code":94549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94551,94552],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94553,94554,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94569,94571,94573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94555,26295],{"class":3510},[43,94557,59],{"class":53},[43,94559,370],{"class":264},[43,94561,60625],{"class":268},[43,94563,361],{"class":264},[43,94565,25240],{"class":3510},[43,94567,94568],{"class":49}," has no attribute ",[43,94570,361],{"class":264},[43,94572,14178],{"class":268},[43,94574,30325],{"class":264},[14,94576,94577,94578,21,94580,2799,94582,94584],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94579,53280],{},[18,94581,56157],{},[18,94583,64937],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94586,94587,94588,79],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[269,94589,26303,94590],{"href":36049},[18,94591,34883],{},[81,94593,94595],{"id":94594},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94597,94598],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[34,94600,94601],{"className":36,"code":93077,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94602,94603],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94604,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613,94615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94606,142],{"class":141},[43,94608,145],{"class":53},[43,94610,60625],{"class":141},[43,94612,145],{"class":53},[43,94614,831],{"class":104},[43,94616,2377],{"class":53},[14,94618,94619],{},"to show:",[34,94621,94622],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94623,94624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94625,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94627,54],{"class":53},[43,94629,1277],{"class":104},[43,94631,108],{"class":53},[43,94633,6113],{"class":104},[43,94635,108],{"class":53},[43,94637,1525],{"class":104},[43,94639,108],{"class":53},[43,94641,1530],{"class":104},[43,94643,108],{"class":53},[43,94645,3064],{"class":104},[43,94647,68],{"class":53},[14,94649,94650],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[34,94652,94653],{"className":36,"code":93098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94654,94655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94656,94657,94659,94661,94663,94665,94667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94658,60625],{"class":141},[43,94660,145],{"class":53},[43,94662,1277],{"class":104},[43,94664,108],{"class":53},[43,94666,5221],{"class":104},[43,94668,346],{"class":53},[14,94670,5244,94671,94673],{},[76,94672,1957],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94675,94676,94677,94679],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[76,94678,93485],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94681,94682],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[34,94684,94685],{"className":36,"code":91434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94686,94687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94688,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94690,142],{"class":141},[43,94692,145],{"class":53},[43,94694,8712],{"class":3510},[43,94696,145],{"class":53},[43,94698,60625],{"class":141},[43,94700,145],{"class":53},[43,94702,831],{"class":104},[43,94704,3521],{"class":53},[14,94706,349],{},[34,94708,94709],{"className":36,"code":60648,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94710,94711],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94712,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94714,54],{"class":53},[43,94716,1277],{"class":104},[43,94718,108],{"class":53},[43,94720,6113],{"class":104},[43,94722,108],{"class":53},[43,94724,1525],{"class":104},[43,94726,108],{"class":53},[43,94728,1530],{"class":104},[43,94730,108],{"class":53},[43,94732,3064],{"class":104},[43,94734,68],{"class":53},[81,94736,3438],{"id":3437},[14,94738,94739],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[389,94741,94742,94748,94751,94757],{},[392,94743,2445,94744,94747],{},[18,94745,94746],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[392,94749,94750],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[392,94752,94753,94754,94756],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94755,36826],{}," is iterable but not a list",[392,94758,2445,94759,94761,94762,94764],{},[18,94760,93467],{}," when plain ",[18,94763,36826],{}," would be simpler",[14,94766,94767],{},"These quick checks can help:",[34,94769,94771],{"className":36,"code":94770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94772,94773,94787,94805,94823,94845,94863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94774,94775,94777,94779,94781,94783,94785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94776,142],{"class":141},[43,94778,145],{"class":53},[43,94780,60625],{"class":141},[43,94782,145],{"class":53},[43,94784,831],{"class":104},[43,94786,2377],{"class":53},[43,94788,94789,94791,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801,94803],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94790,142],{"class":141},[43,94792,145],{"class":53},[43,94794,8712],{"class":3510},[43,94796,145],{"class":53},[43,94798,60625],{"class":141},[43,94800,145],{"class":53},[43,94802,831],{"class":104},[43,94804,3521],{"class":53},[43,94806,94807,94809,94811,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94808,142],{"class":141},[43,94810,145],{"class":53},[43,94812,3832],{"class":3510},[43,94814,145],{"class":53},[43,94816,60625],{"class":141},[43,94818,145],{"class":53},[43,94820,831],{"class":104},[43,94822,3521],{"class":53},[43,94824,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94826,142],{"class":141},[43,94828,145],{"class":53},[43,94830,3832],{"class":3510},[43,94832,145],{"class":53},[43,94834,8712],{"class":3510},[43,94836,145],{"class":53},[43,94838,60625],{"class":141},[43,94840,145],{"class":53},[43,94842,831],{"class":104},[43,94844,93754],{"class":53},[43,94846,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,94848,142],{"class":141},[43,94850,145],{"class":53},[43,94852,181],{"class":104},[43,94854,21795],{"class":4491},[43,94856,54698],{"class":141},[43,94858,145],{"class":53},[43,94860,831],{"class":104},[43,94862,2377],{"class":53},[43,94864,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877,94879],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,94866,142],{"class":141},[43,94868,145],{"class":53},[43,94870,2370],{"class":141},[43,94872,145],{"class":53},[43,94874,60625],{"class":141},[43,94876,145],{"class":53},[43,94878,831],{"class":104},[43,94880,3521],{"class":53},[14,94882,349],{},[34,94884,94886],{"className":36,"code":94885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94887,94888,94902,94926,94940,94954,94958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94889,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898,94900],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94891,60625],{"class":141},[43,94893,145],{"class":53},[43,94895,1277],{"class":104},[43,94897,108],{"class":53},[43,94899,5221],{"class":104},[43,94901,346],{"class":53},[43,94903,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,94905,54],{"class":53},[43,94907,1277],{"class":104},[43,94909,108],{"class":53},[43,94911,6113],{"class":104},[43,94913,108],{"class":53},[43,94915,1525],{"class":104},[43,94917,108],{"class":53},[43,94919,1530],{"class":104},[43,94921,108],{"class":53},[43,94923,3064],{"class":104},[43,94925,68],{"class":53},[43,94927,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,94929,3901],{"class":97},[43,94931,3904],{"class":2671},[43,94933,370],{"class":264},[43,94935,60625],{"class":268},[43,94937,361],{"class":264},[43,94939,3913],{"class":97},[43,94941,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,94943,3901],{"class":97},[43,94945,3904],{"class":2671},[43,94947,370],{"class":264},[43,94949,8712],{"class":268},[43,94951,361],{"class":264},[43,94953,3913],{"class":97},[43,94955,94956],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,94957,4594],{"class":4466},[43,94959,94960],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,94961,3556],{"class":104},[81,94963,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,94965,15527,94967,94969],{"id":94966},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94968,36826],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94971,46992,94972,94974],{},[18,94973,36826],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1499,94976,94978,94979,11713,94981,2490],{"id":94977},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94980,36826],{},[18,94982,93467],{},[14,94984,94985,94987,94988,94990],{},[18,94986,36826],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94989,93467],{}," creates a full list.",[1499,94992,94994],{"id":94993},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94996,94997],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94999,494],{},[34,95001,95003],{"className":36,"code":95002,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,95004,95005,95019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95006,95007,95009,95011,95013,95015,95017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95008,93606],{"class":49},[43,95010,98],{"class":97},[43,95012,54698],{"class":141},[43,95014,145],{"class":53},[43,95016,831],{"class":104},[43,95018,346],{"class":53},[43,95020,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95022,142],{"class":141},[43,95024,145],{"class":53},[43,95026,61131],{"class":148},[43,95028,54],{"class":53},[43,95030,154],{"class":104},[43,95032,1547],{"class":53},[14,95034,349],{},[34,95036,95037],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,95038,95039],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95040,95041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95042,47544],{"class":104},[1499,95044,5772,95046,95048],{"id":95045},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,95047,94746],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,95050,95051,95052,95055],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,95053,95054],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1499,95057,95059,95060,95062],{"id":95058},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,95061,36826],{}," to a list?",[14,95064,95065],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[81,95067,2497],{"id":2496},[389,95069,95070,95076,95082,95089,95095],{},[392,95071,95072],{},[269,95073,4187,95074,4120],{"href":93451},[18,95075,36826],{},[392,95077,95078],{},[269,95079,4187,95080,4120],{"href":65473},[18,95081,25404],{},[392,95083,95084],{},[269,95085,4187,95086,95088],{"href":93904},[18,95087,6574],{}," loops explained",[392,95090,95091],{},[269,95092,38146,95093,37237],{"href":94270},[18,95094,36379],{},[392,95096,95097],{},[269,95098,26746,95099],{"href":36049},[18,95100,34883],{},[2536,95102,95103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":95105},[95106,95107,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95117,95118,95119,95130],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":93570,"depth":131,"text":93571},{"id":93802,"depth":131,"text":95109},"What range() gives you",{"id":94015,"depth":131,"text":95111},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94140,"depth":131,"text":95113},"When to use range()",{"id":94275,"depth":131,"text":95115},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16218,"depth":131,"text":16219},{"id":94594,"depth":131,"text":94595},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":95120},[95121,95123,95125,95126,95128],{"id":94966,"depth":138,"text":95122},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94977,"depth":138,"text":95124},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94993,"depth":138,"text":94994},{"id":95045,"depth":138,"text":95127},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95058,"depth":138,"text":95129},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93457,"description":95131},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95138,"title":95139,"body":95140,"description":96576,"extension":2572,"meta":96577,"navigation":134,"path":96578,"seo":96579,"stem":96580,"__hash__":96581},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95141,"toc":96542},[95142,95148,95153,95156,95170,95173,95175,95214,95216,95229,95237,95242,95258,95261,95263,95265,95286,95303,95306,95365,95367,95386,95391,95397,95400,95434,95436,95449,95452,95497,95499,95522,95529,95535,95538,95579,95581,95595,95598,95656,95658,95673,95686,95692,95698,95763,95765,95784,95786,95804,95807,95811,95817,95819,95852,95854,95867,95877,95880,95941,95943,95964,95967,95969,95985,95990,95994,95999,96004,96060,96062,96080,96083,96128,96130,96138,96143,96147,96161,96163,96195,96197,96206,96208,96212,96221,96224,96256,96258,96270,96273,96277,96282,96323,96325,96333,96336,96359,96363,96365,96374,96377,96430,96432,96441,96445,96450,96461,96463,96472,96475,96481,96484,96490,96500,96508,96515,96517,96539],[10,95143,4187,95145,4191],{"id":95144},"python-round-function-explained",[18,95146,95147],{},"round()",[14,95149,9741,95150,95152],{},[18,95151,95147],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,95154,95155],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[389,95157,95158,95164],{},[392,95159,95160,95163],{},[18,95161,95162],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[392,95165,95166,95169],{},[18,95167,95168],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95171,95172],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[81,95174,84],{"id":83},[34,95176,95178],{"className":36,"code":95177,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,95179,95180,95196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95181,95182,95184,95186,95189,95191,95194],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95183,142],{"class":141},[43,95185,145],{"class":53},[43,95187,95188],{"class":141},"round",[43,95190,145],{"class":53},[43,95192,95193],{"class":104},"3.14159",[43,95195,2377],{"class":53},[43,95197,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208,95210,95212],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95199,142],{"class":141},[43,95201,145],{"class":53},[43,95203,95188],{"class":141},[43,95205,145],{"class":53},[43,95207,95193],{"class":104},[43,95209,108],{"class":53},[43,95211,1525],{"class":104},[43,95213,2377],{"class":53},[14,95215,349],{},[34,95217,95219],{"className":36,"code":95218,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n3.14\n",[18,95220,95221,95225],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95222,95223],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95224,47244],{"class":104},[43,95226,95227],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95228,40804],{"class":104},[14,95230,230,95231,95233,95234,95236],{},[18,95232,95162],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,95235,95168],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[81,95238,4289,95240,4292],{"id":95239},"what-round-does",[18,95241,95147],{},[389,95243,95244,95249,95252,95255],{},[392,95245,95246,95248],{},[18,95247,95147],{}," is a built-in Python function",[392,95250,95251],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[392,95253,95254],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[392,95256,95257],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95259,95260],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[81,95262,2763],{"id":2762},[14,95264,2766],{},[34,95266,95268],{"className":36,"code":95267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,95269,95270],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95271,95272,95274,95276,95278,95281,95284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95273,95188],{"class":141},[43,95275,145],{"class":53},[43,95277,2846],{"class":148},[43,95279,95280],{"class":53},"[,",[43,95282,95283],{"class":148}," ndigits",[43,95285,1547],{"class":53},[389,95287,95288,95293,95298],{},[392,95289,95290,95292],{},[18,95291,2846],{}," is the value to round",[392,95294,95295,20661],{},[18,95296,95297],{},"ndigits",[392,95299,95300,95302],{},[18,95301,95297],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95304,95305],{},"Basic examples:",[34,95307,95309],{"className":36,"code":95308,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,95310,95311,95326,95344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95312,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95324],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95314,142],{"class":141},[43,95316,145],{"class":53},[43,95318,95188],{"class":141},[43,95320,145],{"class":53},[43,95322,95323],{"class":104},"7.8",[43,95325,2377],{"class":53},[43,95327,95328,95330,95332,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95329,142],{"class":141},[43,95331,145],{"class":53},[43,95333,95188],{"class":141},[43,95335,145],{"class":53},[43,95337,95323],{"class":104},[43,95339,108],{"class":53},[43,95341,6113],{"class":104},[43,95343,2377],{"class":53},[43,95345,95346,95348,95350,95352,95354,95357,95359,95361,95363],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95347,142],{"class":141},[43,95349,145],{"class":53},[43,95351,95188],{"class":141},[43,95353,145],{"class":53},[43,95355,95356],{"class":104},"1234",[43,95358,108],{"class":53},[43,95360,2828],{"class":97},[43,95362,201],{"class":104},[43,95364,2377],{"class":53},[14,95366,349],{},[34,95368,95370],{"className":36,"code":95369,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,95371,95372,95376,95381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95373,95374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95375,2988],{"class":104},[43,95377,95378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95379,95380],{"class":104},"7.8\n",[43,95382,95383],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95384,95385],{"class":104},"1200\n",[14,95387,95388,95389,79],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[269,95390,3027],{"href":3026},[81,95392,2445,95394,95396],{"id":95393},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,95395,95147],{}," with one argument",[14,95398,95399],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[34,95401,95403],{"className":36,"code":95402,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,95404,95405,95419],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95406,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95408,142],{"class":141},[43,95410,145],{"class":53},[43,95412,95188],{"class":141},[43,95414,145],{"class":53},[43,95416,2969],{"class":104},[43,95418,2377],{"class":53},[43,95420,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95432],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95422,142],{"class":141},[43,95424,145],{"class":53},[43,95426,95188],{"class":141},[43,95428,145],{"class":53},[43,95430,95431],{"class":104},"4.8",[43,95433,2377],{"class":53},[14,95435,349],{},[34,95437,95439],{"className":36,"code":95438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4\n5\n",[18,95440,95441,95445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95442,95443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95444,49278],{"class":104},[43,95446,95447],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95448,3556],{"class":104},[14,95450,95451],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[34,95453,95455],{"className":36,"code":95454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95456,95457,95473,95483],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95458,95459,95461,95463,95466,95468,95471],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95460,2836],{"class":49},[43,95462,98],{"class":97},[43,95464,95465],{"class":141}," round",[43,95467,145],{"class":53},[43,95469,95470],{"class":104},"10.2",[43,95472,346],{"class":53},[43,95474,95475,95477,95479,95481],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95476,142],{"class":141},[43,95478,145],{"class":53},[43,95480,2871],{"class":148},[43,95482,346],{"class":53},[43,95484,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95486,142],{"class":141},[43,95488,145],{"class":53},[43,95490,3832],{"class":3510},[43,95492,145],{"class":53},[43,95494,2871],{"class":148},[43,95496,2377],{"class":53},[14,95498,349],{},[34,95500,95502],{"className":36,"code":95501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95503,95504,95508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95505,95506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95507,2983],{"class":104},[43,95509,95510,95512,95514,95516,95518,95520],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95511,3901],{"class":97},[43,95513,3904],{"class":2671},[43,95515,370],{"class":264},[43,95517,2795],{"class":268},[43,95519,361],{"class":264},[43,95521,3913],{"class":97},[14,95523,95524,95525,79],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[269,95526,4187,95527,4120],{"href":3482},[18,95528,3485],{},[81,95530,2445,95532,95534],{"id":95531},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95533,95147],{}," with decimal places",[14,95536,95537],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[34,95539,95541],{"className":36,"code":95540,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95542,95543,95561],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95544,95545,95547,95549,95551,95553,95555,95557,95559],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95546,142],{"class":141},[43,95548,145],{"class":53},[43,95550,95188],{"class":141},[43,95552,145],{"class":53},[43,95554,95193],{"class":104},[43,95556,108],{"class":53},[43,95558,1525],{"class":104},[43,95560,2377],{"class":53},[43,95562,95563,95565,95567,95569,95571,95573,95575,95577],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95564,142],{"class":141},[43,95566,145],{"class":53},[43,95568,95188],{"class":141},[43,95570,145],{"class":53},[43,95572,95193],{"class":104},[43,95574,108],{"class":53},[43,95576,1530],{"class":104},[43,95578,2377],{"class":53},[14,95580,349],{},[34,95582,95584],{"className":36,"code":95583,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95585,95586,95590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95587,95588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95589,40804],{"class":104},[43,95591,95592],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95593,95594],{"class":104},"3.142\n",[14,95596,95597],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[34,95599,95601],{"className":36,"code":95600,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95602,95603,95612,95631,95635,95645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95604,95605,95607,95609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95606,41014],{"class":49},[43,95608,98],{"class":97},[43,95610,95611],{"class":104}," 19.9876\n",[43,95613,95614,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627,95629],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95615,95616],{"class":49},"rounded_price ",[43,95618,98],{"class":97},[43,95620,95465],{"class":141},[43,95622,145],{"class":53},[43,95624,25773],{"class":148},[43,95626,108],{"class":53},[43,95628,1525],{"class":104},[43,95630,346],{"class":53},[43,95632,95633],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,95636,95637,95639,95641,95643],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,95638,142],{"class":141},[43,95640,145],{"class":53},[43,95642,25773],{"class":148},[43,95644,346],{"class":53},[43,95646,95647,95649,95651,95654],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,95648,142],{"class":141},[43,95650,145],{"class":53},[43,95652,95653],{"class":148},"rounded_price",[43,95655,346],{"class":53},[14,95657,349],{},[34,95659,95661],{"className":36,"code":95660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95662,95663,95668],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95664,95665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95666,95667],{"class":104},"19.9876\n",[43,95669,95670],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95671,95672],{"class":104},"19.99\n",[14,95674,95675,95676,95679,95680,3486,95682,79],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95677,95678],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[269,95681,41518],{"href":41517},[269,95683,4187,95684,4120],{"href":3489},[18,95685,3492],{},[81,95687,95689,95690],{"id":95688},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95691,95297],{},[14,95693,95694,95695,95697],{},"A negative ",[18,95696,95297],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[34,95699,95701],{"className":36,"code":95700,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95702,95703,95723,95743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95704,95705,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717,95719,95721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95706,142],{"class":141},[43,95708,145],{"class":53},[43,95710,95188],{"class":141},[43,95712,145],{"class":53},[43,95714,95356],{"class":104},[43,95716,108],{"class":53},[43,95718,2828],{"class":97},[43,95720,154],{"class":104},[43,95722,2377],{"class":53},[43,95724,95725,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95726,142],{"class":141},[43,95728,145],{"class":53},[43,95730,95188],{"class":141},[43,95732,145],{"class":53},[43,95734,95356],{"class":104},[43,95736,108],{"class":53},[43,95738,2828],{"class":97},[43,95740,201],{"class":104},[43,95742,2377],{"class":53},[43,95744,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95746,142],{"class":141},[43,95748,145],{"class":53},[43,95750,95188],{"class":141},[43,95752,145],{"class":53},[43,95754,95356],{"class":104},[43,95756,108],{"class":53},[43,95758,2828],{"class":97},[43,95760,181],{"class":104},[43,95762,2377],{"class":53},[14,95764,349],{},[34,95766,95768],{"className":36,"code":95767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95769,95770,95775,95779],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95771,95772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95773,95774],{"class":104},"1230\n",[43,95776,95777],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95778,95385],{"class":104},[43,95780,95781],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95782,95783],{"class":104},"1000\n",[14,95785,66208],{},[389,95787,95788,95793,95799],{},[392,95789,95790,95792],{},[18,95791,66478],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[392,95794,95795,95798],{},[18,95796,95797],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[392,95800,95801,95803],{},[18,95802,48298],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95805,95806],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[81,95808,95810],{"id":95809},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95812,95813,95814,79],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95815,95816],{},".5",[14,95818,996],{},[34,95820,95822],{"className":36,"code":95821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95823,95824,95838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95825,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95827,142],{"class":141},[43,95829,145],{"class":53},[43,95831,95188],{"class":141},[43,95833,145],{"class":53},[43,95835,41784],{"class":104},[43,95837,2377],{"class":53},[43,95839,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95841,142],{"class":141},[43,95843,145],{"class":53},[43,95845,95188],{"class":141},[43,95847,145],{"class":53},[43,95849,2647],{"class":104},[43,95851,2377],{"class":53},[14,95853,349],{},[34,95855,95857],{"className":36,"code":95856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n4\n",[18,95858,95859,95863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95860,95861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95862,17678],{"class":104},[43,95864,95865],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95866,49278],{"class":104},[14,95868,95869,95870,95873,95874,95876],{},"Python uses ",[76,95871,95872],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95875,95816],{}," situations.",[14,95878,95879],{},"More examples:",[34,95881,95883],{"className":36,"code":95882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95884,95885,95899,95913,95927],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95886,95887,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95888,142],{"class":141},[43,95890,145],{"class":53},[43,95892,95188],{"class":141},[43,95894,145],{"class":53},[43,95896,41797],{"class":104},[43,95898,2377],{"class":53},[43,95900,95901,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95902,142],{"class":141},[43,95904,145],{"class":53},[43,95906,95188],{"class":141},[43,95908,145],{"class":53},[43,95910,41784],{"class":104},[43,95912,2377],{"class":53},[43,95914,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95916,142],{"class":141},[43,95918,145],{"class":53},[43,95920,95188],{"class":141},[43,95922,145],{"class":53},[43,95924,2647],{"class":104},[43,95926,2377],{"class":53},[43,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,95930,142],{"class":141},[43,95932,145],{"class":53},[43,95934,95188],{"class":141},[43,95936,145],{"class":53},[43,95938,41749],{"class":104},[43,95940,2377],{"class":53},[14,95942,349],{},[34,95944,95946],{"className":36,"code":95945,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95947,95948,95952,95956,95960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95949,95950],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95951,17678],{"class":104},[43,95953,95954],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,95955,17678],{"class":104},[43,95957,95958],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,95959,49278],{"class":104},[43,95961,95962],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,95963,49278],{"class":104},[14,95965,95966],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95968,11333],{},[389,95970,95971,95978],{},[392,95972,95973,2739,95976],{},[18,95974,95975],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95977,201],{},[392,95979,95980,2739,95983],{},[18,95981,95982],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95984,159],{},[14,95986,3779,95987,95989],{},[18,95988,95816],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[81,95991,95993],{"id":95992},"return-values","Return values",[14,95995,95996,95998],{},[18,95997,95147],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,96000,1954,96001,96003],{},[76,96002,1957],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[34,96005,96007],{"className":36,"code":96006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,96008,96009,96018,96022,96032,96050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96010,96011,96013,96015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96012,3054],{"class":49},[43,96014,98],{"class":97},[43,96016,96017],{"class":104}," 3.14159\n",[43,96019,96020],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96021,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96023,96024,96026,96028,96030],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96025,142],{"class":141},[43,96027,145],{"class":53},[43,96029,3080],{"class":148},[43,96031,346],{"class":53},[43,96033,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96035,142],{"class":141},[43,96037,145],{"class":53},[43,96039,95188],{"class":141},[43,96041,145],{"class":53},[43,96043,3080],{"class":148},[43,96045,108],{"class":53},[43,96047,1525],{"class":104},[43,96049,2377],{"class":53},[43,96051,96052,96054,96056,96058],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,96053,142],{"class":141},[43,96055,145],{"class":53},[43,96057,3080],{"class":148},[43,96059,346],{"class":53},[14,96061,349],{},[34,96063,96065],{"className":36,"code":96064,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,96066,96067,96072,96076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96068,96069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96070,96071],{"class":104},"3.14159\n",[43,96073,96074],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96075,40804],{"class":104},[43,96077,96078],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96079,96071],{"class":104},[14,96081,96082],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[34,96084,96086],{"className":36,"code":96085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,96087,96088,96096,96114,96118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96089,96090,96092,96094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96091,3054],{"class":49},[43,96093,98],{"class":97},[43,96095,96017],{"class":104},[43,96097,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96099,3054],{"class":49},[43,96101,98],{"class":97},[43,96103,95465],{"class":141},[43,96105,145],{"class":53},[43,96107,3080],{"class":148},[43,96109,108],{"class":53},[43,96111,1525],{"class":104},[43,96113,346],{"class":53},[43,96115,96116],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96117,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96119,96120,96122,96124,96126],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96121,142],{"class":141},[43,96123,145],{"class":53},[43,96125,3080],{"class":148},[43,96127,346],{"class":53},[14,96129,349],{},[34,96131,96132],{"className":36,"code":40804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,96133,96134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96135,96136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96137,40804],{"class":104},[81,96139,5576,96141],{"id":96140},"when-to-use-round",[18,96142,95147],{},[14,96144,230,96145,6933],{},[18,96146,95147],{},[389,96148,96149,96152,96155,96158],{},[392,96150,96151],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[392,96153,96154],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[392,96156,96157],{},"Round values before reporting results",[392,96159,96160],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,96162,996],{},[34,96164,96166],{"className":36,"code":96165,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,96167,96168,96177],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96169,96170,96172,96174],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96171,3203],{"class":49},[43,96173,98],{"class":97},[43,96175,96176],{"class":104}," 12.67891\n",[43,96178,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96180,142],{"class":141},[43,96182,145],{"class":53},[43,96184,95188],{"class":141},[43,96186,145],{"class":53},[43,96188,3226],{"class":148},[43,96190,108],{"class":53},[43,96192,1525],{"class":104},[43,96194,2377],{"class":53},[14,96196,349],{},[34,96198,96200],{"className":36,"code":96199,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"12.68\n",[18,96201,96202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96203,96204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96205,96199],{"class":104},[81,96207,3438],{"id":3437},[14,96209,23717,96210,79],{},[18,96211,95147],{},[1499,96213,9071,96215,96217,96218,96220],{"id":96214},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,96216,95147],{}," to always round ",[18,96219,95816],{}," upward",[14,96222,96223],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[34,96225,96226],{"className":36,"code":95821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,96227,96228,96242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96231,142],{"class":141},[43,96233,145],{"class":53},[43,96235,95188],{"class":141},[43,96237,145],{"class":53},[43,96239,41784],{"class":104},[43,96241,2377],{"class":53},[43,96243,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96245,142],{"class":141},[43,96247,145],{"class":53},[43,96249,95188],{"class":141},[43,96251,145],{"class":53},[43,96253,2647],{"class":104},[43,96255,2377],{"class":53},[14,96257,349],{},[34,96259,96260],{"className":36,"code":95856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,96261,96262,96266],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96263,96264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96265,17678],{"class":104},[43,96267,96268],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96269,49278],{"class":104},[14,96271,96272],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1499,96274,96276],{"id":96275},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,96278,96279,96281],{},[18,96280,95147],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[34,96283,96285],{"className":36,"code":96284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,96286,96287,96295,96309,96313],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96288,96289,96291,96293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96290,3054],{"class":49},[43,96292,98],{"class":97},[43,96294,96017],{"class":104},[43,96296,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96298,95188],{"class":141},[43,96300,145],{"class":53},[43,96302,3080],{"class":148},[43,96304,108],{"class":53},[43,96306,1525],{"class":104},[43,96308,346],{"class":53},[43,96310,96311],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96312,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96314,96315,96317,96319,96321],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96316,142],{"class":141},[43,96318,145],{"class":53},[43,96320,3080],{"class":148},[43,96322,346],{"class":53},[14,96324,349],{},[34,96326,96327],{"className":36,"code":96071,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,96328,96329],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96330,96331],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96332,96071],{"class":104},[14,96334,96335],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[34,96337,96339],{"className":36,"code":96338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,96340,96341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96342,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96344,3054],{"class":49},[43,96346,98],{"class":97},[43,96348,95465],{"class":141},[43,96350,145],{"class":53},[43,96352,3080],{"class":148},[43,96354,108],{"class":53},[43,96356,1525],{"class":104},[43,96358,346],{"class":53},[1499,96360,96362],{"id":96361},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96364,17023],{},[34,96366,96368],{"className":36,"code":96367,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,96369,96370],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96371,96372],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96373,96367],{"class":165},[14,96375,96376],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[34,96378,96380],{"className":36,"code":96379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,96381,96382,96394,96408,96412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96383,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96385,35316],{"class":49},[43,96387,98],{"class":97},[43,96389,276],{"class":264},[43,96391,40770],{"class":268},[43,96393,3969],{"class":264},[43,96395,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96397,2823],{"class":49},[43,96399,98],{"class":97},[43,96401,40882],{"class":3510},[43,96403,145],{"class":53},[43,96405,35337],{"class":148},[43,96407,346],{"class":53},[43,96409,96410],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96411,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96413,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96415,142],{"class":141},[43,96417,145],{"class":53},[43,96419,95188],{"class":141},[43,96421,145],{"class":53},[43,96423,2846],{"class":148},[43,96425,108],{"class":53},[43,96427,6113],{"class":104},[43,96429,2377],{"class":53},[14,96431,349],{},[34,96433,96435],{"className":36,"code":96434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.1\n",[18,96436,96437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96438,96439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96440,96434],{"class":104},[1499,96442,96444],{"id":96443},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96446,96447,96449],{},[18,96448,95147],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96451,96452,96453,3486,96457,79],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[269,96454,96455],{"href":3489},[18,96456,3492],{},[269,96458,96459],{"href":3482},[18,96460,3485],{},[81,96462,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,96464,13328,96466,96468,96469,96471],{"id":96465},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96467,95147],{}," always round ",[18,96470,40841],{}," up?",[14,96473,96474],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1499,96476,13328,96478,96480],{"id":96477},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96479,95147],{}," change the original number?",[14,96482,96483],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1499,96485,5784,96487,96489],{"id":96486},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96488,95147],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96491,96492,96493,96495,96496,3486,96498,79],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96494,95297],{}," value like ",[18,96497,66478],{},[18,96499,95797],{},[1499,96501,28953,96503,96505,96506,2490],{"id":96502},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96504,95147],{}," on a string like ",[18,96507,48722],{},[14,96509,96510,96511,3486,96513,79],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96512,3492],{},[18,96514,3485],{},[81,96516,2497],{"id":2496},[389,96518,96519,96525,96531,96535],{},[392,96520,96521],{},[269,96522,4187,96523,4120],{"href":3489},[18,96524,3492],{},[392,96526,96527],{},[269,96528,4187,96529,4120],{"href":3482},[18,96530,3485],{},[392,96532,96533],{},[269,96534,3027],{"href":3026},[392,96536,96537],{},[269,96538,42807],{"href":41517},[2536,96540,96541],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":96543},[96544,96545,96547,96548,96550,96552,96554,96555,96556,96558,96565,96575],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":95239,"depth":131,"text":96546},"What round() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":95393,"depth":131,"text":96549},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95531,"depth":131,"text":96551},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95688,"depth":131,"text":96553},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95809,"depth":131,"text":95810},{"id":95992,"depth":131,"text":95993},{"id":96140,"depth":131,"text":96557},"When to use round()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":96559},[96560,96562,96563,96564],{"id":96214,"depth":138,"text":96561},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96275,"depth":138,"text":96276},{"id":96361,"depth":138,"text":96362},{"id":96443,"depth":138,"text":96444},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":96566},[96567,96569,96571,96573],{"id":96465,"depth":138,"text":96568},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96477,"depth":138,"text":96570},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96486,"depth":138,"text":96572},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96502,"depth":138,"text":96574},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95139,"description":96576},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96583,"title":96584,"body":96585,"description":97770,"extension":2572,"meta":97771,"navigation":134,"path":97772,"seo":97773,"stem":97774,"__hash__":97775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96586,"toc":97744},[96587,96594,96600,96603,96605,96654,96658,96683,96688,96693,96698,96712,96723,96725,96744,96746,96762,96765,96776,96778,96780,96841,96845,96878,96885,96892,96895,96928,96931,96935,96938,96991,96995,97016,97022,97029,97036,97097,97105,97182,97186,97198,97207,97209,97215,97221,97225,97278,97281,97339,97343,97351,97354,97358,97361,97371,97373,97470,97473,97484,97487,97530,97534,97558,97561,97567,97569,97573,97598,97600,97667,97676,97678,97684,97689,97693,97696,97700,97707,97711,97716,97718,97735,97741],[10,96588,96590,96591,11943],{"id":96589},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96592,96593],{},"add()",[14,96595,96596,96599],{},[18,96597,96598],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96601,96602],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[81,96604,84],{"id":83},[34,96606,96608],{"className":36,"code":96607,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96609,96610,96630,96644],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96613,94],{"class":49},[43,96615,98],{"class":97},[43,96617,11110],{"class":53},[43,96619,154],{"class":104},[43,96621,108],{"class":53},[43,96623,1525],{"class":104},[43,96625,108],{"class":53},[43,96627,1530],{"class":104},[43,96629,9928],{"class":53},[43,96631,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96633,149],{"class":49},[43,96635,79],{"class":53},[43,96637,82493],{"class":148},[43,96639,145],{"class":53},[43,96641,159],{"class":104},[43,96643,346],{"class":53},[43,96645,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96647,142],{"class":141},[43,96649,145],{"class":53},[43,96651,149],{"class":148},[43,96653,346],{"class":53},[14,96655,96656],{},[76,96657,349],{},[34,96659,96661],{"className":36,"code":96660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96662,96663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96664,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96666,9897],{"class":53},[43,96668,154],{"class":104},[43,96670,108],{"class":53},[43,96672,1525],{"class":104},[43,96674,108],{"class":53},[43,96676,1530],{"class":104},[43,96678,108],{"class":53},[43,96680,3064],{"class":104},[43,96682,9928],{"class":53},[14,96684,230,96685,96687],{},[18,96686,96593],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[81,96689,4289,96691,4292],{"id":96690},"what-setadd-does",[18,96692,96598],{},[14,96694,96695,96697],{},[18,96696,96598],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[389,96699,96700,96703,96706,96709],{},[392,96701,96702],{},"Adds one item to a set",[392,96704,96705],{},"Changes the original set in place",[392,96707,96708],{},"Does not return a new set",[392,96710,96711],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96713,96714,96715,3486,96719,79],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[269,96716,96718],{"href":96717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[269,96720,96722],{"href":96721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[81,96724,2763],{"id":2762},[34,96726,96728],{"className":36,"code":96727,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96729,96730],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96731,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740,96742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96733,16289],{"class":49},[43,96735,79],{"class":53},[43,96737,82493],{"class":148},[43,96739,145],{"class":53},[43,96741,23933],{"class":148},[43,96743,346],{"class":53},[14,96745,12080],{},[389,96747,96748,96753,96756],{},[392,96749,56537,96750,96752],{},[18,96751,96593],{}," on an existing set",[392,96754,96755],{},"Pass exactly one item",[392,96757,96758,96759],{},"The item must be ",[76,96760,96761],{},"hashable",[14,96763,96764],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[389,96766,96767,96769,96771,96774],{},[392,96768,57090],{},[392,96770,57093],{},[392,96772,96773],{},"Tuples",[392,96775,41222],{},[81,96777,12097],{"id":12096},[14,96779,12100],{},[34,96781,96783],{"className":36,"code":96782,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96784,96785,96809,96827,96831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96786,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96788,13700],{"class":49},[43,96790,98],{"class":97},[43,96792,11110],{"class":53},[43,96794,265],{"class":264},[43,96796,13717],{"class":268},[43,96798,265],{"class":264},[43,96800,108],{"class":53},[43,96802,276],{"class":264},[43,96804,13734],{"class":268},[43,96806,265],{"class":264},[43,96808,9928],{"class":53},[43,96810,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96812,18124],{"class":49},[43,96814,79],{"class":53},[43,96816,82493],{"class":148},[43,96818,145],{"class":53},[43,96820,265],{"class":264},[43,96822,18077],{"class":268},[43,96824,265],{"class":264},[43,96826,346],{"class":53},[43,96828,96829],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96830,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96832,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96834,142],{"class":141},[43,96836,145],{"class":53},[43,96838,18124],{"class":148},[43,96840,346],{"class":53},[14,96842,96843],{},[76,96844,30655],{},[34,96846,96848],{"className":36,"code":96847,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96849,96850],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96851,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96853,9897],{"class":53},[43,96855,361],{"class":264},[43,96857,13717],{"class":268},[43,96859,361],{"class":264},[43,96861,108],{"class":53},[43,96863,370],{"class":264},[43,96865,18077],{"class":268},[43,96867,361],{"class":264},[43,96869,108],{"class":53},[43,96871,370],{"class":264},[43,96873,13734],{"class":268},[43,96875,361],{"class":264},[43,96877,9928],{"class":53},[14,96879,96880,96881,96884],{},"The new value ",[18,96882,96883],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96886,96887,96888,96891],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[76,96889,96890],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96893,96894],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[34,96896,96898],{"className":36,"code":96897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96899,96900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96901,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96903,9897],{"class":53},[43,96905,361],{"class":264},[43,96907,13734],{"class":268},[43,96909,361],{"class":264},[43,96911,108],{"class":53},[43,96913,370],{"class":264},[43,96915,13717],{"class":268},[43,96917,361],{"class":264},[43,96919,108],{"class":53},[43,96921,370],{"class":264},[43,96923,18077],{"class":268},[43,96925,361],{"class":264},[43,96927,9928],{"class":53},[14,96929,96930],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[81,96932,96934],{"id":96933},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96936,96937],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[34,96939,96941],{"className":36,"code":96940,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96942,96943,96963,96977,96981],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96944,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96946,94],{"class":49},[43,96948,98],{"class":97},[43,96950,11110],{"class":53},[43,96952,154],{"class":104},[43,96954,108],{"class":53},[43,96956,1525],{"class":104},[43,96958,108],{"class":53},[43,96960,1530],{"class":104},[43,96962,9928],{"class":53},[43,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,96966,149],{"class":49},[43,96968,79],{"class":53},[43,96970,82493],{"class":148},[43,96972,145],{"class":53},[43,96974,201],{"class":104},[43,96976,346],{"class":53},[43,96978,96979],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,96980,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,96984,142],{"class":141},[43,96986,145],{"class":53},[43,96988,149],{"class":148},[43,96990,346],{"class":53},[14,96992,96993],{},[76,96994,349],{},[34,96996,96998],{"className":36,"code":96997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96999,97000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97003,9897],{"class":53},[43,97005,154],{"class":104},[43,97007,108],{"class":53},[43,97009,1525],{"class":104},[43,97011,108],{"class":53},[43,97013,1530],{"class":104},[43,97015,9928],{"class":53},[14,97017,97018,97019,97021],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,97020,201],{}," was already present.",[81,97023,97025,11205,97027],{"id":97024},"add-vs-update",[18,97026,96593],{},[18,97028,15578],{},[14,97030,230,97031,97033,97034,79],{},[18,97032,96593],{}," when you want to add ",[76,97035,53284],{},[34,97037,97039],{"className":36,"code":97038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,97040,97041,97065,97083,97087],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97042,97043,97045,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97044,257],{"class":49},[43,97046,98],{"class":97},[43,97048,11110],{"class":53},[43,97050,265],{"class":264},[43,97052,269],{"class":268},[43,97054,265],{"class":264},[43,97056,108],{"class":53},[43,97058,276],{"class":264},[43,97060,279],{"class":268},[43,97062,265],{"class":264},[43,97064,9928],{"class":53},[43,97066,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97068,1079],{"class":49},[43,97070,79],{"class":53},[43,97072,82493],{"class":148},[43,97074,145],{"class":53},[43,97076,265],{"class":264},[43,97078,288],{"class":268},[43,97080,265],{"class":264},[43,97082,346],{"class":53},[43,97084,97085],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97088,97089,97091,97093,97095],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97090,142],{"class":141},[43,97092,145],{"class":53},[43,97094,1079],{"class":148},[43,97096,346],{"class":53},[14,97098,230,97099,97033,97101,97104],{},[18,97100,15578],{},[76,97102,97103],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[34,97106,97108],{"className":36,"code":97107,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,97109,97110,97134,97168,97172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97111,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97113,257],{"class":49},[43,97115,98],{"class":97},[43,97117,11110],{"class":53},[43,97119,265],{"class":264},[43,97121,269],{"class":268},[43,97123,265],{"class":264},[43,97125,108],{"class":53},[43,97127,276],{"class":264},[43,97129,279],{"class":268},[43,97131,265],{"class":264},[43,97133,9928],{"class":53},[43,97135,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97137,1079],{"class":49},[43,97139,79],{"class":53},[43,97141,31090],{"class":148},[43,97143,3595],{"class":53},[43,97145,265],{"class":264},[43,97147,288],{"class":268},[43,97149,265],{"class":264},[43,97151,108],{"class":53},[43,97153,276],{"class":264},[43,97155,297],{"class":268},[43,97157,265],{"class":264},[43,97159,108],{"class":53},[43,97161,276],{"class":264},[43,97163,306],{"class":268},[43,97165,265],{"class":264},[43,97167,1547],{"class":53},[43,97169,97170],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97171,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97173,97174,97176,97178,97180],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97175,142],{"class":141},[43,97177,145],{"class":53},[43,97179,1079],{"class":148},[43,97181,346],{"class":53},[1499,97183,97185],{"id":97184},"key-difference","Key difference",[389,97187,97188,97193],{},[392,97189,97190,97192],{},[18,97191,96593],{}," adds one item",[392,97194,97195,97197],{},[18,97196,15578],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,97199,97200,97201,79],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[269,97202,97204,97205,11361],{"href":97203},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,97206,15578],{},[81,97208,18040],{"id":18039},[14,97210,97211,3004,97213,79],{},[18,97212,96598],{},[18,97214,4391],{},[14,97216,97217,97218,97220],{},"That means you should ",[76,97219,1957],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1499,97222,97224],{"id":97223},"correct","Correct",[34,97226,97228],{"className":36,"code":97227,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97229,97230,97250,97264,97268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97231,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246,97248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97233,16251],{"class":49},[43,97235,98],{"class":97},[43,97237,11110],{"class":53},[43,97239,154],{"class":104},[43,97241,108],{"class":53},[43,97243,1525],{"class":104},[43,97245,108],{"class":53},[43,97247,1530],{"class":104},[43,97249,9928],{"class":53},[43,97251,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97253,16289],{"class":49},[43,97255,79],{"class":53},[43,97257,82493],{"class":148},[43,97259,145],{"class":53},[43,97261,159],{"class":104},[43,97263,346],{"class":53},[43,97265,97266],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97269,97270,97272,97274,97276],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97271,142],{"class":141},[43,97273,145],{"class":53},[43,97275,16289],{"class":148},[43,97277,346],{"class":53},[1499,97279,97280],{"id":62394},"Wrong",[34,97282,97284],{"className":36,"code":97283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97285,97286,97306,97325,97329],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97287,97288,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97289,16251],{"class":49},[43,97291,98],{"class":97},[43,97293,11110],{"class":53},[43,97295,154],{"class":104},[43,97297,108],{"class":53},[43,97299,1525],{"class":104},[43,97301,108],{"class":53},[43,97303,1530],{"class":104},[43,97305,9928],{"class":53},[43,97307,97308,97310,97312,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97309,16251],{"class":49},[43,97311,98],{"class":97},[43,97313,97314],{"class":49}," my_set",[43,97316,79],{"class":53},[43,97318,82493],{"class":148},[43,97320,145],{"class":53},[43,97322,159],{"class":104},[43,97324,346],{"class":53},[43,97326,97327],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97328,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97330,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97332,142],{"class":141},[43,97334,145],{"class":53},[43,97336,16289],{"class":148},[43,97338,346],{"class":53},[14,97340,97341],{},[76,97342,349],{},[34,97344,97345],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,97346,97347],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97348,97349],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97350,12431],{"class":4466},[14,97352,97353],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[81,97355,97357],{"id":97356},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97359,97360],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[389,97362,97363,97365,97367,97369],{},[392,97364,57090],{},[392,97366,57093],{},[392,97368,96773],{},[392,97370,41222],{},[14,97372,494],{},[34,97374,97376],{"className":36,"code":97375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,97377,97378,97388,97392,97406,97424,97442,97456,97460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97379,97380,97382,97384,97386],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97381,8398],{"class":49},[43,97383,98],{"class":97},[43,97385,16256],{"class":3510},[43,97387,9262],{"class":53},[43,97389,97390],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97391,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97393,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97395,8427],{"class":49},[43,97397,79],{"class":53},[43,97399,82493],{"class":148},[43,97401,145],{"class":53},[43,97403,105],{"class":104},[43,97405,346],{"class":53},[43,97407,97408,97410,97412,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97409,8427],{"class":49},[43,97411,79],{"class":53},[43,97413,82493],{"class":148},[43,97415,145],{"class":53},[43,97417,265],{"class":264},[43,97419,4459],{"class":268},[43,97421,265],{"class":264},[43,97423,346],{"class":53},[43,97425,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,97427,8427],{"class":49},[43,97429,79],{"class":53},[43,97431,82493],{"class":148},[43,97433,6126],{"class":53},[43,97435,154],{"class":104},[43,97437,108],{"class":53},[43,97439,1525],{"class":104},[43,97441,2377],{"class":53},[43,97443,97444,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,97445,8427],{"class":49},[43,97447,79],{"class":53},[43,97449,82493],{"class":148},[43,97451,145],{"class":53},[43,97453,4216],{"class":4466},[43,97455,346],{"class":53},[43,97457,97458],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,97459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,97463,142],{"class":141},[43,97465,145],{"class":53},[43,97467,8427],{"class":148},[43,97469,346],{"class":53},[14,97471,97472],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[389,97474,97475,97478,97481],{},[392,97476,97477],{},"Lists",[392,97479,97480],{},"Dictionaries",[392,97482,97483],{},"Sets",[14,97485,97486],{},"Example that causes an error:",[34,97488,97490],{"className":36,"code":97489,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97491,97492,97512],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97493,97494,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97495,8398],{"class":49},[43,97497,98],{"class":97},[43,97499,11110],{"class":53},[43,97501,154],{"class":104},[43,97503,108],{"class":53},[43,97505,1525],{"class":104},[43,97507,108],{"class":53},[43,97509,1530],{"class":104},[43,97511,9928],{"class":53},[43,97513,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97515,8427],{"class":49},[43,97517,79],{"class":53},[43,97519,82493],{"class":148},[43,97521,3595],{"class":53},[43,97523,159],{"class":104},[43,97525,108],{"class":53},[43,97527,5221],{"class":104},[43,97529,1547],{"class":53},[14,97531,97532],{},[76,97533,30306],{},[34,97535,97537],{"className":36,"code":97536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97538,97539],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97540,97541,97543,97545,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97542,3614],{"class":3510},[43,97544,59],{"class":53},[43,97546,97547],{"class":49}," unhashable ",[43,97549,3832],{"class":3510},[43,97551,59],{"class":53},[43,97553,370],{"class":264},[43,97555,8712],{"class":268},[43,97557,30325],{"class":264},[14,97559,97560],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97562,97563,97564,79],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97565,97566],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[81,97568,3438],{"id":3437},[14,97570,15358,97571,59],{},[18,97572,96598],{},[389,97574,97575,97580,97585,97588,97595],{},[392,97576,2445,97577,97579],{},[18,97578,96593],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[392,97581,9071,97582,97584],{},[18,97583,96593],{}," to return the updated set",[392,97586,97587],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[392,97589,1860,97590,97592,97593],{},[18,97591,96598],{}," with list ",[18,97594,53280],{},[392,97596,97597],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97599,72125],{},[34,97601,97603],{"className":36,"code":97602,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97604,97605,97615,97629,97639,97653],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97606,97607,97609,97611,97613],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97608,142],{"class":141},[43,97610,145],{"class":53},[43,97612,16289],{"class":148},[43,97614,346],{"class":53},[43,97616,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97618,142],{"class":141},[43,97620,145],{"class":53},[43,97622,3832],{"class":3510},[43,97624,145],{"class":53},[43,97626,16289],{"class":148},[43,97628,2377],{"class":53},[43,97630,97631,97633,97635,97637],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97632,142],{"class":141},[43,97634,145],{"class":53},[43,97636,3080],{"class":148},[43,97638,346],{"class":53},[43,97640,97641,97643,97645,97647,97649,97651],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97642,142],{"class":141},[43,97644,145],{"class":53},[43,97646,3832],{"class":3510},[43,97648,145],{"class":53},[43,97650,3080],{"class":148},[43,97652,2377],{"class":53},[43,97654,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663,97665],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,97656,32779],{"class":141},[43,97658,145],{"class":53},[43,97660,6902],{"class":3510},[43,97662,79],{"class":53},[43,97664,82493],{"class":25373},[43,97666,346],{"class":53},[14,97668,97669,97670,97672,97673,79],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97671,96598],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[269,97674,53677],{"href":97675},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[81,97677,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,97679,13328,97681,97683],{"id":97680},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97682,96598],{}," return a new set?",[14,97685,97686,97687,79],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97688,4391],{},[1499,97690,97692],{"id":97691},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97694,97695],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1499,97697,97699],{"id":97698},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97701,230,97702,11713,97705,79],{},[18,97703,97704],{},"set.update()",[18,97706,96593],{},[1499,97708,97710],{"id":97709},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97712,97713,97714,79],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97715,3614],{},[81,97717,2497],{"id":2496},[389,97719,97720,97724,97729],{},[392,97721,97722],{},[269,97723,96718],{"href":96717},[392,97725,97726],{},[269,97727,97728],{"href":96721},"How to create a set in Python",[392,97730,97731],{},[269,97732,97204,97733,11361],{"href":97203},[18,97734,15578],{},[14,97736,97737,97738,97740],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97739,96593],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2536,97742,97743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":97745},[97746,97747,97749,97750,97751,97752,97756,97760,97761,97762,97769],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":96690,"depth":131,"text":97748},"What set.add() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":96933,"depth":131,"text":96934},{"id":97024,"depth":131,"text":97753,"children":97754},"add() vs update()",[97755],{"id":97184,"depth":138,"text":97185},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040,"children":97757},[97758,97759],{"id":97223,"depth":138,"text":97224},{"id":62394,"depth":138,"text":97280},{"id":97356,"depth":131,"text":97357},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":97763},[97764,97766,97767,97768],{"id":97680,"depth":138,"text":97765},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97691,"depth":138,"text":97692},{"id":97698,"depth":138,"text":97699},{"id":97709,"depth":138,"text":97710},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96584,"description":97770},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97777,"title":97778,"body":97779,"description":98948,"extension":2572,"meta":98949,"navigation":134,"path":98950,"seo":98951,"stem":98952,"__hash__":98953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97780,"toc":98915},[97781,97786,97792,97799,97844,97846,97857,97862,97867,97871,97885,97890,97892,97894,97909,97911,97925,97927,97929,97994,97996,98006,98008,98026,98032,98039,98044,98118,98120,98137,98143,98148,98219,98221,98248,98265,98268,98274,98276,98283,98287,98354,98356,98371,98374,98427,98429,98437,98449,98451,98455,98460,98462,98511,98513,98521,98523,98568,98570,98580,98586,98594,98607,98613,98615,98644,98646,98664,98668,98671,98702,98704,98722,98726,98801,98803,98819,98826,98828,98833,98838,98844,98847,98851,98859,98866,98874,98876,98912],[10,97782,96590,97784,11943],{"id":97783},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97785,11942],{},[14,97787,97788,97791],{},[18,97789,97790],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97793,97794,97795,97798],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[76,97796,97797],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[34,97800,97802],{"className":36,"code":97801,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97803,97804,97824,97834],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97805,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818,97820,97822],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97807,94],{"class":49},[43,97809,98],{"class":97},[43,97811,11110],{"class":53},[43,97813,154],{"class":104},[43,97815,108],{"class":53},[43,97817,1525],{"class":104},[43,97819,108],{"class":53},[43,97821,1530],{"class":104},[43,97823,9928],{"class":53},[43,97825,97826,97828,97830,97832],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97827,149],{"class":49},[43,97829,79],{"class":53},[43,97831,12004],{"class":148},[43,97833,9262],{"class":53},[43,97835,97836,97838,97840,97842],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97837,142],{"class":141},[43,97839,145],{"class":53},[43,97841,149],{"class":148},[43,97843,346],{"class":53},[14,97845,349],{},[34,97847,97849],{"className":36,"code":97848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n",[18,97850,97851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97852,97853,97855],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97854,6902],{"class":3510},[43,97856,9262],{"class":53},[14,97858,97859,97861],{},[18,97860,11942],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[81,97863,4289,97865,4292],{"id":97864},"what-setclear-does",[18,97866,97790],{},[14,97868,1242,97869,12034],{},[18,97870,11942],{},[389,97872,97873,97876,97878,97882],{},[392,97874,97875],{},"Removes every item from a set",[392,97877,96705],{},[392,97879,12045,97880],{},[18,97881,4391],{},[392,97883,97884],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97886,96714,97887,72224],{},[269,97888,96718],{"href":97889},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[81,97891,2763],{"id":2762},[14,97893,55075],{},[34,97895,97897],{"className":36,"code":97896,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97898,97899],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97902,16289],{"class":49},[43,97904,79],{"class":53},[43,97906,12004],{"class":148},[43,97908,9262],{"class":53},[14,97910,387],{},[389,97912,97913,97916,97919,97922],{},[392,97914,97915],{},"It takes no arguments",[392,97917,97918],{},"It empties the set",[392,97920,97921],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[392,97923,97924],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[81,97926,12097],{"id":12096},[14,97928,12100],{},[34,97930,97932],{"className":36,"code":97931,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97933,97934,97966,97970,97980,97984],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97935,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958,97960,97962,97964],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97937,13700],{"class":49},[43,97939,98],{"class":97},[43,97941,11110],{"class":53},[43,97943,265],{"class":264},[43,97945,13717],{"class":268},[43,97947,265],{"class":264},[43,97949,108],{"class":53},[43,97951,276],{"class":264},[43,97953,18077],{"class":268},[43,97955,265],{"class":264},[43,97957,108],{"class":53},[43,97959,276],{"class":264},[43,97961,13734],{"class":268},[43,97963,265],{"class":264},[43,97965,9928],{"class":53},[43,97967,97968],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,97969,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,97973,18124],{"class":49},[43,97975,79],{"class":53},[43,97977,12004],{"class":148},[43,97979,9262],{"class":53},[43,97981,97982],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,97983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,97985,97986,97988,97990,97992],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,97987,142],{"class":141},[43,97989,145],{"class":53},[43,97991,18124],{"class":148},[43,97993,346],{"class":53},[14,97995,349],{},[34,97997,97998],{"className":36,"code":97848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,97999,98000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98001,98002,98004],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98003,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98005,9262],{"class":53},[14,98007,12306],{},[389,98009,98010,98015,98020],{},[392,98011,98012,98014],{},[18,98013,18124],{}," starts with three values",[392,98016,98017,12319],{},[18,98018,98019],{},"colors.clear()",[392,98021,98022,98023,98025],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,98024,4410],{},", which means an empty set",[81,98027,98029,98031],{"id":98028},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,98030,11942],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,98033,98034,1233,98036,98038],{},[18,98035,11942],{},[18,98037,4410],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1499,98040,2445,98042],{"id":98041},"using-clear",[18,98043,11942],{},[34,98045,98047],{"className":36,"code":98046,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,98048,98049,98069,98079,98083,98093,98097,98107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98050,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063,98065,98067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98052,8398],{"class":49},[43,98054,98],{"class":97},[43,98056,11110],{"class":53},[43,98058,154],{"class":104},[43,98060,108],{"class":53},[43,98062,1525],{"class":104},[43,98064,108],{"class":53},[43,98066,1530],{"class":104},[43,98068,9928],{"class":53},[43,98070,98071,98074,98076],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98072,98073],{"class":49},"other_name ",[43,98075,98],{"class":97},[43,98077,98078],{"class":49}," items\n",[43,98080,98081],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98082,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98084,98085,98087,98089,98091],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,98086,8427],{"class":49},[43,98088,79],{"class":53},[43,98090,12004],{"class":148},[43,98092,9262],{"class":53},[43,98094,98095],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,98096,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98098,98099,98101,98103,98105],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,98100,142],{"class":141},[43,98102,145],{"class":53},[43,98104,8427],{"class":148},[43,98106,346],{"class":53},[43,98108,98109,98111,98113,98116],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,98110,142],{"class":141},[43,98112,145],{"class":53},[43,98114,98115],{"class":148},"other_name",[43,98117,346],{"class":53},[14,98119,349],{},[34,98121,98123],{"className":36,"code":98122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\nset()\n",[18,98124,98125,98131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98126,98127,98129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98128,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98130,9262],{"class":53},[43,98132,98133,98135],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98134,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98136,9262],{"class":53},[14,98138,98139,98140,79],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[76,98141,98142],{},"same set object",[1499,98144,2445,98146],{"id":98145},"using-set",[18,98147,4410],{},[34,98149,98151],{"className":36,"code":98150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,98152,98153,98173,98181,98185,98195,98199,98209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98154,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98156,8398],{"class":49},[43,98158,98],{"class":97},[43,98160,11110],{"class":53},[43,98162,154],{"class":104},[43,98164,108],{"class":53},[43,98166,1525],{"class":104},[43,98168,108],{"class":53},[43,98170,1530],{"class":104},[43,98172,9928],{"class":53},[43,98174,98175,98177,98179],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98176,98073],{"class":49},[43,98178,98],{"class":97},[43,98180,98078],{"class":49},[43,98182,98183],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98184,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98186,98187,98189,98191,98193],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,98188,8398],{"class":49},[43,98190,98],{"class":97},[43,98192,16256],{"class":3510},[43,98194,9262],{"class":53},[43,98196,98197],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,98198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98200,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,98202,142],{"class":141},[43,98204,145],{"class":53},[43,98206,8427],{"class":148},[43,98208,346],{"class":53},[43,98210,98211,98213,98215,98217],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,98212,142],{"class":141},[43,98214,145],{"class":53},[43,98216,98115],{"class":148},[43,98218,346],{"class":53},[14,98220,349],{},[34,98222,98224],{"className":36,"code":98223,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,98225,98226,98232],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98227,98228,98230],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98229,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98231,9262],{"class":53},[43,98233,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98235,9897],{"class":53},[43,98237,154],{"class":104},[43,98239,108],{"class":53},[43,98241,1525],{"class":104},[43,98243,108],{"class":53},[43,98245,1530],{"class":104},[43,98247,9928],{"class":53},[14,98249,21392,98250,93482,98253,98256,98257,79,98259,98261,98262,98264],{},[18,98251,98252],{},"items = set()",[76,98254,98255],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,98258,8427],{},[10465,98260],{},"\nBut ",[18,98263,98115],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,98266,98267],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,98269,98270,98271,79],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[269,98272,96722],{"href":98273},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[81,98275,18040],{"id":18039},[14,98277,98278,14678,98280,98282],{},[18,98279,11942],{},[76,98281,1957],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,98284,5762,98285,79],{},[18,98286,4391],{},[34,98288,98290],{"className":36,"code":98289,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98291,98292,98312,98316,98330,98334,98344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98295,94],{"class":49},[43,98297,98],{"class":97},[43,98299,11110],{"class":53},[43,98301,154],{"class":104},[43,98303,108],{"class":53},[43,98305,1525],{"class":104},[43,98307,108],{"class":53},[43,98309,1530],{"class":104},[43,98311,9928],{"class":53},[43,98313,98314],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98315,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98317,98318,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98319,2836],{"class":49},[43,98321,98],{"class":97},[43,98323,2071],{"class":49},[43,98325,79],{"class":53},[43,98327,12004],{"class":148},[43,98329,9262],{"class":53},[43,98331,98332],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,98333,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98335,98336,98338,98340,98342],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,98337,142],{"class":141},[43,98339,145],{"class":53},[43,98341,2871],{"class":148},[43,98343,346],{"class":53},[43,98345,98346,98348,98350,98352],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,98347,142],{"class":141},[43,98349,145],{"class":53},[43,98351,149],{"class":148},[43,98353,346],{"class":53},[14,98355,349],{},[34,98357,98359],{"className":36,"code":98358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\nset()\n",[18,98360,98361,98365],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98362,98363],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98364,12431],{"class":4466},[43,98366,98367,98369],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98368,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98370,9262],{"class":53},[14,98372,98373],{},"Do not do this:",[34,98375,98377],{"className":36,"code":98376,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98378,98379,98399,98413,98417],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98380,98381,98383,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98382,94],{"class":49},[43,98384,98],{"class":97},[43,98386,11110],{"class":53},[43,98388,154],{"class":104},[43,98390,108],{"class":53},[43,98392,1525],{"class":104},[43,98394,108],{"class":53},[43,98396,1530],{"class":104},[43,98398,9928],{"class":53},[43,98400,98401,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98402,94],{"class":49},[43,98404,98],{"class":97},[43,98406,2071],{"class":49},[43,98408,79],{"class":53},[43,98410,12004],{"class":148},[43,98412,9262],{"class":53},[43,98414,98415],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98416,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98418,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,98420,142],{"class":141},[43,98422,145],{"class":53},[43,98424,149],{"class":148},[43,98426,346],{"class":53},[14,98428,349],{},[34,98430,98431],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98432,98433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98434,98435],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98436,12431],{"class":4466},[14,98438,22811,98439,3004,98441,98443,98444,98446,98447,79],{},[18,98440,55188],{},[18,98442,4391],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98445,4391],{}," back to ",[18,98448,149],{},[81,98450,5134],{"id":5133},[14,98452,11368,98453,79],{},[18,98454,97790],{},[1499,98456,13218,98458],{"id":98457},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98459,11942],{},[14,98461,1970],{},[34,98463,98465],{"className":36,"code":98464,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98466,98467,98487,98501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98470,16251],{"class":49},[43,98472,98],{"class":97},[43,98474,11110],{"class":53},[43,98476,154],{"class":104},[43,98478,108],{"class":53},[43,98480,1525],{"class":104},[43,98482,108],{"class":53},[43,98484,1530],{"class":104},[43,98486,9928],{"class":53},[43,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497,98499],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98490,16251],{"class":49},[43,98492,98],{"class":97},[43,98494,97314],{"class":49},[43,98496,79],{"class":53},[43,98498,12004],{"class":148},[43,98500,9262],{"class":53},[43,98502,98503,98505,98507,98509],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98504,142],{"class":141},[43,98506,145],{"class":53},[43,98508,16289],{"class":148},[43,98510,346],{"class":53},[14,98512,349],{},[34,98514,98515],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98516,98517],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98518,98519],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98520,12431],{"class":4466},[14,98522,17277],{},[34,98524,98526],{"className":36,"code":98525,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98527,98528,98548,98558],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98529,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98531,16251],{"class":49},[43,98533,98],{"class":97},[43,98535,11110],{"class":53},[43,98537,154],{"class":104},[43,98539,108],{"class":53},[43,98541,1525],{"class":104},[43,98543,108],{"class":53},[43,98545,1530],{"class":104},[43,98547,9928],{"class":53},[43,98549,98550,98552,98554,98556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98551,16289],{"class":49},[43,98553,79],{"class":53},[43,98555,12004],{"class":148},[43,98557,9262],{"class":53},[43,98559,98560,98562,98564,98566],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98561,142],{"class":141},[43,98563,145],{"class":53},[43,98565,16289],{"class":148},[43,98567,346],{"class":53},[14,98569,349],{},[34,98571,98572],{"className":36,"code":97848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98573,98574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98575,98576,98578],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98577,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98579,9262],{"class":53},[1499,98581,9071,98583,98585],{"id":98582},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98584,11942],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98587,98588,98590,98591,98593],{},[18,98589,11942],{}," removes ",[76,98592,4328],{}," items from the set.",[14,98595,98596,98597,3486,98602,79],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[269,98598,98600],{"href":98599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98601,56157],{},[269,98603,98605],{"href":98604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98606,13387],{},[1499,98608,2445,98610,98612],{"id":98609},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98611,4405],{}," for an empty set",[14,98614,26314],{},[34,98616,98618],{"className":36,"code":98617,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98619,98620,98629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98621,98622,98625,98627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98623,98624],{"class":49},"empty_value ",[43,98626,98],{"class":97},[43,98628,10457],{"class":53},[43,98630,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98642],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98632,142],{"class":141},[43,98634,145],{"class":53},[43,98636,3832],{"class":3510},[43,98638,145],{"class":53},[43,98640,98641],{"class":148},"empty_value",[43,98643,2377],{"class":53},[14,98645,349],{},[34,98647,98648],{"className":36,"code":9427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98649,98650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98651,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98653,3901],{"class":97},[43,98655,3904],{"class":2671},[43,98657,370],{"class":264},[43,98659,9440],{"class":268},[43,98661,361],{"class":264},[43,98663,3913],{"class":97},[14,98665,98666,9407],{},[18,98667,4405],{},[14,98669,98670],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[34,98672,98674],{"className":36,"code":98673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98675,98676,98687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98677,98678,98681,98683,98685],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98679,98680],{"class":49},"empty_set ",[43,98682,98],{"class":97},[43,98684,16256],{"class":3510},[43,98686,9262],{"class":53},[43,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98700],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98690,142],{"class":141},[43,98692,145],{"class":53},[43,98694,3832],{"class":3510},[43,98696,145],{"class":53},[43,98698,98699],{"class":148},"empty_set",[43,98701,2377],{"class":53},[14,98703,349],{},[34,98705,98706],{"className":36,"code":9471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98707,98708],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98709,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98711,3901],{"class":97},[43,98713,3904],{"class":2671},[43,98715,370],{"class":264},[43,98717,6902],{"class":268},[43,98719,361],{"class":264},[43,98721,3913],{"class":97},[1499,98723,98725],{"id":98724},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[34,98727,98729],{"className":36,"code":98728,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98730,98731,98755,98763,98767,98777,98781,98791],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98732,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98734,3161],{"class":49},[43,98736,98],{"class":97},[43,98738,11110],{"class":53},[43,98740,265],{"class":264},[43,98742,2780],{"class":268},[43,98744,265],{"class":264},[43,98746,108],{"class":53},[43,98748,276],{"class":264},[43,98750,12368],{"class":268},[43,98752,265],{"class":264},[43,98754,9928],{"class":53},[43,98756,98757,98759,98761],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98758,3189],{"class":49},[43,98760,98],{"class":97},[43,98762,36803],{"class":49},[43,98764,98765],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,98766,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98768,98769,98771,98773,98775],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,98770,269],{"class":49},[43,98772,79],{"class":53},[43,98774,12004],{"class":148},[43,98776,9262],{"class":53},[43,98778,98779],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,98780,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,98782,98783,98785,98787,98789],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,98784,142],{"class":141},[43,98786,145],{"class":53},[43,98788,269],{"class":148},[43,98790,346],{"class":53},[43,98792,98793,98795,98797,98799],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,98794,142],{"class":141},[43,98796,145],{"class":53},[43,98798,279],{"class":148},[43,98800,346],{"class":53},[14,98802,349],{},[34,98804,98805],{"className":36,"code":98122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98806,98807,98813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98808,98809,98811],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98810,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98812,9262],{"class":53},[43,98814,98815,98817],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98816,6902],{"class":3510},[43,98818,9262],{"class":53},[14,98820,29686,98821,1233,98823,98825],{},[18,98822,269],{},[18,98824,279],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[81,98827,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,98829,2476,98831,5759],{"id":98830},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98832,97790],{},[14,98834,5762,98835,98837],{},[18,98836,4391],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1499,98839,13328,98841,98843],{"id":98840},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98842,11942],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98845,98846],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1499,98848,98850],{"id":98849},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98852,98853,98854,98856,98857,79],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98855,11942],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98858,4410],{},[1499,98860,5794,98862,1233,98864,2490],{"id":98861},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98863,11942],{},[18,98865,4410],{},[14,98867,98868,98870,98871,98873],{},[18,98869,11942],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98872,4410],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[81,98875,2497],{"id":2496},[389,98877,98878,98882,98886,98893,98899,98905],{},[392,98879,98880],{},[269,98881,96718],{"href":97889},[392,98883,98884],{},[269,98885,97728],{"href":98273},[392,98887,98888],{},[269,98889,97204,98891,11361],{"href":98890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98892,96593],{},[392,98894,98895],{},[269,98896,97204,98897,11361],{"href":98599},[18,98898,56157],{},[392,98900,98901],{},[269,98902,97204,98903,11361],{"href":98604},[18,98904,13387],{},[392,98906,98907],{},[269,98908,97204,98910,11361],{"href":98909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98911,15578],{},[2536,98913,98914],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":98916},[98917,98919,98920,98921,98928,98929,98938,98947],{"id":97864,"depth":131,"text":98918},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":98028,"depth":131,"text":98922,"children":98923},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98924,98926],{"id":98041,"depth":138,"text":98925},"Using clear()",{"id":98145,"depth":138,"text":98927},"Using set()",{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":98930},[98931,98933,98935,98937],{"id":98457,"depth":138,"text":98932},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98582,"depth":138,"text":98934},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98609,"depth":138,"text":98936},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98724,"depth":138,"text":98725},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":98939},[98940,98942,98944,98945],{"id":98830,"depth":138,"text":98941},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98840,"depth":138,"text":98943},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98849,"depth":138,"text":98850},{"id":98861,"depth":138,"text":98946},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97778,"description":98948},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98955,"title":98956,"body":98957,"description":100789,"extension":2572,"meta":100790,"navigation":134,"path":96721,"seo":100791,"stem":100792,"__hash__":100793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98958,"toc":100746},[98959,98962,98965,98968,98970,99073,99077,99124,99130,99132,99151,99155,99158,99160,99174,99183,99187,99190,99225,99229,99249,99252,99256,99259,99320,99324,99349,99356,99362,99367,99369,99381,99385,99434,99438,99462,99469,99473,99514,99518,99539,99543,99576,99580,99621,99624,99628,99633,99672,99676,99701,99706,99712,99749,99753,99776,99780,99782,99785,99788,99865,99869,99906,99909,99913,99919,99922,99932,99981,99987,99993,100020,100023,100045,100047,100078,100081,100085,100089,100128,100132,100195,100198,100231,100235,100260,100262,100265,100271,100274,100301,100304,100322,100326,100330,100333,100376,100379,100383,100386,100389,100419,100422,100426,100429,100444,100449,100453,100456,100545,100547,100550,100640,100643,100661,100663,100667,100677,100681,100689,100693,100696,100700,100703,100707,100710,100712,100740,100743],[10,98960,98956],{"id":98961},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98963,98964],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98966,98967],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[81,98969,4221],{"id":4220},[34,98971,98973],{"className":36,"code":98972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98974,98975,98995,99029,99039,99043,99053,99063],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98976,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98978,94],{"class":49},[43,98980,98],{"class":97},[43,98982,11110],{"class":53},[43,98984,154],{"class":104},[43,98986,108],{"class":53},[43,98988,1525],{"class":104},[43,98990,108],{"class":53},[43,98992,1530],{"class":104},[43,98994,9928],{"class":53},[43,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,98998,4685],{"class":49},[43,99000,98],{"class":97},[43,99002,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99004,3595],{"class":53},[43,99006,265],{"class":264},[43,99008,4694],{"class":268},[43,99010,265],{"class":264},[43,99012,108],{"class":53},[43,99014,276],{"class":264},[43,99016,4703],{"class":268},[43,99018,265],{"class":264},[43,99020,108],{"class":53},[43,99022,276],{"class":264},[43,99024,4694],{"class":268},[43,99026,265],{"class":264},[43,99028,1547],{"class":53},[43,99030,99031,99033,99035,99037],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99032,98680],{"class":49},[43,99034,98],{"class":97},[43,99036,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99038,9262],{"class":53},[43,99040,99041],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,99042,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,99044,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,99046,142],{"class":141},[43,99048,145],{"class":53},[43,99050,149],{"class":148},[43,99052,346],{"class":53},[43,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,99056,142],{"class":141},[43,99058,145],{"class":53},[43,99060,4729],{"class":148},[43,99062,346],{"class":53},[43,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,99066,142],{"class":141},[43,99068,145],{"class":53},[43,99070,98699],{"class":148},[43,99072,346],{"class":53},[14,99074,99075],{},[76,99076,349],{},[34,99078,99080],{"className":36,"code":99079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,99081,99082,99098,99118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99083,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99085,9897],{"class":53},[43,99087,154],{"class":104},[43,99089,108],{"class":53},[43,99091,1525],{"class":104},[43,99093,108],{"class":53},[43,99095,1530],{"class":104},[43,99097,9928],{"class":53},[43,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99101,9897],{"class":53},[43,99103,361],{"class":264},[43,99105,4703],{"class":268},[43,99107,361],{"class":264},[43,99109,108],{"class":53},[43,99111,370],{"class":264},[43,99113,4694],{"class":268},[43,99115,361],{"class":264},[43,99117,9928],{"class":53},[43,99119,99120,99122],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99121,6902],{"class":3510},[43,99123,9262],{"class":53},[14,99125,99126,99127,99129],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,99128,4410],{}," for an empty set.",[81,99131,15786],{"id":15785},[389,99133,99134,99137,99142,99145,99148],{},[392,99135,99136],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[392,99138,99139,99140],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,99141,4410],{},[392,99143,99144],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[392,99146,99147],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[392,99149,99150],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[81,99152,99154],{"id":99153},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,99156,99157],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,99159,31166],{},[389,99161,99162,99165,99168,99171],{},[392,99163,99164],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[392,99166,99167],{},"Sets are unordered",[392,99169,99170],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[392,99172,99173],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,99175,99176,99177,3486,99179,79],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[269,99178,96718],{"href":97889},[269,99180,99182],{"href":99181},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[81,99184,99186],{"id":99185},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,99188,99189],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[34,99191,99193],{"className":36,"code":99192,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99194,99195,99215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99196,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99198,94],{"class":49},[43,99200,98],{"class":97},[43,99202,11110],{"class":53},[43,99204,154],{"class":104},[43,99206,108],{"class":53},[43,99208,1525],{"class":104},[43,99210,108],{"class":53},[43,99212,1530],{"class":104},[43,99214,9928],{"class":53},[43,99216,99217,99219,99221,99223],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99218,142],{"class":141},[43,99220,145],{"class":53},[43,99222,149],{"class":148},[43,99224,346],{"class":53},[14,99226,99227],{},[76,99228,30655],{},[34,99230,99231],{"className":36,"code":96997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,99232,99233],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99236,9897],{"class":53},[43,99238,154],{"class":104},[43,99240,108],{"class":53},[43,99242,1525],{"class":104},[43,99244,108],{"class":53},[43,99246,1530],{"class":104},[43,99248,9928],{"class":53},[14,99250,99251],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1499,99253,99255],{"id":99254},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,99257,99258],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[34,99260,99262],{"className":36,"code":99261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,99263,99264,99296,99306],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99265,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99267,94],{"class":49},[43,99269,98],{"class":97},[43,99271,11110],{"class":53},[43,99273,154],{"class":104},[43,99275,108],{"class":53},[43,99277,1525],{"class":104},[43,99279,108],{"class":53},[43,99281,1525],{"class":104},[43,99283,108],{"class":53},[43,99285,1530],{"class":104},[43,99287,108],{"class":53},[43,99289,1530],{"class":104},[43,99291,108],{"class":53},[43,99293,1530],{"class":104},[43,99295,9928],{"class":53},[43,99297,99298,99300,99302,99304],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99299,142],{"class":141},[43,99301,145],{"class":53},[43,99303,149],{"class":148},[43,99305,346],{"class":53},[43,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99309,142],{"class":141},[43,99311,145],{"class":53},[43,99313,2370],{"class":141},[43,99315,145],{"class":53},[43,99317,149],{"class":148},[43,99319,2377],{"class":53},[14,99321,99322],{},[76,99323,30655],{},[34,99325,99327],{"className":36,"code":99326,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,99328,99329,99345],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99330,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99332,9897],{"class":53},[43,99334,154],{"class":104},[43,99336,108],{"class":53},[43,99338,1525],{"class":104},[43,99340,108],{"class":53},[43,99342,1530],{"class":104},[43,99344,9928],{"class":53},[43,99346,99347],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99348,47244],{"class":104},[14,99350,21599,99351,1233,99353,99355],{},[18,99352,201],{},[18,99354,181],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[81,99357,99359,99360],{"id":99358},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,99361,4410],{},[14,99363,230,99364,99366],{},[18,99365,4410],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99368,6073],{},[389,99370,99371,99373,99375,99377],{},[392,99372,97477],{},[392,99374,96773],{},[392,99376,57093],{},[392,99378,99379],{},[18,99380,36826],{},[1499,99382,99384],{"id":99383},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[34,99386,99388],{"className":36,"code":99387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99389,99390,99424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99391,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99393,94],{"class":49},[43,99395,98],{"class":97},[43,99397,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99399,3595],{"class":53},[43,99401,154],{"class":104},[43,99403,108],{"class":53},[43,99405,1525],{"class":104},[43,99407,108],{"class":53},[43,99409,1525],{"class":104},[43,99411,108],{"class":53},[43,99413,1530],{"class":104},[43,99415,108],{"class":53},[43,99417,1530],{"class":104},[43,99419,108],{"class":53},[43,99421,3064],{"class":104},[43,99423,1547],{"class":53},[43,99425,99426,99428,99430,99432],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99427,142],{"class":141},[43,99429,145],{"class":53},[43,99431,149],{"class":148},[43,99433,346],{"class":53},[14,99435,99436],{},[76,99437,30655],{},[34,99439,99440],{"className":36,"code":96660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,99441,99442],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99443,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99445,9897],{"class":53},[43,99447,154],{"class":104},[43,99449,108],{"class":53},[43,99451,1525],{"class":104},[43,99453,108],{"class":53},[43,99455,1530],{"class":104},[43,99457,108],{"class":53},[43,99459,3064],{"class":104},[43,99461,9928],{"class":53},[14,99463,99464,99465,79],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[269,99466,99468],{"href":99467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1499,99470,99472],{"id":99471},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[34,99474,99476],{"className":36,"code":99475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99477,99478,99504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99479,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99481,4436],{"class":49},[43,99483,98],{"class":97},[43,99485,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99487,6126],{"class":53},[43,99489,105],{"class":104},[43,99491,108],{"class":53},[43,99493,111],{"class":104},[43,99495,108],{"class":53},[43,99497,111],{"class":104},[43,99499,108],{"class":53},[43,99501,116],{"class":104},[43,99503,2377],{"class":53},[43,99505,99506,99508,99510,99512],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99507,142],{"class":141},[43,99509,145],{"class":53},[43,99511,5974],{"class":148},[43,99513,346],{"class":53},[14,99515,99516],{},[76,99517,30655],{},[34,99519,99521],{"className":36,"code":99520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99522,99523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99524,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99526,9897],{"class":53},[43,99528,105],{"class":104},[43,99530,108],{"class":53},[43,99532,111],{"class":104},[43,99534,108],{"class":53},[43,99536,116],{"class":104},[43,99538,9928],{"class":53},[1499,99540,99542],{"id":99541},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[34,99544,99546],{"className":36,"code":99545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99547,99548,99566],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99549,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99551,257],{"class":49},[43,99553,98],{"class":97},[43,99555,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99557,145],{"class":53},[43,99559,265],{"class":264},[43,99561,4459],{"class":268},[43,99563,265],{"class":264},[43,99565,346],{"class":53},[43,99567,99568,99570,99572,99574],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99569,142],{"class":141},[43,99571,145],{"class":53},[43,99573,1079],{"class":148},[43,99575,346],{"class":53},[14,99577,99578],{},[76,99579,30655],{},[34,99581,99583],{"className":36,"code":99582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99584,99585],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99586,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99588,9897],{"class":53},[43,99590,361],{"class":264},[43,99592,61065],{"class":268},[43,99594,361],{"class":264},[43,99596,108],{"class":53},[43,99598,370],{"class":264},[43,99600,306],{"class":268},[43,99602,361],{"class":264},[43,99604,108],{"class":53},[43,99606,370],{"class":264},[43,99608,61082],{"class":268},[43,99610,361],{"class":264},[43,99612,108],{"class":53},[43,99614,370],{"class":264},[43,99616,61099],{"class":268},[43,99618,361],{"class":264},[43,99620,9928],{"class":53},[14,99622,99623],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[81,99625,99627],{"id":99626},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99629,99630,99631,79],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99632,4410],{},[34,99634,99636],{"className":36,"code":99635,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99637,99638,99648,99658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99639,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99641,98680],{"class":49},[43,99643,98],{"class":97},[43,99645,16256],{"class":3510},[43,99647,9262],{"class":53},[43,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99651,142],{"class":141},[43,99653,145],{"class":53},[43,99655,98699],{"class":148},[43,99657,346],{"class":53},[43,99659,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99661,142],{"class":141},[43,99663,145],{"class":53},[43,99665,3832],{"class":3510},[43,99667,145],{"class":53},[43,99669,98699],{"class":148},[43,99671,2377],{"class":53},[14,99673,99674],{},[76,99675,349],{},[34,99677,99679],{"className":36,"code":99678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99680,99681,99687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99682,99683,99685],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99684,6902],{"class":3510},[43,99686,9262],{"class":53},[43,99688,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99690,3901],{"class":97},[43,99692,3904],{"class":2671},[43,99694,370],{"class":264},[43,99696,6902],{"class":268},[43,99698,361],{"class":264},[43,99700,3913],{"class":97},[1499,99702,45055,99704],{"id":99703},"do-not-use",[18,99705,4405],{},[14,99707,99708,99709,99711],{},"Empty braces do ",[76,99710,1957],{}," create a set.",[34,99713,99715],{"className":36,"code":99714,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99716,99717,99725,99735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99718,99719,99721,99723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99720,98624],{"class":49},[43,99722,98],{"class":97},[43,99724,10457],{"class":53},[43,99726,99727,99729,99731,99733],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99728,142],{"class":141},[43,99730,145],{"class":53},[43,99732,98641],{"class":148},[43,99734,346],{"class":53},[43,99736,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99738,142],{"class":141},[43,99740,145],{"class":53},[43,99742,3832],{"class":3510},[43,99744,145],{"class":53},[43,99746,98641],{"class":148},[43,99748,2377],{"class":53},[14,99750,99751],{},[76,99752,349],{},[34,99754,99756],{"className":36,"code":99755,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99757,99758,99762],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99759,99760],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99761,10054],{"class":53},[43,99763,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99765,3901],{"class":97},[43,99767,3904],{"class":2671},[43,99769,370],{"class":264},[43,99771,9440],{"class":268},[43,99773,361],{"class":264},[43,99775,3913],{"class":97},[14,99777,99778,9407],{},[18,99779,4405],{},[81,99781,72888],{"id":72887},[14,99783,99784],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99786,99787],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[34,99789,99791],{"className":36,"code":99790,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99792,99793,99841,99851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99794,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99796,4685],{"class":49},[43,99798,98],{"class":97},[43,99800,11110],{"class":53},[43,99802,265],{"class":264},[43,99804,4694],{"class":268},[43,99806,265],{"class":264},[43,99808,108],{"class":53},[43,99810,276],{"class":264},[43,99812,4703],{"class":268},[43,99814,265],{"class":264},[43,99816,108],{"class":53},[43,99818,276],{"class":264},[43,99820,4694],{"class":268},[43,99822,265],{"class":264},[43,99824,108],{"class":53},[43,99826,276],{"class":264},[43,99828,4694],{"class":268},[43,99830,265],{"class":264},[43,99832,108],{"class":53},[43,99834,276],{"class":264},[43,99836,33848],{"class":268},[43,99838,265],{"class":264},[43,99840,9928],{"class":53},[43,99842,99843,99845,99847,99849],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99844,142],{"class":141},[43,99846,145],{"class":53},[43,99848,4729],{"class":148},[43,99850,346],{"class":53},[43,99852,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,99854,142],{"class":141},[43,99856,145],{"class":53},[43,99858,2370],{"class":141},[43,99860,145],{"class":53},[43,99862,4729],{"class":148},[43,99864,2377],{"class":53},[14,99866,99867],{},[76,99868,30655],{},[34,99870,99872],{"className":36,"code":99871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99873,99874,99902],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99875,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99877,9897],{"class":53},[43,99879,361],{"class":264},[43,99881,4703],{"class":268},[43,99883,361],{"class":264},[43,99885,108],{"class":53},[43,99887,370],{"class":264},[43,99889,33848],{"class":268},[43,99891,361],{"class":264},[43,99893,108],{"class":53},[43,99895,370],{"class":264},[43,99897,4694],{"class":268},[43,99899,361],{"class":264},[43,99901,9928],{"class":53},[43,99903,99904],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99905,47244],{"class":104},[14,99907,99908],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[81,99910,99912],{"id":99911},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99914,99915,99916,99918],{},"Set items must be ",[76,99917,96761],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99920,99921],{},"These usually work:",[389,99923,99924,99926,99928,99930],{},[392,99925,57090],{},[392,99927,57093],{},[392,99929,96773],{},[392,99931,41222],{},[34,99933,99935],{"className":36,"code":99934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99936,99937,99971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99938,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99940,4436],{"class":49},[43,99942,98],{"class":97},[43,99944,11110],{"class":53},[43,99946,154],{"class":104},[43,99948,108],{"class":53},[43,99950,276],{"class":264},[43,99952,4694],{"class":268},[43,99954,265],{"class":264},[43,99956,108],{"class":53},[43,99958,9855],{"class":53},[43,99960,105],{"class":104},[43,99962,108],{"class":53},[43,99964,111],{"class":104},[43,99966,9852],{"class":53},[43,99968,4530],{"class":4466},[43,99970,9928],{"class":53},[43,99972,99973,99975,99977,99979],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,99974,142],{"class":141},[43,99976,145],{"class":53},[43,99978,5974],{"class":148},[43,99980,346],{"class":53},[14,99982,99983,99984,99986],{},"These do ",[76,99985,1957],{}," work directly:",[389,99988,99989,99991],{},[392,99990,97477],{},[392,99992,97480],{},[34,99994,99996],{"className":36,"code":99995,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99997,99998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99999,100000,100003,100005,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100001,100002],{"class":49},"bad_set ",[43,100004,98],{"class":97},[43,100006,100007],{"class":53}," {[",[43,100009,154],{"class":104},[43,100011,108],{"class":53},[43,100013,1525],{"class":104},[43,100015,108],{"class":53},[43,100017,1530],{"class":104},[43,100019,14331],{"class":53},[14,100021,100022],{},"This raises an error:",[34,100024,100025],{"className":36,"code":97536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,100026,100027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100028,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100030,3614],{"class":3510},[43,100032,59],{"class":53},[43,100034,97547],{"class":49},[43,100036,3832],{"class":3510},[43,100038,59],{"class":53},[43,100040,370],{"class":264},[43,100042,8712],{"class":268},[43,100044,30325],{"class":264},[14,100046,52707],{},[34,100048,100050],{"className":36,"code":100049,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,100051,100052],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100053,100054,100056,100058,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100055,100002],{"class":49},[43,100057,98],{"class":97},[43,100059,100060],{"class":53}," {{",[43,100062,265],{"class":264},[43,100064,8286],{"class":268},[43,100066,265],{"class":264},[43,100068,59],{"class":53},[43,100070,276],{"class":264},[43,100072,8295],{"class":268},[43,100074,265],{"class":264},[43,100076,100077],{"class":53},"}}\n",[14,100079,100080],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[81,100082,100084],{"id":100083},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1499,100086,100088],{"id":100087},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[34,100090,100092],{"className":36,"code":100091,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100093,100094,100118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100095,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100097,94],{"class":49},[43,100099,98],{"class":97},[43,100101,11110],{"class":53},[43,100103,154],{"class":104},[43,100105,108],{"class":53},[43,100107,1525],{"class":104},[43,100109,108],{"class":53},[43,100111,1530],{"class":104},[43,100113,108],{"class":53},[43,100115,3064],{"class":104},[43,100117,9928],{"class":53},[43,100119,100120,100122,100124,100126],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100121,142],{"class":141},[43,100123,145],{"class":53},[43,100125,149],{"class":148},[43,100127,346],{"class":53},[1499,100129,100131],{"id":100130},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[34,100133,100135],{"className":36,"code":100134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,100136,100137,100165,100180,100184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100138,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100140,8398],{"class":49},[43,100142,98],{"class":97},[43,100144,101],{"class":53},[43,100146,154],{"class":104},[43,100148,108],{"class":53},[43,100150,6113],{"class":104},[43,100152,108],{"class":53},[43,100154,1525],{"class":104},[43,100156,108],{"class":53},[43,100158,1530],{"class":104},[43,100160,108],{"class":53},[43,100162,1530],{"class":104},[43,100164,68],{"class":53},[43,100166,100167,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100168,100169],{"class":49},"unique_items ",[43,100171,98],{"class":97},[43,100173,16256],{"class":3510},[43,100175,145],{"class":53},[43,100177,8427],{"class":148},[43,100179,346],{"class":53},[43,100181,100182],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,100183,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,100185,100186,100188,100190,100193],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,100187,142],{"class":141},[43,100189,145],{"class":53},[43,100191,100192],{"class":148},"unique_items",[43,100194,346],{"class":53},[1499,100196,99542],{"id":100197},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[34,100199,100201],{"className":36,"code":100200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,100202,100203,100221],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100204,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100206,257],{"class":49},[43,100208,98],{"class":97},[43,100210,16256],{"class":3510},[43,100212,145],{"class":53},[43,100214,265],{"class":264},[43,100216,4703],{"class":268},[43,100218,265],{"class":264},[43,100220,346],{"class":53},[43,100222,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100224,142],{"class":141},[43,100226,145],{"class":53},[43,100228,1079],{"class":148},[43,100230,346],{"class":53},[1499,100232,100234],{"id":100233},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[34,100236,100238],{"className":36,"code":100237,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,100239,100240,100250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100241,100242,100244,100246,100248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100243,98680],{"class":49},[43,100245,98],{"class":97},[43,100247,16256],{"class":3510},[43,100249,9262],{"class":53},[43,100251,100252,100254,100256,100258],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100253,142],{"class":141},[43,100255,145],{"class":53},[43,100257,98699],{"class":148},[43,100259,346],{"class":53},[81,100261,3438],{"id":3437},[14,100263,100264],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1499,100266,2445,100268,100270],{"id":100267},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,100269,4405],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,100272,100273],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[34,100275,100277],{"className":36,"code":100276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,100278,100279,100287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100280,100281,100283,100285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100282,3054],{"class":49},[43,100284,98],{"class":97},[43,100286,10457],{"class":53},[43,100288,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100290,142],{"class":141},[43,100292,145],{"class":53},[43,100294,3832],{"class":3510},[43,100296,145],{"class":53},[43,100298,3080],{"class":148},[43,100300,2377],{"class":53},[14,100302,100303],{},"This prints:",[34,100305,100306],{"className":36,"code":9427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,100307,100308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100309,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100311,3901],{"class":97},[43,100313,3904],{"class":2671},[43,100315,370],{"class":264},[43,100317,9440],{"class":268},[43,100319,361],{"class":264},[43,100321,3913],{"class":97},[14,100323,230,100324,7247],{},[18,100325,4410],{},[1499,100327,100329],{"id":100328},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100331,100332],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[34,100334,100336],{"className":36,"code":100335,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100337,100338,100366],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100339,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100341,94],{"class":49},[43,100343,98],{"class":97},[43,100345,11110],{"class":53},[43,100347,154],{"class":104},[43,100349,108],{"class":53},[43,100351,6113],{"class":104},[43,100353,108],{"class":53},[43,100355,1525],{"class":104},[43,100357,108],{"class":53},[43,100359,1525],{"class":104},[43,100361,108],{"class":53},[43,100363,1530],{"class":104},[43,100365,9928],{"class":53},[43,100367,100368,100370,100372,100374],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100369,142],{"class":141},[43,100371,145],{"class":53},[43,100373,149],{"class":148},[43,100375,346],{"class":53},[14,100377,100378],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1499,100380,100382],{"id":100381},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100384,100385],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100387,100388],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[34,100390,100392],{"className":36,"code":100391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,100393,100394,100414],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100395,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100397,94],{"class":49},[43,100399,98],{"class":97},[43,100401,11110],{"class":53},[43,100403,105],{"class":104},[43,100405,108],{"class":53},[43,100407,111],{"class":104},[43,100409,108],{"class":53},[43,100411,116],{"class":104},[43,100413,9928],{"class":53},[43,100415,100416],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100417,100418],{"class":165},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100420,100421],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1499,100423,100425],{"id":100424},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100427,100428],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[34,100430,100432],{"className":36,"code":100431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,100433,100434,100439],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100435,100436],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100437,100438],{"class":165},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[43,100440,100441],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100442,100443],{"class":165},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100445,100446,100447,79],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100448,3614],{},[1499,100450,100452],{"id":100451},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100454,100455],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[34,100457,100459],{"className":36,"code":100458,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100460,100461,100481,100513,100517,100531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100462,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100464,16251],{"class":49},[43,100466,98],{"class":97},[43,100468,11110],{"class":53},[43,100470,154],{"class":104},[43,100472,108],{"class":53},[43,100474,1525],{"class":104},[43,100476,108],{"class":53},[43,100478,1530],{"class":104},[43,100480,9928],{"class":53},[43,100482,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100484,12347],{"class":49},[43,100486,98],{"class":97},[43,100488,11110],{"class":53},[43,100490,265],{"class":264},[43,100492,269],{"class":268},[43,100494,265],{"class":264},[43,100496,59],{"class":53},[43,100498,6113],{"class":104},[43,100500,108],{"class":53},[43,100502,276],{"class":264},[43,100504,279],{"class":268},[43,100506,265],{"class":264},[43,100508,59],{"class":53},[43,100510,1525],{"class":104},[43,100512,9928],{"class":53},[43,100514,100515],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,100516,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,100518,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,100520,142],{"class":141},[43,100522,145],{"class":53},[43,100524,3832],{"class":3510},[43,100526,145],{"class":53},[43,100528,16289],{"class":148},[43,100530,2377],{"class":53},[43,100532,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,100534,142],{"class":141},[43,100536,145],{"class":53},[43,100538,3832],{"class":3510},[43,100540,145],{"class":53},[43,100542,12071],{"class":148},[43,100544,2377],{"class":53},[81,100546,93173],{"id":93172},[14,100548,100549],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[34,100551,100553],{"className":36,"code":100552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100554,100555,100581,100585,100599,100609,100623,100630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100558,16251],{"class":49},[43,100560,98],{"class":97},[43,100562,16256],{"class":3510},[43,100564,3595],{"class":53},[43,100566,154],{"class":104},[43,100568,108],{"class":53},[43,100570,1525],{"class":104},[43,100572,108],{"class":53},[43,100574,1525],{"class":104},[43,100576,108],{"class":53},[43,100578,1530],{"class":104},[43,100580,1547],{"class":53},[43,100582,100583],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100584,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,100586,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,100588,142],{"class":141},[43,100590,145],{"class":53},[43,100592,3832],{"class":3510},[43,100594,145],{"class":53},[43,100596,16289],{"class":148},[43,100598,2377],{"class":53},[43,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,100602,142],{"class":141},[43,100604,145],{"class":53},[43,100606,16289],{"class":148},[43,100608,346],{"class":53},[43,100610,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,100612,142],{"class":141},[43,100614,145],{"class":53},[43,100616,2370],{"class":141},[43,100618,145],{"class":53},[43,100620,16289],{"class":148},[43,100622,2377],{"class":53},[43,100624,100625,100627],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,100626,142],{"class":141},[43,100628,100629],{"class":53},"({})\n",[43,100631,100632,100634,100636,100638],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,100633,142],{"class":141},[43,100635,145],{"class":53},[43,100637,6902],{"class":3510},[43,100639,7811],{"class":53},[14,100641,100642],{},"Use these to confirm:",[389,100644,100645,100648,100651,100654],{},[392,100646,100647],{},"The object type",[392,100649,100650],{},"The actual values stored",[392,100652,100653],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[392,100655,100656,100657,1233,100659],{},"The difference between ",[18,100658,4405],{},[18,100660,4410],{},[81,100662,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,100664,100666],{"id":100665},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100668,100669,100670,100673,100674,100676],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100671,100672],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100675,4410],{}," with another iterable.",[1499,100678,100680],{"id":100679},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100682,230,100683,100685,100686,100688],{},[18,100684,4410],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100687,4405],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1499,100690,100692],{"id":100691},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100694,100695],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1499,100697,100699],{"id":100698},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100701,100702],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1499,100704,100706],{"id":100705},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100708,100709],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[81,100711,2497],{"id":2496},[389,100713,100714,100718,100724,100730,100735],{},[392,100715,100716],{},[269,100717,96718],{"href":97889},[392,100719,100720],{},[269,100721,4187,100722,11361],{"href":98890},[18,100723,96598],{},[392,100725,100726],{},[269,100727,4187,100728,11361],{"href":98909},[18,100729,97704],{},[392,100731,100732],{},[269,100733,100734],{"href":99467},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[392,100736,100737],{},[269,100738,100739],{"href":99181},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100741,100742],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2536,100744,100745],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":100747},[100748,100749,100750,100751,100754,100760,100764,100765,100766,100772,100780,100781,100788],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":99153,"depth":131,"text":99154},{"id":99185,"depth":131,"text":99186,"children":100752},[100753],{"id":99254,"depth":138,"text":99255},{"id":99358,"depth":131,"text":100755,"children":100756},"Create a set with set()",[100757,100758,100759],{"id":99383,"depth":138,"text":99384},{"id":99471,"depth":138,"text":99472},{"id":99541,"depth":138,"text":99542},{"id":99626,"depth":131,"text":99627,"children":100761},[100762],{"id":99703,"depth":138,"text":100763},"Do not use {}",{"id":72887,"depth":131,"text":72888},{"id":99911,"depth":131,"text":99912},{"id":100083,"depth":131,"text":100084,"children":100767},[100768,100769,100770,100771],{"id":100087,"depth":138,"text":100088},{"id":100130,"depth":138,"text":100131},{"id":100197,"depth":138,"text":99542},{"id":100233,"depth":138,"text":100234},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":100773},[100774,100776,100777,100778,100779],{"id":100267,"depth":138,"text":100775},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100328,"depth":138,"text":100329},{"id":100381,"depth":138,"text":100382},{"id":100424,"depth":138,"text":100425},{"id":100451,"depth":138,"text":100452},{"id":93172,"depth":131,"text":93173},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":100782},[100783,100784,100785,100786,100787],{"id":100665,"depth":138,"text":100666},{"id":100679,"depth":138,"text":100680},{"id":100691,"depth":138,"text":100692},{"id":100698,"depth":138,"text":100699},{"id":100705,"depth":138,"text":100706},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98956,"description":100789},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100795,"title":100796,"body":100797,"description":103228,"extension":2572,"meta":103229,"navigation":134,"path":103230,"seo":103231,"stem":103232,"__hash__":103233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100798,"toc":103193},[100799,100805,100811,100814,100816,100893,100895,100912,100922,100924,100929,100937,100939,100955,100959,100961,100963,100966,100987,100990,101014,101020,101022,101119,101121,101138,101148,101150,101152,101160,101162,101173,101175,101266,101268,101292,101303,101305,101307,101310,101440,101442,101515,101517,101538,101541,101543,101549,101554,101557,101684,101686,101703,101706,101708,101716,101719,101723,101731,101822,101824,101861,101866,101873,101950,101952,101968,101973,101978,101980,101989,101997,102078,102080,102109,102112,102116,102127,102130,102213,102215,102236,102242,102244,102246,102250,102254,102261,102326,102328,102348,102351,102420,102422,102438,102442,102448,102460,102468,102470,102555,102557,102586,102589,102593,102598,102600,102650,102653,102734,102736,102752,102756,102759,102834,102837,102841,102844,102921,102923,102956,102962,102966,102969,103104,103106,103120,103122,103124,103130,103133,103140,103148,103154,103157,103161,103164,103166,103168,103190],[10,100800,96590,100802,11943],{"id":100801},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100803,100804],{},"difference()",[14,100806,100807,100810],{},[18,100808,100809],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100812,100813],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[81,100815,4221],{"id":4220},[34,100817,100819],{"className":36,"code":100818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100820,100821,100845,100865,100883],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100822,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100824,3161],{"class":49},[43,100826,98],{"class":97},[43,100828,11110],{"class":53},[43,100830,154],{"class":104},[43,100832,108],{"class":53},[43,100834,1525],{"class":104},[43,100836,108],{"class":53},[43,100838,1530],{"class":104},[43,100840,108],{"class":53},[43,100842,3064],{"class":104},[43,100844,9928],{"class":53},[43,100846,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,100848,3189],{"class":49},[43,100850,98],{"class":97},[43,100852,11110],{"class":53},[43,100854,181],{"class":104},[43,100856,108],{"class":53},[43,100858,3064],{"class":104},[43,100860,108],{"class":53},[43,100862,5221],{"class":104},[43,100864,9928],{"class":53},[43,100866,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,100868,2836],{"class":49},[43,100870,98],{"class":97},[43,100872,57515],{"class":49},[43,100874,79],{"class":53},[43,100876,3419],{"class":148},[43,100878,145],{"class":53},[43,100880,279],{"class":148},[43,100882,346],{"class":53},[43,100884,100885,100887,100889,100891],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,100886,142],{"class":141},[43,100888,145],{"class":53},[43,100890,2871],{"class":148},[43,100892,346],{"class":53},[14,100894,349],{},[34,100896,100898],{"className":36,"code":100897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100899,100900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100901,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100903,9897],{"class":53},[43,100905,154],{"class":104},[43,100907,108],{"class":53},[43,100909,1525],{"class":104},[43,100911,9928],{"class":53},[14,100913,100914,100916,100917,100919,100920,79],{},[18,100915,100804],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100918,269],{}," that are not in ",[18,100921,279],{},[45543,100923],{},[81,100925,4289,100927,4292],{"id":100926},"what-difference-does",[18,100928,100804],{},[14,100930,1242,100931,100933,100934,100936],{},[18,100932,100804],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[76,100935,1957],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100938,387],{},[389,100940,100941,100946,100949,100952],{},[392,100942,100943,100945],{},[18,100944,100804],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[392,100947,100948],{},"It creates a new set",[392,100950,100951],{},"It does not change the original set",[392,100953,100954],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100956,96714,100957,79],{},[269,100958,96718],{"href":97889},[45543,100960],{},[81,100962,2763],{"id":2762},[14,100964,100965],{},"Use this form:",[34,100967,100969],{"className":36,"code":100968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100970,100971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100972,100973,100976,100978,100980,100982,100985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100974,100975],{"class":49},"set1",[43,100977,79],{"class":53},[43,100979,3419],{"class":148},[43,100981,145],{"class":53},[43,100983,100984],{"class":148},"set2",[43,100986,346],{"class":53},[14,100988,100989],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[34,100991,100993],{"className":36,"code":100992,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100994,100995],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100996,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101012],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100998,100975],{"class":49},[43,101000,79],{"class":53},[43,101002,3419],{"class":148},[43,101004,145],{"class":53},[43,101006,100984],{"class":148},[43,101008,108],{"class":53},[43,101010,101011],{"class":148}," set3",[43,101013,346],{"class":53},[14,101015,101016,101017,101019],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[76,101018,5969],{}," of the other sets.",[14,101021,494],{},[34,101023,101025],{"className":36,"code":101024,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101026,101027,101055,101071,101083,101087,101109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101028,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101030,3161],{"class":49},[43,101032,98],{"class":97},[43,101034,11110],{"class":53},[43,101036,154],{"class":104},[43,101038,108],{"class":53},[43,101040,1525],{"class":104},[43,101042,108],{"class":53},[43,101044,1530],{"class":104},[43,101046,108],{"class":53},[43,101048,3064],{"class":104},[43,101050,108],{"class":53},[43,101052,5221],{"class":104},[43,101054,9928],{"class":53},[43,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101058,3189],{"class":49},[43,101060,98],{"class":97},[43,101062,11110],{"class":53},[43,101064,201],{"class":104},[43,101066,108],{"class":53},[43,101068,1530],{"class":104},[43,101070,9928],{"class":53},[43,101072,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101074,83573],{"class":49},[43,101076,98],{"class":97},[43,101078,11110],{"class":53},[43,101080,831],{"class":104},[43,101082,9928],{"class":53},[43,101084,101085],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101086,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101088,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101090,2836],{"class":49},[43,101092,98],{"class":97},[43,101094,57515],{"class":49},[43,101096,79],{"class":53},[43,101098,3419],{"class":148},[43,101100,145],{"class":53},[43,101102,279],{"class":148},[43,101104,108],{"class":53},[43,101106,10301],{"class":148},[43,101108,346],{"class":53},[43,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101112,142],{"class":141},[43,101114,145],{"class":53},[43,101116,2871],{"class":148},[43,101118,346],{"class":53},[14,101120,349],{},[34,101122,101124],{"className":36,"code":101123,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 4}\n",[18,101125,101126],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101127,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101129,9897],{"class":53},[43,101131,154],{"class":104},[43,101133,108],{"class":53},[43,101135,3064],{"class":104},[43,101137,9928],{"class":53},[14,101139,101140,101141,101143,101144,3486,101146,79],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,101142,269],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,101145,279],{},[18,101147,288],{},[45543,101149],{},[81,101151,18040],{"id":18039},[14,101153,101154,101156,101157,79],{},[18,101155,100804],{}," always returns a ",[76,101158,101159],{},"new set",[14,101161,44276],{},[389,101163,101164,101167,101170],{},[392,101165,101166],{},"The return value is a new set",[392,101168,101169],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[392,101171,101172],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,101174,494],{},[34,101176,101178],{"className":36,"code":101177,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,101179,101180,101196,101216,101220,101238,101242,101252],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101181,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101183,3161],{"class":49},[43,101185,98],{"class":97},[43,101187,11110],{"class":53},[43,101189,154],{"class":104},[43,101191,108],{"class":53},[43,101193,1525],{"class":104},[43,101195,9928],{"class":53},[43,101197,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101199,3189],{"class":49},[43,101201,98],{"class":97},[43,101203,11110],{"class":53},[43,101205,154],{"class":104},[43,101207,108],{"class":53},[43,101209,1525],{"class":104},[43,101211,108],{"class":53},[43,101213,1530],{"class":104},[43,101215,9928],{"class":53},[43,101217,101218],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101219,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101221,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101223,2836],{"class":49},[43,101225,98],{"class":97},[43,101227,57515],{"class":49},[43,101229,79],{"class":53},[43,101231,3419],{"class":148},[43,101233,145],{"class":53},[43,101235,279],{"class":148},[43,101237,346],{"class":53},[43,101239,101240],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101241,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101243,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101245,142],{"class":141},[43,101247,145],{"class":53},[43,101249,2871],{"class":148},[43,101251,346],{"class":53},[43,101253,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,101255,142],{"class":141},[43,101257,145],{"class":53},[43,101259,3832],{"class":3510},[43,101261,145],{"class":53},[43,101263,2871],{"class":148},[43,101265,2377],{"class":53},[14,101267,349],{},[34,101269,101270],{"className":36,"code":99678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,101271,101272,101278],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101273,101274,101276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101275,6902],{"class":3510},[43,101277,9262],{"class":53},[43,101279,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101281,3901],{"class":97},[43,101283,3904],{"class":2671},[43,101285,370],{"class":264},[43,101287,6902],{"class":268},[43,101289,361],{"class":264},[43,101291,3913],{"class":97},[14,101293,101294,101295,19585,101297,101299,101300,101302],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,101296,4410],{},[18,101298,4405],{},". In Python, ",[18,101301,4405],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45543,101304],{},[81,101306,12097],{"id":12096},[14,101308,101309],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[34,101311,101313],{"className":36,"code":101312,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,101314,101315,101348,101381,101385,101405,101409,101419,101430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101316,101317,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101318,101319],{"class":49},"fruits_a ",[43,101321,98],{"class":97},[43,101323,11110],{"class":53},[43,101325,265],{"class":264},[43,101327,4694],{"class":268},[43,101329,265],{"class":264},[43,101331,108],{"class":53},[43,101333,276],{"class":264},[43,101335,4703],{"class":268},[43,101337,265],{"class":264},[43,101339,108],{"class":53},[43,101341,276],{"class":264},[43,101343,33848],{"class":268},[43,101345,265],{"class":264},[43,101347,9928],{"class":53},[43,101349,101350,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101351,101352],{"class":49},"fruits_b ",[43,101354,98],{"class":97},[43,101356,11110],{"class":53},[43,101358,265],{"class":264},[43,101360,4703],{"class":268},[43,101362,265],{"class":264},[43,101364,108],{"class":53},[43,101366,276],{"class":264},[43,101368,33848],{"class":268},[43,101370,265],{"class":264},[43,101372,108],{"class":53},[43,101374,276],{"class":264},[43,101376,23155],{"class":268},[43,101378,265],{"class":264},[43,101380,9928],{"class":53},[43,101382,101383],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101384,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101386,101387,101389,101391,101394,101396,101398,101400,101403],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101388,2836],{"class":49},[43,101390,98],{"class":97},[43,101392,101393],{"class":49}," fruits_a",[43,101395,79],{"class":53},[43,101397,3419],{"class":148},[43,101399,145],{"class":53},[43,101401,101402],{"class":148},"fruits_b",[43,101404,346],{"class":53},[43,101406,101407],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101410,101411,101413,101415,101417],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101412,142],{"class":141},[43,101414,145],{"class":53},[43,101416,2871],{"class":148},[43,101418,346],{"class":53},[43,101420,101421,101423,101425,101428],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,101422,142],{"class":141},[43,101424,145],{"class":53},[43,101426,101427],{"class":148},"fruits_a",[43,101429,346],{"class":53},[43,101431,101432,101434,101436,101438],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,101433,142],{"class":141},[43,101435,145],{"class":53},[43,101437,101402],{"class":148},[43,101439,346],{"class":53},[14,101441,30655],{},[34,101443,101445],{"className":36,"code":101444,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101446,101447,101459,101487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101450,9897],{"class":53},[43,101452,361],{"class":264},[43,101454,4694],{"class":268},[43,101456,361],{"class":264},[43,101458,9928],{"class":53},[43,101460,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101462,9897],{"class":53},[43,101464,361],{"class":264},[43,101466,4703],{"class":268},[43,101468,361],{"class":264},[43,101470,108],{"class":53},[43,101472,370],{"class":264},[43,101474,33848],{"class":268},[43,101476,361],{"class":264},[43,101478,108],{"class":53},[43,101480,370],{"class":264},[43,101482,4694],{"class":268},[43,101484,361],{"class":264},[43,101486,9928],{"class":53},[43,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101490,9897],{"class":53},[43,101492,361],{"class":264},[43,101494,4703],{"class":268},[43,101496,361],{"class":264},[43,101498,108],{"class":53},[43,101500,370],{"class":264},[43,101502,33848],{"class":268},[43,101504,361],{"class":264},[43,101506,108],{"class":53},[43,101508,370],{"class":264},[43,101510,23155],{"class":268},[43,101512,361],{"class":264},[43,101514,9928],{"class":53},[14,101516,12306],{},[389,101518,101519,101524,101529,101535],{},[392,101520,101521,101522],{},"Start with ",[18,101523,101427],{},[392,101525,101526,101527],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101528,101402],{},[392,101530,101531,101532,101534],{},"Only ",[18,101533,58459],{}," remains",[392,101536,101537],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101539,101540],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45543,101542],{},[81,101544,2445,101546,101548],{"id":101545},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101547,100804],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101550,101551,101552,79],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101553,100804],{},[14,101555,101556],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[34,101558,101560],{"className":36,"code":101559,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101561,101562,101594,101611,101624,101641,101645,101674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101565,94],{"class":49},[43,101567,98],{"class":97},[43,101569,11110],{"class":53},[43,101571,154],{"class":104},[43,101573,108],{"class":53},[43,101575,1525],{"class":104},[43,101577,108],{"class":53},[43,101579,1530],{"class":104},[43,101581,108],{"class":53},[43,101583,3064],{"class":104},[43,101585,108],{"class":53},[43,101587,5221],{"class":104},[43,101589,108],{"class":53},[43,101591,38271],{"class":104},[43,101593,9928],{"class":53},[43,101595,101596,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101597,101598],{"class":49},"group_a ",[43,101600,98],{"class":97},[43,101602,11110],{"class":53},[43,101604,201],{"class":104},[43,101606,108],{"class":53},[43,101608,3064],{"class":104},[43,101610,9928],{"class":53},[43,101612,101613,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101614,101615],{"class":49},"group_b ",[43,101617,98],{"class":97},[43,101619,11110],{"class":53},[43,101621,831],{"class":104},[43,101623,9928],{"class":53},[43,101625,101626,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101627,101628],{"class":49},"group_c ",[43,101630,98],{"class":97},[43,101632,11110],{"class":53},[43,101634,80981],{"class":104},[43,101636,108],{"class":53},[43,101638,6609],{"class":104},[43,101640,9928],{"class":53},[43,101642,101643],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101644,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101662,101664,101667,101669,101672],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101648,2836],{"class":49},[43,101650,98],{"class":97},[43,101652,2071],{"class":49},[43,101654,79],{"class":53},[43,101656,3419],{"class":148},[43,101658,145],{"class":53},[43,101660,101661],{"class":148},"group_a",[43,101663,108],{"class":53},[43,101665,101666],{"class":148}," group_b",[43,101668,108],{"class":53},[43,101670,101671],{"class":148}," group_c",[43,101673,346],{"class":53},[43,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,101677,142],{"class":141},[43,101679,145],{"class":53},[43,101681,2871],{"class":148},[43,101683,346],{"class":53},[14,101685,349],{},[34,101687,101689],{"className":36,"code":101688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101690,101691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101692,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101694,9897],{"class":53},[43,101696,154],{"class":104},[43,101698,108],{"class":53},[43,101700,1530],{"class":104},[43,101702,9928],{"class":53},[14,101704,101705],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45543,101707],{},[81,101709,101711,11205,101713],{"id":101710},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101712,100804],{},[18,101714,101715],{},"difference_update()",[14,101717,101718],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1499,101720,101721],{"id":3419},[18,101722,100804],{},[389,101724,101725,101728],{},[392,101726,101727],{},"Returns a new set",[392,101729,101730],{},"Does not change the original set",[34,101732,101734],{"className":36,"code":101733,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101735,101736,101760,101776,101780,101798,101802,101812],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101739,3161],{"class":49},[43,101741,98],{"class":97},[43,101743,11110],{"class":53},[43,101745,154],{"class":104},[43,101747,108],{"class":53},[43,101749,1525],{"class":104},[43,101751,108],{"class":53},[43,101753,1530],{"class":104},[43,101755,108],{"class":53},[43,101757,3064],{"class":104},[43,101759,9928],{"class":53},[43,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101763,3189],{"class":49},[43,101765,98],{"class":97},[43,101767,11110],{"class":53},[43,101769,181],{"class":104},[43,101771,108],{"class":53},[43,101773,3064],{"class":104},[43,101775,9928],{"class":53},[43,101777,101778],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101779,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101783,2836],{"class":49},[43,101785,98],{"class":97},[43,101787,57515],{"class":49},[43,101789,79],{"class":53},[43,101791,3419],{"class":148},[43,101793,145],{"class":53},[43,101795,279],{"class":148},[43,101797,346],{"class":53},[43,101799,101800],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101801,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101803,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101805,142],{"class":141},[43,101807,145],{"class":53},[43,101809,2871],{"class":148},[43,101811,346],{"class":53},[43,101813,101814,101816,101818,101820],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,101815,142],{"class":141},[43,101817,145],{"class":53},[43,101819,269],{"class":148},[43,101821,346],{"class":53},[14,101823,349],{},[34,101825,101827],{"className":36,"code":101826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101828,101829,101841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101830,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101832,9897],{"class":53},[43,101834,154],{"class":104},[43,101836,108],{"class":53},[43,101838,1525],{"class":104},[43,101840,9928],{"class":53},[43,101842,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101844,9897],{"class":53},[43,101846,154],{"class":104},[43,101848,108],{"class":53},[43,101850,1525],{"class":104},[43,101852,108],{"class":53},[43,101854,1530],{"class":104},[43,101856,108],{"class":53},[43,101858,3064],{"class":104},[43,101860,9928],{"class":53},[1499,101862,101864],{"id":101863},"difference_update",[18,101865,101715],{},[389,101867,101868,101871],{},[392,101869,101870],{},"Changes the original set",[392,101872,96708],{},[34,101874,101876],{"className":36,"code":101875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101877,101878,101902,101918,101922,101936,101940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101879,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101881,3161],{"class":49},[43,101883,98],{"class":97},[43,101885,11110],{"class":53},[43,101887,154],{"class":104},[43,101889,108],{"class":53},[43,101891,1525],{"class":104},[43,101893,108],{"class":53},[43,101895,1530],{"class":104},[43,101897,108],{"class":53},[43,101899,3064],{"class":104},[43,101901,9928],{"class":53},[43,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,101905,3189],{"class":49},[43,101907,98],{"class":97},[43,101909,11110],{"class":53},[43,101911,181],{"class":104},[43,101913,108],{"class":53},[43,101915,3064],{"class":104},[43,101917,9928],{"class":53},[43,101919,101920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,101921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101923,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,101925,269],{"class":49},[43,101927,79],{"class":53},[43,101929,101863],{"class":148},[43,101931,145],{"class":53},[43,101933,279],{"class":148},[43,101935,346],{"class":53},[43,101937,101938],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,101939,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,101943,142],{"class":141},[43,101945,145],{"class":53},[43,101947,269],{"class":148},[43,101949,346],{"class":53},[14,101951,349],{},[34,101953,101954],{"className":36,"code":100897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,101955,101956],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101957,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101959,9897],{"class":53},[43,101961,154],{"class":104},[43,101963,108],{"class":53},[43,101965,1525],{"class":104},[43,101967,9928],{"class":53},[14,101969,230,101970,101972],{},[18,101971,100804],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101974,101975,101976,34228],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101977,101715],{},[45543,101979],{},[81,101981,101983,101985,101986,101988],{"id":101982},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101984,100804],{}," vs the ",[18,101987,220],{}," operator",[14,101990,1242,101991,101993,101994,101996],{},[18,101992,220],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101995,100804],{}," for two sets.",[34,101998,102000],{"className":36,"code":101999,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,102001,102002,102026,102042,102046,102064],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102003,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102005,3161],{"class":49},[43,102007,98],{"class":97},[43,102009,11110],{"class":53},[43,102011,154],{"class":104},[43,102013,108],{"class":53},[43,102015,1525],{"class":104},[43,102017,108],{"class":53},[43,102019,1530],{"class":104},[43,102021,108],{"class":53},[43,102023,3064],{"class":104},[43,102025,9928],{"class":53},[43,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102029,3189],{"class":49},[43,102031,98],{"class":97},[43,102033,11110],{"class":53},[43,102035,181],{"class":104},[43,102037,108],{"class":53},[43,102039,3064],{"class":104},[43,102041,9928],{"class":53},[43,102043,102044],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102045,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102049,142],{"class":141},[43,102051,145],{"class":53},[43,102053,269],{"class":148},[43,102055,79],{"class":53},[43,102057,3419],{"class":148},[43,102059,145],{"class":53},[43,102061,279],{"class":148},[43,102063,2377],{"class":53},[43,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102067,142],{"class":141},[43,102069,145],{"class":53},[43,102071,3161],{"class":148},[43,102073,220],{"class":97},[43,102075,3166],{"class":148},[43,102077,346],{"class":53},[14,102079,349],{},[34,102081,102083],{"className":36,"code":102082,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102084,102085,102097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102086,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102088,9897],{"class":53},[43,102090,154],{"class":104},[43,102092,108],{"class":53},[43,102094,1525],{"class":104},[43,102096,9928],{"class":53},[43,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102100,9897],{"class":53},[43,102102,154],{"class":104},[43,102104,108],{"class":53},[43,102106,1525],{"class":104},[43,102108,9928],{"class":53},[14,102110,102111],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,102113,94978,102114,2490],{},[18,102115,100804],{},[389,102117,102118,102121,102124],{},[392,102119,102120],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[392,102122,102123],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[392,102125,102126],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,102128,102129],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[34,102131,102133],{"className":36,"code":102132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,102134,102135,102163,102175,102187,102191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102136,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102138,3161],{"class":49},[43,102140,98],{"class":97},[43,102142,11110],{"class":53},[43,102144,154],{"class":104},[43,102146,108],{"class":53},[43,102148,1525],{"class":104},[43,102150,108],{"class":53},[43,102152,1530],{"class":104},[43,102154,108],{"class":53},[43,102156,3064],{"class":104},[43,102158,108],{"class":53},[43,102160,5221],{"class":104},[43,102162,9928],{"class":53},[43,102164,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102166,3189],{"class":49},[43,102168,98],{"class":97},[43,102170,11110],{"class":53},[43,102172,201],{"class":104},[43,102174,9928],{"class":53},[43,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102178,83573],{"class":49},[43,102180,98],{"class":97},[43,102182,11110],{"class":53},[43,102184,159],{"class":104},[43,102186,9928],{"class":53},[43,102188,102189],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102190,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102192,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102194,142],{"class":141},[43,102196,145],{"class":53},[43,102198,269],{"class":148},[43,102200,79],{"class":53},[43,102202,3419],{"class":148},[43,102204,145],{"class":53},[43,102206,279],{"class":148},[43,102208,108],{"class":53},[43,102210,10301],{"class":148},[43,102212,2377],{"class":53},[14,102214,349],{},[34,102216,102218],{"className":36,"code":102217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,102219,102220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102221,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102223,9897],{"class":53},[43,102225,154],{"class":104},[43,102227,108],{"class":53},[43,102229,1530],{"class":104},[43,102231,108],{"class":53},[43,102233,5221],{"class":104},[43,102235,9928],{"class":53},[14,102237,102238,102239,102241],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,102240,220],{}," operator expression.",[45543,102243],{},[81,102245,5134],{"id":5133},[14,102247,21833,102248,79],{},[18,102249,100804],{},[1499,102251,102253],{"id":102252},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,102255,5244,102256,102258,102259,59],{},[76,102257,1957],{}," change ",[18,102260,269],{},[34,102262,102264],{"className":36,"code":102263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102265,102266,102286,102298,102302,102316],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102269,3161],{"class":49},[43,102271,98],{"class":97},[43,102273,11110],{"class":53},[43,102275,154],{"class":104},[43,102277,108],{"class":53},[43,102279,1525],{"class":104},[43,102281,108],{"class":53},[43,102283,1530],{"class":104},[43,102285,9928],{"class":53},[43,102287,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102289,3189],{"class":49},[43,102291,98],{"class":97},[43,102293,11110],{"class":53},[43,102295,181],{"class":104},[43,102297,9928],{"class":53},[43,102299,102300],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102301,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102303,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102305,269],{"class":49},[43,102307,79],{"class":53},[43,102309,3419],{"class":148},[43,102311,145],{"class":53},[43,102313,279],{"class":148},[43,102315,346],{"class":53},[43,102317,102318,102320,102322,102324],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102319,142],{"class":141},[43,102321,145],{"class":53},[43,102323,269],{"class":148},[43,102325,346],{"class":53},[14,102327,349],{},[34,102329,102330],{"className":36,"code":96997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102331,102332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102335,9897],{"class":53},[43,102337,154],{"class":104},[43,102339,108],{"class":53},[43,102341,1525],{"class":104},[43,102343,108],{"class":53},[43,102345,1530],{"class":104},[43,102347,9928],{"class":53},[14,102349,102350],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[34,102352,102354],{"className":36,"code":102353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102355,102356,102376,102388,102392,102410],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102359,3161],{"class":49},[43,102361,98],{"class":97},[43,102363,11110],{"class":53},[43,102365,154],{"class":104},[43,102367,108],{"class":53},[43,102369,1525],{"class":104},[43,102371,108],{"class":53},[43,102373,1530],{"class":104},[43,102375,9928],{"class":53},[43,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102379,3189],{"class":49},[43,102381,98],{"class":97},[43,102383,11110],{"class":53},[43,102385,181],{"class":104},[43,102387,9928],{"class":53},[43,102389,102390],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102391,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102395,3161],{"class":49},[43,102397,98],{"class":97},[43,102399,57515],{"class":49},[43,102401,79],{"class":53},[43,102403,3419],{"class":148},[43,102405,145],{"class":53},[43,102407,279],{"class":148},[43,102409,346],{"class":53},[43,102411,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102413,142],{"class":141},[43,102415,145],{"class":53},[43,102417,269],{"class":148},[43,102419,346],{"class":53},[14,102421,349],{},[34,102423,102424],{"className":36,"code":100897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102425,102426],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102427,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102429,9897],{"class":53},[43,102431,154],{"class":104},[43,102433,108],{"class":53},[43,102435,1525],{"class":104},[43,102437,9928],{"class":53},[1499,102439,102441],{"id":102440},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102443,102444,102447],{},[18,102445,102446],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[389,102449,102450,102455],{},[392,102451,102452,102453],{},"keep items from ",[18,102454,269],{},[392,102456,102457,102458],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102459,279],{},[14,102461,1954,102462,102464,102465,102467],{},[76,102463,1957],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102466,279],{},"”.",[14,102469,494],{},[34,102471,102473],{"className":36,"code":102472,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102474,102475,102495,102515,102519,102537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102476,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102478,3161],{"class":49},[43,102480,98],{"class":97},[43,102482,11110],{"class":53},[43,102484,154],{"class":104},[43,102486,108],{"class":53},[43,102488,1525],{"class":104},[43,102490,108],{"class":53},[43,102492,1530],{"class":104},[43,102494,9928],{"class":53},[43,102496,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102498,3189],{"class":49},[43,102500,98],{"class":97},[43,102502,11110],{"class":53},[43,102504,181],{"class":104},[43,102506,108],{"class":53},[43,102508,3064],{"class":104},[43,102510,108],{"class":53},[43,102512,5221],{"class":104},[43,102514,9928],{"class":53},[43,102516,102517],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102518,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102520,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102522,142],{"class":141},[43,102524,145],{"class":53},[43,102526,269],{"class":148},[43,102528,79],{"class":53},[43,102530,3419],{"class":148},[43,102532,145],{"class":53},[43,102534,279],{"class":148},[43,102536,2377],{"class":53},[43,102538,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102540,142],{"class":141},[43,102542,145],{"class":53},[43,102544,279],{"class":148},[43,102546,79],{"class":53},[43,102548,3419],{"class":148},[43,102550,145],{"class":53},[43,102552,269],{"class":148},[43,102554,2377],{"class":53},[14,102556,349],{},[34,102558,102560],{"className":36,"code":102559,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102561,102562,102574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102563,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102565,9897],{"class":53},[43,102567,154],{"class":104},[43,102569,108],{"class":53},[43,102571,1525],{"class":104},[43,102573,9928],{"class":53},[43,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102577,9897],{"class":53},[43,102579,159],{"class":104},[43,102581,108],{"class":53},[43,102583,5221],{"class":104},[43,102585,9928],{"class":53},[14,102587,102588],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1499,102590,102592],{"id":102591},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102594,102595,102597],{},[18,102596,100804],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102599,55947],{},[34,102601,102603],{"className":36,"code":102602,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102604,102605,102625,102641,102645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102606,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102608,3161],{"class":49},[43,102610,98],{"class":97},[43,102612,101],{"class":53},[43,102614,154],{"class":104},[43,102616,108],{"class":53},[43,102618,1525],{"class":104},[43,102620,108],{"class":53},[43,102622,1530],{"class":104},[43,102624,68],{"class":53},[43,102626,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102628,3189],{"class":49},[43,102630,98],{"class":97},[43,102632,101],{"class":53},[43,102634,181],{"class":104},[43,102636,108],{"class":53},[43,102638,3064],{"class":104},[43,102640,68],{"class":53},[43,102642,102643],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102644,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102646,102647],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102648,102649],{"class":165},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102651,102652],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[34,102654,102656],{"className":36,"code":102655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102657,102658,102678,102694,102698,102724],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102659,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102661,3161],{"class":49},[43,102663,98],{"class":97},[43,102665,101],{"class":53},[43,102667,154],{"class":104},[43,102669,108],{"class":53},[43,102671,1525],{"class":104},[43,102673,108],{"class":53},[43,102675,1530],{"class":104},[43,102677,68],{"class":53},[43,102679,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102681,3189],{"class":49},[43,102683,98],{"class":97},[43,102685,101],{"class":53},[43,102687,181],{"class":104},[43,102689,108],{"class":53},[43,102691,3064],{"class":104},[43,102693,68],{"class":53},[43,102695,102696],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102697,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102699,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102701,2836],{"class":49},[43,102703,98],{"class":97},[43,102705,16256],{"class":3510},[43,102707,145],{"class":53},[43,102709,269],{"class":148},[43,102711,9250],{"class":53},[43,102713,3419],{"class":148},[43,102715,145],{"class":53},[43,102717,6902],{"class":3510},[43,102719,145],{"class":53},[43,102721,279],{"class":148},[43,102723,2377],{"class":53},[43,102725,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102727,142],{"class":141},[43,102729,145],{"class":53},[43,102731,2871],{"class":148},[43,102733,346],{"class":53},[14,102735,349],{},[34,102737,102738],{"className":36,"code":100897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102739,102740],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102741,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102743,9897],{"class":53},[43,102745,154],{"class":104},[43,102747,108],{"class":53},[43,102749,1525],{"class":104},[43,102751,9928],{"class":53},[1499,102753,102755],{"id":102754},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102757,102758],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[34,102760,102762],{"className":36,"code":102761,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102763,102764,102796,102812,102816],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102765,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102767,3161],{"class":49},[43,102769,98],{"class":97},[43,102771,11110],{"class":53},[43,102773,265],{"class":264},[43,102775,37675],{"class":268},[43,102777,265],{"class":264},[43,102779,108],{"class":53},[43,102781,276],{"class":264},[43,102783,58753],{"class":268},[43,102785,265],{"class":264},[43,102787,108],{"class":53},[43,102789,276],{"class":264},[43,102791,58770],{"class":268},[43,102793,265],{"class":264},[43,102795,9928],{"class":53},[43,102797,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102799,3189],{"class":49},[43,102801,98],{"class":97},[43,102803,11110],{"class":53},[43,102805,265],{"class":264},[43,102807,58753],{"class":268},[43,102809,265],{"class":264},[43,102811,9928],{"class":53},[43,102813,102814],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102815,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102817,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102819,142],{"class":141},[43,102821,145],{"class":53},[43,102823,269],{"class":148},[43,102825,79],{"class":53},[43,102827,3419],{"class":148},[43,102829,145],{"class":53},[43,102831,279],{"class":148},[43,102833,2377],{"class":53},[14,102835,102836],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1499,102838,102840],{"id":102839},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102842,102843],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[34,102845,102847],{"className":36,"code":102846,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102848,102849,102877,102889,102893,102903],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102850,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102852,3161],{"class":49},[43,102854,98],{"class":97},[43,102856,11110],{"class":53},[43,102858,154],{"class":104},[43,102860,108],{"class":53},[43,102862,6113],{"class":104},[43,102864,108],{"class":53},[43,102866,1525],{"class":104},[43,102868,108],{"class":53},[43,102870,1525],{"class":104},[43,102872,108],{"class":53},[43,102874,1530],{"class":104},[43,102876,9928],{"class":53},[43,102878,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102880,3189],{"class":49},[43,102882,98],{"class":97},[43,102884,11110],{"class":53},[43,102886,181],{"class":104},[43,102888,9928],{"class":53},[43,102890,102891],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,102892,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,102894,102895,102897,102899,102901],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,102896,142],{"class":141},[43,102898,145],{"class":53},[43,102900,269],{"class":148},[43,102902,346],{"class":53},[43,102904,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,102906,142],{"class":141},[43,102908,145],{"class":53},[43,102910,269],{"class":148},[43,102912,79],{"class":53},[43,102914,3419],{"class":148},[43,102916,145],{"class":53},[43,102918,279],{"class":148},[43,102920,2377],{"class":53},[14,102922,349],{},[34,102924,102926],{"className":36,"code":102925,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102927,102928,102944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102929,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102931,9897],{"class":53},[43,102933,154],{"class":104},[43,102935,108],{"class":53},[43,102937,1525],{"class":104},[43,102939,108],{"class":53},[43,102941,1530],{"class":104},[43,102943,9928],{"class":53},[43,102945,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,102947,9897],{"class":53},[43,102949,154],{"class":104},[43,102951,108],{"class":53},[43,102953,1525],{"class":104},[43,102955,9928],{"class":53},[14,102957,102958,102959,102961],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102960,100804],{}," runs.",[1499,102963,102965],{"id":102964},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102967,102968],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[34,102970,102972],{"className":36,"code":102971,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102973,102974,102998,103018,103022,103032,103042,103060,103082],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102975,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102977,3161],{"class":49},[43,102979,98],{"class":97},[43,102981,11110],{"class":53},[43,102983,154],{"class":104},[43,102985,108],{"class":53},[43,102987,1525],{"class":104},[43,102989,108],{"class":53},[43,102991,1530],{"class":104},[43,102993,108],{"class":53},[43,102995,3064],{"class":104},[43,102997,9928],{"class":53},[43,102999,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103001,3189],{"class":49},[43,103003,98],{"class":97},[43,103005,11110],{"class":53},[43,103007,181],{"class":104},[43,103009,108],{"class":53},[43,103011,3064],{"class":104},[43,103013,108],{"class":53},[43,103015,5221],{"class":104},[43,103017,9928],{"class":53},[43,103019,103020],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103021,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103023,103024,103026,103028,103030],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,103025,142],{"class":141},[43,103027,145],{"class":53},[43,103029,269],{"class":148},[43,103031,346],{"class":53},[43,103033,103034,103036,103038,103040],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,103035,142],{"class":141},[43,103037,145],{"class":53},[43,103039,279],{"class":148},[43,103041,346],{"class":53},[43,103043,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,103045,142],{"class":141},[43,103047,145],{"class":53},[43,103049,269],{"class":148},[43,103051,79],{"class":53},[43,103053,3419],{"class":148},[43,103055,145],{"class":53},[43,103057,279],{"class":148},[43,103059,2377],{"class":53},[43,103061,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,103063,142],{"class":141},[43,103065,145],{"class":53},[43,103067,3832],{"class":3510},[43,103069,145],{"class":53},[43,103071,269],{"class":148},[43,103073,79],{"class":53},[43,103075,3419],{"class":148},[43,103077,145],{"class":53},[43,103079,279],{"class":148},[43,103081,3521],{"class":53},[43,103083,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,103085,142],{"class":141},[43,103087,145],{"class":53},[43,103089,2370],{"class":141},[43,103091,145],{"class":53},[43,103093,269],{"class":148},[43,103095,79],{"class":53},[43,103097,3419],{"class":148},[43,103099,145],{"class":53},[43,103101,279],{"class":148},[43,103103,3521],{"class":53},[14,103105,11791],{},[389,103107,103108,103111,103114,103117],{},[392,103109,103110],{},"what is in each set",[392,103112,103113],{},"what result Python creates",[392,103115,103116],{},"that the result is a set",[392,103118,103119],{},"how many items remain",[45543,103121],{},[81,103123,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,103125,13328,103127,103129],{"id":103126},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,103128,100804],{}," change the original set?",[14,103131,103132],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1499,103134,5794,103136,1233,103138,2490],{"id":103135},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,103137,100804],{},[18,103139,101715],{},[14,103141,103142,103144,103145,103147],{},[18,103143,100804],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,103146,101715],{}," modifies the original set.",[1499,103149,28953,103151,103153],{"id":103150},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,103152,100804],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,103155,103156],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1499,103158,103160],{"id":103159},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,103162,103163],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45543,103165],{},[81,103167,2497],{"id":2496},[389,103169,103170,103174,103182],{},[392,103171,103172],{},[269,103173,96718],{"href":97889},[392,103175,103176],{},[269,103177,97204,103179,11361],{"href":103178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,103180,103181],{},"intersection()",[392,103183,103184],{},[269,103185,97204,103187,11361],{"href":103186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,103188,103189],{},"union()",[2536,103191,103192],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":103194},[103195,103196,103198,103199,103200,103201,103203,103208,103210,103218,103227],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":100926,"depth":131,"text":103197},"What difference() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":101545,"depth":131,"text":103202},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101710,"depth":131,"text":103204,"children":103205},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103206,103207],{"id":3419,"depth":138,"text":100804},{"id":101863,"depth":138,"text":101715},{"id":101982,"depth":131,"text":103209},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":103211},[103212,103213,103214,103215,103216,103217],{"id":102252,"depth":138,"text":102253},{"id":102440,"depth":138,"text":102441},{"id":102591,"depth":138,"text":102592},{"id":102754,"depth":138,"text":102755},{"id":102839,"depth":138,"text":102840},{"id":102964,"depth":138,"text":102965},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":103219},[103220,103222,103224,103226],{"id":103126,"depth":138,"text":103221},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103135,"depth":138,"text":103223},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103150,"depth":138,"text":103225},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103159,"depth":138,"text":103160},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100796,"description":103228},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103235,"title":103236,"body":103237,"description":104932,"extension":2572,"meta":104933,"navigation":134,"path":104934,"seo":104935,"stem":104936,"__hash__":104937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103238,"toc":104894},[103239,103245,103251,103264,103266,103367,103369,103414,103419,103424,103428,103442,103445,103453,103455,103474,103492,103496,103549,103551,103572,103579,103584,103611,103618,103717,103719,103756,103764,103768,103774,103777,103850,103852,103860,103865,103934,103936,103961,103963,103966,104069,104071,104132,104135,104139,104145,104218,104220,104253,104256,104259,104299,104305,104328,104333,104337,104348,104351,104353,104357,104363,104365,104422,104432,104434,104487,104494,104499,104567,104575,104581,104585,104587,104626,104631,104680,104684,104687,104689,104728,104731,104733,104738,104795,104797,104811,104813,104817,104823,104828,104833,104840,104851,104857,104862,104864,104891],[10,103240,96590,103242,11943],{"id":103241},"python-set-discard-method",[18,103243,103244],{},"discard()",[14,103246,103247,103250],{},[18,103248,103249],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,103252,103253,103254,21,103259,14678,103261,103263],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[269,103255,103256],{"href":98599},[18,103257,103258],{},"set.remove()",[18,103260,103244],{},[76,103262,1957],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[81,103265,84],{"id":83},[34,103267,103269],{"className":36,"code":103268,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103270,103271,103303,103322,103332,103336,103357],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103272,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103274,13700],{"class":49},[43,103276,98],{"class":97},[43,103278,11110],{"class":53},[43,103280,265],{"class":264},[43,103282,13717],{"class":268},[43,103284,265],{"class":264},[43,103286,108],{"class":53},[43,103288,276],{"class":264},[43,103290,13734],{"class":268},[43,103292,265],{"class":264},[43,103294,108],{"class":53},[43,103296,276],{"class":264},[43,103298,18077],{"class":268},[43,103300,265],{"class":264},[43,103302,9928],{"class":53},[43,103304,103305,103307,103309,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103306,18124],{"class":49},[43,103308,79],{"class":53},[43,103310,103311],{"class":148},"discard",[43,103313,145],{"class":53},[43,103315,265],{"class":264},[43,103317,13734],{"class":268},[43,103319,265],{"class":264},[43,103321,346],{"class":53},[43,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103325,142],{"class":141},[43,103327,145],{"class":53},[43,103329,18124],{"class":148},[43,103331,346],{"class":53},[43,103333,103334],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,103335,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103337,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,103339,18124],{"class":49},[43,103341,79],{"class":53},[43,103343,103311],{"class":148},[43,103345,145],{"class":53},[43,103347,265],{"class":264},[43,103349,23146],{"class":268},[43,103351,265],{"class":264},[43,103353,4272],{"class":53},[43,103355,103356],{"class":165},"  # no error if missing\n",[43,103358,103359,103361,103363,103365],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,103360,142],{"class":141},[43,103362,145],{"class":53},[43,103364,18124],{"class":148},[43,103366,346],{"class":53},[14,103368,30655],{},[34,103370,103372],{"className":36,"code":103371,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103373,103374,103394],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103375,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103377,9897],{"class":53},[43,103379,361],{"class":264},[43,103381,13717],{"class":268},[43,103383,361],{"class":264},[43,103385,108],{"class":53},[43,103387,370],{"class":264},[43,103389,18077],{"class":268},[43,103391,361],{"class":264},[43,103393,9928],{"class":53},[43,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103397,9897],{"class":53},[43,103399,361],{"class":264},[43,103401,13717],{"class":268},[43,103403,361],{"class":264},[43,103405,108],{"class":53},[43,103407,370],{"class":264},[43,103409,18077],{"class":268},[43,103411,361],{"class":264},[43,103413,9928],{"class":53},[14,103415,230,103416,103418],{},[18,103417,103244],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[81,103420,4289,103422,4292],{"id":103421},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,103423,103249],{},[14,103425,103426,59],{},[18,103427,103244],{},[389,103429,103430,103433,103436,103438],{},[392,103431,103432],{},"Removes one item from a set",[392,103434,103435],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[392,103437,96705],{},[392,103439,12045,103440],{},[18,103441,4391],{},[14,103443,103444],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103446,96714,103447,3486,103450,79],{},[269,103448,103449],{"href":99181},"what a set is in Python",[269,103451,103452],{"href":98273},"how to create a set",[81,103454,2763],{"id":2762},[34,103456,103458],{"className":36,"code":103457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103459,103460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103461,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103463,16289],{"class":49},[43,103465,79],{"class":53},[43,103467,103311],{"class":148},[43,103469,145],{"class":53},[43,103471,3080],{"class":148},[43,103473,346],{"class":53},[389,103475,103476,103481,103486,103489],{},[392,103477,103478,103480],{},[18,103479,16289],{}," is the set you want to change",[392,103482,103483,103485],{},[18,103484,3080],{}," is the item you want to remove",[392,103487,103488],{},"The set must already exist",[392,103490,103491],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1499,103493,103495],{"id":103494},"example","Example",[34,103497,103499],{"className":36,"code":103498,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103500,103501,103525,103539],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103502,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103504,94],{"class":49},[43,103506,98],{"class":97},[43,103508,11110],{"class":53},[43,103510,154],{"class":104},[43,103512,108],{"class":53},[43,103514,1525],{"class":104},[43,103516,108],{"class":53},[43,103518,1530],{"class":104},[43,103520,108],{"class":53},[43,103522,3064],{"class":104},[43,103524,9928],{"class":53},[43,103526,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103528,149],{"class":49},[43,103530,79],{"class":53},[43,103532,103311],{"class":148},[43,103534,145],{"class":53},[43,103536,181],{"class":104},[43,103538,346],{"class":53},[43,103540,103541,103543,103545,103547],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103542,142],{"class":141},[43,103544,145],{"class":53},[43,103546,149],{"class":148},[43,103548,346],{"class":53},[14,103550,349],{},[34,103552,103554],{"className":36,"code":103553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103555,103556],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103557,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103559,9897],{"class":53},[43,103561,154],{"class":104},[43,103563,108],{"class":53},[43,103565,1525],{"class":104},[43,103567,108],{"class":53},[43,103569,3064],{"class":104},[43,103571,9928],{"class":53},[81,103573,103575,103576,103578],{"id":103574},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103577,103244],{}," different",[14,103580,103581,103583],{},[18,103582,103244],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[389,103585,103586,103599,103608],{},[392,103587,103588,103589,21,103593,103595,103596,103598],{},"Unlike ",[269,103590,103591],{"href":98599},[18,103592,56157],{},[18,103594,103244],{}," does not raise ",[18,103597,20309],{}," when the item is missing",[392,103600,103588,103601,21,103605,103607],{},[269,103602,103603],{"href":98604},[18,103604,13387],{},[18,103606,103244],{}," removes a specific item",[392,103609,103610],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1499,103612,103614,11205,103616],{"id":103613},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103615,103244],{},[18,103617,56157],{},[34,103619,103621],{"className":36,"code":103620,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103622,103623,103647,103651,103672,103682,103686,103707],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103624,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103626,8398],{"class":49},[43,103628,98],{"class":97},[43,103630,11110],{"class":53},[43,103632,265],{"class":264},[43,103634,4694],{"class":268},[43,103636,265],{"class":264},[43,103638,108],{"class":53},[43,103640,276],{"class":264},[43,103642,4703],{"class":268},[43,103644,265],{"class":264},[43,103646,9928],{"class":53},[43,103648,103649],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103650,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103654,8427],{"class":49},[43,103656,79],{"class":53},[43,103658,103311],{"class":148},[43,103660,145],{"class":53},[43,103662,265],{"class":264},[43,103664,33848],{"class":268},[43,103666,265],{"class":264},[43,103668,4272],{"class":53},[43,103670,103671],{"class":165},"   # no error\n",[43,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,103675,142],{"class":141},[43,103677,145],{"class":53},[43,103679,8427],{"class":148},[43,103681,346],{"class":53},[43,103683,103684],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,103685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103687,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,103689,8427],{"class":49},[43,103691,79],{"class":53},[43,103693,35423],{"class":148},[43,103695,145],{"class":53},[43,103697,265],{"class":264},[43,103699,4703],{"class":268},[43,103701,265],{"class":264},[43,103703,4272],{"class":53},[43,103705,103706],{"class":165},"    # removes existing item\n",[43,103708,103709,103711,103713,103715],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,103710,142],{"class":141},[43,103712,145],{"class":53},[43,103714,8427],{"class":148},[43,103716,346],{"class":53},[14,103718,349],{},[34,103720,103722],{"className":36,"code":103721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103723,103724,103744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103725,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103727,9897],{"class":53},[43,103729,361],{"class":264},[43,103731,4694],{"class":268},[43,103733,361],{"class":264},[43,103735,108],{"class":53},[43,103737,370],{"class":264},[43,103739,4703],{"class":268},[43,103741,361],{"class":264},[43,103743,9928],{"class":53},[43,103745,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103747,9897],{"class":53},[43,103749,361],{"class":264},[43,103751,4694],{"class":268},[43,103753,361],{"class":264},[43,103755,9928],{"class":53},[14,103757,40970,103758,103760,103761,103763],{},[18,103759,56157],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[269,103762,11696],{"href":11695}," for more help with that case.",[81,103765,103767],{"id":103766},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103769,103770,3004,103772,79],{},[18,103771,103244],{},[18,103773,4391],{},[14,103775,103776],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[34,103778,103780],{"className":36,"code":103779,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103781,103782,103814,103836,103840],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103783,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103785,13700],{"class":49},[43,103787,98],{"class":97},[43,103789,11110],{"class":53},[43,103791,265],{"class":264},[43,103793,13717],{"class":268},[43,103795,265],{"class":264},[43,103797,108],{"class":53},[43,103799,276],{"class":264},[43,103801,13734],{"class":268},[43,103803,265],{"class":264},[43,103805,108],{"class":53},[43,103807,276],{"class":264},[43,103809,18077],{"class":268},[43,103811,265],{"class":264},[43,103813,9928],{"class":53},[43,103815,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103817,2836],{"class":49},[43,103819,98],{"class":97},[43,103821,13748],{"class":49},[43,103823,79],{"class":53},[43,103825,103311],{"class":148},[43,103827,145],{"class":53},[43,103829,265],{"class":264},[43,103831,13734],{"class":268},[43,103833,265],{"class":264},[43,103835,346],{"class":53},[43,103837,103838],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103839,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103841,103842,103844,103846,103848],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,103843,142],{"class":141},[43,103845,145],{"class":53},[43,103847,2871],{"class":148},[43,103849,346],{"class":53},[14,103851,349],{},[34,103853,103854],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,103855,103856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103857,103858],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103859,12431],{"class":4466},[14,103861,103862,103863,59],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103864,18124],{},[34,103866,103868],{"className":36,"code":103867,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103869,103870,103902,103920,103924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103871,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103873,13700],{"class":49},[43,103875,98],{"class":97},[43,103877,11110],{"class":53},[43,103879,265],{"class":264},[43,103881,13717],{"class":268},[43,103883,265],{"class":264},[43,103885,108],{"class":53},[43,103887,276],{"class":264},[43,103889,13734],{"class":268},[43,103891,265],{"class":264},[43,103893,108],{"class":53},[43,103895,276],{"class":264},[43,103897,18077],{"class":268},[43,103899,265],{"class":264},[43,103901,9928],{"class":53},[43,103903,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,103905,18124],{"class":49},[43,103907,79],{"class":53},[43,103909,103311],{"class":148},[43,103911,145],{"class":53},[43,103913,265],{"class":264},[43,103915,13734],{"class":268},[43,103917,265],{"class":264},[43,103919,346],{"class":53},[43,103921,103922],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,103923,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,103925,103926,103928,103930,103932],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,103927,142],{"class":141},[43,103929,145],{"class":53},[43,103931,18124],{"class":148},[43,103933,346],{"class":53},[14,103935,349],{},[34,103937,103939],{"className":36,"code":103938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103940,103941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103942,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103944,9897],{"class":53},[43,103946,361],{"class":264},[43,103948,13717],{"class":268},[43,103950,361],{"class":264},[43,103952,108],{"class":53},[43,103954,370],{"class":264},[43,103956,18077],{"class":268},[43,103958,361],{"class":264},[43,103960,9928],{"class":53},[81,103962,12097],{"id":12096},[14,103964,103965],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[34,103967,103969],{"className":36,"code":103968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103970,103971,104003,104007,104025,104029,104047,104051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103972,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103974,36867],{"class":49},[43,103976,98],{"class":97},[43,103978,11110],{"class":53},[43,103980,265],{"class":264},[43,103982,4694],{"class":268},[43,103984,265],{"class":264},[43,103986,108],{"class":53},[43,103988,276],{"class":264},[43,103990,4703],{"class":268},[43,103992,265],{"class":264},[43,103994,108],{"class":53},[43,103996,276],{"class":264},[43,103998,33848],{"class":268},[43,104000,265],{"class":264},[43,104002,9928],{"class":53},[43,104004,104005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104006,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104008,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104010,142],{"class":141},[43,104012,145],{"class":53},[43,104014,265],{"class":264},[43,104016,12186],{"class":268},[43,104018,265],{"class":264},[43,104020,108],{"class":53},[43,104022,53479],{"class":148},[43,104024,346],{"class":53},[43,104026,104027],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,104028,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104030,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,104032,36919],{"class":49},[43,104034,79],{"class":53},[43,104036,103311],{"class":148},[43,104038,145],{"class":53},[43,104040,265],{"class":264},[43,104042,4703],{"class":268},[43,104044,265],{"class":264},[43,104046,346],{"class":53},[43,104048,104049],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,104050,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104052,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,104054,142],{"class":141},[43,104056,145],{"class":53},[43,104058,265],{"class":264},[43,104060,12226],{"class":268},[43,104062,265],{"class":264},[43,104064,108],{"class":53},[43,104066,53479],{"class":148},[43,104068,346],{"class":53},[14,104070,349],{},[34,104072,104074],{"className":36,"code":104073,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,104075,104076,104108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104077,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104079,12246],{"class":49},[43,104081,59],{"class":53},[43,104083,11110],{"class":53},[43,104085,361],{"class":264},[43,104087,4703],{"class":268},[43,104089,361],{"class":264},[43,104091,108],{"class":53},[43,104093,370],{"class":264},[43,104095,4694],{"class":268},[43,104097,361],{"class":264},[43,104099,108],{"class":53},[43,104101,370],{"class":264},[43,104103,33848],{"class":268},[43,104105,361],{"class":264},[43,104107,9928],{"class":53},[43,104109,104110,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104111,12299],{"class":49},[43,104113,59],{"class":53},[43,104115,11110],{"class":53},[43,104117,361],{"class":264},[43,104119,4694],{"class":268},[43,104121,361],{"class":264},[43,104123,108],{"class":53},[43,104125,370],{"class":264},[43,104127,33848],{"class":268},[43,104129,361],{"class":264},[43,104131,9928],{"class":53},[14,104133,104134],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[81,104136,104138],{"id":104137},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,104140,104141,104142,104144],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,104143,103244],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[34,104146,104148],{"className":36,"code":104147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,104149,104150,104182,104186,104204,104208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104151,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104153,36867],{"class":49},[43,104155,98],{"class":97},[43,104157,11110],{"class":53},[43,104159,265],{"class":264},[43,104161,4694],{"class":268},[43,104163,265],{"class":264},[43,104165,108],{"class":53},[43,104167,276],{"class":264},[43,104169,4703],{"class":268},[43,104171,265],{"class":264},[43,104173,108],{"class":53},[43,104175,276],{"class":264},[43,104177,33848],{"class":268},[43,104179,265],{"class":264},[43,104181,9928],{"class":53},[43,104183,104184],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104185,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104187,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104189,36919],{"class":49},[43,104191,79],{"class":53},[43,104193,103311],{"class":148},[43,104195,145],{"class":53},[43,104197,265],{"class":264},[43,104199,23155],{"class":268},[43,104201,265],{"class":264},[43,104203,346],{"class":53},[43,104205,104206],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,104207,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104209,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,104211,142],{"class":141},[43,104213,145],{"class":53},[43,104215,36919],{"class":148},[43,104217,346],{"class":53},[14,104219,349],{},[34,104221,104223],{"className":36,"code":104222,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,104224,104225],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104228,9897],{"class":53},[43,104230,361],{"class":264},[43,104232,4703],{"class":268},[43,104234,361],{"class":264},[43,104236,108],{"class":53},[43,104238,370],{"class":264},[43,104240,4694],{"class":268},[43,104242,361],{"class":264},[43,104244,108],{"class":53},[43,104246,370],{"class":264},[43,104248,33848],{"class":268},[43,104250,361],{"class":264},[43,104252,9928],{"class":53},[14,104254,104255],{},"No error happens here.",[14,104257,104258],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[34,104260,104262],{"className":36,"code":104261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,104263,104264,104280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104267,7614],{"class":4491},[43,104269,276],{"class":264},[43,104271,23155],{"class":268},[43,104273,265],{"class":264},[43,104275,21795],{"class":97},[43,104277,53479],{"class":49},[43,104279,7009],{"class":53},[43,104281,104282,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104283,104284],{"class":49},"    fruits",[43,104286,79],{"class":53},[43,104288,35423],{"class":148},[43,104290,145],{"class":53},[43,104292,265],{"class":264},[43,104294,23155],{"class":268},[43,104296,265],{"class":264},[43,104298,346],{"class":53},[14,104300,104301,104302,104304],{},"With ",[18,104303,103244],{},", you can simply write:",[34,104306,104308],{"className":36,"code":104307,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,104309,104310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104311,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104313,36919],{"class":49},[43,104315,79],{"class":53},[43,104317,103311],{"class":148},[43,104319,145],{"class":53},[43,104321,265],{"class":264},[43,104323,23155],{"class":268},[43,104325,265],{"class":264},[43,104327,346],{"class":53},[81,104329,5576,104331],{"id":104330},"when-to-use-discard",[18,104332,103244],{},[14,104334,230,104335,11221],{},[18,104336,103244],{},[389,104338,104339,104342,104345],{},[392,104340,104341],{},"Missing values are normal",[392,104343,104344],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[392,104346,104347],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104349,104350],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[81,104352,3438],{"id":3437},[14,104354,9065,104355,79],{},[18,104356,103244],{},[1499,104358,9071,104360,104362],{"id":104359},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,104361,103244],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104364,5141],{},[34,104366,104368],{"className":36,"code":104367,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104369,104370,104390,104408,104412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104373,94],{"class":49},[43,104375,98],{"class":97},[43,104377,11110],{"class":53},[43,104379,154],{"class":104},[43,104381,108],{"class":53},[43,104383,1525],{"class":104},[43,104385,108],{"class":53},[43,104387,1530],{"class":104},[43,104389,9928],{"class":53},[43,104391,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104393,94],{"class":49},[43,104395,98],{"class":97},[43,104397,2071],{"class":49},[43,104399,79],{"class":53},[43,104401,103311],{"class":148},[43,104403,145],{"class":53},[43,104405,201],{"class":104},[43,104407,346],{"class":53},[43,104409,104410],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104411,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104413,104414,104416,104418,104420],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,104415,142],{"class":141},[43,104417,145],{"class":53},[43,104419,149],{"class":148},[43,104421,346],{"class":53},[14,104423,104424,42781,104426,9220,104428,3004,104430,79],{},[18,104425,149],{},[18,104427,4391],{},[18,104429,103244],{},[18,104431,4391],{},[14,104433,19462],{},[34,104435,104437],{"className":36,"code":104436,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104438,104439,104459,104473,104477],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104440,104441,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104442,94],{"class":49},[43,104444,98],{"class":97},[43,104446,11110],{"class":53},[43,104448,154],{"class":104},[43,104450,108],{"class":53},[43,104452,1525],{"class":104},[43,104454,108],{"class":53},[43,104456,1530],{"class":104},[43,104458,9928],{"class":53},[43,104460,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104462,149],{"class":49},[43,104464,79],{"class":53},[43,104466,103311],{"class":148},[43,104468,145],{"class":53},[43,104470,201],{"class":104},[43,104472,346],{"class":53},[43,104474,104475],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104476,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,104478,104479,104481,104483,104485],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,104480,142],{"class":141},[43,104482,145],{"class":53},[43,104484,149],{"class":148},[43,104486,346],{"class":53},[1499,104488,1860,104490,1863,104492],{"id":104489},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104491,103244],{},[18,104493,56157],{},[14,104495,104496,104497,79],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104498,103244],{},[34,104500,104502],{"className":36,"code":104501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104503,104504,104536,104557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104507,257],{"class":49},[43,104509,98],{"class":97},[43,104511,11110],{"class":53},[43,104513,265],{"class":264},[43,104515,269],{"class":268},[43,104517,265],{"class":264},[43,104519,108],{"class":53},[43,104521,276],{"class":264},[43,104523,279],{"class":268},[43,104525,265],{"class":264},[43,104527,108],{"class":53},[43,104529,276],{"class":264},[43,104531,288],{"class":268},[43,104533,265],{"class":264},[43,104535,9928],{"class":53},[43,104537,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104539,1079],{"class":49},[43,104541,79],{"class":53},[43,104543,103311],{"class":148},[43,104545,145],{"class":53},[43,104547,265],{"class":264},[43,104549,22699],{"class":268},[43,104551,265],{"class":264},[43,104553,4272],{"class":53},[43,104555,104556],{"class":165},"   # safe\n",[43,104558,104559,104561,104563,104565],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104560,142],{"class":141},[43,104562,145],{"class":53},[43,104564,1079],{"class":148},[43,104566,346],{"class":53},[14,104568,104569,104570,46535,104573,79],{},"If you use ",[18,104571,104572],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104574,20309],{},[1499,104576,26240,104578,104580],{"id":104577},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104579,103244],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104582,104583,102597],{},[18,104584,103244],{},[14,104586,1970],{},[34,104588,104590],{"className":36,"code":104589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104591,104592,104612],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104593,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104595,8398],{"class":49},[43,104597,98],{"class":97},[43,104599,101],{"class":53},[43,104601,154],{"class":104},[43,104603,108],{"class":53},[43,104605,1525],{"class":104},[43,104607,108],{"class":53},[43,104609,1530],{"class":104},[43,104611,68],{"class":53},[43,104613,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104615,8427],{"class":49},[43,104617,79],{"class":53},[43,104619,103311],{"class":148},[43,104621,145],{"class":53},[43,104623,201],{"class":104},[43,104625,346],{"class":53},[14,104627,104628,104629,59],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104630,103244],{},[34,104632,104634],{"className":36,"code":104633,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104635,104636,104656,104670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104639,8398],{"class":49},[43,104641,98],{"class":97},[43,104643,11110],{"class":53},[43,104645,154],{"class":104},[43,104647,108],{"class":53},[43,104649,1525],{"class":104},[43,104651,108],{"class":53},[43,104653,1530],{"class":104},[43,104655,9928],{"class":53},[43,104657,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104659,8427],{"class":49},[43,104661,79],{"class":53},[43,104663,103311],{"class":148},[43,104665,145],{"class":53},[43,104667,201],{"class":104},[43,104669,346],{"class":53},[43,104671,104672,104674,104676,104678],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104673,142],{"class":141},[43,104675,145],{"class":53},[43,104677,8427],{"class":148},[43,104679,346],{"class":53},[1499,104681,104683],{"id":104682},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104685,104686],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104688,1505],{},[34,104690,104692],{"className":36,"code":104691,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104693,104694,104714],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104695,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104697,9784],{"class":49},[43,104699,98],{"class":97},[43,104701,11110],{"class":53},[43,104703,154],{"class":104},[43,104705,108],{"class":53},[43,104707,1525],{"class":104},[43,104709,108],{"class":53},[43,104711,1530],{"class":104},[43,104713,9928],{"class":53},[43,104715,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104717,9823],{"class":49},[43,104719,79],{"class":53},[43,104721,103311],{"class":148},[43,104723,3595],{"class":53},[43,104725,201],{"class":104},[43,104727,1547],{"class":53},[14,104729,104730],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[81,104732,9491],{"id":9490},[14,104734,1261,104735,104737],{},[18,104736,103244],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[34,104739,104741],{"className":36,"code":104740,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104742,104743,104753,104767,104781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104744,104745,104747,104749,104751],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104746,142],{"class":141},[43,104748,145],{"class":53},[43,104750,16289],{"class":148},[43,104752,346],{"class":53},[43,104754,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,104756,142],{"class":141},[43,104758,145],{"class":53},[43,104760,3832],{"class":3510},[43,104762,145],{"class":53},[43,104764,16289],{"class":148},[43,104766,2377],{"class":53},[43,104768,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,104770,142],{"class":141},[43,104772,145],{"class":53},[43,104774,3054],{"class":148},[43,104776,4498],{"class":4491},[43,104778,97314],{"class":148},[43,104780,346],{"class":53},[43,104782,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,104784,32779],{"class":141},[43,104786,145],{"class":53},[43,104788,6902],{"class":3510},[43,104790,79],{"class":53},[43,104792,103311],{"class":25373},[43,104794,346],{"class":53},[14,104796,11791],{},[389,104798,104799,104802,104805,104808],{},[392,104800,104801],{},"What is currently in the set",[392,104803,104804],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[392,104806,104807],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[392,104809,104810],{},"How Python documents the method",[81,104812,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,104814,104816],{"id":104815},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104818,104819,104820,104822],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104821,103244],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1499,104824,2476,104826,13340],{"id":104825},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104827,103249],{},[14,104829,5762,104830,104832],{},[18,104831,4391],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1499,104834,5794,104836,1233,104838,2490],{"id":104835},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104837,103244],{},[18,104839,56157],{},[14,104841,104842,104843,27162,104845,104847,104848,104850],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104844,56157],{},[18,104846,20309],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104849,103244],{}," does not.",[1499,104852,28953,104854,104856],{"id":104853},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104855,103244],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104858,46992,104859,104861],{},[18,104860,103244],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[81,104863,2497],{"id":2496},[389,104865,104866,104872,104878,104883,104887],{},[392,104867,104868],{},[269,104869,97204,104870,11361],{"href":98599},[18,104871,56157],{},[392,104873,104874],{},[269,104875,97204,104876,11361],{"href":98604},[18,104877,13387],{},[392,104879,104880],{},[269,104881,104882],{"href":98273},"Python set: creating a set",[392,104884,104885],{},[269,104886,100739],{"href":99181},[392,104888,104889],{},[269,104890,11883],{"href":11695},[2536,104892,104893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":104895},[104896,104897,104899,104902,104907,104908,104909,104910,104912,104921,104922,104931],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":103421,"depth":131,"text":104898},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":104900},[104901],{"id":103494,"depth":138,"text":103495},{"id":103574,"depth":131,"text":104903,"children":104904},"What makes discard() different",[104905],{"id":103613,"depth":138,"text":104906},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103766,"depth":131,"text":103767},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":104137,"depth":131,"text":104138},{"id":104330,"depth":131,"text":104911},"When to use discard()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":104913},[104914,104916,104918,104920],{"id":104359,"depth":138,"text":104915},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104489,"depth":138,"text":104917},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104577,"depth":138,"text":104919},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104682,"depth":138,"text":104683},{"id":9490,"depth":131,"text":9491},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":104923},[104924,104925,104927,104929],{"id":104815,"depth":138,"text":104816},{"id":104825,"depth":138,"text":104926},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104835,"depth":138,"text":104928},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104853,"depth":138,"text":104930},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103236,"description":104932},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104939,"title":104940,"body":104941,"description":106947,"extension":2572,"meta":106948,"navigation":134,"path":106949,"seo":106950,"stem":106951,"__hash__":106952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104942,"toc":106905},[104943,104946,104954,104959,104970,104972,105027,105031,105051,105056,105060,105065,105067,105081,105083,105158,105160,105193,105198,105203,105205,105207,105222,105225,105233,105238,105253,105255,105344,105346,105435,105441,105445,105447,105485,105487,105511,105514,105529,105531,105586,105588,105621,105623,105628,105632,105636,105641,105706,105708,105728,105734,105738,105795,105797,105818,105822,105827,105872,105874,105907,105910,105914,105947,105949,105978,105982,105986,105989,105991,106010,106012,106058,106063,106077,106079,106110,106115,106118,106162,106164,106192,106196,106200,106216,106219,106284,106286,106298,106301,106305,106308,106313,106341,106343,106361,106367,106406,106408,106426,106432,106461,106463,106481,106484,106501,106503,106508,106512,106515,106541,106548,106553,106568,106577,106581,106584,106615,106621,106624,106633,106636,106638,106640,106698,106701,106726,106728,106732,106735,106739,106747,106751,106754,106758,106761,106763,106786,106788,106829,106836,106844,106847,106878,106880,106902],[10,104944,104940],{"id":104945},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104947,9741,104948,104950,104951,79],{},[18,104949,4410],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[76,104952,104953],{},"unique values only",[14,104955,36035,104956,104958],{},[18,104957,4410],{}," to:",[389,104960,104961,104964,104967],{},[392,104962,104963],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[392,104965,104966],{},"check whether a value exists",[392,104968,104969],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[81,104971,84],{"id":83},[34,104973,104975],{"className":36,"code":104974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104976,104977,105001,105016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104978,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104980,94],{"class":49},[43,104982,98],{"class":97},[43,104984,101],{"class":53},[43,104986,154],{"class":104},[43,104988,108],{"class":53},[43,104990,1525],{"class":104},[43,104992,108],{"class":53},[43,104994,1525],{"class":104},[43,104996,108],{"class":53},[43,104998,1530],{"class":104},[43,105000,68],{"class":53},[43,105002,105003,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105004,105005],{"class":49},"unique_numbers ",[43,105007,98],{"class":97},[43,105009,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105011,145],{"class":53},[43,105013,149],{"class":148},[43,105015,346],{"class":53},[43,105017,105018,105020,105022,105025],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105019,142],{"class":141},[43,105021,145],{"class":53},[43,105023,105024],{"class":148},"unique_numbers",[43,105026,346],{"class":53},[14,105028,105029],{},[76,105030,349],{},[34,105032,105033],{"className":36,"code":96997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105034,105035],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105036,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105038,9897],{"class":53},[43,105040,154],{"class":104},[43,105042,108],{"class":53},[43,105044,1525],{"class":104},[43,105046,108],{"class":53},[43,105048,1530],{"class":104},[43,105050,9928],{"class":53},[14,105052,230,105053,105055],{},[18,105054,4410],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[81,105057,105059],{"id":105058},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,105061,105062,105064],{},[18,105063,4410],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,105066,31166],{},[389,105068,105069,105072,105075,105078],{},[392,105070,105071],{},"A set stores unique items only",[392,105073,105074],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[392,105076,105077],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[392,105079,105080],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,105082,494],{},[34,105084,105086],{"className":36,"code":105085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,105087,105088,105128,105143,105147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105089,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105091,13700],{"class":49},[43,105093,98],{"class":97},[43,105095,101],{"class":53},[43,105097,265],{"class":264},[43,105099,13717],{"class":268},[43,105101,265],{"class":264},[43,105103,108],{"class":53},[43,105105,276],{"class":264},[43,105107,13734],{"class":268},[43,105109,265],{"class":264},[43,105111,108],{"class":53},[43,105113,276],{"class":264},[43,105115,13717],{"class":268},[43,105117,265],{"class":264},[43,105119,108],{"class":53},[43,105121,276],{"class":264},[43,105123,18077],{"class":268},[43,105125,265],{"class":264},[43,105127,68],{"class":53},[43,105129,105130,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105131,105132],{"class":49},"unique_colors ",[43,105134,98],{"class":97},[43,105136,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105138,145],{"class":53},[43,105140,18124],{"class":148},[43,105142,346],{"class":53},[43,105144,105145],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105146,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,105148,105149,105151,105153,105156],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105150,142],{"class":141},[43,105152,145],{"class":53},[43,105154,105155],{"class":148},"unique_colors",[43,105157,346],{"class":53},[14,105159,30655],{},[34,105161,105163],{"className":36,"code":105162,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,105164,105165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105166,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105168,9897],{"class":53},[43,105170,361],{"class":264},[43,105172,13734],{"class":268},[43,105174,361],{"class":264},[43,105176,108],{"class":53},[43,105178,370],{"class":264},[43,105180,18077],{"class":268},[43,105182,361],{"class":264},[43,105184,108],{"class":53},[43,105186,370],{"class":264},[43,105188,13717],{"class":268},[43,105190,361],{"class":264},[43,105192,9928],{"class":53},[14,105194,2893,105195,105197],{},[18,105196,66016],{}," appears only once.",[14,105199,105200,105201,79],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[269,105202,96718],{"href":96717},[81,105204,2763],{"id":2762},[14,105206,2766],{},[34,105208,105210],{"className":36,"code":105209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set(iterable)\n",[18,105211,105212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105213,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105215,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105217,145],{"class":53},[43,105219,4333],{"class":148},[43,105221,346],{"class":53},[14,105223,105224],{},"The argument is optional.",[389,105226,105227,105230],{},[392,105228,105229],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[392,105231,105232],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,105234,105235,105236,59],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,105237,4410],{},[389,105239,105240,105242,105244,105246,105250],{},[392,105241,8712],{},[392,105243,49581],{},[392,105245,61799],{},[392,105247,105248],{},[18,105249,36826],{},[392,105251,105252],{},"another set",[14,105254,2731],{},[34,105256,105258],{"className":36,"code":105257,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,105259,105260,105286,105308,105326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105263,142],{"class":141},[43,105265,145],{"class":53},[43,105267,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105269,3595],{"class":53},[43,105271,154],{"class":104},[43,105273,108],{"class":53},[43,105275,1525],{"class":104},[43,105277,108],{"class":53},[43,105279,1525],{"class":104},[43,105281,108],{"class":53},[43,105283,1530],{"class":104},[43,105285,3608],{"class":53},[43,105287,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105289,142],{"class":141},[43,105291,145],{"class":53},[43,105293,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105295,6126],{"class":53},[43,105297,105],{"class":104},[43,105299,108],{"class":53},[43,105301,111],{"class":104},[43,105303,108],{"class":53},[43,105305,977],{"class":104},[43,105307,3521],{"class":53},[43,105309,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105311,142],{"class":141},[43,105313,145],{"class":53},[43,105315,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105317,145],{"class":53},[43,105319,265],{"class":264},[43,105321,4459],{"class":268},[43,105323,265],{"class":264},[43,105325,2377],{"class":53},[43,105327,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105329,142],{"class":141},[43,105331,145],{"class":53},[43,105333,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105335,145],{"class":53},[43,105337,60625],{"class":141},[43,105339,145],{"class":53},[43,105341,159],{"class":104},[43,105343,3521],{"class":53},[14,105345,30655],{},[34,105347,105349],{"className":36,"code":105348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,105350,105351,105367,105379,105415],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105352,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105354,9897],{"class":53},[43,105356,154],{"class":104},[43,105358,108],{"class":53},[43,105360,1525],{"class":104},[43,105362,108],{"class":53},[43,105364,1530],{"class":104},[43,105366,9928],{"class":53},[43,105368,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105370,9897],{"class":53},[43,105372,105],{"class":104},[43,105374,108],{"class":53},[43,105376,111],{"class":104},[43,105378,9928],{"class":53},[43,105380,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105382,9897],{"class":53},[43,105384,361],{"class":264},[43,105386,61065],{"class":268},[43,105388,361],{"class":264},[43,105390,108],{"class":53},[43,105392,370],{"class":264},[43,105394,306],{"class":268},[43,105396,361],{"class":264},[43,105398,108],{"class":53},[43,105400,370],{"class":264},[43,105402,61082],{"class":268},[43,105404,361],{"class":264},[43,105406,108],{"class":53},[43,105408,370],{"class":264},[43,105410,61099],{"class":268},[43,105412,361],{"class":264},[43,105414,9928],{"class":53},[43,105416,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105418,9897],{"class":53},[43,105420,1277],{"class":104},[43,105422,108],{"class":53},[43,105424,6113],{"class":104},[43,105426,108],{"class":53},[43,105428,1525],{"class":104},[43,105430,108],{"class":53},[43,105432,1530],{"class":104},[43,105434,9928],{"class":53},[14,105436,105437,105438,79],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[269,105439,105440],{"href":65473},"Python list() function explained",[81,105442,105444],{"id":105443},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105446,98670],{},[34,105448,105449],{"className":36,"code":99635,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105450,105451,105461,105471],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105452,105453,105455,105457,105459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105454,98680],{"class":49},[43,105456,98],{"class":97},[43,105458,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105460,9262],{"class":53},[43,105462,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105464,142],{"class":141},[43,105466,145],{"class":53},[43,105468,98699],{"class":148},[43,105470,346],{"class":53},[43,105472,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105474,142],{"class":141},[43,105476,145],{"class":53},[43,105478,3832],{"class":3510},[43,105480,145],{"class":53},[43,105482,98699],{"class":148},[43,105484,2377],{"class":53},[14,105486,349],{},[34,105488,105489],{"className":36,"code":99678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105490,105491,105497],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105492,105493,105495],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105494,6902],{"class":3510},[43,105496,9262],{"class":53},[43,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105500,3901],{"class":97},[43,105502,3904],{"class":2671},[43,105504,370],{"class":264},[43,105506,6902],{"class":268},[43,105508,361],{"class":264},[43,105510,3913],{"class":97},[14,105512,105513],{},"This is important because:",[389,105515,105516,105521],{},[392,105517,105518,105520],{},[18,105519,4410],{}," creates an empty set",[392,105522,105523,105525,105526,105528],{},[18,105524,4405],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[76,105527,1957],{}," a set",[14,105530,494],{},[34,105532,105534],{"className":36,"code":105533,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,105535,105536,105546,105554,105558,105572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105537,105538,105540,105542,105544],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105539,3161],{"class":49},[43,105541,98],{"class":97},[43,105543,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105545,9262],{"class":53},[43,105547,105548,105550,105552],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105549,3189],{"class":49},[43,105551,98],{"class":97},[43,105553,10457],{"class":53},[43,105555,105556],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105557,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,105559,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105561,142],{"class":141},[43,105563,145],{"class":53},[43,105565,3832],{"class":3510},[43,105567,145],{"class":53},[43,105569,269],{"class":148},[43,105571,2377],{"class":53},[43,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,105575,142],{"class":141},[43,105577,145],{"class":53},[43,105579,3832],{"class":3510},[43,105581,145],{"class":53},[43,105583,279],{"class":148},[43,105585,2377],{"class":53},[14,105587,349],{},[34,105589,105591],{"className":36,"code":105590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105592,105593,105607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105594,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105596,3901],{"class":97},[43,105598,3904],{"class":2671},[43,105600,370],{"class":264},[43,105602,6902],{"class":268},[43,105604,361],{"class":264},[43,105606,3913],{"class":97},[43,105608,105609,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105610,3901],{"class":97},[43,105612,3904],{"class":2671},[43,105614,370],{"class":264},[43,105616,9440],{"class":268},[43,105618,361],{"class":264},[43,105620,3913],{"class":97},[14,105622,14673],{},[14,105624,105625,105626,79],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[269,105627,104882],{"href":96721},[81,105629,105631],{"id":105630},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1499,105633,105635],{"id":105634},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105637,105638,105639,79],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105640,4410],{},[34,105642,105644],{"className":36,"code":105643,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105645,105646,105678,105692,105696],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105647,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105649,94],{"class":49},[43,105651,98],{"class":97},[43,105653,101],{"class":53},[43,105655,154],{"class":104},[43,105657,108],{"class":53},[43,105659,1525],{"class":104},[43,105661,108],{"class":53},[43,105663,1525],{"class":104},[43,105665,108],{"class":53},[43,105667,1530],{"class":104},[43,105669,108],{"class":53},[43,105671,1530],{"class":104},[43,105673,108],{"class":53},[43,105675,1530],{"class":104},[43,105677,68],{"class":53},[43,105679,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105681,2836],{"class":49},[43,105683,98],{"class":97},[43,105685,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105687,145],{"class":53},[43,105689,149],{"class":148},[43,105691,346],{"class":53},[43,105693,105694],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105695,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105699,142],{"class":141},[43,105701,145],{"class":53},[43,105703,2871],{"class":148},[43,105705,346],{"class":53},[14,105707,349],{},[34,105709,105710],{"className":36,"code":96997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105711,105712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105713,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105715,9897],{"class":53},[43,105717,154],{"class":104},[43,105719,108],{"class":53},[43,105721,1525],{"class":104},[43,105723,108],{"class":53},[43,105725,1530],{"class":104},[43,105727,9928],{"class":53},[14,105729,105730,105731,79],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[269,105732,99468],{"href":105733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1499,105735,105737],{"id":105736},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[34,105739,105741],{"className":36,"code":105740,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105742,105743,105767,105781,105785],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105744,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105746,4436],{"class":49},[43,105748,98],{"class":97},[43,105750,9855],{"class":53},[43,105752,831],{"class":104},[43,105754,108],{"class":53},[43,105756,5221],{"class":104},[43,105758,108],{"class":53},[43,105760,977],{"class":104},[43,105762,108],{"class":53},[43,105764,38564],{"class":104},[43,105766,346],{"class":53},[43,105768,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105770,2836],{"class":49},[43,105772,98],{"class":97},[43,105774,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105776,145],{"class":53},[43,105778,5974],{"class":148},[43,105780,346],{"class":53},[43,105782,105783],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105784,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,105786,105787,105789,105791,105793],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105788,142],{"class":141},[43,105790,145],{"class":53},[43,105792,2871],{"class":148},[43,105794,346],{"class":53},[14,105796,349],{},[34,105798,105800],{"className":36,"code":105799,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105801,105802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105803,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105805,9897],{"class":53},[43,105807,831],{"class":104},[43,105809,108],{"class":53},[43,105811,977],{"class":104},[43,105813,108],{"class":53},[43,105815,38564],{"class":104},[43,105817,9928],{"class":53},[1499,105819,105821],{"id":105820},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105823,51754,105824,105826],{},[18,105825,4410],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[34,105828,105830],{"className":36,"code":105829,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105831,105832,105844,105858,105862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105833,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105835,35316],{"class":49},[43,105837,98],{"class":97},[43,105839,276],{"class":264},[43,105841,4703],{"class":268},[43,105843,3969],{"class":264},[43,105845,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105847,2836],{"class":49},[43,105849,98],{"class":97},[43,105851,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105853,145],{"class":53},[43,105855,35337],{"class":148},[43,105857,346],{"class":53},[43,105859,105860],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,105861,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,105863,105864,105866,105868,105870],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,105865,142],{"class":141},[43,105867,145],{"class":53},[43,105869,2871],{"class":148},[43,105871,346],{"class":53},[14,105873,30655],{},[34,105875,105877],{"className":36,"code":105876,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105878,105879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105880,105881,105883,105885,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105882,9897],{"class":53},[43,105884,361],{"class":264},[43,105886,279],{"class":268},[43,105888,361],{"class":264},[43,105890,108],{"class":53},[43,105892,370],{"class":264},[43,105894,269],{"class":268},[43,105896,361],{"class":264},[43,105898,108],{"class":53},[43,105900,370],{"class":264},[43,105902,703],{"class":268},[43,105904,361],{"class":264},[43,105906,9928],{"class":53},[14,105908,105909],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1499,105911,105913],{"id":105912},"from-range","From range()",[34,105915,105917],{"className":36,"code":105916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105918,105919,105937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105920,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105922,2836],{"class":49},[43,105924,98],{"class":97},[43,105926,16256],{"class":3510},[43,105928,145],{"class":53},[43,105930,60625],{"class":141},[43,105932,145],{"class":53},[43,105934,831],{"class":104},[43,105936,2377],{"class":53},[43,105938,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,105940,142],{"class":141},[43,105942,145],{"class":53},[43,105944,2871],{"class":148},[43,105946,346],{"class":53},[14,105948,349],{},[34,105950,105952],{"className":36,"code":105951,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105953,105954],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105955,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105957,9897],{"class":53},[43,105959,1277],{"class":104},[43,105961,108],{"class":53},[43,105963,6113],{"class":104},[43,105965,108],{"class":53},[43,105967,1525],{"class":104},[43,105969,108],{"class":53},[43,105971,1530],{"class":104},[43,105973,108],{"class":53},[43,105975,3064],{"class":104},[43,105977,9928],{"class":53},[81,105979,105981],{"id":105980},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105983,99915,105984,79],{},[76,105985,96761],{},[14,105987,105988],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105990,99921],{},[389,105992,105993,105997,106001,106005],{},[392,105994,105995],{},[18,105996,2795],{},[392,105998,105999],{},[18,106000,4054],{},[392,106002,106003],{},[18,106004,2798],{},[392,106006,106007,106009],{},[18,106008,49581],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,106011,494],{},[34,106013,106015],{"className":36,"code":106014,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,106016,106017,106048],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106020,8398],{"class":49},[43,106022,98],{"class":97},[43,106024,11110],{"class":53},[43,106026,154],{"class":104},[43,106028,108],{"class":53},[43,106030,276],{"class":264},[43,106032,4459],{"class":268},[43,106034,265],{"class":264},[43,106036,108],{"class":53},[43,106038,9855],{"class":53},[43,106040,105],{"class":104},[43,106042,108],{"class":53},[43,106044,111],{"class":104},[43,106046,106047],{"class":53},")}\n",[43,106049,106050,106052,106054,106056],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106051,142],{"class":141},[43,106053,145],{"class":53},[43,106055,8427],{"class":148},[43,106057,346],{"class":53},[14,106059,99983,106060,106062],{},[76,106061,1957],{}," work inside a set:",[389,106064,106065,106069,106073],{},[392,106066,106067],{},[18,106068,8712],{},[392,106070,106071],{},[18,106072,9440],{},[392,106074,106075],{},[18,106076,6902],{},[14,106078,97486],{},[34,106080,106082],{"className":36,"code":106081,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106083,106084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106085,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106087,100002],{"class":49},[43,106089,98],{"class":97},[43,106091,100007],{"class":53},[43,106093,154],{"class":104},[43,106095,108],{"class":53},[43,106097,1525],{"class":104},[43,106099,18684],{"class":53},[43,106101,101],{"class":53},[43,106103,181],{"class":104},[43,106105,108],{"class":53},[43,106107,3064],{"class":104},[43,106109,14331],{"class":53},[14,106111,1550,106112,106114],{},[18,106113,3614],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,106116,106117],{},"A safer example:",[34,106119,106121],{"className":36,"code":106120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,106122,106123,106151],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106124,106125,106128,106130,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106126,106127],{"class":49},"good_set ",[43,106129,98],{"class":97},[43,106131,106132],{"class":53}," {(",[43,106134,154],{"class":104},[43,106136,108],{"class":53},[43,106138,1525],{"class":104},[43,106140,9852],{"class":53},[43,106142,9855],{"class":53},[43,106144,181],{"class":104},[43,106146,108],{"class":53},[43,106148,3064],{"class":104},[43,106150,106047],{"class":53},[43,106152,106153,106155,106157,106160],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106154,142],{"class":141},[43,106156,145],{"class":53},[43,106158,106159],{"class":148},"good_set",[43,106161,346],{"class":53},[14,106163,349],{},[34,106165,106167],{"className":36,"code":106166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,106168,106169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106170,106171,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106172,106173],{"class":53},"{(",[43,106175,154],{"class":104},[43,106177,108],{"class":53},[43,106179,1525],{"class":104},[43,106181,9852],{"class":53},[43,106183,9855],{"class":53},[43,106185,181],{"class":104},[43,106187,108],{"class":53},[43,106189,3064],{"class":104},[43,106191,106047],{"class":53},[81,106193,106195],{"id":106194},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,106197,230,106198,11221],{},[18,106199,4410],{},[389,106201,106202,106205,106210,106213],{},[392,106203,106204],{},"you need unique values only",[392,106206,106207,106208],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,106209,4498],{},[392,106211,106212],{},"order does not matter",[392,106214,106215],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,106217,106218],{},"Example of membership checking:",[34,106220,106222],{"className":36,"code":106221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,106223,106224,106249,106253,106269],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106225,106226,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106242,106244,106247],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106227,106228],{"class":49},"allowed_ids ",[43,106230,98],{"class":97},[43,106232,16256],{"class":3510},[43,106234,3595],{"class":53},[43,106236,47219],{"class":104},[43,106238,108],{"class":53},[43,106240,106241],{"class":104}," 102",[43,106243,108],{"class":53},[43,106245,106246],{"class":104}," 103",[43,106248,1547],{"class":53},[43,106250,106251],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106252,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,106254,106255,106257,106259,106262,106264,106267],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,106256,142],{"class":141},[43,106258,145],{"class":53},[43,106260,106261],{"class":104},"102",[43,106263,21795],{"class":4491},[43,106265,106266],{"class":148}," allowed_ids",[43,106268,346],{"class":53},[43,106270,106271,106273,106275,106278,106280,106282],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,106272,142],{"class":141},[43,106274,145],{"class":53},[43,106276,106277],{"class":104},"999",[43,106279,21795],{"class":4491},[43,106281,106266],{"class":148},[43,106283,346],{"class":53},[14,106285,349],{},[34,106287,106288],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106289,106290,106294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106291,106292],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106293,4594],{"class":4466},[43,106295,106296],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106297,4655],{"class":4466},[14,106299,106300],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[81,106302,106304],{"id":106303},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,106306,106307],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1499,106309,230,106311,98612],{"id":106310},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,106312,4410],{},[34,106314,106315],{"className":36,"code":98673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106316,106317,106327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106318,106319,106321,106323,106325],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106320,98680],{"class":49},[43,106322,98],{"class":97},[43,106324,16256],{"class":3510},[43,106326,9262],{"class":53},[43,106328,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106330,142],{"class":141},[43,106332,145],{"class":53},[43,106334,3832],{"class":3510},[43,106336,145],{"class":53},[43,106338,98699],{"class":148},[43,106340,2377],{"class":53},[14,106342,349],{},[34,106344,106345],{"className":36,"code":9471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106346,106347],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106348,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106350,3901],{"class":97},[43,106352,3904],{"class":2671},[43,106354,370],{"class":264},[43,106356,6902],{"class":268},[43,106358,361],{"class":264},[43,106360,3913],{"class":97},[1499,106362,230,106364,106366],{"id":106363},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,106365,100672],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[34,106368,106370],{"className":36,"code":106369,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,106371,106372,106392],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106373,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106375,94],{"class":49},[43,106377,98],{"class":97},[43,106379,11110],{"class":53},[43,106381,154],{"class":104},[43,106383,108],{"class":53},[43,106385,1525],{"class":104},[43,106387,108],{"class":53},[43,106389,1530],{"class":104},[43,106391,9928],{"class":53},[43,106393,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106395,142],{"class":141},[43,106397,145],{"class":53},[43,106399,3832],{"class":3510},[43,106401,145],{"class":53},[43,106403,149],{"class":148},[43,106405,2377],{"class":53},[14,106407,349],{},[34,106409,106410],{"className":36,"code":9471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106411,106412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106413,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106415,3901],{"class":97},[43,106417,3904],{"class":2671},[43,106419,370],{"class":264},[43,106421,6902],{"class":268},[43,106423,361],{"class":264},[43,106425,3913],{"class":97},[1499,106427,230,106429,106431],{"id":106428},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,106430,4405],{}," for an empty dictionary",[34,106433,106435],{"className":36,"code":106434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,106436,106437,106446],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106438,106439,106442,106444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106440,106441],{"class":49},"empty_dict ",[43,106443,98],{"class":97},[43,106445,10457],{"class":53},[43,106447,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106459],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106449,142],{"class":141},[43,106451,145],{"class":53},[43,106453,3832],{"class":3510},[43,106455,145],{"class":53},[43,106457,106458],{"class":148},"empty_dict",[43,106460,2377],{"class":53},[14,106462,349],{},[34,106464,106465],{"className":36,"code":9427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106466,106467],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106468,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106470,3901],{"class":97},[43,106472,3904],{"class":2671},[43,106474,370],{"class":264},[43,106476,9440],{"class":268},[43,106478,361],{"class":264},[43,106480,3913],{"class":97},[14,106482,106483],{},"So the rule is simple:",[389,106485,106486,106491,106496],{},[392,106487,106488,106490],{},[18,106489,4410],{}," → empty set",[392,106492,106493,106495],{},[18,106494,100672],{}," → non-empty set",[392,106497,106498,106500],{},[18,106499,4405],{}," → empty dictionary",[81,106502,3438],{"id":3437},[14,106504,106505,106506,79],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,106507,4410],{},[1499,106509,2445,106510,100270],{"id":100267},[18,106511,4405],{},[14,106513,106514],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[34,106516,106517],{"className":36,"code":100276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106518,106519,106527],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106520,106521,106523,106525],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106522,3054],{"class":49},[43,106524,98],{"class":97},[43,106526,10457],{"class":53},[43,106528,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106530,142],{"class":141},[43,106532,145],{"class":53},[43,106534,3832],{"class":3510},[43,106536,145],{"class":53},[43,106538,3080],{"class":148},[43,106540,2377],{"class":53},[1499,106542,106544,106545],{"id":106543},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,106546,106547],{},"set(5)",[14,106549,106550,106552],{},[18,106551,4410],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[34,106554,106556],{"className":36,"code":106555,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set(5)\n",[18,106557,106558],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106561,6902],{"class":3510},[43,106563,145],{"class":53},[43,106565,831],{"class":104},[43,106567,346],{"class":53},[14,106569,3611,106570,106572,106573,79],{},[18,106571,3614],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[269,106574,106576],{"href":106575},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1499,106578,106580],{"id":106579},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106582,106583],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[34,106585,106587],{"className":36,"code":106586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106588,106589],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106592,3054],{"class":49},[43,106594,98],{"class":97},[43,106596,100007],{"class":53},[43,106598,154],{"class":104},[43,106600,108],{"class":53},[43,106602,1525],{"class":104},[43,106604,18684],{"class":53},[43,106606,101],{"class":53},[43,106608,181],{"class":104},[43,106610,108],{"class":53},[43,106612,3064],{"class":104},[43,106614,14331],{"class":53},[1499,106616,9071,106618,106620],{"id":106617},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106619,4410],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106622,106623],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1499,106625,1860,106627,1863,106629,3486,106631],{"id":106626},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106628,4410],{},[18,106630,25404],{},[18,106632,9738],{},[14,106634,106635],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[81,106637,61335],{"id":61334},[14,106639,11734],{},[34,106641,106643],{"className":36,"code":106642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106644,106645,106660,106670,106684],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106646,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106658],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106648,142],{"class":141},[43,106650,145],{"class":53},[43,106652,3832],{"class":3510},[43,106654,145],{"class":53},[43,106656,106657],{"class":148},"my_value",[43,106659,2377],{"class":53},[43,106661,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,106663,142],{"class":141},[43,106665,145],{"class":53},[43,106667,106657],{"class":148},[43,106669,346],{"class":53},[43,106671,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,106673,142],{"class":141},[43,106675,145],{"class":53},[43,106677,8712],{"class":3510},[43,106679,145],{"class":53},[43,106681,16289],{"class":148},[43,106683,2377],{"class":53},[43,106685,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,106687,142],{"class":141},[43,106689,145],{"class":53},[43,106691,2370],{"class":141},[43,106693,145],{"class":53},[43,106695,16289],{"class":148},[43,106697,2377],{"class":53},[14,106699,106700],{},"What they help you see:",[389,106702,106703,106709,106714,106720],{},[392,106704,106705,106708],{},[18,106706,106707],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[392,106710,106711,90936],{},[18,106712,106713],{},"print(my_value)",[392,106715,106716,106719],{},[18,106717,106718],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[392,106721,106722,106725],{},[18,106723,106724],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[81,106727,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,106729,106731],{"id":106730},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106733,106734],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1499,106736,106738],{"id":106737},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106740,230,106741,106743,106744,106746],{},[18,106742,4410],{},". Do not use ",[18,106745,4405],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1499,106748,106750],{"id":106749},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106752,106753],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1499,106755,106757],{"id":106756},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106759,106760],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106762,494],{},[34,106764,106766],{"className":36,"code":106765,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106767,106768],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106769,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106771,142],{"class":141},[43,106773,145],{"class":53},[43,106775,6902],{"class":3510},[43,106777,145],{"class":53},[43,106779,265],{"class":264},[43,106781,4694],{"class":268},[43,106783,265],{"class":264},[43,106785,2377],{"class":53},[14,106787,30655],{},[34,106789,106791],{"className":36,"code":106790,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106792,106793],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106794,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106796,9897],{"class":53},[43,106798,361],{"class":264},[43,106800,269],{"class":268},[43,106802,361],{"class":264},[43,106804,108],{"class":53},[43,106806,370],{"class":264},[43,106808,14],{"class":268},[43,106810,361],{"class":264},[43,106812,108],{"class":53},[43,106814,370],{"class":264},[43,106816,61082],{"class":268},[43,106818,361],{"class":264},[43,106820,108],{"class":53},[43,106822,370],{"class":264},[43,106824,306],{"class":268},[43,106826,361],{"class":264},[43,106828,9928],{"class":53},[1499,106830,5772,106832,106835],{"id":106831},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106833,106834],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106837,106838,29310,106840,106843],{},[18,106839,4410],{},[76,106841,106842],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106845,106846],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[34,106848,106850],{"className":36,"code":106849,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106851,106852],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106855,142],{"class":141},[43,106857,145],{"class":53},[43,106859,6902],{"class":3510},[43,106861,3595],{"class":53},[43,106863,154],{"class":104},[43,106865,108],{"class":53},[43,106867,1525],{"class":104},[43,106869,108],{"class":53},[43,106871,1530],{"class":104},[43,106873,108],{"class":53},[43,106875,3064],{"class":104},[43,106877,3608],{"class":53},[81,106879,2497],{"id":2496},[389,106881,106882,106886,106890,106894,106898],{},[392,106883,106884],{},[269,106885,96718],{"href":96717},[392,106887,106888],{},[269,106889,104882],{"href":96721},[392,106891,106892],{},[269,106893,100734],{"href":105733},[392,106895,106896],{},[269,106897,105440],{"href":65473},[392,106899,106900],{},[269,106901,106576],{"href":106575},[2536,106903,106904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":106906},[106907,106908,106909,106910,106911,106917,106918,106919,106927,106937,106938,106946],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":105058,"depth":131,"text":105059},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":105443,"depth":131,"text":105444},{"id":105630,"depth":131,"text":105631,"children":106912},[106913,106914,106915,106916],{"id":105634,"depth":138,"text":105635},{"id":105736,"depth":138,"text":105737},{"id":105820,"depth":138,"text":105821},{"id":105912,"depth":138,"text":105913},{"id":105980,"depth":131,"text":105981},{"id":106194,"depth":131,"text":106195},{"id":106303,"depth":131,"text":106304,"children":106920},[106921,106923,106925],{"id":106310,"depth":138,"text":106922},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106363,"depth":138,"text":106924},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106428,"depth":138,"text":106926},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":106928},[106929,106930,106932,106933,106935],{"id":100267,"depth":138,"text":100775},{"id":106543,"depth":138,"text":106931},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106579,"depth":138,"text":106580},{"id":106617,"depth":138,"text":106934},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106626,"depth":138,"text":106936},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61334,"depth":131,"text":61335},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":106939},[106940,106941,106942,106943,106944],{"id":106730,"depth":138,"text":106731},{"id":106737,"depth":138,"text":106738},{"id":106749,"depth":138,"text":106750},{"id":106756,"depth":138,"text":106757},{"id":106831,"depth":138,"text":106945},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104940,"description":106947},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106954,"title":106955,"body":106956,"description":108471,"extension":2572,"meta":108472,"navigation":134,"path":108473,"seo":108474,"stem":108475,"__hash__":108476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106957,"toc":108447},[106958,106964,106969,106972,107055,107060,107065,107070,107072,107085,107089,107091,107110,107113,107136,107139,107150,107152,107233,107235,107252,107254,107260,107263,107358,107360,107391,107393,107401,107403,107406,107517,107519,107544,107546,107568,107573,107578,107584,107693,107695,107711,107714,107717,107800,107802,107819,107827,107829,107833,107839,107930,107932,107965,107970,107977,108054,108056,108073,108079,108081,108085,108101,108104,108130,108132,108193,108195,108318,108320,108371,108377,108379,108384,108386,108392,108395,108399,108402,108406,108409,108419,108421,108444],[10,106959,4187,106961,11943],{"id":106960},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106962,106963],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106965,1242,106966,106968],{},[18,106967,106963],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106970,106971],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[34,106973,106975],{"className":36,"code":106974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106976,106977,106997,107017,107021,107040,107050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106980,3161],{"class":49},[43,106982,98],{"class":97},[43,106984,11110],{"class":53},[43,106986,154],{"class":104},[43,106988,108],{"class":53},[43,106990,1525],{"class":104},[43,106992,108],{"class":53},[43,106994,1530],{"class":104},[43,106996,9928],{"class":53},[43,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107000,3189],{"class":49},[43,107002,98],{"class":97},[43,107004,11110],{"class":53},[43,107006,201],{"class":104},[43,107008,108],{"class":53},[43,107010,1530],{"class":104},[43,107012,108],{"class":53},[43,107014,3064],{"class":104},[43,107016,9928],{"class":53},[43,107018,107019],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107020,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107022,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107034,107036,107038],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107024,2836],{"class":49},[43,107026,98],{"class":97},[43,107028,57515],{"class":49},[43,107030,79],{"class":53},[43,107032,107033],{"class":148},"intersection",[43,107035,145],{"class":53},[43,107037,279],{"class":148},[43,107039,346],{"class":53},[43,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107043,142],{"class":141},[43,107045,145],{"class":53},[43,107047,2871],{"class":148},[43,107049,346],{"class":53},[43,107051,107052],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,107053,107054],{"class":165},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,107056,230,107057,107059],{},[18,107058,103181],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[81,107061,13621,107063,13624],{"id":107062},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,107064,103181],{},[14,107066,107067,107069],{},[18,107068,103181],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,107071,387],{},[389,107073,107074,107077,107079,107082],{},[392,107075,107076],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[392,107078,100951],{},[392,107080,107081],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[392,107083,107084],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,107086,96714,107087,79],{},[269,107088,96718],{"href":96717},[81,107090,2763],{"id":2762},[34,107092,107094],{"className":36,"code":107093,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,107095,107096],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107097,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107099,100975],{"class":49},[43,107101,79],{"class":53},[43,107103,107033],{"class":148},[43,107105,145],{"class":53},[43,107107,100984],{"class":148},[43,107109,346],{"class":53},[14,107111,107112],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[34,107114,107116],{"className":36,"code":107115,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,107117,107118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107119,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107121,100975],{"class":49},[43,107123,79],{"class":53},[43,107125,107033],{"class":148},[43,107127,145],{"class":53},[43,107129,100984],{"class":148},[43,107131,108],{"class":53},[43,107133,101011],{"class":148},[43,107135,346],{"class":53},[14,107137,107138],{},"Important notes:",[389,107140,107141,107144,107147],{},[392,107142,107143],{},"The result is always a new set",[392,107145,107146],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[392,107148,107149],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,107151,494],{},[34,107153,107155],{"className":36,"code":107154,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107156,107157,107181,107201,107205,107223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107158,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107160,3161],{"class":49},[43,107162,98],{"class":97},[43,107164,11110],{"class":53},[43,107166,154],{"class":104},[43,107168,108],{"class":53},[43,107170,1525],{"class":104},[43,107172,108],{"class":53},[43,107174,1530],{"class":104},[43,107176,108],{"class":53},[43,107178,3064],{"class":104},[43,107180,9928],{"class":53},[43,107182,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107184,3189],{"class":49},[43,107186,98],{"class":97},[43,107188,11110],{"class":53},[43,107190,181],{"class":104},[43,107192,108],{"class":53},[43,107194,3064],{"class":104},[43,107196,108],{"class":53},[43,107198,5221],{"class":104},[43,107200,9928],{"class":53},[43,107202,107203],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107204,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107206,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107208,2836],{"class":49},[43,107210,98],{"class":97},[43,107212,57515],{"class":49},[43,107214,79],{"class":53},[43,107216,107033],{"class":148},[43,107218,145],{"class":53},[43,107220,279],{"class":148},[43,107222,346],{"class":53},[43,107224,107225,107227,107229,107231],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107226,142],{"class":141},[43,107228,145],{"class":53},[43,107230,2871],{"class":148},[43,107232,346],{"class":53},[14,107234,349],{},[34,107236,107238],{"className":36,"code":107237,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{3, 4}\n",[18,107239,107240],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107241,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107243,9897],{"class":53},[43,107245,181],{"class":104},[43,107247,108],{"class":53},[43,107249,3064],{"class":104},[43,107251,9928],{"class":53},[81,107253,18040],{"id":18039},[14,107255,107256,22597,107258,79],{},[18,107257,103181],{},[76,107259,6902],{},[14,107261,107262],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[34,107264,107266],{"className":36,"code":107265,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,107267,107268,107288,107308,107312,107330,107334,107344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107269,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107271,3161],{"class":49},[43,107273,98],{"class":97},[43,107275,11110],{"class":53},[43,107277,154],{"class":104},[43,107279,108],{"class":53},[43,107281,1525],{"class":104},[43,107283,108],{"class":53},[43,107285,1530],{"class":104},[43,107287,9928],{"class":53},[43,107289,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107291,3189],{"class":49},[43,107293,98],{"class":97},[43,107295,11110],{"class":53},[43,107297,201],{"class":104},[43,107299,108],{"class":53},[43,107301,1530],{"class":104},[43,107303,108],{"class":53},[43,107305,3064],{"class":104},[43,107307,9928],{"class":53},[43,107309,107310],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107311,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107313,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107315,2836],{"class":49},[43,107317,98],{"class":97},[43,107319,57515],{"class":49},[43,107321,79],{"class":53},[43,107323,107033],{"class":148},[43,107325,145],{"class":53},[43,107327,279],{"class":148},[43,107329,346],{"class":53},[43,107331,107332],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107333,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107335,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,107337,142],{"class":141},[43,107339,145],{"class":53},[43,107341,2871],{"class":148},[43,107343,346],{"class":53},[43,107345,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,107347,142],{"class":141},[43,107349,145],{"class":53},[43,107351,3832],{"class":3510},[43,107353,145],{"class":53},[43,107355,2871],{"class":148},[43,107357,2377],{"class":53},[14,107359,349],{},[34,107361,107363],{"className":36,"code":107362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,107364,107365,107377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107366,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107368,9897],{"class":53},[43,107370,201],{"class":104},[43,107372,108],{"class":53},[43,107374,1530],{"class":104},[43,107376,9928],{"class":53},[43,107378,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107380,3901],{"class":97},[43,107382,3904],{"class":2671},[43,107384,370],{"class":264},[43,107386,6902],{"class":268},[43,107388,361],{"class":264},[43,107390,3913],{"class":97},[14,107392,86199],{},[389,107394,107395,107398],{},[392,107396,107397],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[392,107399,107400],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[81,107402,12097],{"id":12096},[14,107404,107405],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[34,107407,107409],{"className":36,"code":107408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,107410,107411,107444,107477,107481,107502,107506],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107412,107413,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107414,107415],{"class":49},"colors1 ",[43,107417,98],{"class":97},[43,107419,11110],{"class":53},[43,107421,265],{"class":264},[43,107423,13717],{"class":268},[43,107425,265],{"class":264},[43,107427,108],{"class":53},[43,107429,276],{"class":264},[43,107431,13734],{"class":268},[43,107433,265],{"class":264},[43,107435,108],{"class":53},[43,107437,276],{"class":264},[43,107439,18077],{"class":268},[43,107441,265],{"class":264},[43,107443,9928],{"class":53},[43,107445,107446,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107447,107448],{"class":49},"colors2 ",[43,107450,98],{"class":97},[43,107452,11110],{"class":53},[43,107454,265],{"class":264},[43,107456,18077],{"class":268},[43,107458,265],{"class":264},[43,107460,108],{"class":53},[43,107462,276],{"class":264},[43,107464,23146],{"class":268},[43,107466,265],{"class":264},[43,107468,108],{"class":53},[43,107470,276],{"class":264},[43,107472,13734],{"class":268},[43,107474,265],{"class":264},[43,107476,9928],{"class":53},[43,107478,107479],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107480,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107482,107483,107486,107488,107491,107493,107495,107497,107500],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107484,107485],{"class":49},"common_colors ",[43,107487,98],{"class":97},[43,107489,107490],{"class":49}," colors1",[43,107492,79],{"class":53},[43,107494,107033],{"class":148},[43,107496,145],{"class":53},[43,107498,107499],{"class":148},"colors2",[43,107501,346],{"class":53},[43,107503,107504],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107505,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107507,107508,107510,107512,107515],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,107509,142],{"class":141},[43,107511,145],{"class":53},[43,107513,107514],{"class":148},"common_colors",[43,107516,346],{"class":53},[14,107518,349],{},[34,107520,107522],{"className":36,"code":107521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107523,107524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107525,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107527,9897],{"class":53},[43,107529,361],{"class":264},[43,107531,13734],{"class":268},[43,107533,361],{"class":264},[43,107535,108],{"class":53},[43,107537,370],{"class":264},[43,107539,18077],{"class":268},[43,107541,361],{"class":264},[43,107543,9928],{"class":53},[14,107545,12306],{},[389,107547,107548,107554,107558,107563],{},[392,107549,107550,107553],{},[18,107551,107552],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[392,107555,107556,107553],{},[18,107557,107499],{},[392,107559,107560,107562],{},[18,107561,103181],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[392,107564,107565,107566],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107567,107514],{},[81,107569,2445,107571,101548],{"id":107570},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107572,103181],{},[14,107574,107575,107576,79],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107577,103181],{},[14,107579,107580,107581,107583],{},"Only the values found in ",[76,107582,4328],{}," inputs will be kept.",[34,107585,107587],{"className":36,"code":107586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107588,107589,107613,107637,107657,107661,107683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107592,3161],{"class":49},[43,107594,98],{"class":97},[43,107596,11110],{"class":53},[43,107598,154],{"class":104},[43,107600,108],{"class":53},[43,107602,1525],{"class":104},[43,107604,108],{"class":53},[43,107606,1530],{"class":104},[43,107608,108],{"class":53},[43,107610,3064],{"class":104},[43,107612,9928],{"class":53},[43,107614,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107616,3189],{"class":49},[43,107618,98],{"class":97},[43,107620,11110],{"class":53},[43,107622,201],{"class":104},[43,107624,108],{"class":53},[43,107626,1530],{"class":104},[43,107628,108],{"class":53},[43,107630,3064],{"class":104},[43,107632,108],{"class":53},[43,107634,5221],{"class":104},[43,107636,9928],{"class":53},[43,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107640,83573],{"class":49},[43,107642,98],{"class":97},[43,107644,11110],{"class":53},[43,107646,181],{"class":104},[43,107648,108],{"class":53},[43,107650,3064],{"class":104},[43,107652,108],{"class":53},[43,107654,38271],{"class":104},[43,107656,9928],{"class":53},[43,107658,107659],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107660,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107662,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107664,2836],{"class":49},[43,107666,98],{"class":97},[43,107668,57515],{"class":49},[43,107670,79],{"class":53},[43,107672,107033],{"class":148},[43,107674,145],{"class":53},[43,107676,279],{"class":148},[43,107678,108],{"class":53},[43,107680,10301],{"class":148},[43,107682,346],{"class":53},[43,107684,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,107686,142],{"class":141},[43,107688,145],{"class":53},[43,107690,2871],{"class":148},[43,107692,346],{"class":53},[14,107694,349],{},[34,107696,107697],{"className":36,"code":107237,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,107698,107699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107700,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107702,9897],{"class":53},[43,107704,181],{"class":104},[43,107706,108],{"class":53},[43,107708,3064],{"class":104},[43,107710,9928],{"class":53},[14,107712,107713],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107715,107716],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[34,107718,107720],{"className":36,"code":107719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107721,107722,107746,107750,107790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107725,3161],{"class":49},[43,107727,98],{"class":97},[43,107729,11110],{"class":53},[43,107731,154],{"class":104},[43,107733,108],{"class":53},[43,107735,1525],{"class":104},[43,107737,108],{"class":53},[43,107739,1530],{"class":104},[43,107741,108],{"class":53},[43,107743,3064],{"class":104},[43,107745,9928],{"class":53},[43,107747,107748],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107749,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107751,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107753,2836],{"class":49},[43,107755,98],{"class":97},[43,107757,57515],{"class":49},[43,107759,79],{"class":53},[43,107761,107033],{"class":148},[43,107763,3595],{"class":53},[43,107765,201],{"class":104},[43,107767,108],{"class":53},[43,107769,3064],{"class":104},[43,107771,108],{"class":53},[43,107773,38271],{"class":104},[43,107775,18684],{"class":53},[43,107777,9855],{"class":53},[43,107779,154],{"class":104},[43,107781,108],{"class":53},[43,107783,1525],{"class":104},[43,107785,108],{"class":53},[43,107787,3064],{"class":104},[43,107789,2377],{"class":53},[43,107791,107792,107794,107796,107798],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107793,142],{"class":141},[43,107795,145],{"class":53},[43,107797,2871],{"class":148},[43,107799,346],{"class":53},[14,107801,349],{},[34,107803,107805],{"className":36,"code":107804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107806,107807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107808,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107810,9897],{"class":53},[43,107812,201],{"class":104},[43,107814,108],{"class":53},[43,107816,3064],{"class":104},[43,107818,9928],{"class":53},[81,107820,107822,11205,107824],{"id":107821},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107823,103181],{},[18,107825,107826],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107828,101718],{},[1499,107830,107831],{"id":107033},[18,107832,103181],{},[389,107834,107835,107837],{},[392,107836,101727],{},[392,107838,101730],{},[34,107840,107842],{"className":36,"code":107841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107843,107844,107864,107884,107888,107906,107910,107920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107845,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107847,3161],{"class":49},[43,107849,98],{"class":97},[43,107851,11110],{"class":53},[43,107853,154],{"class":104},[43,107855,108],{"class":53},[43,107857,1525],{"class":104},[43,107859,108],{"class":53},[43,107861,1530],{"class":104},[43,107863,9928],{"class":53},[43,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107867,3189],{"class":49},[43,107869,98],{"class":97},[43,107871,11110],{"class":53},[43,107873,201],{"class":104},[43,107875,108],{"class":53},[43,107877,1530],{"class":104},[43,107879,108],{"class":53},[43,107881,3064],{"class":104},[43,107883,9928],{"class":53},[43,107885,107886],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,107887,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,107891,2836],{"class":49},[43,107893,98],{"class":97},[43,107895,57515],{"class":49},[43,107897,79],{"class":53},[43,107899,107033],{"class":148},[43,107901,145],{"class":53},[43,107903,279],{"class":148},[43,107905,346],{"class":53},[43,107907,107908],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,107909,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,107913,142],{"class":141},[43,107915,145],{"class":53},[43,107917,269],{"class":148},[43,107919,346],{"class":53},[43,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,107923,142],{"class":141},[43,107925,145],{"class":53},[43,107927,2871],{"class":148},[43,107929,346],{"class":53},[14,107931,349],{},[34,107933,107935],{"className":36,"code":107934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107936,107937,107953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107938,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107940,9897],{"class":53},[43,107942,154],{"class":104},[43,107944,108],{"class":53},[43,107946,1525],{"class":104},[43,107948,108],{"class":53},[43,107950,1530],{"class":104},[43,107952,9928],{"class":53},[43,107954,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,107956,9897],{"class":53},[43,107958,201],{"class":104},[43,107960,108],{"class":53},[43,107962,1530],{"class":104},[43,107964,9928],{"class":53},[1499,107966,107968],{"id":107967},"intersection_update",[18,107969,107826],{},[389,107971,107972,107974],{},[392,107973,101870],{},[392,107975,107976],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[34,107978,107980],{"className":36,"code":107979,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107981,107982,108002,108022,108026,108040,108044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107983,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107985,3161],{"class":49},[43,107987,98],{"class":97},[43,107989,11110],{"class":53},[43,107991,154],{"class":104},[43,107993,108],{"class":53},[43,107995,1525],{"class":104},[43,107997,108],{"class":53},[43,107999,1530],{"class":104},[43,108001,9928],{"class":53},[43,108003,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108005,3189],{"class":49},[43,108007,98],{"class":97},[43,108009,11110],{"class":53},[43,108011,201],{"class":104},[43,108013,108],{"class":53},[43,108015,1530],{"class":104},[43,108017,108],{"class":53},[43,108019,3064],{"class":104},[43,108021,9928],{"class":53},[43,108023,108024],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108025,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108027,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108029,269],{"class":49},[43,108031,79],{"class":53},[43,108033,107967],{"class":148},[43,108035,145],{"class":53},[43,108037,279],{"class":148},[43,108039,346],{"class":53},[43,108041,108042],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,108043,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108045,108046,108048,108050,108052],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,108047,142],{"class":141},[43,108049,145],{"class":53},[43,108051,269],{"class":148},[43,108053,346],{"class":53},[14,108055,349],{},[34,108057,108059],{"className":36,"code":108058,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 3}\n",[18,108060,108061],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108062,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108064,9897],{"class":53},[43,108066,201],{"class":104},[43,108068,108],{"class":53},[43,108070,1530],{"class":104},[43,108072,9928],{"class":53},[14,108074,108075,108076,108078],{},"Choose ",[18,108077,103181],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[81,108080,5134],{"id":5133},[14,108082,15358,108083,59],{},[18,108084,103181],{},[389,108086,108087,108090,108093,108096],{},[392,108088,108089],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[392,108091,108092],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[392,108094,108095],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[392,108097,108098,108099],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,108100,103181],{},[14,108102,108103],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[389,108105,108106,108111,108114,108127],{},[392,108107,2445,108108,108110],{},[18,108109,103181],{}," when order matters",[392,108112,108113],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[392,108115,1860,108116,1863,108118,3486,108123],{},[18,108117,103181],{},[269,108119,108121],{"href":108120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,108122,103189],{},[269,108124,108125],{"href":103230},[18,108126,100804],{},[392,108128,108129],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,108131,30761],{},[34,108133,108135],{"className":36,"code":108134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,108136,108137,108147,108161,108179],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108138,108139,108141,108143,108145],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108140,142],{"class":141},[43,108142,145],{"class":53},[43,108144,16289],{"class":148},[43,108146,346],{"class":53},[43,108148,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108150,142],{"class":141},[43,108152,145],{"class":53},[43,108154,3832],{"class":3510},[43,108156,145],{"class":53},[43,108158,2871],{"class":148},[43,108160,2377],{"class":53},[43,108162,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108164,142],{"class":141},[43,108166,145],{"class":53},[43,108168,100975],{"class":148},[43,108170,79],{"class":53},[43,108172,107033],{"class":148},[43,108174,145],{"class":53},[43,108176,100984],{"class":148},[43,108178,2377],{"class":53},[43,108180,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108182,142],{"class":141},[43,108184,145],{"class":53},[43,108186,2370],{"class":141},[43,108188,145],{"class":53},[43,108190,2871],{"class":148},[43,108192,2377],{"class":53},[14,108194,494],{},[34,108196,108198],{"className":36,"code":108197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,108199,108200,108224,108244,108248,108266,108270,108280,108290,108304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108201,108202,108204,108206,108208,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220,108222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108203,94],{"class":49},[43,108205,98],{"class":97},[43,108207,11110],{"class":53},[43,108209,154],{"class":104},[43,108211,108],{"class":53},[43,108213,1525],{"class":104},[43,108215,108],{"class":53},[43,108217,1525],{"class":104},[43,108219,108],{"class":53},[43,108221,1530],{"class":104},[43,108223,9928],{"class":53},[43,108225,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108227,44175],{"class":49},[43,108229,98],{"class":97},[43,108231,11110],{"class":53},[43,108233,201],{"class":104},[43,108235,108],{"class":53},[43,108237,1530],{"class":104},[43,108239,108],{"class":53},[43,108241,3064],{"class":104},[43,108243,9928],{"class":53},[43,108245,108246],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108247,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108249,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108251,2836],{"class":49},[43,108253,98],{"class":97},[43,108255,2071],{"class":49},[43,108257,79],{"class":53},[43,108259,107033],{"class":148},[43,108261,145],{"class":53},[43,108263,31369],{"class":148},[43,108265,346],{"class":53},[43,108267,108268],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,108269,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108271,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,108273,142],{"class":141},[43,108275,145],{"class":53},[43,108277,149],{"class":148},[43,108279,346],{"class":53},[43,108281,108282,108284,108286,108288],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,108283,142],{"class":141},[43,108285,145],{"class":53},[43,108287,2871],{"class":148},[43,108289,346],{"class":53},[43,108291,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,108293,142],{"class":141},[43,108295,145],{"class":53},[43,108297,3832],{"class":3510},[43,108299,145],{"class":53},[43,108301,2871],{"class":148},[43,108303,2377],{"class":53},[43,108305,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,108307,142],{"class":141},[43,108309,145],{"class":53},[43,108311,2370],{"class":141},[43,108313,145],{"class":53},[43,108315,2871],{"class":148},[43,108317,2377],{"class":53},[14,108319,349],{},[34,108321,108323],{"className":36,"code":108322,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,108324,108325,108341,108353,108367],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108326,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108328,9897],{"class":53},[43,108330,154],{"class":104},[43,108332,108],{"class":53},[43,108334,1525],{"class":104},[43,108336,108],{"class":53},[43,108338,1530],{"class":104},[43,108340,9928],{"class":53},[43,108342,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108344,9897],{"class":53},[43,108346,201],{"class":104},[43,108348,108],{"class":53},[43,108350,1530],{"class":104},[43,108352,9928],{"class":53},[43,108354,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108356,3901],{"class":97},[43,108358,3904],{"class":2671},[43,108360,370],{"class":264},[43,108362,6902],{"class":268},[43,108364,361],{"class":264},[43,108366,3913],{"class":97},[43,108368,108369],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108370,17678],{"class":104},[14,108372,108373,108374,108376],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,108375,201],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[81,108378,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,108380,13328,108382,103129],{"id":108381},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,108383,103181],{},[14,108385,103132],{},[1499,108387,5784,108389,108391],{"id":108388},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,108390,103181],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108393,108394],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1499,108396,108398],{"id":108397},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108400,108401],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1499,108403,108405],{"id":108404},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108407,108408],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[34,108410,108411],{"className":36,"code":97848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,108412,108413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108414,108415,108417],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108416,6902],{"class":3510},[43,108418,9262],{"class":53},[81,108420,2497],{"id":2496},[389,108422,108423,108427,108434,108440],{},[392,108424,108425],{},[269,108426,96718],{"href":96717},[392,108428,108429],{},[269,108430,4187,108431,11361],{"href":108120},[18,108432,108433],{},"set.union()",[392,108435,108436],{},[269,108437,4187,108438,11361],{"href":103230},[18,108439,100809],{},[392,108441,108442],{},[269,108443,100734],{"href":105733},[2536,108445,108446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":108448},[108449,108451,108452,108453,108454,108456,108461,108462,108470],{"id":107062,"depth":131,"text":108450},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":107570,"depth":131,"text":108455},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107821,"depth":131,"text":108457,"children":108458},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108459,108460],{"id":107033,"depth":138,"text":103181},{"id":107967,"depth":138,"text":107826},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":108463},[108464,108466,108468,108469],{"id":108381,"depth":138,"text":108465},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108388,"depth":138,"text":108467},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108397,"depth":138,"text":108398},{"id":108404,"depth":138,"text":108405},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106955,"description":108471},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108478,"title":108479,"body":108480,"description":109716,"extension":2572,"meta":109717,"navigation":134,"path":109718,"seo":109719,"stem":109720,"__hash__":109721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108481,"toc":109683},[108482,108487,108493,108502,108504,108579,108584,108599,108609,108614,108618,108631,108635,108637,108652,108654,108670,108672,108747,108751,108754,108756,108773,108778,108833,108838,108850,108854,108857,108958,108960,109001,109004,109008,109015,109017,109042,109045,109063,109070,109076,109079,109161,109168,109171,109251,109260,109263,109268,109272,109286,109335,109340,109344,109355,109404,109415,109420,109424,109436,109485,109496,109498,109502,109525,109527,109584,109586,109600,109602,109608,109614,109620,109629,109633,109640,109644,109652,109654,109680],[10,108483,96590,108485,11943],{"id":108484},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108486,13387],{},[14,108488,108489,108492],{},[18,108490,108491],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108494,108495,108496,108498,108499,108501],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[76,108497,1957],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108500,13387],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[81,108503,84],{"id":83},[34,108505,108507],{"className":36,"code":108506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108508,108509,108541,108555,108559,108569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108510,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108512,8398],{"class":49},[43,108514,98],{"class":97},[43,108516,11110],{"class":53},[43,108518,265],{"class":264},[43,108520,4694],{"class":268},[43,108522,265],{"class":264},[43,108524,108],{"class":53},[43,108526,276],{"class":264},[43,108528,4703],{"class":268},[43,108530,265],{"class":264},[43,108532,108],{"class":53},[43,108534,276],{"class":264},[43,108536,4712],{"class":268},[43,108538,265],{"class":264},[43,108540,9928],{"class":53},[43,108542,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108544,70555],{"class":49},[43,108546,98],{"class":97},[43,108548,704],{"class":49},[43,108550,79],{"class":53},[43,108552,26865],{"class":148},[43,108554,9262],{"class":53},[43,108556,108557],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108558,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108560,108561,108563,108565,108567],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108562,142],{"class":141},[43,108564,145],{"class":53},[43,108566,70578],{"class":148},[43,108568,346],{"class":53},[43,108570,108571,108573,108575,108577],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,108572,142],{"class":141},[43,108574,145],{"class":53},[43,108576,8427],{"class":148},[43,108578,346],{"class":53},[14,108580,108581],{},[76,108582,108583],{},"What this does:",[389,108585,108586,108591,108596],{},[392,108587,108588,108589],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108590,8427],{},[392,108592,108593,108594],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108595,70578],{},[392,108597,108598],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108600,108601,89350,108603,108605,108606,108608],{},[76,108602,84208],{},[18,108604,108491],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[76,108607,1957],{}," chosen by index.",[81,108610,4289,108612,4292],{"id":108611},"what-setpop-does",[18,108613,108491],{},[14,108615,108616,59],{},[18,108617,108491],{},[389,108619,108620,108622,108625,108628],{},[392,108621,103432],{},[392,108623,108624],{},"Returns the removed item",[392,108626,108627],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[392,108629,108630],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108632,96714,108633,79],{},[269,108634,96718],{"href":97889},[81,108636,2763],{"id":2762},[34,108638,108640],{"className":36,"code":108639,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108641,108642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108643,108644,108646,108648,108650],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108645,16289],{"class":49},[43,108647,79],{"class":53},[43,108649,26865],{"class":148},[43,108651,9262],{"class":53},[14,108653,387],{},[389,108655,108656,108662,108667],{},[392,108657,108658,108659],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108660,108661],{},"my_set.pop()",[392,108663,108664,108665],{},"It takes ",[76,108666,29313],{},[392,108668,108669],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108671,494],{},[34,108673,108675],{"className":36,"code":108674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108676,108677,108709,108723,108727,108737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108678,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108680,13700],{"class":49},[43,108682,98],{"class":97},[43,108684,11110],{"class":53},[43,108686,265],{"class":264},[43,108688,13717],{"class":268},[43,108690,265],{"class":264},[43,108692,108],{"class":53},[43,108694,276],{"class":264},[43,108696,13734],{"class":268},[43,108698,265],{"class":264},[43,108700,108],{"class":53},[43,108702,276],{"class":264},[43,108704,18077],{"class":268},[43,108706,265],{"class":264},[43,108708,9928],{"class":53},[43,108710,108711,108713,108715,108717,108719,108721],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108712,29163],{"class":49},[43,108714,98],{"class":97},[43,108716,13748],{"class":49},[43,108718,79],{"class":53},[43,108720,26865],{"class":148},[43,108722,9262],{"class":53},[43,108724,108725],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108726,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108728,108729,108731,108733,108735],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108730,142],{"class":141},[43,108732,145],{"class":53},[43,108734,23933],{"class":148},[43,108736,346],{"class":53},[43,108738,108739,108741,108743,108745],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,108740,142],{"class":141},[43,108742,145],{"class":53},[43,108744,18124],{"class":148},[43,108746,346],{"class":53},[81,108748,108750],{"id":108749},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108752,108753],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108755,2713],{},[389,108757,108758,108764,108767],{},[392,108759,108760,108761,108763],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108762,13387],{}," removes",[392,108765,108766],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[392,108768,108769,108770,108772],{},"You should not use ",[18,108771,13387],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108774,11080,108775,108777],{},[76,108776,1957],{}," valid:",[34,108779,108781],{"className":36,"code":108780,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108782,108783,108815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108784,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108786,36867],{"class":49},[43,108788,98],{"class":97},[43,108790,11110],{"class":53},[43,108792,265],{"class":264},[43,108794,4694],{"class":268},[43,108796,265],{"class":264},[43,108798,108],{"class":53},[43,108800,276],{"class":264},[43,108802,4703],{"class":268},[43,108804,265],{"class":264},[43,108806,108],{"class":53},[43,108808,276],{"class":264},[43,108810,4712],{"class":268},[43,108812,265],{"class":264},[43,108814,9928],{"class":53},[43,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108818,36919],{"class":49},[43,108820,79],{"class":53},[43,108822,26865],{"class":148},[43,108824,145],{"class":53},[43,108826,265],{"class":264},[43,108828,4694],{"class":268},[43,108830,265],{"class":264},[43,108832,346],{"class":53},[14,108834,40281,108835,108837],{},[18,108836,108491],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108839,108840,108841,3486,108845,79],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[269,108842,108843],{"href":98599},[18,108844,103258],{},[269,108846,108848],{"href":108847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108849,103249],{},[81,108851,108853],{"id":108852},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108855,108856],{},"Here is a simple example:",[34,108858,108860],{"className":36,"code":108859,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108861,108862,108896,108900,108916,108920,108939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108863,108864,108867,108869,108871,108873,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889,108892,108894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108865,108866],{"class":49},"animals ",[43,108868,98],{"class":97},[43,108870,11110],{"class":53},[43,108872,265],{"class":264},[43,108874,37675],{"class":268},[43,108876,265],{"class":264},[43,108878,108],{"class":53},[43,108880,276],{"class":264},[43,108882,58753],{"class":268},[43,108884,265],{"class":264},[43,108886,108],{"class":53},[43,108888,276],{"class":264},[43,108890,108891],{"class":268},"rabbit",[43,108893,265],{"class":264},[43,108895,9928],{"class":53},[43,108897,108898],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108901,108902,108905,108907,108910,108912,108914],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,108903,108904],{"class":49},"removed_animal ",[43,108906,98],{"class":97},[43,108908,108909],{"class":49}," animals",[43,108911,79],{"class":53},[43,108913,26865],{"class":148},[43,108915,9262],{"class":53},[43,108917,108918],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,108919,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108937],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,108923,142],{"class":141},[43,108925,145],{"class":53},[43,108927,265],{"class":264},[43,108929,29581],{"class":268},[43,108931,265],{"class":264},[43,108933,108],{"class":53},[43,108935,108936],{"class":148}," removed_animal",[43,108938,346],{"class":53},[43,108940,108941,108943,108945,108947,108950,108952,108954,108956],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,108942,142],{"class":141},[43,108944,145],{"class":53},[43,108946,265],{"class":264},[43,108948,108949],{"class":268},"Updated set:",[43,108951,265],{"class":264},[43,108953,108],{"class":53},[43,108955,108909],{"class":148},[43,108957,346],{"class":53},[14,108959,30655],{},[34,108961,108963],{"className":36,"code":108962,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108964,108965,108974],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108966,108967,108969,108971],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108968,29623],{"class":49},[43,108970,59],{"class":53},[43,108972,108973],{"class":49}," dog\n",[43,108975,108976,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,108977,108978],{"class":49},"Updated ",[43,108980,6902],{"class":3510},[43,108982,59],{"class":53},[43,108984,11110],{"class":53},[43,108986,361],{"class":264},[43,108988,37675],{"class":268},[43,108990,361],{"class":264},[43,108992,108],{"class":53},[43,108994,370],{"class":264},[43,108996,108891],{"class":268},[43,108998,361],{"class":264},[43,109000,9928],{"class":53},[14,109002,109003],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[81,109005,109007],{"id":109006},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,109009,30275,109010,109012,109013,79],{},[18,109011,13387],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,109014,20309],{},[14,109016,494],{},[34,109018,109020],{"className":36,"code":109019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,109021,109022,109032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109023,109024,109026,109028,109030],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109025,8398],{"class":49},[43,109027,98],{"class":97},[43,109029,16256],{"class":3510},[43,109031,9262],{"class":53},[43,109033,109034,109036,109038,109040],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109035,8427],{"class":49},[43,109037,79],{"class":53},[43,109039,26865],{"class":148},[43,109041,9262],{"class":53},[14,109043,109044],{},"This raises:",[34,109046,109048],{"className":36,"code":109047,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,109049,109050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109051,109052,109054,109056,109058,109061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109053,20309],{"class":3510},[43,109055,59],{"class":53},[43,109057,370],{"class":264},[43,109059,109060],{"class":268},"pop from an empty set",[43,109062,30325],{"class":264},[14,109064,109065,109066,109069],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[269,109067,109068],{"href":11695},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1499,109071,109073,109074],{"id":109072},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,109075,13387],{},[14,109077,109078],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[34,109080,109082],{"className":36,"code":109081,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,109083,109084,109094,109098,109106,109121,109140,109146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109085,109086,109088,109090,109092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109087,8398],{"class":49},[43,109089,98],{"class":97},[43,109091,16256],{"class":3510},[43,109093,9262],{"class":53},[43,109095,109096],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109097,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,109099,109100,109102,109104],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109101,7614],{"class":4491},[43,109103,704],{"class":49},[43,109105,7009],{"class":53},[43,109107,109108,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,109109,109110],{"class":49},"    removed ",[43,109112,98],{"class":97},[43,109114,704],{"class":49},[43,109116,79],{"class":53},[43,109118,26865],{"class":148},[43,109120,9262],{"class":53},[43,109122,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109138],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,109124,8687],{"class":141},[43,109126,145],{"class":53},[43,109128,265],{"class":264},[43,109130,29581],{"class":268},[43,109132,265],{"class":264},[43,109134,108],{"class":53},[43,109136,109137],{"class":148}," removed",[43,109139,346],{"class":53},[43,109141,109142,109144],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,109143,28058],{"class":4491},[43,109145,7009],{"class":53},[43,109147,109148,109150,109152,109154,109157,109159],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,109149,8687],{"class":141},[43,109151,145],{"class":53},[43,109153,265],{"class":264},[43,109155,109156],{"class":268},"The set is empty.",[43,109158,265],{"class":264},[43,109160,346],{"class":53},[1499,109162,230,109164,1233,109166],{"id":109163},"use-try-and-except",[18,109165,30429],{},[18,109167,30460],{},[14,109169,109170],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[34,109172,109174],{"className":36,"code":109173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,109175,109176,109186,109190,109196,109210,109228,109236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109179,8398],{"class":49},[43,109181,98],{"class":97},[43,109183,16256],{"class":3510},[43,109185,9262],{"class":53},[43,109187,109188],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109189,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,109191,109192,109194],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109193,30429],{"class":4491},[43,109195,7009],{"class":53},[43,109197,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,109199,109110],{"class":49},[43,109201,98],{"class":97},[43,109203,704],{"class":49},[43,109205,79],{"class":53},[43,109207,26865],{"class":148},[43,109209,9262],{"class":53},[43,109211,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,109213,8687],{"class":141},[43,109215,145],{"class":53},[43,109217,265],{"class":264},[43,109219,29581],{"class":268},[43,109221,265],{"class":264},[43,109223,108],{"class":53},[43,109225,109137],{"class":148},[43,109227,346],{"class":53},[43,109229,109230,109232,109234],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,109231,30460],{"class":4491},[43,109233,30463],{"class":3510},[43,109235,7009],{"class":53},[43,109237,109238,109240,109242,109244,109247,109249],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,109239,8687],{"class":141},[43,109241,145],{"class":53},[43,109243,265],{"class":264},[43,109245,109246],{"class":268},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[43,109248,265],{"class":264},[43,109250,346],{"class":53},[81,109252,5576,109254,11205,109256,11205,109258],{"id":109253},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,109255,13387],{},[18,109257,56157],{},[18,109259,103244],{},[14,109261,109262],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1499,109264,230,109266],{"id":109265},"use-pop",[18,109267,13387],{},[14,109269,230,109270,11221],{},[18,109271,13387],{},[389,109273,109274,109280,109283],{},[392,109275,109276,109277],{},"You want to remove ",[76,109278,109279],{},"any one item",[392,109281,109282],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[392,109284,109285],{},"You want the removed item returned",[34,109287,109289],{"className":36,"code":109288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,109290,109291,109311,109325],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109292,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109294,94],{"class":49},[43,109296,98],{"class":97},[43,109298,11110],{"class":53},[43,109300,154],{"class":104},[43,109302,108],{"class":53},[43,109304,1525],{"class":104},[43,109306,108],{"class":53},[43,109308,1530],{"class":104},[43,109310,9928],{"class":53},[43,109312,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109314,3054],{"class":49},[43,109316,98],{"class":97},[43,109318,2071],{"class":49},[43,109320,79],{"class":53},[43,109322,26865],{"class":148},[43,109324,9262],{"class":53},[43,109326,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109328,142],{"class":141},[43,109330,145],{"class":53},[43,109332,3080],{"class":148},[43,109334,346],{"class":53},[1499,109336,230,109338],{"id":109337},"use-remove",[18,109339,56157],{},[14,109341,230,109342,11221],{},[18,109343,56157],{},[389,109345,109346,109352],{},[392,109347,109348,109349],{},"You want to delete a ",[76,109350,109351],{},"specific item",[392,109353,109354],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[34,109356,109358],{"className":36,"code":109357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109359,109360,109380,109394],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109361,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109363,94],{"class":49},[43,109365,98],{"class":97},[43,109367,11110],{"class":53},[43,109369,154],{"class":104},[43,109371,108],{"class":53},[43,109373,1525],{"class":104},[43,109375,108],{"class":53},[43,109377,1530],{"class":104},[43,109379,9928],{"class":53},[43,109381,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109383,149],{"class":49},[43,109385,79],{"class":53},[43,109387,35423],{"class":148},[43,109389,145],{"class":53},[43,109391,201],{"class":104},[43,109393,346],{"class":53},[43,109395,109396,109398,109400,109402],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109397,142],{"class":141},[43,109399,145],{"class":53},[43,109401,149],{"class":148},[43,109403,346],{"class":53},[14,109405,109406,109407,109409,109410,109414],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,109408,56157],{}," raises an error. See the ",[269,109411,109412,11361],{"href":98599},[18,109413,103258],{}," for details.",[1499,109416,230,109418],{"id":109417},"use-discard",[18,109419,103244],{},[14,109421,230,109422,11221],{},[18,109423,103244],{},[389,109425,109426,109430],{},[392,109427,109348,109428],{},[76,109429,109351],{},[392,109431,109432,109433,109435],{},"You do ",[76,109434,1957],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[34,109437,109439],{"className":36,"code":109438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109440,109441,109461,109475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109442,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109444,94],{"class":49},[43,109446,98],{"class":97},[43,109448,11110],{"class":53},[43,109450,154],{"class":104},[43,109452,108],{"class":53},[43,109454,1525],{"class":104},[43,109456,108],{"class":53},[43,109458,1530],{"class":104},[43,109460,9928],{"class":53},[43,109462,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109464,149],{"class":49},[43,109466,79],{"class":53},[43,109468,103311],{"class":148},[43,109470,145],{"class":53},[43,109472,831],{"class":104},[43,109474,346],{"class":53},[43,109476,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109478,142],{"class":141},[43,109480,145],{"class":53},[43,109482,149],{"class":148},[43,109484,346],{"class":53},[14,109486,109487,109488,109490,109491,109495],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109489,831],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[269,109492,109493,11361],{"href":108847},[18,109494,103249],{}," for more examples.",[81,109497,3438],{"id":3437},[14,109499,72099,109500,59],{},[18,109501,108491],{},[389,109503,109504,109510,109515,109520],{},[392,109505,109506,109507],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109508,109509],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[392,109511,9071,109512,109514],{},[18,109513,13387],{}," to remove the first or last item",[392,109516,30275,109517,109519],{},[18,109518,13387],{}," on an empty set",[392,109521,2445,109522,109524],{},[18,109523,13387],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109526,62920],{},[34,109528,109530],{"className":36,"code":109529,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109531,109532,109542,109556,109570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109535,142],{"class":141},[43,109537,145],{"class":53},[43,109539,16289],{"class":148},[43,109541,346],{"class":53},[43,109543,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109545,142],{"class":141},[43,109547,145],{"class":53},[43,109549,2370],{"class":141},[43,109551,145],{"class":53},[43,109553,16289],{"class":148},[43,109555,2377],{"class":53},[43,109557,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109559,142],{"class":141},[43,109561,145],{"class":53},[43,109563,3832],{"class":3510},[43,109565,145],{"class":53},[43,109567,16289],{"class":148},[43,109569,2377],{"class":53},[43,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,109573,29163],{"class":49},[43,109575,98],{"class":97},[43,109577,97314],{"class":49},[43,109579,79],{"class":53},[43,109581,26865],{"class":148},[43,109583,9262],{"class":53},[14,109585,26632],{},[389,109587,109588,109591,109594,109597],{},[392,109589,109590],{},"What values are in the set",[392,109592,109593],{},"Whether the set is empty",[392,109595,109596],{},"That the object is really a set",[392,109598,109599],{},"What value was actually removed",[81,109601,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,109603,13328,109605,109607],{"id":109604},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109606,108491],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109609,109610,109611,109613],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109612,13387],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1499,109615,109617,109618,2490],{"id":109616},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109619,108491],{},[14,109621,109622,109623,109625,109626,109628],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109624,13387],{},", set ",[18,109627,13387],{}," does not accept an index.",[1499,109630,109632],{"id":109631},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109634,72268,109635,45256,109637,109639],{},[18,109636,20309],{},[18,109638,13387],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1499,109641,109643],{"id":109642},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109645,230,109646,3486,109648,11713,109650,79],{},[18,109647,56157],{},[18,109649,103244],{},[18,109651,13387],{},[81,109653,2497],{"id":2496},[389,109655,109656,109660,109666,109672,109676],{},[392,109657,109658],{},[269,109659,96718],{"href":97889},[392,109661,109662],{},[269,109663,97204,109664,11361],{"href":98599},[18,109665,56157],{},[392,109667,109668],{},[269,109669,97204,109670,11361],{"href":108847},[18,109671,103244],{},[392,109673,109674],{},[269,109675,11883],{"href":11695},[392,109677,109678],{},[269,109679,56143],{"href":55695},[2536,109681,109682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":109684},[109685,109686,109688,109689,109690,109691,109697,109706,109707,109715],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":108611,"depth":131,"text":109687},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":108749,"depth":131,"text":108750},{"id":108852,"depth":131,"text":108853},{"id":109006,"depth":131,"text":109007,"children":109692},[109693,109695],{"id":109072,"depth":138,"text":109694},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109163,"depth":138,"text":109696},"Use try and except",{"id":109253,"depth":131,"text":109698,"children":109699},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109700,109702,109704],{"id":109265,"depth":138,"text":109701},"Use pop()",{"id":109337,"depth":138,"text":109703},"Use remove()",{"id":109417,"depth":138,"text":109705},"Use discard()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":109708},[109709,109711,109713,109714],{"id":109604,"depth":138,"text":109710},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109616,"depth":138,"text":109712},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109631,"depth":138,"text":109632},{"id":109642,"depth":138,"text":109643},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108479,"description":109716},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109723,"title":109724,"body":109725,"description":110879,"extension":2572,"meta":110880,"navigation":134,"path":110881,"seo":110882,"stem":110883,"__hash__":110884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109726,"toc":110847},[109727,109732,109737,109746,109748,109813,109817,109841,109848,109853,109857,109872,109875,109877,109896,109910,109913,109961,109965,109981,109983,110056,110060,110085,110091,110099,110103,110110,110165,110170,110187,110193,110199,110204,110212,110219,110223,110231,110286,110288,110305,110309,110316,110381,110385,110418,110420,110432,110439,110441,110446,110453,110455,110524,110528,110536,110538,110602,110606,110611,110658,110663,110731,110739,110746,110749,110755,110760,110764,110766,110769,110771,110776,110781,110787,110792,110799,110807,110813,110816,110818,110844],[10,109728,96590,109730,11943],{"id":109729},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109731,56157],{},[14,109733,109734,109736],{},[18,109735,103258],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109738,109739,109740,109743,109744,79],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[76,109741,109742],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109745,20309],{},[81,109747,84],{"id":83},[34,109749,109751],{"className":36,"code":109750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109752,109753,109785,109803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109756,13700],{"class":49},[43,109758,98],{"class":97},[43,109760,11110],{"class":53},[43,109762,265],{"class":264},[43,109764,13717],{"class":268},[43,109766,265],{"class":264},[43,109768,108],{"class":53},[43,109770,276],{"class":264},[43,109772,13734],{"class":268},[43,109774,265],{"class":264},[43,109776,108],{"class":53},[43,109778,276],{"class":264},[43,109780,18077],{"class":268},[43,109782,265],{"class":264},[43,109784,9928],{"class":53},[43,109786,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109788,18124],{"class":49},[43,109790,79],{"class":53},[43,109792,35423],{"class":148},[43,109794,145],{"class":53},[43,109796,265],{"class":264},[43,109798,13734],{"class":268},[43,109800,265],{"class":264},[43,109802,346],{"class":53},[43,109804,109805,109807,109809,109811],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109806,142],{"class":141},[43,109808,145],{"class":53},[43,109810,18124],{"class":148},[43,109812,346],{"class":53},[14,109814,109815],{},[76,109816,30655],{},[34,109818,109819],{"className":36,"code":103938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109820,109821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109822,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109824,9897],{"class":53},[43,109826,361],{"class":264},[43,109828,13717],{"class":268},[43,109830,361],{"class":264},[43,109832,108],{"class":53},[43,109834,370],{"class":264},[43,109836,18077],{"class":268},[43,109838,361],{"class":264},[43,109840,9928],{"class":53},[14,109842,230,109843,109845,109846,79],{},[18,109844,56157],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109847,20309],{},[81,109849,4289,109851,4292],{"id":109850},"what-setremove-does",[18,109852,103258],{},[14,109854,109855,59],{},[18,109856,103258],{},[389,109858,109859,109862,109864,109866],{},[392,109860,109861],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[392,109863,96705],{},[392,109865,96708],{},[392,109867,109868,109869,109871],{},"Raises ",[18,109870,20309],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109873,109874],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[81,109876,2763],{"id":2762},[34,109878,109880],{"className":36,"code":109879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109881,109882],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109883,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109885,16289],{"class":49},[43,109887,79],{"class":53},[43,109889,35423],{"class":148},[43,109891,145],{"class":53},[43,109893,3080],{"class":148},[43,109895,346],{"class":53},[389,109897,109898,109902,109907],{},[392,109899,109900,103480],{},[18,109901,16289],{},[392,109903,109904,109906],{},[18,109905,3080],{}," is the item to remove",[392,109908,109909],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109911,109912],{},"Here is a small example:",[34,109914,109915],{"className":36,"code":109357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109916,109917,109937,109951],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109918,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109920,94],{"class":49},[43,109922,98],{"class":97},[43,109924,11110],{"class":53},[43,109926,154],{"class":104},[43,109928,108],{"class":53},[43,109930,1525],{"class":104},[43,109932,108],{"class":53},[43,109934,1530],{"class":104},[43,109936,9928],{"class":53},[43,109938,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,109940,149],{"class":49},[43,109942,79],{"class":53},[43,109944,35423],{"class":148},[43,109946,145],{"class":53},[43,109948,201],{"class":104},[43,109950,346],{"class":53},[43,109952,109953,109955,109957,109959],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,109954,142],{"class":141},[43,109956,145],{"class":53},[43,109958,149],{"class":148},[43,109960,346],{"class":53},[14,109962,109963],{},[76,109964,30655],{},[34,109966,109967],{"className":36,"code":101688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109968,109969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109970,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109972,9897],{"class":53},[43,109974,154],{"class":104},[43,109976,108],{"class":53},[43,109978,1530],{"class":104},[43,109980,9928],{"class":53},[81,109982,12097],{"id":12096},[34,109984,109986],{"className":36,"code":109985,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109987,109988,110020,110024,110042,110046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109989,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109991,36867],{"class":49},[43,109993,98],{"class":97},[43,109995,11110],{"class":53},[43,109997,265],{"class":264},[43,109999,4694],{"class":268},[43,110001,265],{"class":264},[43,110003,108],{"class":53},[43,110005,276],{"class":264},[43,110007,4703],{"class":268},[43,110009,265],{"class":264},[43,110011,108],{"class":53},[43,110013,276],{"class":264},[43,110015,33848],{"class":268},[43,110017,265],{"class":264},[43,110019,9928],{"class":53},[43,110021,110022],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110023,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110027,36919],{"class":49},[43,110029,79],{"class":53},[43,110031,35423],{"class":148},[43,110033,145],{"class":53},[43,110035,265],{"class":264},[43,110037,4703],{"class":268},[43,110039,265],{"class":264},[43,110041,346],{"class":53},[43,110043,110044],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,110045,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,110047,110048,110050,110052,110054],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,110049,142],{"class":141},[43,110051,145],{"class":53},[43,110053,36919],{"class":148},[43,110055,346],{"class":53},[14,110057,110058],{},[76,110059,30655],{},[34,110061,110063],{"className":36,"code":110062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,110064,110065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110066,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110068,9897],{"class":53},[43,110070,361],{"class":264},[43,110072,4694],{"class":268},[43,110074,361],{"class":264},[43,110076,108],{"class":53},[43,110078,370],{"class":264},[43,110080,33848],{"class":268},[43,110082,361],{"class":264},[43,110084,9928],{"class":53},[14,110086,110087,110088,110090],{},"This removes ",[18,110089,65898],{}," from the set.",[14,110092,110093,110094,110096,110097,79],{},"A set does ",[76,110095,1957],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[269,110098,96722],{"href":98273},[81,110100,110102],{"id":110101},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,110104,110105,110106,53122,110108,79],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,110107,56157],{},[18,110109,20309],{},[34,110111,110113],{"className":36,"code":110112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,110114,110115,110147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110116,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110118,13700],{"class":49},[43,110120,98],{"class":97},[43,110122,11110],{"class":53},[43,110124,265],{"class":264},[43,110126,13717],{"class":268},[43,110128,265],{"class":264},[43,110130,108],{"class":53},[43,110132,276],{"class":264},[43,110134,13734],{"class":268},[43,110136,265],{"class":264},[43,110138,108],{"class":53},[43,110140,276],{"class":264},[43,110142,18077],{"class":268},[43,110144,265],{"class":264},[43,110146,9928],{"class":53},[43,110148,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110150,18124],{"class":49},[43,110152,79],{"class":53},[43,110154,35423],{"class":148},[43,110156,145],{"class":53},[43,110158,265],{"class":264},[43,110160,23146],{"class":268},[43,110162,265],{"class":264},[43,110164,346],{"class":53},[14,110166,110167],{},[76,110168,110169],{},"Result:",[34,110171,110173],{"className":36,"code":110172,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,110174,110175],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110176,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110178,20309],{"class":3510},[43,110180,59],{"class":53},[43,110182,370],{"class":264},[43,110184,23146],{"class":268},[43,110186,30325],{"class":264},[14,110188,22811,110189,110192],{},[18,110190,110191],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,110194,110195,110196,110198],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,110197,56157],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,110200,110201,110202,79],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[269,110203,11883],{"href":11695},[81,110205,4814,110207,110209,110210],{"id":110206},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,110208,56157],{}," is different from ",[18,110211,103244],{},[14,110213,110214,1233,110216,110218],{},[18,110215,56157],{},[18,110217,103244],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1499,110220,110221],{"id":35423},[18,110222,56157],{},[389,110224,110225,110228],{},[392,110226,110227],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[392,110229,110230],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[34,110232,110234],{"className":36,"code":110233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,110235,110236,110268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110239,257],{"class":49},[43,110241,98],{"class":97},[43,110243,11110],{"class":53},[43,110245,265],{"class":264},[43,110247,269],{"class":268},[43,110249,265],{"class":264},[43,110251,108],{"class":53},[43,110253,276],{"class":264},[43,110255,279],{"class":268},[43,110257,265],{"class":264},[43,110259,108],{"class":53},[43,110261,276],{"class":264},[43,110263,288],{"class":268},[43,110265,265],{"class":264},[43,110267,9928],{"class":53},[43,110269,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110271,1079],{"class":49},[43,110273,79],{"class":53},[43,110275,35423],{"class":148},[43,110277,145],{"class":53},[43,110279,265],{"class":264},[43,110281,297],{"class":268},[43,110283,265],{"class":264},[43,110285,346],{"class":53},[14,110287,109044],{},[34,110289,110291],{"className":36,"code":110290,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,110292,110293],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110294,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110296,20309],{"class":3510},[43,110298,59],{"class":53},[43,110300,370],{"class":264},[43,110302,297],{"class":268},[43,110304,30325],{"class":264},[1499,110306,110307],{"id":103311},[18,110308,103244],{},[389,110310,110311,110313],{},[392,110312,110227],{},[392,110314,110315],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[34,110317,110319],{"className":36,"code":110318,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,110320,110321,110353,110371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110322,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110324,257],{"class":49},[43,110326,98],{"class":97},[43,110328,11110],{"class":53},[43,110330,265],{"class":264},[43,110332,269],{"class":268},[43,110334,265],{"class":264},[43,110336,108],{"class":53},[43,110338,276],{"class":264},[43,110340,279],{"class":268},[43,110342,265],{"class":264},[43,110344,108],{"class":53},[43,110346,276],{"class":264},[43,110348,288],{"class":268},[43,110350,265],{"class":264},[43,110352,9928],{"class":53},[43,110354,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110356,1079],{"class":49},[43,110358,79],{"class":53},[43,110360,103311],{"class":148},[43,110362,145],{"class":53},[43,110364,265],{"class":264},[43,110366,297],{"class":268},[43,110368,265],{"class":264},[43,110370,346],{"class":53},[43,110372,110373,110375,110377,110379],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110374,142],{"class":141},[43,110376,145],{"class":53},[43,110378,1079],{"class":148},[43,110380,346],{"class":53},[14,110382,110383],{},[76,110384,349],{},[34,110386,110388],{"className":36,"code":110387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,110389,110390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110391,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110393,9897],{"class":53},[43,110395,361],{"class":264},[43,110397,269],{"class":268},[43,110399,361],{"class":264},[43,110401,108],{"class":53},[43,110403,370],{"class":264},[43,110405,279],{"class":268},[43,110407,361],{"class":264},[43,110409,108],{"class":53},[43,110411,370],{"class":264},[43,110413,288],{"class":268},[43,110415,361],{"class":264},[43,110417,9928],{"class":53},[14,110419,19317],{},[389,110421,110422,110427],{},[392,110423,110424,110426],{},[18,110425,56157],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[392,110428,110429,110431],{},[18,110430,103244],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110433,110434,110435,79],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[269,110436,97204,110437,11361],{"href":108847},[18,110438,103244],{},[81,110440,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,110442,9071,110444,97584],{"id":110443},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110445,56157],{},[14,110447,110448,110450,110451,79],{},[18,110449,56157],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110452,4391],{},[14,110454,1970],{},[34,110456,110458],{"className":36,"code":110457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110459,110460,110492,110514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110461,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110463,13700],{"class":49},[43,110465,98],{"class":97},[43,110467,11110],{"class":53},[43,110469,265],{"class":264},[43,110471,13717],{"class":268},[43,110473,265],{"class":264},[43,110475,108],{"class":53},[43,110477,276],{"class":264},[43,110479,13734],{"class":268},[43,110481,265],{"class":264},[43,110483,108],{"class":53},[43,110485,276],{"class":264},[43,110487,18077],{"class":268},[43,110489,265],{"class":264},[43,110491,9928],{"class":53},[43,110493,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110495,13743],{"class":49},[43,110497,98],{"class":97},[43,110499,13748],{"class":49},[43,110501,79],{"class":53},[43,110503,35423],{"class":148},[43,110505,145],{"class":53},[43,110507,265],{"class":264},[43,110509,13734],{"class":268},[43,110511,265],{"class":264},[43,110513,346],{"class":53},[43,110515,110516,110518,110520,110522],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110517,142],{"class":141},[43,110519,145],{"class":53},[43,110521,13767],{"class":148},[43,110523,346],{"class":53},[14,110525,110526],{},[76,110527,349],{},[34,110529,110530],{"className":36,"code":12431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,110531,110532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110533,110534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110535,12431],{"class":4466},[14,110537,17277],{},[34,110539,110540],{"className":36,"code":109750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,110541,110542,110574,110592],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110543,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110545,13700],{"class":49},[43,110547,98],{"class":97},[43,110549,11110],{"class":53},[43,110551,265],{"class":264},[43,110553,13717],{"class":268},[43,110555,265],{"class":264},[43,110557,108],{"class":53},[43,110559,276],{"class":264},[43,110561,13734],{"class":268},[43,110563,265],{"class":264},[43,110565,108],{"class":53},[43,110567,276],{"class":264},[43,110569,18077],{"class":268},[43,110571,265],{"class":264},[43,110573,9928],{"class":53},[43,110575,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110577,18124],{"class":49},[43,110579,79],{"class":53},[43,110581,35423],{"class":148},[43,110583,145],{"class":53},[43,110585,265],{"class":264},[43,110587,13734],{"class":268},[43,110589,265],{"class":264},[43,110591,346],{"class":53},[43,110593,110594,110596,110598,110600],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110595,142],{"class":141},[43,110597,145],{"class":53},[43,110599,18124],{"class":148},[43,110601,346],{"class":53},[1499,110603,110605],{"id":110604},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110607,110608,110609,79],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110610,20309],{},[34,110612,110614],{"className":36,"code":110613,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110615,110616,110640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110617,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110619,13700],{"class":49},[43,110621,98],{"class":97},[43,110623,11110],{"class":53},[43,110625,265],{"class":264},[43,110627,13717],{"class":268},[43,110629,265],{"class":264},[43,110631,108],{"class":53},[43,110633,276],{"class":264},[43,110635,13734],{"class":268},[43,110637,265],{"class":264},[43,110639,9928],{"class":53},[43,110641,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110643,18124],{"class":49},[43,110645,79],{"class":53},[43,110647,35423],{"class":148},[43,110649,145],{"class":53},[43,110651,265],{"class":264},[43,110653,18077],{"class":268},[43,110655,265],{"class":264},[43,110657,346],{"class":53},[14,110659,110660,110661,59],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110662,4498],{},[34,110664,110666],{"className":36,"code":110665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110667,110668,110692,110696,110712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110669,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110671,13700],{"class":49},[43,110673,98],{"class":97},[43,110675,11110],{"class":53},[43,110677,265],{"class":264},[43,110679,13717],{"class":268},[43,110681,265],{"class":264},[43,110683,108],{"class":53},[43,110685,276],{"class":264},[43,110687,13734],{"class":268},[43,110689,265],{"class":264},[43,110691,9928],{"class":53},[43,110693,110694],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110695,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,110697,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110699,7614],{"class":4491},[43,110701,276],{"class":264},[43,110703,18077],{"class":268},[43,110705,265],{"class":264},[43,110707,21795],{"class":97},[43,110709,13748],{"class":49},[43,110711,7009],{"class":53},[43,110713,110714,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,110715,110716],{"class":49},"    colors",[43,110718,79],{"class":53},[43,110720,35423],{"class":148},[43,110722,145],{"class":53},[43,110724,265],{"class":264},[43,110726,18077],{"class":268},[43,110728,265],{"class":264},[43,110730,346],{"class":53},[14,110732,110733,110734,110738],{},"Or use ",[269,110735,110736],{"href":108847},[18,110737,103244],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1499,110740,1860,110742,1863,110744],{"id":110741},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110743,103258],{},[18,110745,55703],{},[14,110747,110748],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110750,110751,110752,110754],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110753,103258],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110756,110757,110758,79],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[269,110759,99468],{"href":99467},[1499,110761,110763],{"id":110762},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110765,108753],{},[14,110767,110768],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[81,110770,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,110772,13328,110774,97683],{"id":110773},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110775,103258],{},[14,110777,110778,110779,79],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110780,4391],{},[1499,110782,30913,110784,110786],{"id":110783},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110785,103258],{}," raise?",[14,110788,30919,110789,110791],{},[18,110790,20309],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1499,110793,22042,110795,3486,110797,2490],{"id":110794},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110796,56157],{},[18,110798,103244],{},[14,110800,230,110801,110803,110804,110806],{},[18,110802,56157],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110805,103244],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1499,110808,5784,110810,110812],{"id":110809},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110811,103258],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110814,110815],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[81,110817,2497],{"id":2496},[389,110819,110820,110826,110832,110836,110840],{},[392,110821,110822],{},[269,110823,97204,110824,11361],{"href":108847},[18,110825,103244],{},[392,110827,110828],{},[269,110829,97204,110830,11361],{"href":98604},[18,110831,13387],{},[392,110833,110834],{},[269,110835,97728],{"href":98273},[392,110837,110838],{},[269,110839,100734],{"href":99467},[392,110841,110842],{},[269,110843,11883],{"href":11695},[2536,110845,110846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":110848},[110849,110850,110852,110853,110854,110855,110860,110868,110878],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":109850,"depth":131,"text":110851},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":110101,"depth":131,"text":110102},{"id":110206,"depth":131,"text":110856,"children":110857},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110858,110859],{"id":35423,"depth":138,"text":56157},{"id":103311,"depth":138,"text":103244},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":110861},[110862,110864,110865,110867],{"id":110443,"depth":138,"text":110863},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110604,"depth":138,"text":110605},{"id":110741,"depth":138,"text":110866},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110762,"depth":138,"text":110763},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":110869},[110870,110872,110874,110876],{"id":110773,"depth":138,"text":110871},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110783,"depth":138,"text":110873},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110794,"depth":138,"text":110875},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110809,"depth":138,"text":110877},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109724,"description":110879},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110886,"title":110887,"body":110888,"description":112261,"extension":2572,"meta":112262,"navigation":134,"path":112263,"seo":112264,"stem":112265,"__hash__":112266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110889,"toc":112236},[110890,110896,110902,110905,110908,110922,110924,111005,111008,111013,111017,111031,111038,111040,111059,111062,111080,111082,111162,111164,111189,111193,111196,111204,111209,111214,111216,111229,111234,111237,111261,111264,111272,111274,111277,111374,111376,111409,111411,111437,111444,111447,111451,111459,111463,111471,111473,111563,111565,111579,111586,111591,111596,111598,111689,111691,111703,111705,111719,111725,111733,111735,111817,111819,111864,111867,111875,111878,111880,111884,111927,111929,111949,111954,111956,112041,112043,112048,112050,112057,112065,112071,112074,112076,112162,112164,112188,112192,112195,112197,112224,112234],[10,110891,96590,110893,11943],{"id":110892},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110894,110895],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110897,110898,110901],{},[18,110899,110900],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110903,110904],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110906,110907],{},"Use it when:",[389,110909,110910,110913,110919],{},[392,110911,110912],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[392,110914,110915,110916,110918],{},"you do ",[76,110917,1957],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[392,110920,110921],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[81,110923,4221],{"id":4220},[34,110925,110927],{"className":36,"code":110926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110928,110929,110949,110969,110973,110992],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110930,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110932,3161],{"class":49},[43,110934,98],{"class":97},[43,110936,11110],{"class":53},[43,110938,154],{"class":104},[43,110940,108],{"class":53},[43,110942,1525],{"class":104},[43,110944,108],{"class":53},[43,110946,1530],{"class":104},[43,110948,9928],{"class":53},[43,110950,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,110952,3189],{"class":49},[43,110954,98],{"class":97},[43,110956,11110],{"class":53},[43,110958,181],{"class":104},[43,110960,108],{"class":53},[43,110962,3064],{"class":104},[43,110964,108],{"class":53},[43,110966,5221],{"class":104},[43,110968,9928],{"class":53},[43,110970,110971],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,110972,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,110974,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983,110986,110988,110990],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,110976,2836],{"class":49},[43,110978,98],{"class":97},[43,110980,57515],{"class":49},[43,110982,79],{"class":53},[43,110984,110985],{"class":148},"symmetric_difference",[43,110987,145],{"class":53},[43,110989,279],{"class":148},[43,110991,346],{"class":53},[43,110993,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,110995,142],{"class":141},[43,110997,145],{"class":53},[43,110999,2871],{"class":148},[43,111001,4272],{"class":53},[43,111003,111004],{"class":165},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,111006,111007],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[81,111009,4289,111011,4292],{"id":111010},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,111012,110895],{},[14,111014,111015,59],{},[18,111016,110900],{},[389,111018,111019,111022,111025,111028],{},[392,111020,111021],{},"returns a new set",[392,111023,111024],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[392,111026,111027],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[392,111029,111030],{},"does not change the original set",[14,111032,96714,111033,3486,111035,79],{},[269,111034,96718],{"href":96717},[269,111036,111037],{"href":96721},"creating a set in Python",[81,111039,2763],{"id":2762},[34,111041,111043],{"className":36,"code":111042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,111044,111045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111048,100975],{"class":49},[43,111050,79],{"class":53},[43,111052,110985],{"class":148},[43,111054,145],{"class":53},[43,111056,100984],{"class":148},[43,111058,346],{"class":53},[14,111060,111061],{},"Notes:",[389,111063,111064,111069,111074,111077],{},[392,111065,111066,111068],{},[18,111067,100975],{}," must be a set",[392,111070,111071,111073],{},[18,111072,100984],{}," can be any iterable",[392,111075,111076],{},"the result is always a set",[392,111078,111079],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,111081,494],{},[34,111083,111085],{"className":36,"code":111084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111086,111087,111108,111129,111133,111152],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111088,111089,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111090,111091],{"class":49},"set1 ",[43,111093,98],{"class":97},[43,111095,11110],{"class":53},[43,111097,154],{"class":104},[43,111099,108],{"class":53},[43,111101,1525],{"class":104},[43,111103,108],{"class":53},[43,111105,1530],{"class":104},[43,111107,9928],{"class":53},[43,111109,111110,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111111,111112],{"class":49},"set2 ",[43,111114,98],{"class":97},[43,111116,11110],{"class":53},[43,111118,181],{"class":104},[43,111120,108],{"class":53},[43,111122,3064],{"class":104},[43,111124,108],{"class":53},[43,111126,5221],{"class":104},[43,111128,9928],{"class":53},[43,111130,111131],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111132,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111134,111135,111137,111139,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,111136,2836],{"class":49},[43,111138,98],{"class":97},[43,111140,111141],{"class":49}," set1",[43,111143,79],{"class":53},[43,111145,110985],{"class":148},[43,111147,145],{"class":53},[43,111149,100984],{"class":148},[43,111151,346],{"class":53},[43,111153,111154,111156,111158,111160],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,111155,142],{"class":141},[43,111157,145],{"class":53},[43,111159,2871],{"class":148},[43,111161,346],{"class":53},[14,111163,349],{},[34,111165,111167],{"className":36,"code":111166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111168,111169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111170,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111172,9897],{"class":53},[43,111174,154],{"class":104},[43,111176,108],{"class":53},[43,111178,1525],{"class":104},[43,111180,108],{"class":53},[43,111182,3064],{"class":104},[43,111184,108],{"class":53},[43,111186,5221],{"class":104},[43,111188,9928],{"class":53},[81,111190,111192],{"id":111191},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,111194,111195],{},"The result includes:",[389,111197,111198,111201],{},[392,111199,111200],{},"items only in the first set",[392,111202,111203],{},"items only in the second set",[14,111205,111206,111207,11704],{},"The result does ",[76,111208,1957],{},[389,111210,111211],{},[392,111212,111213],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,111215,996],{},[389,111217,111218,111223],{},[392,111219,111220,111221],{},"first set: ",[18,111222,100672],{},[392,111224,111225,111226],{},"second set: ",[18,111227,111228],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,111230,4664,111231,111233],{},[18,111232,181],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,111235,111236],{},"The output is:",[34,111238,111239],{"className":36,"code":111166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,111240,111241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111242,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111244,9897],{"class":53},[43,111246,154],{"class":104},[43,111248,108],{"class":53},[43,111250,1525],{"class":104},[43,111252,108],{"class":53},[43,111254,3064],{"class":104},[43,111256,108],{"class":53},[43,111258,5221],{"class":104},[43,111260,9928],{"class":53},[14,111262,111263],{},"Also remember:",[389,111265,111266,111269],{},[392,111267,111268],{},"sets are unordered",[392,111270,111271],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[81,111273,12097],{"id":12096},[14,111275,111276],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[34,111278,111280],{"className":36,"code":111279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,111281,111282,111314,111338,111342,111360,111364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111283,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111285,107415],{"class":49},[43,111287,98],{"class":97},[43,111289,11110],{"class":53},[43,111291,265],{"class":264},[43,111293,13717],{"class":268},[43,111295,265],{"class":264},[43,111297,108],{"class":53},[43,111299,276],{"class":264},[43,111301,13734],{"class":268},[43,111303,265],{"class":264},[43,111305,108],{"class":53},[43,111307,276],{"class":264},[43,111309,18077],{"class":268},[43,111311,265],{"class":264},[43,111313,9928],{"class":53},[43,111315,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111317,107448],{"class":49},[43,111319,98],{"class":97},[43,111321,11110],{"class":53},[43,111323,265],{"class":264},[43,111325,18077],{"class":268},[43,111327,265],{"class":264},[43,111329,108],{"class":53},[43,111331,276],{"class":264},[43,111333,23146],{"class":268},[43,111335,265],{"class":264},[43,111337,9928],{"class":53},[43,111339,111340],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111341,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111343,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,111345,2836],{"class":49},[43,111347,98],{"class":97},[43,111349,107490],{"class":49},[43,111351,79],{"class":53},[43,111353,110985],{"class":148},[43,111355,145],{"class":53},[43,111357,107499],{"class":148},[43,111359,346],{"class":53},[43,111361,111362],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,111363,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111365,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,111367,142],{"class":141},[43,111369,145],{"class":53},[43,111371,2871],{"class":148},[43,111373,346],{"class":53},[14,111375,349],{},[34,111377,111379],{"className":36,"code":111378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,111380,111381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111382,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111384,9897],{"class":53},[43,111386,361],{"class":264},[43,111388,13717],{"class":268},[43,111390,361],{"class":264},[43,111392,108],{"class":53},[43,111394,370],{"class":264},[43,111396,13734],{"class":268},[43,111398,361],{"class":264},[43,111400,108],{"class":53},[43,111402,370],{"class":264},[43,111404,23146],{"class":268},[43,111406,361],{"class":264},[43,111408,9928],{"class":53},[14,111410,14034],{},[389,111412,111413,111418,111429],{},[392,111414,111415,111417],{},[18,111416,96883],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[392,111419,111420,1233,111422,111425,111426,111428],{},[18,111421,66016],{},[18,111423,111424],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,111427,107552],{},", so they stay",[392,111430,111431,111433,111434,111436],{},[18,111432,110191],{}," is only in ",[18,111435,107499],{},", so it stays",[81,111438,111440,11205,111442],{"id":111439},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111441,110895],{},[18,111443,100804],{},[14,111445,111446],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111448,111449,59],{},[18,111450,100804],{},[389,111452,111453,111456],{},[392,111454,111455],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[392,111457,111458],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111460,111461,59],{},[18,111462,110895],{},[389,111464,111465,111468],{},[392,111466,111467],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[392,111469,111470],{},"removes shared items",[14,111472,494],{},[34,111474,111476],{"className":36,"code":111475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111477,111478,111498,111518,111522,111543],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111481,3161],{"class":49},[43,111483,98],{"class":97},[43,111485,11110],{"class":53},[43,111487,154],{"class":104},[43,111489,108],{"class":53},[43,111491,1525],{"class":104},[43,111493,108],{"class":53},[43,111495,1530],{"class":104},[43,111497,9928],{"class":53},[43,111499,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111501,3189],{"class":49},[43,111503,98],{"class":97},[43,111505,11110],{"class":53},[43,111507,181],{"class":104},[43,111509,108],{"class":53},[43,111511,3064],{"class":104},[43,111513,108],{"class":53},[43,111515,5221],{"class":104},[43,111517,9928],{"class":53},[43,111519,111520],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111521,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111523,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,111525,142],{"class":141},[43,111527,145],{"class":53},[43,111529,269],{"class":148},[43,111531,79],{"class":53},[43,111533,3419],{"class":148},[43,111535,145],{"class":53},[43,111537,279],{"class":148},[43,111539,5977],{"class":53},[43,111541,111542],{"class":165},"            # {1, 2}\n",[43,111544,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,111546,142],{"class":141},[43,111548,145],{"class":53},[43,111550,269],{"class":148},[43,111552,79],{"class":53},[43,111554,110985],{"class":148},[43,111556,145],{"class":53},[43,111558,279],{"class":148},[43,111560,5977],{"class":53},[43,111562,111004],{"class":165},[14,111564,19317],{},[389,111566,111567,111574],{},[392,111568,111569,111573],{},[269,111570,111571],{"href":103230},[18,111572,100804],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[392,111575,111576,111578],{},[18,111577,110895],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[81,111580,111582,11205,111584],{"id":111581},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111583,110895],{},[18,111585,103189],{},[14,111587,111588,111590],{},[18,111589,103189],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111592,111593,111595],{},[18,111594,110895],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111597,494],{},[34,111599,111601],{"className":36,"code":111600,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111602,111603,111623,111643,111647,111669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111604,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111606,3161],{"class":49},[43,111608,98],{"class":97},[43,111610,11110],{"class":53},[43,111612,154],{"class":104},[43,111614,108],{"class":53},[43,111616,1525],{"class":104},[43,111618,108],{"class":53},[43,111620,1530],{"class":104},[43,111622,9928],{"class":53},[43,111624,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111626,3189],{"class":49},[43,111628,98],{"class":97},[43,111630,11110],{"class":53},[43,111632,181],{"class":104},[43,111634,108],{"class":53},[43,111636,3064],{"class":104},[43,111638,108],{"class":53},[43,111640,5221],{"class":104},[43,111642,9928],{"class":53},[43,111644,111645],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111646,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111660,111662,111664,111666],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,111650,142],{"class":141},[43,111652,145],{"class":53},[43,111654,269],{"class":148},[43,111656,79],{"class":53},[43,111658,111659],{"class":148},"union",[43,111661,145],{"class":53},[43,111663,279],{"class":148},[43,111665,5977],{"class":53},[43,111667,111668],{"class":165},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[43,111670,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,111672,142],{"class":141},[43,111674,145],{"class":53},[43,111676,269],{"class":148},[43,111678,79],{"class":53},[43,111680,110985],{"class":148},[43,111682,145],{"class":53},[43,111684,279],{"class":148},[43,111686,5977],{"class":53},[43,111688,111004],{"class":165},[14,111690,27845],{},[389,111692,111693,111698],{},[392,111694,111695,111697],{},[18,111696,103189],{}," includes everything",[392,111699,111700,111702],{},[18,111701,110895],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111704,19317],{},[389,111706,111707,111714],{},[392,111708,111709,111713],{},[269,111710,111711],{"href":108120},[18,111712,103189],{}," when overlap does not matter",[392,111715,111716,111718],{},[18,111717,110895],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[81,111720,37241,111722,101988],{"id":111721},"using-the-operator",[18,111723,111724],{},"^",[14,111726,111727,111728,111730,111731,79],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111729,111724],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111732,110895],{},[14,111734,494],{},[34,111736,111738],{"className":36,"code":111737,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111739,111740,111760,111780,111784,111802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111743,111091],{"class":49},[43,111745,98],{"class":97},[43,111747,11110],{"class":53},[43,111749,154],{"class":104},[43,111751,108],{"class":53},[43,111753,1525],{"class":104},[43,111755,108],{"class":53},[43,111757,1530],{"class":104},[43,111759,9928],{"class":53},[43,111761,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111763,111112],{"class":49},[43,111765,98],{"class":97},[43,111767,11110],{"class":53},[43,111769,181],{"class":104},[43,111771,108],{"class":53},[43,111773,3064],{"class":104},[43,111775,108],{"class":53},[43,111777,5221],{"class":104},[43,111779,9928],{"class":53},[43,111781,111782],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111783,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,111785,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,111787,142],{"class":141},[43,111789,145],{"class":53},[43,111791,100975],{"class":148},[43,111793,79],{"class":53},[43,111795,110985],{"class":148},[43,111797,145],{"class":53},[43,111799,100984],{"class":148},[43,111801,2377],{"class":53},[43,111803,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111815],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,111805,142],{"class":141},[43,111807,145],{"class":53},[43,111809,111091],{"class":148},[43,111811,111724],{"class":97},[43,111813,111814],{"class":148}," set2",[43,111816,346],{"class":53},[14,111818,30655],{},[34,111820,111822],{"className":36,"code":111821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111823,111824,111844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111825,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111827,9897],{"class":53},[43,111829,154],{"class":104},[43,111831,108],{"class":53},[43,111833,1525],{"class":104},[43,111835,108],{"class":53},[43,111837,3064],{"class":104},[43,111839,108],{"class":53},[43,111841,5221],{"class":104},[43,111843,9928],{"class":53},[43,111845,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111847,9897],{"class":53},[43,111849,154],{"class":104},[43,111851,108],{"class":53},[43,111853,1525],{"class":104},[43,111855,108],{"class":53},[43,111857,3064],{"class":104},[43,111859,108],{"class":53},[43,111861,5221],{"class":104},[43,111863,9928],{"class":53},[14,111865,111866],{},"Both forms:",[389,111868,111869,111872],{},[392,111870,111871],{},"return a new set",[392,111873,111874],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111876,111877],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[81,111879,5134],{"id":5133},[14,111881,21833,111882,59],{},[18,111883,110895],{},[389,111885,111886,111894,111904,111919],{},[392,111887,111888,111891,111893],{},[76,111889,111890],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10465,111892],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[392,111895,111896,111899,111901,111903],{},[76,111897,111898],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10465,111900],{},[18,111902,110895],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[392,111905,111906,111911,111913,111915,111916,111918],{},[76,111907,111908,111909],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111910,100804],{},[10465,111912],{},[18,111914,100804],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111917,110895],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[392,111920,111921,111924,111926],{},[76,111922,111923],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10465,111925],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111928,59488],{},[389,111930,111931,111940,111943,111946],{},[392,111932,51120,111933,45256,111935,111939],{},[18,111934,110895],{},[269,111936,111937],{"href":108120},[18,111938,103189],{}," is actually needed",[392,111941,111942],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[392,111944,111945],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[392,111947,111948],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111950,111951,111952,79],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[269,111953,99468],{"href":105733},[14,111955,62920],{},[34,111957,111959],{"className":36,"code":111958,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111960,111961,111971,111981,111999,112013,112027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111962,111963,111965,111967,111969],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111964,142],{"class":141},[43,111966,145],{"class":53},[43,111968,100975],{"class":148},[43,111970,346],{"class":53},[43,111972,111973,111975,111977,111979],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,111974,142],{"class":141},[43,111976,145],{"class":53},[43,111978,100984],{"class":148},[43,111980,346],{"class":53},[43,111982,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,111984,142],{"class":141},[43,111986,145],{"class":53},[43,111988,100975],{"class":148},[43,111990,79],{"class":53},[43,111992,110985],{"class":148},[43,111994,145],{"class":53},[43,111996,100984],{"class":148},[43,111998,2377],{"class":53},[43,112000,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112002,142],{"class":141},[43,112004,145],{"class":53},[43,112006,111091],{"class":148},[43,112008,111724],{"class":97},[43,112010,111814],{"class":148},[43,112012,346],{"class":53},[43,112014,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112016,142],{"class":141},[43,112018,145],{"class":53},[43,112020,3832],{"class":3510},[43,112022,145],{"class":53},[43,112024,100975],{"class":148},[43,112026,2377],{"class":53},[43,112028,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,112030,142],{"class":141},[43,112032,145],{"class":53},[43,112034,3832],{"class":3510},[43,112036,145],{"class":53},[43,112038,100984],{"class":148},[43,112040,2377],{"class":53},[81,112042,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,112044,13328,112046,103129],{"id":112045},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,112047,110895],{},[14,112049,103132],{},[1499,112051,5794,112053,1233,112055,2490],{"id":112052},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,112054,110895],{},[18,112056,100804],{},[14,112058,112059,112061,112062,112064],{},[18,112060,100804],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,112063,110895],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1499,112066,28953,112068,112070],{"id":112067},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,112069,110895],{}," with lists?",[14,112072,112073],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,112075,494],{},[34,112077,112079],{"className":36,"code":112078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,112080,112081,112101,112121,112125,112152],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112082,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112084,81045],{"class":49},[43,112086,98],{"class":97},[43,112088,101],{"class":53},[43,112090,154],{"class":104},[43,112092,108],{"class":53},[43,112094,1525],{"class":104},[43,112096,108],{"class":53},[43,112098,1530],{"class":104},[43,112100,68],{"class":53},[43,112102,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112104,81066],{"class":49},[43,112106,98],{"class":97},[43,112108,101],{"class":53},[43,112110,181],{"class":104},[43,112112,108],{"class":53},[43,112114,3064],{"class":104},[43,112116,108],{"class":53},[43,112118,5221],{"class":104},[43,112120,68],{"class":53},[43,112122,112123],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112124,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112128,2836],{"class":49},[43,112130,98],{"class":97},[43,112132,16256],{"class":3510},[43,112134,145],{"class":53},[43,112136,112137],{"class":148},"list1",[43,112139,9250],{"class":53},[43,112141,110985],{"class":148},[43,112143,145],{"class":53},[43,112145,6902],{"class":3510},[43,112147,145],{"class":53},[43,112149,81332],{"class":148},[43,112151,2377],{"class":53},[43,112153,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112155,142],{"class":141},[43,112157,145],{"class":53},[43,112159,2871],{"class":148},[43,112161,346],{"class":53},[14,112163,349],{},[34,112165,112166],{"className":36,"code":111166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,112167,112168],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112169,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112171,9897],{"class":53},[43,112173,154],{"class":104},[43,112175,108],{"class":53},[43,112177,1525],{"class":104},[43,112179,108],{"class":53},[43,112181,3064],{"class":104},[43,112183,108],{"class":53},[43,112185,5221],{"class":104},[43,112187,9928],{"class":53},[1499,112189,112191],{"id":112190},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,112193,112194],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[81,112196,2497],{"id":2496},[389,112198,112199,112203,112208,112214,112220],{},[392,112200,112201],{},[269,112202,96718],{"href":96717},[392,112204,112205],{},[269,112206,112207],{"href":96721},"Creating a set in Python",[392,112209,112210],{},[269,112211,97204,112212,11361],{"href":103230},[18,112213,100804],{},[392,112215,112216],{},[269,112217,97204,112218,11361],{"href":108120},[18,112219,103189],{},[392,112221,112222],{},[269,112223,100734],{"href":105733},[14,112225,112226,112227,21,112229,25,112231,112233],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,112228,100804],{},[18,112230,103189],{},[18,112232,110895],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2536,112235,57867],{},{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":112237},[112238,112239,112241,112242,112243,112244,112246,112248,112250,112251,112260],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":111010,"depth":131,"text":112240},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":111191,"depth":131,"text":111192},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":111439,"depth":131,"text":112245},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111581,"depth":131,"text":112247},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111721,"depth":131,"text":112249},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":112252},[112253,112255,112257,112259],{"id":112045,"depth":138,"text":112254},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112052,"depth":138,"text":112256},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112067,"depth":138,"text":112258},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112190,"depth":138,"text":112191},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110887,"description":112261},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112268,"title":112269,"body":112270,"description":114333,"extension":2572,"meta":114334,"navigation":134,"path":108120,"seo":114335,"stem":114336,"__hash__":114337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112271,"toc":114292},[112272,112277,112282,112285,112298,112300,112382,112387,112392,112396,112408,112411,112415,112417,112444,112446,112457,112460,112529,112531,112537,112540,112550,112552,112641,112646,112648,112655,112658,112660,112663,112783,112785,112854,112857,112874,112879,112882,112998,113000,113029,113032,113038,113043,113047,113128,113130,113158,113163,113167,113262,113264,113305,113309,113312,113379,113381,113422,113428,113443,113450,113457,113461,113467,113553,113557,113565,113636,113641,113648,113650,113656,113658,113723,113725,113741,113746,113749,113818,113822,113825,113884,113887,113891,113944,113957,113960,114013,114017,114019,114050,114053,114058,114111,114115,114118,114139,114151,114153,114206,114208,114213,114215,114221,114224,114230,114235,114239,114242,114250,114259,114261,114289],[10,112273,4187,112275,11943],{"id":112274},"python-setunion-method",[18,112276,108433],{},[14,112278,112279,112281],{},[18,112280,108433],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,112283,112284],{},"It is useful when you want:",[389,112286,112287,112290,112295],{},[392,112288,112289],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[392,112291,3161,112292,112294],{},[76,112293,101159],{}," as the result",[392,112296,112297],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[81,112299,84],{"id":83},[34,112301,112303],{"className":36,"code":112302,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112304,112305,112325,112345,112349,112367,112377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112306,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112308,111091],{"class":49},[43,112310,98],{"class":97},[43,112312,11110],{"class":53},[43,112314,154],{"class":104},[43,112316,108],{"class":53},[43,112318,1525],{"class":104},[43,112320,108],{"class":53},[43,112322,1530],{"class":104},[43,112324,9928],{"class":53},[43,112326,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112328,111112],{"class":49},[43,112330,98],{"class":97},[43,112332,11110],{"class":53},[43,112334,181],{"class":104},[43,112336,108],{"class":53},[43,112338,3064],{"class":104},[43,112340,108],{"class":53},[43,112342,5221],{"class":104},[43,112344,9928],{"class":53},[43,112346,112347],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112350,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112352,2836],{"class":49},[43,112354,98],{"class":97},[43,112356,111141],{"class":49},[43,112358,79],{"class":53},[43,112360,111659],{"class":148},[43,112362,145],{"class":53},[43,112364,100984],{"class":148},[43,112366,346],{"class":53},[43,112368,112369,112371,112373,112375],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112370,142],{"class":141},[43,112372,145],{"class":53},[43,112374,2871],{"class":148},[43,112376,346],{"class":53},[43,112378,112379],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,112380,112381],{"class":165},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112383,112384,112386],{},[18,112385,103189],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[81,112388,4289,112390,4292],{"id":112389},"what-setunion-does",[18,112391,108433],{},[14,112393,112394,59],{},[18,112395,108433],{},[389,112397,112398,112401,112404,112406],{},[392,112399,112400],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[392,112402,112403],{},"keeps only unique values",[392,112405,111021],{},[392,112407,111030],{},[14,112409,112410],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112412,96714,112413,79],{},[269,112414,96718],{"href":97889},[81,112416,2763],{"id":2762},[34,112418,112420],{"className":36,"code":112419,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,112421,112422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112423,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112425,100975],{"class":49},[43,112427,79],{"class":53},[43,112429,111659],{"class":148},[43,112431,145],{"class":53},[43,112433,100984],{"class":148},[43,112435,108],{"class":53},[43,112437,101011],{"class":148},[43,112439,108],{"class":53},[43,112441,35082],{"class":141},[43,112443,346],{"class":53},[14,112445,387],{},[389,112447,112448,112451,112454],{},[392,112449,112450],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[392,112452,112453],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[392,112455,112456],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112458,112459],{},"Example with two sets:",[34,112461,112463],{"className":36,"code":112462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112464,112465,112481,112497,112501,112519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112466,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112468,3161],{"class":49},[43,112470,98],{"class":97},[43,112472,11110],{"class":53},[43,112474,154],{"class":104},[43,112476,108],{"class":53},[43,112478,1525],{"class":104},[43,112480,9928],{"class":53},[43,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112484,3189],{"class":49},[43,112486,98],{"class":97},[43,112488,11110],{"class":53},[43,112490,201],{"class":104},[43,112492,108],{"class":53},[43,112494,1530],{"class":104},[43,112496,9928],{"class":53},[43,112498,112499],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112500,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112502,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112504,2836],{"class":49},[43,112506,98],{"class":97},[43,112508,57515],{"class":49},[43,112510,79],{"class":53},[43,112512,111659],{"class":148},[43,112514,145],{"class":53},[43,112516,279],{"class":148},[43,112518,346],{"class":53},[43,112520,112521,112523,112525,112527],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112522,142],{"class":141},[43,112524,145],{"class":53},[43,112526,2871],{"class":148},[43,112528,346],{"class":53},[81,112530,22592],{"id":22591},[14,112532,112533,101156,112535,79],{},[18,112534,108433],{},[76,112536,101159],{},[14,112538,112539],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[389,112541,112542,112545],{},[392,112543,112544],{},"the original set",[392,112546,112547,112548],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112549,103189],{},[14,112551,494],{},[34,112553,112555],{"className":36,"code":112554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112556,112557,112573,112589,112593,112611,112615,112628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112558,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112560,3161],{"class":49},[43,112562,98],{"class":97},[43,112564,11110],{"class":53},[43,112566,154],{"class":104},[43,112568,108],{"class":53},[43,112570,1525],{"class":104},[43,112572,9928],{"class":53},[43,112574,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112576,3189],{"class":49},[43,112578,98],{"class":97},[43,112580,11110],{"class":53},[43,112582,201],{"class":104},[43,112584,108],{"class":53},[43,112586,1530],{"class":104},[43,112588,9928],{"class":53},[43,112590,112591],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112592,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112594,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112596,2836],{"class":49},[43,112598,98],{"class":97},[43,112600,57515],{"class":49},[43,112602,79],{"class":53},[43,112604,111659],{"class":148},[43,112606,145],{"class":53},[43,112608,279],{"class":148},[43,112610,346],{"class":53},[43,112612,112613],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112614,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112616,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,112618,142],{"class":141},[43,112620,145],{"class":53},[43,112622,2871],{"class":148},[43,112624,4272],{"class":53},[43,112626,112627],{"class":165},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[43,112629,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,112631,142],{"class":141},[43,112633,145],{"class":53},[43,112635,269],{"class":148},[43,112637,4272],{"class":53},[43,112639,112640],{"class":165},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112642,2893,112643,112645],{},[18,112644,269],{}," did not change.",[14,112647,111263],{},[389,112649,112650,112652],{},[392,112651,111268],{},[392,112653,112654],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112656,112657],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[81,112659,12097],{"id":12096},[14,112661,112662],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[34,112664,112666],{"className":36,"code":112665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112667,112668,112701,112734,112738,112758,112762,112772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112669,112670,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112671,112672],{"class":49},"fruits1 ",[43,112674,98],{"class":97},[43,112676,11110],{"class":53},[43,112678,265],{"class":264},[43,112680,4694],{"class":268},[43,112682,265],{"class":264},[43,112684,108],{"class":53},[43,112686,276],{"class":264},[43,112688,4703],{"class":268},[43,112690,265],{"class":264},[43,112692,108],{"class":53},[43,112694,276],{"class":264},[43,112696,33848],{"class":268},[43,112698,265],{"class":264},[43,112700,9928],{"class":53},[43,112702,112703,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112704,112705],{"class":49},"fruits2 ",[43,112707,98],{"class":97},[43,112709,11110],{"class":53},[43,112711,265],{"class":264},[43,112713,4703],{"class":268},[43,112715,265],{"class":264},[43,112717,108],{"class":53},[43,112719,276],{"class":264},[43,112721,23155],{"class":268},[43,112723,265],{"class":264},[43,112725,108],{"class":53},[43,112727,276],{"class":264},[43,112729,33848],{"class":268},[43,112731,265],{"class":264},[43,112733,9928],{"class":53},[43,112735,112736],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112737,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112739,112740,112742,112744,112747,112749,112751,112753,112756],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112741,2836],{"class":49},[43,112743,98],{"class":97},[43,112745,112746],{"class":49}," fruits1",[43,112748,79],{"class":53},[43,112750,111659],{"class":148},[43,112752,145],{"class":53},[43,112754,112755],{"class":148},"fruits2",[43,112757,346],{"class":53},[43,112759,112760],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112761,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112763,112764,112766,112768,112770],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,112765,142],{"class":141},[43,112767,145],{"class":53},[43,112769,2871],{"class":148},[43,112771,346],{"class":53},[43,112773,112774,112776,112778,112781],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,112775,142],{"class":141},[43,112777,145],{"class":53},[43,112779,112780],{"class":148},"fruits1",[43,112782,346],{"class":53},[14,112784,30655],{},[34,112786,112788],{"className":36,"code":112787,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112789,112790,112826],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112791,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112793,9897],{"class":53},[43,112795,361],{"class":264},[43,112797,4703],{"class":268},[43,112799,361],{"class":264},[43,112801,108],{"class":53},[43,112803,370],{"class":264},[43,112805,33848],{"class":268},[43,112807,361],{"class":264},[43,112809,108],{"class":53},[43,112811,370],{"class":264},[43,112813,4694],{"class":268},[43,112815,361],{"class":264},[43,112817,108],{"class":53},[43,112819,370],{"class":264},[43,112821,23155],{"class":268},[43,112823,361],{"class":264},[43,112825,9928],{"class":53},[43,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112829,9897],{"class":53},[43,112831,361],{"class":264},[43,112833,4703],{"class":268},[43,112835,361],{"class":264},[43,112837,108],{"class":53},[43,112839,370],{"class":264},[43,112841,33848],{"class":268},[43,112843,361],{"class":264},[43,112845,108],{"class":53},[43,112847,370],{"class":264},[43,112849,4694],{"class":268},[43,112851,361],{"class":264},[43,112853,9928],{"class":53},[14,112855,112856],{},"What this shows:",[389,112858,112859,112866,112869],{},[392,112860,112861,1233,112863,112865],{},[18,112862,65898],{},[18,112864,66325],{}," appear in both sets",[392,112867,112868],{},"they appear only once in the result",[392,112870,112871,112873],{},[18,112872,112780],{}," stays unchanged",[81,112875,2445,112877,101548],{"id":112876},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112878,103189],{},[14,112880,112881],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[34,112883,112885],{"className":36,"code":112884,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112886,112887,112903,112919,112936,112953,112957,112984,112988],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112888,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112890,111091],{"class":49},[43,112892,98],{"class":97},[43,112894,11110],{"class":53},[43,112896,154],{"class":104},[43,112898,108],{"class":53},[43,112900,1525],{"class":104},[43,112902,9928],{"class":53},[43,112904,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,112906,111112],{"class":49},[43,112908,98],{"class":97},[43,112910,11110],{"class":53},[43,112912,201],{"class":104},[43,112914,108],{"class":53},[43,112916,1530],{"class":104},[43,112918,9928],{"class":53},[43,112920,112921,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,112922,112923],{"class":49},"set3 ",[43,112925,98],{"class":97},[43,112927,11110],{"class":53},[43,112929,181],{"class":104},[43,112931,108],{"class":53},[43,112933,3064],{"class":104},[43,112935,9928],{"class":53},[43,112937,112938,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,112939,112940],{"class":49},"set4 ",[43,112942,98],{"class":97},[43,112944,11110],{"class":53},[43,112946,159],{"class":104},[43,112948,108],{"class":53},[43,112950,5221],{"class":104},[43,112952,9928],{"class":53},[43,112954,112955],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,112956,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112958,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112982],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,112960,2836],{"class":49},[43,112962,98],{"class":97},[43,112964,111141],{"class":49},[43,112966,79],{"class":53},[43,112968,111659],{"class":148},[43,112970,145],{"class":53},[43,112972,100984],{"class":148},[43,112974,108],{"class":53},[43,112976,101011],{"class":148},[43,112978,108],{"class":53},[43,112980,112981],{"class":148}," set4",[43,112983,346],{"class":53},[43,112985,112986],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,112987,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,112989,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,112991,142],{"class":141},[43,112993,145],{"class":53},[43,112995,2871],{"class":148},[43,112997,346],{"class":53},[14,112999,30655],{},[34,113001,113003],{"className":36,"code":113002,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,113004,113005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113006,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113008,9897],{"class":53},[43,113010,154],{"class":104},[43,113012,108],{"class":53},[43,113014,1525],{"class":104},[43,113016,108],{"class":53},[43,113018,1530],{"class":104},[43,113020,108],{"class":53},[43,113022,3064],{"class":104},[43,113024,108],{"class":53},[43,113026,5221],{"class":104},[43,113028,9928],{"class":53},[14,113030,113031],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[81,113033,2445,113035,113037],{"id":113034},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,113036,103189],{}," with other iterables",[14,113039,113040,113042],{},[18,113041,103189],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1499,113044,113046],{"id":113045},"with-a-list","With a list",[34,113048,113050],{"className":36,"code":113049,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,113051,113052,113072,113096,113100,113118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113053,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113055,94],{"class":49},[43,113057,98],{"class":97},[43,113059,11110],{"class":53},[43,113061,154],{"class":104},[43,113063,108],{"class":53},[43,113065,1525],{"class":104},[43,113067,108],{"class":53},[43,113069,1530],{"class":104},[43,113071,9928],{"class":53},[43,113073,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113075,61672],{"class":49},[43,113077,98],{"class":97},[43,113079,101],{"class":53},[43,113081,181],{"class":104},[43,113083,108],{"class":53},[43,113085,3064],{"class":104},[43,113087,108],{"class":53},[43,113089,5221],{"class":104},[43,113091,108],{"class":53},[43,113093,5221],{"class":104},[43,113095,68],{"class":53},[43,113097,113098],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113103,2836],{"class":49},[43,113105,98],{"class":97},[43,113107,2071],{"class":49},[43,113109,79],{"class":53},[43,113111,111659],{"class":148},[43,113113,145],{"class":53},[43,113115,61701],{"class":148},[43,113117,346],{"class":53},[43,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113121,142],{"class":141},[43,113123,145],{"class":53},[43,113125,2871],{"class":148},[43,113127,346],{"class":53},[14,113129,30655],{},[34,113131,113132],{"className":36,"code":113002,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,113133,113134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113135,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113137,9897],{"class":53},[43,113139,154],{"class":104},[43,113141,108],{"class":53},[43,113143,1525],{"class":104},[43,113145,108],{"class":53},[43,113147,1530],{"class":104},[43,113149,108],{"class":53},[43,113151,3064],{"class":104},[43,113153,108],{"class":53},[43,113155,5221],{"class":104},[43,113157,9928],{"class":53},[14,113159,21599,113160,113162],{},[18,113161,831],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1499,113164,113166],{"id":113165},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[34,113168,113170],{"className":36,"code":113169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,113171,113172,113196,113229,113233,113252],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113173,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113175,257],{"class":49},[43,113177,98],{"class":97},[43,113179,11110],{"class":53},[43,113181,265],{"class":264},[43,113183,269],{"class":268},[43,113185,265],{"class":264},[43,113187,108],{"class":53},[43,113189,276],{"class":264},[43,113191,279],{"class":268},[43,113193,265],{"class":264},[43,113195,9928],{"class":53},[43,113197,113198,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113199,113200],{"class":49},"more_letters ",[43,113202,98],{"class":97},[43,113204,9855],{"class":53},[43,113206,265],{"class":264},[43,113208,279],{"class":268},[43,113210,265],{"class":264},[43,113212,108],{"class":53},[43,113214,276],{"class":264},[43,113216,288],{"class":268},[43,113218,265],{"class":264},[43,113220,108],{"class":53},[43,113222,276],{"class":264},[43,113224,297],{"class":268},[43,113226,265],{"class":264},[43,113228,346],{"class":53},[43,113230,113231],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113232,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113234,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113250],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113236,2836],{"class":49},[43,113238,98],{"class":97},[43,113240,324],{"class":49},[43,113242,79],{"class":53},[43,113244,111659],{"class":148},[43,113246,145],{"class":53},[43,113248,113249],{"class":148},"more_letters",[43,113251,346],{"class":53},[43,113253,113254,113256,113258,113260],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113255,142],{"class":141},[43,113257,145],{"class":53},[43,113259,2871],{"class":148},[43,113261,346],{"class":53},[14,113263,30655],{},[34,113265,113267],{"className":36,"code":113266,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,113268,113269],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113272,9897],{"class":53},[43,113274,361],{"class":264},[43,113276,269],{"class":268},[43,113278,361],{"class":264},[43,113280,108],{"class":53},[43,113282,370],{"class":264},[43,113284,279],{"class":268},[43,113286,361],{"class":264},[43,113288,108],{"class":53},[43,113290,370],{"class":264},[43,113292,288],{"class":268},[43,113294,361],{"class":264},[43,113296,108],{"class":53},[43,113298,370],{"class":264},[43,113300,297],{"class":268},[43,113302,361],{"class":264},[43,113304,9928],{"class":53},[1499,113306,113308],{"id":113307},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,113310,113311],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[34,113313,113315],{"className":36,"code":113314,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,113316,113317,113342,113365,113369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113318,113319,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113320,113321],{"class":49},"chars ",[43,113323,98],{"class":97},[43,113325,11110],{"class":53},[43,113327,265],{"class":264},[43,113329,269],{"class":268},[43,113331,265],{"class":264},[43,113333,108],{"class":53},[43,113335,276],{"class":264},[43,113337,279],{"class":268},[43,113339,265],{"class":264},[43,113341,9928],{"class":53},[43,113343,113344,113346,113348,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113345,2836],{"class":49},[43,113347,98],{"class":97},[43,113349,113350],{"class":49}," chars",[43,113352,79],{"class":53},[43,113354,111659],{"class":148},[43,113356,145],{"class":53},[43,113358,265],{"class":264},[43,113360,37675],{"class":268},[43,113362,265],{"class":264},[43,113364,346],{"class":53},[43,113366,113367],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113368,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113370,113371,113373,113375,113377],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113372,142],{"class":141},[43,113374,145],{"class":53},[43,113376,2871],{"class":148},[43,113378,346],{"class":53},[14,113380,30655],{},[34,113382,113384],{"className":36,"code":113383,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,113385,113386],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113387,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113389,9897],{"class":53},[43,113391,361],{"class":264},[43,113393,269],{"class":268},[43,113395,361],{"class":264},[43,113397,108],{"class":53},[43,113399,370],{"class":264},[43,113401,279],{"class":268},[43,113403,361],{"class":264},[43,113405,108],{"class":53},[43,113407,370],{"class":264},[43,113409,288],{"class":268},[43,113411,361],{"class":264},[43,113413,108],{"class":53},[43,113415,370],{"class":264},[43,113417,63912],{"class":268},[43,113419,361],{"class":264},[43,113421,9928],{"class":53},[14,113423,22811,113424,113427],{},[18,113425,113426],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[389,113429,113430,113434,113438],{},[392,113431,113432],{},[18,113433,67105],{},[392,113435,113436],{},[18,113437,18718],{},[392,113439,113440],{},[18,113441,113442],{},"\"t\"",[81,113444,113446,11205,113448],{"id":113445},"union-vs-update",[18,113447,103189],{},[18,113449,15578],{},[14,113451,113452,1233,113454,113456],{},[18,113453,103189],{},[18,113455,15578],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1499,113458,113459],{"id":111659},[18,113460,103189],{},[389,113462,113463,113465],{},[392,113464,111021],{},[392,113466,111030],{},[34,113468,113469],{"className":36,"code":112554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,113470,113471,113487,113503,113507,113525,113529,113541],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113472,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113474,3161],{"class":49},[43,113476,98],{"class":97},[43,113478,11110],{"class":53},[43,113480,154],{"class":104},[43,113482,108],{"class":53},[43,113484,1525],{"class":104},[43,113486,9928],{"class":53},[43,113488,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113490,3189],{"class":49},[43,113492,98],{"class":97},[43,113494,11110],{"class":53},[43,113496,201],{"class":104},[43,113498,108],{"class":53},[43,113500,1530],{"class":104},[43,113502,9928],{"class":53},[43,113504,113505],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113508,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113510,2836],{"class":49},[43,113512,98],{"class":97},[43,113514,57515],{"class":49},[43,113516,79],{"class":53},[43,113518,111659],{"class":148},[43,113520,145],{"class":53},[43,113522,279],{"class":148},[43,113524,346],{"class":53},[43,113526,113527],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113528,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,113532,142],{"class":141},[43,113534,145],{"class":53},[43,113536,2871],{"class":148},[43,113538,4272],{"class":53},[43,113540,112627],{"class":165},[43,113542,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,113544,142],{"class":141},[43,113546,145],{"class":53},[43,113548,269],{"class":148},[43,113550,4272],{"class":53},[43,113552,112640],{"class":165},[1499,113554,113555],{"id":31090},[18,113556,15578],{},[389,113558,113559,113562],{},[392,113560,113561],{},"changes the existing set in place",[392,113563,113564],{},"does not create a separate result set",[34,113566,113568],{"className":36,"code":113567,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113569,113570,113586,113602,113606,113620,113624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113571,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113573,3161],{"class":49},[43,113575,98],{"class":97},[43,113577,11110],{"class":53},[43,113579,154],{"class":104},[43,113581,108],{"class":53},[43,113583,1525],{"class":104},[43,113585,9928],{"class":53},[43,113587,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113589,3189],{"class":49},[43,113591,98],{"class":97},[43,113593,11110],{"class":53},[43,113595,201],{"class":104},[43,113597,108],{"class":53},[43,113599,1530],{"class":104},[43,113601,9928],{"class":53},[43,113603,113604],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113605,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113609,269],{"class":49},[43,113611,79],{"class":53},[43,113613,31090],{"class":148},[43,113615,145],{"class":53},[43,113617,279],{"class":148},[43,113619,346],{"class":53},[43,113621,113622],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113625,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,113627,142],{"class":141},[43,113629,145],{"class":53},[43,113631,269],{"class":148},[43,113633,4272],{"class":53},[43,113635,112627],{"class":165},[14,113637,230,113638,113640],{},[18,113639,103189],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113642,113643,113644,79],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[269,113645,4187,113646,11361],{"href":98909},[18,113647,97704],{},[81,113649,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,113651,9071,113653,113655],{"id":113652},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113654,103189],{}," to change the original set",[14,113657,82214],{},[34,113659,113661],{"className":36,"code":113660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113662,113663,113679,113695,113699,113713],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113666,3161],{"class":49},[43,113668,98],{"class":97},[43,113670,11110],{"class":53},[43,113672,154],{"class":104},[43,113674,108],{"class":53},[43,113676,1525],{"class":104},[43,113678,9928],{"class":53},[43,113680,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113682,3189],{"class":49},[43,113684,98],{"class":97},[43,113686,11110],{"class":53},[43,113688,201],{"class":104},[43,113690,108],{"class":53},[43,113692,1530],{"class":104},[43,113694,9928],{"class":53},[43,113696,113697],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113698,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113700,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113702,269],{"class":49},[43,113704,79],{"class":53},[43,113706,111659],{"class":148},[43,113708,145],{"class":53},[43,113710,279],{"class":148},[43,113712,346],{"class":53},[43,113714,113715,113717,113719,113721],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113716,142],{"class":141},[43,113718,145],{"class":53},[43,113720,269],{"class":148},[43,113722,346],{"class":53},[14,113724,349],{},[34,113726,113727],{"className":36,"code":100897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,113728,113729],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113732,9897],{"class":53},[43,113734,154],{"class":104},[43,113736,108],{"class":53},[43,113738,1525],{"class":104},[43,113740,9928],{"class":53},[14,113742,9114,113743,113745],{},[18,113744,103189],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113747,113748],{},"Fix it like this:",[34,113750,113752],{"className":36,"code":113751,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113753,113754,113770,113786,113790,113808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113755,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113757,3161],{"class":49},[43,113759,98],{"class":97},[43,113761,11110],{"class":53},[43,113763,154],{"class":104},[43,113765,108],{"class":53},[43,113767,1525],{"class":104},[43,113769,9928],{"class":53},[43,113771,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113773,3189],{"class":49},[43,113775,98],{"class":97},[43,113777,11110],{"class":53},[43,113779,201],{"class":104},[43,113781,108],{"class":53},[43,113783,1530],{"class":104},[43,113785,9928],{"class":53},[43,113787,113788],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113789,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113791,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113793,3161],{"class":49},[43,113795,98],{"class":97},[43,113797,57515],{"class":49},[43,113799,79],{"class":53},[43,113801,111659],{"class":148},[43,113803,145],{"class":53},[43,113805,279],{"class":148},[43,113807,346],{"class":53},[43,113809,113810,113812,113814,113816],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,113811,142],{"class":141},[43,113813,145],{"class":53},[43,113815,269],{"class":148},[43,113817,346],{"class":53},[1499,113819,113821],{"id":113820},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113823,113824],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[34,113826,113828],{"className":36,"code":113827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113829,113830,113846,113862,113866],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113831,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113833,3161],{"class":49},[43,113835,98],{"class":97},[43,113837,11110],{"class":53},[43,113839,181],{"class":104},[43,113841,108],{"class":53},[43,113843,6113],{"class":104},[43,113845,9928],{"class":53},[43,113847,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113849,3189],{"class":49},[43,113851,98],{"class":97},[43,113853,11110],{"class":53},[43,113855,201],{"class":104},[43,113857,108],{"class":53},[43,113859,3064],{"class":104},[43,113861,9928],{"class":53},[43,113863,113864],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113865,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,113867,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,113869,142],{"class":141},[43,113871,145],{"class":53},[43,113873,269],{"class":148},[43,113875,79],{"class":53},[43,113877,111659],{"class":148},[43,113879,145],{"class":53},[43,113881,279],{"class":148},[43,113883,2377],{"class":53},[14,113885,113886],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1499,113888,113890],{"id":113889},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[34,113892,113894],{"className":36,"code":113893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113895,113896,113912,113934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113897,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113899,4685],{"class":49},[43,113901,98],{"class":97},[43,113903,11110],{"class":53},[43,113905,265],{"class":264},[43,113907,58753],{"class":268},[43,113909,265],{"class":264},[43,113911,9928],{"class":53},[43,113913,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113915,2836],{"class":49},[43,113917,98],{"class":97},[43,113919,6783],{"class":49},[43,113921,79],{"class":53},[43,113923,111659],{"class":148},[43,113925,145],{"class":53},[43,113927,265],{"class":264},[43,113929,37675],{"class":268},[43,113931,265],{"class":264},[43,113933,346],{"class":53},[43,113935,113936,113938,113940,113942],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,113937,142],{"class":141},[43,113939,145],{"class":53},[43,113941,2871],{"class":148},[43,113943,346],{"class":53},[14,113945,113946,113947,21,113949,25,113951,113953,113954,113956],{},"This adds ",[18,113948,67105],{},[18,113950,18718],{},[18,113952,113442],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113955,113426],{}," as one item.",[14,113958,113959],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[34,113961,113963],{"className":36,"code":113962,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113964,113965,113981,114003],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113966,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113968,4685],{"class":49},[43,113970,98],{"class":97},[43,113972,11110],{"class":53},[43,113974,265],{"class":264},[43,113976,58753],{"class":268},[43,113978,265],{"class":264},[43,113980,9928],{"class":53},[43,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,113984,2836],{"class":49},[43,113986,98],{"class":97},[43,113988,6783],{"class":49},[43,113990,79],{"class":53},[43,113992,111659],{"class":148},[43,113994,3595],{"class":53},[43,113996,265],{"class":264},[43,113998,37675],{"class":268},[43,114000,265],{"class":264},[43,114002,1547],{"class":53},[43,114004,114005,114007,114009,114011],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114006,142],{"class":141},[43,114008,145],{"class":53},[43,114010,2871],{"class":148},[43,114012,346],{"class":53},[1499,114014,114016],{"id":114015},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,114018,1505],{},[34,114020,114022],{"className":36,"code":114021,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,114023,114024],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114025,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114027,16251],{"class":49},[43,114029,98],{"class":97},[43,114031,11110],{"class":53},[43,114033,154],{"class":104},[43,114035,108],{"class":53},[43,114037,1525],{"class":104},[43,114039,108],{"class":53},[43,114041,101],{"class":53},[43,114043,181],{"class":104},[43,114045,108],{"class":53},[43,114047,3064],{"class":104},[43,114049,14331],{"class":53},[14,114051,114052],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,114054,114055,114056,59],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,114057,103189],{},[34,114059,114061],{"className":36,"code":114060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,114062,114063,114079,114101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114064,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114066,16251],{"class":49},[43,114068,98],{"class":97},[43,114070,11110],{"class":53},[43,114072,154],{"class":104},[43,114074,108],{"class":53},[43,114076,1525],{"class":104},[43,114078,9928],{"class":53},[43,114080,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114082,2836],{"class":49},[43,114084,98],{"class":97},[43,114086,97314],{"class":49},[43,114088,79],{"class":53},[43,114090,111659],{"class":148},[43,114092,3595],{"class":53},[43,114094,181],{"class":104},[43,114096,108],{"class":53},[43,114098,3064],{"class":104},[43,114100,1547],{"class":53},[43,114102,114103,114105,114107,114109],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114104,142],{"class":141},[43,114106,145],{"class":53},[43,114108,2871],{"class":148},[43,114110,346],{"class":53},[81,114112,114114],{"id":114113},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,114116,114117],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[389,114119,114120,114126,114133,114136],{},[392,114121,114122,114123,114125],{},"call ",[18,114124,103189],{}," without saving the returned set",[392,114127,114128,114129,1863,114131],{},"confuse ",[18,114130,103189],{},[18,114132,15578],{},[392,114134,114135],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[392,114137,114138],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,114140,114141,114142,1233,114146,79],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[269,114143,4187,114144,11361],{"href":103178},[18,114145,106963],{},[269,114147,4187,114149,11361],{"href":114148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,114150,100809],{},[14,114152,62920],{},[34,114154,114156],{"className":36,"code":114155,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,114157,114158,114168,114182,114192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114159,114160,114162,114164,114166],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114161,142],{"class":141},[43,114163,145],{"class":53},[43,114165,16289],{"class":148},[43,114167,346],{"class":53},[43,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114171,142],{"class":141},[43,114173,145],{"class":53},[43,114175,3832],{"class":3510},[43,114177,145],{"class":53},[43,114179,16289],{"class":148},[43,114181,2377],{"class":53},[43,114183,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114185,142],{"class":141},[43,114187,145],{"class":53},[43,114189,2871],{"class":148},[43,114191,346],{"class":53},[43,114193,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114195,32779],{"class":141},[43,114197,145],{"class":53},[43,114199,6902],{"class":3510},[43,114201,79],{"class":53},[43,114203,111659],{"class":25373},[43,114205,346],{"class":53},[81,114207,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,114209,13328,114211,103129],{"id":114210},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,114212,108433],{},[14,114214,103132],{},[1499,114216,5784,114218,114220],{"id":114217},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,114219,103189],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,114222,114223],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1499,114225,28953,114227,114229],{"id":114226},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,114228,103189],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,114231,42778,114232,114234],{},[18,114233,103189],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1499,114236,114238],{"id":114237},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,114240,114241],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1499,114243,5794,114245,1233,114247,2490],{"id":114244},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,114246,103189],{},[18,114248,114249],{},"|",[14,114251,114252,114253,114255,114256,114258],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,114254,114249],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,114257,103189],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[81,114260,2497],{"id":2496},[389,114262,114263,114267,114273,114279,114285],{},[392,114264,114265],{},[269,114266,96718],{"href":97889},[392,114268,114269],{},[269,114270,4187,114271,11361],{"href":98909},[18,114272,97704],{},[392,114274,114275],{},[269,114276,4187,114277,11361],{"href":103178},[18,114278,106963],{},[392,114280,114281],{},[269,114282,4187,114283,11361],{"href":114148},[18,114284,100809],{},[392,114286,114287],{},[269,114288,100734],{"href":99467},[2536,114290,114291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":114293},[114294,114295,114297,114298,114299,114300,114302,114308,114313,114320,114321,114332],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":112389,"depth":131,"text":114296},"What set.union() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":22591,"depth":131,"text":22592},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":112876,"depth":131,"text":114301},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113034,"depth":131,"text":114303,"children":114304},"Using union() with other iterables",[114305,114306,114307],{"id":113045,"depth":138,"text":113046},{"id":113165,"depth":138,"text":113166},{"id":113307,"depth":138,"text":113308},{"id":113445,"depth":131,"text":114309,"children":114310},"union() vs update()",[114311,114312],{"id":111659,"depth":138,"text":103189},{"id":31090,"depth":138,"text":15578},{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":114314},[114315,114317,114318,114319],{"id":113652,"depth":138,"text":114316},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113820,"depth":138,"text":113821},{"id":113889,"depth":138,"text":113890},{"id":114015,"depth":138,"text":114016},{"id":114113,"depth":131,"text":114114},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":114322},[114323,114325,114327,114329,114330],{"id":114210,"depth":138,"text":114324},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114217,"depth":138,"text":114326},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114226,"depth":138,"text":114328},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114237,"depth":138,"text":114238},{"id":114244,"depth":138,"text":114331},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112269,"description":114333},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114339,"title":114340,"body":114341,"description":116230,"extension":2572,"meta":116231,"navigation":134,"path":97203,"seo":116232,"stem":116233,"__hash__":116234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114342,"toc":116196},[114343,114348,114353,114361,114363,114421,114426,114431,114435,114447,114450,114524,114529,114531,114533,114552,114554,114571,114574,114601,114603,114673,114677,114679,114685,114687,114748,114753,114755,114812,114816,114821,114886,114888,114908,114915,114919,114924,115009,115012,115019,115122,115126,115131,115189,115192,115203,115217,115224,115282,115289,115292,115302,115306,115364,115368,115434,115437,115495,115502,115509,115512,115516,115525,115594,115598,115604,115692,115702,115706,115710,115714,115717,115778,115783,115840,115844,115846,115881,115888,115890,115944,115951,115955,115958,116023,116032,116038,116095,116097,116102,116106,116110,116113,116120,116128,116132,116137,116141,116147,116149,116184,116193],[10,114344,96590,114346,11943],{"id":114345},"python-set-update-method",[18,114347,15578],{},[14,114349,114350,114352],{},[18,114351,97704],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114354,114355,114356,114360],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[269,114357,114358],{"href":98890},[18,114359,96598],{},", which adds only one item.",[81,114362,4221],{"id":4220},[34,114364,114366],{"className":36,"code":114365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114367,114368,114384,114406,114416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114371,94],{"class":49},[43,114373,98],{"class":97},[43,114375,11110],{"class":53},[43,114377,154],{"class":104},[43,114379,108],{"class":53},[43,114381,1525],{"class":104},[43,114383,9928],{"class":53},[43,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114387,149],{"class":49},[43,114389,79],{"class":53},[43,114391,31090],{"class":148},[43,114393,3595],{"class":53},[43,114395,201],{"class":104},[43,114397,108],{"class":53},[43,114399,1530],{"class":104},[43,114401,108],{"class":53},[43,114403,3064],{"class":104},[43,114405,1547],{"class":53},[43,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114409,142],{"class":141},[43,114411,145],{"class":53},[43,114413,149],{"class":148},[43,114415,346],{"class":53},[43,114417,114418],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114419,114420],{"class":165},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114422,230,114423,114425],{},[18,114424,15578],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[81,114427,4289,114429,4292],{"id":114428},"what-setupdate-does",[18,114430,97704],{},[14,114432,114433,59],{},[18,114434,97704],{},[389,114436,114437,114440,114442,114445],{},[392,114438,114439],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[392,114441,96705],{},[392,114443,114444],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[392,114446,96708],{},[14,114448,114449],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[34,114451,114453],{"className":36,"code":114452,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114454,114455,114479,114505,114509,114519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114456,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114458,13700],{"class":49},[43,114460,98],{"class":97},[43,114462,11110],{"class":53},[43,114464,265],{"class":264},[43,114466,13717],{"class":268},[43,114468,265],{"class":264},[43,114470,108],{"class":53},[43,114472,276],{"class":264},[43,114474,13734],{"class":268},[43,114476,265],{"class":264},[43,114478,9928],{"class":53},[43,114480,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114482,18124],{"class":49},[43,114484,79],{"class":53},[43,114486,31090],{"class":148},[43,114488,3595],{"class":53},[43,114490,265],{"class":264},[43,114492,13734],{"class":268},[43,114494,265],{"class":264},[43,114496,108],{"class":53},[43,114498,276],{"class":264},[43,114500,18077],{"class":268},[43,114502,265],{"class":264},[43,114504,1547],{"class":53},[43,114506,114507],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114508,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114510,114511,114513,114515,114517],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114512,142],{"class":141},[43,114514,145],{"class":53},[43,114516,18124],{"class":148},[43,114518,346],{"class":53},[43,114520,114521],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114522,114523],{"class":165},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114525,21599,114526,114528],{},[18,114527,111424],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[81,114530,2763],{"id":2762},[14,114532,7835],{},[34,114534,114536],{"className":36,"code":114535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114537,114538],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114539,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114541,16289],{"class":49},[43,114543,79],{"class":53},[43,114545,31090],{"class":148},[43,114547,145],{"class":53},[43,114549,4333],{"class":148},[43,114551,346],{"class":53},[14,114553,80590],{},[389,114555,114556,114559,114562,114565,114568],{},[392,114557,114558],{},"A list",[392,114560,114561],{},"A tuple",[392,114563,114564],{},"Another set",[392,114566,114567],{},"A string",[392,114569,114570],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114572,114573],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[34,114575,114577],{"className":36,"code":114576,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114578,114579],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114580,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114582,16289],{"class":49},[43,114584,79],{"class":53},[43,114586,31090],{"class":148},[43,114588,145],{"class":53},[43,114590,269],{"class":148},[43,114592,108],{"class":53},[43,114594,3166],{"class":148},[43,114596,108],{"class":53},[43,114598,10301],{"class":148},[43,114600,346],{"class":53},[14,114602,494],{},[34,114604,114606],{"className":36,"code":114605,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114607,114608,114620,114654,114658,114668],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114609,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114611,4436],{"class":49},[43,114613,98],{"class":97},[43,114615,11110],{"class":53},[43,114617,154],{"class":104},[43,114619,9928],{"class":53},[43,114621,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114623,5974],{"class":49},[43,114625,79],{"class":53},[43,114627,31090],{"class":148},[43,114629,3595],{"class":53},[43,114631,201],{"class":104},[43,114633,108],{"class":53},[43,114635,1530],{"class":104},[43,114637,18684],{"class":53},[43,114639,9855],{"class":53},[43,114641,159],{"class":104},[43,114643,108],{"class":53},[43,114645,5221],{"class":104},[43,114647,9852],{"class":53},[43,114649,11110],{"class":53},[43,114651,80981],{"class":104},[43,114653,31122],{"class":53},[43,114655,114656],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114657,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114659,114660,114662,114664,114666],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114661,142],{"class":141},[43,114663,145],{"class":53},[43,114665,5974],{"class":148},[43,114667,346],{"class":53},[43,114669,114670],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114671,114672],{"class":165},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114674,96714,114675,79],{},[269,114676,96722],{"href":98273},[81,114678,22592],{"id":22591},[14,114680,114681,3004,114683,79],{},[18,114682,97704],{},[18,114684,4391],{},[14,114686,12337],{},[34,114688,114690],{"className":36,"code":114689,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114691,114692,114708,114730,114734,114744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114693,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114695,94],{"class":49},[43,114697,98],{"class":97},[43,114699,11110],{"class":53},[43,114701,154],{"class":104},[43,114703,108],{"class":53},[43,114705,1525],{"class":104},[43,114707,9928],{"class":53},[43,114709,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114711,2836],{"class":49},[43,114713,98],{"class":97},[43,114715,2071],{"class":49},[43,114717,79],{"class":53},[43,114719,31090],{"class":148},[43,114721,3595],{"class":53},[43,114723,181],{"class":104},[43,114725,108],{"class":53},[43,114727,3064],{"class":104},[43,114729,1547],{"class":53},[43,114731,114732],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114737,142],{"class":141},[43,114739,145],{"class":53},[43,114741,2871],{"class":148},[43,114743,346],{"class":53},[43,114745,114746],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114747,62456],{"class":165},[14,114749,114750,114751,79],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114752,2871],{},[14,114754,19590],{},[34,114756,114758],{"className":36,"code":114757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114759,114760,114776,114794,114798,114808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114763,94],{"class":49},[43,114765,98],{"class":97},[43,114767,11110],{"class":53},[43,114769,154],{"class":104},[43,114771,108],{"class":53},[43,114773,1525],{"class":104},[43,114775,9928],{"class":53},[43,114777,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114779,149],{"class":49},[43,114781,79],{"class":53},[43,114783,31090],{"class":148},[43,114785,3595],{"class":53},[43,114787,181],{"class":104},[43,114789,108],{"class":53},[43,114791,3064],{"class":104},[43,114793,1547],{"class":53},[43,114795,114796],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114797,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114801,142],{"class":141},[43,114803,145],{"class":53},[43,114805,149],{"class":148},[43,114807,346],{"class":53},[43,114809,114810],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114811,114420],{"class":165},[81,114813,114815],{"id":114814},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114817,114818,114819,79],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114820,15578],{},[34,114822,114824],{"className":36,"code":114823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114825,114826,114842,114868,114872,114882],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114827,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114829,94],{"class":49},[43,114831,98],{"class":97},[43,114833,11110],{"class":53},[43,114835,154],{"class":104},[43,114837,108],{"class":53},[43,114839,1525],{"class":104},[43,114841,9928],{"class":53},[43,114843,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114845,149],{"class":49},[43,114847,79],{"class":53},[43,114849,31090],{"class":148},[43,114851,3595],{"class":53},[43,114853,201],{"class":104},[43,114855,108],{"class":53},[43,114857,1530],{"class":104},[43,114859,108],{"class":53},[43,114861,3064],{"class":104},[43,114863,108],{"class":53},[43,114865,3064],{"class":104},[43,114867,1547],{"class":53},[43,114869,114870],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114871,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114873,114874,114876,114878,114880],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114875,142],{"class":141},[43,114877,145],{"class":53},[43,114879,149],{"class":148},[43,114881,346],{"class":53},[43,114883,114884],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114885,114420],{"class":165},[14,114887,12306],{},[389,114889,114890,114895,114902],{},[392,114891,114892,114894],{},[18,114893,201],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[392,114896,114897,1233,114899,114901],{},[18,114898,181],{},[18,114900,159],{}," are added",[392,114903,114904,114905,114907],{},"The second ",[18,114906,159],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114909,114910,114911,114914],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[269,114912,114913],{"href":99467},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[81,114916,114918],{"id":114917},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114920,8381,114921,114923],{},[18,114922,15578],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[34,114925,114927],{"className":36,"code":114926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114928,114929,114950,114971,114975,114991,114995,115005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114930,114931,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114932,114933],{"class":49},"set_a ",[43,114935,98],{"class":97},[43,114937,11110],{"class":53},[43,114939,154],{"class":104},[43,114941,108],{"class":53},[43,114943,1525],{"class":104},[43,114945,108],{"class":53},[43,114947,1530],{"class":104},[43,114949,9928],{"class":53},[43,114951,114952,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,114953,114954],{"class":49},"set_b ",[43,114956,98],{"class":97},[43,114958,11110],{"class":53},[43,114960,181],{"class":104},[43,114962,108],{"class":53},[43,114964,3064],{"class":104},[43,114966,108],{"class":53},[43,114968,5221],{"class":104},[43,114970,9928],{"class":53},[43,114972,114973],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,114974,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114976,114977,114980,114982,114984,114986,114989],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,114978,114979],{"class":49},"set_a",[43,114981,79],{"class":53},[43,114983,31090],{"class":148},[43,114985,145],{"class":53},[43,114987,114988],{"class":148},"set_b",[43,114990,346],{"class":53},[43,114992,114993],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,114994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,114996,114997,114999,115001,115003],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,114998,142],{"class":141},[43,115000,145],{"class":53},[43,115002,114979],{"class":148},[43,115004,346],{"class":53},[43,115006,115007],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,115008,112381],{"class":165},[14,115010,115011],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,115013,115014,115015,79],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[269,115016,115017],{"href":103186},[18,115018,108433],{},[34,115020,115022],{"className":36,"code":115021,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115023,115024,115044,115064,115068,115088,115092,115103,115107,115117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115025,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115027,114933],{"class":49},[43,115029,98],{"class":97},[43,115031,11110],{"class":53},[43,115033,154],{"class":104},[43,115035,108],{"class":53},[43,115037,1525],{"class":104},[43,115039,108],{"class":53},[43,115041,1530],{"class":104},[43,115043,9928],{"class":53},[43,115045,115046,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115047,114954],{"class":49},[43,115049,98],{"class":97},[43,115051,11110],{"class":53},[43,115053,181],{"class":104},[43,115055,108],{"class":53},[43,115057,3064],{"class":104},[43,115059,108],{"class":53},[43,115061,5221],{"class":104},[43,115063,9928],{"class":53},[43,115065,115066],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115067,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115069,115070,115073,115075,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115071,115072],{"class":49},"combined ",[43,115074,98],{"class":97},[43,115076,115077],{"class":49}," set_a",[43,115079,79],{"class":53},[43,115081,111659],{"class":148},[43,115083,145],{"class":53},[43,115085,114988],{"class":148},[43,115087,346],{"class":53},[43,115089,115090],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115091,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115093,115094,115096,115098,115101],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,115095,142],{"class":141},[43,115097,145],{"class":53},[43,115099,115100],{"class":148},"combined",[43,115102,346],{"class":53},[43,115104,115105],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,115106,112381],{"class":165},[43,115108,115109,115111,115113,115115],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,115110,142],{"class":141},[43,115112,145],{"class":53},[43,115114,114979],{"class":148},[43,115116,346],{"class":53},[43,115118,115119],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,115120,115121],{"class":165},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[81,115123,115125],{"id":115124},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,115127,65365,115128,115130],{},[18,115129,15578],{}," adds each character separately.",[34,115132,115134],{"className":36,"code":115133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,115135,115136,115152,115170,115174,115184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115137,115138,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115139,257],{"class":49},[43,115141,98],{"class":97},[43,115143,11110],{"class":53},[43,115145,265],{"class":264},[43,115147,2780],{"class":268},[43,115149,265],{"class":264},[43,115151,9928],{"class":53},[43,115153,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115155,1079],{"class":49},[43,115157,79],{"class":53},[43,115159,31090],{"class":148},[43,115161,145],{"class":53},[43,115163,265],{"class":264},[43,115165,37675],{"class":268},[43,115167,265],{"class":264},[43,115169,346],{"class":53},[43,115171,115172],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115175,115176,115178,115180,115182],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115177,142],{"class":141},[43,115179,145],{"class":53},[43,115181,1079],{"class":148},[43,115183,346],{"class":53},[43,115185,115186],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115187,115188],{"class":165},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,115190,115191],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,115193,115194,14678,115197,115199,115200,115202],{},[18,115195,115196],{},"update(\"cat\")",[76,115198,1957],{}," add ",[18,115201,113426],{}," as one item. It adds:",[389,115204,115205,115209,115213],{},[392,115206,115207],{},[18,115208,67105],{},[392,115210,115211],{},[18,115212,18718],{},[392,115214,115215],{},[18,115216,113442],{},[14,115218,115219,115220,59],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[269,115221,115222],{"href":98890},[18,115223,96598],{},[34,115225,115227],{"className":36,"code":115226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115228,115229,115245,115263,115267,115277],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115230,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115232,4685],{"class":49},[43,115234,98],{"class":97},[43,115236,11110],{"class":53},[43,115238,265],{"class":264},[43,115240,58753],{"class":268},[43,115242,265],{"class":264},[43,115244,9928],{"class":53},[43,115246,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259,115261],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115248,4729],{"class":49},[43,115250,79],{"class":53},[43,115252,82493],{"class":148},[43,115254,145],{"class":53},[43,115256,265],{"class":264},[43,115258,37675],{"class":268},[43,115260,265],{"class":264},[43,115262,346],{"class":53},[43,115264,115265],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115266,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115268,115269,115271,115273,115275],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115270,142],{"class":141},[43,115272,145],{"class":53},[43,115274,4729],{"class":148},[43,115276,346],{"class":53},[43,115278,115279],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115280,115281],{"class":165},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[81,115283,115285,11205,115287],{"id":115284},"update-vs-add",[18,115286,15578],{},[18,115288,96593],{},[14,115290,115291],{},"The difference is simple:",[389,115293,115294,115298],{},[392,115295,115296,97192],{},[18,115297,96593],{},[392,115299,115300,97197],{},[18,115301,15578],{},[14,115303,46667,115304,59],{},[18,115305,96593],{},[34,115307,115309],{"className":36,"code":115308,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,115310,115311,115327,115345,115349,115359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115312,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115314,36867],{"class":49},[43,115316,98],{"class":97},[43,115318,11110],{"class":53},[43,115320,265],{"class":264},[43,115322,4694],{"class":268},[43,115324,265],{"class":264},[43,115326,9928],{"class":53},[43,115328,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115330,36919],{"class":49},[43,115332,79],{"class":53},[43,115334,82493],{"class":148},[43,115336,145],{"class":53},[43,115338,265],{"class":264},[43,115340,4703],{"class":268},[43,115342,265],{"class":264},[43,115344,346],{"class":53},[43,115346,115347],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115350,115351,115353,115355,115357],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115352,142],{"class":141},[43,115354,145],{"class":53},[43,115356,36919],{"class":148},[43,115358,346],{"class":53},[43,115360,115361],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115362,115363],{"class":165},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115365,46667,115366,59],{},[18,115367,15578],{},[34,115369,115371],{"className":36,"code":115370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,115372,115373,115389,115415,115419,115429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115376,36867],{"class":49},[43,115378,98],{"class":97},[43,115380,11110],{"class":53},[43,115382,265],{"class":264},[43,115384,4694],{"class":268},[43,115386,265],{"class":264},[43,115388,9928],{"class":53},[43,115390,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115392,36919],{"class":49},[43,115394,79],{"class":53},[43,115396,31090],{"class":148},[43,115398,3595],{"class":53},[43,115400,265],{"class":264},[43,115402,4703],{"class":268},[43,115404,265],{"class":264},[43,115406,108],{"class":53},[43,115408,276],{"class":264},[43,115410,33848],{"class":268},[43,115412,265],{"class":264},[43,115414,1547],{"class":53},[43,115416,115417],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115418,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115420,115421,115423,115425,115427],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115422,142],{"class":141},[43,115424,145],{"class":53},[43,115426,36919],{"class":148},[43,115428,346],{"class":53},[43,115430,115431],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115432,115433],{"class":165},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115435,115436],{},"Important warning with strings:",[34,115438,115440],{"className":36,"code":115439,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115441,115442,115458,115476,115480,115490],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115443,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115445,36867],{"class":49},[43,115447,98],{"class":97},[43,115449,11110],{"class":53},[43,115451,265],{"class":264},[43,115453,4694],{"class":268},[43,115455,265],{"class":264},[43,115457,9928],{"class":53},[43,115459,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115461,36919],{"class":49},[43,115463,79],{"class":53},[43,115465,31090],{"class":148},[43,115467,145],{"class":53},[43,115469,265],{"class":264},[43,115471,38968],{"class":268},[43,115473,265],{"class":264},[43,115475,346],{"class":53},[43,115477,115478],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115479,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115483,142],{"class":141},[43,115485,145],{"class":53},[43,115487,36919],{"class":148},[43,115489,346],{"class":53},[43,115491,115492],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115493,115494],{"class":165},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115496,62731,115497,62804,115500,7247],{},[18,115498,115499],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115501,96593],{},[81,115503,115505,11205,115507],{"id":115504},"update-vs-union",[18,115506,15578],{},[18,115508,103189],{},[14,115510,115511],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1499,115513,115514],{"id":31090},[18,115515,15578],{},[389,115517,115518,115521],{},[392,115519,115520],{},"Changes the existing set",[392,115522,12045,115523],{},[18,115524,4391],{},[34,115526,115528],{"className":36,"code":115527,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115529,115530,115546,115562,115566,115580,115590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115531,115532,115534,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115533,3161],{"class":49},[43,115535,98],{"class":97},[43,115537,11110],{"class":53},[43,115539,154],{"class":104},[43,115541,108],{"class":53},[43,115543,1525],{"class":104},[43,115545,9928],{"class":53},[43,115547,115548,115550,115552,115554,115556,115558,115560],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115549,3189],{"class":49},[43,115551,98],{"class":97},[43,115553,11110],{"class":53},[43,115555,201],{"class":104},[43,115557,108],{"class":53},[43,115559,1530],{"class":104},[43,115561,9928],{"class":53},[43,115563,115564],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115565,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115567,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115569,269],{"class":49},[43,115571,79],{"class":53},[43,115573,31090],{"class":148},[43,115575,145],{"class":53},[43,115577,279],{"class":148},[43,115579,346],{"class":53},[43,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115583,142],{"class":141},[43,115585,145],{"class":53},[43,115587,269],{"class":148},[43,115589,346],{"class":53},[43,115591,115592],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,115593,115121],{"class":165},[1499,115595,115596],{"id":111659},[18,115597,103189],{},[389,115599,115600,115602],{},[392,115601,101727],{},[392,115603,101730],{},[34,115605,115607],{"className":36,"code":115606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115608,115609,115625,115641,115645,115663,115673,115677,115687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115610,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115612,3161],{"class":49},[43,115614,98],{"class":97},[43,115616,11110],{"class":53},[43,115618,154],{"class":104},[43,115620,108],{"class":53},[43,115622,1525],{"class":104},[43,115624,9928],{"class":53},[43,115626,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115628,3189],{"class":49},[43,115630,98],{"class":97},[43,115632,11110],{"class":53},[43,115634,201],{"class":104},[43,115636,108],{"class":53},[43,115638,1530],{"class":104},[43,115640,9928],{"class":53},[43,115642,115643],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115644,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115646,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115648,83573],{"class":49},[43,115650,98],{"class":97},[43,115652,57515],{"class":49},[43,115654,79],{"class":53},[43,115656,111659],{"class":148},[43,115658,145],{"class":53},[43,115660,279],{"class":148},[43,115662,346],{"class":53},[43,115664,115665,115667,115669,115671],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115666,142],{"class":141},[43,115668,145],{"class":53},[43,115670,288],{"class":148},[43,115672,346],{"class":53},[43,115674,115675],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,115676,115121],{"class":165},[43,115678,115679,115681,115683,115685],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,115680,142],{"class":141},[43,115682,145],{"class":53},[43,115684,269],{"class":148},[43,115686,346],{"class":53},[43,115688,115689],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,115690,115691],{"class":165},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115693,108075,115694,115696,115697,115701],{},[18,115695,15578],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[269,115698,115699],{"href":103186},[18,115700,103189],{}," when you want a new set.",[81,115703,115705],{"id":115704},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115707,11368,115708,79],{},[18,115709,97704],{},[1499,115711,115713],{"id":115712},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115715,115716],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[34,115718,115720],{"className":36,"code":115719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115721,115722,115738,115760,115764,115774],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115723,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734,115736],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115725,16251],{"class":49},[43,115727,98],{"class":97},[43,115729,11110],{"class":53},[43,115731,154],{"class":104},[43,115733,108],{"class":53},[43,115735,1525],{"class":104},[43,115737,9928],{"class":53},[43,115739,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756,115758],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115741,2836],{"class":49},[43,115743,98],{"class":97},[43,115745,97314],{"class":49},[43,115747,79],{"class":53},[43,115749,31090],{"class":148},[43,115751,3595],{"class":53},[43,115753,181],{"class":104},[43,115755,108],{"class":53},[43,115757,3064],{"class":104},[43,115759,1547],{"class":53},[43,115761,115762],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115763,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115765,115766,115768,115770,115772],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115767,142],{"class":141},[43,115769,145],{"class":53},[43,115771,2871],{"class":148},[43,115773,346],{"class":53},[43,115775,115776],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115777,62456],{"class":165},[14,115779,115780,115781,59],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115782,15578],{},[34,115784,115786],{"className":36,"code":115785,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115787,115788,115804,115822,115826,115836],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115789,115790,115792,115794,115796,115798,115800,115802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115791,16251],{"class":49},[43,115793,98],{"class":97},[43,115795,11110],{"class":53},[43,115797,154],{"class":104},[43,115799,108],{"class":53},[43,115801,1525],{"class":104},[43,115803,9928],{"class":53},[43,115805,115806,115808,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818,115820],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115807,16289],{"class":49},[43,115809,79],{"class":53},[43,115811,31090],{"class":148},[43,115813,3595],{"class":53},[43,115815,181],{"class":104},[43,115817,108],{"class":53},[43,115819,3064],{"class":104},[43,115821,1547],{"class":53},[43,115823,115824],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115825,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115827,115828,115830,115832,115834],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115829,142],{"class":141},[43,115831,145],{"class":53},[43,115833,16289],{"class":148},[43,115835,346],{"class":53},[43,115837,115838],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115839,114420],{"class":165},[1499,115841,115843],{"id":115842},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115845,1505],{},[34,115847,115849],{"className":36,"code":115848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115850,115851,115867],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115852,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115854,16251],{"class":49},[43,115856,98],{"class":97},[43,115858,11110],{"class":53},[43,115860,154],{"class":104},[43,115862,108],{"class":53},[43,115864,1525],{"class":104},[43,115866,9928],{"class":53},[43,115868,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115870,16289],{"class":49},[43,115872,79],{"class":53},[43,115874,31090],{"class":148},[43,115876,145],{"class":53},[43,115878,831],{"class":104},[43,115880,346],{"class":53},[14,115882,62910,115883,9220,115885,115887],{},[18,115884,3614],{},[18,115886,831],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115889,7170],{},[34,115891,115893],{"className":36,"code":115892,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115894,115895,115911,115925,115929,115939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115896,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115898,16251],{"class":49},[43,115900,98],{"class":97},[43,115902,11110],{"class":53},[43,115904,154],{"class":104},[43,115906,108],{"class":53},[43,115908,1525],{"class":104},[43,115910,9928],{"class":53},[43,115912,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115914,16289],{"class":49},[43,115916,79],{"class":53},[43,115918,31090],{"class":148},[43,115920,3595],{"class":53},[43,115922,831],{"class":104},[43,115924,1547],{"class":53},[43,115926,115927],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,115928,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,115930,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,115932,142],{"class":141},[43,115934,145],{"class":53},[43,115936,16289],{"class":148},[43,115938,346],{"class":53},[43,115940,115941],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,115942,115943],{"class":165},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115945,46540,115946,79],{},[269,115947,26303,115948],{"href":53227},[18,115949,115950],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1499,115952,115954],{"id":115953},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115956,115957],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[34,115959,115961],{"className":36,"code":115960,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115962,115963,115979,116005,116009,116019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115964,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115966,16251],{"class":49},[43,115968,98],{"class":97},[43,115970,11110],{"class":53},[43,115972,154],{"class":104},[43,115974,108],{"class":53},[43,115976,1525],{"class":104},[43,115978,9928],{"class":53},[43,115980,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,115982,16289],{"class":49},[43,115984,79],{"class":53},[43,115986,31090],{"class":148},[43,115988,3595],{"class":53},[43,115990,201],{"class":104},[43,115992,108],{"class":53},[43,115994,1525],{"class":104},[43,115996,108],{"class":53},[43,115998,1525],{"class":104},[43,116000,108],{"class":53},[43,116002,1530],{"class":104},[43,116004,1547],{"class":53},[43,116006,116007],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116008,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116010,116011,116013,116015,116017],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116012,142],{"class":141},[43,116014,145],{"class":53},[43,116016,16289],{"class":148},[43,116018,346],{"class":53},[43,116020,116021],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116022,115121],{"class":165},[1499,116024,116026,116027,45256,116029,116031],{"id":116025},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,116028,15578],{},[18,116030,96593],{}," is better",[14,116033,116034,116035,116037],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,116036,96593],{}," is usually the better choice.",[34,116039,116041],{"className":36,"code":116040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,116042,116043,116059,116077,116081,116091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116044,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116046,16251],{"class":49},[43,116048,98],{"class":97},[43,116050,11110],{"class":53},[43,116052,265],{"class":264},[43,116054,58753],{"class":268},[43,116056,265],{"class":264},[43,116058,9928],{"class":53},[43,116060,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116062,16289],{"class":49},[43,116064,79],{"class":53},[43,116066,82493],{"class":148},[43,116068,145],{"class":53},[43,116070,265],{"class":264},[43,116072,37675],{"class":268},[43,116074,265],{"class":264},[43,116076,346],{"class":53},[43,116078,116079],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116080,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116084,142],{"class":141},[43,116086,145],{"class":53},[43,116088,16289],{"class":148},[43,116090,346],{"class":53},[43,116092,116093],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116094,115281],{"class":165},[81,116096,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,116098,13328,116100,97683],{"id":116099},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,116101,97704],{},[14,116103,97686,116104,79],{},[18,116105,4391],{},[1499,116107,28953,116108,32853],{"id":32850},[18,116109,15578],{},[14,116111,116112],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1499,116114,5794,116116,1233,116118,2490],{"id":116115},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,116117,96593],{},[18,116119,15578],{},[14,116121,116122,116124,116125,116127],{},[18,116123,96593],{}," adds one item. ",[18,116126,15578],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1499,116129,116131],{"id":116130},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,116133,116134,116135,115130],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,116136,15578],{},[1499,116138,116140],{"id":116139},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,116142,230,116143,11713,116145,79],{},[18,116144,103189],{},[18,116146,15578],{},[81,116148,2497],{"id":2496},[389,116150,116151,116158,116165,116171,116177],{},[392,116152,116153],{},[269,116154,116155],{"href":98890},[18,116156,116157],{},"Python set add() method",[392,116159,116160],{},[269,116161,116162],{"href":103186},[18,116163,116164],{},"Python set union() method",[392,116166,116167],{},[269,116168,116169],{"href":98273},[18,116170,97728],{},[392,116172,116173],{},[269,116174,116175],{"href":99467},[18,116176,100734],{},[392,116178,116179],{},[269,116180,116181,116183],{"href":53227},[18,116182,115950],{}," fix",[14,116185,116186,116187,116189,116190,116192],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,116188,96598],{}," for a single value and ",[18,116191,108433],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2536,116194,116195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":116197},[116198,116199,116201,116202,116203,116204,116205,116206,116208,116213,116220,116229],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":114428,"depth":131,"text":116200},"What set.update() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":22591,"depth":131,"text":22592},{"id":114814,"depth":131,"text":114815},{"id":114917,"depth":131,"text":114918},{"id":115124,"depth":131,"text":115125},{"id":115284,"depth":131,"text":116207},"update() vs add()",{"id":115504,"depth":131,"text":116209,"children":116210},"update() vs union()",[116211,116212],{"id":31090,"depth":138,"text":15578},{"id":111659,"depth":138,"text":103189},{"id":115704,"depth":131,"text":115705,"children":116214},[116215,116216,116217,116218],{"id":115712,"depth":138,"text":115713},{"id":115842,"depth":138,"text":115843},{"id":115953,"depth":138,"text":115954},{"id":116025,"depth":138,"text":116219},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":116221},[116222,116224,116225,116227,116228],{"id":116099,"depth":138,"text":116223},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32850,"depth":138,"text":32923},{"id":116115,"depth":138,"text":116226},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116130,"depth":138,"text":116131},{"id":116139,"depth":138,"text":116140},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114340,"description":116230},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116236,"title":116237,"body":116238,"description":118004,"extension":2572,"meta":118005,"navigation":134,"path":14414,"seo":118006,"stem":118007,"__hash__":118008},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116239,"toc":117979},[116240,116243,116246,116249,116260,116268,116271,116273,116422,116434,116438,116455,116459,116467,116469,116480,116482,116579,116585,116588,116684,116693,116698,116702,116707,116709,116719,116721,116830,116838,116842,116845,116848,116865,116871,116951,116954,116958,116961,116965,116968,117027,117030,117034,117037,117129,117133,117136,117243,117247,117253,117281,117283,117365,117375,117379,117382,117393,117396,117481,117484,117489,117493,117496,117507,117510,117652,117655,117659,117662,117676,117679,117740,117746,117748,117751,117773,117776,117876,117879,117911,117913,117917,117920,117922,117925,117929,117932,117936,117939,117943,117946,117948,117976],[10,116241,116237],{"id":116242},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,116244,116245],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,116247,116248],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[389,116250,116251,116254,116257],{},[392,116252,116253],{},"a list inside another list",[392,116255,116256],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[392,116258,116259],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,116261,100656,116262,1233,116264,116267],{},[76,116263,13475],{},[76,116265,116266],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,116269,116270],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[81,116272,84],{"id":83},[34,116274,116276],{"className":36,"code":116275,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116277,116278,116285,116289,116315,116335,116355,116359,116377,116381,116394,116408],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116279,116280,116282],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116281,35720],{"class":4491},[43,116283,116284],{"class":49}," copy\n",[43,116286,116287],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116288,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116292,12709],{"class":49},[43,116294,98],{"class":97},[43,116296,56922],{"class":53},[43,116298,154],{"class":104},[43,116300,108],{"class":53},[43,116302,1525],{"class":104},[43,116304,18684],{"class":53},[43,116306,101],{"class":53},[43,116308,181],{"class":104},[43,116310,108],{"class":53},[43,116312,3064],{"class":104},[43,116314,53870],{"class":53},[43,116316,116317,116320,116322,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116318,116319],{"class":49},"shallow ",[43,116321,98],{"class":97},[43,116323,116324],{"class":49}," copy",[43,116326,79],{"class":53},[43,116328,13536],{"class":148},[43,116330,145],{"class":53},[43,116332,12756],{"class":148},[43,116334,346],{"class":53},[43,116336,116337,116340,116342,116344,116346,116349,116351,116353],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116338,116339],{"class":49},"deep ",[43,116341,98],{"class":97},[43,116343,116324],{"class":49},[43,116345,79],{"class":53},[43,116347,116348],{"class":148},"deepcopy",[43,116350,145],{"class":53},[43,116352,12756],{"class":148},[43,116354,346],{"class":53},[43,116356,116357],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,116358,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116360,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,116362,12756],{"class":49},[43,116364,54],{"class":53},[43,116366,1277],{"class":104},[43,116368,14175],{"class":53},[43,116370,14178],{"class":148},[43,116372,145],{"class":53},[43,116374,56975],{"class":104},[43,116376,346],{"class":53},[43,116378,116379],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,116380,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116382,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,116384,142],{"class":141},[43,116386,145],{"class":53},[43,116388,12756],{"class":148},[43,116390,4272],{"class":53},[43,116392,116393],{"class":165},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116395,116396,116398,116400,116403,116405],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,116397,142],{"class":141},[43,116399,145],{"class":53},[43,116401,116402],{"class":148},"shallow",[43,116404,4272],{"class":53},[43,116406,116407],{"class":165},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116409,116410,116412,116414,116417,116419],{"class":45,"line":12217},[43,116411,142],{"class":141},[43,116413,145],{"class":53},[43,116415,116416],{"class":148},"deep",[43,116418,4272],{"class":53},[43,116420,116421],{"class":165},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116423,230,116424,116427,116428,1233,116430,116433],{},[18,116425,116426],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[76,116429,13475],{},[18,116431,116432],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[81,116435,116437],{"id":116436},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[389,116439,116440,116443,116446,116449,116452],{},[392,116441,116442],{},"What a copy means in Python",[392,116444,116445],{},"How shallow copy works",[392,116447,116448],{},"How deep copy works",[392,116450,116451],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[392,116453,116454],{},"When to use each approach",[81,116456,116458],{"id":116457},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116460,15811,116461,116463,116464,116466],{},[76,116462,13475],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[76,116465,1957],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116468,2713],{},[389,116470,116471,116474,116477],{},[392,116472,116473],{},"the outer container is new",[392,116475,116476],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[392,116478,116479],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116481,494],{},[34,116483,116485],{"className":36,"code":116484,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116486,116487,116513,116527,116531,116549,116553,116566],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116488,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116490,12709],{"class":49},[43,116492,98],{"class":97},[43,116494,56922],{"class":53},[43,116496,154],{"class":104},[43,116498,108],{"class":53},[43,116500,1525],{"class":104},[43,116502,18684],{"class":53},[43,116504,101],{"class":53},[43,116506,181],{"class":104},[43,116508,108],{"class":53},[43,116510,3064],{"class":104},[43,116512,53870],{"class":53},[43,116514,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116516,14936],{"class":49},[43,116518,98],{"class":97},[43,116520,12784],{"class":49},[43,116522,79],{"class":53},[43,116524,13536],{"class":148},[43,116526,9262],{"class":53},[43,116528,116529],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116530,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116532,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116534,14955],{"class":49},[43,116536,79],{"class":53},[43,116538,14178],{"class":148},[43,116540,3595],{"class":53},[43,116542,831],{"class":104},[43,116544,108],{"class":53},[43,116546,38271],{"class":104},[43,116548,1547],{"class":53},[43,116550,116551],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116552,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116554,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,116556,142],{"class":141},[43,116558,145],{"class":53},[43,116560,12756],{"class":148},[43,116562,4272],{"class":53},[43,116564,116565],{"class":165},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116567,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,116569,142],{"class":141},[43,116571,145],{"class":53},[43,116573,14955],{"class":148},[43,116575,4272],{"class":53},[43,116577,116578],{"class":165},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116580,116581,116582,116584],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116583,14955],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116586,116587],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[34,116589,116591],{"className":36,"code":116590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116592,116593,116619,116633,116637,116655,116659,116671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116594,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116596,12709],{"class":49},[43,116598,98],{"class":97},[43,116600,56922],{"class":53},[43,116602,154],{"class":104},[43,116604,108],{"class":53},[43,116606,1525],{"class":104},[43,116608,18684],{"class":53},[43,116610,101],{"class":53},[43,116612,181],{"class":104},[43,116614,108],{"class":53},[43,116616,3064],{"class":104},[43,116618,53870],{"class":53},[43,116620,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116622,14936],{"class":49},[43,116624,98],{"class":97},[43,116626,12784],{"class":49},[43,116628,79],{"class":53},[43,116630,13536],{"class":148},[43,116632,9262],{"class":53},[43,116634,116635],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116636,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116638,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116640,14955],{"class":49},[43,116642,54],{"class":53},[43,116644,1277],{"class":104},[43,116646,14175],{"class":53},[43,116648,14178],{"class":148},[43,116650,145],{"class":53},[43,116652,56975],{"class":104},[43,116654,346],{"class":53},[43,116656,116657],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116658,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116660,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,116662,142],{"class":141},[43,116664,145],{"class":53},[43,116666,12756],{"class":148},[43,116668,4272],{"class":53},[43,116670,116393],{"class":165},[43,116672,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,116674,142],{"class":141},[43,116676,145],{"class":53},[43,116678,14955],{"class":148},[43,116680,4272],{"class":53},[43,116682,116683],{"class":165},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116685,116686,116687,1233,116689,116692],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116688,57079],{},[18,116690,116691],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116694,116695,116696,79],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[269,116697,44562],{"href":12688},[81,116699,116701],{"id":116700},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116703,15811,116704,116706],{},[76,116705,116266],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116708,2713],{},[389,116710,116711,116713,116716],{},[392,116712,116473],{},[392,116714,116715],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[392,116717,116718],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116720,494],{},[34,116722,116724],{"className":36,"code":116723,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116725,116726,116732,116736,116762,116780,116784,116802,116806,116818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116727,116728,116730],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116729,35720],{"class":4491},[43,116731,116284],{"class":49},[43,116733,116734],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116735,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116737,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116739,12709],{"class":49},[43,116741,98],{"class":97},[43,116743,56922],{"class":53},[43,116745,154],{"class":104},[43,116747,108],{"class":53},[43,116749,1525],{"class":104},[43,116751,18684],{"class":53},[43,116753,101],{"class":53},[43,116755,181],{"class":104},[43,116757,108],{"class":53},[43,116759,3064],{"class":104},[43,116761,53870],{"class":53},[43,116763,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116765,14936],{"class":49},[43,116767,98],{"class":97},[43,116769,116324],{"class":49},[43,116771,79],{"class":53},[43,116773,116348],{"class":148},[43,116775,145],{"class":53},[43,116777,12756],{"class":148},[43,116779,346],{"class":53},[43,116781,116782],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116783,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116785,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,116787,14955],{"class":49},[43,116789,54],{"class":53},[43,116791,1277],{"class":104},[43,116793,14175],{"class":53},[43,116795,14178],{"class":148},[43,116797,145],{"class":53},[43,116799,56975],{"class":104},[43,116801,346],{"class":53},[43,116803,116804],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,116805,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,116809,142],{"class":141},[43,116811,145],{"class":53},[43,116813,12756],{"class":148},[43,116815,4272],{"class":53},[43,116817,116565],{"class":165},[43,116819,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,116821,142],{"class":141},[43,116823,145],{"class":53},[43,116825,14955],{"class":148},[43,116827,4272],{"class":53},[43,116829,116683],{"class":165},[14,116831,116832,116833,116835,116836,79],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116834,116691],{}," does not change ",[18,116837,57079],{},[81,116839,116841],{"id":116840},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116843,116844],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116846,116847],{},"Common reasons:",[389,116849,116850,116853,116856,116862],{},[392,116851,116852],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[392,116854,116855],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[392,116857,116858,116859,116861],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116860,98],{}," does not make a copy",[392,116863,116864],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116866,116867,116868,116870],{},"For example, this does ",[76,116869,1957],{}," create a copy:",[34,116872,116874],{"className":36,"code":116873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116875,116876,116896,116904,116908,116922,116926,116938],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116877,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116879,12709],{"class":49},[43,116881,98],{"class":97},[43,116883,101],{"class":53},[43,116885,154],{"class":104},[43,116887,108],{"class":53},[43,116889,1525],{"class":104},[43,116891,108],{"class":53},[43,116893,1530],{"class":104},[43,116895,68],{"class":53},[43,116897,116898,116900,116902],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,116899,14936],{"class":49},[43,116901,98],{"class":97},[43,116903,12747],{"class":49},[43,116905,116906],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,116907,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116909,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,116911,14955],{"class":49},[43,116913,79],{"class":53},[43,116915,14178],{"class":148},[43,116917,145],{"class":53},[43,116919,159],{"class":104},[43,116921,346],{"class":53},[43,116923,116924],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,116925,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,116927,116928,116930,116932,116934,116936],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,116929,142],{"class":141},[43,116931,145],{"class":53},[43,116933,12756],{"class":148},[43,116935,4272],{"class":53},[43,116937,56329],{"class":165},[43,116939,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,116941,142],{"class":141},[43,116943,145],{"class":53},[43,116945,14955],{"class":148},[43,116947,4272],{"class":53},[43,116949,116950],{"class":165},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116952,116953],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[81,116955,116957],{"id":116956},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116959,116960],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1499,116962,116964],{"id":116963},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116966,116967],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[34,116969,116971],{"className":36,"code":116970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116972,116973,116999,117007,117011],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116974,116975,116977,116979,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116976,12709],{"class":49},[43,116978,98],{"class":97},[43,116980,56922],{"class":53},[43,116982,154],{"class":104},[43,116984,108],{"class":53},[43,116986,1525],{"class":104},[43,116988,18684],{"class":53},[43,116990,101],{"class":53},[43,116992,181],{"class":104},[43,116994,108],{"class":53},[43,116996,3064],{"class":104},[43,116998,53870],{"class":53},[43,117000,117001,117003,117005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117002,14727],{"class":49},[43,117004,98],{"class":97},[43,117006,12747],{"class":49},[43,117008,117009],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117010,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117012,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117014,142],{"class":141},[43,117016,145],{"class":53},[43,117018,12709],{"class":148},[43,117020,12817],{"class":4491},[43,117022,14795],{"class":148},[43,117024,4272],{"class":53},[43,117026,4275],{"class":165},[14,117028,117029],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1499,117031,117033],{"id":117032},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,117035,117036],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[34,117038,117040],{"className":36,"code":117039,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,117041,117042,117068,117082,117086,117103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117043,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117045,12709],{"class":49},[43,117047,98],{"class":97},[43,117049,56922],{"class":53},[43,117051,154],{"class":104},[43,117053,108],{"class":53},[43,117055,1525],{"class":104},[43,117057,18684],{"class":53},[43,117059,101],{"class":53},[43,117061,181],{"class":104},[43,117063,108],{"class":53},[43,117065,3064],{"class":104},[43,117067,53870],{"class":53},[43,117069,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117071,116319],{"class":49},[43,117073,98],{"class":97},[43,117075,12784],{"class":49},[43,117077,79],{"class":53},[43,117079,13536],{"class":148},[43,117081,9262],{"class":53},[43,117083,117084],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117085,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117087,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096,117099,117101],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117089,142],{"class":141},[43,117091,145],{"class":53},[43,117093,12709],{"class":148},[43,117095,12817],{"class":4491},[43,117097,117098],{"class":148}," shallow",[43,117100,4272],{"class":53},[43,117102,21822],{"class":165},[43,117104,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117106,142],{"class":141},[43,117108,145],{"class":53},[43,117110,12756],{"class":148},[43,117112,54],{"class":53},[43,117114,1277],{"class":104},[43,117116,13898],{"class":53},[43,117118,8715],{"class":4491},[43,117120,117098],{"class":148},[43,117122,54],{"class":53},[43,117124,1277],{"class":104},[43,117126,162],{"class":53},[43,117128,4275],{"class":165},[1499,117130,117132],{"id":117131},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,117134,117135],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[34,117137,117139],{"className":36,"code":117138,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,117140,117141,117147,117151,117177,117195,117199,117217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117142,117143,117145],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117144,35720],{"class":4491},[43,117146,116284],{"class":49},[43,117148,117149],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117150,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117152,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117154,12709],{"class":49},[43,117156,98],{"class":97},[43,117158,56922],{"class":53},[43,117160,154],{"class":104},[43,117162,108],{"class":53},[43,117164,1525],{"class":104},[43,117166,18684],{"class":53},[43,117168,101],{"class":53},[43,117170,181],{"class":104},[43,117172,108],{"class":53},[43,117174,3064],{"class":104},[43,117176,53870],{"class":53},[43,117178,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117180,116339],{"class":49},[43,117182,98],{"class":97},[43,117184,116324],{"class":49},[43,117186,79],{"class":53},[43,117188,116348],{"class":148},[43,117190,145],{"class":53},[43,117192,12756],{"class":148},[43,117194,346],{"class":53},[43,117196,117197],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117200,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117212,117214],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,117202,142],{"class":141},[43,117204,145],{"class":53},[43,117206,12709],{"class":148},[43,117208,12817],{"class":4491},[43,117210,117211],{"class":148}," deep",[43,117213,4272],{"class":53},[43,117215,117216],{"class":165},"         # False\n",[43,117218,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,117220,142],{"class":141},[43,117222,145],{"class":53},[43,117224,12756],{"class":148},[43,117226,54],{"class":53},[43,117228,1277],{"class":104},[43,117230,13898],{"class":53},[43,117232,8715],{"class":4491},[43,117234,117211],{"class":148},[43,117236,54],{"class":53},[43,117238,1277],{"class":104},[43,117240,162],{"class":53},[43,117242,44498],{"class":165},[81,117244,117246],{"id":117245},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,117248,117249,117250,59],{},"These all make ",[76,117251,117252],{},"shallow copies",[389,117254,117255,117259,117263,117268,117274],{},[392,117256,117257],{},[18,117258,56229],{},[392,117260,117261],{},[18,117262,13058],{},[392,117264,117265],{},[18,117266,117267],{},"set.copy()",[392,117269,117270,117271],{},"list slicing like ",[18,117272,117273],{},"my_list[:]",[392,117275,117276,117278,117279,35710],{},[18,117277,116426],{}," from the ",[18,117280,13536],{},[14,117282,2731],{},[34,117284,117286],{"className":36,"code":117285,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,117287,117288,117308,117312,117326,117337,117341,117353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117289,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117291,94],{"class":49},[43,117293,98],{"class":97},[43,117295,101],{"class":53},[43,117297,154],{"class":104},[43,117299,108],{"class":53},[43,117301,1525],{"class":104},[43,117303,108],{"class":53},[43,117305,1530],{"class":104},[43,117307,68],{"class":53},[43,117309,117310],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117311,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117313,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117315,3161],{"class":49},[43,117317,98],{"class":97},[43,117319,2071],{"class":49},[43,117321,79],{"class":53},[43,117323,13536],{"class":148},[43,117325,9262],{"class":53},[43,117327,117328,117330,117332,117334],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117329,3189],{"class":49},[43,117331,98],{"class":97},[43,117333,2071],{"class":49},[43,117335,117336],{"class":53},"[:]\n",[43,117338,117339],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117340,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,117344,142],{"class":141},[43,117346,145],{"class":53},[43,117348,269],{"class":148},[43,117350,4272],{"class":53},[43,117352,55560],{"class":165},[43,117354,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,117356,142],{"class":141},[43,117358,145],{"class":53},[43,117360,279],{"class":148},[43,117362,4272],{"class":53},[43,117364,55560],{"class":165},[14,117366,73759,117367,48161,117371,79],{},[269,117368,117369,11361],{"href":55588},[18,117370,56229],{},[269,117372,117373,11361],{"href":13055},[18,117374,13058],{},[81,117376,117378],{"id":117377},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117380,117381],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[389,117383,117384,117387,117390],{},[392,117385,117386],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[392,117388,117389],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[392,117391,117392],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117394,117395],{},"Example with a flat list:",[34,117397,117399],{"className":36,"code":117398,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,117400,117401,117421,117435,117439,117453,117457,117469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117402,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117404,12709],{"class":49},[43,117406,98],{"class":97},[43,117408,101],{"class":53},[43,117410,154],{"class":104},[43,117412,108],{"class":53},[43,117414,1525],{"class":104},[43,117416,108],{"class":53},[43,117418,1530],{"class":104},[43,117420,68],{"class":53},[43,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117424,14936],{"class":49},[43,117426,98],{"class":97},[43,117428,12784],{"class":49},[43,117430,79],{"class":53},[43,117432,13536],{"class":148},[43,117434,9262],{"class":53},[43,117436,117437],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117438,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117440,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117442,14955],{"class":49},[43,117444,79],{"class":53},[43,117446,14178],{"class":148},[43,117448,145],{"class":53},[43,117450,159],{"class":104},[43,117452,346],{"class":53},[43,117454,117455],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117456,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117458,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,117460,142],{"class":141},[43,117462,145],{"class":53},[43,117464,12756],{"class":148},[43,117466,4272],{"class":53},[43,117468,55560],{"class":165},[43,117470,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,117472,142],{"class":141},[43,117474,145],{"class":53},[43,117476,14955],{"class":148},[43,117478,4272],{"class":53},[43,117480,116950],{"class":165},[14,117482,117483],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117485,117486,117487,79],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[269,117488,986],{"href":985},[81,117490,117492],{"id":117491},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117494,117495],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[389,117497,117498,117501,117504],{},[392,117499,117500],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[392,117502,117503],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[392,117505,117506],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117508,117509],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[34,117511,117513],{"className":36,"code":117512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117514,117515,117521,117525,117551,117565,117583,117587,117609,117613,117626,117639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117516,117517,117519],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117518,35720],{"class":4491},[43,117520,116284],{"class":49},[43,117522,117523],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117524,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117526,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117528,12709],{"class":49},[43,117530,98],{"class":97},[43,117532,11110],{"class":53},[43,117534,265],{"class":264},[43,117536,17011],{"class":268},[43,117538,265],{"class":264},[43,117540,59],{"class":53},[43,117542,101],{"class":53},[43,117544,105],{"class":104},[43,117546,108],{"class":53},[43,117548,111],{"class":104},[43,117550,14331],{"class":53},[43,117552,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117554,116319],{"class":49},[43,117556,98],{"class":97},[43,117558,12784],{"class":49},[43,117560,79],{"class":53},[43,117562,13536],{"class":148},[43,117564,9262],{"class":53},[43,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117568,116339],{"class":49},[43,117570,98],{"class":97},[43,117572,116324],{"class":49},[43,117574,79],{"class":53},[43,117576,116348],{"class":148},[43,117578,145],{"class":53},[43,117580,12756],{"class":148},[43,117582,346],{"class":53},[43,117584,117585],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,117586,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117588,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,117590,12756],{"class":49},[43,117592,54],{"class":53},[43,117594,265],{"class":264},[43,117596,17011],{"class":268},[43,117598,265],{"class":264},[43,117600,14175],{"class":53},[43,117602,14178],{"class":148},[43,117604,145],{"class":53},[43,117606,651],{"class":104},[43,117608,346],{"class":53},[43,117610,117611],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,117612,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117614,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,117616,142],{"class":141},[43,117618,145],{"class":53},[43,117620,12756],{"class":148},[43,117622,4272],{"class":53},[43,117624,117625],{"class":165},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[43,117627,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636],{"class":45,"line":7052},[43,117629,142],{"class":141},[43,117631,145],{"class":53},[43,117633,116402],{"class":148},[43,117635,4272],{"class":53},[43,117637,117638],{"class":165},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[43,117640,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649],{"class":45,"line":12217},[43,117642,142],{"class":141},[43,117644,145],{"class":53},[43,117646,116416],{"class":148},[43,117648,4272],{"class":53},[43,117650,117651],{"class":165},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117653,117654],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[81,117656,117658],{"id":117657},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117660,117661],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[389,117663,117664,117667,117670,117673],{},[392,117665,117666],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[392,117668,117669],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[392,117671,117672],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[392,117674,117675],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117677,117678],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[34,117680,117682],{"className":36,"code":117681,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117683,117684,117692,117700,117704,117712,117716,117728],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117685,117686,117688,117690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117687,3161],{"class":49},[43,117689,98],{"class":97},[43,117691,3194],{"class":104},[43,117693,117694,117696,117698],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117695,3189],{"class":49},[43,117697,98],{"class":97},[43,117699,36803],{"class":49},[43,117701,117702],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117703,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117705,117706,117708,117710],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117707,3189],{"class":49},[43,117709,98],{"class":97},[43,117711,15239],{"class":104},[43,117713,117714],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117715,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,117717,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,117719,142],{"class":141},[43,117721,145],{"class":53},[43,117723,269],{"class":148},[43,117725,4272],{"class":53},[43,117727,27419],{"class":165},[43,117729,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,117731,142],{"class":141},[43,117733,145],{"class":53},[43,117735,279],{"class":148},[43,117737,4272],{"class":53},[43,117739,28240],{"class":165},[14,117741,93898,117742,117745],{},[269,117743,117744],{"href":12688},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[81,117747,3438],{"id":3437},[14,117749,117750],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[389,117752,117753,117757,117762,117767,117770],{},[392,117754,2445,117755,57411],{},[18,117756,98],{},[392,117758,2445,117759,117761],{},[18,117760,56229],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[392,117763,2445,117764,117766],{},[18,117765,13058],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[392,117768,117769],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[392,117771,117772],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117774,117775],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[34,117777,117779],{"className":36,"code":117778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117780,117781,117795,117809,117831,117862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117782,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117784,142],{"class":141},[43,117786,145],{"class":53},[43,117788,12709],{"class":148},[43,117790,12817],{"class":4491},[43,117792,15009],{"class":148},[43,117794,346],{"class":53},[43,117796,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805,117807],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,117798,142],{"class":141},[43,117800,145],{"class":53},[43,117802,12709],{"class":148},[43,117804,5304],{"class":97},[43,117806,15009],{"class":148},[43,117808,346],{"class":53},[43,117810,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,117812,142],{"class":141},[43,117814,145],{"class":53},[43,117816,13273],{"class":141},[43,117818,145],{"class":53},[43,117820,12756],{"class":148},[43,117822,9852],{"class":53},[43,117824,15441],{"class":141},[43,117826,145],{"class":53},[43,117828,14955],{"class":148},[43,117830,2377],{"class":53},[43,117832,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,117834,142],{"class":141},[43,117836,145],{"class":53},[43,117838,13273],{"class":141},[43,117840,145],{"class":53},[43,117842,12756],{"class":148},[43,117844,54],{"class":53},[43,117846,1277],{"class":104},[43,117848,117849],{"class":53},"]),",[43,117851,15441],{"class":141},[43,117853,145],{"class":53},[43,117855,14955],{"class":148},[43,117857,54],{"class":53},[43,117859,1277],{"class":104},[43,117861,3608],{"class":53},[43,117863,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,117865,142],{"class":141},[43,117867,145],{"class":53},[43,117869,3832],{"class":3510},[43,117871,145],{"class":53},[43,117873,12756],{"class":148},[43,117875,2377],{"class":53},[14,117877,117878],{},"What they tell you:",[389,117880,117881,117886,117891,117896,117906],{},[392,117882,117883,117885],{},[18,117884,12817],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[392,117887,117888,117890],{},[18,117889,5304],{}," checks whether values are equal",[392,117892,117893,117895],{},[18,117894,44114],{}," shows the identity of an object",[392,117897,117898,117899,1233,117902,117905],{},"comparing ",[18,117900,117901],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117903,117904],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[392,117907,117908,117910],{},[18,117909,2909],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[81,117912,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,117914,117916],{"id":117915},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117918,117919],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1499,117921,57895],{"id":57811},[14,117923,117924],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1499,117926,117928],{"id":117927},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117930,117931],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1499,117933,117935],{"id":117934},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117937,117938],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1499,117940,117942],{"id":117941},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117944,117945],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[81,117947,2497],{"id":2496},[389,117949,117950,117955,117961,117967,117971],{},[392,117951,117952],{},[269,117953,117954],{"href":12688},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[392,117956,117957],{},[269,117958,4187,117959,11361],{"href":55588},[18,117960,56229],{},[392,117962,117963],{},[269,117964,4187,117965,11361],{"href":13055},[18,117966,13058],{},[392,117968,117969],{},[269,117970,2515],{"href":985},[392,117972,117973],{},[269,117974,117975],{"href":59120},"What is a list in Python?",[2536,117977,117978],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":117980},[117981,117982,117983,117984,117985,117986,117991,117992,117993,117994,117995,117996,118003],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":116436,"depth":131,"text":116437},{"id":116457,"depth":131,"text":116458},{"id":116700,"depth":131,"text":116701},{"id":116840,"depth":131,"text":116841},{"id":116956,"depth":131,"text":116957,"children":117987},[117988,117989,117990],{"id":116963,"depth":138,"text":116964},{"id":117032,"depth":138,"text":117033},{"id":117131,"depth":138,"text":117132},{"id":117245,"depth":131,"text":117246},{"id":117377,"depth":131,"text":117378},{"id":117491,"depth":131,"text":117492},{"id":117657,"depth":131,"text":117658},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":117997},[117998,117999,118000,118001,118002],{"id":117915,"depth":138,"text":117916},{"id":57811,"depth":138,"text":57895},{"id":117927,"depth":138,"text":117928},{"id":117934,"depth":138,"text":117935},{"id":117941,"depth":138,"text":117942},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116237,"description":118004},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118010,"title":118011,"body":118012,"description":119869,"extension":2572,"meta":119870,"navigation":134,"path":119871,"seo":119872,"stem":119873,"__hash__":119874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118013,"toc":119827},[118014,118019,118024,118032,118034,118102,118107,118112,118127,118130,118132,118163,118165,118185,118188,118203,118205,118208,118281,118283,118328,118330,118341,118346,118350,118355,118358,118397,118399,118419,118422,118479,118481,118516,118519,118558,118560,118580,118583,118614,118616,118672,118674,118679,118750,118752,118785,118790,118795,118860,118862,118899,118902,118979,118981,119041,119048,119053,119056,119059,119140,119142,119183,119188,119191,119269,119271,119304,119313,119320,119323,119334,119337,119348,119352,119360,119369,119373,119378,119382,119387,119430,119433,119439,119442,119444,119491,119496,119500,119503,119552,119554,119575,119578,119580,119605,119608,119729,119734,119736,119741,119744,119749,119752,119760,119765,119772,119775,119783,119786,119788,119824],[10,118015,4187,118017,4191],{"id":118016},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,118018,75041],{},[14,118020,118021,118023],{},[18,118022,75041],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,118025,118026,118027,21,118029,118031],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,118028,78254],{},[18,118030,75041],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[81,118033,4221],{"id":4220},[34,118035,118037],{"className":36,"code":118036,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,118038,118039,118059,118073,118077,118089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118040,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118042,94],{"class":49},[43,118044,98],{"class":97},[43,118046,101],{"class":53},[43,118048,181],{"class":104},[43,118050,108],{"class":53},[43,118052,6113],{"class":104},[43,118054,108],{"class":53},[43,118056,1525],{"class":104},[43,118058,68],{"class":53},[43,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118062,2836],{"class":49},[43,118064,98],{"class":97},[43,118066,75175],{"class":141},[43,118068,145],{"class":53},[43,118070,149],{"class":148},[43,118072,346],{"class":53},[43,118074,118075],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,118076,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,118078,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,118080,142],{"class":141},[43,118082,145],{"class":53},[43,118084,2871],{"class":148},[43,118086,4272],{"class":53},[43,118088,56316],{"class":165},[43,118090,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,118092,142],{"class":141},[43,118094,145],{"class":53},[43,118096,149],{"class":148},[43,118098,4272],{"class":53},[43,118100,118101],{"class":165},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,118103,118104,118106],{},[18,118105,75041],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[81,118108,4289,118110,4292],{"id":118109},"what-sorted-does",[18,118111,75041],{},[389,118113,118114,118118,118121,118124],{},[392,118115,118116,63551],{},[18,118117,75041],{},[392,118119,118120],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[392,118122,118123],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[392,118125,118126],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,118128,118129],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[81,118131,2763],{"id":2762},[34,118133,118135],{"className":36,"code":118134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,118136,118137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118138,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118140,75131],{"class":141},[43,118142,145],{"class":53},[43,118144,4333],{"class":148},[43,118146,108],{"class":53},[43,118148,22201],{"class":9794},[43,118150,98],{"class":97},[43,118152,4391],{"class":4466},[43,118154,108],{"class":53},[43,118156,78457],{"class":9794},[43,118158,98],{"class":97},[43,118160,4285],{"class":4466},[43,118162,346],{"class":53},[1499,118164,18016],{"id":18015},[389,118166,118167,118172,118177],{},[392,118168,118169,118171],{},[18,118170,4333],{},": the values to sort",[392,118173,118174,118176],{},[18,118175,15466],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[392,118178,118179,118181,118182,118184],{},[18,118180,74195],{},": set to ",[18,118183,4216],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,118186,118187],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[34,118189,118191],{"className":36,"code":118190,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,118192,118193],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118194,118195,118197,118199,118201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118196,75131],{"class":141},[43,118198,145],{"class":53},[43,118200,60934],{"class":148},[43,118202,346],{"class":53},[81,118204,12097],{"id":12096},[14,118206,118207],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[34,118209,118211],{"className":36,"code":118210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118212,118213,118237,118241,118256,118260,118271],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118214,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118216,94],{"class":49},[43,118218,98],{"class":97},[43,118220,101],{"class":53},[43,118222,831],{"class":104},[43,118224,108],{"class":53},[43,118226,1525],{"class":104},[43,118228,108],{"class":53},[43,118230,6975],{"class":104},[43,118232,108],{"class":53},[43,118234,6113],{"class":104},[43,118236,68],{"class":53},[43,118238,118239],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,118242,118243,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,118244,118245],{"class":49},"sorted_numbers ",[43,118247,98],{"class":97},[43,118249,75175],{"class":141},[43,118251,145],{"class":53},[43,118253,149],{"class":148},[43,118255,346],{"class":53},[43,118257,118258],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,118259,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,118261,118262,118264,118266,118269],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,118263,142],{"class":141},[43,118265,145],{"class":53},[43,118267,118268],{"class":148},"sorted_numbers",[43,118270,346],{"class":53},[43,118272,118273,118275,118277,118279],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,118274,142],{"class":141},[43,118276,145],{"class":53},[43,118278,149],{"class":148},[43,118280,346],{"class":53},[14,118282,349],{},[34,118284,118286],{"className":36,"code":118285,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,118287,118288,118308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118291,54],{"class":53},[43,118293,154],{"class":104},[43,118295,108],{"class":53},[43,118297,1525],{"class":104},[43,118299,108],{"class":53},[43,118301,5221],{"class":104},[43,118303,108],{"class":53},[43,118305,6975],{"class":104},[43,118307,68],{"class":53},[43,118309,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118311,54],{"class":53},[43,118313,831],{"class":104},[43,118315,108],{"class":53},[43,118317,1525],{"class":104},[43,118319,108],{"class":53},[43,118321,6975],{"class":104},[43,118323,108],{"class":53},[43,118325,6113],{"class":104},[43,118327,68],{"class":53},[14,118329,1699],{},[389,118331,118332,118337],{},[392,118333,118334,118336],{},[18,118335,118268],{}," is a new sorted list",[392,118338,118339,112873],{},[18,118340,149],{},[14,118342,118343,118344,79],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[269,118345,78764],{"href":78763},[81,118347,118349],{"id":118348},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118351,118352,118354],{},[18,118353,75041],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1499,118356,118357],{"id":8712},"List",[34,118359,118361],{"className":36,"code":118360,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,118362,118363,118383],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118364,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118366,94],{"class":49},[43,118368,98],{"class":97},[43,118370,101],{"class":53},[43,118372,181],{"class":104},[43,118374,108],{"class":53},[43,118376,6113],{"class":104},[43,118378,108],{"class":53},[43,118380,1525],{"class":104},[43,118382,68],{"class":53},[43,118384,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118386,142],{"class":141},[43,118388,145],{"class":53},[43,118390,75131],{"class":141},[43,118392,145],{"class":53},[43,118394,149],{"class":148},[43,118396,2377],{"class":53},[14,118398,349],{},[34,118400,118401],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118402,118403],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118404,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118406,54],{"class":53},[43,118408,154],{"class":104},[43,118410,108],{"class":53},[43,118412,1525],{"class":104},[43,118414,108],{"class":53},[43,118416,1530],{"class":104},[43,118418,68],{"class":53},[1499,118420,118421],{"id":49581},"Tuple",[34,118423,118425],{"className":36,"code":118424,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,118426,118427,118447,118461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118428,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118430,4436],{"class":49},[43,118432,98],{"class":97},[43,118434,9855],{"class":53},[43,118436,181],{"class":104},[43,118438,108],{"class":53},[43,118440,6113],{"class":104},[43,118442,108],{"class":53},[43,118444,1525],{"class":104},[43,118446,346],{"class":53},[43,118448,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118450,142],{"class":141},[43,118452,145],{"class":53},[43,118454,75131],{"class":141},[43,118456,145],{"class":53},[43,118458,5974],{"class":148},[43,118460,2377],{"class":53},[43,118462,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,118464,142],{"class":141},[43,118466,145],{"class":53},[43,118468,3832],{"class":3510},[43,118470,145],{"class":53},[43,118472,75131],{"class":141},[43,118474,145],{"class":53},[43,118476,5974],{"class":148},[43,118478,3521],{"class":53},[14,118480,349],{},[34,118482,118484],{"className":36,"code":118483,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118485,118486,118502],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118487,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118489,54],{"class":53},[43,118491,154],{"class":104},[43,118493,108],{"class":53},[43,118495,1525],{"class":104},[43,118497,108],{"class":53},[43,118499,1530],{"class":104},[43,118501,68],{"class":53},[43,118503,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118505,3901],{"class":97},[43,118507,3904],{"class":2671},[43,118509,370],{"class":264},[43,118511,8712],{"class":268},[43,118513,361],{"class":264},[43,118515,3913],{"class":97},[1499,118517,118518],{"id":6902},"Set",[34,118520,118522],{"className":36,"code":118521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118523,118524,118544],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118527,4436],{"class":49},[43,118529,98],{"class":97},[43,118531,11110],{"class":53},[43,118533,181],{"class":104},[43,118535,108],{"class":53},[43,118537,6113],{"class":104},[43,118539,108],{"class":53},[43,118541,1525],{"class":104},[43,118543,9928],{"class":53},[43,118545,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118547,142],{"class":141},[43,118549,145],{"class":53},[43,118551,75131],{"class":141},[43,118553,145],{"class":53},[43,118555,5974],{"class":148},[43,118557,2377],{"class":53},[14,118559,349],{},[34,118561,118562],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118563,118564],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118565,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118567,54],{"class":53},[43,118569,154],{"class":104},[43,118571,108],{"class":53},[43,118573,1525],{"class":104},[43,118575,108],{"class":53},[43,118577,1530],{"class":104},[43,118579,68],{"class":53},[1499,118581,118582],{"id":61799},"String",[34,118584,118586],{"className":36,"code":118585,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118587,118588,118600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118589,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118591,35316],{"class":49},[43,118593,98],{"class":97},[43,118595,276],{"class":264},[43,118597,38],{"class":268},[43,118599,3969],{"class":264},[43,118601,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118603,142],{"class":141},[43,118605,145],{"class":53},[43,118607,75131],{"class":141},[43,118609,145],{"class":53},[43,118611,35337],{"class":148},[43,118613,2377],{"class":53},[14,118615,349],{},[34,118617,118618],{"className":36,"code":79781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118619,118620],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118621,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118623,54],{"class":53},[43,118625,361],{"class":264},[43,118627,61065],{"class":268},[43,118629,361],{"class":264},[43,118631,108],{"class":53},[43,118633,370],{"class":264},[43,118635,703],{"class":268},[43,118637,361],{"class":264},[43,118639,108],{"class":53},[43,118641,370],{"class":264},[43,118643,61099],{"class":268},[43,118645,361],{"class":264},[43,118647,108],{"class":53},[43,118649,370],{"class":264},[43,118651,14],{"class":268},[43,118653,361],{"class":264},[43,118655,108],{"class":53},[43,118657,370],{"class":264},[43,118659,63912],{"class":268},[43,118661,361],{"class":264},[43,118663,108],{"class":53},[43,118665,370],{"class":264},[43,118667,12368],{"class":268},[43,118669,361],{"class":264},[43,118671,68],{"class":53},[1499,118673,29848],{"id":16227},[14,118675,64165,118676,118678],{},[18,118677,75041],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[34,118680,118682],{"className":36,"code":118681,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118683,118684,118736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118685,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118687,13829],{"class":49},[43,118689,98],{"class":97},[43,118691,11110],{"class":53},[43,118693,265],{"class":264},[43,118695,8286],{"class":268},[43,118697,265],{"class":264},[43,118699,59],{"class":53},[43,118701,276],{"class":264},[43,118703,13505],{"class":268},[43,118705,265],{"class":264},[43,118707,108],{"class":53},[43,118709,276],{"class":264},[43,118711,9918],{"class":268},[43,118713,265],{"class":264},[43,118715,59],{"class":53},[43,118717,111],{"class":104},[43,118719,108],{"class":53},[43,118721,276],{"class":264},[43,118723,11028],{"class":268},[43,118725,265],{"class":264},[43,118727,59],{"class":53},[43,118729,276],{"class":264},[43,118731,16653],{"class":268},[43,118733,265],{"class":264},[43,118735,9928],{"class":53},[43,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118739,142],{"class":141},[43,118741,145],{"class":53},[43,118743,75131],{"class":141},[43,118745,145],{"class":53},[43,118747,17928],{"class":148},[43,118749,2377],{"class":53},[14,118751,349],{},[34,118753,118755],{"className":36,"code":118754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118756,118757],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118758,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118760,54],{"class":53},[43,118762,361],{"class":264},[43,118764,9918],{"class":268},[43,118766,361],{"class":264},[43,118768,108],{"class":53},[43,118770,370],{"class":264},[43,118772,11028],{"class":268},[43,118774,361],{"class":264},[43,118776,108],{"class":53},[43,118778,370],{"class":264},[43,118780,8286],{"class":268},[43,118782,361],{"class":264},[43,118784,68],{"class":53},[81,118786,2445,118788],{"id":118787},"using-reversetrue",[18,118789,78478],{},[14,118791,230,118792,118794],{},[18,118793,78478],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[34,118796,118798],{"className":36,"code":118797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118799,118800,118820,118824,118838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118801,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118803,94],{"class":49},[43,118805,98],{"class":97},[43,118807,101],{"class":53},[43,118809,181],{"class":104},[43,118811,108],{"class":53},[43,118813,6113],{"class":104},[43,118815,108],{"class":53},[43,118817,1525],{"class":104},[43,118819,68],{"class":53},[43,118821,118822],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118823,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,118827,142],{"class":141},[43,118829,145],{"class":53},[43,118831,75131],{"class":141},[43,118833,145],{"class":53},[43,118835,149],{"class":148},[43,118837,2377],{"class":53},[43,118839,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,118841,142],{"class":141},[43,118843,145],{"class":53},[43,118845,75131],{"class":141},[43,118847,145],{"class":53},[43,118849,149],{"class":148},[43,118851,108],{"class":53},[43,118853,78457],{"class":9794},[43,118855,98],{"class":97},[43,118857,4216],{"class":4466},[43,118859,2377],{"class":53},[14,118861,349],{},[34,118863,118865],{"className":36,"code":118864,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118866,118867,118883],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118868,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118870,54],{"class":53},[43,118872,154],{"class":104},[43,118874,108],{"class":53},[43,118876,1525],{"class":104},[43,118878,108],{"class":53},[43,118880,1530],{"class":104},[43,118882,68],{"class":53},[43,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118886,54],{"class":53},[43,118888,181],{"class":104},[43,118890,108],{"class":53},[43,118892,1525],{"class":104},[43,118894,108],{"class":53},[43,118896,6113],{"class":104},[43,118898,68],{"class":53},[14,118900,118901],{},"This also works with strings:",[34,118903,118905],{"className":36,"code":118904,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118906,118907,118939,118943,118957],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118908,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118910,4685],{"class":49},[43,118912,98],{"class":97},[43,118914,101],{"class":53},[43,118916,265],{"class":264},[43,118918,4694],{"class":268},[43,118920,265],{"class":264},[43,118922,108],{"class":53},[43,118924,276],{"class":264},[43,118926,4703],{"class":268},[43,118928,265],{"class":264},[43,118930,108],{"class":53},[43,118932,276],{"class":264},[43,118934,4712],{"class":268},[43,118936,265],{"class":264},[43,118938,68],{"class":53},[43,118940,118941],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,118942,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,118944,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,118946,142],{"class":141},[43,118948,145],{"class":53},[43,118950,75131],{"class":141},[43,118952,145],{"class":53},[43,118954,4729],{"class":148},[43,118956,2377],{"class":53},[43,118958,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,118960,142],{"class":141},[43,118962,145],{"class":53},[43,118964,75131],{"class":141},[43,118966,145],{"class":53},[43,118968,4729],{"class":148},[43,118970,108],{"class":53},[43,118972,78457],{"class":9794},[43,118974,98],{"class":97},[43,118976,4216],{"class":4466},[43,118978,2377],{"class":53},[14,118980,349],{},[34,118982,118983],{"className":36,"code":74775,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118984,118985,119013],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118986,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118988,54],{"class":53},[43,118990,361],{"class":264},[43,118992,4694],{"class":268},[43,118994,361],{"class":264},[43,118996,108],{"class":53},[43,118998,370],{"class":264},[43,119000,4703],{"class":268},[43,119002,361],{"class":264},[43,119004,108],{"class":53},[43,119006,370],{"class":264},[43,119008,4712],{"class":268},[43,119010,361],{"class":264},[43,119012,68],{"class":53},[43,119014,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119016,54],{"class":53},[43,119018,361],{"class":264},[43,119020,4712],{"class":268},[43,119022,361],{"class":264},[43,119024,108],{"class":53},[43,119026,370],{"class":264},[43,119028,4703],{"class":268},[43,119030,361],{"class":264},[43,119032,108],{"class":53},[43,119034,370],{"class":264},[43,119036,4694],{"class":268},[43,119038,361],{"class":264},[43,119040,68],{"class":53},[81,119042,2445,119044,119047],{"id":119043},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,119045,119046],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,119049,1242,119050,119052],{},[18,119051,119046],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,119054,119055],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,119057,119058],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[34,119060,119062],{"className":36,"code":119061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,119063,119064,119104,119108,119130],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119065,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119067,4685],{"class":49},[43,119069,98],{"class":97},[43,119071,101],{"class":53},[43,119073,265],{"class":264},[43,119075,79131],{"class":268},[43,119077,265],{"class":264},[43,119079,108],{"class":53},[43,119081,276],{"class":264},[43,119083,38985],{"class":268},[43,119085,265],{"class":264},[43,119087,108],{"class":53},[43,119089,276],{"class":264},[43,119091,4703],{"class":268},[43,119093,265],{"class":264},[43,119095,108],{"class":53},[43,119097,276],{"class":264},[43,119099,38968],{"class":268},[43,119101,265],{"class":264},[43,119103,68],{"class":53},[43,119105,119106],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119107,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,119109,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,119111,2836],{"class":49},[43,119113,98],{"class":97},[43,119115,75175],{"class":141},[43,119117,145],{"class":53},[43,119119,4729],{"class":148},[43,119121,108],{"class":53},[43,119123,22201],{"class":9794},[43,119125,98],{"class":97},[43,119127,2370],{"class":141},[43,119129,346],{"class":53},[43,119131,119132,119134,119136,119138],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,119133,142],{"class":141},[43,119135,145],{"class":53},[43,119137,2871],{"class":148},[43,119139,346],{"class":53},[14,119141,349],{},[34,119143,119145],{"className":36,"code":119144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,119146,119147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119148,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119150,54],{"class":53},[43,119152,361],{"class":264},[43,119154,38985],{"class":268},[43,119156,361],{"class":264},[43,119158,108],{"class":53},[43,119160,370],{"class":264},[43,119162,79131],{"class":268},[43,119164,361],{"class":264},[43,119166,108],{"class":53},[43,119168,370],{"class":264},[43,119170,38968],{"class":268},[43,119172,361],{"class":264},[43,119174,108],{"class":53},[43,119176,370],{"class":264},[43,119178,4703],{"class":268},[43,119180,361],{"class":264},[43,119182,68],{"class":53},[14,119184,21392,119185,119187],{},[18,119186,2370],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,119189,119190],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[34,119192,119194],{"className":36,"code":119193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,119195,119196,119229,119233,119259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119197,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119225,119227],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119199,4685],{"class":49},[43,119201,98],{"class":97},[43,119203,101],{"class":53},[43,119205,265],{"class":264},[43,119207,83750],{"class":268},[43,119209,265],{"class":264},[43,119211,108],{"class":53},[43,119213,276],{"class":264},[43,119215,4694],{"class":268},[43,119217,265],{"class":264},[43,119219,108],{"class":53},[43,119221,276],{"class":264},[43,119223,119224],{"class":268},"Cherry",[43,119226,265],{"class":264},[43,119228,68],{"class":53},[43,119230,119231],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119232,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,119234,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,119236,2836],{"class":49},[43,119238,98],{"class":97},[43,119240,75175],{"class":141},[43,119242,145],{"class":53},[43,119244,4729],{"class":148},[43,119246,108],{"class":53},[43,119248,22201],{"class":9794},[43,119250,98],{"class":97},[43,119252,4054],{"class":3510},[43,119254,79],{"class":53},[43,119256,9259],{"class":25373},[43,119258,346],{"class":53},[43,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,119262,142],{"class":141},[43,119264,145],{"class":53},[43,119266,2871],{"class":148},[43,119268,346],{"class":53},[14,119270,349],{},[34,119272,119274],{"className":36,"code":119273,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,119275,119276],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119277,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119279,54],{"class":53},[43,119281,361],{"class":264},[43,119283,4694],{"class":268},[43,119285,361],{"class":264},[43,119287,108],{"class":53},[43,119289,370],{"class":264},[43,119291,83750],{"class":268},[43,119293,361],{"class":264},[43,119295,108],{"class":53},[43,119297,370],{"class":264},[43,119299,119224],{"class":268},[43,119301,361],{"class":264},[43,119303,68],{"class":53},[14,119305,119306,119307,35959,119309,79],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,119308,2448],{},[269,119310,4187,119311,4120],{"href":42984},[18,119312,2448],{},[81,119314,119316,11205,119318],{"id":119315},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,119317,75041],{},[18,119319,78254],{},[14,119321,119322],{},"The main difference is this:",[389,119324,119325,119330],{},[392,119326,119327,119329],{},[18,119328,75041],{}," returns a new list",[392,119331,119332,74580],{},[18,119333,78254],{},[14,119335,119336],{},"Also:",[389,119338,119339,119344],{},[392,119340,119341,119343],{},[18,119342,75041],{}," works with many iterables",[392,119345,119346,79687],{},[18,119347,78254],{},[14,119349,230,119350,11221],{},[18,119351,75041],{},[389,119353,119354,119357],{},[392,119355,119356],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[392,119358,119359],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119361,119362,119363,79],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[269,119364,4187,119365,11205,119367,6399],{"href":79512},[18,119366,75041],{},[18,119368,78254],{},[81,119370,119372],{"id":119371},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119374,119375,119376,79],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,119377,75041],{},[1499,119379,119381],{"id":119380},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119383,119384,119385,59],{},"This can raise a ",[18,119386,3614],{},[34,119388,119390],{"className":36,"code":119389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,119391,119392,119416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119393,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119395,4436],{"class":49},[43,119397,98],{"class":97},[43,119399,101],{"class":53},[43,119401,154],{"class":104},[43,119403,108],{"class":53},[43,119405,276],{"class":264},[43,119407,201],{"class":268},[43,119409,265],{"class":264},[43,119411,108],{"class":53},[43,119413,1530],{"class":104},[43,119415,68],{"class":53},[43,119417,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119419,142],{"class":141},[43,119421,145],{"class":53},[43,119423,75131],{"class":141},[43,119425,145],{"class":53},[43,119427,5974],{"class":148},[43,119429,2377],{"class":53},[14,119431,119432],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1499,119434,119436,119437,2910],{"id":119435},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,119438,15466],{},[14,119440,119441],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119443,494],{},[34,119445,119447],{"className":36,"code":119446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119448,119449,119469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119450,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119452,94],{"class":49},[43,119454,98],{"class":97},[43,119456,101],{"class":53},[43,119458,105],{"class":104},[43,119460,108],{"class":53},[43,119462,1525],{"class":104},[43,119464,108],{"class":53},[43,119466,116],{"class":104},[43,119468,68],{"class":53},[43,119470,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119472,142],{"class":141},[43,119474,145],{"class":53},[43,119476,75131],{"class":141},[43,119478,145],{"class":53},[43,119480,149],{"class":148},[43,119482,108],{"class":53},[43,119484,22201],{"class":9794},[43,119486,98],{"class":97},[43,119488,2370],{"class":141},[43,119490,2377],{"class":53},[14,119492,49138,119493,119495],{},[18,119494,2448],{}," does not work on integers.",[1499,119497,119499],{"id":119498},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119501,119502],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[34,119504,119506],{"className":36,"code":119505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119507,119508,119528,119538,119542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119509,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119511,94],{"class":49},[43,119513,98],{"class":97},[43,119515,101],{"class":53},[43,119517,181],{"class":104},[43,119519,108],{"class":53},[43,119521,6113],{"class":104},[43,119523,108],{"class":53},[43,119525,1525],{"class":104},[43,119527,68],{"class":53},[43,119529,119530,119532,119534,119536],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119531,75131],{"class":141},[43,119533,145],{"class":53},[43,119535,149],{"class":148},[43,119537,346],{"class":53},[43,119539,119540],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,119541,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,119543,119544,119546,119548,119550],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,119545,142],{"class":141},[43,119547,145],{"class":53},[43,119549,149],{"class":148},[43,119551,346],{"class":53},[14,119553,349],{},[34,119555,119557],{"className":36,"code":119556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119558,119559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119560,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119562,54],{"class":53},[43,119564,181],{"class":104},[43,119566,108],{"class":53},[43,119568,6113],{"class":104},[43,119570,108],{"class":53},[43,119572,1525],{"class":104},[43,119574,68],{"class":53},[14,119576,119577],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[81,119579,3438],{"id":3437},[389,119581,119582,119586,119589,119594,119598],{},[392,119583,5195,119584,74580],{},[18,119585,75041],{},[392,119587,119588],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[392,119590,1849,119591,119593],{},[18,119592,75041],{}," always returns a list",[392,119595,2445,119596,23726],{},[18,119597,119046],{},[392,119599,30275,119600,119602,119603],{},[18,119601,64937],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119604,75041],{},[14,119606,119607],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[34,119609,119611],{"className":36,"code":119610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119612,119613,119635,119661,119699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119614,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119616,142],{"class":141},[43,119618,145],{"class":53},[43,119620,75131],{"class":141},[43,119622,3595],{"class":53},[43,119624,181],{"class":104},[43,119626,108],{"class":53},[43,119628,6113],{"class":104},[43,119630,108],{"class":53},[43,119632,1525],{"class":104},[43,119634,3608],{"class":53},[43,119636,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119638,142],{"class":141},[43,119640,145],{"class":53},[43,119642,3832],{"class":3510},[43,119644,145],{"class":53},[43,119646,75131],{"class":141},[43,119648,6126],{"class":53},[43,119650,181],{"class":104},[43,119652,108],{"class":53},[43,119654,6113],{"class":104},[43,119656,108],{"class":53},[43,119658,1525],{"class":104},[43,119660,93754],{"class":53},[43,119662,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695,119697],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,119664,142],{"class":141},[43,119666,145],{"class":53},[43,119668,75131],{"class":141},[43,119670,3595],{"class":53},[43,119672,361],{"class":264},[43,119674,83750],{"class":268},[43,119676,361],{"class":264},[43,119678,108],{"class":53},[43,119680,370],{"class":264},[43,119682,4694],{"class":268},[43,119684,361],{"class":264},[43,119686,18684],{"class":53},[43,119688,22201],{"class":9794},[43,119690,98],{"class":97},[43,119692,4054],{"class":3510},[43,119694,79],{"class":53},[43,119696,9259],{"class":25373},[43,119698,2377],{"class":53},[43,119700,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,119702,142],{"class":141},[43,119704,145],{"class":53},[43,119706,75131],{"class":141},[43,119708,3595],{"class":53},[43,119710,181],{"class":104},[43,119712,108],{"class":53},[43,119714,6113],{"class":104},[43,119716,108],{"class":53},[43,119718,1525],{"class":104},[43,119720,18684],{"class":53},[43,119722,78457],{"class":9794},[43,119724,98],{"class":97},[43,119726,4216],{"class":4466},[43,119728,2377],{"class":53},[14,119730,119731,119732,79],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[269,119733,53399],{"href":418},[81,119735,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,119737,13328,119739,57790],{"id":119738},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119740,75041],{},[14,119742,119743],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1499,119745,2476,119747,13340],{"id":119746},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119748,75041],{},[14,119750,119751],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1499,119753,119755,119756,11713,119758,2490],{"id":119754},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119757,75041],{},[18,119759,78254],{},[14,119761,230,119762,119764],{},[18,119763,75041],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1499,119766,2476,119768,86838,119770,2490],{"id":119767},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119769,119046],{},[18,119771,75041],{},[14,119773,119774],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1499,119776,5772,119778,119780,119781,2490],{"id":119777},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119779,75041],{}," give a ",[18,119782,3614],{},[14,119784,119785],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[81,119787,2497],{"id":2496},[389,119789,119790,119794,119802,119806,119812,119818],{},[392,119791,119792],{},[269,119793,80260],{"href":78763},[392,119795,119796],{},[269,119797,4187,119798,11205,119800,6399],{"href":79512},[18,119799,75041],{},[18,119801,78254],{},[392,119803,119804],{},[269,119805,53399],{"href":418},[392,119807,119808],{},[269,119809,4187,119810,4120],{"href":42984},[18,119811,2448],{},[392,119813,119814],{},[269,119815,4187,119816,4120],{"href":92410},[18,119817,36379],{},[392,119819,119820],{},[269,119821,4187,119822,4120],{"href":36823},[18,119823,36826],{},[2536,119825,119826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":119828},[119829,119830,119832,119835,119836,119843,119845,119847,119849,119855,119856,119868],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":118109,"depth":131,"text":119831},"What sorted() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":119833},[119834],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":118348,"depth":131,"text":118349,"children":119837},[119838,119839,119840,119841,119842],{"id":8712,"depth":138,"text":118357},{"id":49581,"depth":138,"text":118421},{"id":6902,"depth":138,"text":118518},{"id":61799,"depth":138,"text":118582},{"id":16227,"depth":138,"text":29848},{"id":118787,"depth":131,"text":119844},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119043,"depth":131,"text":119846},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119315,"depth":131,"text":119848},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119371,"depth":131,"text":119372,"children":119850},[119851,119852,119854],{"id":119380,"depth":138,"text":119381},{"id":119435,"depth":138,"text":119853},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119498,"depth":138,"text":119499},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":119857},[119858,119860,119862,119864,119866],{"id":119738,"depth":138,"text":119859},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119746,"depth":138,"text":119861},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119754,"depth":138,"text":119863},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119767,"depth":138,"text":119865},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119777,"depth":138,"text":119867},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118011,"description":119869},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119876,"title":119877,"body":119878,"description":121989,"extension":2572,"meta":121990,"navigation":134,"path":79512,"seo":121991,"stem":121992,"__hash__":121993},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119879,"toc":121936},[119880,119887,119890,119900,119906,119909,119927,119935,119937,119996,120004,120008,120030,120034,120038,120040,120057,120059,120071,120077,120161,120165,120212,120218,120225,120229,120234,120236,120248,120253,120306,120310,120330,120337,120344,120348,120351,120370,120374,120488,120492,120562,120564,120576,120581,120585,120598,120602,120677,120681,120720,120727,120733,120738,120742,120756,120760,120825,120829,120862,120865,120870,120878,120885,120898,120901,120905,120988,120992,121029,121033,121136,121140,121201,121206,121213,121217,121220,121226,121229,121296,121300,121324,121326,121344,121351,121404,121408,121428,121434,121436,121493,121500,121526,121531,121536,121544,121550,121610,121614,121661,121664,121666,121669,121695,121698,121791,121793,121813,121817,121820,121838,121844,121846,121854,121859,121866,121869,121875,121878,121884,121892,121900,121905,121907,121933],[10,119881,4187,119883,11205,119885,93468],{"id":119882},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119884,75041],{},[18,119886,78254],{},[14,119888,119889],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[389,119891,119892,119896],{},[392,119893,119894],{},[18,119895,75041],{},[392,119897,119898],{},[18,119899,78254],{},[14,119901,119902,119903,119905],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[76,119904,1957],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119907,119908],{},"The main difference is simple:",[389,119910,119911,119919],{},[392,119912,230,119913,119915,119916],{},[18,119914,75041],{}," when you want a ",[76,119917,119918],{},"new sorted result",[392,119920,230,119921,119923,119924],{},[18,119922,78254],{}," when you want to ",[76,119925,119926],{},"change the original list",[14,119928,119929,119930,3004,119932,119934],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119931,78254],{},[18,119933,4391],{}," and causes confusion.",[81,119936,4221],{"id":4220},[34,119938,119940],{"className":36,"code":119939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119941,119942,119962,119966,119983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119943,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119945,94],{"class":49},[43,119947,98],{"class":97},[43,119949,101],{"class":53},[43,119951,181],{"class":104},[43,119953,108],{"class":53},[43,119955,6113],{"class":104},[43,119957,108],{"class":53},[43,119959,1525],{"class":104},[43,119961,68],{"class":53},[43,119963,119964],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,119965,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,119967,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,119969,56518],{"class":49},[43,119971,98],{"class":97},[43,119973,75175],{"class":141},[43,119975,145],{"class":53},[43,119977,149],{"class":148},[43,119979,4272],{"class":53},[43,119981,119982],{"class":165},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[43,119984,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,119986,149],{"class":49},[43,119988,79],{"class":53},[43,119990,35428],{"class":148},[43,119992,7983],{"class":53},[43,119994,119995],{"class":165},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119997,230,119998,120000,120001,120003],{},[18,119999,75041],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,120002,78254],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[81,120005,120007],{"id":120006},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[389,120009,120010,120015,120020,120027],{},[392,120011,230,120012,120014],{},[18,120013,75041],{}," to get a new sorted list",[392,120016,230,120017,120019],{},[18,120018,78254],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[392,120021,120022,120023,3004,120025],{},"Understand why ",[18,120024,78254],{},[18,120026,4391],{},[392,120028,120029],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[81,120031,4289,120032,4292],{"id":118109},[18,120033,75041],{},[14,120035,120036,63551],{},[18,120037,75041],{},[14,120039,49555],{},[389,120041,120042,120048,120054],{},[392,120043,120044,120045],{},"returns a ",[76,120046,120047],{},"new list",[392,120049,120050,120051,120053],{},"does ",[76,120052,1957],{}," change the original data",[392,120055,120056],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,120058,51760],{},[389,120060,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069],{},[392,120062,5915],{},[392,120064,5918],{},[392,120066,5924],{},[392,120068,5921],{},[392,120070,36540],{},[1499,120072,35707,120074,120076],{"id":120073},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,120075,75041],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[34,120078,120080],{"className":36,"code":120079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,120081,120082,120102,120106,120120,120124,120142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120083,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120085,94],{"class":49},[43,120087,98],{"class":97},[43,120089,101],{"class":53},[43,120091,181],{"class":104},[43,120093,108],{"class":53},[43,120095,6113],{"class":104},[43,120097,108],{"class":53},[43,120099,1525],{"class":104},[43,120101,68],{"class":53},[43,120103,120104],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120105,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120107,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120109,2836],{"class":49},[43,120111,98],{"class":97},[43,120113,75175],{"class":141},[43,120115,145],{"class":53},[43,120117,149],{"class":148},[43,120119,346],{"class":53},[43,120121,120122],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120123,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120125,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120127,142],{"class":141},[43,120129,145],{"class":53},[43,120131,265],{"class":264},[43,120133,12777],{"class":268},[43,120135,265],{"class":264},[43,120137,108],{"class":53},[43,120139,2071],{"class":148},[43,120141,346],{"class":53},[43,120143,120144,120146,120148,120150,120153,120155,120157,120159],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,120145,142],{"class":141},[43,120147,145],{"class":53},[43,120149,265],{"class":264},[43,120151,120152],{"class":268},"sorted result:",[43,120154,265],{"class":264},[43,120156,108],{"class":53},[43,120158,81604],{"class":148},[43,120160,346],{"class":53},[14,120162,120163],{},[76,120164,349],{},[34,120166,120168],{"className":36,"code":120167,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,120169,120170,120190],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120171,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120173,12756],{"class":49},[43,120175,59],{"class":53},[43,120177,101],{"class":53},[43,120179,181],{"class":104},[43,120181,108],{"class":53},[43,120183,6113],{"class":104},[43,120185,108],{"class":53},[43,120187,1525],{"class":104},[43,120189,68],{"class":53},[43,120191,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120193,75131],{"class":141},[43,120195,81604],{"class":49},[43,120197,59],{"class":53},[43,120199,101],{"class":53},[43,120201,154],{"class":104},[43,120203,108],{"class":53},[43,120205,1525],{"class":104},[43,120207,108],{"class":53},[43,120209,1530],{"class":104},[43,120211,68],{"class":53},[14,120213,120214,120215,120217],{},"The important part is that ",[18,120216,149],{}," stays the same.",[14,120219,120220,120221,79],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[269,120222,4187,120223,4120],{"href":75138},[18,120224,75041],{},[81,120226,4289,120227,4292],{"id":78320},[18,120228,78254],{},[14,120230,120231,120233],{},[18,120232,64937],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,120235,49555],{},[389,120237,120238,120241,120244],{},[392,120239,120240],{},"changes the original list directly",[392,120242,120243],{},"only works on lists",[392,120245,4304,120246],{},[18,120247,4391],{},[1499,120249,35707,120251,74580],{"id":120250},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,120252,78254],{},[34,120254,120256],{"className":36,"code":120255,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120257,120258,120278,120282,120292,120296],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120259,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120261,94],{"class":49},[43,120263,98],{"class":97},[43,120265,101],{"class":53},[43,120267,181],{"class":104},[43,120269,108],{"class":53},[43,120271,6113],{"class":104},[43,120273,108],{"class":53},[43,120275,1525],{"class":104},[43,120277,68],{"class":53},[43,120279,120280],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120281,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120283,120284,120286,120288,120290],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120285,149],{"class":49},[43,120287,79],{"class":53},[43,120289,35428],{"class":148},[43,120291,9262],{"class":53},[43,120293,120294],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120295,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120297,120298,120300,120302,120304],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120299,142],{"class":141},[43,120301,145],{"class":53},[43,120303,149],{"class":148},[43,120305,346],{"class":53},[14,120307,120308],{},[76,120309,349],{},[34,120311,120312],{"className":36,"code":55778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,120313,120314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120317,54],{"class":53},[43,120319,154],{"class":104},[43,120321,108],{"class":53},[43,120323,1525],{"class":104},[43,120325,108],{"class":53},[43,120327,1530],{"class":104},[43,120329,68],{"class":53},[14,120331,120332,120333,120336],{},"After calling ",[18,120334,120335],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120338,120339,120340,79],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[269,120341,4187,120342,11361],{"href":75392},[18,120343,78254],{},[81,120345,120347],{"id":120346},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120349,120350],{},"Here is the core difference:",[389,120352,120353,120362],{},[392,120354,120355,120358,120359],{},[18,120356,120357],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[76,120360,120361],{},"new sorted list",[392,120363,120364,120367,120368,74949],{},[18,120365,120366],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,120369,50],{},[1499,120371,120373],{"id":120372},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[34,120375,120377],{"className":36,"code":120376,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,120378,120379,120399,120403,120417,120436,120455,120459,120469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120380,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120382,94],{"class":49},[43,120384,98],{"class":97},[43,120386,101],{"class":53},[43,120388,831],{"class":104},[43,120390,108],{"class":53},[43,120392,1525],{"class":104},[43,120394,108],{"class":53},[43,120396,3064],{"class":104},[43,120398,68],{"class":53},[43,120400,120401],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120402,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120404,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120406,3161],{"class":49},[43,120408,98],{"class":97},[43,120410,75175],{"class":141},[43,120412,145],{"class":53},[43,120414,149],{"class":148},[43,120416,346],{"class":53},[43,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425,120428,120430,120432,120434],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120420,142],{"class":141},[43,120422,145],{"class":53},[43,120424,265],{"class":264},[43,120426,120427],{"class":268},"numbers after sorted():",[43,120429,265],{"class":264},[43,120431,108],{"class":53},[43,120433,2071],{"class":148},[43,120435,346],{"class":53},[43,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444,120447,120449,120451,120453],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120439,142],{"class":141},[43,120441,145],{"class":53},[43,120443,265],{"class":264},[43,120445,120446],{"class":268},"a:",[43,120448,265],{"class":264},[43,120450,108],{"class":53},[43,120452,57515],{"class":148},[43,120454,346],{"class":53},[43,120456,120457],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,120458,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120460,120461,120463,120465,120467],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,120462,149],{"class":49},[43,120464,79],{"class":53},[43,120466,35428],{"class":148},[43,120468,9262],{"class":53},[43,120470,120471,120473,120475,120477,120480,120482,120484,120486],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,120472,142],{"class":141},[43,120474,145],{"class":53},[43,120476,265],{"class":264},[43,120478,120479],{"class":268},"numbers after sort():",[43,120481,265],{"class":264},[43,120483,108],{"class":53},[43,120485,2071],{"class":148},[43,120487,346],{"class":53},[14,120489,120490],{},[76,120491,349],{},[34,120493,120495],{"className":36,"code":120494,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120496,120497,120520,120540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120498,120499,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120500,120501],{"class":49},"numbers after ",[43,120503,75131],{"class":141},[43,120505,30209],{"class":53},[43,120507,101],{"class":53},[43,120509,831],{"class":104},[43,120511,108],{"class":53},[43,120513,1525],{"class":104},[43,120515,108],{"class":53},[43,120517,3064],{"class":104},[43,120519,68],{"class":53},[43,120521,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120523,269],{"class":49},[43,120525,59],{"class":53},[43,120527,101],{"class":53},[43,120529,201],{"class":104},[43,120531,108],{"class":53},[43,120533,3064],{"class":104},[43,120535,108],{"class":53},[43,120537,5221],{"class":104},[43,120539,68],{"class":53},[43,120541,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120543,120501],{"class":49},[43,120545,35428],{"class":148},[43,120547,30209],{"class":53},[43,120549,101],{"class":53},[43,120551,201],{"class":104},[43,120553,108],{"class":53},[43,120555,3064],{"class":104},[43,120557,108],{"class":53},[43,120559,5221],{"class":104},[43,120561,68],{"class":53},[14,120563,11333],{},[389,120565,120566,120571],{},[392,120567,120568,120570],{},[18,120569,75041],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[392,120572,120573,120575],{},[18,120574,64937],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[81,120577,5576,120579],{"id":120578},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120580,75041],{},[14,120582,230,120583,11221],{},[18,120584,75041],{},[389,120586,120587,120590,120592,120595],{},[392,120588,120589],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[392,120591,119359],{},[392,120593,120594],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[392,120596,120597],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1499,120599,120601],{"id":120600},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[34,120603,120605],{"className":36,"code":120604,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120606,120607,120631,120635,120649,120653,120663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120610,94],{"class":49},[43,120612,98],{"class":97},[43,120614,9855],{"class":53},[43,120616,159],{"class":104},[43,120618,108],{"class":53},[43,120620,6113],{"class":104},[43,120622,108],{"class":53},[43,120624,1530],{"class":104},[43,120626,108],{"class":53},[43,120628,1525],{"class":104},[43,120630,346],{"class":53},[43,120632,120633],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120636,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120638,2836],{"class":49},[43,120640,98],{"class":97},[43,120642,75175],{"class":141},[43,120644,145],{"class":53},[43,120646,149],{"class":148},[43,120648,346],{"class":53},[43,120650,120651],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120652,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120654,120655,120657,120659,120661],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120656,142],{"class":141},[43,120658,145],{"class":53},[43,120660,2871],{"class":148},[43,120662,346],{"class":53},[43,120664,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,120666,142],{"class":141},[43,120668,145],{"class":53},[43,120670,3832],{"class":3510},[43,120672,145],{"class":53},[43,120674,2871],{"class":148},[43,120676,2377],{"class":53},[14,120678,120679],{},[76,120680,349],{},[34,120682,120684],{"className":36,"code":120683,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120685,120686,120706],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120689,54],{"class":53},[43,120691,154],{"class":104},[43,120693,108],{"class":53},[43,120695,1525],{"class":104},[43,120697,108],{"class":53},[43,120699,1530],{"class":104},[43,120701,108],{"class":53},[43,120703,3064],{"class":104},[43,120705,68],{"class":53},[43,120707,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120709,3901],{"class":97},[43,120711,3904],{"class":2671},[43,120713,370],{"class":264},[43,120715,8712],{"class":268},[43,120717,361],{"class":264},[43,120719,3913],{"class":97},[14,120721,2893,120722,120724,120725,79],{},[18,120723,75041],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[76,120726,8712],{},[14,120728,120729,120730,120732],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[269,120731,53399],{"href":418}," is a helpful next step.",[81,120734,5576,120736],{"id":120735},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120737,78254],{},[14,120739,230,120740,11221],{},[18,120741,78254],{},[389,120743,120744,120747,120750,120753],{},[392,120745,120746],{},"you already have a list",[392,120748,120749],{},"you want to update that list directly",[392,120751,120752],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[392,120754,120755],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1499,120757,120759],{"id":120758},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[34,120761,120763],{"className":36,"code":120762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120764,120765,120797,120801,120811,120815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120768,5610],{"class":49},[43,120770,98],{"class":97},[43,120772,101],{"class":53},[43,120774,265],{"class":264},[43,120776,5637],{"class":268},[43,120778,265],{"class":264},[43,120780,108],{"class":53},[43,120782,276],{"class":264},[43,120784,5619],{"class":268},[43,120786,265],{"class":264},[43,120788,108],{"class":53},[43,120790,276],{"class":264},[43,120792,5628],{"class":268},[43,120794,265],{"class":264},[43,120796,68],{"class":53},[43,120798,120799],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120800,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120802,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120804,5654],{"class":49},[43,120806,79],{"class":53},[43,120808,35428],{"class":148},[43,120810,9262],{"class":53},[43,120812,120813],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120814,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120818,142],{"class":141},[43,120820,145],{"class":53},[43,120822,5654],{"class":148},[43,120824,346],{"class":53},[14,120826,120827],{},[76,120828,349],{},[34,120830,120832],{"className":36,"code":120831,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120833,120834],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120835,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120837,54],{"class":53},[43,120839,361],{"class":264},[43,120841,5619],{"class":268},[43,120843,361],{"class":264},[43,120845,108],{"class":53},[43,120847,370],{"class":264},[43,120849,5628],{"class":268},[43,120851,361],{"class":264},[43,120853,108],{"class":53},[43,120855,370],{"class":264},[43,120857,5637],{"class":268},[43,120859,361],{"class":264},[43,120861,68],{"class":53},[14,120863,120864],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120866,120867,120868,79],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[269,120869,80260],{"href":78763},[81,120871,120873,1233,120875,120877],{"id":120872},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120874,74195],{},[18,120876,15466],{}," work with both",[14,120879,11210,120880,1233,120882,120884],{},[18,120881,75041],{},[18,120883,78254],{}," support:",[389,120886,120887,120892],{},[392,120888,120889,120891],{},[18,120890,78478],{}," for descending order",[392,120893,120894,120897],{},[18,120895,120896],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120899,120900],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1499,120902,120904],{"id":120903},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[34,120906,120908],{"className":36,"code":120907,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120909,120910,120930,120934,120956,120960,120978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120911,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120913,94],{"class":49},[43,120915,98],{"class":97},[43,120917,101],{"class":53},[43,120919,181],{"class":104},[43,120921,108],{"class":53},[43,120923,6113],{"class":104},[43,120925,108],{"class":53},[43,120927,1525],{"class":104},[43,120929,68],{"class":53},[43,120931,120932],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,120933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,120937,142],{"class":141},[43,120939,145],{"class":53},[43,120941,75131],{"class":141},[43,120943,145],{"class":53},[43,120945,149],{"class":148},[43,120947,108],{"class":53},[43,120949,78457],{"class":9794},[43,120951,98],{"class":97},[43,120953,4216],{"class":4466},[43,120955,2377],{"class":53},[43,120957,120958],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,120959,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,120961,120962,120964,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974,120976],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,120963,149],{"class":49},[43,120965,79],{"class":53},[43,120967,35428],{"class":148},[43,120969,145],{"class":53},[43,120971,74195],{"class":9794},[43,120973,98],{"class":97},[43,120975,4216],{"class":4466},[43,120977,346],{"class":53},[43,120979,120980,120982,120984,120986],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,120981,142],{"class":141},[43,120983,145],{"class":53},[43,120985,149],{"class":148},[43,120987,346],{"class":53},[14,120989,120990],{},[76,120991,349],{},[34,120993,120995],{"className":36,"code":120994,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120996,120997,121013],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120998,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121000,54],{"class":53},[43,121002,181],{"class":104},[43,121004,108],{"class":53},[43,121006,1525],{"class":104},[43,121008,108],{"class":53},[43,121010,6113],{"class":104},[43,121012,68],{"class":53},[43,121014,121015,121017,121019,121021,121023,121025,121027],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121016,54],{"class":53},[43,121018,181],{"class":104},[43,121020,108],{"class":53},[43,121022,1525],{"class":104},[43,121024,108],{"class":53},[43,121026,6113],{"class":104},[43,121028,68],{"class":53},[1499,121030,121032],{"id":121031},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[34,121034,121036],{"className":36,"code":121035,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,121037,121038,121070,121074,121100,121104,121126],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121039,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121041,4685],{"class":49},[43,121043,98],{"class":97},[43,121045,101],{"class":53},[43,121047,265],{"class":264},[43,121049,83750],{"class":268},[43,121051,265],{"class":264},[43,121053,108],{"class":53},[43,121055,276],{"class":264},[43,121057,4694],{"class":268},[43,121059,265],{"class":264},[43,121061,108],{"class":53},[43,121063,276],{"class":264},[43,121065,119224],{"class":268},[43,121067,265],{"class":264},[43,121069,68],{"class":53},[43,121071,121072],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121073,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121077,142],{"class":141},[43,121079,145],{"class":53},[43,121081,75131],{"class":141},[43,121083,145],{"class":53},[43,121085,4729],{"class":148},[43,121087,108],{"class":53},[43,121089,22201],{"class":9794},[43,121091,98],{"class":97},[43,121093,4054],{"class":3510},[43,121095,79],{"class":53},[43,121097,9259],{"class":25373},[43,121099,2377],{"class":53},[43,121101,121102],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121103,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121105,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121107,4729],{"class":49},[43,121109,79],{"class":53},[43,121111,35428],{"class":148},[43,121113,145],{"class":53},[43,121115,15466],{"class":9794},[43,121117,98],{"class":97},[43,121119,4054],{"class":3510},[43,121121,79],{"class":53},[43,121123,9259],{"class":25373},[43,121125,346],{"class":53},[43,121127,121128,121130,121132,121134],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,121129,142],{"class":141},[43,121131,145],{"class":53},[43,121133,4729],{"class":148},[43,121135,346],{"class":53},[14,121137,121138],{},[76,121139,349],{},[34,121141,121143],{"className":36,"code":121142,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,121144,121145,121173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121146,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121148,54],{"class":53},[43,121150,361],{"class":264},[43,121152,4694],{"class":268},[43,121154,361],{"class":264},[43,121156,108],{"class":53},[43,121158,370],{"class":264},[43,121160,83750],{"class":268},[43,121162,361],{"class":264},[43,121164,108],{"class":53},[43,121166,370],{"class":264},[43,121168,119224],{"class":268},[43,121170,361],{"class":264},[43,121172,68],{"class":53},[43,121174,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121176,54],{"class":53},[43,121178,361],{"class":264},[43,121180,4694],{"class":268},[43,121182,361],{"class":264},[43,121184,108],{"class":53},[43,121186,370],{"class":264},[43,121188,83750],{"class":268},[43,121190,361],{"class":264},[43,121192,108],{"class":53},[43,121194,370],{"class":264},[43,121196,119224],{"class":268},[43,121198,361],{"class":264},[43,121200,68],{"class":53},[14,121202,2445,121203,121205],{},[18,121204,78972],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,121207,121208,121209,79],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[269,121210,121212],{"href":121211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[81,121214,121216],{"id":121215},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,121218,121219],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1499,121221,121223,121224,13221],{"id":121222},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,121225,78254],{},[14,121227,121228],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[34,121230,121232],{"className":36,"code":121231,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,121233,121234,121254,121258,121272,121276,121286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121235,121236,121238,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121237,94],{"class":49},[43,121239,98],{"class":97},[43,121241,101],{"class":53},[43,121243,181],{"class":104},[43,121245,108],{"class":53},[43,121247,6113],{"class":104},[43,121249,108],{"class":53},[43,121251,1525],{"class":104},[43,121253,68],{"class":53},[43,121255,121256],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121257,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121259,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121261,2836],{"class":49},[43,121263,98],{"class":97},[43,121265,2071],{"class":49},[43,121267,79],{"class":53},[43,121269,35428],{"class":148},[43,121271,9262],{"class":53},[43,121273,121274],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121275,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121277,121278,121280,121282,121284],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121279,142],{"class":141},[43,121281,145],{"class":53},[43,121283,2871],{"class":148},[43,121285,346],{"class":53},[43,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,121289,142],{"class":141},[43,121291,145],{"class":53},[43,121293,149],{"class":148},[43,121295,346],{"class":53},[14,121297,121298],{},[76,121299,349],{},[34,121301,121302],{"className":36,"code":79595,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,121303,121304,121308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121305,121306],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121307,12431],{"class":4466},[43,121309,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121311,54],{"class":53},[43,121313,154],{"class":104},[43,121315,108],{"class":53},[43,121317,1525],{"class":104},[43,121319,108],{"class":53},[43,121321,1530],{"class":104},[43,121323,68],{"class":53},[14,121325,12523],{},[389,121327,121328,121333,121338],{},[392,121329,121330,121332],{},[18,121331,120335],{}," sorts the list in place",[392,121334,35644,121335,121337],{},[76,121336,1957],{}," return the sorted list",[392,121339,90374,121340,42781,121342],{},[18,121341,2871],{},[18,121343,4391],{},[1499,121345,121347,121348,121350],{"id":121346},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,121349,75041],{}," to change the original list",[34,121352,121354],{"className":36,"code":121353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,121355,121356,121376,121380,121390,121394],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121357,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121372,121374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121359,94],{"class":49},[43,121361,98],{"class":97},[43,121363,101],{"class":53},[43,121365,181],{"class":104},[43,121367,108],{"class":53},[43,121369,6113],{"class":104},[43,121371,108],{"class":53},[43,121373,1525],{"class":104},[43,121375,68],{"class":53},[43,121377,121378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121379,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121381,121382,121384,121386,121388],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121383,75131],{"class":141},[43,121385,145],{"class":53},[43,121387,149],{"class":148},[43,121389,346],{"class":53},[43,121391,121392],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121393,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121395,121396,121398,121400,121402],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121397,142],{"class":141},[43,121399,145],{"class":53},[43,121401,149],{"class":148},[43,121403,346],{"class":53},[14,121405,121406],{},[76,121407,349],{},[34,121409,121410],{"className":36,"code":119556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,121411,121412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121413,121414,121416,121418,121420,121422,121424,121426],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121415,54],{"class":53},[43,121417,181],{"class":104},[43,121419,108],{"class":53},[43,121421,6113],{"class":104},[43,121423,108],{"class":53},[43,121425,1525],{"class":104},[43,121427,68],{"class":53},[14,121429,121430,121433],{},[18,121431,121432],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121435,11428],{},[34,121437,121439],{"className":36,"code":121438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121440,121441,121461,121465,121479,121483],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121442,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457,121459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121444,94],{"class":49},[43,121446,98],{"class":97},[43,121448,101],{"class":53},[43,121450,181],{"class":104},[43,121452,108],{"class":53},[43,121454,6113],{"class":104},[43,121456,108],{"class":53},[43,121458,1525],{"class":104},[43,121460,68],{"class":53},[43,121462,121463],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121464,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121466,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475,121477],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121468,56270],{"class":49},[43,121470,98],{"class":97},[43,121472,75175],{"class":141},[43,121474,145],{"class":53},[43,121476,149],{"class":148},[43,121478,346],{"class":53},[43,121480,121481],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121482,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121484,121485,121487,121489,121491],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121486,142],{"class":141},[43,121488,145],{"class":53},[43,121490,56289],{"class":148},[43,121492,346],{"class":53},[1499,121494,121496,121497,121499],{"id":121495},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121498,64937],{}," on a tuple or string",[34,121501,121502],{"className":36,"code":79697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,121503,121504,121516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121505,121506,121508,121510,121512,121514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121507,35316],{"class":49},[43,121509,98],{"class":97},[43,121511,276],{"class":264},[43,121513,38],{"class":268},[43,121515,3969],{"class":264},[43,121517,121518,121520,121522,121524],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121519,35337],{"class":49},[43,121521,79],{"class":53},[43,121523,35428],{"class":148},[43,121525,9262],{"class":53},[14,121527,121528,121529,34228],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121530,64937],{},[14,121532,121533,121535],{},[18,121534,64937],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121537,121538,121539,121541,121542,79],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121540,75041],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[269,121543,5751],{"href":6202},[1499,121545,121547,121548,119593],{"id":121546},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121549,75041],{},[34,121551,121553],{"className":36,"code":121552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121554,121555,121568,121582,121586,121596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121556,121557,121559,121561,121563,121566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121558,35316],{"class":49},[43,121560,98],{"class":97},[43,121562,276],{"class":264},[43,121564,121565],{"class":268},"cab",[43,121567,3969],{"class":264},[43,121569,121570,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121571,2836],{"class":49},[43,121573,98],{"class":97},[43,121575,75175],{"class":141},[43,121577,145],{"class":53},[43,121579,35337],{"class":148},[43,121581,346],{"class":53},[43,121583,121584],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121585,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,121587,121588,121590,121592,121594],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121589,142],{"class":141},[43,121591,145],{"class":53},[43,121593,2871],{"class":148},[43,121595,346],{"class":53},[43,121597,121598,121600,121602,121604,121606,121608],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121599,142],{"class":141},[43,121601,145],{"class":53},[43,121603,3832],{"class":3510},[43,121605,145],{"class":53},[43,121607,2871],{"class":148},[43,121609,2377],{"class":53},[14,121611,121612],{},[76,121613,349],{},[34,121615,121617],{"className":36,"code":121616,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121618,121619,121647],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121620,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643,121645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121622,54],{"class":53},[43,121624,361],{"class":264},[43,121626,269],{"class":268},[43,121628,361],{"class":264},[43,121630,108],{"class":53},[43,121632,370],{"class":264},[43,121634,279],{"class":268},[43,121636,361],{"class":264},[43,121638,108],{"class":53},[43,121640,370],{"class":264},[43,121642,288],{"class":268},[43,121644,361],{"class":264},[43,121646,68],{"class":53},[43,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121650,3901],{"class":97},[43,121652,3904],{"class":2671},[43,121654,370],{"class":264},[43,121656,8712],{"class":268},[43,121658,361],{"class":264},[43,121660,3913],{"class":97},[14,121662,121663],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[81,121665,114114],{"id":114113},[14,121667,121668],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[389,121670,121671,121674,121679,121684,121690],{},[392,121672,121673],{},"confusing a function with a method",[392,121675,121676,121677,54272],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121678,64937],{},[392,121680,121681,121682,13221],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121683,78254],{},[392,121685,121686,121687,121689],{},"trying to use ",[18,121688,64937],{}," on non-list data types",[392,121691,51134,121692,121694],{},[18,121693,75041],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121696,121697],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,121699,121701],{"className":36,"code":121700,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121702,121703,121713,121727,121752,121767,121777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121704,121705,121707,121709,121711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121706,142],{"class":141},[43,121708,145],{"class":53},[43,121710,50],{"class":148},[43,121712,346],{"class":53},[43,121714,121715,121717,121719,121721,121723,121725],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,121716,142],{"class":141},[43,121718,145],{"class":53},[43,121720,75131],{"class":141},[43,121722,145],{"class":53},[43,121724,50],{"class":148},[43,121726,2377],{"class":53},[43,121728,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741,121744,121746,121748,121750],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,121730,2836],{"class":49},[43,121732,98],{"class":97},[43,121734,9014],{"class":49},[43,121736,79],{"class":53},[43,121738,35428],{"class":148},[43,121740,7983],{"class":53},[43,121742,121743],{"class":49},"; ",[43,121745,142],{"class":141},[43,121747,145],{"class":53},[43,121749,2871],{"class":148},[43,121751,346],{"class":53},[43,121753,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762,121765],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,121755,142],{"class":141},[43,121757,145],{"class":53},[43,121759,3832],{"class":3510},[43,121761,145],{"class":53},[43,121763,121764],{"class":148},"my_data",[43,121766,2377],{"class":53},[43,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,121770,32779],{"class":141},[43,121772,145],{"class":53},[43,121774,75131],{"class":141},[43,121776,346],{"class":53},[43,121778,121779,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,121780,32779],{"class":141},[43,121782,145],{"class":53},[43,121784,8712],{"class":3510},[43,121786,79],{"class":53},[43,121788,35428],{"class":25373},[43,121790,346],{"class":53},[14,121792,84760],{},[389,121794,121795,121798,121802,121810],{},[392,121796,121797],{},"whether your original list changed",[392,121799,26643,121800,12328],{},[18,121801,75041],{},[392,121803,121804,121805,121807,121808],{},"whether ",[18,121806,64937],{}," returned ",[18,121809,4391],{},[392,121811,121812],{},"what type of object you are working with",[81,121814,121816],{"id":121815},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121818,121819],{},"Use this rule:",[389,121821,121822,121830],{},[392,121823,121824,121825,121827,121828],{},"Need a ",[76,121826,119918],{},": use ",[18,121829,75041],{},[392,121831,121832,121833,121827,121836],{},"Need to ",[76,121834,121835],{},"change one list directly",[18,121837,78254],{},[14,121839,121840,121841,121843],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121842,75041],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[81,121845,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,121847,121849,121850,3486,121852,2490],{"id":121848},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121851,75041],{},[18,121853,78254],{},[14,121855,121856,121858],{},[18,121857,75041],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1499,121860,5772,121862,5775,121864,2490],{"id":121861},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121863,78254],{},[18,121865,4391],{},[14,121867,121868],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1499,121870,5784,121872,121874],{"id":121871},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121873,75041],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121876,121877],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1499,121879,28953,121881,121883],{"id":121880},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121882,64937],{}," on a string?",[14,121885,46992,121886,121888,121889,40557],{},[18,121887,64937],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121890,121891],{},"sorted(string)",[1499,121893,12442,121895,1233,121897,121899],{"id":121894},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121896,75041],{},[18,121898,64937],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121901,121902,121903,79],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121904,78478],{},[81,121906,2497],{"id":2496},[389,121908,121909,121915,121921,121925,121929],{},[392,121910,121911],{},[269,121912,4187,121913,4120],{"href":75138},[18,121914,75041],{},[392,121916,121917],{},[269,121918,4187,121919,11361],{"href":75392},[18,121920,78254],{},[392,121922,121923],{},[269,121924,80260],{"href":78763},[392,121926,121927],{},[269,121928,121212],{"href":121211},[392,121930,121931],{},[269,121932,53399],{"href":418},[2536,121934,121935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":121937},[121938,121939,121940,121944,121948,121951,121955,121959,121964,121974,121975,121976,121988],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":120006,"depth":131,"text":120007},{"id":118109,"depth":131,"text":119831,"children":121941},[121942],{"id":120073,"depth":138,"text":121943},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78320,"depth":131,"text":80282,"children":121945},[121946],{"id":120250,"depth":138,"text":121947},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120346,"depth":131,"text":120347,"children":121949},[121950],{"id":120372,"depth":138,"text":120373},{"id":120578,"depth":131,"text":121952,"children":121953},"When to use sorted()",[121954],{"id":120600,"depth":138,"text":120601},{"id":120735,"depth":131,"text":121956,"children":121957},"When to use list.sort()",[121958],{"id":120758,"depth":138,"text":120759},{"id":120872,"depth":131,"text":121960,"children":121961},"reverse and key work with both",[121962,121963],{"id":120903,"depth":138,"text":120904},{"id":121031,"depth":138,"text":121032},{"id":121215,"depth":131,"text":121216,"children":121965},[121966,121968,121970,121972],{"id":121222,"depth":138,"text":121967},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121346,"depth":138,"text":121969},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121495,"depth":138,"text":121971},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121546,"depth":138,"text":121973},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114113,"depth":131,"text":114114},{"id":121815,"depth":131,"text":121816},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":121977},[121978,121980,121982,121984,121986],{"id":121848,"depth":138,"text":121979},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121861,"depth":138,"text":121981},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121871,"depth":138,"text":121983},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121880,"depth":138,"text":121985},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121894,"depth":138,"text":121987},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119877,"description":121989},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121995,"title":42802,"body":121996,"description":123728,"extension":2572,"meta":123729,"navigation":134,"path":123730,"seo":123731,"stem":123732,"__hash__":123733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121997,"toc":123685},[121998,122003,122008,122014,122016,122071,122075,122098,122103,122108,122113,122115,122146,122149,122163,122165,122167,122182,122187,122191,122194,122245,122249,122263,122270,122274,122278,122333,122337,122360,122364,122420,122424,122447,122451,122506,122510,122533,122537,122604,122608,122643,122649,122654,122659,122661,122675,122677,122751,122755,122775,122780,122787,122790,122802,122804,122873,122877,122914,122917,122942,122949,122958,122961,122973,122979,122985,122987,122993,122998,123077,123081,123122,123126,123128,123155,123158,123181,123184,123190,123193,123230,123242,123249,123251,123302,123305,123337,123340,123342,123349,123351,123366,123368,123425,123429,123453,123455,123460,123476,123483,123487,123490,123573,123583,123585,123590,123593,123599,123602,123608,123611,123617,123620,123627,123635,123637,123682],[10,121999,4187,122001,4191],{"id":122000},"python-str-function-explained",[18,122002,48311],{},[14,122004,32944,122005,122007],{},[18,122006,48311],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,122009,122010,122011,122013],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,122012,48311],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[81,122015,84],{"id":83},[34,122017,122019],{"className":36,"code":122018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122020,122021,122029,122043,122047,122057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122022,122023,122025,122027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122024,22250],{"class":49},[43,122026,98],{"class":97},[43,122028,45852],{"class":104},[43,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122032,35316],{"class":49},[43,122034,98],{"class":97},[43,122036,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122038,145],{"class":53},[43,122040,9918],{"class":148},[43,122042,346],{"class":53},[43,122044,122045],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122046,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122048,122049,122051,122053,122055],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122050,142],{"class":141},[43,122052,145],{"class":53},[43,122054,35337],{"class":148},[43,122056,346],{"class":53},[43,122058,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122060,142],{"class":141},[43,122062,145],{"class":53},[43,122064,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122066,145],{"class":53},[43,122068,35337],{"class":148},[43,122070,2377],{"class":53},[14,122072,122073],{},[76,122074,349],{},[34,122076,122078],{"className":36,"code":122077,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122079,122080,122084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122081,122082],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122083,3316],{"class":104},[43,122085,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122087,3901],{"class":97},[43,122089,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122091,370],{"class":264},[43,122093,4054],{"class":268},[43,122095,361],{"class":264},[43,122097,3913],{"class":97},[14,122099,230,122100,122102],{},[18,122101,48311],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[81,122104,4289,122106,4292],{"id":122105},"what-str-does",[18,122107,48311],{},[14,122109,122110,122112],{},[18,122111,48311],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,122114,2713],{},[389,122116,122117,122124,122131,122138],{},[392,122118,122119,122120,42781,122122],{},"An integer like ",[18,122121,105],{},[18,122123,42752],{},[392,122125,122126,122127,42781,122129],{},"A float like ",[18,122128,40770],{},[18,122130,48722],{},[392,122132,122133,122134,42781,122136],{},"A boolean like ",[18,122135,4216],{},[18,122137,7257],{},[392,122139,122140,122141,42781,122143],{},"A list like ",[18,122142,75861],{},[18,122144,122145],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,122147,122148],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[389,122150,122151,122154,122157,122160],{},[392,122152,122153],{},"print it",[392,122155,122156],{},"combine it with other strings",[392,122158,122159],{},"save it to a file",[392,122161,122162],{},"use it in messages",[81,122164,2763],{"id":2762},[14,122166,7835],{},[34,122168,122170],{"className":36,"code":122169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"str(object)\n",[18,122171,122172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122173,122174,122176,122178,122180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122175,4054],{"class":3510},[43,122177,145],{"class":53},[43,122179,43024],{"class":3510},[43,122181,346],{"class":53},[14,122183,21392,122184,122186],{},[18,122185,43024],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,122188,122189,8844],{},[18,122190,48311],{},[14,122192,122193],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[34,122195,122197],{"className":36,"code":122196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,122198,122199,122208,122231,122235],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122200,122201,122203,122205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122202,5710],{"class":49},[43,122204,98],{"class":97},[43,122206,122207],{"class":104}," 100\n",[43,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216,122219,122221,122223,122225,122227,122229],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122211,90394],{"class":49},[43,122213,98],{"class":97},[43,122215,276],{"class":264},[43,122217,122218],{"class":268},"Your score is ",[43,122220,265],{"class":264},[43,122222,3061],{"class":97},[43,122224,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122226,145],{"class":53},[43,122228,85907],{"class":148},[43,122230,346],{"class":53},[43,122232,122233],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122234,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122236,122237,122239,122241,122243],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122238,142],{"class":141},[43,122240,145],{"class":53},[43,122242,90411],{"class":148},[43,122244,346],{"class":53},[14,122246,122247],{},[76,122248,349],{},[34,122250,122252],{"className":36,"code":122251,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Your score is 100\n",[18,122253,122254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122255,122256,122259,122261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122257,122258],{"class":49},"Your score ",[43,122260,12817],{"class":97},[43,122262,122207],{"class":104},[14,122264,2903,122265,122269],{},[269,122266,122267,2910],{"href":2906},[18,122268,2909],{}," can help you check.",[81,122271,122273],{"id":122272},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1499,122275,122277],{"id":122276},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[34,122279,122281],{"className":36,"code":122280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122282,122283,122291,122305,122309,122319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122284,122285,122287,122289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122286,2823],{"class":49},[43,122288,98],{"class":97},[43,122290,3194],{"class":104},[43,122292,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122294,35316],{"class":49},[43,122296,98],{"class":97},[43,122298,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122300,145],{"class":53},[43,122302,2846],{"class":148},[43,122304,346],{"class":53},[43,122306,122307],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122308,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122310,122311,122313,122315,122317],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122312,142],{"class":141},[43,122314,145],{"class":53},[43,122316,35337],{"class":148},[43,122318,346],{"class":53},[43,122320,122321,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122322,142],{"class":141},[43,122324,145],{"class":53},[43,122326,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122328,145],{"class":53},[43,122330,35337],{"class":148},[43,122332,2377],{"class":53},[14,122334,122335],{},[76,122336,349],{},[34,122338,122340],{"className":36,"code":122339,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122341,122342,122346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122343,122344],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122345,2983],{"class":104},[43,122347,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122349,3901],{"class":97},[43,122351,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122353,370],{"class":264},[43,122355,4054],{"class":268},[43,122357,361],{"class":264},[43,122359,3913],{"class":97},[1499,122361,122363],{"id":122362},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[34,122365,122367],{"className":36,"code":122366,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122368,122369,122378,122392,122396,122406],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122370,122371,122373,122375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122372,41014],{"class":49},[43,122374,98],{"class":97},[43,122376,122377],{"class":104}," 3.14\n",[43,122379,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122381,35316],{"class":49},[43,122383,98],{"class":97},[43,122385,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122387,145],{"class":53},[43,122389,25773],{"class":148},[43,122391,346],{"class":53},[43,122393,122394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122395,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122397,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122399,142],{"class":141},[43,122401,145],{"class":53},[43,122403,35337],{"class":148},[43,122405,346],{"class":53},[43,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122409,142],{"class":141},[43,122411,145],{"class":53},[43,122413,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122415,145],{"class":53},[43,122417,35337],{"class":148},[43,122419,2377],{"class":53},[14,122421,122422],{},[76,122423,349],{},[34,122425,122427],{"className":36,"code":122426,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122428,122429,122433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122430,122431],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122432,40804],{"class":104},[43,122434,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122436,3901],{"class":97},[43,122438,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122440,370],{"class":264},[43,122442,4054],{"class":268},[43,122444,361],{"class":264},[43,122446,3913],{"class":97},[1499,122448,122450],{"id":122449},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[34,122452,122454],{"className":36,"code":122453,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122455,122456,122464,122478,122482,122492],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122457,122458,122460,122462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122459,3054],{"class":49},[43,122461,98],{"class":97},[43,122463,7038],{"class":4466},[43,122465,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474,122476],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122467,35316],{"class":49},[43,122469,98],{"class":97},[43,122471,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122473,145],{"class":53},[43,122475,3080],{"class":148},[43,122477,346],{"class":53},[43,122479,122480],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122481,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122483,122484,122486,122488,122490],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122485,142],{"class":141},[43,122487,145],{"class":53},[43,122489,35337],{"class":148},[43,122491,346],{"class":53},[43,122493,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122495,142],{"class":141},[43,122497,145],{"class":53},[43,122499,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122501,145],{"class":53},[43,122503,35337],{"class":148},[43,122505,2377],{"class":53},[14,122507,122508],{},[76,122509,349],{},[34,122511,122513],{"className":36,"code":122512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122514,122515,122519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122516,122517],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122518,4594],{"class":4466},[43,122520,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122522,3901],{"class":97},[43,122524,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122526,370],{"class":264},[43,122528,4054],{"class":268},[43,122530,361],{"class":264},[43,122532,3913],{"class":97},[1499,122534,122536],{"id":122535},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[34,122538,122540],{"className":36,"code":122539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122541,122542,122562,122576,122580,122590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122543,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558,122560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122545,8398],{"class":49},[43,122547,98],{"class":97},[43,122549,101],{"class":53},[43,122551,154],{"class":104},[43,122553,108],{"class":53},[43,122555,1525],{"class":104},[43,122557,108],{"class":53},[43,122559,1530],{"class":104},[43,122561,68],{"class":53},[43,122563,122564,122566,122568,122570,122572,122574],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122565,35316],{"class":49},[43,122567,98],{"class":97},[43,122569,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122571,145],{"class":53},[43,122573,8427],{"class":148},[43,122575,346],{"class":53},[43,122577,122578],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122579,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122581,122582,122584,122586,122588],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122583,142],{"class":141},[43,122585,145],{"class":53},[43,122587,35337],{"class":148},[43,122589,346],{"class":53},[43,122591,122592,122594,122596,122598,122600,122602],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122593,142],{"class":141},[43,122595,145],{"class":53},[43,122597,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122599,145],{"class":53},[43,122601,35337],{"class":148},[43,122603,2377],{"class":53},[14,122605,122606],{},[76,122607,349],{},[34,122609,122611],{"className":36,"code":122610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122612,122613,122629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122614,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122616,54],{"class":53},[43,122618,154],{"class":104},[43,122620,108],{"class":53},[43,122622,1525],{"class":104},[43,122624,108],{"class":53},[43,122626,1530],{"class":104},[43,122628,68],{"class":53},[43,122630,122631,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122632,3901],{"class":97},[43,122634,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122636,370],{"class":264},[43,122638,4054],{"class":268},[43,122640,361],{"class":264},[43,122642,3913],{"class":97},[14,122644,122645,122646,122648],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[76,122647,1957],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[81,122650,5576,122652],{"id":122651},"when-to-use-str",[18,122653,48311],{},[14,122655,230,122656,122658],{},[18,122657,48311],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122660,37054],{},[389,122662,122663,122666,122669,122672],{},[392,122664,122665],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[392,122667,122668],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[392,122670,122671],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[392,122673,122674],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122676,494],{},[34,122678,122680],{"className":36,"code":122679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122681,122682,122694,122702,122706,122741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122683,122684,122686,122688,122690,122692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122685,8494],{"class":49},[43,122687,98],{"class":97},[43,122689,276],{"class":264},[43,122691,12131],{"class":268},[43,122693,3969],{"class":264},[43,122695,122696,122698,122700],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122697,22250],{"class":49},[43,122699,98],{"class":97},[43,122701,45852],{"class":104},[43,122703,122704],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122705,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122707,122708,122710,122712,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730,122732,122734,122736,122739],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122709,90394],{"class":49},[43,122711,98],{"class":97},[43,122713,36599],{"class":49},[43,122715,2666],{"class":97},[43,122717,276],{"class":264},[43,122719,5398],{"class":268},[43,122721,265],{"class":264},[43,122723,3061],{"class":97},[43,122725,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122727,145],{"class":53},[43,122729,9918],{"class":148},[43,122731,4272],{"class":53},[43,122733,3061],{"class":97},[43,122735,276],{"class":264},[43,122737,122738],{"class":268}," years old.",[43,122740,3969],{"class":264},[43,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122744,142],{"class":141},[43,122746,145],{"class":53},[43,122748,90411],{"class":148},[43,122750,346],{"class":53},[14,122752,122753],{},[76,122754,349],{},[34,122756,122758],{"className":36,"code":122757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122759,122760],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122761,122762,122765,122767,122769,122772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122763,122764],{"class":49},"Maya ",[43,122766,12817],{"class":97},[43,122768,9925],{"class":104},[43,122770,122771],{"class":49}," years old",[43,122773,122774],{"class":53},".\n",[14,122776,122777,122778,79],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[269,122779,90080],{"href":90079},[81,122781,122783,11205,122785],{"id":122782},"str-vs-print",[18,122784,48311],{},[18,122786,47079],{},[14,122788,122789],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[389,122791,122792,122797],{},[392,122793,122794,122796],{},[18,122795,48311],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[392,122798,122799,122801],{},[18,122800,47079],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122803,494],{},[34,122805,122807],{"className":36,"code":122806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122808,122809,122817,122821,122835,122845,122859],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122810,122811,122813,122815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122812,3054],{"class":49},[43,122814,98],{"class":97},[43,122816,3376],{"class":104},[43,122818,122819],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122820,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,122822,122823,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122824,35316],{"class":49},[43,122826,98],{"class":97},[43,122828,49532],{"class":3510},[43,122830,145],{"class":53},[43,122832,3080],{"class":148},[43,122834,346],{"class":53},[43,122836,122837,122839,122841,122843],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,122838,142],{"class":141},[43,122840,145],{"class":53},[43,122842,35337],{"class":148},[43,122844,346],{"class":53},[43,122846,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,122848,142],{"class":141},[43,122850,145],{"class":53},[43,122852,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122854,145],{"class":53},[43,122856,35337],{"class":148},[43,122858,2377],{"class":53},[43,122860,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,122862,142],{"class":141},[43,122864,145],{"class":53},[43,122866,3832],{"class":3510},[43,122868,145],{"class":53},[43,122870,3080],{"class":148},[43,122872,2377],{"class":53},[14,122874,122875],{},[76,122876,349],{},[34,122878,122880],{"className":36,"code":122879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122881,122882,122886,122900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122883,122884],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122885,47239],{"class":104},[43,122887,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,122889,3901],{"class":97},[43,122891,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122893,370],{"class":264},[43,122895,4054],{"class":268},[43,122897,361],{"class":264},[43,122899,3913],{"class":97},[43,122901,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910,122912],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,122903,3901],{"class":97},[43,122905,3904],{"class":2671},[43,122907,370],{"class":264},[43,122909,2795],{"class":268},[43,122911,361],{"class":264},[43,122913,3913],{"class":97},[14,122915,122916],{},"Notice:",[389,122918,122919,122925,122930],{},[392,122920,122921,122924],{},[18,122922,122923],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[392,122926,122927,122929],{},[18,122928,47079],{}," only displayed values",[392,122931,122932,122934,122935,122937,122938,61926,122940],{},[18,122933,47079],{}," did not change ",[18,122936,3080],{}," from ",[18,122939,2795],{},[18,122941,4054],{},[14,122943,122944,122945,79],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[269,122946,122947,2910],{"href":47076},[18,122948,47079],{},[81,122950,122952,11205,122954,122957],{"id":122951},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122953,48311],{},[18,122955,122956],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122959,122960],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[389,122962,122963,122968],{},[392,122964,122965,122967],{},[18,122966,48311],{}," is the more readable text version",[392,122969,122970,122972],{},[18,122971,122956],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122974,122975,122976,122978],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122977,48311],{}," much more often.",[14,122980,122981,122982,122984],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122983,48311],{}," is usually the right choice.",[81,122986,5134],{"id":5133},[1499,122988,26398,122990,122992],{"id":122989},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122991,48311],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122994,122995,122997],{},[18,122996,48311],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[34,122999,123001],{"className":36,"code":123000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,123002,123003,123011,123025,123029,123039,123053,123063],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123004,123005,123007,123009],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123006,22250],{"class":49},[43,123008,98],{"class":97},[43,123010,45852],{"class":104},[43,123012,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123014,35316],{"class":49},[43,123016,98],{"class":97},[43,123018,49532],{"class":3510},[43,123020,145],{"class":53},[43,123022,9918],{"class":148},[43,123024,346],{"class":53},[43,123026,123027],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123028,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,123030,123031,123033,123035,123037],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,123032,142],{"class":141},[43,123034,145],{"class":53},[43,123036,9918],{"class":148},[43,123038,346],{"class":53},[43,123040,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,123042,142],{"class":141},[43,123044,145],{"class":53},[43,123046,3832],{"class":3510},[43,123048,145],{"class":53},[43,123050,9918],{"class":148},[43,123052,2377],{"class":53},[43,123054,123055,123057,123059,123061],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,123056,142],{"class":141},[43,123058,145],{"class":53},[43,123060,35337],{"class":148},[43,123062,346],{"class":53},[43,123064,123065,123067,123069,123071,123073,123075],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,123066,142],{"class":141},[43,123068,145],{"class":53},[43,123070,3832],{"class":3510},[43,123072,145],{"class":53},[43,123074,35337],{"class":148},[43,123076,2377],{"class":53},[14,123078,123079],{},[76,123080,349],{},[34,123082,123084],{"className":36,"code":123083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123085,123086,123090,123104,123108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123087,123088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123089,3316],{"class":104},[43,123091,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123093,3901],{"class":97},[43,123095,3904],{"class":2671},[43,123097,370],{"class":264},[43,123099,2795],{"class":268},[43,123101,361],{"class":264},[43,123103,3913],{"class":97},[43,123105,123106],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123107,3316],{"class":104},[43,123109,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118,123120],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,123111,3901],{"class":97},[43,123113,3904],{"class":2671},[43,123115,370],{"class":264},[43,123117,4054],{"class":268},[43,123119,361],{"class":264},[43,123121,3913],{"class":97},[1499,123123,123125],{"id":123124},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,123127,7304],{},[34,123129,123131],{"className":36,"code":123130,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,123132,123133,123141],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123134,123135,123137,123139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123136,22250],{"class":49},[43,123138,98],{"class":97},[43,123140,45852],{"class":104},[43,123142,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123144,35316],{"class":49},[43,123146,98],{"class":97},[43,123148,49532],{"class":3510},[43,123150,145],{"class":53},[43,123152,9918],{"class":148},[43,123154,346],{"class":53},[14,123156,123157],{},"But if you only do this:",[34,123159,123161],{"className":36,"code":123160,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,123162,123163,123171],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123164,123165,123167,123169],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123166,22250],{"class":49},[43,123168,98],{"class":97},[43,123170,45852],{"class":104},[43,123172,123173,123175,123177,123179],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123174,4054],{"class":3510},[43,123176,145],{"class":53},[43,123178,9918],{"class":148},[43,123180,346],{"class":53},[14,123182,123183],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1499,123185,2445,123187,123189],{"id":123186},"using-str-too-early",[18,123188,48311],{}," too early",[14,123191,123192],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[34,123194,123196],{"className":36,"code":123195,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,123197,123198,123206,123221,123225],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123199,123200,123202,123204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123201,41014],{"class":49},[43,123203,98],{"class":97},[43,123205,3194],{"class":104},[43,123207,123208,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123209,123210],{"class":49},"text_price ",[43,123212,98],{"class":97},[43,123214,49532],{"class":3510},[43,123216,145],{"class":53},[43,123218,25773],{"class":148},[43,123220,346],{"class":53},[43,123222,123223],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123224,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,123226,123227],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,123228,123229],{"class":165},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,123231,123232,123233,3486,123237,123241],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[269,123234,123235],{"href":3482},[18,123236,3485],{},[269,123238,123239],{"href":3489},[18,123240,3492],{},", depending on the situation.",[1499,123243,9071,123245,123248],{"id":123244},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,123246,123247],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,123250,65269],{},[34,123252,123254],{"className":36,"code":123253,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,123255,123256,123288],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123257,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123259,8398],{"class":49},[43,123261,98],{"class":97},[43,123263,101],{"class":53},[43,123265,265],{"class":264},[43,123267,4694],{"class":268},[43,123269,265],{"class":264},[43,123271,108],{"class":53},[43,123273,276],{"class":264},[43,123275,4703],{"class":268},[43,123277,265],{"class":264},[43,123279,108],{"class":53},[43,123281,276],{"class":264},[43,123283,33848],{"class":268},[43,123285,265],{"class":264},[43,123287,68],{"class":53},[43,123289,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123291,142],{"class":141},[43,123293,145],{"class":53},[43,123295,4054],{"class":3510},[43,123297,145],{"class":53},[43,123299,8427],{"class":148},[43,123301,2377],{"class":53},[14,123303,123304],{},"prints:",[34,123306,123307],{"className":36,"code":73455,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,123308,123309],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123310,123311,123313,123315,123317,123319,123321,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123312,54],{"class":53},[43,123314,361],{"class":264},[43,123316,4694],{"class":268},[43,123318,361],{"class":264},[43,123320,108],{"class":53},[43,123322,370],{"class":264},[43,123324,4703],{"class":268},[43,123326,361],{"class":264},[43,123328,108],{"class":53},[43,123330,370],{"class":264},[43,123332,33848],{"class":268},[43,123334,361],{"class":264},[43,123336,68],{"class":53},[14,123338,123339],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[81,123341,18040],{"id":18039},[14,123343,123344,22597,123346,79],{},[18,123345,48311],{},[76,123347,123348],{},"new string",[14,123350,12080],{},[389,123352,123353,123356,123359],{},[392,123354,123355],{},"It always returns a string",[392,123357,123358],{},"It does not modify the original object",[392,123360,8381,123361,123365],{},[269,123362,123363],{"href":2906},[18,123364,2909],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123367,494],{},[34,123369,123371],{"className":36,"code":123370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123372,123373,123381,123396,123400,123411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123374,123375,123377,123379],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123376,3054],{"class":49},[43,123378,98],{"class":97},[43,123380,14755],{"class":104},[43,123382,123383,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123384,123385],{"class":49},"converted ",[43,123387,98],{"class":97},[43,123389,49532],{"class":3510},[43,123391,145],{"class":53},[43,123393,3080],{"class":148},[43,123395,346],{"class":53},[43,123397,123398],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123399,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,123401,123402,123404,123406,123409],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,123403,142],{"class":141},[43,123405,145],{"class":53},[43,123407,123408],{"class":148},"converted",[43,123410,346],{"class":53},[43,123412,123413,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,123414,142],{"class":141},[43,123416,145],{"class":53},[43,123418,3832],{"class":3510},[43,123420,145],{"class":53},[43,123422,123408],{"class":148},[43,123424,2377],{"class":53},[14,123426,123427],{},[76,123428,349],{},[34,123430,123432],{"className":36,"code":123431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123433,123434,123439],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123435,123436],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123437,123438],{"class":104},"99\n",[43,123440,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123442,3901],{"class":97},[43,123444,3904],{"class":2671},[43,123446,370],{"class":264},[43,123448,4054],{"class":268},[43,123450,361],{"class":264},[43,123452,3913],{"class":97},[81,123454,114114],{"id":114113},[14,123456,123457,123458,75430],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123459,48311],{},[389,123461,123462,123465,123468,123473],{},[392,123463,123464],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[392,123466,123467],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[392,123469,2445,123470,123472],{},[18,123471,48311],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[392,123474,123475],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123477,123478,123479,79],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[269,123480,26303,123481],{"href":90792},[18,123482,90793],{},[81,123484,123486],{"id":123485},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123488,123489],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[34,123491,123493],{"className":36,"code":123492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123494,123495,123503,123507,123517,123531,123535,123549,123559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123496,123497,123499,123501],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123498,3054],{"class":49},[43,123500,98],{"class":97},[43,123502,45852],{"class":104},[43,123504,123505],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,123508,123509,123511,123513,123515],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123510,142],{"class":141},[43,123512,145],{"class":53},[43,123514,3080],{"class":148},[43,123516,346],{"class":53},[43,123518,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,123520,142],{"class":141},[43,123522,145],{"class":53},[43,123524,3832],{"class":3510},[43,123526,145],{"class":53},[43,123528,3080],{"class":148},[43,123530,2377],{"class":53},[43,123532,123533],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,123534,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,123536,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,123538,123385],{"class":49},[43,123540,98],{"class":97},[43,123542,49532],{"class":3510},[43,123544,145],{"class":53},[43,123546,3080],{"class":148},[43,123548,346],{"class":53},[43,123550,123551,123553,123555,123557],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,123552,142],{"class":141},[43,123554,145],{"class":53},[43,123556,123408],{"class":148},[43,123558,346],{"class":53},[43,123560,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,123562,142],{"class":141},[43,123564,145],{"class":53},[43,123566,3832],{"class":3510},[43,123568,145],{"class":53},[43,123570,123408],{"class":148},[43,123572,2377],{"class":53},[14,123574,123575,123576,21,123578,123580,123581,79],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123577,2795],{},[18,123579,2798],{},", or another type into ",[18,123582,4054],{},[81,123584,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,123586,2476,123588,5759],{"id":123587},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123589,48311],{},[14,123591,123592],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1499,123594,13328,123596,123598],{"id":123595},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123597,48311],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123600,123601],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1499,123603,5784,123605,123607],{"id":123604},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123606,48311],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123609,123610],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1499,123612,94978,123614,123616],{"id":123613},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123615,48311],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123618,123619],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1499,123621,15527,123623,57832,123625,2490],{"id":123622},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123624,48311],{},[18,123626,47079],{},[14,123628,46992,123629,123631,123632,123634],{},[18,123630,48311],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123633,47079],{}," shows output.",[81,123636,2497],{"id":2496},[389,123638,123639,123645,123651,123657,123663,123672,123676],{},[392,123640,123641],{},[269,123642,123643,4120],{"href":47076},[18,123644,47079],{},[392,123646,123647],{},[269,123648,123649,4120],{"href":2906},[18,123650,2909],{},[392,123652,123653],{},[269,123654,123655,4120],{"href":3482},[18,123656,3485],{},[392,123658,123659],{},[269,123660,123661,4120],{"href":3489},[18,123662,3492],{},[392,123664,123665],{},[269,123666,123668,123669,123671],{"href":123667},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123670,2795],{}," to string in Python",[392,123673,123674],{},[269,123675,91070],{"href":90079},[392,123677,123678],{},[269,123679,30973,123680],{"href":90792},[18,123681,90793],{},[2536,123683,123684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":123686},[123687,123688,123690,123691,123697,123699,123701,123703,123712,123713,123714,123715,123727],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":122105,"depth":131,"text":123689},"What str() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":122272,"depth":131,"text":122273,"children":123692},[123693,123694,123695,123696],{"id":122276,"depth":138,"text":122277},{"id":122362,"depth":138,"text":122363},{"id":122449,"depth":138,"text":122450},{"id":122535,"depth":138,"text":122536},{"id":122651,"depth":131,"text":123698},"When to use str()",{"id":122782,"depth":131,"text":123700},"str() vs print()",{"id":122951,"depth":131,"text":123702},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":123704},[123705,123707,123708,123710],{"id":122989,"depth":138,"text":123706},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123124,"depth":138,"text":123125},{"id":123186,"depth":138,"text":123709},"Using str() too early",{"id":123244,"depth":138,"text":123711},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":114113,"depth":131,"text":114114},{"id":123485,"depth":131,"text":123486},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":123716},[123717,123719,123721,123723,123725],{"id":123587,"depth":138,"text":123718},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123595,"depth":138,"text":123720},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123604,"depth":138,"text":123722},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123613,"depth":138,"text":123724},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123622,"depth":138,"text":123726},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42802,"description":123728},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123735,"title":123736,"body":123737,"description":125190,"extension":2572,"meta":125191,"navigation":134,"path":125192,"seo":125193,"stem":125194,"__hash__":125195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123738,"toc":125152},[123739,123745,123751,123754,123776,123778,123840,123842,123855,123861,123866,123871,123873,123886,123897,123899,123926,123928,123945,123952,123963,123965,123970,123972,123984,123992,124001,124003,124006,124059,124061,124069,124077,124081,124086,124126,124128,124136,124139,124141,124181,124183,124191,124201,124207,124210,124283,124285,124298,124302,124307,124335,124338,124373,124375,124383,124386,124390,124394,124396,124412,124414,124454,124456,124464,124473,124516,124518,124526,124528,124532,124538,124541,124581,124583,124591,124596,124599,124642,124646,124649,124684,124689,124691,124730,124740,124748,124758,124766,124770,124775,124777,124818,124820,124828,124833,124836,124839,124857,124863,124867,124872,124875,124915,124917,124922,125021,125024,125040,125042,125061,125063,125070,125073,125079,125082,125088,125092,125098,125101,125107,125110,125112,125149],[10,123740,123742,123743,11943],{"id":123741},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123744,57916],{},[14,123746,123747,123748,123750],{},"The Python string ",[18,123749,57916],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123752,123753],{},"This reference page explains:",[389,123755,123756,123760,123763,123765,123773],{},[392,123757,26643,123758,4292],{},[18,123759,57916],{},[392,123761,123762],{},"its syntax",[392,123764,36024],{},[392,123766,123767,123768,1233,123770,123772],{},"how ",[18,123769,20],{},[18,123771,53288],{}," work",[392,123774,123775],{},"common beginner mistakes",[81,123777,84],{"id":83},[34,123779,123781],{"className":36,"code":123780,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123782,123783,123795,123817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123784,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123786,35316],{"class":49},[43,123788,98],{"class":97},[43,123790,276],{"class":264},[43,123792,4703],{"class":268},[43,123794,3969],{"class":264},[43,123796,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123798,142],{"class":141},[43,123800,145],{"class":53},[43,123802,35337],{"class":148},[43,123804,79],{"class":53},[43,123806,41885],{"class":148},[43,123808,145],{"class":53},[43,123810,265],{"class":264},[43,123812,269],{"class":268},[43,123814,265],{"class":264},[43,123816,2377],{"class":53},[43,123818,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833,123836,123838],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,123820,142],{"class":141},[43,123822,145],{"class":53},[43,123824,35337],{"class":148},[43,123826,79],{"class":53},[43,123828,41885],{"class":148},[43,123830,145],{"class":53},[43,123832,265],{"class":264},[43,123834,123835],{"class":268},"na",[43,123837,265],{"class":264},[43,123839,2377],{"class":53},[14,123841,349],{},[34,123843,123845],{"className":36,"code":123844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n2\n",[18,123846,123847,123851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123848,123849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123850,47244],{"class":104},[43,123852,123853],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,123854,17678],{"class":104},[14,123856,230,123857,123860],{},[18,123858,123859],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[81,123862,13621,123864,13624],{"id":123863},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123865,57916],{},[14,123867,123868,123870],{},[18,123869,57916],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123872,387],{},[389,123874,123875,123878,123881,123883],{},[392,123876,123877],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[392,123879,123880],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[392,123882,44284],{},[392,123884,123885],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123887,123888,123889,123891,123892,21,123894,123896],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123890,18718],{}," characters are in ",[18,123893,65898],{},[18,123895,57916],{}," is a simple choice.",[81,123898,2763],{"id":2762},[34,123900,123902],{"className":36,"code":123901,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123903,123904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123905,123906,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123907,61799],{"class":49},[43,123909,79],{"class":53},[43,123911,41885],{"class":148},[43,123913,145],{"class":53},[43,123915,3080],{"class":148},[43,123917,108],{"class":53},[43,123919,36682],{"class":148},[43,123921,108],{"class":53},[43,123923,65666],{"class":148},[43,123925,346],{"class":53},[1499,123927,18016],{"id":18015},[389,123929,123930,123935,123940],{},[392,123931,123932,123934],{},[18,123933,3080],{},": the text to search for",[392,123936,123937,123939],{},[18,123938,20],{},": optional; where counting begins",[392,123941,123942,123944],{},[18,123943,53288],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123946,123947,1233,123949,123951],{},[18,123948,20],{},[18,123950,53288],{}," work like slice positions:",[389,123953,123954,123959],{},[392,123955,123956,123958],{},[18,123957,20],{}," is included",[392,123960,123961,409],{},[18,123962,53288],{},[81,123964,18040],{"id":18039},[14,123966,123967,123969],{},[18,123968,57916],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123971,2731],{},[389,123973,123974,123979],{},[392,123975,123976,123977],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123978,181],{},[392,123980,123981,123982],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123983,1277],{},[14,123985,1954,123986,5775,123988,3486,123990,79],{},[76,123987,1957],{},[18,123989,4216],{},[18,123991,4285],{},[14,123993,123994,123995,124000],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[269,123996,123998,101988],{"href":123997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123999,4498],{}," is often a better fit.",[81,124002,12097],{"id":12096},[14,124004,124005],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[34,124007,124009],{"className":36,"code":124008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,124010,124011,124023,124045,124049],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124012,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124014,35316],{"class":49},[43,124016,98],{"class":97},[43,124018,276],{"class":264},[43,124020,4694],{"class":268},[43,124022,3969],{"class":264},[43,124024,124025,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124026,2836],{"class":49},[43,124028,98],{"class":97},[43,124030,43467],{"class":49},[43,124032,79],{"class":53},[43,124034,41885],{"class":148},[43,124036,145],{"class":53},[43,124038,265],{"class":264},[43,124040,14],{"class":268},[43,124042,265],{"class":264},[43,124044,346],{"class":53},[43,124046,124047],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,124048,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,124050,124051,124053,124055,124057],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,124052,142],{"class":141},[43,124054,145],{"class":53},[43,124056,2871],{"class":148},[43,124058,346],{"class":53},[14,124060,349],{},[34,124062,124063],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124064,124065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124066,124067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124068,17678],{"class":104},[14,124070,64445,124071,124074,124075,79],{},[18,124072,124073],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,124076,58459],{},[81,124078,124080],{"id":124079},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,124082,124083,124085],{},[18,124084,57916],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[34,124087,124089],{"className":36,"code":124088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,124090,124091,124104],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124092,124093,124095,124097,124099,124102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124094,35316],{"class":49},[43,124096,98],{"class":97},[43,124098,276],{"class":264},[43,124100,124101],{"class":268},"cat dog cat bird cat",[43,124103,3969],{"class":264},[43,124105,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124107,142],{"class":141},[43,124109,145],{"class":53},[43,124111,35337],{"class":148},[43,124113,79],{"class":53},[43,124115,41885],{"class":148},[43,124117,145],{"class":53},[43,124119,265],{"class":264},[43,124121,37675],{"class":268},[43,124123,265],{"class":264},[43,124125,2377],{"class":53},[14,124127,349],{},[34,124129,124130],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124131,124132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124133,124134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124135,47244],{"class":104},[14,124137,124138],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,124140,494],{},[34,124142,124144],{"className":36,"code":124143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,124145,124146,124159],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124147,124148,124150,124152,124154,124157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124149,35316],{"class":49},[43,124151,98],{"class":97},[43,124153,276],{"class":264},[43,124155,124156],{"class":268},"one One one",[43,124158,3969],{"class":264},[43,124160,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124162,142],{"class":141},[43,124164,145],{"class":53},[43,124166,35337],{"class":148},[43,124168,79],{"class":53},[43,124170,41885],{"class":148},[43,124172,145],{"class":53},[43,124174,265],{"class":264},[43,124176,7201],{"class":268},[43,124178,265],{"class":264},[43,124180,2377],{"class":53},[14,124182,349],{},[34,124184,124185],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124186,124187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124188,124189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124190,17678],{"class":104},[14,124192,124193,124194,124197,124198,124200],{},"The uppercase ",[18,124195,124196],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,124199,57916],{}," is case-sensitive.",[81,124202,2445,124203,1233,124205],{"id":66030},[18,124204,20],{},[18,124206,53288],{},[14,124208,124209],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[34,124211,124213],{"className":36,"code":124212,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,124214,124215,124227,124253],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124216,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124218,35316],{"class":49},[43,124220,98],{"class":97},[43,124222,276],{"class":264},[43,124224,4703],{"class":268},[43,124226,3969],{"class":264},[43,124228,124229,124231,124233,124235,124237,124239,124241,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124230,142],{"class":141},[43,124232,145],{"class":53},[43,124234,35337],{"class":148},[43,124236,79],{"class":53},[43,124238,41885],{"class":148},[43,124240,145],{"class":53},[43,124242,265],{"class":264},[43,124244,269],{"class":268},[43,124246,265],{"class":264},[43,124248,108],{"class":53},[43,124250,1525],{"class":104},[43,124252,2377],{"class":53},[43,124254,124255,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,124256,142],{"class":141},[43,124258,145],{"class":53},[43,124260,35337],{"class":148},[43,124262,79],{"class":53},[43,124264,41885],{"class":148},[43,124266,145],{"class":53},[43,124268,265],{"class":264},[43,124270,269],{"class":268},[43,124272,265],{"class":264},[43,124274,108],{"class":53},[43,124276,1525],{"class":104},[43,124278,108],{"class":53},[43,124280,5221],{"class":104},[43,124282,2377],{"class":53},[14,124284,349],{},[34,124286,124288],{"className":36,"code":124287,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n1\n",[18,124289,124290,124294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124291,124292],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124293,17678],{"class":104},[43,124295,124296],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124297,47544],{"class":104},[1499,124299,124301],{"id":124300},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,124303,124304,124305,59],{},"In ",[18,124306,65898],{},[389,124308,124309,124317,124325],{},[392,124310,71584,124311,124313,124314],{},[18,124312,201],{}," starts at the first ",[18,124315,124316],{},"\"n\"",[392,124318,124319,124322,124323,713],{},[18,124320,124321],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,124324,201],{},[392,124326,124327,124322,124330,124332,124333],{},[18,124328,124329],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,124331,201],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,124334,831],{},[14,124336,124337],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[34,124339,124341],{"className":36,"code":124340,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,124342,124343,124355],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124344,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124346,35316],{"class":49},[43,124348,98],{"class":97},[43,124350,276],{"class":264},[43,124352,4703],{"class":268},[43,124354,3969],{"class":264},[43,124356,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124358,142],{"class":141},[43,124360,145],{"class":53},[43,124362,35337],{"class":148},[43,124364,54],{"class":53},[43,124366,201],{"class":104},[43,124368,59],{"class":53},[43,124370,831],{"class":104},[43,124372,1547],{"class":53},[14,124374,349],{},[34,124376,124377],{"className":36,"code":42094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124378,124379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124380,124381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124382,42094],{"class":49},[14,124384,124385],{},"Only that section is searched.",[81,124387,124389],{"id":124388},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124391,124392,124200],{},[18,124393,57916],{},[14,124395,2713],{},[389,124397,124398,124406],{},[392,124399,124400,1233,124402,124405],{},[18,124401,18718],{},[18,124403,124404],{},"\"A\""," are different",[392,124407,124408,1233,124410,124405],{},[18,124409,65160],{},[18,124411,90805],{},[14,124413,494],{},[34,124415,124417],{"className":36,"code":124416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124418,124419,124432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124420,124421,124423,124425,124427,124430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124422,35316],{"class":49},[43,124424,98],{"class":97},[43,124426,276],{"class":264},[43,124428,124429],{"class":268},"Apple apple APPLE",[43,124431,3969],{"class":264},[43,124433,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124435,142],{"class":141},[43,124437,145],{"class":53},[43,124439,35337],{"class":148},[43,124441,79],{"class":53},[43,124443,41885],{"class":148},[43,124445,145],{"class":53},[43,124447,265],{"class":264},[43,124449,4694],{"class":268},[43,124451,265],{"class":264},[43,124453,2377],{"class":53},[14,124455,349],{},[34,124457,124458],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124459,124460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124461,124462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124463,47544],{"class":104},[14,124465,124466,124467,59],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[269,124468,124470],{"href":124469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124471,124472],{},"lower()",[34,124474,124476],{"className":36,"code":124475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124477,124478,124490],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124479,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124481,35316],{"class":49},[43,124483,98],{"class":97},[43,124485,276],{"class":264},[43,124487,124429],{"class":268},[43,124489,3969],{"class":264},[43,124491,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512,124514],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124493,142],{"class":141},[43,124495,145],{"class":53},[43,124497,35337],{"class":148},[43,124499,79],{"class":53},[43,124501,9259],{"class":148},[43,124503,9256],{"class":53},[43,124505,41885],{"class":148},[43,124507,145],{"class":53},[43,124509,265],{"class":264},[43,124511,4694],{"class":268},[43,124513,265],{"class":264},[43,124515,2377],{"class":53},[14,124517,349],{},[34,124519,124520],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124521,124522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124523,124524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124525,47244],{"class":104},[81,124527,3438],{"id":3437},[14,124529,23717,124530,79],{},[18,124531,57916],{},[1499,124533,9071,124535,124537],{"id":124534},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124536,57916],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124539,124540],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[34,124542,124544],{"className":36,"code":124543,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124545,124546,124559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124547,124548,124550,124552,124554,124557],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124549,35316],{"class":49},[43,124551,98],{"class":97},[43,124553,276],{"class":264},[43,124555,124556],{"class":268},"Aardvark",[43,124558,3969],{"class":264},[43,124560,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124562,142],{"class":141},[43,124564,145],{"class":53},[43,124566,35337],{"class":148},[43,124568,79],{"class":53},[43,124570,41885],{"class":148},[43,124572,145],{"class":53},[43,124574,265],{"class":264},[43,124576,269],{"class":268},[43,124578,265],{"class":264},[43,124580,2377],{"class":53},[14,124582,349],{},[34,124584,124585],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124586,124587],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124588,124589],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124590,17678],{"class":104},[14,124592,124193,124593,124595],{},[18,124594,124404],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124597,124598],{},"If needed, convert first:",[34,124600,124602],{"className":36,"code":124601,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124603,124604,124616],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124605,124606,124608,124610,124612,124614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124607,35316],{"class":49},[43,124609,98],{"class":97},[43,124611,276],{"class":264},[43,124613,124556],{"class":268},[43,124615,3969],{"class":264},[43,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628,124630,124632,124634,124636,124638,124640],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124619,142],{"class":141},[43,124621,145],{"class":53},[43,124623,35337],{"class":148},[43,124625,79],{"class":53},[43,124627,9259],{"class":148},[43,124629,9256],{"class":53},[43,124631,41885],{"class":148},[43,124633,145],{"class":53},[43,124635,265],{"class":264},[43,124637,269],{"class":268},[43,124639,265],{"class":264},[43,124641,2377],{"class":53},[1499,124643,124645],{"id":124644},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124647,124648],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[34,124650,124652],{"className":36,"code":124651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124653,124654,124666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124655,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124657,35316],{"class":49},[43,124659,98],{"class":97},[43,124661,276],{"class":264},[43,124663,4703],{"class":268},[43,124665,3969],{"class":264},[43,124667,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678,124680,124682],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124669,142],{"class":141},[43,124671,145],{"class":53},[43,124673,35337],{"class":148},[43,124675,79],{"class":53},[43,124677,41885],{"class":148},[43,124679,145],{"class":53},[43,124681,269],{"class":148},[43,124683,2377],{"class":53},[14,124685,124686,124687,79],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124688,269],{},[14,124690,11428],{},[34,124692,124694],{"className":36,"code":124693,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124695,124696,124708],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124697,124698,124700,124702,124704,124706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124699,35316],{"class":49},[43,124701,98],{"class":97},[43,124703,276],{"class":264},[43,124705,4703],{"class":268},[43,124707,3969],{"class":264},[43,124709,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726,124728],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124711,142],{"class":141},[43,124713,145],{"class":53},[43,124715,35337],{"class":148},[43,124717,79],{"class":53},[43,124719,41885],{"class":148},[43,124721,145],{"class":53},[43,124723,265],{"class":264},[43,124725,269],{"class":268},[43,124727,265],{"class":264},[43,124729,2377],{"class":53},[1499,124731,1860,124733,1863,124735,3486,124738],{"id":124732},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124734,57916],{},[18,124736,124737],{},"find()",[18,124739,59594],{},[14,124741,230,124742,124744,124745,79],{},[18,124743,57916],{}," when you need the ",[76,124746,124747],{},"number of matches",[14,124749,230,124750,124744,124755,124757],{},[269,124751,124753],{"href":124752},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124754,124737],{},[76,124756,65572],{}," of the first match.",[14,124759,230,124760,124765],{},[269,124761,124763],{"href":124762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124764,59594],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1499,124767,124769],{"id":124768},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124771,124772,124774],{},[18,124773,57916],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124776,494],{},[34,124778,124780],{"className":36,"code":124779,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124781,124782,124795],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124783,124784,124786,124788,124790,124793],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124785,35316],{"class":49},[43,124787,98],{"class":97},[43,124789,276],{"class":264},[43,124791,124792],{"class":268},"aaaa",[43,124794,3969],{"class":264},[43,124796,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805,124807,124809,124811,124814,124816],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124798,142],{"class":141},[43,124800,145],{"class":53},[43,124802,35337],{"class":148},[43,124804,79],{"class":53},[43,124806,41885],{"class":148},[43,124808,145],{"class":53},[43,124810,265],{"class":264},[43,124812,124813],{"class":268},"aa",[43,124815,265],{"class":264},[43,124817,2377],{"class":53},[14,124819,349],{},[34,124821,124822],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124823,124824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124825,124826],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124827,17678],{"class":104},[14,124829,124830,124831,79],{},"It does not return ",[18,124832,181],{},[14,124834,124835],{},"Why not?",[14,124837,124838],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[389,124840,124841,124850],{},[392,124842,124843,124846,124847],{},[18,124844,124845],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124848,124849],{},"0-1",[392,124851,124852,124846,124854],{},[18,124853,124845],{},[18,124855,124856],{},"2-3",[14,124858,124859,124860,79],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124861,124862],{},"1-2",[81,124864,5576,124865],{"id":58999},[18,124866,57916],{},[14,124868,230,124869,124871],{},[18,124870,57916],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124873,124874],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[389,124876,124877,124886,124896,124906],{},[392,124878,230,124879,124881,124882,124885],{},[18,124880,57916],{}," when you need ",[76,124883,124884],{},"how many times"," something appears",[392,124887,230,124888,124881,124892,124895],{},[269,124889,124890],{"href":124752},[18,124891,124737],{},[76,124893,124894],{},"where"," it appears",[392,124897,48438,124898,124902,124903],{},[269,124899,124900,101988],{"href":123997},[18,124901,4498],{}," when you only need to know ",[76,124904,124905],{},"if it exists",[392,124907,230,124908,124914],{},[269,124909,124911],{"href":124910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124912,124913],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[81,124916,26566],{"id":26565},[14,124918,1261,124919,124921],{},[18,124920,57916],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[34,124923,124925],{"className":36,"code":124924,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124926,124927,124937,124951,124973,124999],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124928,124929,124931,124933,124935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124930,142],{"class":141},[43,124932,145],{"class":53},[43,124934,35337],{"class":148},[43,124936,346],{"class":53},[43,124938,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947,124949],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,124940,142],{"class":141},[43,124942,145],{"class":53},[43,124944,3832],{"class":3510},[43,124946,145],{"class":53},[43,124948,35337],{"class":148},[43,124950,2377],{"class":53},[43,124952,124953,124955,124957,124959,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,124954,142],{"class":141},[43,124956,145],{"class":53},[43,124958,35337],{"class":148},[43,124960,79],{"class":53},[43,124962,41885],{"class":148},[43,124964,145],{"class":53},[43,124966,265],{"class":264},[43,124968,269],{"class":268},[43,124970,265],{"class":264},[43,124972,2377],{"class":53},[43,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981,124983,124985,124987,124989,124991,124993,124995,124997],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,124976,142],{"class":141},[43,124978,145],{"class":53},[43,124980,35337],{"class":148},[43,124982,79],{"class":53},[43,124984,9259],{"class":148},[43,124986,9256],{"class":53},[43,124988,41885],{"class":148},[43,124990,145],{"class":53},[43,124992,265],{"class":264},[43,124994,269],{"class":268},[43,124996,265],{"class":264},[43,124998,2377],{"class":53},[43,125000,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125002,142],{"class":141},[43,125004,145],{"class":53},[43,125006,35337],{"class":148},[43,125008,79],{"class":53},[43,125010,41885],{"class":148},[43,125012,145],{"class":53},[43,125014,265],{"class":264},[43,125016,123835],{"class":268},[43,125018,265],{"class":264},[43,125020,2377],{"class":53},[14,125022,125023],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[389,125025,125026,125029,125034,125037],{},[392,125027,125028],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[392,125030,125031,125033],{},[18,125032,35337],{}," not being a string",[392,125035,125036],{},"counting the wrong substring",[392,125038,125039],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,125041,59488],{},[389,125043,125044,125047,125050,125053],{},[392,125045,125046],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[392,125048,125049],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[392,125051,125052],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[392,125054,51120,125055,45256,125057,3486,125059,73930],{},[18,125056,57916],{},[18,125058,124737],{},[18,125060,4498],{},[81,125062,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,125064,125066,125067,125069],{"id":125065},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,125068,57916],{}," change the original string?",[14,125071,125072],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1499,125074,15527,125076,125078],{"id":125075},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,125077,57916],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,125080,125081],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1499,125083,2476,125085,125087],{"id":125084},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,125086,57916],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,125089,5762,125090,79],{},[18,125091,1277],{},[1499,125093,5784,125095,125097],{"id":125094},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,125096,57916],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,125099,125100],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1499,125102,13328,125104,125106],{"id":125103},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,125105,57916],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,125108,125109],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[81,125111,2497],{"id":2496},[389,125113,125114,125121,125128,125135,125142],{},[392,125115,125116],{},[269,125117,125118],{"href":124752},[18,125119,125120],{},"Python string find() method",[392,125122,125123],{},[269,125124,125125],{"href":124762},[18,125126,125127],{},"Python string index() method",[392,125129,125130],{},[269,125131,125132],{"href":124469},[18,125133,125134],{},"Python string lower() method",[392,125136,125137],{},[269,125138,125139],{"href":123997},[18,125140,125141],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[392,125143,125144],{},[269,125145,125146],{"href":124910},[18,125147,125148],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2536,125150,125151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":125153},[125154,125155,125157,125160,125161,125162,125163,125166,125167,125175,125176,125177,125189],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":123863,"depth":131,"text":125156},"What the count() method does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":125158},[125159],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":124079,"depth":131,"text":124080},{"id":66030,"depth":131,"text":66813,"children":125164},[125165],{"id":124300,"depth":138,"text":124301},{"id":124388,"depth":131,"text":124389},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":125168},[125169,125171,125172,125174],{"id":124534,"depth":138,"text":125170},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124644,"depth":138,"text":124645},{"id":124732,"depth":138,"text":125173},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124768,"depth":138,"text":124769},{"id":58999,"depth":131,"text":59630},{"id":26565,"depth":131,"text":26566},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":125178},[125179,125181,125183,125185,125187],{"id":125065,"depth":138,"text":125180},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125075,"depth":138,"text":125182},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125084,"depth":138,"text":125184},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125094,"depth":138,"text":125186},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125103,"depth":138,"text":125188},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123736,"description":125190},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125197,"title":125198,"body":125199,"description":126784,"extension":2572,"meta":126785,"navigation":134,"path":126786,"seo":126787,"stem":126788,"__hash__":126789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125200,"toc":126757},[125201,125204,125207,125304,125313,125315,125334,125338,125341,125344,125357,125360,125389,125394,125399,125457,125459,125492,125498,125502,125505,125508,125537,125540,125567,125570,125573,125577,125580,125587,125650,125652,125670,125673,125677,125680,125683,125725,125728,125772,125775,125778,125782,125787,125790,125833,125835,125858,125861,125894,125897,125946,125956,125960,125963,125966,125995,125998,126009,126011,126070,126073,126077,126080,126083,126098,126107,126110,126144,126147,126174,126177,126184,126186,126189,126191,126194,126208,126217,126219,126246,126250,126253,126267,126270,126329,126333,126336,126363,126366,126393,126401,126404,126464,126466,126499,126503,126506,126525,126530,126579,126584,126586,126589,126648,126666,126668,126672,126680,126684,126687,126691,126697,126701,126711,126715,126718,126720,126754],[10,125202,125198],{"id":125203},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,125205,125206],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[34,125208,125210],{"className":36,"code":125209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,125211,125212,125224,125236,125245,125259,125263,125273,125283,125294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125213,125214,125216,125218,125220,125222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125215,8494],{"class":49},[43,125217,98],{"class":97},[43,125219,276],{"class":264},[43,125221,5619],{"class":268},[43,125223,3969],{"class":264},[43,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125227,90394],{"class":49},[43,125229,98],{"class":97},[43,125231,370],{"class":264},[43,125233,35496],{"class":268},[43,125235,30325],{"class":264},[43,125237,125238,125241,125243],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125239,125240],{"class":49},"empty ",[43,125242,98],{"class":97},[43,125244,8499],{"class":264},[43,125246,125247,125249,125251,125253,125255,125257],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125248,35316],{"class":49},[43,125250,98],{"class":97},[43,125252,49532],{"class":3510},[43,125254,145],{"class":53},[43,125256,50874],{"class":104},[43,125258,346],{"class":53},[43,125260,125261],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125262,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125264,125265,125267,125269,125271],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,125266,142],{"class":141},[43,125268,145],{"class":53},[43,125270,8286],{"class":148},[43,125272,346],{"class":53},[43,125274,125275,125277,125279,125281],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,125276,142],{"class":141},[43,125278,145],{"class":53},[43,125280,90411],{"class":148},[43,125282,346],{"class":53},[43,125284,125285,125287,125289,125292],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,125286,142],{"class":141},[43,125288,145],{"class":53},[43,125290,125291],{"class":148},"empty",[43,125293,346],{"class":53},[43,125295,125296,125298,125300,125302],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,125297,142],{"class":141},[43,125299,145],{"class":53},[43,125301,35337],{"class":148},[43,125303,346],{"class":53},[14,125305,125306,125309,125310,125312],{},[76,125307,125308],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,125311,48311],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[81,125314,15786],{"id":15785},[389,125316,125317,125320,125323,125326,125331],{},[392,125318,125319],{},"What a string is in Python",[392,125321,125322],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[392,125324,125325],{},"How to create an empty string",[392,125327,125328,125329],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,125330,48311],{},[392,125332,125333],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[81,125335,125337],{"id":125336},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125339,125340],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125342,125343],{},"Strings can contain:",[389,125345,125346,125349,125351,125354],{},[392,125347,125348],{},"Letters",[392,125350,57090],{},[392,125352,125353],{},"Spaces",[392,125355,125356],{},"Symbols",[14,125358,125359],{},"Examples of strings:",[34,125361,125363],{"className":36,"code":125362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,125364,125365,125373,125381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125366,125367,125369,125371],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125368,265],{"class":43954},[43,125370,4459],{"class":43958},[43,125372,3969],{"class":43954},[43,125374,125375,125377,125379],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125376,265],{"class":43954},[43,125378,50874],{"class":43958},[43,125380,3969],{"class":43954},[43,125382,125383,125385,125387],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125384,265],{"class":43954},[43,125386,89536],{"class":43958},[43,125388,3969],{"class":43954},[14,125390,21599,125391,125393],{},[18,125392,50924],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125395,125396,125397,59],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,125398,2909],{},[34,125400,125402],{"className":36,"code":125401,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,125403,125404,125416,125425,125429,125443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125405,125406,125408,125410,125412,125414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125407,35316],{"class":49},[43,125409,98],{"class":97},[43,125411,276],{"class":264},[43,125413,50874],{"class":268},[43,125415,3969],{"class":264},[43,125417,125418,125420,125422],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125419,2823],{"class":49},[43,125421,98],{"class":97},[43,125423,125424],{"class":104}," 123\n",[43,125426,125427],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125428,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125430,125431,125433,125435,125437,125439,125441],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125432,142],{"class":141},[43,125434,145],{"class":53},[43,125436,3832],{"class":3510},[43,125438,145],{"class":53},[43,125440,35337],{"class":148},[43,125442,2377],{"class":53},[43,125444,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125446,142],{"class":141},[43,125448,145],{"class":53},[43,125450,3832],{"class":3510},[43,125452,145],{"class":53},[43,125454,2846],{"class":148},[43,125456,2377],{"class":53},[14,125458,349],{},[34,125460,125462],{"className":36,"code":125461,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125463,125464,125478],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125465,125466,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125467,3901],{"class":97},[43,125469,3904],{"class":2671},[43,125471,370],{"class":264},[43,125473,4054],{"class":268},[43,125475,361],{"class":264},[43,125477,3913],{"class":97},[43,125479,125480,125482,125484,125486,125488,125490],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125481,3901],{"class":97},[43,125483,3904],{"class":2671},[43,125485,370],{"class":264},[43,125487,2795],{"class":268},[43,125489,361],{"class":264},[43,125491,3913],{"class":97},[14,125493,125494,125495,79],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[269,125496,125497],{"href":51603},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[81,125499,125501],{"id":125500},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125503,125504],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125506,125507],{},"You can use single quotes:",[34,125509,125511],{"className":36,"code":125510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125512,125513,125526],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125514,125515,125518,125520,125522,125524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125516,125517],{"class":49},"greeting ",[43,125519,98],{"class":97},[43,125521,370],{"class":264},[43,125523,4459],{"class":268},[43,125525,30325],{"class":264},[43,125527,125528,125530,125532,125535],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125529,142],{"class":141},[43,125531,145],{"class":53},[43,125533,125534],{"class":148},"greeting",[43,125536,346],{"class":53},[14,125538,125539],{},"Or double quotes:",[34,125541,125543],{"className":36,"code":125542,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125544,125545,125557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125546,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125548,125517],{"class":49},[43,125550,98],{"class":97},[43,125552,276],{"class":264},[43,125554,4459],{"class":268},[43,125556,3969],{"class":264},[43,125558,125559,125561,125563,125565],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125560,142],{"class":141},[43,125562,145],{"class":53},[43,125564,125534],{"class":148},[43,125566,346],{"class":53},[14,125568,125569],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125571,125572],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[81,125574,125576],{"id":125575},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125578,125579],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125581,125582,125583,3486,125585,59],{},"Use either ",[18,125584,6887],{},[18,125586,4386],{},[34,125588,125590],{"className":36,"code":125589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125591,125592,125601,125610,125614,125625,125636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125593,125594,125597,125599],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125595,125596],{"class":49},"empty1 ",[43,125598,98],{"class":97},[43,125600,8499],{"class":264},[43,125602,125603,125606,125608],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125604,125605],{"class":49},"empty2 ",[43,125607,98],{"class":97},[43,125609,48123],{"class":264},[43,125611,125612],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125613,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125615,125616,125618,125620,125623],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125617,142],{"class":141},[43,125619,145],{"class":53},[43,125621,125622],{"class":148},"empty1",[43,125624,346],{"class":53},[43,125626,125627,125629,125631,125634],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125628,142],{"class":141},[43,125630,145],{"class":53},[43,125632,125633],{"class":148},"empty2",[43,125635,346],{"class":53},[43,125637,125638,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,125639,142],{"class":141},[43,125641,145],{"class":53},[43,125643,3832],{"class":3510},[43,125645,145],{"class":53},[43,125647,125622],{"class":148},[43,125649,2377],{"class":53},[14,125651,349],{},[34,125653,125654],{"className":36,"code":46397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,125655,125656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125657,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666,125668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125659,3901],{"class":97},[43,125661,3904],{"class":2671},[43,125663,370],{"class":264},[43,125665,4054],{"class":268},[43,125667,361],{"class":264},[43,125669,3913],{"class":97},[14,125671,125672],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[81,125674,125676],{"id":125675},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125678,125679],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125681,125682],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[34,125684,125686],{"className":36,"code":125685,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125687,125688,125699,125704,125711,125715],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125689,125690,125692,125694,125697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125691,90394],{"class":49},[43,125693,98],{"class":97},[43,125695,125696],{"class":264}," \"\"\"",[43,125698,89336],{"class":268},[43,125700,125701],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125702,125703],{"class":268},"Welcome to Python\n",[43,125705,125706,125709],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125707,125708],{"class":268},"Have a nice day",[43,125710,43962],{"class":264},[43,125712,125713],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125714,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125716,125717,125719,125721,125723],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125718,142],{"class":141},[43,125720,145],{"class":53},[43,125722,90411],{"class":148},[43,125724,346],{"class":53},[14,125726,125727],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[34,125729,125731],{"className":36,"code":125730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125732,125733,125745,125750,125758,125762],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125734,125735,125737,125739,125742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125736,90394],{"class":49},[43,125738,98],{"class":97},[43,125740,125741],{"class":264}," '''",[43,125743,125744],{"class":268},"Line 1\n",[43,125746,125747],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125748,125749],{"class":268},"Line 2\n",[43,125751,125752,125755],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125753,125754],{"class":268},"Line 3",[43,125756,125757],{"class":264},"'''\n",[43,125759,125760],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125761,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125763,125764,125766,125768,125770],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,125765,142],{"class":141},[43,125767,145],{"class":53},[43,125769,90411],{"class":148},[43,125771,346],{"class":53},[14,125773,125774],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125776,125777],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[81,125779,125781],{"id":125780},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125783,1242,125784,125786],{},[18,125785,48311],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125788,125789],{},"Example with a number:",[34,125791,125793],{"className":36,"code":125792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125794,125795,125809,125819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125796,125797,125799,125801,125803,125805,125807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125798,35316],{"class":49},[43,125800,98],{"class":97},[43,125802,49532],{"class":3510},[43,125804,145],{"class":53},[43,125806,47153],{"class":104},[43,125808,346],{"class":53},[43,125810,125811,125813,125815,125817],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125812,142],{"class":141},[43,125814,145],{"class":53},[43,125816,35337],{"class":148},[43,125818,346],{"class":53},[43,125820,125821,125823,125825,125827,125829,125831],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125822,142],{"class":141},[43,125824,145],{"class":53},[43,125826,3832],{"class":3510},[43,125828,145],{"class":53},[43,125830,35337],{"class":148},[43,125832,2377],{"class":53},[14,125834,349],{},[34,125836,125838],{"className":36,"code":125837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125839,125840,125844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125841,125842],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125843,47239],{"class":104},[43,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125847,3901],{"class":97},[43,125849,3904],{"class":2671},[43,125851,370],{"class":264},[43,125853,4054],{"class":268},[43,125855,361],{"class":264},[43,125857,3913],{"class":97},[14,125859,125860],{},"You can also convert other values:",[34,125862,125864],{"className":36,"code":125863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125865,125866,125880],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125867,125868,125870,125872,125874,125876,125878],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125869,142],{"class":141},[43,125871,145],{"class":53},[43,125873,4054],{"class":3510},[43,125875,145],{"class":53},[43,125877,4216],{"class":4466},[43,125879,2377],{"class":53},[43,125881,125882,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125883,142],{"class":141},[43,125885,145],{"class":53},[43,125887,4054],{"class":3510},[43,125889,145],{"class":53},[43,125891,40770],{"class":104},[43,125893,2377],{"class":53},[14,125895,125896],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[34,125898,125900],{"className":36,"code":125899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125901,125902,125910,125932,125936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125903,125904,125906,125908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125905,22250],{"class":49},[43,125907,98],{"class":97},[43,125909,45852],{"class":104},[43,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125913,90394],{"class":49},[43,125915,98],{"class":97},[43,125917,276],{"class":264},[43,125919,89812],{"class":268},[43,125921,265],{"class":264},[43,125923,3061],{"class":97},[43,125925,49532],{"class":3510},[43,125927,145],{"class":53},[43,125929,9918],{"class":148},[43,125931,346],{"class":53},[43,125933,125934],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,125935,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,125937,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,125939,142],{"class":141},[43,125941,145],{"class":53},[43,125943,90411],{"class":148},[43,125945,346],{"class":53},[14,125947,125948,125949,3486,125953,79],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[269,125950,4187,125951,4120],{"href":42801},[18,125952,48311],{},[269,125954,125955],{"href":123667},"how to convert int to string in Python",[81,125957,125959],{"id":125958},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125961,125962],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125964,125965],{},"Both of these are valid:",[34,125967,125969],{"className":36,"code":125968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125970,125971,125983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979,125981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125974,3161],{"class":49},[43,125976,98],{"class":97},[43,125978,370],{"class":264},[43,125980,7914],{"class":268},[43,125982,30325],{"class":264},[43,125984,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,125986,3189],{"class":49},[43,125988,98],{"class":97},[43,125990,276],{"class":264},[43,125992,7914],{"class":268},[43,125994,3969],{"class":264},[14,125996,125997],{},"A common rule is:",[389,125999,126000,126003,126006],{},[392,126001,126002],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[392,126004,126005],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[392,126007,126008],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,126010,494],{},[34,126012,126014],{"className":36,"code":126013,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,126015,126016,126030,126044,126048,126059],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126017,126018,126021,126023,126025,126028],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126019,126020],{"class":49},"text1 ",[43,126022,98],{"class":97},[43,126024,276],{"class":264},[43,126026,126027],{"class":268},"It's working",[43,126029,3969],{"class":264},[43,126031,126032,126035,126037,126039,126042],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126033,126034],{"class":49},"text2 ",[43,126036,98],{"class":97},[43,126038,370],{"class":264},[43,126040,126041],{"class":268},"She said \"hello\"",[43,126043,30325],{"class":264},[43,126045,126046],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126047,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126049,126050,126052,126054,126057],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126051,142],{"class":141},[43,126053,145],{"class":53},[43,126055,126056],{"class":148},"text1",[43,126058,346],{"class":53},[43,126060,126061,126063,126065,126068],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,126062,142],{"class":141},[43,126064,145],{"class":53},[43,126066,126067],{"class":148},"text2",[43,126069,346],{"class":53},[14,126071,126072],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[81,126074,126076],{"id":126075},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,126078,126079],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,126081,126082],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[34,126084,126086],{"className":36,"code":126085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,126087,126088,126093],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126089,126090],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126091,126092],{"class":165},"# This will cause an error\n",[43,126094,126095],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126096,126097],{"class":165},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,126099,126100,126101,35959,126103,126106],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,126102,361],{},[18,126104,126105],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,126108,126109],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[34,126111,126113],{"className":36,"code":126112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,126114,126115,126134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126116,126117,126119,126121,126123,126126,126129,126132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126118,35316],{"class":49},[43,126120,98],{"class":97},[43,126122,370],{"class":264},[43,126124,126125],{"class":268},"It",[43,126127,126128],{"class":35081},"\\'",[43,126130,126131],{"class":268},"s working",[43,126133,30325],{"class":264},[43,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126137,142],{"class":141},[43,126139,145],{"class":53},[43,126141,35337],{"class":148},[43,126143,346],{"class":53},[14,126145,126146],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[34,126148,126150],{"className":36,"code":126149,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126151,126152,126164],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126153,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126155,35316],{"class":49},[43,126157,98],{"class":97},[43,126159,276],{"class":264},[43,126161,126027],{"class":268},[43,126163,3969],{"class":264},[43,126165,126166,126168,126170,126172],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126167,142],{"class":141},[43,126169,145],{"class":53},[43,126171,35337],{"class":148},[43,126173,346],{"class":53},[14,126175,126176],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,126178,126179,126180,79],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[269,126181,126183],{"href":126182},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[81,126185,3438],{"id":3437},[14,126187,126188],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1499,126190,90601],{"id":90600},[14,126192,126193],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[34,126195,126197],{"className":36,"code":126196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,126198,126199,126203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126200,126201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126202,126092],{"class":165},[43,126204,126205],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126206,126207],{"class":165},"# name = Alice\n",[14,126209,126210,126211,9220,126214,126216],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,126212,126213],{},"NameError",[18,126215,5619],{}," is not defined.",[14,126218,11428],{},[34,126220,126222],{"className":36,"code":126221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,126223,126224,126236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126225,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126227,8494],{"class":49},[43,126229,98],{"class":97},[43,126231,276],{"class":264},[43,126233,5619],{"class":268},[43,126235,3969],{"class":264},[43,126237,126238,126240,126242,126244],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126239,142],{"class":141},[43,126241,145],{"class":53},[43,126243,8286],{"class":148},[43,126245,346],{"class":53},[1499,126247,126249],{"id":126248},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,126251,126252],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[34,126254,126256],{"className":36,"code":126255,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,126257,126258,126262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126259,126260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126261,126092],{"class":165},[43,126263,126264],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126265,126266],{"class":165},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,126268,126269],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[34,126271,126273],{"className":36,"code":126272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,126274,126275,126292,126305,126309,126319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126276,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287,126290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126278,126020],{"class":49},[43,126280,98],{"class":97},[43,126282,370],{"class":264},[43,126284,126125],{"class":268},[43,126286,126128],{"class":35081},[43,126288,126289],{"class":268},"s good",[43,126291,30325],{"class":264},[43,126293,126294,126296,126298,126300,126303],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126295,126034],{"class":49},[43,126297,98],{"class":97},[43,126299,276],{"class":264},[43,126301,126302],{"class":268},"It's good",[43,126304,3969],{"class":264},[43,126306,126307],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126308,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126310,126311,126313,126315,126317],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126312,142],{"class":141},[43,126314,145],{"class":53},[43,126316,126056],{"class":148},[43,126318,346],{"class":53},[43,126320,126321,126323,126325,126327],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,126322,142],{"class":141},[43,126324,145],{"class":53},[43,126326,126067],{"class":148},[43,126328,346],{"class":53},[1499,126330,126332],{"id":126331},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126334,126335],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[34,126337,126339],{"className":36,"code":126338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126340,126341,126353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126342,126343,126345,126347,126349,126351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126344,35316],{"class":49},[43,126346,98],{"class":97},[43,126348,125696],{"class":264},[43,126350,4459],{"class":268},[43,126352,43962],{"class":264},[43,126354,126355,126357,126359,126361],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126356,142],{"class":141},[43,126358,145],{"class":53},[43,126360,35337],{"class":148},[43,126362,346],{"class":53},[14,126364,126365],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[34,126367,126369],{"className":36,"code":126368,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126370,126371,126383],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126372,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126374,35316],{"class":49},[43,126376,98],{"class":97},[43,126378,276],{"class":264},[43,126380,4459],{"class":268},[43,126382,3969],{"class":264},[43,126384,126385,126387,126389,126391],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126386,142],{"class":141},[43,126388,145],{"class":53},[43,126390,35337],{"class":148},[43,126392,346],{"class":53},[1499,126394,5195,126396,1233,126398,126400],{"id":126395},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,126397,50874],{},[18,126399,50924],{}," are the same type",[14,126402,126403],{},"They are different:",[34,126405,126407],{"className":36,"code":126406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,126408,126409,126418,126431,126435,126449],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126410,126411,126414,126416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126412,126413],{"class":49},"value1 ",[43,126415,98],{"class":97},[43,126417,125424],{"class":104},[43,126419,126420,126423,126425,126427,126429],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126421,126422],{"class":49},"value2 ",[43,126424,98],{"class":97},[43,126426,276],{"class":264},[43,126428,50874],{"class":268},[43,126430,3969],{"class":264},[43,126432,126433],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126434,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126436,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126438,142],{"class":141},[43,126440,145],{"class":53},[43,126442,3832],{"class":3510},[43,126444,145],{"class":53},[43,126446,85157],{"class":148},[43,126448,2377],{"class":53},[43,126450,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126462],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,126452,142],{"class":141},[43,126454,145],{"class":53},[43,126456,3832],{"class":3510},[43,126458,145],{"class":53},[43,126460,126461],{"class":148},"value2",[43,126463,2377],{"class":53},[14,126465,349],{},[34,126467,126469],{"className":36,"code":126468,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126470,126471,126485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126472,126473,126475,126477,126479,126481,126483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126474,3901],{"class":97},[43,126476,3904],{"class":2671},[43,126478,370],{"class":264},[43,126480,2795],{"class":268},[43,126482,361],{"class":264},[43,126484,3913],{"class":97},[43,126486,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126488,3901],{"class":97},[43,126490,3904],{"class":2671},[43,126492,370],{"class":264},[43,126494,4054],{"class":268},[43,126496,361],{"class":264},[43,126498,3913],{"class":97},[1499,126500,126502],{"id":126501},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126504,126505],{},"This causes a type error:",[34,126507,126509],{"className":36,"code":126508,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126510,126511,126515,126520],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126512,126513],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126514,126092],{"class":165},[43,126516,126517],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126518,126519],{"class":165},"# age = 10\n",[43,126521,126522],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126523,126524],{"class":165},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126526,126527,126528,59],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126529,48311],{},[34,126531,126533],{"className":36,"code":126532,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126534,126535,126543,126565,126569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126536,126537,126539,126541],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126538,22250],{"class":49},[43,126540,98],{"class":97},[43,126542,3194],{"class":104},[43,126544,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557,126559,126561,126563],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126546,90394],{"class":49},[43,126548,98],{"class":97},[43,126550,276],{"class":264},[43,126552,89812],{"class":268},[43,126554,265],{"class":264},[43,126556,3061],{"class":97},[43,126558,49532],{"class":3510},[43,126560,145],{"class":53},[43,126562,9918],{"class":148},[43,126564,346],{"class":53},[43,126566,126567],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126570,126571,126573,126575,126577],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126572,142],{"class":141},[43,126574,145],{"class":53},[43,126576,90411],{"class":148},[43,126578,346],{"class":53},[14,126580,126581,126582,79],{},"For this specific error, see ",[269,126583,90793],{"href":90792},[1499,126585,61335],{"id":61334},[14,126587,126588],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[34,126590,126592],{"className":36,"code":126591,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126593,126594,126606,126610,126620,126634],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126597,35316],{"class":49},[43,126599,98],{"class":97},[43,126601,276],{"class":264},[43,126603,4459],{"class":268},[43,126605,3969],{"class":264},[43,126607,126608],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126609,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126611,126612,126614,126616,126618],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126613,142],{"class":141},[43,126615,145],{"class":53},[43,126617,35337],{"class":148},[43,126619,346],{"class":53},[43,126621,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126623,142],{"class":141},[43,126625,145],{"class":53},[43,126627,3832],{"class":3510},[43,126629,145],{"class":53},[43,126631,35337],{"class":148},[43,126633,2377],{"class":53},[43,126635,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,126637,142],{"class":141},[43,126639,145],{"class":53},[43,126641,42405],{"class":141},[43,126643,145],{"class":53},[43,126645,35337],{"class":148},[43,126647,2377],{"class":53},[389,126649,126650,126655,126660],{},[392,126651,126652,46905],{},[18,126653,126654],{},"print(text)",[392,126656,126657,46910],{},[18,126658,126659],{},"print(type(text))",[392,126661,126662,126665],{},[18,126663,126664],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[81,126667,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,126669,126671],{"id":126670},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126673,126674,126675,3486,126678,79],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126676,126677],{},"'hello'",[18,126679,65160],{},[1499,126681,126683],{"id":126682},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126685,126686],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1499,126688,126690],{"id":126689},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126692,230,126693,3486,126695,79],{},[18,126694,6887],{},[18,126696,4386],{},[1499,126698,126700],{"id":126699},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126702,230,126703,126705,126706,126708,126709,79],{},[18,126704,48311],{},", like ",[18,126707,80767],{},", which returns ",[18,126710,42752],{},[1499,126712,126714],{"id":126713},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126716,126717],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[81,126719,2497],{"id":2496},[389,126721,126722,126726,126732,126737,126746,126750],{},[392,126723,126724],{},[269,126725,125497],{"href":51603},[392,126727,126728],{},[269,126729,4187,126730,4120],{"href":42801},[18,126731,48311],{},[392,126733,126734],{},[269,126735,126736],{"href":123667},"How to convert int to string in Python",[392,126738,126739],{},[269,126740,126742,126743,11361],{"href":126741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126744,126745],{},"format()",[392,126747,126748],{},[269,126749,126183],{"href":126182},[392,126751,126752],{},[269,126753,90793],{"href":90792},[2536,126755,126756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":126758},[126759,126760,126761,126762,126763,126764,126765,126766,126767,126776,126783],{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":125336,"depth":131,"text":125337},{"id":125500,"depth":131,"text":125501},{"id":125575,"depth":131,"text":125576},{"id":125675,"depth":131,"text":125676},{"id":125780,"depth":131,"text":125781},{"id":125958,"depth":131,"text":125959},{"id":126075,"depth":131,"text":126076},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":126768},[126769,126770,126771,126772,126774,126775],{"id":90600,"depth":138,"text":90601},{"id":126248,"depth":138,"text":126249},{"id":126331,"depth":138,"text":126332},{"id":126395,"depth":138,"text":126773},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126501,"depth":138,"text":126502},{"id":61334,"depth":138,"text":61335},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":126777},[126778,126779,126780,126781,126782],{"id":126670,"depth":138,"text":126671},{"id":126682,"depth":138,"text":126683},{"id":126689,"depth":138,"text":126690},{"id":126699,"depth":138,"text":126700},{"id":126713,"depth":138,"text":126714},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125198,"description":126784},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126791,"title":126792,"body":126793,"description":128707,"extension":2572,"meta":128708,"navigation":134,"path":128709,"seo":128710,"stem":128711,"__hash__":128712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126794,"toc":128668},[126795,126801,126806,126814,126816,126883,126885,126897,126906,126911,126915,126932,126934,126999,127001,127013,127018,127020,127048,127069,127072,127111,127113,127121,127125,127129,127133,127141,127144,127185,127187,127195,127198,127255,127257,127265,127269,127274,127318,127320,127328,127337,127341,127346,127394,127396,127404,127410,127412,127416,127428,127433,127512,127514,127534,127538,127542,127582,127584,127592,127596,127639,127641,127649,127653,127693,127695,127703,127707,127763,127765,127773,127779,127781,127785,127795,127862,127864,127877,127884,127927,127929,127937,127941,127944,128000,128002,128010,128013,128015,128092,128094,128102,128111,128113,128117,128121,128123,128145,128148,128195,128199,128238,128240,128248,128250,128292,128299,128304,128366,128368,128380,128386,128391,128440,128442,128461,128467,128469,128488,128490,128581,128583,128589,128596,128602,128608,128613,128622,128629,128637,128639,128665],[10,126796,123742,126798,11943],{"id":126797},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126799,126800],{},"endswith()",[14,126802,123747,126803,126805],{},[18,126804,126800],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126807,126808,126809,3486,126811,126813],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126810,4216],{},[18,126812,4285],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[81,126815,84],{"id":83},[34,126817,126819],{"className":36,"code":126818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126820,126821,126835,126860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126822,126823,126826,126828,126830,126833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126824,126825],{"class":49},"filename ",[43,126827,98],{"class":97},[43,126829,276],{"class":264},[43,126831,126832],{"class":268},"report.csv",[43,126834,3969],{"class":264},[43,126836,126837,126839,126841,126844,126846,126849,126851,126853,126856,126858],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126838,142],{"class":141},[43,126840,145],{"class":53},[43,126842,126843],{"class":148},"filename",[43,126845,79],{"class":53},[43,126847,126848],{"class":148},"endswith",[43,126850,145],{"class":53},[43,126852,265],{"class":264},[43,126854,126855],{"class":268},".csv",[43,126857,265],{"class":264},[43,126859,2377],{"class":53},[43,126861,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876,126879,126881],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126863,142],{"class":141},[43,126865,145],{"class":53},[43,126867,126843],{"class":148},[43,126869,79],{"class":53},[43,126871,126848],{"class":148},[43,126873,145],{"class":53},[43,126875,265],{"class":264},[43,126877,126878],{"class":268},".txt",[43,126880,265],{"class":264},[43,126882,2377],{"class":53},[14,126884,349],{},[34,126886,126887],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126888,126889,126893],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126890,126891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126892,4594],{"class":4466},[43,126894,126895],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126896,4655],{"class":4466},[14,126898,230,126899,5985,126901,3486,126903,126905],{},[18,126900,126800],{},[18,126902,4216],{},[18,126904,4285],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[81,126907,4289,126909,4292],{"id":126908},"what-endswith-does",[18,126910,126800],{},[14,126912,126913,59],{},[18,126914,126800],{},[389,126916,126917,126920,126926,126929],{},[392,126918,126919],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[392,126921,12045,126922,3486,126924],{},[18,126923,4216],{},[18,126925,4285],{},[392,126927,126928],{},"Does not change the original string",[392,126930,126931],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126933,494],{},[34,126935,126937],{"className":36,"code":126936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126938,126939,126951,126955,126977],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126940,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126942,35316],{"class":49},[43,126944,98],{"class":97},[43,126946,276],{"class":264},[43,126948,61033],{"class":268},[43,126950,3969],{"class":264},[43,126952,126953],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,126954,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,126956,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,126958,142],{"class":141},[43,126960,145],{"class":53},[43,126962,35337],{"class":148},[43,126964,79],{"class":53},[43,126966,126848],{"class":148},[43,126968,145],{"class":53},[43,126970,265],{"class":264},[43,126972,61217],{"class":268},[43,126974,265],{"class":264},[43,126976,2377],{"class":53},[43,126978,126979,126981,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,126980,142],{"class":141},[43,126982,145],{"class":53},[43,126984,35337],{"class":148},[43,126986,79],{"class":53},[43,126988,126848],{"class":148},[43,126990,145],{"class":53},[43,126992,265],{"class":264},[43,126994,4459],{"class":268},[43,126996,265],{"class":264},[43,126998,2377],{"class":53},[14,127000,349],{},[34,127002,127003],{"className":36,"code":44800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127004,127005,127009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127006,127007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127008,4594],{"class":4466},[43,127010,127011],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127012,4655],{"class":4466},[14,127014,127015,127016,79],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[269,127017,125497],{"href":51603},[81,127019,2763],{"id":2762},[34,127021,127023],{"className":36,"code":127022,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,127024,127025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127026,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127028,61799],{"class":49},[43,127030,79],{"class":53},[43,127032,126848],{"class":148},[43,127034,145],{"class":53},[43,127036,127037],{"class":148},"suffix",[43,127039,108],{"class":53},[43,127041,36682],{"class":148},[43,127043,108],{"class":53},[43,127045,65666],{"class":148},[43,127047,346],{"class":53},[389,127049,127050,127055,127062],{},[392,127051,127052,127054],{},[18,127053,127037],{}," is required",[392,127056,127057,1233,127059,127061],{},[18,127058,20],{},[18,127060,53288],{}," are optional",[392,127063,127064,1233,127066,127068],{},[18,127065,20],{},[18,127067,53288],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,127070,127071],{},"Basic example:",[34,127073,127075],{"className":36,"code":127074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,127076,127077,127089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127078,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127080,126825],{"class":49},[43,127082,98],{"class":97},[43,127084,276],{"class":264},[43,127086,87282],{"class":268},[43,127088,3969],{"class":264},[43,127090,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127092,142],{"class":141},[43,127094,145],{"class":53},[43,127096,126843],{"class":148},[43,127098,79],{"class":53},[43,127100,126848],{"class":148},[43,127102,145],{"class":53},[43,127104,265],{"class":264},[43,127106,126878],{"class":268},[43,127108,265],{"class":264},[43,127110,2377],{"class":53},[14,127112,349],{},[34,127114,127115],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127116,127117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127118,127119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127120,4594],{"class":4466},[81,127122,127124],{"id":127123},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1499,127126,127127],{"id":127037},[18,127128,127037],{},[14,127130,127131,31376],{},[18,127132,127037],{},[389,127134,127135,127138],{},[392,127136,127137],{},"A single string",[392,127139,127140],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,127142,127143],{},"Single suffix:",[34,127145,127147],{"className":36,"code":127146,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,127148,127149,127162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127150,127151,127153,127155,127157,127160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127152,8494],{"class":49},[43,127154,98],{"class":97},[43,127156,276],{"class":264},[43,127158,127159],{"class":268},"image.png",[43,127161,3969],{"class":264},[43,127163,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127181,127183],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127165,142],{"class":141},[43,127167,145],{"class":53},[43,127169,8286],{"class":148},[43,127171,79],{"class":53},[43,127173,126848],{"class":148},[43,127175,145],{"class":53},[43,127177,265],{"class":264},[43,127179,127180],{"class":268},".png",[43,127182,265],{"class":264},[43,127184,2377],{"class":53},[14,127186,349],{},[34,127188,127189],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127190,127191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127192,127193],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127194,4594],{"class":4466},[14,127196,127197],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[34,127199,127201],{"className":36,"code":127200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127202,127203,127215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127204,127205,127207,127209,127211,127213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127206,8494],{"class":49},[43,127208,98],{"class":97},[43,127210,276],{"class":264},[43,127212,127159],{"class":268},[43,127214,3969],{"class":264},[43,127216,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127251,127253],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127218,142],{"class":141},[43,127220,145],{"class":53},[43,127222,8286],{"class":148},[43,127224,79],{"class":53},[43,127226,126848],{"class":148},[43,127228,6126],{"class":53},[43,127230,265],{"class":264},[43,127232,127233],{"class":268},".jpg",[43,127235,265],{"class":264},[43,127237,108],{"class":53},[43,127239,276],{"class":264},[43,127241,127180],{"class":268},[43,127243,265],{"class":264},[43,127245,108],{"class":53},[43,127247,276],{"class":264},[43,127249,127250],{"class":268},".gif",[43,127252,265],{"class":264},[43,127254,3521],{"class":53},[14,127256,349],{},[34,127258,127259],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127260,127261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127262,127263],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127264,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,127266,127267],{"id":20},[18,127268,20],{},[14,127270,127271,127273],{},[18,127272,20],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[34,127275,127277],{"className":36,"code":127276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,127278,127279,127292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127280,127281,127283,127285,127287,127290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127282,35316],{"class":49},[43,127284,98],{"class":97},[43,127286,276],{"class":264},[43,127288,127289],{"class":268},"my_report.csv",[43,127291,3969],{"class":264},[43,127293,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127295,142],{"class":141},[43,127297,145],{"class":53},[43,127299,35337],{"class":148},[43,127301,79],{"class":53},[43,127303,126848],{"class":148},[43,127305,145],{"class":53},[43,127307,265],{"class":264},[43,127309,126855],{"class":268},[43,127311,265],{"class":264},[43,127313,108],{"class":53},[43,127315,1530],{"class":104},[43,127317,2377],{"class":53},[14,127319,349],{},[34,127321,127322],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127323,127324],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127325,127326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127327,4594],{"class":4466},[14,127329,127330,127331,127333,127334,79],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,127332,181],{}," onward, which is ",[18,127335,127336],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1499,127338,127339],{"id":53288},[18,127340,53288],{},[14,127342,127343,127345],{},[18,127344,53288],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[34,127347,127349],{"className":36,"code":127348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,127350,127351,127364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127352,127353,127355,127357,127359,127362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127354,35316],{"class":49},[43,127356,98],{"class":97},[43,127358,276],{"class":264},[43,127360,127361],{"class":268},"report.csv backup",[43,127363,3969],{"class":264},[43,127365,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127390,127392],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127367,142],{"class":141},[43,127369,145],{"class":53},[43,127371,35337],{"class":148},[43,127373,79],{"class":53},[43,127375,126848],{"class":148},[43,127377,145],{"class":53},[43,127379,265],{"class":264},[43,127381,126855],{"class":268},[43,127383,265],{"class":264},[43,127385,108],{"class":53},[43,127387,4447],{"class":104},[43,127389,108],{"class":53},[43,127391,977],{"class":104},[43,127393,2377],{"class":53},[14,127395,349],{},[34,127397,127398],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127399,127400],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127401,127402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127403,4594],{"class":4466},[14,127405,127406,127407,127409],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,127408,127336],{}," and ignores the rest.",[81,127411,18040],{"id":18039},[14,127413,127414,26132],{},[18,127415,126800],{},[389,127417,127418,127423],{},[392,127419,127420,127422],{},[18,127421,4216],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[392,127424,127425,127427],{},[18,127426,4285],{}," if it does not",[14,127429,127430,127431,7789],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,127432,7614],{},[34,127434,127436],{"className":36,"code":127435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,127437,127438,127451,127455,127476,127491,127497],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127441,126825],{"class":49},[43,127443,98],{"class":97},[43,127445,276],{"class":264},[43,127447,127448],{"class":268},"data.csv",[43,127450,3969],{"class":264},[43,127452,127453],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127454,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,127456,127457,127459,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,127458,7614],{"class":4491},[43,127460,127461],{"class":49}," filename",[43,127463,79],{"class":53},[43,127465,126848],{"class":148},[43,127467,145],{"class":53},[43,127469,265],{"class":264},[43,127471,126855],{"class":268},[43,127473,265],{"class":264},[43,127475,8960],{"class":53},[43,127477,127478,127480,127482,127484,127487,127489],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,127479,8687],{"class":141},[43,127481,145],{"class":53},[43,127483,265],{"class":264},[43,127485,127486],{"class":268},"This is a CSV file.",[43,127488,265],{"class":264},[43,127490,346],{"class":53},[43,127492,127493,127495],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,127494,28058],{"class":4491},[43,127496,7009],{"class":53},[43,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127508,127510],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,127500,8687],{"class":141},[43,127502,145],{"class":53},[43,127504,265],{"class":264},[43,127506,127507],{"class":268},"This is not a CSV file.",[43,127509,265],{"class":264},[43,127511,346],{"class":53},[14,127513,349],{},[34,127515,127517],{"className":36,"code":127516,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127518,127519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127520,127521,127523,127525,127527,127530,127532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127522,50507],{"class":49},[43,127524,12817],{"class":97},[43,127526,45171],{"class":49},[43,127528,127529],{"class":35081},"CSV",[43,127531,87023],{"class":87022},[43,127533,122774],{"class":53},[81,127535,127537],{"id":127536},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1499,127539,127541],{"id":127540},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[34,127543,127545],{"className":36,"code":127544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127546,127547,127560],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127548,127549,127551,127553,127555,127558],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127550,126825],{"class":49},[43,127552,98],{"class":97},[43,127554,276],{"class":264},[43,127556,127557],{"class":268},"sales.csv",[43,127559,3969],{"class":264},[43,127561,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127563,142],{"class":141},[43,127565,145],{"class":53},[43,127567,126843],{"class":148},[43,127569,79],{"class":53},[43,127571,126848],{"class":148},[43,127573,145],{"class":53},[43,127575,265],{"class":264},[43,127577,126855],{"class":268},[43,127579,265],{"class":264},[43,127581,2377],{"class":53},[14,127583,349],{},[34,127585,127586],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127587,127588],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127589,127590],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127591,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,127593,127595],{"id":127594},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[34,127597,127599],{"className":36,"code":127598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127600,127601,127615],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127602,127603,127606,127608,127610,127613],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127604,127605],{"class":49},"url ",[43,127607,98],{"class":97},[43,127609,276],{"class":264},[43,127611,127612],{"class":268},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[43,127614,3969],{"class":264},[43,127616,127617,127619,127621,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127635,127637],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127618,142],{"class":141},[43,127620,145],{"class":53},[43,127622,127623],{"class":148},"url",[43,127625,79],{"class":53},[43,127627,126848],{"class":148},[43,127629,145],{"class":53},[43,127631,265],{"class":264},[43,127633,127634],{"class":268},"\u002F",[43,127636,265],{"class":264},[43,127638,2377],{"class":53},[14,127640,349],{},[34,127642,127643],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127644,127645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127646,127647],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127648,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,127650,127652],{"id":127651},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[34,127654,127656],{"className":36,"code":127655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127657,127658,127671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127659,127660,127662,127664,127666,127669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127661,90394],{"class":49},[43,127663,98],{"class":97},[43,127665,276],{"class":264},[43,127667,127668],{"class":268},"Hello!",[43,127670,3969],{"class":264},[43,127672,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127674,142],{"class":141},[43,127676,145],{"class":53},[43,127678,90411],{"class":148},[43,127680,79],{"class":53},[43,127682,126848],{"class":148},[43,127684,145],{"class":53},[43,127686,265],{"class":264},[43,127688,90235],{"class":268},[43,127690,265],{"class":264},[43,127692,2377],{"class":53},[14,127694,349],{},[34,127696,127697],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127698,127699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127700,127701],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127702,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,127704,127706],{"id":127705},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[34,127708,127710],{"className":36,"code":127709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127711,127712,127725],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127713,127714,127716,127718,127720,127723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127715,126825],{"class":49},[43,127717,98],{"class":97},[43,127719,276],{"class":264},[43,127721,127722],{"class":268},"photo.jpg",[43,127724,3969],{"class":264},[43,127726,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127728,142],{"class":141},[43,127730,145],{"class":53},[43,127732,126843],{"class":148},[43,127734,79],{"class":53},[43,127736,126848],{"class":148},[43,127738,6126],{"class":53},[43,127740,265],{"class":264},[43,127742,127233],{"class":268},[43,127744,265],{"class":264},[43,127746,108],{"class":53},[43,127748,276],{"class":264},[43,127750,127180],{"class":268},[43,127752,265],{"class":264},[43,127754,108],{"class":53},[43,127756,276],{"class":264},[43,127758,127250],{"class":268},[43,127760,265],{"class":264},[43,127762,3521],{"class":53},[14,127764,349],{},[34,127766,127767],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127768,127769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127770,127771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127772,4594],{"class":4466},[14,127774,127775,127776,79],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[269,127777,127778],{"href":123997},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[81,127780,124389],{"id":124388},[14,127782,127783,124200],{},[18,127784,126800],{},[14,127786,127787,127788,1233,127791,127794],{},"That means ",[18,127789,127790],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127792,127793],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[34,127796,127798],{"className":36,"code":127797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127799,127800,127813,127817,127839],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127801,127802,127804,127806,127808,127811],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127803,126825],{"class":49},[43,127805,98],{"class":97},[43,127807,276],{"class":264},[43,127809,127810],{"class":268},"REPORT.CSV",[43,127812,3969],{"class":264},[43,127814,127815],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,127818,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,127820,142],{"class":141},[43,127822,145],{"class":53},[43,127824,126843],{"class":148},[43,127826,79],{"class":53},[43,127828,126848],{"class":148},[43,127830,145],{"class":53},[43,127832,265],{"class":264},[43,127834,126855],{"class":268},[43,127836,265],{"class":264},[43,127838,2377],{"class":53},[43,127840,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855,127858,127860],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,127842,142],{"class":141},[43,127844,145],{"class":53},[43,127846,126843],{"class":148},[43,127848,79],{"class":53},[43,127850,126848],{"class":148},[43,127852,145],{"class":53},[43,127854,265],{"class":264},[43,127856,127857],{"class":268},".CSV",[43,127859,265],{"class":264},[43,127861,2377],{"class":53},[14,127863,349],{},[34,127865,127867],{"className":36,"code":127866,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127868,127869,127873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127870,127871],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127872,4655],{"class":4466},[43,127874,127875],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127876,4594],{"class":4466},[14,127878,127879,127880,79],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[269,127881,127882],{"href":124469},[18,127883,124472],{},[34,127885,127887],{"className":36,"code":127886,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127888,127889,127901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127890,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127892,126825],{"class":49},[43,127894,98],{"class":97},[43,127896,276],{"class":264},[43,127898,127810],{"class":268},[43,127900,3969],{"class":264},[43,127902,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127904,142],{"class":141},[43,127906,145],{"class":53},[43,127908,126843],{"class":148},[43,127910,79],{"class":53},[43,127912,9259],{"class":148},[43,127914,9256],{"class":53},[43,127916,126848],{"class":148},[43,127918,145],{"class":53},[43,127920,265],{"class":264},[43,127922,126855],{"class":268},[43,127924,265],{"class":264},[43,127926,2377],{"class":53},[14,127928,349],{},[34,127930,127931],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127932,127933],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127934,127935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127936,4594],{"class":4466},[81,127938,127940],{"id":127939},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127942,127943],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[34,127945,127947],{"className":36,"code":127946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127948,127949,127962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127950,127951,127953,127955,127957,127960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127952,126825],{"class":49},[43,127954,98],{"class":97},[43,127956,276],{"class":264},[43,127958,127959],{"class":268},"picture.gif",[43,127961,3969],{"class":264},[43,127963,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,127965,142],{"class":141},[43,127967,145],{"class":53},[43,127969,126843],{"class":148},[43,127971,79],{"class":53},[43,127973,126848],{"class":148},[43,127975,6126],{"class":53},[43,127977,265],{"class":264},[43,127979,127233],{"class":268},[43,127981,265],{"class":264},[43,127983,108],{"class":53},[43,127985,276],{"class":264},[43,127987,127180],{"class":268},[43,127989,265],{"class":264},[43,127991,108],{"class":53},[43,127993,276],{"class":264},[43,127995,127250],{"class":268},[43,127997,265],{"class":264},[43,127999,3521],{"class":53},[14,128001,349],{},[34,128003,128004],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128005,128006],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128007,128008],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128009,4594],{"class":4466},[14,128011,128012],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,128014,52707],{},[34,128016,128018],{"className":36,"code":128017,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,128019,128020,128033,128068,128072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128021,128022,128025,128027,128029,128031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128023,128024],{"class":49},"document ",[43,128026,98],{"class":97},[43,128028,276],{"class":264},[43,128030,87282],{"class":268},[43,128032,3969],{"class":264},[43,128034,128035,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128055,128057,128059,128061,128064,128066],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128036,128037],{"class":49},"allowed ",[43,128039,98],{"class":97},[43,128041,9855],{"class":53},[43,128043,265],{"class":264},[43,128045,126878],{"class":268},[43,128047,265],{"class":264},[43,128049,108],{"class":53},[43,128051,276],{"class":264},[43,128053,128054],{"class":268},".md",[43,128056,265],{"class":264},[43,128058,108],{"class":53},[43,128060,276],{"class":264},[43,128062,128063],{"class":268},".docx",[43,128065,265],{"class":264},[43,128067,346],{"class":53},[43,128069,128070],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128071,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,128073,128074,128076,128078,128081,128083,128085,128087,128090],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,128075,142],{"class":141},[43,128077,145],{"class":53},[43,128079,128080],{"class":148},"document",[43,128082,79],{"class":53},[43,128084,126848],{"class":148},[43,128086,145],{"class":53},[43,128088,128089],{"class":148},"allowed",[43,128091,2377],{"class":53},[14,128093,349],{},[34,128095,128096],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128097,128098],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128099,128100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128101,4594],{"class":4466},[14,128103,128104,128105,79],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[269,128106,126742,128108,11361],{"href":128107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,128109,128110],{},"startswith()",[81,128112,3438],{"id":3437},[14,128114,9065,128115,79],{},[18,128116,126800],{},[1499,128118,128120],{"id":128119},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,128122,5141],{},[34,128124,128126],{"className":36,"code":128125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,128127,128128,128140],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128129,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128131,126825],{"class":49},[43,128133,98],{"class":97},[43,128135,276],{"class":264},[43,128137,127722],{"class":268},[43,128139,3969],{"class":264},[43,128141,128142],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128143,128144],{"class":165},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,128146,128147],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[34,128149,128151],{"className":36,"code":128150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,128152,128153,128165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128154,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128156,126825],{"class":49},[43,128158,98],{"class":97},[43,128160,276],{"class":264},[43,128162,127722],{"class":268},[43,128164,3969],{"class":264},[43,128166,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128168,142],{"class":141},[43,128170,145],{"class":53},[43,128172,126843],{"class":148},[43,128174,79],{"class":53},[43,128176,126848],{"class":148},[43,128178,6126],{"class":53},[43,128180,265],{"class":264},[43,128182,127233],{"class":268},[43,128184,265],{"class":264},[43,128186,108],{"class":53},[43,128188,276],{"class":264},[43,128190,127180],{"class":268},[43,128192,265],{"class":264},[43,128194,3521],{"class":53},[1499,128196,128198],{"id":128197},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[34,128200,128202],{"className":36,"code":128201,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,128203,128204,128216],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128205,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128207,126825],{"class":49},[43,128209,98],{"class":97},[43,128211,276],{"class":264},[43,128213,127810],{"class":268},[43,128215,3969],{"class":264},[43,128217,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128219,142],{"class":141},[43,128221,145],{"class":53},[43,128223,126843],{"class":148},[43,128225,79],{"class":53},[43,128227,126848],{"class":148},[43,128229,145],{"class":53},[43,128231,265],{"class":264},[43,128233,126855],{"class":268},[43,128235,265],{"class":264},[43,128237,2377],{"class":53},[14,128239,349],{},[34,128241,128242],{"className":36,"code":4655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128243,128244],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128245,128246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128247,4655],{"class":4466},[14,128249,39889],{},[34,128251,128252],{"className":36,"code":127886,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128253,128254,128266],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128255,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128257,126825],{"class":49},[43,128259,98],{"class":97},[43,128261,276],{"class":264},[43,128263,127810],{"class":268},[43,128265,3969],{"class":264},[43,128267,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128269,142],{"class":141},[43,128271,145],{"class":53},[43,128273,126843],{"class":148},[43,128275,79],{"class":53},[43,128277,9259],{"class":148},[43,128279,9256],{"class":53},[43,128281,126848],{"class":148},[43,128283,145],{"class":53},[43,128285,265],{"class":264},[43,128287,126855],{"class":268},[43,128289,265],{"class":264},[43,128291,2377],{"class":53},[1499,128293,1860,128295,1863,128297],{"id":128294},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,128296,126800],{},[18,128298,4498],{},[14,128300,128301,128303],{},[18,128302,126800],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[34,128305,128307],{"className":36,"code":128306,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,128308,128309,128322,128326,128348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128310,128311,128313,128315,128317,128320],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128312,35316],{"class":49},[43,128314,98],{"class":97},[43,128316,276],{"class":264},[43,128318,128319],{"class":268},"my_report.csv.backup",[43,128321,3969],{"class":264},[43,128323,128324],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128325,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,128327,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128329,142],{"class":141},[43,128331,145],{"class":53},[43,128333,35337],{"class":148},[43,128335,79],{"class":53},[43,128337,126848],{"class":148},[43,128339,145],{"class":53},[43,128341,265],{"class":264},[43,128343,126855],{"class":268},[43,128345,265],{"class":264},[43,128347,2377],{"class":53},[43,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,128351,142],{"class":141},[43,128353,145],{"class":53},[43,128355,265],{"class":264},[43,128357,126855],{"class":268},[43,128359,265],{"class":264},[43,128361,21795],{"class":4491},[43,128363,43467],{"class":148},[43,128365,346],{"class":53},[14,128367,349],{},[34,128369,128370],{"className":36,"code":127866,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128371,128372,128376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128373,128374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128375,4655],{"class":4466},[43,128377,128378],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128379,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,128381,9071,128383,128385],{"id":128382},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,128384,126800],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128387,128388,128390],{},[18,128389,126800],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[34,128392,128394],{"className":36,"code":128393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,128395,128396,128408,128430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128397,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128399,126825],{"class":49},[43,128401,98],{"class":97},[43,128403,276],{"class":264},[43,128405,126832],{"class":268},[43,128407,3969],{"class":264},[43,128409,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128411,142],{"class":141},[43,128413,145],{"class":53},[43,128415,126843],{"class":148},[43,128417,79],{"class":53},[43,128419,126848],{"class":148},[43,128421,145],{"class":53},[43,128423,265],{"class":264},[43,128425,126855],{"class":268},[43,128427,265],{"class":264},[43,128429,2377],{"class":53},[43,128431,128432,128434,128436,128438],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128433,142],{"class":141},[43,128435,145],{"class":53},[43,128437,126843],{"class":148},[43,128439,346],{"class":53},[14,128441,349],{},[34,128443,128445],{"className":36,"code":128444,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128446,128447,128451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128448,128449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128450,4594],{"class":4466},[43,128452,128453,128456,128458],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128454,128455],{"class":49},"report",[43,128457,79],{"class":53},[43,128459,128460],{"class":25373},"csv\n",[14,128462,128463,128464,79],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[269,128465,128466],{"href":124910},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128468,66687],{},[389,128470,128471,128474,128477,128480],{},[392,128472,128473],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[392,128475,128476],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[392,128478,128479],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[392,128481,2445,128482,45256,128484,3486,128486,111939],{},[18,128483,126800],{},[18,128485,124913],{},[18,128487,42279],{},[14,128489,30761],{},[34,128491,128493],{"className":36,"code":128492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128494,128495,128505,128519,128541,128567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128496,128497,128499,128501,128503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128498,142],{"class":141},[43,128500,145],{"class":53},[43,128502,35337],{"class":148},[43,128504,346],{"class":53},[43,128506,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128508,142],{"class":141},[43,128510,145],{"class":53},[43,128512,42405],{"class":141},[43,128514,145],{"class":53},[43,128516,35337],{"class":148},[43,128518,2377],{"class":53},[43,128520,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128522,142],{"class":141},[43,128524,145],{"class":53},[43,128526,35337],{"class":148},[43,128528,79],{"class":53},[43,128530,126848],{"class":148},[43,128532,145],{"class":53},[43,128534,361],{"class":264},[43,128536,126855],{"class":268},[43,128538,361],{"class":264},[43,128540,2377],{"class":53},[43,128542,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,128544,142],{"class":141},[43,128546,145],{"class":53},[43,128548,35337],{"class":148},[43,128550,79],{"class":53},[43,128552,9259],{"class":148},[43,128554,9256],{"class":53},[43,128556,126848],{"class":148},[43,128558,145],{"class":53},[43,128560,361],{"class":264},[43,128562,126855],{"class":268},[43,128564,361],{"class":264},[43,128566,2377],{"class":53},[43,128568,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,128570,142],{"class":141},[43,128572,145],{"class":53},[43,128574,3832],{"class":3510},[43,128576,145],{"class":53},[43,128578,35337],{"class":148},[43,128580,2377],{"class":53},[81,128582,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,128584,13328,128586,128588],{"id":128585},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128587,126800],{}," change the string?",[14,128590,128591,128592,3486,128594,79],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128593,4216],{},[18,128595,4285],{},[1499,128597,5784,128599,128601],{"id":128598},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128600,126800],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128603,128604,128605,79],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128606,128607],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1499,128609,15527,128611,125078],{"id":128610},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128612,126800],{},[14,128614,128615,128616,3486,128618,128621],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128617,124472],{},[18,128619,128620],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1499,128623,5794,128625,1233,128627,2490],{"id":128624},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128626,126800],{},[18,128628,124737],{},[14,128630,128631,128633,128634,128636],{},[18,128632,126800],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128635,124737],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[81,128638,2497],{"id":2496},[389,128640,128641,128647,128653,128657,128661],{},[392,128642,128643],{},[269,128644,126742,128645,11361],{"href":128107},[18,128646,128110],{},[392,128648,128649],{},[269,128650,126742,128651,11361],{"href":124469},[18,128652,124472],{},[392,128654,128655],{},[269,128656,125141],{"href":123997},[392,128658,128659],{},[269,128660,125148],{"href":124910},[392,128662,128663],{},[269,128664,125497],{"href":51603},[2536,128666,128667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":128669},[128670,128671,128673,128674,128679,128680,128686,128687,128688,128696,128706],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":126908,"depth":131,"text":128672},"What endswith() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":127123,"depth":131,"text":127124,"children":128675},[128676,128677,128678],{"id":127037,"depth":138,"text":127037},{"id":20,"depth":138,"text":20},{"id":53288,"depth":138,"text":53288},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":127536,"depth":131,"text":127537,"children":128681},[128682,128683,128684,128685],{"id":127540,"depth":138,"text":127541},{"id":127594,"depth":138,"text":127595},{"id":127651,"depth":138,"text":127652},{"id":127705,"depth":138,"text":127706},{"id":124388,"depth":131,"text":124389},{"id":127939,"depth":131,"text":127940},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":128689},[128690,128691,128692,128694],{"id":128119,"depth":138,"text":128120},{"id":128197,"depth":138,"text":128198},{"id":128294,"depth":138,"text":128693},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128382,"depth":138,"text":128695},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":128697},[128698,128700,128702,128704],{"id":128585,"depth":138,"text":128699},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128598,"depth":138,"text":128701},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128610,"depth":138,"text":128703},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128624,"depth":138,"text":128705},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126792,"description":128707},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128714,"title":128715,"body":128716,"description":130384,"extension":2572,"meta":130385,"navigation":134,"path":130386,"seo":130387,"stem":130388,"__hash__":130389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128717,"toc":130357},[128718,128723,128728,128733,128738,128831,128841,128846,128851,128866,128868,128950,128958,128960,128962,128989,128991,129007,129014,129016,129124,129126,129131,129147,129149,129244,129252,129255,129261,129266,129271,129278,129417,129420,129433,129435,129439,129446,129516,129519,129568,129575,129582,129596,129601,129606,129652,129698,129714,129716,129721,129735,129738,129860,129865,129867,129872,129905,129908,129984,129986,129995,130009,130012,130096,130099,130210,130213,130241,130243,130250,130254,130260,130263,130269,130272,130279,130290,130296,130303,130305,130354],[10,128719,123742,128721,11943],{"id":128720},"python-string-find-method",[18,128722,124737],{},[14,128724,123747,128725,128727],{},[18,128726,124737],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128729,128730,128731,79],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128732,66478],{},[14,128734,230,128735,128737],{},[18,128736,124737],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[34,128739,128741],{"className":36,"code":128740,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128742,128743,128755,128778,128791,128795,128818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128744,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128746,35316],{"class":49},[43,128748,98],{"class":97},[43,128750,276],{"class":264},[43,128752,61033],{"class":268},[43,128754,3969],{"class":264},[43,128756,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128758,65545],{"class":49},[43,128760,98],{"class":97},[43,128762,43467],{"class":49},[43,128764,79],{"class":53},[43,128766,128767],{"class":148},"find",[43,128769,145],{"class":53},[43,128771,265],{"class":264},[43,128773,61217],{"class":268},[43,128775,265],{"class":264},[43,128777,346],{"class":53},[43,128779,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128781,142],{"class":141},[43,128783,145],{"class":53},[43,128785,65572],{"class":148},[43,128787,4272],{"class":53},[43,128789,128790],{"class":165},"   # 6\n",[43,128792,128793],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,128794,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,128796,128797,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,128798,128799],{"class":49},"missing ",[43,128801,98],{"class":97},[43,128803,43467],{"class":49},[43,128805,79],{"class":53},[43,128807,128767],{"class":148},[43,128809,145],{"class":53},[43,128811,265],{"class":264},[43,128813,38],{"class":268},[43,128815,265],{"class":264},[43,128817,346],{"class":53},[43,128819,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,128821,142],{"class":141},[43,128823,145],{"class":53},[43,128825,27397],{"class":148},[43,128827,4272],{"class":53},[43,128829,128830],{"class":165},"    # -1\n",[44206,128832,128833],{},[14,128834,230,128835,128837,128838,128840],{},[18,128836,124737],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128839,66478],{}," if the substring is not found.",[81,128842,4289,128844,4292],{"id":128843},"what-find-does",[18,128845,124737],{},[14,128847,128848,128850],{},[18,128849,124737],{}," is a string method that:",[389,128852,128853,128856,128859,128864],{},[392,128854,128855],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[392,128857,128858],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[392,128860,12045,128861,128863],{},[18,128862,66478],{}," if no match is found",[392,128865,126928],{},[14,128867,494],{},[34,128869,128871],{"className":36,"code":128870,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128872,128873,128885,128889,128913,128937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128874,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128876,35316],{"class":49},[43,128878,98],{"class":97},[43,128880,276],{"class":264},[43,128882,4703],{"class":268},[43,128884,3969],{"class":264},[43,128886,128887],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,128888,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,128890,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,128892,142],{"class":141},[43,128894,145],{"class":53},[43,128896,35337],{"class":148},[43,128898,79],{"class":53},[43,128900,128767],{"class":148},[43,128902,145],{"class":53},[43,128904,265],{"class":264},[43,128906,123835],{"class":268},[43,128908,265],{"class":264},[43,128910,5977],{"class":53},[43,128912,58271],{"class":165},[43,128914,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,128916,142],{"class":141},[43,128918,145],{"class":53},[43,128920,35337],{"class":148},[43,128922,79],{"class":53},[43,128924,128767],{"class":148},[43,128926,145],{"class":53},[43,128928,265],{"class":264},[43,128930,2780],{"class":268},[43,128932,265],{"class":264},[43,128934,5977],{"class":53},[43,128936,128830],{"class":165},[43,128938,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,128940,142],{"class":141},[43,128942,145],{"class":53},[43,128944,35337],{"class":148},[43,128946,4272],{"class":53},[43,128948,128949],{"class":165},"              # banana\n",[14,128951,21392,128952,128955,128956,79],{},[18,128953,128954],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128957,201],{},[81,128959,2763],{"id":2762},[14,128961,2766],{},[34,128963,128965],{"className":36,"code":128964,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128966,128967],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128968,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128970,61799],{"class":49},[43,128972,79],{"class":53},[43,128974,128767],{"class":148},[43,128976,145],{"class":53},[43,128978,3080],{"class":148},[43,128980,108],{"class":53},[43,128982,36682],{"class":148},[43,128984,108],{"class":53},[43,128986,65666],{"class":148},[43,128988,346],{"class":53},[1499,128990,18016],{"id":18015},[389,128992,128993,128997,129002],{},[392,128994,128995,123934],{},[18,128996,3080],{},[392,128998,128999,129001],{},[18,129000,20],{},": optional starting position",[392,129003,129004,129006],{},[18,129005,53288],{},": optional ending position",[14,129008,129009,1233,129011,129013],{},[18,129010,20],{},[18,129012,53288],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,129015,127071],{},[34,129017,129019],{"className":36,"code":129018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,129020,129021,129033,129037,129062,129091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129022,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129024,35316],{"class":49},[43,129026,98],{"class":97},[43,129028,276],{"class":264},[43,129030,61033],{"class":268},[43,129032,3969],{"class":264},[43,129034,129035],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129036,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129040,142],{"class":141},[43,129042,145],{"class":53},[43,129044,35337],{"class":148},[43,129046,79],{"class":53},[43,129048,128767],{"class":148},[43,129050,145],{"class":53},[43,129052,265],{"class":264},[43,129054,61099],{"class":268},[43,129056,265],{"class":264},[43,129058,5977],{"class":53},[43,129060,129061],{"class":165},"        # 4\n",[43,129063,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129065,142],{"class":141},[43,129067,145],{"class":53},[43,129069,35337],{"class":148},[43,129071,79],{"class":53},[43,129073,128767],{"class":148},[43,129075,145],{"class":53},[43,129077,265],{"class":264},[43,129079,61099],{"class":268},[43,129081,265],{"class":264},[43,129083,108],{"class":53},[43,129085,5221],{"class":104},[43,129087,5977],{"class":53},[43,129089,129090],{"class":165},"     # 7\n",[43,129092,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,129094,142],{"class":141},[43,129096,145],{"class":53},[43,129098,35337],{"class":148},[43,129100,79],{"class":53},[43,129102,128767],{"class":148},[43,129104,145],{"class":53},[43,129106,265],{"class":264},[43,129108,61099],{"class":268},[43,129110,265],{"class":264},[43,129112,108],{"class":53},[43,129114,5221],{"class":104},[43,129116,108],{"class":53},[43,129118,6609],{"class":104},[43,129120,5977],{"class":53},[43,129122,129123],{"class":165},"  # -1\n",[81,129125,38648],{"id":38647},[14,129127,58170,129128,129130],{},[18,129129,124737],{}," is always an integer.",[389,129132,129133,129139,129142],{},[392,129134,129135,129136,129138],{},"A number ",[18,129137,1277],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[392,129140,129141],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[392,129143,129144,129146],{},[18,129145,66478],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,129148,494],{},[34,129150,129152],{"className":36,"code":129151,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,129153,129154,129166,129170,129195,129220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129155,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129157,35316],{"class":49},[43,129159,98],{"class":97},[43,129161,276],{"class":264},[43,129163,38],{"class":268},[43,129165,3969],{"class":264},[43,129167,129168],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129169,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129171,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129189,129191,129193],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129173,142],{"class":141},[43,129175,145],{"class":53},[43,129177,35337],{"class":148},[43,129179,79],{"class":53},[43,129181,128767],{"class":148},[43,129183,145],{"class":53},[43,129185,265],{"class":264},[43,129187,129188],{"class":268},"py",[43,129190,265],{"class":264},[43,129192,5977],{"class":53},[43,129194,21389],{"class":165},[43,129196,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209,129211,129214,129216,129218],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129198,142],{"class":141},[43,129200,145],{"class":53},[43,129202,35337],{"class":148},[43,129204,79],{"class":53},[43,129206,128767],{"class":148},[43,129208,145],{"class":53},[43,129210,265],{"class":264},[43,129212,129213],{"class":268},"th",[43,129215,265],{"class":264},[43,129217,5977],{"class":53},[43,129219,58271],{"class":165},[43,129221,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,129223,142],{"class":141},[43,129225,145],{"class":53},[43,129227,35337],{"class":148},[43,129229,79],{"class":53},[43,129231,128767],{"class":148},[43,129233,145],{"class":53},[43,129235,265],{"class":264},[43,129237,22699],{"class":268},[43,129239,265],{"class":264},[43,129241,5977],{"class":53},[43,129243,128830],{"class":165},[14,129245,90297,129246,9074,129248,3486,129250,79],{},[18,129247,124737],{},[18,129249,4216],{},[18,129251,4285],{},[14,129253,129254],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[81,129256,2445,129257,1233,129259],{"id":66030},[18,129258,20],{},[18,129260,53288],{},[14,129262,230,129263,129265],{},[18,129264,20],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,129267,230,129268,129270],{},[18,129269,53288],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,129272,1242,129273,74,129275,129277],{},[18,129274,53288],{},[76,129276,78],{}," in the search.",[34,129279,129281],{"className":36,"code":129280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,129282,129283,129296,129300,129324,129353,129385],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129284,129285,129287,129289,129291,129294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129286,35316],{"class":49},[43,129288,98],{"class":97},[43,129290,276],{"class":264},[43,129292,129293],{"class":268},"one two three two",[43,129295,3969],{"class":264},[43,129297,129298],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129301,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129303,142],{"class":141},[43,129305,145],{"class":53},[43,129307,35337],{"class":148},[43,129309,79],{"class":53},[43,129311,128767],{"class":148},[43,129313,145],{"class":53},[43,129315,265],{"class":264},[43,129317,79658],{"class":268},[43,129319,265],{"class":264},[43,129321,5977],{"class":53},[43,129323,129061],{"class":165},[43,129325,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129327,142],{"class":141},[43,129329,145],{"class":53},[43,129331,35337],{"class":148},[43,129333,79],{"class":53},[43,129335,128767],{"class":148},[43,129337,145],{"class":53},[43,129339,265],{"class":264},[43,129341,79658],{"class":268},[43,129343,265],{"class":264},[43,129345,108],{"class":53},[43,129347,5221],{"class":104},[43,129349,5977],{"class":53},[43,129351,129352],{"class":165},"     # 14\n",[43,129354,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,129356,142],{"class":141},[43,129358,145],{"class":53},[43,129360,35337],{"class":148},[43,129362,79],{"class":53},[43,129364,128767],{"class":148},[43,129366,145],{"class":53},[43,129368,265],{"class":264},[43,129370,79658],{"class":268},[43,129372,265],{"class":264},[43,129374,108],{"class":53},[43,129376,4447],{"class":104},[43,129378,108],{"class":53},[43,129380,6609],{"class":104},[43,129382,5977],{"class":53},[43,129384,51563],{"class":165},[43,129386,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,129388,142],{"class":141},[43,129390,145],{"class":53},[43,129392,35337],{"class":148},[43,129394,79],{"class":53},[43,129396,128767],{"class":148},[43,129398,145],{"class":53},[43,129400,265],{"class":264},[43,129402,79658],{"class":268},[43,129404,265],{"class":264},[43,129406,108],{"class":53},[43,129408,4447],{"class":104},[43,129410,108],{"class":53},[43,129412,3064],{"class":104},[43,129414,5977],{"class":53},[43,129416,129123],{"class":165},[14,129418,129419],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129421,129422,129423,55697,129427,79],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[269,129424,129426],{"href":129425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[269,129428,129430,129432],{"href":129429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,129431,61157],{}," string method",[81,129434,124389],{"id":124388},[14,129436,129437,124200],{},[18,129438,124737],{},[14,129440,127787,129441,1233,129443,129445],{},[18,129442,90805],{},[18,129444,65160],{}," are treated as different text.",[34,129447,129449],{"className":36,"code":129448,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129450,129451,129464,129468,129492],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129452,129453,129455,129457,129459,129462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129454,35316],{"class":49},[43,129456,98],{"class":97},[43,129458,276],{"class":264},[43,129460,129461],{"class":268},"Hello World",[43,129463,3969],{"class":264},[43,129465,129466],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129467,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129469,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129471,142],{"class":141},[43,129473,145],{"class":53},[43,129475,35337],{"class":148},[43,129477,79],{"class":53},[43,129479,128767],{"class":148},[43,129481,145],{"class":53},[43,129483,265],{"class":264},[43,129485,35496],{"class":268},[43,129487,265],{"class":264},[43,129489,5977],{"class":53},[43,129491,51874],{"class":165},[43,129493,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129495,142],{"class":141},[43,129497,145],{"class":53},[43,129499,35337],{"class":148},[43,129501,79],{"class":53},[43,129503,128767],{"class":148},[43,129505,145],{"class":53},[43,129507,265],{"class":264},[43,129509,4459],{"class":268},[43,129511,265],{"class":264},[43,129513,5977],{"class":53},[43,129515,129123],{"class":165},[14,129517,129518],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[34,129520,129522],{"className":36,"code":129521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129523,129524,129536,129540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129525,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129527,35316],{"class":49},[43,129529,98],{"class":97},[43,129531,276],{"class":264},[43,129533,129461],{"class":268},[43,129535,3969],{"class":264},[43,129537,129538],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129539,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129541,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129543,142],{"class":141},[43,129545,145],{"class":53},[43,129547,35337],{"class":148},[43,129549,79],{"class":53},[43,129551,9259],{"class":148},[43,129553,9256],{"class":53},[43,129555,128767],{"class":148},[43,129557,145],{"class":53},[43,129559,265],{"class":264},[43,129561,4459],{"class":268},[43,129563,265],{"class":264},[43,129565,5977],{"class":53},[43,129567,51874],{"class":165},[81,129569,129571,11205,129573],{"id":129570},"find-vs-index",[18,129572,124737],{},[18,129574,59594],{},[14,129576,129577,1233,129579,129581],{},[18,129578,124737],{},[18,129580,59594],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[389,129583,129584,129590],{},[392,129585,129586,3004,129588],{},[18,129587,124737],{},[18,129589,66478],{},[392,129591,129592,53122,129594],{},[18,129593,59594],{},[18,129595,1553],{},[14,129597,230,129598,129600],{},[18,129599,124737],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129602,230,129603,129605],{},[18,129604,59594],{}," when the value must exist.",[34,129607,129609],{"className":36,"code":129608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129610,129611,129623,129627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129612,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129614,35316],{"class":49},[43,129616,98],{"class":97},[43,129618,276],{"class":264},[43,129620,4459],{"class":268},[43,129622,3969],{"class":264},[43,129624,129625],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129626,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129630,142],{"class":141},[43,129632,145],{"class":53},[43,129634,35337],{"class":148},[43,129636,79],{"class":53},[43,129638,128767],{"class":148},[43,129640,145],{"class":53},[43,129642,265],{"class":264},[43,129644,2780],{"class":268},[43,129646,265],{"class":264},[43,129648,5977],{"class":53},[43,129650,129651],{"class":165},"   # -1\n",[34,129653,129655],{"className":36,"code":129654,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129656,129657,129669,129673],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129658,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129660,35316],{"class":49},[43,129662,98],{"class":97},[43,129664,276],{"class":264},[43,129666,4459],{"class":268},[43,129668,3969],{"class":264},[43,129670,129671],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129672,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129674,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129676,142],{"class":141},[43,129678,145],{"class":53},[43,129680,35337],{"class":148},[43,129682,79],{"class":53},[43,129684,36476],{"class":148},[43,129686,145],{"class":53},[43,129688,265],{"class":264},[43,129690,2780],{"class":268},[43,129692,265],{"class":264},[43,129694,5977],{"class":53},[43,129696,129697],{"class":165},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129699,129700,129701,129705,129706,129708,129709,79],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[269,129702,129703,129432],{"href":124762},[18,129704,59594],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129707,59594],{},", read ",[269,129710,26303,129711],{"href":74101},[18,129712,129713],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[81,129715,41671],{"id":41670},[14,129717,36035,129718,129720],{},[18,129719,124737],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[389,129722,129723,129726,129729,129732],{},[392,129724,129725],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[392,129727,129728],{},"Get the position of a word",[392,129730,129731],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[392,129733,129734],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129736,129737],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[34,129739,129741],{"className":36,"code":129740,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129742,129743,129756,129779,129783,129798,129814,129833,129847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129744,129745,129747,129749,129751,129754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129746,35316],{"class":49},[43,129748,98],{"class":97},[43,129750,276],{"class":264},[43,129752,129753],{"class":268},"name:Alice",[43,129755,3969],{"class":264},[43,129757,129758,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129759,129760],{"class":49},"colon_pos ",[43,129762,98],{"class":97},[43,129764,43467],{"class":49},[43,129766,79],{"class":53},[43,129768,128767],{"class":148},[43,129770,145],{"class":53},[43,129772,265],{"class":264},[43,129774,59],{"class":268},[43,129776,265],{"class":264},[43,129778,346],{"class":53},[43,129780,129781],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129782,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129784,129785,129787,129790,129792,129794,129796],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129786,7614],{"class":4491},[43,129788,129789],{"class":49}," colon_pos ",[43,129791,73211],{"class":97},[43,129793,2828],{"class":97},[43,129795,154],{"class":104},[43,129797,7009],{"class":53},[43,129799,129800,129803,129805,129807,129809,129812],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,129801,129802],{"class":49},"    label ",[43,129804,98],{"class":97},[43,129806,43467],{"class":49},[43,129808,178],{"class":53},[43,129810,129811],{"class":49},"colon_pos",[43,129813,68],{"class":53},[43,129815,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,129817,28025],{"class":49},[43,129819,98],{"class":97},[43,129821,43467],{"class":49},[43,129823,54],{"class":53},[43,129825,129760],{"class":49},[43,129827,2666],{"class":97},[43,129829,6113],{"class":104},[43,129831,129832],{"class":53},":]\n",[43,129834,129835,129837,129839,129842,129844],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,129836,8687],{"class":141},[43,129838,145],{"class":53},[43,129840,129841],{"class":148},"label",[43,129843,4272],{"class":53},[43,129845,129846],{"class":165},"  # name\n",[43,129848,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,129850,8687],{"class":141},[43,129852,145],{"class":53},[43,129854,3080],{"class":148},[43,129856,4272],{"class":53},[43,129858,129859],{"class":165},"  # Alice\n",[14,129861,129862,129863,79],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[269,129864,127778],{"href":123997},[81,129866,3438],{"id":3437},[14,129868,129869,129870,59],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129871,124737],{},[389,129873,129874,129883,129889,129894,129900],{},[392,129875,9071,129876,9074,129878,3486,129880,129882],{},[18,129877,124737],{},[18,129879,4216],{},[18,129881,4285],{}," instead of an index",[392,129884,129885,129886,129888],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129887,66478],{}," when the substring is missing",[392,129890,2445,129891,129893],{},[18,129892,124737],{}," without handling case differences",[392,129895,1860,129896,1863,129898],{},[18,129897,124737],{},[18,129899,59594],{},[392,129901,5195,129902,129904],{},[18,129903,124737],{}," changes the string",[14,129906,129907],{},"Example of a mistake:",[34,129909,129911],{"className":36,"code":129910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129912,129913,129925,129929,129949,129964,129970],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129914,129915,129917,129919,129921,129923],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129916,35316],{"class":49},[43,129918,98],{"class":97},[43,129920,276],{"class":264},[43,129922,4459],{"class":268},[43,129924,3969],{"class":264},[43,129926,129927],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,129928,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,129930,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,129932,7614],{"class":4491},[43,129934,43467],{"class":49},[43,129936,79],{"class":53},[43,129938,128767],{"class":148},[43,129940,145],{"class":53},[43,129942,265],{"class":264},[43,129944,61065],{"class":268},[43,129946,265],{"class":264},[43,129948,8960],{"class":53},[43,129950,129951,129953,129955,129957,129960,129962],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,129952,8687],{"class":141},[43,129954,145],{"class":53},[43,129956,265],{"class":264},[43,129958,129959],{"class":268},"Found",[43,129961,265],{"class":264},[43,129963,346],{"class":53},[43,129965,129966,129968],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,129967,28058],{"class":4491},[43,129969,7009],{"class":53},[43,129971,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,129973,8687],{"class":141},[43,129975,145],{"class":53},[43,129977,265],{"class":264},[43,129979,26939],{"class":268},[43,129981,265],{"class":264},[43,129983,346],{"class":53},[14,129985,100303],{},[34,129987,129989],{"className":36,"code":129988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Not found\n",[18,129990,129991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129992,129993],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129994,129988],{"class":49},[14,129996,46330,129997,130000,130001,25,130003,130005,130006,130008],{},[18,129998,129999],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,130002,1277],{},[18,130004,1277],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,130007,7614],{}," statement.",[14,130010,130011],{},"A safer version is:",[34,130013,130015],{"className":36,"code":130014,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,130016,130017,130029,130033,130062,130076,130082],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130018,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130020,35316],{"class":49},[43,130022,98],{"class":97},[43,130024,276],{"class":264},[43,130026,4459],{"class":268},[43,130028,3969],{"class":264},[43,130030,130031],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130032,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,130034,130035,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053,130056,130058,130060],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,130036,7614],{"class":4491},[43,130038,43467],{"class":49},[43,130040,79],{"class":53},[43,130042,128767],{"class":148},[43,130044,145],{"class":53},[43,130046,265],{"class":264},[43,130048,61065],{"class":268},[43,130050,265],{"class":264},[43,130052,4272],{"class":53},[43,130054,130055],{"class":97}," !=",[43,130057,2828],{"class":97},[43,130059,154],{"class":104},[43,130061,7009],{"class":53},[43,130063,130064,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,130065,8687],{"class":141},[43,130067,145],{"class":53},[43,130069,265],{"class":264},[43,130071,129959],{"class":268},[43,130073,265],{"class":264},[43,130075,346],{"class":53},[43,130077,130078,130080],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,130079,28058],{"class":4491},[43,130081,7009],{"class":53},[43,130083,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,130085,8687],{"class":141},[43,130087,145],{"class":53},[43,130089,265],{"class":264},[43,130091,26939],{"class":268},[43,130093,265],{"class":264},[43,130095,346],{"class":53},[14,130097,130098],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[34,130100,130102],{"className":36,"code":130101,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,130103,130104,130126,130140,130166,130180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130105,130106,130108,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130107,142],{"class":141},[43,130109,145],{"class":53},[43,130111,35337],{"class":148},[43,130113,79],{"class":53},[43,130115,128767],{"class":148},[43,130117,145],{"class":53},[43,130119,361],{"class":264},[43,130121,39018],{"class":268},[43,130123,361],{"class":264},[43,130125,2377],{"class":53},[43,130127,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130129,142],{"class":141},[43,130131,145],{"class":53},[43,130133,42405],{"class":141},[43,130135,145],{"class":53},[43,130137,35337],{"class":148},[43,130139,2377],{"class":53},[43,130141,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,130143,142],{"class":141},[43,130145,145],{"class":53},[43,130147,35337],{"class":148},[43,130149,79],{"class":53},[43,130151,9259],{"class":148},[43,130153,9256],{"class":53},[43,130155,128767],{"class":148},[43,130157,145],{"class":53},[43,130159,361],{"class":264},[43,130161,39018],{"class":268},[43,130163,361],{"class":264},[43,130165,2377],{"class":53},[43,130167,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176,130178],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,130169,142],{"class":141},[43,130171,145],{"class":53},[43,130173,2370],{"class":141},[43,130175,145],{"class":53},[43,130177,35337],{"class":148},[43,130179,2377],{"class":53},[43,130181,130182,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,130183,142],{"class":141},[43,130185,145],{"class":53},[43,130187,35337],{"class":148},[43,130189,79],{"class":53},[43,130191,128767],{"class":148},[43,130193,145],{"class":53},[43,130195,361],{"class":264},[43,130197,39018],{"class":268},[43,130199,361],{"class":264},[43,130201,108],{"class":53},[43,130203,36682],{"class":148},[43,130205,108],{"class":53},[43,130207,65666],{"class":148},[43,130209,2377],{"class":53},[14,130211,130212],{},"These help you check:",[389,130214,130215,130220,130225,130230,130233],{},[392,130216,130217,130218],{},"The actual result from ",[18,130219,124737],{},[392,130221,130222,130223],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,130224,122956],{},[392,130226,130227,130228],{},"Case differences with ",[18,130229,124472],{},[392,130231,130232],{},"The string length",[392,130234,130235,130236,1233,130238,130240],{},"Whether your ",[18,130237,20],{},[18,130239,53288],{}," values are correct",[81,130242,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,130244,130246,130247,130249],{"id":130245},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,130248,124737],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,130251,5762,130252,79],{},[18,130253,66478],{},[1499,130255,13328,130257,130259],{"id":130256},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,130258,124737],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,130261,130262],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1499,130264,130266,130267,125078],{"id":130265},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,130268,124737],{},[14,130270,130271],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1499,130273,5794,130275,1233,130277,70277],{"id":130274},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,130276,124737],{},[18,130278,59594],{},[14,130280,130281,3004,130283,130285,130286,53122,130288,79],{},[18,130282,124737],{},[18,130284,66478],{}," if not found, while ",[18,130287,59594],{},[18,130289,1553],{},[1499,130291,28953,130293,130295],{"id":130292},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,130294,124737],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,130297,130298,130299,1233,130301,66777],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,130300,20],{},[18,130302,53288],{},[81,130304,2497],{"id":2496},[389,130306,130307,130313,130319,130326,130332,130339,130343,130348],{},[392,130308,130309],{},[269,130310,126742,130311,11361],{"href":124762},[18,130312,59594],{},[392,130314,130315],{},[269,130316,126742,130317,11361],{"href":129429},[18,130318,61157],{},[392,130320,130321],{},[269,130322,126742,130324,11361],{"href":130323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,130325,124913],{},[392,130327,130328],{},[269,130329,126742,130330,11361],{"href":128107},[18,130331,128110],{},[392,130333,130334],{},[269,130335,126742,130337,11361],{"href":130336},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,130338,126800],{},[392,130340,130341],{},[269,130342,125141],{"href":123997},[392,130344,130345],{},[269,130346,130347],{"href":129425},"How to split a string in Python",[392,130349,130350],{},[269,130351,26746,130352],{"href":74101},[18,130353,129713],{},[2536,130355,130356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":130358},[130359,130361,130364,130365,130366,130367,130369,130370,130371,130383],{"id":128843,"depth":131,"text":130360},"What find() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":130362},[130363],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648},{"id":66030,"depth":131,"text":66813},{"id":124388,"depth":131,"text":124389},{"id":129570,"depth":131,"text":130368},"find() vs index()",{"id":41670,"depth":131,"text":41671},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":130372},[130373,130375,130377,130379,130381],{"id":130245,"depth":138,"text":130374},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130256,"depth":138,"text":130376},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130265,"depth":138,"text":130378},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130274,"depth":138,"text":130380},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130292,"depth":138,"text":130382},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128715,"description":130384},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130391,"title":130392,"body":130393,"description":132319,"extension":2572,"meta":132320,"navigation":134,"path":132321,"seo":132322,"stem":132323,"__hash__":132324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130394,"toc":132287},[130395,130400,130405,130408,130410,130486,130490,130518,130526,130530,130535,130539,130556,130558,130625,130629,130651,130659,130661,130664,130688,130691,130705,130707,130792,130796,130808,130811,130815,130821,130871,130875,130892,130901,130904,130912,130915,130964,130968,130993,130996,131051,131055,131067,131073,131077,131083,131088,131155,131159,131185,131188,131199,131201,131268,131272,131297,131304,131308,131313,131320,131328,131330,131382,131386,131404,131406,131451,131455,131470,131473,131483,131490,131492,131496,131499,131510,131512,131572,131576,131604,131607,131613,131618,131621,131625,131669,131672,131710,131713,131721,131723,131728,131732,131735,131783,131786,131789,131845,131849,131854,131857,131906,131908,131957,131963,131968,131970,132017,132021,132034,132036,132087,132093,132096,132100,132103,132109,132114,132116,132119,132191,132194,132211,132213,132218,132221,132225,132231,132237,132244,132250,132256,132258,132284],[10,130396,123742,130398,11943],{"id":130397},"python-string-format-method",[18,130399,126745],{},[14,130401,123747,130402,130404],{},[18,130403,126745],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130406,130407],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[81,130409,84],{"id":83},[34,130411,130413],{"className":36,"code":130412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,130414,130415,130427,130435,130439,130476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130416,130417,130419,130421,130423,130425],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130418,8494],{"class":49},[43,130420,98],{"class":97},[43,130422,276],{"class":264},[43,130424,12131],{"class":268},[43,130426,3969],{"class":264},[43,130428,130429,130431,130433],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130430,22250],{"class":49},[43,130432,98],{"class":97},[43,130434,89186],{"class":104},[43,130436,130437],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,130438,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,130440,130441,130443,130445,130447,130450,130452,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,130442,90394],{"class":49},[43,130444,98],{"class":97},[43,130446,276],{"class":264},[43,130448,130449],{"class":268},"My name is ",[43,130451,4405],{"class":104},[43,130453,130454],{"class":268}," and I am ",[43,130456,4405],{"class":104},[43,130458,122738],{"class":268},[43,130460,265],{"class":264},[43,130462,79],{"class":53},[43,130464,130465],{"class":148},"format",[43,130467,145],{"class":53},[43,130469,8286],{"class":148},[43,130471,108],{"class":53},[43,130473,9807],{"class":148},[43,130475,346],{"class":53},[43,130477,130478,130480,130482,130484],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,130479,142],{"class":141},[43,130481,145],{"class":53},[43,130483,90411],{"class":148},[43,130485,346],{"class":53},[14,130487,130488],{},[76,130489,349],{},[34,130491,130493],{"className":36,"code":130492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130494,130495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130496,130497,130500,130502,130505,130508,130511,130514,130516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130498,130499],{"class":49},"My name ",[43,130501,12817],{"class":97},[43,130503,130504],{"class":49}," Maya ",[43,130506,130507],{"class":97},"and",[43,130509,130510],{"class":49}," I am ",[43,130512,130513],{"class":104},"12",[43,130515,122771],{"class":49},[43,130517,122774],{"class":53},[14,130519,230,130520,130522,130523,130525],{},[18,130521,4405],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130524,126745],{}," in the same order.",[14,130527,125494,130528,79],{},[269,130529,125497],{"href":51603},[81,130531,13621,130533,13624],{"id":130532},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130534,126745],{},[14,130536,1242,130537,12034],{},[18,130538,126745],{},[389,130540,130541,130544,130550,130553],{},[392,130542,130543],{},"inserts values into a string",[392,130545,130546,130547,130549],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130548,4405],{}," with given values",[392,130551,130552],{},"returns a new string",[392,130554,130555],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130557,494],{},[34,130559,130561],{"className":36,"code":130560,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130562,130563,130577,130600,130604,130615],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130564,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130566,35316],{"class":49},[43,130568,98],{"class":97},[43,130570,276],{"class":264},[43,130572,45528],{"class":268},[43,130574,4405],{"class":104},[43,130576,3969],{"class":264},[43,130578,130579,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130580,130581],{"class":49},"new_text ",[43,130583,98],{"class":97},[43,130585,43467],{"class":49},[43,130587,79],{"class":53},[43,130589,130465],{"class":148},[43,130591,145],{"class":53},[43,130593,265],{"class":264},[43,130595,8295],{"class":268},[43,130597,265],{"class":264},[43,130599,346],{"class":53},[43,130601,130602],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,130603,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,130605,130606,130608,130610,130613],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,130607,142],{"class":141},[43,130609,145],{"class":53},[43,130611,130612],{"class":148},"new_text",[43,130614,346],{"class":53},[43,130616,130617,130619,130621,130623],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,130618,142],{"class":141},[43,130620,145],{"class":53},[43,130622,35337],{"class":148},[43,130624,346],{"class":53},[14,130626,130627],{},[76,130628,349],{},[34,130630,130632],{"className":36,"code":130631,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130633,130634,130643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130635,130636,130638,130640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130637,35496],{"class":49},[43,130639,108],{"class":53},[43,130641,130642],{"class":49}," Sam\n",[43,130644,130645,130647,130649],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130646,35496],{"class":49},[43,130648,108],{"class":53},[43,130650,10457],{"class":53},[14,130652,2893,130653,130655,130656,130658],{},[18,130654,35337],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130657,126745],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[81,130660,2763],{"id":2762},[14,130662,130663],{},"The general form is:",[34,130665,130667],{"className":36,"code":130666,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130668,130669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130670,130671,130673,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130672,265],{"class":43954},[43,130674,130675],{"class":43958},"text {}",[43,130677,265],{"class":43954},[43,130679,79],{"class":53},[43,130681,130465],{"class":148},[43,130683,145],{"class":53},[43,130685,3080],{"class":148},[43,130687,346],{"class":53},[14,130689,130690],{},"Key idea:",[389,130692,130693,130699,130702],{},[392,130694,130695,130696,130698],{},"each ",[18,130697,4405],{}," is a placeholder",[392,130700,130701],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[392,130703,130704],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130706,494],{},[34,130708,130710],{"className":36,"code":130709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130711,130712,130725,130739,130743,130781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130713,130714,130717,130719,130721,130723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130715,130716],{"class":49},"animal ",[43,130718,98],{"class":97},[43,130720,276],{"class":264},[43,130722,37675],{"class":268},[43,130724,3969],{"class":264},[43,130726,130727,130730,130732,130734,130737],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130728,130729],{"class":49},"sound ",[43,130731,98],{"class":97},[43,130733,276],{"class":264},[43,130735,130736],{"class":268},"meow",[43,130738,3969],{"class":264},[43,130740,130741],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,130742,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,130744,130745,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130774,130776,130779],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,130746,130747],{"class":49},"sentence ",[43,130749,98],{"class":97},[43,130751,276],{"class":264},[43,130753,1242],{"class":268},[43,130755,4405],{"class":104},[43,130757,130758],{"class":268}," says ",[43,130760,4405],{"class":104},[43,130762,79],{"class":268},[43,130764,265],{"class":264},[43,130766,79],{"class":53},[43,130768,130465],{"class":148},[43,130770,145],{"class":53},[43,130772,130773],{"class":148},"animal",[43,130775,108],{"class":53},[43,130777,130778],{"class":148}," sound",[43,130780,346],{"class":53},[43,130782,130783,130785,130787,130790],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,130784,142],{"class":141},[43,130786,145],{"class":53},[43,130788,130789],{"class":148},"sentence",[43,130791,346],{"class":53},[14,130793,130794],{},[76,130795,349],{},[34,130797,130799],{"className":36,"code":130798,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130800,130801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130802,130803,130806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130804,130805],{"class":49},"The cat says meow",[43,130807,122774],{"class":53},[14,130809,130810],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[81,130812,130814],{"id":130813},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130816,130817,130818,130820],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130819,4405],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[34,130822,130824],{"className":36,"code":130823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130825,130826],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130827,130828,130830,130832,130834,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130858,130860,130862,130864,130867,130869],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130829,142],{"class":141},[43,130831,145],{"class":53},[43,130833,265],{"class":264},[43,130835,130836],{"class":268},"I like ",[43,130838,4405],{"class":104},[43,130840,1233],{"class":268},[43,130842,4405],{"class":104},[43,130844,79],{"class":268},[43,130846,265],{"class":264},[43,130848,79],{"class":53},[43,130850,130465],{"class":148},[43,130852,145],{"class":53},[43,130854,265],{"class":264},[43,130856,130857],{"class":268},"pizza",[43,130859,265],{"class":264},[43,130861,108],{"class":53},[43,130863,276],{"class":264},[43,130865,130866],{"class":268},"pasta",[43,130868,265],{"class":264},[43,130870,2377],{"class":53},[14,130872,130873],{},[76,130874,349],{},[34,130876,130878],{"className":36,"code":130877,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130879,130880],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130881,130882,130885,130887,130890],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130883,130884],{"class":49},"I like pizza ",[43,130886,130507],{"class":97},[43,130888,130889],{"class":49}," pasta",[43,130891,122774],{"class":53},[14,130893,130894,130895,1233,130898,79],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130896,130897],{},"{0}",[18,130899,130900],{},"{1}",[14,130902,130903],{},"This is helpful when:",[389,130905,130906,130909],{},[392,130907,130908],{},"you want to reuse a value",[392,130910,130911],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130913,130914],{},"Example with reused values:",[34,130916,130918],{"className":36,"code":130917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130919,130920,130954],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130921,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130933,130935,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130923,35316],{"class":49},[43,130925,98],{"class":97},[43,130927,276],{"class":264},[43,130929,130897],{"class":104},[43,130931,130932],{"class":268}," is learning Python. ",[43,130934,130897],{"class":104},[43,130936,130937],{"class":268}," likes coding.",[43,130939,265],{"class":264},[43,130941,79],{"class":53},[43,130943,130465],{"class":148},[43,130945,145],{"class":53},[43,130947,265],{"class":264},[43,130949,20504],{"class":268},[43,130951,265],{"class":264},[43,130953,346],{"class":53},[43,130955,130956,130958,130960,130962],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,130957,142],{"class":141},[43,130959,145],{"class":53},[43,130961,35337],{"class":148},[43,130963,346],{"class":53},[14,130965,130966],{},[76,130967,349],{},[34,130969,130971],{"className":36,"code":130970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130972,130973],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130974,130975,130978,130980,130983,130985,130988,130991],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130976,130977],{"class":49},"Lina ",[43,130979,12817],{"class":97},[43,130981,130982],{"class":49}," learning Python",[43,130984,79],{"class":53},[43,130986,130987],{"class":25373}," Lina",[43,130989,130990],{"class":49}," likes coding",[43,130992,122774],{"class":53},[14,130994,130995],{},"Example with changed order:",[34,130997,130999],{"className":36,"code":130998,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131000,131001,131041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131002,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131004,35316],{"class":49},[43,131006,98],{"class":97},[43,131008,276],{"class":264},[43,131010,130900],{"class":104},[43,131012,83713],{"class":268},[43,131014,130897],{"class":104},[43,131016,79],{"class":268},[43,131018,265],{"class":264},[43,131020,79],{"class":53},[43,131022,130465],{"class":148},[43,131024,145],{"class":53},[43,131026,265],{"class":264},[43,131028,7201],{"class":268},[43,131030,265],{"class":264},[43,131032,108],{"class":53},[43,131034,276],{"class":264},[43,131036,79658],{"class":268},[43,131038,265],{"class":264},[43,131040,346],{"class":53},[43,131042,131043,131045,131047,131049],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131044,142],{"class":141},[43,131046,145],{"class":53},[43,131048,35337],{"class":148},[43,131050,346],{"class":53},[14,131052,131053],{},[76,131054,349],{},[34,131056,131058],{"className":36,"code":131057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"two comes after one.\n",[18,131059,131060],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131061,131062,131065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131063,131064],{"class":49},"two comes after one",[43,131066,122774],{"class":53},[14,131068,131069,131070,131072],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,131071,4405],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[81,131074,131076],{"id":131075},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,131078,131079,131080,79],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,131081,131082],{},"{name}",[14,131084,131085,131086,59],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,131087,126745],{},[34,131089,131091],{"className":36,"code":131090,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131092,131093,131145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131094,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105,131108,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131096,35316],{"class":49},[43,131098,98],{"class":97},[43,131100,276],{"class":264},[43,131102,130449],{"class":268},[43,131104,131082],{"class":104},[43,131106,131107],{"class":268}," and I live in ",[43,131109,131110],{"class":104},"{city}",[43,131112,79],{"class":268},[43,131114,265],{"class":264},[43,131116,79],{"class":53},[43,131118,130465],{"class":148},[43,131120,145],{"class":53},[43,131122,8286],{"class":9794},[43,131124,98],{"class":97},[43,131126,265],{"class":264},[43,131128,13505],{"class":268},[43,131130,265],{"class":264},[43,131132,108],{"class":53},[43,131134,32011],{"class":9794},[43,131136,98],{"class":97},[43,131138,265],{"class":264},[43,131140,16653],{"class":268},[43,131142,265],{"class":264},[43,131144,346],{"class":53},[43,131146,131147,131149,131151,131153],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131148,142],{"class":141},[43,131150,145],{"class":53},[43,131152,35337],{"class":148},[43,131154,346],{"class":53},[14,131156,131157],{},[76,131158,349],{},[34,131160,131162],{"className":36,"code":131161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,131163,131164],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131165,131166,131168,131170,131173,131175,131178,131180,131183],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131167,130499],{"class":49},[43,131169,12817],{"class":97},[43,131171,131172],{"class":49}," Ana ",[43,131174,130507],{"class":97},[43,131176,131177],{"class":49}," I live ",[43,131179,4498],{"class":97},[43,131181,131182],{"class":49}," Lima",[43,131184,122774],{"class":53},[14,131186,131187],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[389,131189,131190,131193,131196],{},[392,131191,131192],{},"they make code easier to read",[392,131194,131195],{},"they help when a string has many values",[392,131197,131198],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,131200,494],{},[34,131202,131204],{"className":36,"code":131203,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,131205,131206,131258],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131207,131208,131211,131213,131215,131218,131221,131224,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131244,131246,131248,131251,131253,131256],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131209,131210],{"class":49},"report ",[43,131212,98],{"class":97},[43,131214,276],{"class":264},[43,131216,131217],{"class":268},"Student: ",[43,131219,131220],{"class":104},"{student}",[43,131222,131223],{"class":268},", Score: ",[43,131225,131226],{"class":104},"{score}",[43,131228,265],{"class":264},[43,131230,79],{"class":53},[43,131232,130465],{"class":148},[43,131234,145],{"class":53},[43,131236,14251],{"class":9794},[43,131238,98],{"class":97},[43,131240,265],{"class":264},[43,131242,131243],{"class":268},"Noah",[43,131245,265],{"class":264},[43,131247,108],{"class":53},[43,131249,131250],{"class":9794}," score",[43,131252,98],{"class":97},[43,131254,131255],{"class":104},"95",[43,131257,346],{"class":53},[43,131259,131260,131262,131264,131266],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131261,142],{"class":141},[43,131263,145],{"class":53},[43,131265,128455],{"class":148},[43,131267,346],{"class":53},[14,131269,131270],{},[76,131271,349],{},[34,131273,131275],{"className":36,"code":131274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,131276,131277],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131278,131279,131282,131284,131287,131289,131292,131294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131280,131281],{"class":49},"Student",[43,131283,59],{"class":53},[43,131285,131286],{"class":49}," Noah",[43,131288,108],{"class":53},[43,131290,131291],{"class":49}," Score",[43,131293,59],{"class":53},[43,131295,131296],{"class":104}," 95\n",[14,131298,131299,131300,79],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[269,131301,4187,131302,4120],{"href":42801},[18,131303,48311],{},[81,131305,131307],{"id":131306},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,131309,131310,131312],{},[18,131311,126745],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131314,131315,131316,131319],{},"A common example is ",[18,131317,131318],{},":.2f",", which means:",[389,131321,131322,131325],{},[392,131323,131324],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[392,131326,131327],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131329,494],{},[34,131331,131333],{"className":36,"code":131332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,131334,131335,131343,131372],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131336,131337,131339,131341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131338,41014],{"class":49},[43,131340,98],{"class":97},[43,131342,49904],{"class":104},[43,131344,131345,131347,131349,131351,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131346,35316],{"class":49},[43,131348,98],{"class":97},[43,131350,276],{"class":264},[43,131352,131353],{"class":268},"Price: $",[43,131355,9897],{"class":104},[43,131357,131318],{"class":2671},[43,131359,22925],{"class":104},[43,131361,265],{"class":264},[43,131363,79],{"class":53},[43,131365,130465],{"class":148},[43,131367,145],{"class":53},[43,131369,25773],{"class":148},[43,131371,346],{"class":53},[43,131373,131374,131376,131378,131380],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,131375,142],{"class":141},[43,131377,145],{"class":53},[43,131379,35337],{"class":148},[43,131381,346],{"class":53},[14,131383,131384],{},[76,131385,349],{},[34,131387,131389],{"className":36,"code":131388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,131390,131391],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131392,131393,131396,131398,131401],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131394,131395],{"class":49},"Price",[43,131397,59],{"class":53},[43,131399,131400],{"class":37994}," $",[43,131402,131403],{"class":104},"3.50\n",[14,131405,52707],{},[34,131407,131409],{"className":36,"code":131408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,131410,131411,131421],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131412,131413,131416,131418],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131414,131415],{"class":49},"average ",[43,131417,98],{"class":97},[43,131419,131420],{"class":104}," 91.236\n",[43,131422,131423,131425,131427,131429,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131449],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131424,142],{"class":141},[43,131426,145],{"class":53},[43,131428,265],{"class":264},[43,131430,131431],{"class":268},"Average: ",[43,131433,9897],{"class":104},[43,131435,131318],{"class":2671},[43,131437,22925],{"class":104},[43,131439,265],{"class":264},[43,131441,79],{"class":53},[43,131443,130465],{"class":148},[43,131445,145],{"class":53},[43,131447,131448],{"class":148},"average",[43,131450,2377],{"class":53},[14,131452,131453],{},[76,131454,349],{},[34,131456,131458],{"className":36,"code":131457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131459,131460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131461,131462,131465,131467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131463,131464],{"class":49},"Average",[43,131466,59],{"class":53},[43,131468,131469],{"class":104}," 91.24\n",[14,131471,131472],{},"This is useful for:",[389,131474,131475,131477,131480],{},[392,131476,83471],{},[392,131478,131479],{},"averages",[392,131481,131482],{},"percentages",[14,131484,131485,131486,79],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[269,131487,4187,131488,2910],{"href":47076},[18,131489,47079],{},[81,131491,18040],{"id":18039},[14,131493,131494,92908],{},[18,131495,126745],{},[14,131497,131498],{},"That means you can:",[389,131500,131501,131504,131507],{},[392,131502,131503],{},"save it in a variable",[392,131505,131506],{},"print it directly",[392,131508,131509],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131511,494],{},[34,131513,131515],{"className":36,"code":131514,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131516,131517,131548,131558],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131518,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131544,131546],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131520,90394],{"class":49},[43,131522,98],{"class":97},[43,131524,276],{"class":264},[43,131526,45528],{"class":268},[43,131528,4405],{"class":104},[43,131530,90235],{"class":268},[43,131532,265],{"class":264},[43,131534,79],{"class":53},[43,131536,130465],{"class":148},[43,131538,145],{"class":53},[43,131540,265],{"class":264},[43,131542,131543],{"class":268},"Chris",[43,131545,265],{"class":264},[43,131547,346],{"class":53},[43,131549,131550,131552,131554,131556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131551,142],{"class":141},[43,131553,145],{"class":53},[43,131555,90411],{"class":148},[43,131557,346],{"class":53},[43,131559,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,131561,142],{"class":141},[43,131563,145],{"class":53},[43,131565,3832],{"class":3510},[43,131567,145],{"class":53},[43,131569,90411],{"class":148},[43,131571,2377],{"class":53},[14,131573,131574],{},[76,131575,349],{},[34,131577,131579],{"className":36,"code":131578,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131580,131581,131590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131582,131583,131585,131587],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131584,35496],{"class":49},[43,131586,108],{"class":53},[43,131588,131589],{"class":49}," Chris!\n",[43,131591,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131593,3901],{"class":97},[43,131595,3904],{"class":2671},[43,131597,370],{"class":264},[43,131599,4054],{"class":268},[43,131601,361],{"class":264},[43,131603,3913],{"class":97},[14,131605,131606],{},"The original string is not changed.",[81,131608,131610,131612],{"id":131609},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131611,126745],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131614,131615,131617],{},[18,131616,126745],{}," is a string method.",[14,131619,131620],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131622,46667,131623,59],{},[18,131624,126745],{},[34,131626,131628],{"className":36,"code":131627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131629,131630,131643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131631,131632,131634,131636,131638,131641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131633,8494],{"class":49},[43,131635,98],{"class":97},[43,131637,276],{"class":264},[43,131639,131640],{"class":268},"Rita",[43,131642,3969],{"class":264},[43,131644,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131646,142],{"class":141},[43,131648,145],{"class":53},[43,131650,265],{"class":264},[43,131652,45528],{"class":268},[43,131654,4405],{"class":104},[43,131656,90235],{"class":268},[43,131658,265],{"class":264},[43,131660,79],{"class":53},[43,131662,130465],{"class":148},[43,131664,145],{"class":53},[43,131666,8286],{"class":148},[43,131668,2377],{"class":53},[14,131670,131671],{},"Example with an f-string:",[34,131673,131675],{"className":36,"code":131674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131676,131677,131689],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131678,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131680,8494],{"class":49},[43,131682,98],{"class":97},[43,131684,276],{"class":264},[43,131686,131640],{"class":268},[43,131688,3969],{"class":264},[43,131690,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131708],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131692,142],{"class":141},[43,131694,145],{"class":53},[43,131696,22916],{"class":2671},[43,131698,43972],{"class":268},[43,131700,9897],{"class":104},[43,131702,8286],{"class":148},[43,131704,22925],{"class":104},[43,131706,131707],{"class":268},"!\"",[43,131709,346],{"class":53},[14,131711,131712],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131714,131715,131716,131718,131719,79],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131717,126745],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[269,131720,90080],{"href":90079},[81,131722,3438],{"id":3437},[14,131724,131725,131726,79],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131727,126745],{},[1499,131729,131731],{"id":131730},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131733,131734],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[34,131736,131738],{"className":36,"code":131737,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131739,131740,131773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131741,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131743,35316],{"class":49},[43,131745,98],{"class":97},[43,131747,276],{"class":264},[43,131749,45528],{"class":268},[43,131751,4405],{"class":104},[43,131753,131754],{"class":104}," {}",[43,131756,90235],{"class":268},[43,131758,265],{"class":264},[43,131760,79],{"class":53},[43,131762,130465],{"class":148},[43,131764,145],{"class":53},[43,131766,265],{"class":264},[43,131768,8295],{"class":268},[43,131770,265],{"class":264},[43,131772,346],{"class":53},[43,131774,131775,131777,131779,131781],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131776,142],{"class":141},[43,131778,145],{"class":53},[43,131780,35337],{"class":148},[43,131782,346],{"class":53},[14,131784,131785],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131787,131788],{},"Fixed version:",[34,131790,131792],{"className":36,"code":131791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131793,131794,131835],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131795,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131831,131833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131797,35316],{"class":49},[43,131799,98],{"class":97},[43,131801,276],{"class":264},[43,131803,45528],{"class":268},[43,131805,4405],{"class":104},[43,131807,131754],{"class":104},[43,131809,90235],{"class":268},[43,131811,265],{"class":264},[43,131813,79],{"class":53},[43,131815,130465],{"class":148},[43,131817,145],{"class":53},[43,131819,265],{"class":264},[43,131821,8295],{"class":268},[43,131823,265],{"class":264},[43,131825,108],{"class":53},[43,131827,276],{"class":264},[43,131829,131830],{"class":268},"Lee",[43,131832,265],{"class":264},[43,131834,346],{"class":53},[43,131836,131837,131839,131841,131843],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131838,142],{"class":141},[43,131840,145],{"class":53},[43,131842,35337],{"class":148},[43,131844,346],{"class":53},[1499,131846,131848],{"id":131847},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131850,131851,131852,79],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131853,126745],{},[14,131855,131856],{},"Problem:",[34,131858,131860],{"className":36,"code":131859,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131861,131862,131896],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131863,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131865,35316],{"class":49},[43,131867,98],{"class":97},[43,131869,276],{"class":264},[43,131871,45528],{"class":268},[43,131873,131082],{"class":104},[43,131875,90235],{"class":268},[43,131877,265],{"class":264},[43,131879,79],{"class":53},[43,131881,130465],{"class":148},[43,131883,145],{"class":53},[43,131885,8603],{"class":9794},[43,131887,98],{"class":97},[43,131889,265],{"class":264},[43,131891,8295],{"class":268},[43,131893,265],{"class":264},[43,131895,346],{"class":53},[43,131897,131898,131900,131902,131904],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131899,142],{"class":141},[43,131901,145],{"class":53},[43,131903,35337],{"class":148},[43,131905,346],{"class":53},[14,131907,131788],{},[34,131909,131911],{"className":36,"code":131910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131912,131913,131947],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131914,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131916,35316],{"class":49},[43,131918,98],{"class":97},[43,131920,276],{"class":264},[43,131922,45528],{"class":268},[43,131924,131082],{"class":104},[43,131926,90235],{"class":268},[43,131928,265],{"class":264},[43,131930,79],{"class":53},[43,131932,130465],{"class":148},[43,131934,145],{"class":53},[43,131936,8286],{"class":9794},[43,131938,98],{"class":97},[43,131940,265],{"class":264},[43,131942,8295],{"class":268},[43,131944,265],{"class":264},[43,131946,346],{"class":53},[43,131948,131949,131951,131953,131955],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131950,142],{"class":141},[43,131952,145],{"class":53},[43,131954,35337],{"class":148},[43,131956,346],{"class":53},[1499,131958,9071,131960,131962],{"id":131959},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131961,126745],{}," to change the original string",[14,131964,131965,131967],{},[18,131966,126745],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131969,131856],{},[34,131971,131973],{"className":36,"code":131972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131974,131975,131989,132007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131976,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131978,35316],{"class":49},[43,131980,98],{"class":97},[43,131982,276],{"class":264},[43,131984,45528],{"class":268},[43,131986,4405],{"class":104},[43,131988,3969],{"class":264},[43,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,131992,35337],{"class":49},[43,131994,79],{"class":53},[43,131996,130465],{"class":148},[43,131998,145],{"class":53},[43,132000,265],{"class":264},[43,132002,8295],{"class":268},[43,132004,265],{"class":264},[43,132006,346],{"class":53},[43,132008,132009,132011,132013,132015],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132010,142],{"class":141},[43,132012,145],{"class":53},[43,132014,35337],{"class":148},[43,132016,346],{"class":53},[14,132018,132019],{},[76,132020,349],{},[34,132022,132024],{"className":36,"code":132023,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, {}\n",[18,132025,132026],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132027,132028,132030,132032],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132029,35496],{"class":49},[43,132031,108],{"class":53},[43,132033,10457],{"class":53},[14,132035,131788],{},[34,132037,132039],{"className":36,"code":132038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,132040,132041,132055,132077],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132042,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132044,35316],{"class":49},[43,132046,98],{"class":97},[43,132048,276],{"class":264},[43,132050,45528],{"class":268},[43,132052,4405],{"class":104},[43,132054,3969],{"class":264},[43,132056,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132058,35316],{"class":49},[43,132060,98],{"class":97},[43,132062,43467],{"class":49},[43,132064,79],{"class":53},[43,132066,130465],{"class":148},[43,132068,145],{"class":53},[43,132070,265],{"class":264},[43,132072,8295],{"class":268},[43,132074,265],{"class":264},[43,132076,346],{"class":53},[43,132078,132079,132081,132083,132085],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132080,142],{"class":141},[43,132082,145],{"class":53},[43,132084,35337],{"class":148},[43,132086,346],{"class":53},[1499,132088,1849,132090,132092],{"id":132089},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,132091,126745],{}," returns a new string",[14,132094,132095],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1499,132097,132099],{"id":132098},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,132101,132102],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,132104,132105,132106,132108],{},"Use simple ",[18,132107,4405],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,132110,132111,132112,79],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[269,132113,90793],{"href":90792},[81,132115,68519],{"id":68518},[14,132117,132118],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[34,132120,132122],{"className":36,"code":132121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,132123,132124,132134,132148,132177],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132125,132126,132128,132130,132132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132127,142],{"class":141},[43,132129,145],{"class":53},[43,132131,35337],{"class":148},[43,132133,346],{"class":53},[43,132135,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132137,142],{"class":141},[43,132139,145],{"class":53},[43,132141,3832],{"class":3510},[43,132143,145],{"class":53},[43,132145,3080],{"class":148},[43,132147,2377],{"class":53},[43,132149,132150,132152,132154,132156,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132151,142],{"class":141},[43,132153,145],{"class":53},[43,132155,265],{"class":264},[43,132157,132158],{"class":268},"Hello ",[43,132160,4405],{"class":104},[43,132162,265],{"class":264},[43,132164,79],{"class":53},[43,132166,130465],{"class":148},[43,132168,145],{"class":53},[43,132170,265],{"class":264},[43,132172,8295],{"class":268},[43,132174,265],{"class":264},[43,132176,2377],{"class":53},[43,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,132180,32779],{"class":141},[43,132182,145],{"class":53},[43,132184,4054],{"class":3510},[43,132186,79],{"class":53},[43,132188,130465],{"class":25373},[43,132190,346],{"class":53},[14,132192,132193],{},"Use them to check:",[389,132195,132196,132199,132202,132205],{},[392,132197,132198],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[392,132200,132201],{},"what type your value has",[392,132203,132204],{},"whether a small test example works",[392,132206,132207,132208],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,132209,132210],{},"str.format",[81,132212,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,132214,130246,132216,13340],{"id":132215},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,132217,126745],{},[14,132219,132220],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1499,132222,132224],{"id":132223},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,132226,132227,132228,132230],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,132229,4405],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1499,132232,132234,132235,2490],{"id":132233},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,132236,126745],{},[14,132238,132239,132240,132243],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,132241,132242],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1499,132245,15527,132247,132249],{"id":132246},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,132248,126745],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,132251,132252,132253,132255],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,132254,126745],{}," is still useful and common.",[81,132257,2497],{"id":2496},[389,132259,132260,132264,132268,132274,132280],{},[392,132261,132262],{},[269,132263,125497],{"href":51603},[392,132265,132266],{},[269,132267,91070],{"href":90079},[392,132269,132270],{},[269,132271,4187,132272,4120],{"href":47076},[18,132273,47079],{},[392,132275,132276],{},[269,132277,4187,132278,4120],{"href":42801},[18,132279,48311],{},[392,132281,132282],{},[269,132283,90793],{"href":90792},[2536,132285,132286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":132288},[132289,132290,132292,132293,132294,132295,132296,132297,132299,132308,132309,132318],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":130532,"depth":131,"text":132291},"What the format() method does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":130813,"depth":131,"text":130814},{"id":131075,"depth":131,"text":131076},{"id":131306,"depth":131,"text":131307},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":131609,"depth":131,"text":132298},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":132300},[132301,132302,132303,132305,132307],{"id":131730,"depth":138,"text":131731},{"id":131847,"depth":138,"text":131848},{"id":131959,"depth":138,"text":132304},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132089,"depth":138,"text":132306},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132098,"depth":138,"text":132099},{"id":68518,"depth":131,"text":68519},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":132310},[132311,132313,132314,132316],{"id":132215,"depth":138,"text":132312},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132223,"depth":138,"text":132224},{"id":132233,"depth":138,"text":132315},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132246,"depth":138,"text":132317},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130392,"description":132319},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132326,"title":132327,"body":132328,"description":133808,"extension":2572,"meta":133809,"navigation":134,"path":133810,"seo":133811,"stem":133812,"__hash__":133813},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132329,"toc":133780},[132330,132335,132340,132345,132347,132409,132416,132422,132427,132429,132445,132447,132518,132520,132534,132537,132587,132589,132591,132618,132621,132636,132639,132680,132683,132728,132735,132784,132786,132794,132796,132814,132816,132909,132917,132958,132963,132970,132976,132983,132986,132990,133091,133093,133115,133119,133172,133175,133178,133184,133191,133193,133232,133234,133252,133262,133269,133352,133355,133362,133369,133376,133380,133388,133434,133438,133447,133512,133517,133522,133533,133535,133540,133567,133569,133672,133675,133695,133697,133702,133705,133709,133713,133720,133729,133735,133738,133744,133746,133748,133777],[10,132331,123742,132333,11943],{"id":132332},"python-string-index-method",[18,132334,59594],{},[14,132336,123747,132337,132339],{},[18,132338,59594],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132341,132342,132343,79],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,132344,1553],{},[81,132346,84],{"id":83},[34,132348,132350],{"className":36,"code":132349,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,132351,132352,132364,132386,132396,132400,132404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132353,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132355,35316],{"class":49},[43,132357,98],{"class":97},[43,132359,276],{"class":264},[43,132361,61033],{"class":268},[43,132363,3969],{"class":264},[43,132365,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132367,65545],{"class":49},[43,132369,98],{"class":97},[43,132371,43467],{"class":49},[43,132373,79],{"class":53},[43,132375,36476],{"class":148},[43,132377,145],{"class":53},[43,132379,265],{"class":264},[43,132381,61217],{"class":268},[43,132383,265],{"class":264},[43,132385,346],{"class":53},[43,132387,132388,132390,132392,132394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132389,142],{"class":141},[43,132391,145],{"class":53},[43,132393,65572],{"class":148},[43,132395,346],{"class":53},[43,132397,132398],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,132399,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,132401,132402],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,132403,91211],{"class":165},[43,132405,132406],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,132407,132408],{"class":165},"# 6\n",[14,132410,230,132411,132413,132414,79],{},[18,132412,59594],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,132415,1553],{},[81,132417,4289,132419,4292],{"id":132418},"what-strindex-does",[18,132420,132421],{},"str.index()",[14,132423,132424,132426],{},[18,132425,132421],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132428,387],{},[389,132430,132431,132434,132437,132440],{},[392,132432,132433],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[392,132435,132436],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[392,132438,132439],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[392,132441,30919,132442,132444],{},[18,132443,1553],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132446,494],{},[34,132448,132450],{"className":36,"code":132449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132451,132452,132464,132468,132493],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132453,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132455,35316],{"class":49},[43,132457,98],{"class":97},[43,132459,276],{"class":264},[43,132461,4703],{"class":268},[43,132463,3969],{"class":264},[43,132465,132466],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132467,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,132469,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132471,142],{"class":141},[43,132473,145],{"class":53},[43,132475,35337],{"class":148},[43,132477,79],{"class":53},[43,132479,36476],{"class":148},[43,132481,145],{"class":53},[43,132483,265],{"class":264},[43,132485,269],{"class":268},[43,132487,265],{"class":264},[43,132489,5977],{"class":53},[43,132491,132492],{"class":165},"     # 1\n",[43,132494,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,132496,142],{"class":141},[43,132498,145],{"class":53},[43,132500,35337],{"class":148},[43,132502,79],{"class":53},[43,132504,36476],{"class":148},[43,132506,145],{"class":53},[43,132508,265],{"class":264},[43,132510,123835],{"class":268},[43,132512,265],{"class":264},[43,132514,5977],{"class":53},[43,132516,132517],{"class":165},"    # 2\n",[14,132519,2785],{},[389,132521,132522,132528],{},[392,132523,132524,128955,132526],{},[18,132525,18718],{},[18,132527,154],{},[392,132529,132530,128955,132532],{},[18,132531,128954],{},[18,132533,201],{},[14,132535,132536],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[34,132538,132540],{"className":36,"code":132539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132541,132542,132554,132558,132582],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132545,35316],{"class":49},[43,132547,98],{"class":97},[43,132549,276],{"class":264},[43,132551,35496],{"class":268},[43,132553,3969],{"class":264},[43,132555,132556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132557,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,132559,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132561,142],{"class":141},[43,132563,145],{"class":53},[43,132565,35337],{"class":148},[43,132567,79],{"class":53},[43,132569,36476],{"class":148},[43,132571,145],{"class":53},[43,132573,265],{"class":264},[43,132575,51818],{"class":268},[43,132577,265],{"class":264},[43,132579,5977],{"class":53},[43,132581,21389],{"class":165},[43,132583,132584],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,132585,132586],{"class":165},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[81,132588,2763],{"id":2762},[14,132590,2766],{},[34,132592,132594],{"className":36,"code":132593,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132595,132596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132597,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132599,61799],{"class":49},[43,132601,79],{"class":53},[43,132603,36476],{"class":148},[43,132605,145],{"class":53},[43,132607,3080],{"class":148},[43,132609,108],{"class":53},[43,132611,36682],{"class":148},[43,132613,108],{"class":53},[43,132615,65666],{"class":148},[43,132617,346],{"class":53},[14,132619,132620],{},"Parameters:",[389,132622,132623,132627,132631],{},[392,132624,132625,123934],{},[18,132626,3080],{},[392,132628,132629,129001],{},[18,132630,20],{},[392,132632,132633,132635],{},[18,132634,53288],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132637,132638],{},"You can use just the value:",[34,132640,132642],{"className":36,"code":132641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132643,132644,132656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132645,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132647,35316],{"class":49},[43,132649,98],{"class":97},[43,132651,276],{"class":264},[43,132653,38],{"class":268},[43,132655,3969],{"class":264},[43,132657,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132659,142],{"class":141},[43,132661,145],{"class":53},[43,132663,35337],{"class":148},[43,132665,79],{"class":53},[43,132667,36476],{"class":148},[43,132669,145],{"class":53},[43,132671,265],{"class":264},[43,132673,63912],{"class":268},[43,132675,265],{"class":264},[43,132677,5977],{"class":53},[43,132679,52042],{"class":165},[14,132681,132682],{},"Or include a start position:",[34,132684,132686],{"className":36,"code":132685,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132687,132688,132700],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132689,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132691,35316],{"class":49},[43,132693,98],{"class":97},[43,132695,276],{"class":264},[43,132697,4703],{"class":268},[43,132699,3969],{"class":264},[43,132701,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132703,142],{"class":141},[43,132705,145],{"class":53},[43,132707,35337],{"class":148},[43,132709,79],{"class":53},[43,132711,36476],{"class":148},[43,132713,145],{"class":53},[43,132715,265],{"class":264},[43,132717,269],{"class":268},[43,132719,265],{"class":264},[43,132721,108],{"class":53},[43,132723,1525],{"class":104},[43,132725,5977],{"class":53},[43,132727,51399],{"class":165},[14,132729,132730,132731,1233,132733,59],{},"Or include both ",[18,132732,20],{},[18,132734,53288],{},[34,132736,132738],{"className":36,"code":132737,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132739,132740,132752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132741,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132743,35316],{"class":49},[43,132745,98],{"class":97},[43,132747,276],{"class":264},[43,132749,4703],{"class":268},[43,132751,3969],{"class":264},[43,132753,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132755,142],{"class":141},[43,132757,145],{"class":53},[43,132759,35337],{"class":148},[43,132761,79],{"class":53},[43,132763,36476],{"class":148},[43,132765,145],{"class":53},[43,132767,265],{"class":264},[43,132769,269],{"class":268},[43,132771,265],{"class":264},[43,132773,108],{"class":53},[43,132775,1525],{"class":104},[43,132777,108],{"class":53},[43,132779,5221],{"class":104},[43,132781,5977],{"class":53},[43,132783,51399],{"class":165},[81,132785,38648],{"id":38647},[14,132787,29333,132788,132790,132791,79],{},[18,132789,59594],{}," is a ",[76,132792,132793],{},"zero-based index",[14,132795,2713],{},[389,132797,132798,132804,132809],{},[392,132799,132800,132801,132803],{},"Index ",[18,132802,1277],{}," is the first character",[392,132805,132800,132806,132808],{},[18,132807,154],{}," is the second character",[392,132810,132800,132811,132813],{},[18,132812,201],{}," is the third character",[14,132815,494],{},[34,132817,132819],{"className":36,"code":132818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132820,132821,132833,132837,132861,132885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132822,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132824,35316],{"class":49},[43,132826,98],{"class":97},[43,132828,276],{"class":264},[43,132830,37675],{"class":268},[43,132832,3969],{"class":264},[43,132834,132835],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132836,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,132838,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,132840,142],{"class":141},[43,132842,145],{"class":53},[43,132844,35337],{"class":148},[43,132846,79],{"class":53},[43,132848,36476],{"class":148},[43,132850,145],{"class":53},[43,132852,265],{"class":264},[43,132854,288],{"class":268},[43,132856,265],{"class":264},[43,132858,5977],{"class":53},[43,132860,51874],{"class":165},[43,132862,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,132864,142],{"class":141},[43,132866,145],{"class":53},[43,132868,35337],{"class":148},[43,132870,79],{"class":53},[43,132872,36476],{"class":148},[43,132874,145],{"class":53},[43,132876,265],{"class":264},[43,132878,269],{"class":268},[43,132880,265],{"class":264},[43,132882,5977],{"class":53},[43,132884,28404],{"class":165},[43,132886,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,132888,142],{"class":141},[43,132890,145],{"class":53},[43,132892,35337],{"class":148},[43,132894,79],{"class":53},[43,132896,36476],{"class":148},[43,132898,145],{"class":53},[43,132900,265],{"class":264},[43,132902,63912],{"class":268},[43,132904,265],{"class":264},[43,132906,5977],{"class":53},[43,132908,52042],{"class":165},[14,132910,132911,132913,132914,132916],{},[18,132912,59594],{}," returns only the ",[76,132915,30534],{}," matching position.",[34,132918,132920],{"className":36,"code":132919,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132921,132922,132934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132923,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132925,35316],{"class":49},[43,132927,98],{"class":97},[43,132929,276],{"class":264},[43,132931,4703],{"class":268},[43,132933,3969],{"class":264},[43,132935,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,132937,142],{"class":141},[43,132939,145],{"class":53},[43,132941,35337],{"class":148},[43,132943,79],{"class":53},[43,132945,36476],{"class":148},[43,132947,145],{"class":53},[43,132949,265],{"class":264},[43,132951,269],{"class":268},[43,132953,265],{"class":264},[43,132955,5977],{"class":53},[43,132957,28404],{"class":165},[14,132959,21599,132960,132962],{},[18,132961,18718],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132964,132965,132966,79],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[269,132967,132968,11361],{"href":125192},[18,132969,59216],{},[81,132971,2445,132972,1233,132974],{"id":66030},[18,132973,20],{},[18,132975,53288],{},[14,132977,1242,132978,1233,132980,132982],{},[18,132979,20],{},[18,132981,53288],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132984,132985],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132987,46667,132988,59],{},[18,132989,20],{},[34,132991,132993],{"className":36,"code":132992,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132994,132995,133007,133011,133035,133063],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132996,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132998,35316],{"class":49},[43,133000,98],{"class":97},[43,133002,276],{"class":264},[43,133004,4703],{"class":268},[43,133006,3969],{"class":264},[43,133008,133009],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133010,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,133012,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133014,142],{"class":141},[43,133016,145],{"class":53},[43,133018,35337],{"class":148},[43,133020,79],{"class":53},[43,133022,36476],{"class":148},[43,133024,145],{"class":53},[43,133026,265],{"class":264},[43,133028,269],{"class":268},[43,133030,265],{"class":264},[43,133032,5977],{"class":53},[43,133034,51747],{"class":165},[43,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,133038,142],{"class":141},[43,133040,145],{"class":53},[43,133042,35337],{"class":148},[43,133044,79],{"class":53},[43,133046,36476],{"class":148},[43,133048,145],{"class":53},[43,133050,265],{"class":264},[43,133052,269],{"class":268},[43,133054,265],{"class":264},[43,133056,108],{"class":53},[43,133058,1525],{"class":104},[43,133060,5977],{"class":53},[43,133062,51597],{"class":165},[43,133064,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,133066,142],{"class":141},[43,133068,145],{"class":53},[43,133070,35337],{"class":148},[43,133072,79],{"class":53},[43,133074,36476],{"class":148},[43,133076,145],{"class":53},[43,133078,265],{"class":264},[43,133080,269],{"class":268},[43,133082,265],{"class":264},[43,133084,108],{"class":53},[43,133086,3064],{"class":104},[43,133088,5977],{"class":53},[43,133090,51382],{"class":165},[14,133092,20579],{},[389,133094,133095,133102,133108],{},[392,133096,133097,133098,66220,133100],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,133099,18718],{},[18,133101,154],{},[392,133103,133104,133105,133107],{},"Starting at index ",[18,133106,201],{}," skips that first match",[392,133109,133104,133110,133112,133113],{},[18,133111,159],{}," finds the last ",[18,133114,18718],{},[14,133116,46667,133117,59],{},[18,133118,53288],{},[34,133120,133122],{"className":36,"code":133121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,133123,133124,133136,133140],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133125,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133127,35316],{"class":49},[43,133129,98],{"class":97},[43,133131,276],{"class":264},[43,133133,4703],{"class":268},[43,133135,3969],{"class":264},[43,133137,133138],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133139,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,133141,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133143,142],{"class":141},[43,133145,145],{"class":53},[43,133147,35337],{"class":148},[43,133149,79],{"class":53},[43,133151,36476],{"class":148},[43,133153,145],{"class":53},[43,133155,265],{"class":264},[43,133157,703],{"class":268},[43,133159,265],{"class":264},[43,133161,108],{"class":53},[43,133163,4447],{"class":104},[43,133165,108],{"class":53},[43,133167,3064],{"class":104},[43,133169,5977],{"class":53},[43,133171,52042],{"class":165},[14,133173,133174],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,133176,133177],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[81,133179,44839,133181,133183],{"id":133180},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,133182,59594],{}," causes an error",[14,133185,133186,133187,53122,133189,79],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,133188,59594],{},[18,133190,1553],{},[14,133192,494],{},[34,133194,133196],{"className":36,"code":133195,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,133197,133198,133210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133199,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133201,35316],{"class":49},[43,133203,98],{"class":97},[43,133205,276],{"class":264},[43,133207,4459],{"class":268},[43,133209,3969],{"class":264},[43,133211,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133213,142],{"class":141},[43,133215,145],{"class":53},[43,133217,35337],{"class":148},[43,133219,79],{"class":53},[43,133221,36476],{"class":148},[43,133223,145],{"class":53},[43,133225,265],{"class":264},[43,133227,22699],{"class":268},[43,133229,265],{"class":264},[43,133231,2377],{"class":53},[14,133233,349],{},[34,133235,133237],{"className":36,"code":133236,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,133238,133239],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133240,133241,133243,133245,133248,133250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133242,1553],{"class":3510},[43,133244,59],{"class":53},[43,133246,133247],{"class":49}," substring ",[43,133249,1957],{"class":97},[43,133251,66453],{"class":49},[14,133253,53969,133254,126708,133259,133261],{},[269,133255,133256],{"href":130386},[18,133257,133258],{},"str.find()",[18,133260,66478],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,133263,133264,133265,1233,133267,59],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,133266,30429],{},[18,133268,30460],{},[34,133270,133272],{"className":36,"code":133271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,133273,133274,133286,133290,133296,133319,133329,133337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133275,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133277,35316],{"class":49},[43,133279,98],{"class":97},[43,133281,276],{"class":264},[43,133283,4459],{"class":268},[43,133285,3969],{"class":264},[43,133287,133288],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133289,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,133291,133292,133294],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133293,30429],{"class":4491},[43,133295,7009],{"class":53},[43,133297,133298,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,133299,133300],{"class":49},"    position ",[43,133302,98],{"class":97},[43,133304,43467],{"class":49},[43,133306,79],{"class":53},[43,133308,36476],{"class":148},[43,133310,145],{"class":53},[43,133312,265],{"class":264},[43,133314,22699],{"class":268},[43,133316,265],{"class":264},[43,133318,346],{"class":53},[43,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,133322,8687],{"class":141},[43,133324,145],{"class":53},[43,133326,65572],{"class":148},[43,133328,346],{"class":53},[43,133330,133331,133333,133335],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,133332,30460],{"class":4491},[43,133334,42552],{"class":3510},[43,133336,7009],{"class":53},[43,133338,133339,133341,133343,133345,133348,133350],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,133340,8687],{"class":141},[43,133342,145],{"class":53},[43,133344,265],{"class":264},[43,133346,133347],{"class":268},"Substring not found",[43,133349,265],{"class":264},[43,133351,346],{"class":53},[14,133353,133354],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133356,42572,133357,79],{},[269,133358,26303,133360],{"href":133359},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,133361,129713],{},[81,133363,133365,11205,133367],{"id":133364},"index-vs-find",[18,133366,59594],{},[18,133368,124737],{},[14,133370,133371,1233,133373,133375],{},[18,133372,59594],{},[18,133374,124737],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1499,133377,133378],{"id":36476},[18,133379,59594],{},[389,133381,133382,133385],{},[392,133383,133384],{},"Returns the first match position",[392,133386,133387],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[34,133389,133391],{"className":36,"code":133390,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,133392,133393,133405,133429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133394,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133396,35316],{"class":49},[43,133398,98],{"class":97},[43,133400,276],{"class":264},[43,133402,4459],{"class":268},[43,133404,3969],{"class":264},[43,133406,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133408,142],{"class":141},[43,133410,145],{"class":53},[43,133412,35337],{"class":148},[43,133414,79],{"class":53},[43,133416,36476],{"class":148},[43,133418,145],{"class":53},[43,133420,265],{"class":264},[43,133422,306],{"class":268},[43,133424,265],{"class":264},[43,133426,5977],{"class":53},[43,133428,28404],{"class":165},[43,133430,133431],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133432,133433],{"class":165},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1499,133435,133436],{"id":128767},[18,133437,124737],{},[389,133439,133440,133442],{},[392,133441,133384],{},[392,133443,12045,133444,133446],{},[18,133445,66478],{}," if nothing is found",[34,133448,133450],{"className":36,"code":133449,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133451,133452,133464,133488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133453,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133455,35316],{"class":49},[43,133457,98],{"class":97},[43,133459,276],{"class":264},[43,133461,4459],{"class":268},[43,133463,3969],{"class":264},[43,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133467,142],{"class":141},[43,133469,145],{"class":53},[43,133471,35337],{"class":148},[43,133473,79],{"class":53},[43,133475,128767],{"class":148},[43,133477,145],{"class":53},[43,133479,265],{"class":264},[43,133481,306],{"class":268},[43,133483,265],{"class":264},[43,133485,5977],{"class":53},[43,133487,28404],{"class":165},[43,133489,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133491,142],{"class":141},[43,133493,145],{"class":53},[43,133495,35337],{"class":148},[43,133497,79],{"class":53},[43,133499,128767],{"class":148},[43,133501,145],{"class":53},[43,133503,265],{"class":264},[43,133505,22699],{"class":268},[43,133507,265],{"class":264},[43,133509,5977],{"class":53},[43,133511,129123],{"class":165},[14,133513,230,133514,133516],{},[18,133515,59594],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133518,230,133519,133521],{},[18,133520,124737],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133523,133524,133525,3486,133530,79],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[269,133526,133527,133529],{"href":130386},[18,133528,133258],{}," method reference",[269,133531,127778],{"href":133532},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[81,133534,3438],{"id":3437},[14,133536,133537,133538,59],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133539,59594],{},[389,133541,133542,133545,133552,133557,133562],{},[392,133543,133544],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[392,133546,9071,133547,9074,133549,133551],{},[18,133548,59594],{},[18,133550,66478],{}," when no match exists",[392,133553,2445,133554,133556],{},[18,133555,59594],{}," on a value that may not be present",[392,133558,133559,133560],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133561,154],{},[392,133563,5195,133564,133566],{},[18,133565,59594],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133568,62920],{},[34,133570,133572],{"className":36,"code":133571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133573,133574,133584,133598,133620,133642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133575,133576,133578,133580,133582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133577,142],{"class":141},[43,133579,145],{"class":53},[43,133581,35337],{"class":148},[43,133583,346],{"class":53},[43,133585,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133587,142],{"class":141},[43,133589,145],{"class":53},[43,133591,42405],{"class":141},[43,133593,145],{"class":53},[43,133595,35337],{"class":148},[43,133597,2377],{"class":53},[43,133599,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133601,142],{"class":141},[43,133603,145],{"class":53},[43,133605,35337],{"class":148},[43,133607,79],{"class":53},[43,133609,36476],{"class":148},[43,133611,145],{"class":53},[43,133613,265],{"class":264},[43,133615,3080],{"class":268},[43,133617,265],{"class":264},[43,133619,2377],{"class":53},[43,133621,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,133623,142],{"class":141},[43,133625,145],{"class":53},[43,133627,35337],{"class":148},[43,133629,79],{"class":53},[43,133631,128767],{"class":148},[43,133633,145],{"class":53},[43,133635,265],{"class":264},[43,133637,3080],{"class":268},[43,133639,265],{"class":264},[43,133641,2377],{"class":53},[43,133643,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,133645,142],{"class":141},[43,133647,145],{"class":53},[43,133649,35337],{"class":148},[43,133651,79],{"class":53},[43,133653,36476],{"class":148},[43,133655,145],{"class":53},[43,133657,265],{"class":264},[43,133659,3080],{"class":268},[43,133661,265],{"class":264},[43,133663,108],{"class":53},[43,133665,36682],{"class":148},[43,133667,108],{"class":53},[43,133669,65666],{"class":148},[43,133671,2377],{"class":53},[14,133673,133674],{},"Tips:",[389,133676,133677,133682,133687,133690],{},[392,133678,230,133679,133681],{},[18,133680,126664],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[392,133683,230,133684,133686],{},[18,133685,124737],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[392,133688,133689],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[392,133691,133692,133693],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133694,1277],{},[81,133696,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,133698,130246,133700,13340],{"id":133699},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133701,59594],{},[14,133703,133704],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1499,133706,133708],{"id":133707},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133710,1550,133711,79],{},[18,133712,1553],{},[1499,133714,5794,133716,1233,133718,2490],{"id":133715},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133717,59594],{},[18,133719,124737],{},[14,133721,133722,133724,133725,3004,133727,7247],{},[18,133723,59594],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133726,124737],{},[18,133728,66478],{},[1499,133730,5784,133732,133734],{"id":133731},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133733,59594],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133736,133737],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1499,133739,133741,133742,125078],{"id":133740},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133743,59594],{},[14,133745,130271],{},[81,133747,2497],{"id":2496},[389,133749,133750,133756,133760,133765,133771],{},[392,133751,133752],{},[269,133753,133754,11361],{"href":130386},[18,133755,133258],{},[392,133757,133758],{},[269,133759,125141],{"href":133532},[392,133761,133762],{},[269,133763,130347],{"href":133764},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[392,133766,133767],{},[269,133768,133769,11361],{"href":125192},[18,133770,59216],{},[392,133772,133773],{},[269,133774,30973,133775],{"href":133359},[18,133776,129713],{},[2536,133778,133779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":133781},[133782,133783,133785,133786,133787,133788,133790,133795,133796,133807],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":132418,"depth":131,"text":133784},"What str.index() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648},{"id":66030,"depth":131,"text":66813},{"id":133180,"depth":131,"text":133789},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133364,"depth":131,"text":133791,"children":133792},"index() vs find()",[133793,133794],{"id":36476,"depth":138,"text":59594},{"id":128767,"depth":138,"text":124737},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":133797},[133798,133800,133801,133803,133805],{"id":133699,"depth":138,"text":133799},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133707,"depth":138,"text":133708},{"id":133715,"depth":138,"text":133802},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133731,"depth":138,"text":133804},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133740,"depth":138,"text":133806},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132327,"description":133808},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133815,"title":133816,"body":133817,"description":136592,"extension":2572,"meta":136593,"navigation":134,"path":136594,"seo":136595,"stem":136596,"__hash__":136597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133818,"toc":136528},[133819,133825,133830,133833,133836,133847,133849,133918,133920,133934,133939,133944,133949,133951,133994,133996,134079,134081,134127,134133,134135,134137,134157,134159,134182,134184,134258,134260,134279,134284,134286,134290,134362,134364,134378,134382,134458,134460,134479,134483,134577,134579,134588,134595,134671,134673,134691,134695,134698,134705,134754,134756,134765,134772,134831,134833,134851,134854,134861,134920,134922,134940,134947,135004,135006,135015,135019,135024,135028,135087,135089,135107,135111,135158,135163,135166,135235,135237,135254,135261,135267,135322,135327,135330,135407,135409,135427,135433,135439,135499,135501,135520,135526,135529,135536,135589,135594,135596,135657,135666,135673,135675,135732,135737,135739,135810,135814,135869,135871,135880,135885,135891,135960,135962,135994,136000,136008,136015,136021,136086,136088,136097,136103,136184,136186,136195,136200,136214,136221,136225,136230,136258,136260,136393,136396,136433,136435,136441,136450,136455,136458,136463,136468,136474,136477,136486,136489,136491,136520,136525],[10,133820,123742,133822,11943],{"id":133821},"python-string-join-method",[18,133823,133824],{},"join()",[14,133826,123747,133827,133829],{},[18,133828,133824],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133831,133832],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133834,133835],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[389,133837,133838,133844],{},[392,133839,133840,133841,133843],{},"You call ",[18,133842,133824],{}," on the separator string",[392,133845,133846],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[81,133848,4221],{"id":4220},[34,133850,133852],{"className":36,"code":133851,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133853,133854,133887,133908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133855,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133883,133885],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133857,4685],{"class":49},[43,133859,98],{"class":97},[43,133861,101],{"class":53},[43,133863,265],{"class":264},[43,133865,7914],{"class":268},[43,133867,265],{"class":264},[43,133869,108],{"class":53},[43,133871,276],{"class":264},[43,133873,12817],{"class":268},[43,133875,265],{"class":264},[43,133877,108],{"class":53},[43,133879,276],{"class":264},[43,133881,133882],{"class":268},"fun",[43,133884,265],{"class":264},[43,133886,68],{"class":53},[43,133888,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133902,133904,133906],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,133890,2836],{"class":49},[43,133892,98],{"class":97},[43,133894,276],{"class":264},[43,133896,276],{"class":264},[43,133898,79],{"class":53},[43,133900,133901],{"class":148},"join",[43,133903,145],{"class":53},[43,133905,4729],{"class":148},[43,133907,346],{"class":53},[43,133909,133910,133912,133914,133916],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,133911,142],{"class":141},[43,133913,145],{"class":53},[43,133915,2871],{"class":148},[43,133917,346],{"class":53},[14,133919,349],{},[34,133921,133923],{"className":36,"code":133922,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python is fun\n",[18,133924,133925],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133926,133927,133929,133931],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133928,4187],{"class":49},[43,133930,12817],{"class":97},[43,133932,133933],{"class":49}," fun\n",[14,133935,230,133936,133938],{},[18,133937,133824],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[81,133940,4289,133942,4292],{"id":133941},"what-join-does",[18,133943,133824],{},[14,133945,133946,133948],{},[18,133947,133824],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133950,12080],{},[389,133952,133953,133960,133988,133991],{},[392,133954,133955,133956,133959],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133957,133958],{},".join()"," as the separator",[392,133961,133962,133963],{},"Common separators are:\n",[389,133964,133965,133971,133977,133983],{},[392,133966,133967,133970],{},[18,133968,133969],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[392,133972,133973,133976],{},[18,133974,133975],{},"\", \""," for commas",[392,133978,133979,133982],{},[18,133980,133981],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[392,133984,133985,133987],{},[18,133986,6887],{}," for no separator",[392,133989,133990],{},"It returns a new string",[392,133992,133993],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133995,494],{},[34,133997,133999],{"className":36,"code":133998,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,134000,134001,134033,134055,134059,134069],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134002,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134004,4685],{"class":49},[43,134006,98],{"class":97},[43,134008,101],{"class":53},[43,134010,265],{"class":264},[43,134012,13717],{"class":268},[43,134014,265],{"class":264},[43,134016,108],{"class":53},[43,134018,276],{"class":264},[43,134020,18077],{"class":268},[43,134022,265],{"class":264},[43,134024,108],{"class":53},[43,134026,276],{"class":264},[43,134028,13734],{"class":268},[43,134030,265],{"class":264},[43,134032,68],{"class":53},[43,134034,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134036,2836],{"class":49},[43,134038,98],{"class":97},[43,134040,276],{"class":264},[43,134042,21],{"class":268},[43,134044,265],{"class":264},[43,134046,79],{"class":53},[43,134048,133901],{"class":148},[43,134050,145],{"class":53},[43,134052,4729],{"class":148},[43,134054,346],{"class":53},[43,134056,134057],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134058,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134060,134061,134063,134065,134067],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134062,142],{"class":141},[43,134064,145],{"class":53},[43,134066,2871],{"class":148},[43,134068,346],{"class":53},[43,134070,134071,134073,134075,134077],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,134072,142],{"class":141},[43,134074,145],{"class":53},[43,134076,4729],{"class":148},[43,134078,346],{"class":53},[14,134080,349],{},[34,134082,134084],{"className":36,"code":134083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,134085,134086,134099],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134087,134088,134090,134092,134095,134097],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134089,13717],{"class":49},[43,134091,108],{"class":53},[43,134093,134094],{"class":49}," green",[43,134096,108],{"class":53},[43,134098,36511],{"class":49},[43,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134102,54],{"class":53},[43,134104,361],{"class":264},[43,134106,13717],{"class":268},[43,134108,361],{"class":264},[43,134110,108],{"class":53},[43,134112,370],{"class":264},[43,134114,18077],{"class":268},[43,134116,361],{"class":264},[43,134118,108],{"class":53},[43,134120,370],{"class":264},[43,134122,13734],{"class":268},[43,134124,361],{"class":264},[43,134126,68],{"class":53},[14,134128,134129,134130,134132],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,134131,133824],{}," creates a new string.",[81,134134,2763],{"id":2762},[14,134136,7835],{},[34,134138,134140],{"className":36,"code":134139,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,134141,134142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134143,134144,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134145,134146],{"class":49},"separator",[43,134148,79],{"class":53},[43,134150,133901],{"class":148},[43,134152,145],{"class":53},[43,134154,4333],{"class":148},[43,134156,346],{"class":53},[1499,134158,49638],{"id":49637},[389,134160,134161,134174,134179],{},[392,134162,134163,134165,134166,21,134168,21,134170,2799,134172],{},[18,134164,134146],{}," is a string such as ",[18,134167,133969],{},[18,134169,133975],{},[18,134171,133981],{},[18,134173,6887],{},[392,134175,134176,134178],{},[18,134177,4333],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[392,134180,134181],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,134183,494],{},[34,134185,134187],{"className":36,"code":134186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134188,134189,134221,134244,134248],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134190,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134192,5610],{"class":49},[43,134194,98],{"class":97},[43,134196,101],{"class":53},[43,134198,265],{"class":264},[43,134200,13505],{"class":268},[43,134202,265],{"class":264},[43,134204,108],{"class":53},[43,134206,276],{"class":264},[43,134208,36571],{"class":268},[43,134210,265],{"class":264},[43,134212,108],{"class":53},[43,134214,276],{"class":264},[43,134216,36580],{"class":268},[43,134218,265],{"class":264},[43,134220,68],{"class":53},[43,134222,134223,134225,134227,134229,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134224,2836],{"class":49},[43,134226,98],{"class":97},[43,134228,276],{"class":264},[43,134230,134231],{"class":268}," | ",[43,134233,265],{"class":264},[43,134235,79],{"class":53},[43,134237,133901],{"class":148},[43,134239,145],{"class":53},[43,134241,5654],{"class":148},[43,134243,346],{"class":53},[43,134245,134246],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134247,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134249,134250,134252,134254,134256],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134251,142],{"class":141},[43,134253,145],{"class":53},[43,134255,2871],{"class":148},[43,134257,346],{"class":53},[14,134259,349],{},[34,134261,134263],{"className":36,"code":134262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,134264,134265],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134266,134267,134270,134272,134275,134277],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134268,134269],{"class":49},"Ana ",[43,134271,114249],{"class":97},[43,134273,134274],{"class":49}," Ben ",[43,134276,114249],{"class":97},[43,134278,36652],{"class":49},[14,134280,134281,134282,79],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[269,134283,125497],{"href":51603},[81,134285,122273],{"id":122272},[1499,134287,134289],{"id":134288},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[34,134291,134293],{"className":36,"code":134292,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134294,134295,134328,134348,134352],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134296,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134324,134326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134298,4685],{"class":49},[43,134300,98],{"class":97},[43,134302,101],{"class":53},[43,134304,265],{"class":264},[43,134306,7914],{"class":268},[43,134308,265],{"class":264},[43,134310,108],{"class":53},[43,134312,276],{"class":264},[43,134314,12817],{"class":268},[43,134316,265],{"class":264},[43,134318,108],{"class":53},[43,134320,276],{"class":264},[43,134322,134323],{"class":268},"easy",[43,134325,265],{"class":264},[43,134327,68],{"class":53},[43,134329,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134331,2836],{"class":49},[43,134333,98],{"class":97},[43,134335,276],{"class":264},[43,134337,276],{"class":264},[43,134339,79],{"class":53},[43,134341,133901],{"class":148},[43,134343,145],{"class":53},[43,134345,4729],{"class":148},[43,134347,346],{"class":53},[43,134349,134350],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134351,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134353,134354,134356,134358,134360],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134355,142],{"class":141},[43,134357,145],{"class":53},[43,134359,2871],{"class":148},[43,134361,346],{"class":53},[14,134363,349],{},[34,134365,134367],{"className":36,"code":134366,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python is easy\n",[18,134368,134369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134370,134371,134373,134375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134372,4187],{"class":49},[43,134374,12817],{"class":97},[43,134376,134377],{"class":49}," easy\n",[1499,134379,134381],{"id":134380},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[34,134383,134385],{"className":36,"code":134384,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134386,134387,134422,134444,134448],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134388,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134400,134402,134404,134406,134409,134411,134413,134415,134418,134420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134390,8398],{"class":49},[43,134392,98],{"class":97},[43,134394,101],{"class":53},[43,134396,265],{"class":264},[43,134398,134399],{"class":268},"apples",[43,134401,265],{"class":264},[43,134403,108],{"class":53},[43,134405,276],{"class":264},[43,134407,134408],{"class":268},"bananas",[43,134410,265],{"class":264},[43,134412,108],{"class":53},[43,134414,276],{"class":264},[43,134416,134417],{"class":268},"oranges",[43,134419,265],{"class":264},[43,134421,68],{"class":53},[43,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134425,2836],{"class":49},[43,134427,98],{"class":97},[43,134429,276],{"class":264},[43,134431,21],{"class":268},[43,134433,265],{"class":264},[43,134435,79],{"class":53},[43,134437,133901],{"class":148},[43,134439,145],{"class":53},[43,134441,8427],{"class":148},[43,134443,346],{"class":53},[43,134445,134446],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134447,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134449,134450,134452,134454,134456],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134451,142],{"class":141},[43,134453,145],{"class":53},[43,134455,2871],{"class":148},[43,134457,346],{"class":53},[14,134459,349],{},[34,134461,134463],{"className":36,"code":134462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134464,134465],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134466,134467,134469,134471,134474,134476],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134468,134399],{"class":49},[43,134470,108],{"class":53},[43,134472,134473],{"class":49}," bananas",[43,134475,108],{"class":53},[43,134477,134478],{"class":49}," oranges\n",[1499,134480,134482],{"id":134481},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[34,134484,134486],{"className":36,"code":134485,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134487,134488,134545,134563,134567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134489,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134491,257],{"class":49},[43,134493,98],{"class":97},[43,134495,101],{"class":53},[43,134497,265],{"class":264},[43,134499,134500],{"class":268},"P",[43,134502,265],{"class":264},[43,134504,108],{"class":53},[43,134506,276],{"class":264},[43,134508,12368],{"class":268},[43,134510,265],{"class":264},[43,134512,108],{"class":53},[43,134514,276],{"class":264},[43,134516,63912],{"class":268},[43,134518,265],{"class":264},[43,134520,108],{"class":53},[43,134522,276],{"class":264},[43,134524,61065],{"class":268},[43,134526,265],{"class":264},[43,134528,108],{"class":53},[43,134530,276],{"class":264},[43,134532,61099],{"class":268},[43,134534,265],{"class":264},[43,134536,108],{"class":53},[43,134538,276],{"class":264},[43,134540,703],{"class":268},[43,134542,265],{"class":264},[43,134544,68],{"class":53},[43,134546,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134548,2836],{"class":49},[43,134550,98],{"class":97},[43,134552,6741],{"class":264},[43,134554,79],{"class":53},[43,134556,133901],{"class":148},[43,134558,145],{"class":53},[43,134560,1079],{"class":148},[43,134562,346],{"class":53},[43,134564,134565],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134566,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134568,134569,134571,134573,134575],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134570,142],{"class":141},[43,134572,145],{"class":53},[43,134574,2871],{"class":148},[43,134576,346],{"class":53},[14,134578,349],{},[34,134580,134582],{"className":36,"code":134581,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python\n",[18,134583,134584],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134585,134586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134587,134581],{"class":49},[1499,134589,134591,134592,134594],{"id":134590},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134593,133824],{}," returns the result",[34,134596,134598],{"className":36,"code":134597,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134599,134600,134633,134656,134660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134601,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134629,134631],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134603,4685],{"class":49},[43,134605,98],{"class":97},[43,134607,101],{"class":53},[43,134609,265],{"class":264},[43,134611,7201],{"class":268},[43,134613,265],{"class":264},[43,134615,108],{"class":53},[43,134617,276],{"class":264},[43,134619,79658],{"class":268},[43,134621,265],{"class":264},[43,134623,108],{"class":53},[43,134625,276],{"class":264},[43,134627,134628],{"class":268},"three",[43,134630,265],{"class":264},[43,134632,68],{"class":53},[43,134634,134635,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134636,134637],{"class":49},"joined_text ",[43,134639,98],{"class":97},[43,134641,276],{"class":264},[43,134643,220],{"class":268},[43,134645,265],{"class":264},[43,134647,79],{"class":53},[43,134649,133901],{"class":148},[43,134651,145],{"class":53},[43,134653,4729],{"class":148},[43,134655,346],{"class":53},[43,134657,134658],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,134659,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,134661,134662,134664,134666,134669],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,134663,142],{"class":141},[43,134665,145],{"class":53},[43,134667,134668],{"class":148},"joined_text",[43,134670,346],{"class":53},[14,134672,349],{},[34,134674,134676],{"className":36,"code":134675,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"one-two-three\n",[18,134677,134678],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134679,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134681,7201],{"class":49},[43,134683,220],{"class":97},[43,134685,79658],{"class":49},[43,134687,220],{"class":97},[43,134689,134690],{"class":49},"three\n",[81,134692,134694],{"id":134693},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134696,134697],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1499,134699,134701,134704],{"id":134700},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134702,134703],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[34,134706,134708],{"className":36,"code":134707,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134709,134710,134734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134711,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134713,4685],{"class":49},[43,134715,98],{"class":97},[43,134717,101],{"class":53},[43,134719,265],{"class":264},[43,134721,4459],{"class":268},[43,134723,265],{"class":264},[43,134725,108],{"class":53},[43,134727,276],{"class":264},[43,134729,61217],{"class":268},[43,134731,265],{"class":264},[43,134733,68],{"class":53},[43,134735,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134737,142],{"class":141},[43,134739,145],{"class":53},[43,134741,265],{"class":264},[43,134743,276],{"class":264},[43,134745,79],{"class":53},[43,134747,133901],{"class":148},[43,134749,145],{"class":53},[43,134751,4729],{"class":148},[43,134753,2377],{"class":53},[14,134755,349],{},[34,134757,134759],{"className":36,"code":134758,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\n",[18,134760,134761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134762,134763],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134764,134758],{"class":49},[1499,134766,134768,134771],{"id":134767},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134769,134770],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[34,134773,134775],{"className":36,"code":134774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134776,134777,134809],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134778,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134780,13700],{"class":49},[43,134782,98],{"class":97},[43,134784,101],{"class":53},[43,134786,265],{"class":264},[43,134788,13717],{"class":268},[43,134790,265],{"class":264},[43,134792,108],{"class":53},[43,134794,276],{"class":264},[43,134796,13734],{"class":268},[43,134798,265],{"class":264},[43,134800,108],{"class":53},[43,134802,276],{"class":264},[43,134804,18077],{"class":268},[43,134806,265],{"class":264},[43,134808,68],{"class":53},[43,134810,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134812,142],{"class":141},[43,134814,145],{"class":53},[43,134816,265],{"class":264},[43,134818,21],{"class":268},[43,134820,265],{"class":264},[43,134822,79],{"class":53},[43,134824,133901],{"class":148},[43,134826,145],{"class":53},[43,134828,18124],{"class":148},[43,134830,2377],{"class":53},[14,134832,349],{},[34,134834,134836],{"className":36,"code":134835,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134837,134838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134839,134840,134842,134844,134847,134849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134841,13717],{"class":49},[43,134843,108],{"class":53},[43,134845,134846],{"class":49}," blue",[43,134848,108],{"class":53},[43,134850,36504],{"class":49},[14,134852,134853],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1499,134855,134857,134860],{"id":134856},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134858,134859],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[34,134862,134864],{"className":36,"code":134863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134865,134866,134898],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134867,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134869,43462],{"class":49},[43,134871,98],{"class":97},[43,134873,101],{"class":53},[43,134875,265],{"class":264},[43,134877,38],{"class":268},[43,134879,265],{"class":264},[43,134881,108],{"class":53},[43,134883,276],{"class":264},[43,134885,61799],{"class":268},[43,134887,265],{"class":264},[43,134889,108],{"class":53},[43,134891,276],{"class":264},[43,134893,133901],{"class":268},[43,134895,265],{"class":264},[43,134897,68],{"class":53},[43,134899,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134901,142],{"class":141},[43,134903,145],{"class":53},[43,134905,265],{"class":264},[43,134907,220],{"class":268},[43,134909,265],{"class":264},[43,134911,79],{"class":53},[43,134913,133901],{"class":148},[43,134915,145],{"class":53},[43,134917,43494],{"class":148},[43,134919,2377],{"class":53},[14,134921,349],{},[34,134923,134925],{"className":36,"code":134924,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"python-string-join\n",[18,134926,134927],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134928,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134930,38],{"class":49},[43,134932,220],{"class":97},[43,134934,61799],{"class":49},[43,134936,220],{"class":97},[43,134938,134939],{"class":49},"join\n",[1499,134941,134943,134946],{"id":134942},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134944,134945],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[34,134948,134950],{"className":36,"code":134949,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134951,134952,134985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134981,134983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134955,113321],{"class":49},[43,134957,98],{"class":97},[43,134959,101],{"class":53},[43,134961,265],{"class":264},[43,134963,22867],{"class":268},[43,134965,265],{"class":264},[43,134967,108],{"class":53},[43,134969,276],{"class":264},[43,134971,31226],{"class":268},[43,134973,265],{"class":264},[43,134975,108],{"class":53},[43,134977,276],{"class":264},[43,134979,134980],{"class":268},"C",[43,134982,265],{"class":264},[43,134984,68],{"class":53},[43,134986,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135002],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,134988,142],{"class":141},[43,134990,145],{"class":53},[43,134992,6887],{"class":264},[43,134994,79],{"class":53},[43,134996,133901],{"class":148},[43,134998,145],{"class":53},[43,135000,135001],{"class":148},"chars",[43,135003,2377],{"class":53},[14,135005,349],{},[34,135007,135009],{"className":36,"code":135008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ABC\n",[18,135010,135011],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135012,135013],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135014,135008],{"class":35081},[81,135016,135018],{"id":135017},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,135020,135021,135023],{},[18,135022,133824],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1499,135025,135027],{"id":135026},"this-works","This works",[34,135029,135031],{"className":36,"code":135030,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,135032,135033,135065],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135036,4436],{"class":49},[43,135038,98],{"class":97},[43,135040,101],{"class":53},[43,135042,265],{"class":264},[43,135044,105],{"class":268},[43,135046,265],{"class":264},[43,135048,108],{"class":53},[43,135050,276],{"class":264},[43,135052,618],{"class":268},[43,135054,265],{"class":264},[43,135056,108],{"class":53},[43,135058,276],{"class":264},[43,135060,651],{"class":268},[43,135062,265],{"class":264},[43,135064,68],{"class":53},[43,135066,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135068,142],{"class":141},[43,135070,145],{"class":53},[43,135072,265],{"class":264},[43,135074,21],{"class":268},[43,135076,265],{"class":264},[43,135078,79],{"class":53},[43,135080,133901],{"class":148},[43,135082,145],{"class":53},[43,135084,5974],{"class":148},[43,135086,2377],{"class":53},[14,135088,349],{},[34,135090,135092],{"className":36,"code":135091,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,135093,135094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135095,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135097,105],{"class":104},[43,135099,108],{"class":53},[43,135101,111],{"class":104},[43,135103,108],{"class":53},[43,135105,135106],{"class":104}," 30\n",[1499,135108,135110],{"id":135109},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[34,135112,135114],{"className":36,"code":135113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,135115,135116,135136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135119,4436],{"class":49},[43,135121,98],{"class":97},[43,135123,101],{"class":53},[43,135125,154],{"class":104},[43,135127,108],{"class":53},[43,135129,1525],{"class":104},[43,135131,108],{"class":53},[43,135133,1530],{"class":104},[43,135135,68],{"class":53},[43,135137,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135139,142],{"class":141},[43,135141,145],{"class":53},[43,135143,265],{"class":264},[43,135145,21],{"class":268},[43,135147,265],{"class":264},[43,135149,79],{"class":53},[43,135151,133901],{"class":148},[43,135153,145],{"class":53},[43,135155,5974],{"class":148},[43,135157,2377],{"class":53},[14,135159,90698,135160,135162],{},[18,135161,3614],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,135164,135165],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[34,135167,135169],{"className":36,"code":135168,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135170,135171,135191,135221,135225],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135172,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135174,4436],{"class":49},[43,135176,98],{"class":97},[43,135178,101],{"class":53},[43,135180,154],{"class":104},[43,135182,108],{"class":53},[43,135184,1525],{"class":104},[43,135186,108],{"class":53},[43,135188,1530],{"class":104},[43,135190,68],{"class":53},[43,135192,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135194,2836],{"class":49},[43,135196,98],{"class":97},[43,135198,276],{"class":264},[43,135200,21],{"class":268},[43,135202,265],{"class":264},[43,135204,79],{"class":53},[43,135206,133901],{"class":148},[43,135208,145],{"class":53},[43,135210,40487],{"class":141},[43,135212,145],{"class":53},[43,135214,4054],{"class":3510},[43,135216,108],{"class":53},[43,135218,4501],{"class":148},[43,135220,2377],{"class":53},[43,135222,135223],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,135224,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,135226,135227,135229,135231,135233],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,135228,142],{"class":141},[43,135230,145],{"class":53},[43,135232,2871],{"class":148},[43,135234,346],{"class":53},[14,135236,349],{},[34,135238,135240],{"className":36,"code":135239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,135241,135242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135243,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135245,154],{"class":104},[43,135247,108],{"class":53},[43,135249,1525],{"class":104},[43,135251,108],{"class":53},[43,135253,3184],{"class":104},[14,135255,135256,135257,79],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[269,135258,4187,135259,4120],{"href":42801},[18,135260,48311],{},[1499,135262,135264,135266],{"id":135263},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,135265,4391],{}," values do not work directly",[34,135268,135270],{"className":36,"code":135269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,135271,135272,135300],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135273,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135275,4436],{"class":49},[43,135277,98],{"class":97},[43,135279,101],{"class":53},[43,135281,265],{"class":264},[43,135283,4694],{"class":268},[43,135285,265],{"class":264},[43,135287,108],{"class":53},[43,135289,4467],{"class":4466},[43,135291,108],{"class":53},[43,135293,276],{"class":264},[43,135295,4703],{"class":268},[43,135297,265],{"class":264},[43,135299,68],{"class":53},[43,135301,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135303,142],{"class":141},[43,135305,145],{"class":53},[43,135307,265],{"class":264},[43,135309,21],{"class":268},[43,135311,265],{"class":264},[43,135313,79],{"class":53},[43,135315,133901],{"class":148},[43,135317,145],{"class":53},[43,135319,5974],{"class":148},[43,135321,2377],{"class":53},[14,135323,135324,135325,79],{},"This also causes a ",[18,135326,3614],{},[14,135328,135329],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[34,135331,135333],{"className":36,"code":135332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135334,135335,135363,135393,135397],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135336,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135338,4436],{"class":49},[43,135340,98],{"class":97},[43,135342,101],{"class":53},[43,135344,265],{"class":264},[43,135346,4694],{"class":268},[43,135348,265],{"class":264},[43,135350,108],{"class":53},[43,135352,4467],{"class":4466},[43,135354,108],{"class":53},[43,135356,276],{"class":264},[43,135358,4703],{"class":268},[43,135360,265],{"class":264},[43,135362,68],{"class":53},[43,135364,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135366,2836],{"class":49},[43,135368,98],{"class":97},[43,135370,276],{"class":264},[43,135372,21],{"class":268},[43,135374,265],{"class":264},[43,135376,79],{"class":53},[43,135378,133901],{"class":148},[43,135380,145],{"class":53},[43,135382,40487],{"class":141},[43,135384,145],{"class":53},[43,135386,4054],{"class":3510},[43,135388,108],{"class":53},[43,135390,4501],{"class":148},[43,135392,2377],{"class":53},[43,135394,135395],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,135396,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,135398,135399,135401,135403,135405],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,135400,142],{"class":141},[43,135402,145],{"class":53},[43,135404,2871],{"class":148},[43,135406,346],{"class":53},[14,135408,349],{},[34,135410,135412],{"className":36,"code":135411,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,135413,135414],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135415,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135417,4694],{"class":49},[43,135419,108],{"class":53},[43,135421,4467],{"class":4466},[43,135423,108],{"class":53},[43,135425,135426],{"class":49}," banana\n",[14,135428,135429,135430,135432],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,135431,4391],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1499,135434,135436,135438],{"id":135435},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,135437,133824],{}," also works with tuples",[34,135440,135442],{"className":36,"code":135441,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135443,135444,135476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135445,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135447,5610],{"class":49},[43,135449,98],{"class":97},[43,135451,9855],{"class":53},[43,135453,265],{"class":264},[43,135455,8295],{"class":268},[43,135457,265],{"class":264},[43,135459,108],{"class":53},[43,135461,276],{"class":264},[43,135463,131830],{"class":268},[43,135465,265],{"class":264},[43,135467,108],{"class":53},[43,135469,276],{"class":264},[43,135471,8539],{"class":268},[43,135473,265],{"class":264},[43,135475,346],{"class":53},[43,135477,135478,135480,135482,135484,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135479,142],{"class":141},[43,135481,145],{"class":53},[43,135483,265],{"class":264},[43,135485,135486],{"class":268}," \u002F ",[43,135488,265],{"class":264},[43,135490,79],{"class":53},[43,135492,133901],{"class":148},[43,135494,145],{"class":53},[43,135496,5654],{"class":148},[43,135498,2377],{"class":53},[14,135500,349],{},[34,135502,135504],{"className":36,"code":135503,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135505,135506],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135507,135508,135511,135513,135516,135518],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135509,135510],{"class":49},"Sam ",[43,135512,127634],{"class":97},[43,135514,135515],{"class":49}," Lee ",[43,135517,127634],{"class":97},[43,135519,22956],{"class":49},[81,135521,135523,135524],{"id":135522},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135525,133824],{},[14,135527,135528],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1499,135530,135532,135533,135535],{"id":135531},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135534,3614],{}," because not all items are strings",[34,135537,135539],{"className":36,"code":135538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135540,135541,135569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135542,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565,135567],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135544,8398],{"class":49},[43,135546,98],{"class":97},[43,135548,101],{"class":53},[43,135550,265],{"class":264},[43,135552,269],{"class":268},[43,135554,265],{"class":264},[43,135556,108],{"class":53},[43,135558,1525],{"class":104},[43,135560,108],{"class":53},[43,135562,276],{"class":264},[43,135564,288],{"class":268},[43,135566,265],{"class":264},[43,135568,68],{"class":53},[43,135570,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135572,142],{"class":141},[43,135574,145],{"class":53},[43,135576,265],{"class":264},[43,135578,276],{"class":264},[43,135580,79],{"class":53},[43,135582,133901],{"class":148},[43,135584,145],{"class":53},[43,135586,8427],{"class":148},[43,135588,2377],{"class":53},[14,135590,49138,135591,135593],{},[18,135592,201],{}," is an integer.",[14,135595,39889],{},[34,135597,135599],{"className":36,"code":135598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135600,135601,135629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135602,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135604,8398],{"class":49},[43,135606,98],{"class":97},[43,135608,101],{"class":53},[43,135610,265],{"class":264},[43,135612,269],{"class":268},[43,135614,265],{"class":264},[43,135616,108],{"class":53},[43,135618,1525],{"class":104},[43,135620,108],{"class":53},[43,135622,276],{"class":264},[43,135624,288],{"class":268},[43,135626,265],{"class":264},[43,135628,68],{"class":53},[43,135630,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135632,142],{"class":141},[43,135634,145],{"class":53},[43,135636,265],{"class":264},[43,135638,276],{"class":264},[43,135640,79],{"class":53},[43,135642,133901],{"class":148},[43,135644,145],{"class":53},[43,135646,40487],{"class":141},[43,135648,145],{"class":53},[43,135650,4054],{"class":3510},[43,135652,108],{"class":53},[43,135654,704],{"class":148},[43,135656,3521],{"class":53},[14,135658,135659,135660,79],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[269,135661,26303,135663],{"href":135662},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135664,135665],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1499,135667,135669,135670,135672],{"id":135668},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135671,133824],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135674,5141],{},[34,135676,135678],{"className":36,"code":135677,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135679,135680,135712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135683,4685],{"class":49},[43,135685,98],{"class":97},[43,135687,101],{"class":53},[43,135689,265],{"class":264},[43,135691,7914],{"class":268},[43,135693,265],{"class":264},[43,135695,108],{"class":53},[43,135697,276],{"class":264},[43,135699,12817],{"class":268},[43,135701,265],{"class":264},[43,135703,108],{"class":53},[43,135705,276],{"class":264},[43,135707,133882],{"class":268},[43,135709,265],{"class":264},[43,135711,68],{"class":53},[43,135713,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135715,2836],{"class":49},[43,135717,98],{"class":97},[43,135719,6783],{"class":49},[43,135721,79],{"class":53},[43,135723,133901],{"class":148},[43,135725,145],{"class":53},[43,135727,265],{"class":264},[43,135729,276],{"class":264},[43,135731,346],{"class":53},[14,135733,135734,135736],{},[18,135735,133824],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135738,11428],{},[34,135740,135742],{"className":36,"code":135741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135743,135744,135776,135796,135800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135745,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772,135774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135747,4685],{"class":49},[43,135749,98],{"class":97},[43,135751,101],{"class":53},[43,135753,265],{"class":264},[43,135755,7914],{"class":268},[43,135757,265],{"class":264},[43,135759,108],{"class":53},[43,135761,276],{"class":264},[43,135763,12817],{"class":268},[43,135765,265],{"class":264},[43,135767,108],{"class":53},[43,135769,276],{"class":264},[43,135771,133882],{"class":268},[43,135773,265],{"class":264},[43,135775,68],{"class":53},[43,135777,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135779,2836],{"class":49},[43,135781,98],{"class":97},[43,135783,276],{"class":264},[43,135785,276],{"class":264},[43,135787,79],{"class":53},[43,135789,133901],{"class":148},[43,135791,145],{"class":53},[43,135793,4729],{"class":148},[43,135795,346],{"class":53},[43,135797,135798],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,135799,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,135801,135802,135804,135806,135808],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,135803,142],{"class":141},[43,135805,145],{"class":53},[43,135807,2871],{"class":148},[43,135809,346],{"class":53},[1499,135811,135813],{"id":135812},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[34,135815,135817],{"className":36,"code":135816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135818,135819,135851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135820,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135822,4685],{"class":49},[43,135824,98],{"class":97},[43,135826,101],{"class":53},[43,135828,265],{"class":264},[43,135830,7201],{"class":268},[43,135832,265],{"class":264},[43,135834,108],{"class":53},[43,135836,276],{"class":264},[43,135838,79658],{"class":268},[43,135840,265],{"class":264},[43,135842,108],{"class":53},[43,135844,276],{"class":264},[43,135846,134628],{"class":268},[43,135848,265],{"class":264},[43,135850,68],{"class":53},[43,135852,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135854,142],{"class":141},[43,135856,145],{"class":53},[43,135858,6887],{"class":264},[43,135860,79],{"class":53},[43,135862,133901],{"class":148},[43,135864,145],{"class":53},[43,135866,4729],{"class":148},[43,135868,2377],{"class":53},[14,135870,349],{},[34,135872,135874],{"className":36,"code":135873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"onetwothree\n",[18,135875,135876],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135877,135878],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135879,135873],{"class":49},[14,135881,135882,135883,7247],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135884,133969],{},[1499,135886,135888,135889,132092],{"id":135887},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135890,133824],{},[34,135892,135894],{"className":36,"code":135893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135895,135896,135928,135946,135950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135897,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135899,4685],{"class":49},[43,135901,98],{"class":97},[43,135903,101],{"class":53},[43,135905,265],{"class":264},[43,135907,269],{"class":268},[43,135909,265],{"class":264},[43,135911,108],{"class":53},[43,135913,276],{"class":264},[43,135915,279],{"class":268},[43,135917,265],{"class":264},[43,135919,108],{"class":53},[43,135921,276],{"class":264},[43,135923,288],{"class":268},[43,135925,265],{"class":264},[43,135927,68],{"class":53},[43,135929,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,135931,265],{"class":43954},[43,135933,220],{"class":43958},[43,135935,265],{"class":43954},[43,135937,79],{"class":53},[43,135939,133901],{"class":148},[43,135941,145],{"class":53},[43,135943,4729],{"class":148},[43,135945,346],{"class":53},[43,135947,135948],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,135949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,135951,135952,135954,135956,135958],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,135953,142],{"class":141},[43,135955,145],{"class":53},[43,135957,4729],{"class":148},[43,135959,346],{"class":53},[14,135961,349],{},[34,135963,135964],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,135965,135966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135967,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982,135984,135986,135988,135990,135992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135969,54],{"class":53},[43,135971,361],{"class":264},[43,135973,269],{"class":268},[43,135975,361],{"class":264},[43,135977,108],{"class":53},[43,135979,370],{"class":264},[43,135981,279],{"class":268},[43,135983,361],{"class":264},[43,135985,108],{"class":53},[43,135987,370],{"class":264},[43,135989,288],{"class":268},[43,135991,361],{"class":264},[43,135993,68],{"class":53},[14,135995,135996,135997,135999],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135998,133824],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[81,136001,136003,136005,136006],{"id":136002},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,136004,133824],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,136007,2666],{},[14,136009,11210,136010,1233,136012,136014],{},[18,136011,133824],{},[18,136013,2666],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1499,136016,230,136018,136020],{"id":136017},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,136019,2666],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[34,136022,136024],{"className":36,"code":136023,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,136025,136026,136039,136052,136072,136076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136027,136028,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136029,136030],{"class":49},"first ",[43,136032,98],{"class":97},[43,136034,276],{"class":264},[43,136036,35496],{"class":268},[43,136038,3969],{"class":264},[43,136040,136041,136044,136046,136048,136050],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136042,136043],{"class":49},"second ",[43,136045,98],{"class":97},[43,136047,276],{"class":264},[43,136049,90127],{"class":268},[43,136051,3969],{"class":264},[43,136053,136054,136056,136058,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136055,2836],{"class":49},[43,136057,98],{"class":97},[43,136059,136060],{"class":49}," first ",[43,136062,2666],{"class":97},[43,136064,276],{"class":264},[43,136066,276],{"class":264},[43,136068,3061],{"class":97},[43,136070,136071],{"class":49}," second\n",[43,136073,136074],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136075,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136077,136078,136080,136082,136084],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,136079,142],{"class":141},[43,136081,145],{"class":53},[43,136083,2871],{"class":148},[43,136085,346],{"class":53},[14,136087,349],{},[34,136089,136091],{"className":36,"code":136090,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello World\n",[18,136092,136093],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136094,136095],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136096,136090],{"class":49},[1499,136098,230,136100,136102],{"id":136099},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,136101,133824],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[34,136104,136106],{"className":36,"code":136105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,136107,136108,136150,136170,136174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136109,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120,136122,136124,136126,136129,136131,136133,136135,136138,136140,136142,136144,136146,136148],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136111,4685],{"class":49},[43,136113,98],{"class":97},[43,136115,101],{"class":53},[43,136117,265],{"class":264},[43,136119,7914],{"class":268},[43,136121,265],{"class":264},[43,136123,108],{"class":53},[43,136125,276],{"class":264},[43,136127,136128],{"class":268},"makes",[43,136130,265],{"class":264},[43,136132,108],{"class":53},[43,136134,276],{"class":264},[43,136136,136137],{"class":268},"this",[43,136139,265],{"class":264},[43,136141,108],{"class":53},[43,136143,276],{"class":264},[43,136145,134323],{"class":268},[43,136147,265],{"class":264},[43,136149,68],{"class":53},[43,136151,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162,136164,136166,136168],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136153,2836],{"class":49},[43,136155,98],{"class":97},[43,136157,276],{"class":264},[43,136159,276],{"class":264},[43,136161,79],{"class":53},[43,136163,133901],{"class":148},[43,136165,145],{"class":53},[43,136167,4729],{"class":148},[43,136169,346],{"class":53},[43,136171,136172],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136175,136176,136178,136180,136182],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136177,142],{"class":141},[43,136179,145],{"class":53},[43,136181,2871],{"class":148},[43,136183,346],{"class":53},[14,136185,349],{},[34,136187,136189],{"className":36,"code":136188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,136190,136191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136192,136193],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136194,136188],{"class":49},[14,136196,136197,136199],{},[18,136198,133824],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[389,136201,136202,136205,136208],{},[392,136203,136204],{},"You already have a list of strings",[392,136206,136207],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[392,136209,136210,136211,136213],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,136212,2666],{}," operators",[14,136215,136216,136217,79],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[269,136218,136220],{"href":136219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[81,136222,136224],{"id":136223},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,136226,1261,136227,136229],{},[18,136228,133824],{}," is not working, check these first:",[389,136231,136232,136235,136240,136249,136255],{},[392,136233,136234],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[392,136236,136237,136238],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,136239,4391],{},[392,136241,136242,136243,11713,136246],{},"You may have written ",[18,136244,136245],{},"list.join(...)",[18,136247,136248],{},"string.join(...)",[392,136250,136251,136252,136254],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,136253,133824],{}," to change the original iterable",[392,136256,136257],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,136259,94767],{},[34,136261,136263],{"className":36,"code":136262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,136264,136265,136279,136289,136313,136353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136266,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136268,142],{"class":141},[43,136270,145],{"class":53},[43,136272,3832],{"class":3510},[43,136274,145],{"class":53},[43,136276,8427],{"class":148},[43,136278,2377],{"class":53},[43,136280,136281,136283,136285,136287],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136282,142],{"class":141},[43,136284,145],{"class":53},[43,136286,8427],{"class":148},[43,136288,346],{"class":53},[43,136290,136291,136293,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303,136305,136307,136309,136311],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136292,142],{"class":141},[43,136294,3595],{"class":53},[43,136296,3832],{"class":3510},[43,136298,145],{"class":53},[43,136300,23933],{"class":148},[43,136302,4272],{"class":53},[43,136304,4492],{"class":4491},[43,136306,6577],{"class":148},[43,136308,4498],{"class":4491},[43,136310,704],{"class":148},[43,136312,1547],{"class":53},[43,136314,136315,136317,136319,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347,136349,136351],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136316,142],{"class":141},[43,136318,145],{"class":53},[43,136320,361],{"class":264},[43,136322,370],{"class":264},[43,136324,79],{"class":53},[43,136326,133901],{"class":148},[43,136328,3595],{"class":53},[43,136330,361],{"class":264},[43,136332,269],{"class":268},[43,136334,361],{"class":264},[43,136336,108],{"class":53},[43,136338,370],{"class":264},[43,136340,279],{"class":268},[43,136342,361],{"class":264},[43,136344,108],{"class":53},[43,136346,370],{"class":264},[43,136348,288],{"class":268},[43,136350,361],{"class":264},[43,136352,3608],{"class":53},[43,136354,136355,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,136356,142],{"class":141},[43,136358,145],{"class":53},[43,136360,361],{"class":264},[43,136362,21],{"class":268},[43,136364,361],{"class":264},[43,136366,79],{"class":53},[43,136368,133901],{"class":148},[43,136370,145],{"class":53},[43,136372,40487],{"class":141},[43,136374,145],{"class":53},[43,136376,4054],{"class":3510},[43,136378,108],{"class":53},[43,136380,101],{"class":53},[43,136382,154],{"class":104},[43,136384,108],{"class":53},[43,136386,1525],{"class":104},[43,136388,108],{"class":53},[43,136390,1530],{"class":104},[43,136392,37892],{"class":53},[14,136394,136395],{},"What these checks do:",[389,136397,136398,136406,136412,136418,136427],{},[392,136399,136400,136403,136404,8715],{},[18,136401,136402],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,136405,8427],{},[392,136407,136408,136411],{},[18,136409,136410],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[392,136413,136414,136417],{},[18,136415,136416],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[392,136419,136420,136423,136424,136426],{},[18,136421,136422],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,136425,133824],{}," behavior",[392,136428,136429,136432],{},[18,136430,136431],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[81,136434,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,136436,13328,136438,136440],{"id":136437},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,136439,133824],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136442,136443,136444,136446,136447,79],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136445,133824],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136448,136449],{},"map(str, values)",[1499,136451,13328,136453,57790],{"id":136452},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136454,133824],{},[14,136456,136457],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1499,136459,28953,136461,63260],{"id":136460},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136462,133824],{},[14,136464,42778,136465,136467],{},[18,136466,133824],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1499,136469,2476,136471,2479],{"id":136470},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136472,136473],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136475,136476],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1499,136478,136480,136481,136483,136484,2490],{"id":136479},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136482,3614],{}," when using ",[18,136485,133824],{},[14,136487,136488],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[81,136490,2497],{"id":2496},[389,136492,136493,136498,136504,136510,136516],{},[392,136494,136495],{},[269,136496,136497],{"href":136219},"How to join strings in Python",[392,136499,136500],{},[269,136501,126742,136502,11361],{"href":129429},[18,136503,61157],{},[392,136505,136506],{},[269,136507,4187,136508,4120],{"href":42801},[18,136509,48311],{},[392,136511,136512],{},[269,136513,30973,136514],{"href":135662},[18,136515,135665],{},[392,136517,136518],{},[269,136519,125497],{"href":51603},[14,136521,97737,136522,136524],{},[18,136523,133824],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2536,136526,136527],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":136529},[136530,136531,136533,136536,136543,136553,136561,136571,136578,136579,136591],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":133941,"depth":131,"text":136532},"What join() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":136534},[136535],{"id":49637,"depth":138,"text":49638},{"id":122272,"depth":131,"text":122273,"children":136537},[136538,136539,136540,136541],{"id":134288,"depth":138,"text":134289},{"id":134380,"depth":138,"text":134381},{"id":134481,"depth":138,"text":134482},{"id":134590,"depth":138,"text":136542},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134693,"depth":131,"text":134694,"children":136544},[136545,136547,136549,136551],{"id":134700,"depth":138,"text":136546},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134767,"depth":138,"text":136548},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134856,"depth":138,"text":136550},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134942,"depth":138,"text":136552},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135017,"depth":131,"text":135018,"children":136554},[136555,136556,136557,136559],{"id":135026,"depth":138,"text":135027},{"id":135109,"depth":138,"text":135110},{"id":135263,"depth":138,"text":136558},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135435,"depth":138,"text":136560},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135522,"depth":131,"text":136562,"children":136563},"Common errors with join()",[136564,136566,136568,136569],{"id":135531,"depth":138,"text":136565},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135668,"depth":138,"text":136567},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135812,"depth":138,"text":135813},{"id":135887,"depth":138,"text":136570},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136002,"depth":131,"text":136572,"children":136573},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136574,136576],{"id":136017,"depth":138,"text":136575},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136099,"depth":138,"text":136577},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136223,"depth":131,"text":136224},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":136580},[136581,136583,136585,136587,136589],{"id":136437,"depth":138,"text":136582},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136452,"depth":138,"text":136584},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136460,"depth":138,"text":136586},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136470,"depth":138,"text":136588},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136479,"depth":138,"text":136590},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133816,"description":136592},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136599,"title":136600,"body":136601,"description":138169,"extension":2572,"meta":138170,"navigation":134,"path":138171,"seo":138172,"stem":138173,"__hash__":138174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136602,"toc":138136},[136603,136608,136613,136615,136629,136674,136681,136686,136691,136693,136709,136718,136720,136722,136737,136739,136749,136751,136813,136815,136818,136879,136881,136897,136899,136912,136915,136962,136964,136970,136973,136976,137036,137044,137130,137134,137139,137141,137155,137158,137243,137246,137304,137315,137370,137372,137379,137385,137391,137435,137438,137485,137487,137489,137496,137498,137529,137532,137534,137565,137569,137572,137574,137614,137616,137659,137665,137670,137672,137699,137704,137707,137756,137760,137763,137838,137849,137852,137909,137916,137922,137930,137935,137942,137949,137967,137969,138023,138031,138033,138038,138041,138047,138053,138058,138061,138067,138073,138080,138088,138090,138133],[10,136604,123742,136606,11943],{"id":136605},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136607,124472],{},[14,136609,123747,136610,136612],{},[18,136611,124472],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136614,24710],{},[389,136616,136617,136620,136623,136626],{},[392,136618,136619],{},"convert text to lowercase",[392,136621,136622],{},"compare text without case differences",[392,136624,136625],{},"clean up user input",[392,136627,136628],{},"make simple text matching easier",[34,136630,136632],{"className":36,"code":136631,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136633,136634,136647,136661],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136635,136636,136638,136640,136642,136645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136637,35316],{"class":49},[43,136639,98],{"class":97},[43,136641,276],{"class":264},[43,136643,136644],{"class":268},"Hello WORLD",[43,136646,3969],{"class":264},[43,136648,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136650,2836],{"class":49},[43,136652,98],{"class":97},[43,136654,43467],{"class":49},[43,136656,79],{"class":53},[43,136658,9259],{"class":148},[43,136660,9262],{"class":53},[43,136662,136663,136665,136667,136669,136671],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136664,142],{"class":141},[43,136666,145],{"class":53},[43,136668,2871],{"class":148},[43,136670,4272],{"class":53},[43,136672,136673],{"class":165},"  # hello world\n",[14,136675,136676,89350,136678,136680],{},[76,136677,84208],{},[18,136679,124472],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[81,136682,4289,136684,4292],{"id":136683},"what-lower-does",[18,136685,124472],{},[14,136687,136688,136690],{},[18,136689,124472],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136692,387],{},[389,136694,136695,136700,136703,136706],{},[392,136696,136697,136699],{},[18,136698,124472],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[392,136701,136702],{},"It works on string objects",[392,136704,136705],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[392,136707,136708],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136710,125494,136711,136715,136716,79],{},[269,136712,136714],{"href":136713},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[269,136717,51604],{"href":51603},[81,136719,2763],{"id":2762},[14,136721,2766],{},[34,136723,136725],{"className":36,"code":136724,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.lower()\n",[18,136726,136727],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136728,136729,136731,136733,136735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136730,61799],{"class":49},[43,136732,79],{"class":53},[43,136734,9259],{"class":148},[43,136736,9262],{"class":53},[14,136738,44276],{},[389,136740,136741,136743,136746],{},[392,136742,97915],{},[392,136744,136745],{},"You call it directly on a string",[392,136747,136748],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136750,494],{},[34,136752,136754],{"className":36,"code":136753,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136755,136756,136779,136783,136796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136757,136758,136760,136762,136764,136767,136769,136771,136773,136776],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136759,142],{"class":141},[43,136761,145],{"class":53},[43,136763,265],{"class":264},[43,136765,136766],{"class":268},"HELLO",[43,136768,265],{"class":264},[43,136770,79],{"class":53},[43,136772,9259],{"class":148},[43,136774,136775],{"class":53},"())",[43,136777,136778],{"class":165},"  # hello\n",[43,136780,136781],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136782,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136794],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136786,8494],{"class":49},[43,136788,98],{"class":97},[43,136790,276],{"class":264},[43,136792,136793],{"class":268},"PyThOn",[43,136795,3969],{"class":264},[43,136797,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136799,142],{"class":141},[43,136801,145],{"class":53},[43,136803,8286],{"class":148},[43,136805,79],{"class":53},[43,136807,9259],{"class":148},[43,136809,136775],{"class":53},[43,136811,136812],{"class":165},"  # python\n",[81,136814,12097],{"id":12096},[14,136816,136817],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[34,136819,136821],{"className":36,"code":136820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136822,136823,136835,136839,136854,136858,136869],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136824,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136826,35316],{"class":49},[43,136828,98],{"class":97},[43,136830,276],{"class":264},[43,136832,136644],{"class":268},[43,136834,3969],{"class":264},[43,136836,136837],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136838,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136840,136841,136844,136846,136848,136850,136852],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136842,136843],{"class":49},"lower_text ",[43,136845,98],{"class":97},[43,136847,43467],{"class":49},[43,136849,79],{"class":53},[43,136851,9259],{"class":148},[43,136853,9262],{"class":53},[43,136855,136856],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136857,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136859,136860,136862,136864,136867],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,136861,142],{"class":141},[43,136863,145],{"class":53},[43,136865,136866],{"class":148},"lower_text",[43,136868,346],{"class":53},[43,136870,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,136872,142],{"class":141},[43,136874,145],{"class":53},[43,136876,35337],{"class":148},[43,136878,346],{"class":53},[14,136880,349],{},[34,136882,136884],{"className":36,"code":136883,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136885,136886,136890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136887,136888],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136889,134758],{"class":49},[43,136891,136892,136894],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136893,132158],{"class":49},[43,136895,136896],{"class":35081},"WORLD\n",[14,136898,25230],{},[389,136900,136901,136906],{},[392,136902,136903,136905],{},[18,136904,124472],{}," returns the lowercase result",[392,136907,136908,136909,136911],{},"the original ",[18,136910,35337],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136913,136914],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[34,136916,136918],{"className":36,"code":136917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136919,136920,136932,136946,136950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136923,35316],{"class":49},[43,136925,98],{"class":97},[43,136927,276],{"class":264},[43,136929,136644],{"class":268},[43,136931,3969],{"class":264},[43,136933,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136935,35316],{"class":49},[43,136937,98],{"class":97},[43,136939,43467],{"class":49},[43,136941,79],{"class":53},[43,136943,9259],{"class":148},[43,136945,9262],{"class":53},[43,136947,136948],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,136949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,136951,136952,136954,136956,136958,136960],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,136953,142],{"class":141},[43,136955,145],{"class":53},[43,136957,35337],{"class":148},[43,136959,4272],{"class":53},[43,136961,136673],{"class":165},[81,136963,18040],{"id":18039},[14,136965,136966,22597,136968,79],{},[18,136967,124472],{},[76,136969,61799],{},[14,136971,136972],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136974,136975],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[34,136977,136979],{"className":36,"code":136978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136980,136981,136995,136999,137022],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136982,136983,136986,136988,136990,136993],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136984,136985],{"class":49},"answer ",[43,136987,98],{"class":97},[43,136989,276],{"class":264},[43,136991,136992],{"class":268},"YES",[43,136994,3969],{"class":264},[43,136996,136997],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,136998,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137000,137001,137003,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137002,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137004,137005],{"class":49}," answer",[43,137007,79],{"class":53},[43,137009,9259],{"class":148},[43,137011,7983],{"class":53},[43,137013,7024],{"class":97},[43,137015,276],{"class":264},[43,137017,9277],{"class":268},[43,137019,265],{"class":264},[43,137021,7009],{"class":53},[43,137023,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032,137034],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137025,8687],{"class":141},[43,137027,145],{"class":53},[43,137029,265],{"class":264},[43,137031,97224],{"class":268},[43,137033,265],{"class":264},[43,137035,346],{"class":53},[14,137037,137038,137039,59],{},"This is especially useful with ",[269,137040,137041,137042,2910],{"href":8838},"the ",[18,137043,3567],{},[34,137045,137047],{"className":36,"code":137046,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,137048,137049,137068,137072,137094,137109,137115],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137050,137051,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061,137064,137066],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137052,136985],{"class":49},[43,137054,98],{"class":97},[43,137056,8861],{"class":141},[43,137058,145],{"class":53},[43,137060,265],{"class":264},[43,137062,137063],{"class":268},"Type yes or no: ",[43,137065,265],{"class":264},[43,137067,346],{"class":53},[43,137069,137070],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137071,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137073,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137075,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137077,137005],{"class":49},[43,137079,79],{"class":53},[43,137081,9259],{"class":148},[43,137083,7983],{"class":53},[43,137085,7024],{"class":97},[43,137087,276],{"class":264},[43,137089,9277],{"class":268},[43,137091,265],{"class":264},[43,137093,7009],{"class":53},[43,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102,137105,137107],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137097,8687],{"class":141},[43,137099,145],{"class":53},[43,137101,265],{"class":264},[43,137103,137104],{"class":268},"You typed yes",[43,137106,265],{"class":264},[43,137108,346],{"class":53},[43,137110,137111,137113],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,137112,28058],{"class":4491},[43,137114,7009],{"class":53},[43,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137126,137128],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,137118,8687],{"class":141},[43,137120,145],{"class":53},[43,137122,265],{"class":264},[43,137124,137125],{"class":268},"You typed something else",[43,137127,265],{"class":264},[43,137129,346],{"class":53},[81,137131,137133],{"id":137132},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,137135,137136,137138],{},[18,137137,124472],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,137140,7960],{},[389,137142,137143,137146,137149,137152],{},[392,137144,137145],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[392,137147,137148],{},"Make text matching easier",[392,137150,137151],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[392,137153,137154],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,137156,137157],{},"Example: checking user input",[34,137159,137161],{"className":36,"code":137160,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,137162,137163,137181,137185,137207,137222,137228],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137166,45585],{"class":49},[43,137168,98],{"class":97},[43,137170,8861],{"class":141},[43,137172,145],{"class":53},[43,137174,265],{"class":264},[43,137176,45596],{"class":268},[43,137178,265],{"class":264},[43,137180,346],{"class":53},[43,137182,137183],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137184,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137186,137187,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137188,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137190,36481],{"class":49},[43,137192,79],{"class":53},[43,137194,9259],{"class":148},[43,137196,7983],{"class":53},[43,137198,7024],{"class":97},[43,137200,276],{"class":264},[43,137202,13734],{"class":268},[43,137204,265],{"class":264},[43,137206,7009],{"class":53},[43,137208,137209,137211,137213,137215,137218,137220],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137210,8687],{"class":141},[43,137212,145],{"class":53},[43,137214,265],{"class":264},[43,137216,137217],{"class":268},"Nice choice!",[43,137219,265],{"class":264},[43,137221,346],{"class":53},[43,137223,137224,137226],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,137225,28058],{"class":4491},[43,137227,7009],{"class":53},[43,137229,137230,137232,137234,137236,137239,137241],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,137231,8687],{"class":141},[43,137233,145],{"class":53},[43,137235,265],{"class":264},[43,137237,137238],{"class":268},"Got it.",[43,137240,265],{"class":264},[43,137242,346],{"class":53},[14,137244,137245],{},"Example: simple search",[34,137247,137249],{"className":36,"code":137248,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,137250,137251,137264,137268,137289],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137252,137253,137255,137257,137259,137262],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137254,90394],{"class":49},[43,137256,98],{"class":97},[43,137258,276],{"class":264},[43,137260,137261],{"class":268},"Python Is Fun",[43,137263,3969],{"class":264},[43,137265,137266],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137269,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280,137283,137285,137287],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137271,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137273,276],{"class":264},[43,137275,38],{"class":268},[43,137277,265],{"class":264},[43,137279,21795],{"class":97},[43,137281,137282],{"class":49}," message",[43,137284,79],{"class":53},[43,137286,9259],{"class":148},[43,137288,22217],{"class":53},[43,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137300,137302],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137292,8687],{"class":141},[43,137294,145],{"class":53},[43,137296,265],{"class":264},[43,137298,137299],{"class":268},"Found it",[43,137301,265],{"class":264},[43,137303,346],{"class":53},[14,137305,137306,137307,137309,137310,59],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,137308,124472],{}," is often used with ",[269,137311,137313],{"href":137312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,137314,42279],{},[34,137316,137318],{"className":36,"code":137317,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,137319,137320,137333,137352,137356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137321,137322,137324,137326,137328,137331],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137323,8494],{"class":49},[43,137325,98],{"class":97},[43,137327,276],{"class":264},[43,137329,137330],{"class":268},"  ALICE  ",[43,137332,3969],{"class":264},[43,137334,137335,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348,137350],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137336,137337],{"class":49},"clean_name ",[43,137339,98],{"class":97},[43,137341,36622],{"class":49},[43,137343,79],{"class":53},[43,137345,9253],{"class":148},[43,137347,9256],{"class":53},[43,137349,9259],{"class":148},[43,137351,9262],{"class":53},[43,137353,137354],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137355,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137357,137358,137360,137362,137365,137367],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137359,142],{"class":141},[43,137361,145],{"class":53},[43,137363,137364],{"class":148},"clean_name",[43,137366,4272],{"class":53},[43,137368,137369],{"class":165},"  # alice\n",[81,137371,16219],{"id":16218},[14,137373,137374,137375,137378],{},"Strings are ",[76,137376,137377],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137380,137381,137382,137384],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,137383,124472],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137386,137387,137388,137390],{},"So this does ",[76,137389,1957],{}," update the original variable:",[34,137392,137394],{"className":36,"code":137393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,137395,137396,137408,137418,137422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137397,137398,137400,137402,137404,137406],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137399,35316],{"class":49},[43,137401,98],{"class":97},[43,137403,276],{"class":264},[43,137405,136766],{"class":268},[43,137407,3969],{"class":264},[43,137409,137410,137412,137414,137416],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137411,35337],{"class":49},[43,137413,79],{"class":53},[43,137415,9259],{"class":148},[43,137417,9262],{"class":53},[43,137419,137420],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137421,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137425,142],{"class":141},[43,137427,145],{"class":53},[43,137429,35337],{"class":148},[43,137431,4272],{"class":53},[43,137433,137434],{"class":165},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137436,137437],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[34,137439,137441],{"className":36,"code":137440,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137442,137443,137455,137469,137473],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137444,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137446,35316],{"class":49},[43,137448,98],{"class":97},[43,137450,276],{"class":264},[43,137452,136766],{"class":268},[43,137454,3969],{"class":264},[43,137456,137457,137459,137461,137463,137465,137467],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137458,35316],{"class":49},[43,137460,98],{"class":97},[43,137462,43467],{"class":49},[43,137464,79],{"class":53},[43,137466,9259],{"class":148},[43,137468,9262],{"class":53},[43,137470,137471],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137472,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137474,137475,137477,137479,137481,137483],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137476,142],{"class":141},[43,137478,145],{"class":53},[43,137480,35337],{"class":148},[43,137482,4272],{"class":53},[43,137484,136778],{"class":165},[81,137486,3438],{"id":3437},[1499,137488,26311],{"id":26310},[14,137490,137491,137492,11713,137494,79],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137493,9259],{},[18,137495,124472],{},[14,137497,1970],{},[34,137499,137501],{"className":36,"code":137500,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137502,137503,137515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137504,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137506,35316],{"class":49},[43,137508,98],{"class":97},[43,137510,276],{"class":264},[43,137512,136766],{"class":268},[43,137514,3969],{"class":264},[43,137516,137517,137519,137521,137523,137525,137527],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137518,142],{"class":141},[43,137520,145],{"class":53},[43,137522,35337],{"class":148},[43,137524,79],{"class":53},[43,137526,9259],{"class":25373},[43,137528,346],{"class":53},[14,137530,137531],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137533,17277],{},[34,137535,137537],{"className":36,"code":137536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137538,137539,137551],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137540,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137542,35316],{"class":49},[43,137544,98],{"class":97},[43,137546,276],{"class":264},[43,137548,136766],{"class":268},[43,137550,3969],{"class":264},[43,137552,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137554,142],{"class":141},[43,137556,145],{"class":53},[43,137558,35337],{"class":148},[43,137560,79],{"class":53},[43,137562,9259],{"class":148},[43,137564,7811],{"class":53},[1499,137566,137568],{"id":137567},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137570,137571],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137573,1970],{},[34,137575,137577],{"className":36,"code":137576,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137578,137579,137591,137601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137580,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137582,35316],{"class":49},[43,137584,98],{"class":97},[43,137586,276],{"class":264},[43,137588,136766],{"class":268},[43,137590,3969],{"class":264},[43,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137594,35337],{"class":49},[43,137596,79],{"class":53},[43,137598,9259],{"class":148},[43,137600,9262],{"class":53},[43,137602,137603,137605,137607,137609,137611],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137604,142],{"class":141},[43,137606,145],{"class":53},[43,137608,35337],{"class":148},[43,137610,4272],{"class":53},[43,137612,137613],{"class":165},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137615,17277],{},[34,137617,137619],{"className":36,"code":137618,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137620,137621,137633,137647],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137622,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137624,35316],{"class":49},[43,137626,98],{"class":97},[43,137628,276],{"class":264},[43,137630,136766],{"class":268},[43,137632,3969],{"class":264},[43,137634,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643,137645],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137636,35316],{"class":49},[43,137638,98],{"class":97},[43,137640,43467],{"class":49},[43,137642,79],{"class":53},[43,137644,9259],{"class":148},[43,137646,9262],{"class":53},[43,137648,137649,137651,137653,137655,137657],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137650,142],{"class":141},[43,137652,145],{"class":53},[43,137654,35337],{"class":148},[43,137656,4272],{"class":53},[43,137658,136778],{"class":165},[1499,137660,2445,137662,137664],{"id":137661},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137663,124472],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137666,137667,137669],{},[18,137668,124472],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137671,1970],{},[34,137673,137675],{"className":36,"code":137674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137676,137677,137685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137678,137679,137681,137683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137680,2823],{"class":49},[43,137682,98],{"class":97},[43,137684,125424],{"class":104},[43,137686,137687,137689,137691,137693,137695,137697],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137688,142],{"class":141},[43,137690,145],{"class":53},[43,137692,2846],{"class":148},[43,137694,79],{"class":53},[43,137696,9259],{"class":148},[43,137698,7811],{"class":53},[14,137700,137701,137702,34228],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137703,124472],{},[14,137705,137706],{},"You can check the type first:",[34,137708,137710],{"className":36,"code":137709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137711,137712,137724,137728,137742],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137713,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137715,35316],{"class":49},[43,137717,98],{"class":97},[43,137719,276],{"class":264},[43,137721,136766],{"class":268},[43,137723,3969],{"class":264},[43,137725,137726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137729,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137731,142],{"class":141},[43,137733,145],{"class":53},[43,137735,3832],{"class":3510},[43,137737,145],{"class":53},[43,137739,35337],{"class":148},[43,137741,2377],{"class":53},[43,137743,137744,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137745,142],{"class":141},[43,137747,145],{"class":53},[43,137749,35337],{"class":148},[43,137751,79],{"class":53},[43,137753,9259],{"class":148},[43,137755,7811],{"class":53},[1499,137757,137759],{"id":137758},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137761,137762],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[34,137764,137766],{"className":36,"code":137765,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137767,137768,137781,137785,137802,137817,137823],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137769,137770,137772,137774,137776,137779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137771,136985],{"class":49},[43,137773,98],{"class":97},[43,137775,276],{"class":264},[43,137777,137778],{"class":268},"Yes",[43,137780,3969],{"class":264},[43,137782,137783],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137784,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137786,137787,137789,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137788,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137790,137791],{"class":49}," answer ",[43,137793,5304],{"class":97},[43,137795,276],{"class":264},[43,137797,9277],{"class":268},[43,137799,265],{"class":264},[43,137801,7009],{"class":53},[43,137803,137804,137806,137808,137810,137813,137815],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137805,8687],{"class":141},[43,137807,145],{"class":53},[43,137809,265],{"class":264},[43,137811,137812],{"class":268},"Match",[43,137814,265],{"class":264},[43,137816,346],{"class":53},[43,137818,137819,137821],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,137820,28058],{"class":4491},[43,137822,7009],{"class":53},[43,137824,137825,137827,137829,137831,137834,137836],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,137826,8687],{"class":141},[43,137828,145],{"class":53},[43,137830,265],{"class":264},[43,137832,137833],{"class":268},"No match",[43,137835,265],{"class":264},[43,137837,346],{"class":53},[14,137839,29686,137840,1233,137843,137846,137847,79],{},[18,137841,137842],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137844,137845],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137848,137833],{},[14,137850,137851],{},"Better:",[34,137853,137855],{"className":36,"code":137854,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137856,137857,137869,137873,137895],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137858,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137860,136985],{"class":49},[43,137862,98],{"class":97},[43,137864,276],{"class":264},[43,137866,137778],{"class":268},[43,137868,3969],{"class":264},[43,137870,137871],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137872,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137874,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137876,7614],{"class":4491},[43,137878,137005],{"class":49},[43,137880,79],{"class":53},[43,137882,9259],{"class":148},[43,137884,7983],{"class":53},[43,137886,7024],{"class":97},[43,137888,276],{"class":264},[43,137890,9277],{"class":268},[43,137892,265],{"class":264},[43,137894,7009],{"class":53},[43,137896,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,137898,8687],{"class":141},[43,137900,145],{"class":53},[43,137902,265],{"class":264},[43,137904,137812],{"class":268},[43,137906,265],{"class":264},[43,137908,346],{"class":53},[1499,137910,44839,137912,137915],{"id":137911},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137913,137914],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137917,137918,137919,137921],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137920,124472],{}," is enough.",[14,137923,137924,137925,137927,137928,79],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137926,137914],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137929,124472],{},[14,137931,137932,137933,122984],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137934,124472],{},[81,137936,137938,11205,137940],{"id":137937},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137939,124472],{},[18,137941,128620],{},[14,137943,137944,1233,137946,137948],{},[18,137945,124472],{},[18,137947,128620],{}," are very similar.",[389,137950,137951,137956,137961,137964],{},[392,137952,137953,137955],{},[18,137954,124472],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[392,137957,137958,137960],{},[18,137959,128620],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[392,137962,137963],{},"Both return new strings",[392,137965,137966],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137968,494],{},[34,137970,137972],{"className":36,"code":137971,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137973,137974,137986,137990,138006],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137975,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137977,35316],{"class":49},[43,137979,98],{"class":97},[43,137981,276],{"class":264},[43,137983,129461],{"class":268},[43,137985,3969],{"class":264},[43,137987,137988],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,137989,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,137991,137992,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,137993,142],{"class":141},[43,137995,145],{"class":53},[43,137997,35337],{"class":148},[43,137999,79],{"class":53},[43,138001,9259],{"class":148},[43,138003,136775],{"class":53},[43,138005,136673],{"class":165},[43,138007,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138009,142],{"class":141},[43,138011,145],{"class":53},[43,138013,35337],{"class":148},[43,138015,79],{"class":53},[43,138017,35106],{"class":148},[43,138019,136775],{"class":53},[43,138021,138022],{"class":165},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,138024,138025,138026,79],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[269,138027,126742,138029,11361],{"href":138028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,138030,128620],{},[81,138032,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,138034,13328,138036,125069],{"id":138035},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,138037,124472],{},[14,138039,138040],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1499,138042,13328,138044,138046],{"id":138043},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,138045,124472],{}," take any arguments?",[14,138048,138049,138050,79],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,138051,138052],{},"string.lower()",[1499,138054,2476,138056,13340],{"id":138055},"what-does-lower-return",[18,138057,124472],{},[14,138059,138060],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1499,138062,28953,138064,138066],{"id":138063},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,138065,124472],{}," on user input?",[14,138068,138069,138070,138072],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,138071,3567],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1499,138074,5794,138076,1233,138078,2490],{"id":138075},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,138077,124472],{},[18,138079,137914],{},[14,138081,138082,138084,138085,138087],{},[18,138083,124472],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,138086,137914],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[81,138089,2497],{"id":2496},[389,138091,138092,138096,138102,138108,138114,138118,138122,138128],{},[392,138093,138094],{},[269,138095,51604],{"href":51603},[392,138097,138098],{},[269,138099,126742,138100,11361],{"href":138028},[18,138101,128620],{},[392,138103,138104],{},[269,138105,126742,138106,11361],{"href":137312},[18,138107,42279],{},[392,138109,138110],{},[269,138111,126742,138112,11361],{"href":130323},[18,138113,124913],{},[392,138115,138116],{},[269,138117,125141],{"href":123997},[392,138119,138120],{},[269,138121,91070],{"href":90079},[392,138123,138124],{},[269,138125,4187,138126,4120],{"href":8838},[18,138127,3567],{},[392,138129,138130],{},[269,138131,138132],{"href":136713},"What is a string in Python?",[2536,138134,138135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":138137},[138138,138140,138141,138142,138143,138144,138145,138154,138156,138168],{"id":136683,"depth":131,"text":138139},"What lower() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":137132,"depth":131,"text":137133},{"id":16218,"depth":131,"text":16219},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":138146},[138147,138148,138149,138151,138152],{"id":26310,"depth":138,"text":26311},{"id":137567,"depth":138,"text":137568},{"id":137661,"depth":138,"text":138150},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137758,"depth":138,"text":137759},{"id":137911,"depth":138,"text":138153},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137937,"depth":131,"text":138155},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":138157},[138158,138160,138162,138164,138166],{"id":138035,"depth":138,"text":138159},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138043,"depth":138,"text":138161},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138055,"depth":138,"text":138163},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138063,"depth":138,"text":138165},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138075,"depth":138,"text":138167},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136600,"description":138169},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138176,"title":138177,"body":138178,"description":139728,"extension":2572,"meta":139729,"navigation":134,"path":139730,"seo":139731,"stem":139732,"__hash__":139733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138179,"toc":139689},[138180,138185,138190,138196,138211,138213,138273,138275,138284,138290,138295,138300,138302,138316,138320,138322,138369,138371,138389,138391,138394,138465,138467,138481,138484,138496,138505,138509,138514,138519,138523,138589,138591,138600,138604,138669,138671,138680,138683,138688,138692,138697,138701,138762,138764,138773,138777,138780,138836,138838,138847,138850,138863,138865,138869,138876,138938,138940,138953,138959,138962,138969,138974,138979,138982,138990,138992,139053,139055,139064,139067,139114,139117,139164,139166,139171,139188,139195,139200,139253,139255,139263,139265,139322,139324,139332,139336,139383,139385,139393,139401,139405,139453,139455,139464,139469,139520,139522,139531,139538,139541,139562,139564,139569,139572,139576,139579,139583,139586,139613,139619,139622,139649,139654,139656,139658,139686],[10,138181,123742,138183,11943],{"id":138182},"python-string-replace-method",[18,138184,124913],{},[14,138186,123747,138187,138189],{},[18,138188,124913],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,138191,138192,138193,138195],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,138194,124913],{},". You will learn:",[389,138197,138198,138202,138205,138208],{},[392,138199,26643,138200,4292],{},[18,138201,124913],{},[392,138203,138204],{},"how its syntax works",[392,138206,138207],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[392,138209,138210],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[81,138212,84],{"id":83},[34,138214,138216],{"className":36,"code":138215,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138217,138218,138231,138263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138219,138220,138222,138224,138226,138229],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138221,35316],{"class":49},[43,138223,98],{"class":97},[43,138225,276],{"class":264},[43,138227,138228],{"class":268},"I like cats",[43,138230,3969],{"class":264},[43,138232,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138250,138252,138254,138256,138259,138261],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138234,130581],{"class":49},[43,138236,98],{"class":97},[43,138238,43467],{"class":49},[43,138240,79],{"class":53},[43,138242,35628],{"class":148},[43,138244,145],{"class":53},[43,138246,265],{"class":264},[43,138248,138249],{"class":268},"cats",[43,138251,265],{"class":264},[43,138253,108],{"class":53},[43,138255,276],{"class":264},[43,138257,138258],{"class":268},"dogs",[43,138260,265],{"class":264},[43,138262,346],{"class":53},[43,138264,138265,138267,138269,138271],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138266,142],{"class":141},[43,138268,145],{"class":53},[43,138270,130612],{"class":148},[43,138272,346],{"class":53},[14,138274,349],{},[34,138276,138278],{"className":36,"code":138277,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like dogs\n",[18,138279,138280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138281,138282],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138283,138277],{"class":49},[14,138285,230,138286,138289],{},[18,138287,138288],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[81,138291,4289,138293,4292],{"id":138292},"what-replace-does",[18,138294,124913],{},[14,138296,138297,138299],{},[18,138298,124913],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,138301,387],{},[389,138303,138304,138306,138308,138311],{},[392,138305,133990],{},[392,138307,136708],{},[392,138309,138310],{},"It works on exact matches",[392,138312,138313,138314],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,138315,41885],{},[14,138317,125494,138318,79],{},[269,138319,125497],{"href":51603},[81,138321,6047],{"id":6046},[34,138323,138325],{"className":36,"code":138324,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,138326,138327,138347],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138328,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138340,138342,138345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138330,61799],{"class":49},[43,138332,79],{"class":53},[43,138334,35628],{"class":148},[43,138336,145],{"class":53},[43,138338,138339],{"class":148},"old",[43,138341,108],{"class":53},[43,138343,138344],{"class":148}," new",[43,138346,346],{"class":53},[43,138348,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138350,61799],{"class":49},[43,138352,79],{"class":53},[43,138354,35628],{"class":148},[43,138356,145],{"class":53},[43,138358,138339],{"class":148},[43,138360,108],{"class":53},[43,138362,138344],{"class":148},[43,138364,108],{"class":53},[43,138366,50230],{"class":148},[43,138368,346],{"class":53},[1499,138370,18016],{"id":18015},[389,138372,138373,138378,138384],{},[392,138374,138375,138377],{},[18,138376,138339],{}," = the text to find",[392,138379,138380,138383],{},[18,138381,138382],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[392,138385,138386,138388],{},[18,138387,41885],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[81,138390,6403],{"id":6402},[14,138392,138393],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[34,138395,138397],{"className":36,"code":138396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138398,138399,138411,138441,138445,138455],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138400,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138402,35316],{"class":49},[43,138404,98],{"class":97},[43,138406,276],{"class":264},[43,138408,138228],{"class":268},[43,138410,3969],{"class":264},[43,138412,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138414,130581],{"class":49},[43,138416,98],{"class":97},[43,138418,43467],{"class":49},[43,138420,79],{"class":53},[43,138422,35628],{"class":148},[43,138424,145],{"class":53},[43,138426,265],{"class":264},[43,138428,138249],{"class":268},[43,138430,265],{"class":264},[43,138432,108],{"class":53},[43,138434,276],{"class":264},[43,138436,138258],{"class":268},[43,138438,265],{"class":264},[43,138440,346],{"class":53},[43,138442,138443],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138444,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138446,138447,138449,138451,138453],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138448,142],{"class":141},[43,138450,145],{"class":53},[43,138452,35337],{"class":148},[43,138454,346],{"class":53},[43,138456,138457,138459,138461,138463],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,138458,142],{"class":141},[43,138460,145],{"class":53},[43,138462,130612],{"class":148},[43,138464,346],{"class":53},[14,138466,349],{},[34,138468,138470],{"className":36,"code":138469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138471,138472,138477],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138473,138474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138475,138476],{"class":49},"I like cats\n",[43,138478,138479],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138480,138277],{"class":49},[14,138482,138483],{},"Notice what happened:",[389,138485,138486,138491],{},[392,138487,138488,138490],{},[18,138489,35337],{}," did not change",[392,138492,138493,138495],{},[18,138494,130612],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138497,138498,138499,138501,138502,138504],{},"This happens because strings are ",[76,138500,137377],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138503,124913],{}," return a new string instead.",[81,138506,138508],{"id":138507},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138510,90088,138511,138513],{},[18,138512,124913],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138515,138516,138517,37250],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138518,41885],{},[1499,138520,138522],{"id":138521},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[34,138524,138526],{"className":36,"code":138525,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138527,138528,138541,138575,138579],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138529,138530,138532,138534,138536,138539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138531,35316],{"class":49},[43,138533,98],{"class":97},[43,138535,276],{"class":264},[43,138537,138538],{"class":268},"cat cat cat",[43,138540,3969],{"class":264},[43,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138544,2836],{"class":49},[43,138546,98],{"class":97},[43,138548,43467],{"class":49},[43,138550,79],{"class":53},[43,138552,35628],{"class":148},[43,138554,145],{"class":53},[43,138556,265],{"class":264},[43,138558,37675],{"class":268},[43,138560,265],{"class":264},[43,138562,108],{"class":53},[43,138564,276],{"class":264},[43,138566,58753],{"class":268},[43,138568,265],{"class":264},[43,138570,108],{"class":53},[43,138572,6113],{"class":104},[43,138574,346],{"class":53},[43,138576,138577],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138578,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138580,138581,138583,138585,138587],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138582,142],{"class":141},[43,138584,145],{"class":53},[43,138586,2871],{"class":148},[43,138588,346],{"class":53},[14,138590,349],{},[34,138592,138594],{"className":36,"code":138593,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138595,138596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138597,138598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138599,138593],{"class":49},[1499,138601,138603],{"id":138602},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[34,138605,138607],{"className":36,"code":138606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138608,138609,138621,138655,138659],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138610,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138612,35316],{"class":49},[43,138614,98],{"class":97},[43,138616,276],{"class":264},[43,138618,138538],{"class":268},[43,138620,3969],{"class":264},[43,138622,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138624,2836],{"class":49},[43,138626,98],{"class":97},[43,138628,43467],{"class":49},[43,138630,79],{"class":53},[43,138632,35628],{"class":148},[43,138634,145],{"class":53},[43,138636,265],{"class":264},[43,138638,37675],{"class":268},[43,138640,265],{"class":264},[43,138642,108],{"class":53},[43,138644,276],{"class":264},[43,138646,58753],{"class":268},[43,138648,265],{"class":264},[43,138650,108],{"class":53},[43,138652,1525],{"class":104},[43,138654,346],{"class":53},[43,138656,138657],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138658,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138660,138661,138663,138665,138667],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138662,142],{"class":141},[43,138664,145],{"class":53},[43,138666,2871],{"class":148},[43,138668,346],{"class":53},[14,138670,349],{},[34,138672,138674],{"className":36,"code":138673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138675,138676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138677,138678],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138679,138673],{"class":49},[14,138681,138682],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138684,138685,138686,79],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[269,138687,128466],{"href":124910},[81,138689,138691],{"id":138690},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138693,138694,138696],{},[18,138695,124913],{}," can also change single characters.",[1499,138698,138700],{"id":138699},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[34,138702,138704],{"className":36,"code":138703,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138705,138706,138718,138748,138752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138707,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138709,35316],{"class":49},[43,138711,98],{"class":97},[43,138713,276],{"class":264},[43,138715,4703],{"class":268},[43,138717,3969],{"class":264},[43,138719,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138721,2836],{"class":49},[43,138723,98],{"class":97},[43,138725,43467],{"class":49},[43,138727,79],{"class":53},[43,138729,35628],{"class":148},[43,138731,145],{"class":53},[43,138733,265],{"class":264},[43,138735,269],{"class":268},[43,138737,265],{"class":264},[43,138739,108],{"class":53},[43,138741,276],{"class":264},[43,138743,61099],{"class":268},[43,138745,265],{"class":264},[43,138747,346],{"class":53},[43,138749,138750],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138751,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138753,138754,138756,138758,138760],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138755,142],{"class":141},[43,138757,145],{"class":53},[43,138759,2871],{"class":148},[43,138761,346],{"class":53},[14,138763,349],{},[34,138765,138767],{"className":36,"code":138766,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bonono\n",[18,138768,138769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138770,138771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138772,138766],{"class":49},[1499,138774,138776],{"id":138775},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138778,138779],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[34,138781,138783],{"className":36,"code":138782,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138784,138785,138798,138822,138826],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138786,138787,138789,138791,138793,138796],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138788,35316],{"class":49},[43,138790,98],{"class":97},[43,138792,276],{"class":264},[43,138794,138795],{"class":268},"a b c",[43,138797,3969],{"class":264},[43,138799,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138801,2836],{"class":49},[43,138803,98],{"class":97},[43,138805,43467],{"class":49},[43,138807,79],{"class":53},[43,138809,35628],{"class":148},[43,138811,145],{"class":53},[43,138813,265],{"class":264},[43,138815,276],{"class":264},[43,138817,108],{"class":53},[43,138819,6741],{"class":264},[43,138821,346],{"class":53},[43,138823,138824],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138825,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138827,138828,138830,138832,138834],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138829,142],{"class":141},[43,138831,145],{"class":53},[43,138833,2871],{"class":148},[43,138835,346],{"class":53},[14,138837,349],{},[34,138839,138841],{"className":36,"code":138840,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abc\n",[18,138842,138843],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138844,138845],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138846,138840],{"class":49},[14,138848,138849],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138851,138852,138853,138857,138858,138862],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[269,138854,126742,138855,11361],{"href":129429},[18,138856,61157],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[269,138859,126742,138860,11361],{"href":137312},[18,138861,42279],{}," is often a better choice.",[81,138864,124389],{"id":124388},[14,138866,138867,124200],{},[18,138868,124913],{},[14,138870,127787,138871,1233,138873,127794],{},[18,138872,113426],{},[18,138874,138875],{},"\"Cat\"",[34,138877,138879],{"className":36,"code":138878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138880,138881,138894,138924,138928],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138882,138883,138885,138887,138889,138892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138884,35316],{"class":49},[43,138886,98],{"class":97},[43,138888,276],{"class":264},[43,138890,138891],{"class":268},"Cat cat CAT",[43,138893,3969],{"class":264},[43,138895,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,138897,2836],{"class":49},[43,138899,98],{"class":97},[43,138901,43467],{"class":49},[43,138903,79],{"class":53},[43,138905,35628],{"class":148},[43,138907,145],{"class":53},[43,138909,265],{"class":264},[43,138911,37675],{"class":268},[43,138913,265],{"class":264},[43,138915,108],{"class":53},[43,138917,276],{"class":264},[43,138919,58753],{"class":268},[43,138921,265],{"class":264},[43,138923,346],{"class":53},[43,138925,138926],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,138927,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,138929,138930,138932,138934,138936],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,138931,142],{"class":141},[43,138933,145],{"class":53},[43,138935,2871],{"class":148},[43,138937,346],{"class":53},[14,138939,349],{},[34,138941,138943],{"className":36,"code":138942,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138944,138945],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138946,138947,138950],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138948,138949],{"class":49},"Cat dog ",[43,138951,138952],{"class":35081},"CAT\n",[14,138954,138955,138956,138958],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138957,113426],{}," was replaced.",[14,138960,138961],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138963,138964,138965,79],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[269,138966,126742,138967,11361],{"href":124469},[18,138968,124472],{},[81,138970,4289,138972,12328],{"id":138971},"what-replace-returns",[18,138973,124913],{},[14,138975,138976,138978],{},[18,138977,124913],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138980,138981],{},"If no match is found:",[389,138983,138984,138987],{},[392,138985,138986],{},"no error happens",[392,138988,138989],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138991,494],{},[34,138993,138995],{"className":36,"code":138994,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138996,138997,139009,139039,139043],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138998,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139000,35316],{"class":49},[43,139002,98],{"class":97},[43,139004,276],{"class":264},[43,139006,4459],{"class":268},[43,139008,3969],{"class":264},[43,139010,139011,139013,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139012,2836],{"class":49},[43,139014,98],{"class":97},[43,139016,43467],{"class":49},[43,139018,79],{"class":53},[43,139020,35628],{"class":148},[43,139022,145],{"class":53},[43,139024,265],{"class":264},[43,139026,2780],{"class":268},[43,139028,265],{"class":264},[43,139030,108],{"class":53},[43,139032,276],{"class":264},[43,139034,12368],{"class":268},[43,139036,265],{"class":264},[43,139038,346],{"class":53},[43,139040,139041],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,139042,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,139044,139045,139047,139049,139051],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,139046,142],{"class":141},[43,139048,145],{"class":53},[43,139050,2871],{"class":148},[43,139052,346],{"class":53},[14,139054,349],{},[34,139056,139058],{"className":36,"code":139057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello\n",[18,139059,139060],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139061,139062],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139063,139057],{"class":49},[14,139065,139066],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[34,139068,139070],{"className":36,"code":139069,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,139071,139072,139084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139073,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139075,35316],{"class":49},[43,139077,98],{"class":97},[43,139079,276],{"class":264},[43,139081,61033],{"class":268},[43,139083,3969],{"class":264},[43,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139087,130581],{"class":49},[43,139089,98],{"class":97},[43,139091,43467],{"class":49},[43,139093,79],{"class":53},[43,139095,35628],{"class":148},[43,139097,145],{"class":53},[43,139099,265],{"class":264},[43,139101,61217],{"class":268},[43,139103,265],{"class":264},[43,139105,108],{"class":53},[43,139107,276],{"class":264},[43,139109,7914],{"class":268},[43,139111,265],{"class":264},[43,139113,346],{"class":53},[14,139115,139116],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[34,139118,139120],{"className":36,"code":139119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,139121,139122,139134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139123,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139125,35316],{"class":49},[43,139127,98],{"class":97},[43,139129,276],{"class":264},[43,139131,61033],{"class":268},[43,139133,3969],{"class":264},[43,139135,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139137,35316],{"class":49},[43,139139,98],{"class":97},[43,139141,43467],{"class":49},[43,139143,79],{"class":53},[43,139145,35628],{"class":148},[43,139147,145],{"class":53},[43,139149,265],{"class":264},[43,139151,61217],{"class":268},[43,139153,265],{"class":264},[43,139155,108],{"class":53},[43,139157,276],{"class":264},[43,139159,7914],{"class":268},[43,139161,265],{"class":264},[43,139163,346],{"class":53},[81,139165,5134],{"id":5133},[14,139167,139168,139169,59],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,139170,124913],{},[389,139172,139173,139176,139180,139183],{},[392,139174,139175],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[392,139177,9071,139178,131962],{},[18,139179,124913],{},[392,139181,139182],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[392,139184,1860,139185,139187],{},[18,139186,124913],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1499,139189,139191,139192,139194],{"id":139190},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,139193,124913],{}," without assigning the result",[14,139196,139197,139198,59],{},"This does not update ",[18,139199,35337],{},[34,139201,139203],{"className":36,"code":139202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,139204,139205,139217,139243],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139206,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139208,35316],{"class":49},[43,139210,98],{"class":97},[43,139212,276],{"class":264},[43,139214,138228],{"class":268},[43,139216,3969],{"class":264},[43,139218,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235,139237,139239,139241],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139220,35337],{"class":49},[43,139222,79],{"class":53},[43,139224,35628],{"class":148},[43,139226,145],{"class":53},[43,139228,265],{"class":264},[43,139230,138249],{"class":268},[43,139232,265],{"class":264},[43,139234,108],{"class":53},[43,139236,276],{"class":264},[43,139238,138258],{"class":268},[43,139240,265],{"class":264},[43,139242,346],{"class":53},[43,139244,139245,139247,139249,139251],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,139246,142],{"class":141},[43,139248,145],{"class":53},[43,139250,35337],{"class":148},[43,139252,346],{"class":53},[14,139254,349],{},[34,139256,139257],{"className":36,"code":138476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,139258,139259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139260,139261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139262,138476],{"class":49},[14,139264,11428],{},[34,139266,139268],{"className":36,"code":139267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,139269,139270,139282,139312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139271,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139273,35316],{"class":49},[43,139275,98],{"class":97},[43,139277,276],{"class":264},[43,139279,138228],{"class":268},[43,139281,3969],{"class":264},[43,139283,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139285,35316],{"class":49},[43,139287,98],{"class":97},[43,139289,43467],{"class":49},[43,139291,79],{"class":53},[43,139293,35628],{"class":148},[43,139295,145],{"class":53},[43,139297,265],{"class":264},[43,139299,138249],{"class":268},[43,139301,265],{"class":264},[43,139303,108],{"class":53},[43,139305,276],{"class":264},[43,139307,138258],{"class":268},[43,139309,265],{"class":264},[43,139311,346],{"class":53},[43,139313,139314,139316,139318,139320],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,139315,142],{"class":141},[43,139317,145],{"class":53},[43,139319,35337],{"class":148},[43,139321,346],{"class":53},[14,139323,349],{},[34,139325,139326],{"className":36,"code":138277,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,139327,139328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139329,139330],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139331,138277],{"class":49},[1499,139333,139335],{"id":139334},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[34,139337,139339],{"className":36,"code":139338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,139340,139341,139353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139344,35316],{"class":49},[43,139346,98],{"class":97},[43,139348,276],{"class":264},[43,139350,35496],{"class":268},[43,139352,3969],{"class":264},[43,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139356,142],{"class":141},[43,139358,145],{"class":53},[43,139360,35337],{"class":148},[43,139362,79],{"class":53},[43,139364,35628],{"class":148},[43,139366,145],{"class":53},[43,139368,265],{"class":264},[43,139370,4459],{"class":268},[43,139372,265],{"class":264},[43,139374,108],{"class":53},[43,139376,276],{"class":264},[43,139378,90323],{"class":268},[43,139380,265],{"class":264},[43,139382,2377],{"class":53},[14,139384,349],{},[34,139386,139387],{"className":36,"code":89336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,139388,139389],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139390,139391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139392,89336],{"class":49},[14,139394,139395,139396,1233,139398,139400],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,139397,65160],{},[18,139399,90805],{}," are not the same.",[1499,139402,139404],{"id":139403},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[34,139406,139408],{"className":36,"code":139407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,139409,139410,139423],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139411,139412,139414,139416,139418,139421],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139413,35316],{"class":49},[43,139415,98],{"class":97},[43,139417,276],{"class":264},[43,139419,139420],{"class":268},"red red red",[43,139422,3969],{"class":264},[43,139424,139425,139427,139429,139431,139433,139435,139437,139439,139441,139443,139445,139447,139449,139451],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139426,142],{"class":141},[43,139428,145],{"class":53},[43,139430,35337],{"class":148},[43,139432,79],{"class":53},[43,139434,35628],{"class":148},[43,139436,145],{"class":53},[43,139438,265],{"class":264},[43,139440,13717],{"class":268},[43,139442,265],{"class":264},[43,139444,108],{"class":53},[43,139446,276],{"class":264},[43,139448,13734],{"class":268},[43,139450,265],{"class":264},[43,139452,2377],{"class":53},[14,139454,349],{},[34,139456,139458],{"className":36,"code":139457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139459,139460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139461,139462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139463,139457],{"class":49},[14,139465,139466,139467,59],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139468,41885],{},[34,139470,139472],{"className":36,"code":139471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139473,139474,139486],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139475,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139477,35316],{"class":49},[43,139479,98],{"class":97},[43,139481,276],{"class":264},[43,139483,139420],{"class":268},[43,139485,3969],{"class":264},[43,139487,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139489,142],{"class":141},[43,139491,145],{"class":53},[43,139493,35337],{"class":148},[43,139495,79],{"class":53},[43,139497,35628],{"class":148},[43,139499,145],{"class":53},[43,139501,265],{"class":264},[43,139503,13717],{"class":268},[43,139505,265],{"class":264},[43,139507,108],{"class":53},[43,139509,276],{"class":264},[43,139511,13734],{"class":268},[43,139513,265],{"class":264},[43,139515,108],{"class":53},[43,139517,6113],{"class":104},[43,139519,2377],{"class":53},[14,139521,349],{},[34,139523,139525],{"className":36,"code":139524,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue red red\n",[18,139526,139527],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139528,139529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139530,139524],{"class":49},[1499,139532,139534,139535,139537],{"id":139533},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139536,124913],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139539,139540],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[389,139542,139543,139550,139557],{},[392,139544,230,139545,139549],{},[269,139546,139547],{"href":129429},[18,139548,61157],{}," to break a string into a list",[392,139551,230,139552,139556],{},[269,139553,139554],{"href":137312},[18,139555,42279],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[392,139558,230,139559,139561],{},[18,139560,124913],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[81,139563,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,139565,13328,139567,125069],{"id":139566},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139568,124913],{},[14,139570,139571],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1499,139573,139575],{"id":139574},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139577,139578],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1499,139580,139582],{"id":139581},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139584,139585],{},"Use the third argument:",[34,139587,139589],{"className":36,"code":139588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139590,139591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139592,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139594,35337],{"class":49},[43,139596,79],{"class":53},[43,139598,35628],{"class":148},[43,139600,145],{"class":53},[43,139602,138339],{"class":148},[43,139604,108],{"class":53},[43,139606,138344],{"class":148},[43,139608,108],{"class":53},[43,139610,6113],{"class":104},[43,139612,346],{"class":53},[1499,139614,5784,139616,139618],{"id":139615},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139617,124913],{}," remove text?",[14,139620,139621],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[34,139623,139625],{"className":36,"code":139624,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139626,139627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139630,35337],{"class":49},[43,139632,79],{"class":53},[43,139634,35628],{"class":148},[43,139636,145],{"class":53},[43,139638,265],{"class":264},[43,139640,2780],{"class":268},[43,139642,265],{"class":264},[43,139644,108],{"class":53},[43,139646,6741],{"class":264},[43,139648,346],{"class":53},[1499,139650,15527,139652,125078],{"id":139651},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139653,124913],{},[14,139655,130271],{},[81,139657,2497],{"id":2496},[389,139659,139660,139664,139670,139676,139682],{},[392,139661,139662],{},[269,139663,125148],{"href":124910},[392,139665,139666],{},[269,139667,126742,139668,11361],{"href":129429},[18,139669,61157],{},[392,139671,139672],{},[269,139673,126742,139674,11361],{"href":137312},[18,139675,42279],{},[392,139677,139678],{},[269,139679,126742,139680,11361],{"href":124469},[18,139681,124472],{},[392,139683,139684],{},[269,139685,125497],{"href":51603},[2536,139687,139688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":139690},[139691,139692,139694,139697,139698,139702,139706,139707,139709,139717,139727],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":138292,"depth":131,"text":139693},"What replace() does",{"id":6046,"depth":131,"text":6047,"children":139695},[139696],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":6402,"depth":131,"text":6403},{"id":138507,"depth":131,"text":138508,"children":139699},[139700,139701],{"id":138521,"depth":138,"text":138522},{"id":138602,"depth":138,"text":138603},{"id":138690,"depth":131,"text":138691,"children":139703},[139704,139705],{"id":138699,"depth":138,"text":138700},{"id":138775,"depth":138,"text":138776},{"id":124388,"depth":131,"text":124389},{"id":138971,"depth":131,"text":139708},"What replace() returns",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5134,"children":139710},[139711,139713,139714,139715],{"id":139190,"depth":138,"text":139712},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139334,"depth":138,"text":139335},{"id":139403,"depth":138,"text":139404},{"id":139533,"depth":138,"text":139716},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":139718},[139719,139721,139722,139723,139725],{"id":139566,"depth":138,"text":139720},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139574,"depth":138,"text":139575},{"id":139581,"depth":138,"text":139582},{"id":139615,"depth":138,"text":139724},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139651,"depth":138,"text":139726},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138177,"description":139728},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139735,"title":139736,"body":139737,"description":141756,"extension":2572,"meta":141757,"navigation":134,"path":141758,"seo":141759,"stem":141760,"__hash__":141761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139738,"toc":141720},[139739,139744,139749,139752,139763,139765,139820,139825,139830,139837,139839,139854,139856,139912,139914,139952,139957,139959,139983,139986,139999,140004,140006,140038,140040,140073,140079,140084,140087,140097,140100,140102,140158,140160,140210,140213,140221,140224,140280,140282,140355,140368,140376,140380,140391,140394,140397,140450,140452,140484,140487,140541,140543,140578,140581,140586,140591,140596,140599,140601,140659,140661,140695,140697,140712,140715,140717,140759,140761,140787,140792,140800,140803,140805,140887,140889,140940,140943,140954,140962,140964,141037,141039,141057,141061,141064,141068,141095,141097,141105,141109,141144,141146,141159,141163,141166,141205,141207,141224,141229,141234,141245,141248,141259,141261,141263,141289,141292,141341,141343,141360,141363,141365,141417,141419,141451,141454,141512,141517,141519,141524,141627,141629,141643,141645,141652,141657,141662,141667,141672,141677,141680,141684,141689,141691,141717],[10,139740,123742,139742,11943],{"id":139741},"python-string-split-method",[18,139743,61157],{},[14,139745,123747,139746,139748],{},[18,139747,61157],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139750,139751],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[389,139753,139754,139757,139760],{},[392,139755,139756],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[392,139758,139759],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[392,139761,139762],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[81,139764,84],{"id":83},[34,139766,139768],{"className":36,"code":139767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139769,139770,139783,139805,139815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139771,139772,139774,139776,139778,139781],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139773,35316],{"class":49},[43,139775,98],{"class":97},[43,139777,276],{"class":264},[43,139779,139780],{"class":268},"apple,banana,cherry",[43,139782,3969],{"class":264},[43,139784,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139786,43462],{"class":49},[43,139788,98],{"class":97},[43,139790,43467],{"class":49},[43,139792,79],{"class":53},[43,139794,35097],{"class":148},[43,139796,145],{"class":53},[43,139798,265],{"class":264},[43,139800,108],{"class":268},[43,139802,265],{"class":264},[43,139804,346],{"class":53},[43,139806,139807,139809,139811,139813],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,139808,142],{"class":141},[43,139810,145],{"class":53},[43,139812,43494],{"class":148},[43,139814,346],{"class":53},[43,139816,139817],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,139818,139819],{"class":165},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139821,230,139822,139824],{},[18,139823,61157],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[81,139826,4289,139828,4292],{"id":139827},"what-split-does",[18,139829,61157],{},[14,139831,139832,132790,139834,79],{},[18,139833,61157],{},[76,139835,139836],{},"string method",[14,139838,49555],{},[389,139840,139841,139844,139849],{},[392,139842,139843],{},"divides a string into parts",[392,139845,120044,139846],{},[76,139847,139848],{},"new list of strings",[392,139850,120050,139851,139853],{},[76,139852,1957],{}," change the original string",[14,139855,494],{},[34,139857,139859],{"className":36,"code":139858,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139860,139861,139874,139888,139892,139902],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869,139872],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139864,35316],{"class":49},[43,139866,98],{"class":97},[43,139868,276],{"class":264},[43,139870,139871],{"class":268},"red blue green",[43,139873,3969],{"class":264},[43,139875,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139877,43462],{"class":49},[43,139879,98],{"class":97},[43,139881,43467],{"class":49},[43,139883,79],{"class":53},[43,139885,35097],{"class":148},[43,139887,9262],{"class":53},[43,139889,139890],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,139891,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,139893,139894,139896,139898,139900],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,139895,142],{"class":141},[43,139897,145],{"class":53},[43,139899,35337],{"class":148},[43,139901,346],{"class":53},[43,139903,139904,139906,139908,139910],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,139905,142],{"class":141},[43,139907,145],{"class":53},[43,139909,43494],{"class":148},[43,139911,346],{"class":53},[14,139913,349],{},[34,139915,139917],{"className":36,"code":139916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139918,139919,139924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139920,139921],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139922,139923],{"class":49},"red blue green\n",[43,139925,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,139927,54],{"class":53},[43,139929,361],{"class":264},[43,139931,13717],{"class":268},[43,139933,361],{"class":264},[43,139935,108],{"class":53},[43,139937,370],{"class":264},[43,139939,13734],{"class":268},[43,139941,361],{"class":264},[43,139943,108],{"class":53},[43,139945,370],{"class":264},[43,139947,18077],{"class":268},[43,139949,361],{"class":264},[43,139951,68],{"class":53},[14,139953,139954,139955,79],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[269,139956,125497],{"href":51603},[81,139958,2763],{"id":2762},[34,139960,139962],{"className":36,"code":139961,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139963,139964],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139965,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139967,61799],{"class":49},[43,139969,79],{"class":53},[43,139971,35097],{"class":148},[43,139973,145],{"class":53},[43,139975,134146],{"class":148},[43,139977,108],{"class":53},[43,139979,139980],{"class":148}," maxsplit",[43,139982,346],{"class":53},[14,139984,139985],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[389,139987,139988,139993],{},[392,139989,139990,139992],{},[18,139991,134146],{}," tells Python where to split",[392,139994,139995,139998],{},[18,139996,139997],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,140000,1261,140001,140003],{},[18,140002,134146],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,140005,494],{},[34,140007,140009],{"className":36,"code":140008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140010,140011,140024],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140012,140013,140015,140017,140019,140022],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140014,35316],{"class":49},[43,140016,98],{"class":97},[43,140018,276],{"class":264},[43,140020,140021],{"class":268},"one two three",[43,140023,3969],{"class":264},[43,140025,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140027,142],{"class":141},[43,140029,145],{"class":53},[43,140031,35337],{"class":148},[43,140033,79],{"class":53},[43,140035,35097],{"class":148},[43,140037,7811],{"class":53},[14,140039,349],{},[34,140041,140043],{"className":36,"code":140042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,140044,140045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140048,54],{"class":53},[43,140050,361],{"class":264},[43,140052,7201],{"class":268},[43,140054,361],{"class":264},[43,140056,108],{"class":53},[43,140058,370],{"class":264},[43,140060,79658],{"class":268},[43,140062,361],{"class":264},[43,140064,108],{"class":53},[43,140066,370],{"class":264},[43,140068,134628],{"class":268},[43,140070,361],{"class":264},[43,140072,68],{"class":53},[81,140074,2445,140076,140078],{"id":140075},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,140077,61157],{}," with no separator",[14,140080,70794,140081,140083],{},[18,140082,61157],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,140085,140086],{},"Whitespace includes:",[389,140088,140089,140091,140094],{},[392,140090,11071],{},[392,140092,140093],{},"tabs",[392,140095,140096],{},"new lines",[14,140098,140099],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,140101,494],{},[34,140103,140105],{"className":36,"code":140104,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140106,140107,140130,140144,140148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140108,140109,140111,140113,140115,140118,140121,140123,140125,140128],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140110,35316],{"class":49},[43,140112,98],{"class":97},[43,140114,276],{"class":264},[43,140116,140117],{"class":268},"Python   is",[43,140119,140120],{"class":35081},"\\t",[43,140122,133882],{"class":268},[43,140124,87540],{"class":35081},[43,140126,140127],{"class":268},"and useful",[43,140129,3969],{"class":264},[43,140131,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140133,43462],{"class":49},[43,140135,98],{"class":97},[43,140137,43467],{"class":49},[43,140139,79],{"class":53},[43,140141,35097],{"class":148},[43,140143,9262],{"class":53},[43,140145,140146],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140147,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140149,140150,140152,140154,140156],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140151,142],{"class":141},[43,140153,145],{"class":53},[43,140155,43494],{"class":148},[43,140157,346],{"class":53},[14,140159,349],{},[34,140161,140163],{"className":36,"code":140162,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,140164,140165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140166,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140206,140208],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140168,54],{"class":53},[43,140170,361],{"class":264},[43,140172,7914],{"class":268},[43,140174,361],{"class":264},[43,140176,108],{"class":53},[43,140178,370],{"class":264},[43,140180,12817],{"class":268},[43,140182,361],{"class":264},[43,140184,108],{"class":53},[43,140186,370],{"class":264},[43,140188,133882],{"class":268},[43,140190,361],{"class":264},[43,140192,108],{"class":53},[43,140194,370],{"class":264},[43,140196,130507],{"class":268},[43,140198,361],{"class":264},[43,140200,108],{"class":53},[43,140202,370],{"class":264},[43,140204,140205],{"class":268},"useful",[43,140207,361],{"class":264},[43,140209,68],{"class":53},[14,140211,140212],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1499,140214,140216,11205,140218],{"id":140215},"split-vs-split",[18,140217,61157],{},[18,140219,140220],{},"split(' ')",[14,140222,140223],{},"These are not the same.",[34,140225,140227],{"className":36,"code":140226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,140228,140229,140242,140246,140260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140230,140231,140233,140235,140237,140240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140232,35316],{"class":49},[43,140234,98],{"class":97},[43,140236,276],{"class":264},[43,140238,140239],{"class":268},"a  b   c",[43,140241,3969],{"class":264},[43,140243,140244],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140247,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140249,142],{"class":141},[43,140251,145],{"class":53},[43,140253,35337],{"class":148},[43,140255,79],{"class":53},[43,140257,35097],{"class":148},[43,140259,7811],{"class":53},[43,140261,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140263,142],{"class":141},[43,140265,145],{"class":53},[43,140267,35337],{"class":148},[43,140269,79],{"class":53},[43,140271,35097],{"class":148},[43,140273,145],{"class":53},[43,140275,265],{"class":264},[43,140277,276],{"class":264},[43,140279,2377],{"class":53},[14,140281,349],{},[34,140283,140285],{"className":36,"code":140284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,140286,140287,140315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140288,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140290,54],{"class":53},[43,140292,361],{"class":264},[43,140294,269],{"class":268},[43,140296,361],{"class":264},[43,140298,108],{"class":53},[43,140300,370],{"class":264},[43,140302,279],{"class":268},[43,140304,361],{"class":264},[43,140306,108],{"class":53},[43,140308,370],{"class":264},[43,140310,288],{"class":268},[43,140312,361],{"class":264},[43,140314,68],{"class":53},[43,140316,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140318,54],{"class":53},[43,140320,361],{"class":264},[43,140322,269],{"class":268},[43,140324,361],{"class":264},[43,140326,108],{"class":53},[43,140328,4452],{"class":264},[43,140330,108],{"class":53},[43,140332,370],{"class":264},[43,140334,279],{"class":268},[43,140336,361],{"class":264},[43,140338,108],{"class":53},[43,140340,4452],{"class":264},[43,140342,108],{"class":53},[43,140344,4452],{"class":264},[43,140346,108],{"class":53},[43,140348,370],{"class":264},[43,140350,288],{"class":268},[43,140352,361],{"class":264},[43,140354,68],{"class":53},[389,140356,140357,140362],{},[392,140358,140359,140361],{},[18,140360,61157],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[392,140363,140364,140367],{},[18,140365,140366],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140369,140370,140371,140375],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[269,140372,126742,140373,11361],{"href":137312},[18,140374,42279],{}," is often useful.",[81,140377,140379],{"id":140378},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140381,140382,140383,21,140386,2799,140388,79],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,140384,140385],{},"\",\"",[18,140387,133981],{},[18,140389,140390],{},"\"::\"",[14,140392,140393],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140395,140396],{},"Example with commas:",[34,140398,140400],{"className":36,"code":140399,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140401,140402,140414,140436,140440],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140403,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140405,35316],{"class":49},[43,140407,98],{"class":97},[43,140409,276],{"class":264},[43,140411,139780],{"class":268},[43,140413,3969],{"class":264},[43,140415,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140417,43462],{"class":49},[43,140419,98],{"class":97},[43,140421,43467],{"class":49},[43,140423,79],{"class":53},[43,140425,35097],{"class":148},[43,140427,145],{"class":53},[43,140429,265],{"class":264},[43,140431,108],{"class":268},[43,140433,265],{"class":264},[43,140435,346],{"class":53},[43,140437,140438],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140439,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140441,140442,140444,140446,140448],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140443,142],{"class":141},[43,140445,145],{"class":53},[43,140447,43494],{"class":148},[43,140449,346],{"class":53},[14,140451,349],{},[34,140453,140454],{"className":36,"code":78837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,140455,140456],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140457,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140459,54],{"class":53},[43,140461,361],{"class":264},[43,140463,4694],{"class":268},[43,140465,361],{"class":264},[43,140467,108],{"class":53},[43,140469,370],{"class":264},[43,140471,4703],{"class":268},[43,140473,361],{"class":264},[43,140475,108],{"class":53},[43,140477,370],{"class":264},[43,140479,4712],{"class":268},[43,140481,361],{"class":264},[43,140483,68],{"class":53},[14,140485,140486],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[34,140488,140490],{"className":36,"code":140489,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140491,140492,140505,140527,140531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140493,140494,140496,140498,140500,140503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140495,35316],{"class":49},[43,140497,98],{"class":97},[43,140499,276],{"class":264},[43,140501,140502],{"class":268},"2024::10::31",[43,140504,3969],{"class":264},[43,140506,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140508,43462],{"class":49},[43,140510,98],{"class":97},[43,140512,43467],{"class":49},[43,140514,79],{"class":53},[43,140516,35097],{"class":148},[43,140518,145],{"class":53},[43,140520,265],{"class":264},[43,140522,1353],{"class":268},[43,140524,265],{"class":264},[43,140526,346],{"class":53},[43,140528,140529],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140530,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140534,142],{"class":141},[43,140536,145],{"class":53},[43,140538,43494],{"class":148},[43,140540,346],{"class":53},[14,140542,349],{},[34,140544,140546],{"className":36,"code":140545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140547,140548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140549,140550,140552,140554,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140574,140576],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140551,54],{"class":53},[43,140553,361],{"class":264},[43,140555,140556],{"class":268},"2024",[43,140558,361],{"class":264},[43,140560,108],{"class":53},[43,140562,370],{"class":264},[43,140564,105],{"class":268},[43,140566,361],{"class":264},[43,140568,108],{"class":53},[43,140570,370],{"class":264},[43,140572,140573],{"class":268},"31",[43,140575,361],{"class":264},[43,140577,68],{"class":53},[14,140579,140580],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140582,140583,140584,79],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[269,140585,129426],{"href":129425},[81,140587,2445,140589],{"id":140588},"using-maxsplit",[18,140590,139997],{},[14,140592,140593,140595],{},[18,140594,139997],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140597,140598],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140600,494],{},[34,140602,140604],{"className":36,"code":140603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140605,140606,140619,140645,140649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140607,140608,140610,140612,140614,140617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140609,35316],{"class":49},[43,140611,98],{"class":97},[43,140613,276],{"class":264},[43,140615,140616],{"class":268},"name:age:city:country",[43,140618,3969],{"class":264},[43,140620,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140622,43462],{"class":49},[43,140624,98],{"class":97},[43,140626,43467],{"class":49},[43,140628,79],{"class":53},[43,140630,35097],{"class":148},[43,140632,145],{"class":53},[43,140634,265],{"class":264},[43,140636,59],{"class":268},[43,140638,265],{"class":264},[43,140640,108],{"class":53},[43,140642,1525],{"class":104},[43,140644,346],{"class":53},[43,140646,140647],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140648,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140650,140651,140653,140655,140657],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140652,142],{"class":141},[43,140654,145],{"class":53},[43,140656,43494],{"class":148},[43,140658,346],{"class":53},[14,140660,349],{},[34,140662,140664],{"className":36,"code":140663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140665,140666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140667,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140691,140693],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140669,54],{"class":53},[43,140671,361],{"class":264},[43,140673,8286],{"class":268},[43,140675,361],{"class":264},[43,140677,108],{"class":53},[43,140679,370],{"class":264},[43,140681,9918],{"class":268},[43,140683,361],{"class":264},[43,140685,108],{"class":53},[43,140687,370],{"class":264},[43,140689,140690],{"class":268},"city:country",[43,140692,361],{"class":264},[43,140694,68],{"class":53},[14,140696,2785],{},[389,140698,140699,140704,140709],{},[392,140700,140701,140702],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140703,59],{},[392,140705,140706,140707],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140708,59],{},[392,140710,140711],{},"then stops",[14,140713,140714],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140716,52707],{},[34,140718,140720],{"className":36,"code":140719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140721,140722,140735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140723,140724,140726,140728,140730,140733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140725,35316],{"class":49},[43,140727,98],{"class":97},[43,140729,276],{"class":264},[43,140731,140732],{"class":268},"apple banana cherry grape",[43,140734,3969],{"class":264},[43,140736,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140738,142],{"class":141},[43,140740,145],{"class":53},[43,140742,35337],{"class":148},[43,140744,79],{"class":53},[43,140746,35097],{"class":148},[43,140748,145],{"class":53},[43,140750,265],{"class":264},[43,140752,276],{"class":264},[43,140754,108],{"class":53},[43,140756,6113],{"class":104},[43,140758,2377],{"class":53},[14,140760,349],{},[34,140762,140764],{"className":36,"code":140763,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140765,140766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140767,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780,140783,140785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140769,54],{"class":53},[43,140771,361],{"class":264},[43,140773,4694],{"class":268},[43,140775,361],{"class":264},[43,140777,108],{"class":53},[43,140779,370],{"class":264},[43,140781,140782],{"class":268},"banana cherry grape",[43,140784,361],{"class":264},[43,140786,68],{"class":53},[81,140788,4289,140790,12328],{"id":140789},"what-split-returns",[18,140791,61157],{},[14,140793,140794,140795,140797,140798,79],{},"The result of ",[18,140796,61157],{}," is always a ",[76,140799,8712],{},[14,140801,140802],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140804,494],{},[34,140806,140808],{"className":36,"code":140807,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140809,140810,140823,140845,140849,140859,140873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140811,140812,140814,140816,140818,140821],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140813,35316],{"class":49},[43,140815,98],{"class":97},[43,140817,276],{"class":264},[43,140819,140820],{"class":268},"cat,dog,bird",[43,140822,3969],{"class":264},[43,140824,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140826,43462],{"class":49},[43,140828,98],{"class":97},[43,140830,43467],{"class":49},[43,140832,79],{"class":53},[43,140834,35097],{"class":148},[43,140836,145],{"class":53},[43,140838,265],{"class":264},[43,140840,108],{"class":268},[43,140842,265],{"class":264},[43,140844,346],{"class":53},[43,140846,140847],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140848,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,140850,140851,140853,140855,140857],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,140852,142],{"class":141},[43,140854,145],{"class":53},[43,140856,43494],{"class":148},[43,140858,346],{"class":53},[43,140860,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,140862,142],{"class":141},[43,140864,145],{"class":53},[43,140866,3832],{"class":3510},[43,140868,145],{"class":53},[43,140870,43494],{"class":148},[43,140872,2377],{"class":53},[43,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,140876,142],{"class":141},[43,140878,145],{"class":53},[43,140880,43494],{"class":148},[43,140882,54],{"class":53},[43,140884,1277],{"class":104},[43,140886,1547],{"class":53},[14,140888,349],{},[34,140890,140892],{"className":36,"code":140891,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140893,140894,140922,140936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140895,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140897,54],{"class":53},[43,140899,361],{"class":264},[43,140901,37675],{"class":268},[43,140903,361],{"class":264},[43,140905,108],{"class":53},[43,140907,370],{"class":264},[43,140909,58753],{"class":268},[43,140911,361],{"class":264},[43,140913,108],{"class":53},[43,140915,370],{"class":264},[43,140917,58770],{"class":268},[43,140919,361],{"class":264},[43,140921,68],{"class":53},[43,140923,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,140925,3901],{"class":97},[43,140927,3904],{"class":2671},[43,140929,370],{"class":264},[43,140931,8712],{"class":268},[43,140933,361],{"class":264},[43,140935,3913],{"class":97},[43,140937,140938],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,140939,85856],{"class":49},[14,140941,140942],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[389,140944,140945,140948,140951],{},[392,140946,140947],{},"loop over it",[392,140949,140950],{},"access items by index",[392,140952,140953],{},"combine items again later",[14,140955,140956,140957,79],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[269,140958,126742,140960,11361],{"href":140959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140961,133824],{},[14,140963,494],{},[34,140965,140967],{"className":36,"code":140966,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140968,140969,141001,141023,141027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140970,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140972,43462],{"class":49},[43,140974,98],{"class":97},[43,140976,101],{"class":53},[43,140978,361],{"class":264},[43,140980,37675],{"class":268},[43,140982,361],{"class":264},[43,140984,108],{"class":53},[43,140986,370],{"class":264},[43,140988,58753],{"class":268},[43,140990,361],{"class":264},[43,140992,108],{"class":53},[43,140994,370],{"class":264},[43,140996,58770],{"class":268},[43,140998,361],{"class":264},[43,141000,68],{"class":53},[43,141002,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141004,35316],{"class":49},[43,141006,98],{"class":97},[43,141008,276],{"class":264},[43,141010,220],{"class":268},[43,141012,265],{"class":264},[43,141014,79],{"class":53},[43,141016,133901],{"class":148},[43,141018,145],{"class":53},[43,141020,43494],{"class":148},[43,141022,346],{"class":53},[43,141024,141025],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141026,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141028,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141030,142],{"class":141},[43,141032,145],{"class":53},[43,141034,35337],{"class":148},[43,141036,346],{"class":53},[14,141038,349],{},[34,141040,141042],{"className":36,"code":141041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,141043,141044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141045,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141047,37675],{"class":49},[43,141049,220],{"class":97},[43,141051,58753],{"class":49},[43,141053,220],{"class":97},[43,141055,141056],{"class":49},"bird\n",[81,141058,141060],{"id":141059},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,141062,141063],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1499,141065,141067],{"id":141066},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[34,141069,141071],{"className":36,"code":141070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,141072,141073,141081],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141074,141075,141077,141079],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141076,35316],{"class":49},[43,141078,98],{"class":97},[43,141080,8499],{"class":264},[43,141082,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141084,142],{"class":141},[43,141086,145],{"class":53},[43,141088,35337],{"class":148},[43,141090,79],{"class":53},[43,141092,35097],{"class":148},[43,141094,7811],{"class":53},[14,141096,349],{},[34,141098,141099],{"className":36,"code":1778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,141100,141101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141102,141103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141104,1778],{"class":53},[1499,141106,141108],{"id":141107},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[34,141110,141112],{"className":36,"code":141111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,141113,141114,141122],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141115,141116,141118,141120],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141117,35316],{"class":49},[43,141119,98],{"class":97},[43,141121,8499],{"class":264},[43,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141125,142],{"class":141},[43,141127,145],{"class":53},[43,141129,35337],{"class":148},[43,141131,79],{"class":53},[43,141133,35097],{"class":148},[43,141135,145],{"class":53},[43,141137,265],{"class":264},[43,141139,108],{"class":268},[43,141141,265],{"class":264},[43,141143,2377],{"class":53},[14,141145,349],{},[34,141147,141149],{"className":36,"code":141148,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['']\n",[18,141150,141151],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141152,141153,141155,141157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141154,54],{"class":53},[43,141156,4386],{"class":264},[43,141158,68],{"class":53},[1499,141160,141162],{"id":141161},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,141164,141165],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[34,141167,141169],{"className":36,"code":141168,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,141170,141171,141183],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141172,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141174,35316],{"class":49},[43,141176,98],{"class":97},[43,141178,276],{"class":264},[43,141180,4459],{"class":268},[43,141182,3969],{"class":264},[43,141184,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141186,142],{"class":141},[43,141188,145],{"class":53},[43,141190,35337],{"class":148},[43,141192,79],{"class":53},[43,141194,35097],{"class":148},[43,141196,145],{"class":53},[43,141198,265],{"class":264},[43,141200,108],{"class":268},[43,141202,265],{"class":264},[43,141204,2377],{"class":53},[14,141206,349],{},[34,141208,141210],{"className":36,"code":141209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['hello']\n",[18,141211,141212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141213,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141215,54],{"class":53},[43,141217,361],{"class":264},[43,141219,4459],{"class":268},[43,141221,361],{"class":264},[43,141223,68],{"class":53},[81,141225,5576,141227],{"id":141226},"when-to-use-split",[18,141228,61157],{},[14,141230,230,141231,141233],{},[18,141232,61157],{}," when you need to:",[389,141235,141236,141239,141242],{},[392,141237,141238],{},"split a sentence into words",[392,141240,141241],{},"split comma-separated values",[392,141243,141244],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,141246,141247],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[389,141249,141250,141253,141256],{},[392,141251,141252],{},"cleaning text",[392,141254,141255],{},"parsing user input",[392,141257,141258],{},"processing simple file content",[81,141260,3438],{"id":3437},[14,141262,84627],{},[389,141264,141265,141269,141275,141278,141286],{},[392,141266,51134,141267,131962],{},[18,141268,61157],{},[392,141270,141271,141272,141274],{},"forgetting that ",[18,141273,61157],{}," returns a list, not a string",[392,141276,141277],{},"using the wrong separator",[392,141279,141280,141281,141283,141284],{},"assuming ",[18,141282,140220],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,141285,61157],{},[392,141287,141288],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,141290,141291],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[34,141293,141295],{"className":36,"code":141294,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,141296,141297,141309,141327,141331],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141298,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141300,35316],{"class":49},[43,141302,98],{"class":97},[43,141304,276],{"class":264},[43,141306,43455],{"class":268},[43,141308,3969],{"class":264},[43,141310,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141312,35337],{"class":49},[43,141314,79],{"class":53},[43,141316,35097],{"class":148},[43,141318,145],{"class":53},[43,141320,265],{"class":264},[43,141322,108],{"class":268},[43,141324,265],{"class":264},[43,141326,346],{"class":53},[43,141328,141329],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141330,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141332,141333,141335,141337,141339],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141334,142],{"class":141},[43,141336,145],{"class":53},[43,141338,35337],{"class":148},[43,141340,346],{"class":53},[14,141342,349],{},[34,141344,141346],{"className":36,"code":141345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a,b,c\n",[18,141347,141348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141349,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141351,269],{"class":49},[43,141353,108],{"class":53},[43,141355,279],{"class":49},[43,141357,108],{"class":53},[43,141359,69870],{"class":49},[14,141361,141362],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141364,11428],{},[34,141366,141367],{"className":36,"code":43442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,141368,141369,141381,141403,141407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141370,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141372,35316],{"class":49},[43,141374,98],{"class":97},[43,141376,276],{"class":264},[43,141378,43455],{"class":268},[43,141380,3969],{"class":264},[43,141382,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397,141399,141401],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141384,43462],{"class":49},[43,141386,98],{"class":97},[43,141388,43467],{"class":49},[43,141390,79],{"class":53},[43,141392,35097],{"class":148},[43,141394,145],{"class":53},[43,141396,265],{"class":264},[43,141398,108],{"class":268},[43,141400,265],{"class":264},[43,141402,346],{"class":53},[43,141404,141405],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141406,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141408,141409,141411,141413,141415],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141410,142],{"class":141},[43,141412,145],{"class":53},[43,141414,43494],{"class":148},[43,141416,346],{"class":53},[14,141418,349],{},[34,141420,141421],{"className":36,"code":43501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,141422,141423],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141426,54],{"class":53},[43,141428,361],{"class":264},[43,141430,269],{"class":268},[43,141432,361],{"class":264},[43,141434,108],{"class":53},[43,141436,370],{"class":264},[43,141438,279],{"class":268},[43,141440,361],{"class":264},[43,141442,108],{"class":53},[43,141444,370],{"class":264},[43,141446,288],{"class":268},[43,141448,361],{"class":264},[43,141450,68],{"class":53},[14,141452,141453],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[34,141455,141457],{"className":36,"code":141456,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141458,141459,141472,141494,141498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141462,35316],{"class":49},[43,141464,98],{"class":97},[43,141466,276],{"class":264},[43,141468,141469],{"class":268},"apple,banana",[43,141471,3969],{"class":264},[43,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141475,43462],{"class":49},[43,141477,98],{"class":97},[43,141479,43467],{"class":49},[43,141481,79],{"class":53},[43,141483,35097],{"class":148},[43,141485,145],{"class":53},[43,141487,265],{"class":264},[43,141489,108],{"class":268},[43,141491,265],{"class":264},[43,141493,346],{"class":53},[43,141495,141496],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141497,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141499,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141501,142],{"class":141},[43,141503,145],{"class":53},[43,141505,43494],{"class":148},[43,141507,54],{"class":53},[43,141509,201],{"class":104},[43,141511,1547],{"class":53},[14,141513,141514,141515,79],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[269,141516,1837],{"href":1836},[1499,141518,61335],{"id":61334},[14,141520,1261,141521,141523],{},[18,141522,61157],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[34,141525,141527],{"className":36,"code":141526,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141528,141529,141539,141553,141575,141601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141530,141531,141533,141535,141537],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141532,142],{"class":141},[43,141534,145],{"class":53},[43,141536,35337],{"class":148},[43,141538,346],{"class":53},[43,141540,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141542,142],{"class":141},[43,141544,145],{"class":53},[43,141546,35337],{"class":148},[43,141548,79],{"class":53},[43,141550,35097],{"class":148},[43,141552,7811],{"class":53},[43,141554,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141556,142],{"class":141},[43,141558,145],{"class":53},[43,141560,35337],{"class":148},[43,141562,79],{"class":53},[43,141564,35097],{"class":148},[43,141566,145],{"class":53},[43,141568,361],{"class":264},[43,141570,108],{"class":268},[43,141572,361],{"class":264},[43,141574,2377],{"class":53},[43,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141578,142],{"class":141},[43,141580,145],{"class":53},[43,141582,2370],{"class":141},[43,141584,145],{"class":53},[43,141586,35337],{"class":148},[43,141588,79],{"class":53},[43,141590,35097],{"class":148},[43,141592,145],{"class":53},[43,141594,361],{"class":264},[43,141596,108],{"class":268},[43,141598,361],{"class":264},[43,141600,3521],{"class":53},[43,141602,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,141604,142],{"class":141},[43,141606,145],{"class":53},[43,141608,3832],{"class":3510},[43,141610,145],{"class":53},[43,141612,35337],{"class":148},[43,141614,79],{"class":53},[43,141616,35097],{"class":148},[43,141618,145],{"class":53},[43,141620,361],{"class":264},[43,141622,108],{"class":268},[43,141624,361],{"class":264},[43,141626,3521],{"class":53},[14,141628,11791],{},[389,141630,141631,141634,141637,141640],{},[392,141632,141633],{},"what the original string looks like",[392,141635,141636],{},"which separator works",[392,141638,141639],{},"how many items were created",[392,141641,141642],{},"that the result is a list",[81,141644,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,141646,5794,141648,1233,141650,2490],{"id":141647},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141649,61157],{},[18,141651,140220],{},[14,141653,141654,141656],{},[18,141655,61157],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141658,141659,141661],{},[18,141660,140220],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1499,141663,13328,141665,125069],{"id":141664},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141666,61157],{},[14,141668,141669,141670,57107],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141671,61157],{},[1499,141673,2476,141675,2479],{"id":141674},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141676,139997],{},[14,141678,141679],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1499,141681,141683],{"id":141682},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141685,29686,141686,141688],{},[18,141687,61157],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[81,141690,2497],{"id":2496},[389,141692,141693,141697,141703,141709,141713],{},[392,141694,141695],{},[269,141696,130347],{"href":129425},[392,141698,141699],{},[269,141700,126742,141701,11361],{"href":140959},[18,141702,133824],{},[392,141704,141705],{},[269,141706,126742,141707,11361],{"href":137312},[18,141708,42279],{},[392,141710,141711],{},[269,141712,125497],{"href":51603},[392,141714,141715],{},[269,141716,1837],{"href":1836},[2536,141718,141719],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":141721},[141722,141723,141725,141726,141731,141732,141734,141736,141741,141743,141746,141755],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":139827,"depth":131,"text":141724},"What split() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":140075,"depth":131,"text":141727,"children":141728},"Using split() with no separator",[141729],{"id":140215,"depth":138,"text":141730},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140378,"depth":131,"text":140379},{"id":140588,"depth":131,"text":141733},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140789,"depth":131,"text":141735},"What split() returns",{"id":141059,"depth":131,"text":141060,"children":141737},[141738,141739,141740],{"id":141066,"depth":138,"text":141067},{"id":141107,"depth":138,"text":141108},{"id":141161,"depth":138,"text":141162},{"id":141226,"depth":131,"text":141742},"When to use split()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":141744},[141745],{"id":61334,"depth":138,"text":61335},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":141747},[141748,141750,141752,141754],{"id":141647,"depth":138,"text":141749},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141664,"depth":138,"text":141751},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141674,"depth":138,"text":141753},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141682,"depth":138,"text":141683},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139736,"description":141756},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141763,"title":141764,"body":141765,"description":143708,"extension":2572,"meta":143709,"navigation":134,"path":143710,"seo":143711,"stem":143712,"__hash__":143713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141766,"toc":143667},[141767,141772,141777,141784,141857,141862,141867,141872,141888,141890,141960,141962,141964,141984,141986,142031,142036,142038,142136,142141,142145,142150,142154,142157,142199,142203,142206,142251,142255,142258,142308,142312,142317,142369,142371,142376,142387,142392,142472,142474,142486,142495,142502,142517,142519,142634,142640,142644,142647,142652,142794,142797,142804,142806,142810,142818,142887,142893,142942,142947,142952,142954,142974,142976,143042,143044,143048,143051,143055,143096,143098,143131,143136,143139,143166,143168,143211,143218,143223,143233,143299,143303,143311,143316,143367,143371,143374,143376,143385,143387,143437,143439,143546,143548,143553,143560,143566,143569,143600,143605,143607,143614,143622,143631,143634,143636,143664],[10,141768,123742,141770,11943],{"id":141769},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141771,128110],{},[14,141773,123747,141774,141776],{},[18,141775,128110],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141778,126808,141779,3486,141781,141783],{},[18,141780,4216],{},[18,141782,4285],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[34,141785,141787],{"className":36,"code":141786,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141788,141789,141802,141806,141831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141790,141791,141793,141795,141797,141800],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141792,35316],{"class":49},[43,141794,98],{"class":97},[43,141796,276],{"class":264},[43,141798,141799],{"class":268},"Python Beginner Help",[43,141801,3969],{"class":264},[43,141803,141804],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141805,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141807,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141809,142],{"class":141},[43,141811,145],{"class":53},[43,141813,35337],{"class":148},[43,141815,79],{"class":53},[43,141817,141818],{"class":148},"startswith",[43,141820,145],{"class":53},[43,141822,265],{"class":264},[43,141824,7914],{"class":268},[43,141826,265],{"class":264},[43,141828,5977],{"class":53},[43,141830,44481],{"class":165},[43,141832,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141850,141852,141854],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141834,142],{"class":141},[43,141836,145],{"class":53},[43,141838,35337],{"class":148},[43,141840,79],{"class":53},[43,141842,141818],{"class":148},[43,141844,145],{"class":53},[43,141846,265],{"class":264},[43,141848,141849],{"class":268},"Beginner",[43,141851,265],{"class":264},[43,141853,5977],{"class":53},[43,141855,141856],{"class":165}," # False\n",[14,141858,230,141859,141861],{},[18,141860,128110],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[81,141863,4289,141865,4292],{"id":141864},"what-startswith-does",[18,141866,128110],{},[14,141868,141869,141871],{},[18,141870,128110],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[389,141873,141874,141877,141883,141885],{},[392,141875,141876],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[392,141878,5762,141879,3486,141881],{},[18,141880,4216],{},[18,141882,4285],{},[392,141884,123885],{},[392,141886,141887],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141889,494],{},[34,141891,141893],{"className":36,"code":141892,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141894,141895,141907,141911,141936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141896,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141898,8494],{"class":49},[43,141900,98],{"class":97},[43,141902,276],{"class":264},[43,141904,7914],{"class":268},[43,141906,3969],{"class":264},[43,141908,141909],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,141910,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,141912,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141930,141932,141934],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,141914,142],{"class":141},[43,141916,145],{"class":53},[43,141918,8286],{"class":148},[43,141920,79],{"class":53},[43,141922,141818],{"class":148},[43,141924,145],{"class":53},[43,141926,265],{"class":264},[43,141928,141929],{"class":268},"Py",[43,141931,265],{"class":264},[43,141933,5977],{"class":53},[43,141935,44481],{"class":165},[43,141937,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,141939,142],{"class":141},[43,141941,145],{"class":53},[43,141943,8286],{"class":148},[43,141945,79],{"class":53},[43,141947,141818],{"class":148},[43,141949,145],{"class":53},[43,141951,265],{"class":264},[43,141953,129188],{"class":268},[43,141955,265],{"class":264},[43,141957,5977],{"class":53},[43,141959,44498],{"class":165},[81,141961,2763],{"id":2762},[14,141963,43010],{},[34,141965,141967],{"className":36,"code":141966,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141968,141969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141970,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141972,61799],{"class":49},[43,141974,79],{"class":53},[43,141976,141818],{"class":148},[43,141978,145],{"class":53},[43,141980,141981],{"class":148},"prefix",[43,141983,346],{"class":53},[14,141985,31390],{},[34,141987,141989],{"className":36,"code":141988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141990,141991,142009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141992,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141994,61799],{"class":49},[43,141996,79],{"class":53},[43,141998,141818],{"class":148},[43,142000,145],{"class":53},[43,142002,141981],{"class":148},[43,142004,108],{"class":53},[43,142006,36682],{"class":148},[43,142008,346],{"class":53},[43,142010,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027,142029],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142012,61799],{"class":49},[43,142014,79],{"class":53},[43,142016,141818],{"class":148},[43,142018,145],{"class":53},[43,142020,141981],{"class":148},[43,142022,108],{"class":53},[43,142024,36682],{"class":148},[43,142026,108],{"class":53},[43,142028,65666],{"class":148},[43,142030,346],{"class":53},[14,142032,21392,142033,142035],{},[18,142034,141981],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,142037,494],{},[34,142039,142041],{"className":36,"code":142040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,142042,142043,142055,142059,142084,142108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142044,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142046,35316],{"class":49},[43,142048,98],{"class":97},[43,142050,276],{"class":264},[43,142052,61033],{"class":268},[43,142054,3969],{"class":264},[43,142056,142057],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142058,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142060,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142062,142],{"class":141},[43,142064,145],{"class":53},[43,142066,35337],{"class":148},[43,142068,79],{"class":53},[43,142070,141818],{"class":148},[43,142072,145],{"class":53},[43,142074,265],{"class":264},[43,142076,4459],{"class":268},[43,142078,265],{"class":264},[43,142080,5977],{"class":53},[43,142082,142083],{"class":165},"      # True\n",[43,142085,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,142087,142],{"class":141},[43,142089,145],{"class":53},[43,142091,35337],{"class":148},[43,142093,79],{"class":53},[43,142095,141818],{"class":148},[43,142097,145],{"class":53},[43,142099,265],{"class":264},[43,142101,61217],{"class":268},[43,142103,265],{"class":264},[43,142105,5977],{"class":53},[43,142107,21822],{"class":165},[43,142109,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,142111,142],{"class":141},[43,142113,145],{"class":53},[43,142115,35337],{"class":148},[43,142117,79],{"class":53},[43,142119,141818],{"class":148},[43,142121,145],{"class":53},[43,142123,265],{"class":264},[43,142125,61217],{"class":268},[43,142127,265],{"class":264},[43,142129,108],{"class":53},[43,142131,38271],{"class":104},[43,142133,5977],{"class":53},[43,142135,44481],{"class":165},[14,142137,142138,142139,79],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[269,142140,125497],{"href":51603},[81,142142,142144],{"id":142143},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,142146,142147,142149],{},[18,142148,128110],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1499,142151,142152],{"id":141981},[18,142153,141981],{},[14,142155,142156],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[34,142158,142160],{"className":36,"code":142159,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,142161,142162,142174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142163,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142165,35316],{"class":49},[43,142167,98],{"class":97},[43,142169,276],{"class":264},[43,142171,4703],{"class":268},[43,142173,3969],{"class":264},[43,142175,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142193,142195,142197],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142177,142],{"class":141},[43,142179,145],{"class":53},[43,142181,35337],{"class":148},[43,142183,79],{"class":53},[43,142185,141818],{"class":148},[43,142187,145],{"class":53},[43,142189,265],{"class":264},[43,142191,142192],{"class":268},"ban",[43,142194,265],{"class":264},[43,142196,5977],{"class":53},[43,142198,4275],{"class":165},[1499,142200,142201],{"id":20},[18,142202,20],{},[14,142204,142205],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[34,142207,142209],{"className":36,"code":142208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,142210,142211,142223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142212,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142214,35316],{"class":49},[43,142216,98],{"class":97},[43,142218,276],{"class":264},[43,142220,61033],{"class":268},[43,142222,3969],{"class":264},[43,142224,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142226,142],{"class":141},[43,142228,145],{"class":53},[43,142230,35337],{"class":148},[43,142232,79],{"class":53},[43,142234,141818],{"class":148},[43,142236,145],{"class":53},[43,142238,265],{"class":264},[43,142240,61217],{"class":268},[43,142242,265],{"class":264},[43,142244,108],{"class":53},[43,142246,38271],{"class":104},[43,142248,5977],{"class":53},[43,142250,4275],{"class":165},[1499,142252,142253],{"id":53288},[18,142254,53288],{},[14,142256,142257],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[34,142259,142261],{"className":36,"code":142260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,142262,142263,142275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142264,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142266,35316],{"class":49},[43,142268,98],{"class":97},[43,142270,276],{"class":264},[43,142272,61033],{"class":268},[43,142274,3969],{"class":264},[43,142276,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142278,142],{"class":141},[43,142280,145],{"class":53},[43,142282,35337],{"class":148},[43,142284,79],{"class":53},[43,142286,141818],{"class":148},[43,142288,145],{"class":53},[43,142290,265],{"class":264},[43,142292,142293],{"class":268},"wor",[43,142295,265],{"class":264},[43,142297,108],{"class":53},[43,142299,38271],{"class":104},[43,142301,108],{"class":53},[43,142303,54764],{"class":104},[43,142305,5977],{"class":53},[43,142307,4275],{"class":165},[1499,142309,142311],{"id":142310},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,142313,142314,142316],{},[18,142315,141981],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[34,142318,142320],{"className":36,"code":142319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,142321,142322,142335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142323,142324,142326,142328,142330,142333],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142325,126825],{"class":49},[43,142327,98],{"class":97},[43,142329,276],{"class":264},[43,142331,142332],{"class":268},"img_001.png",[43,142334,3969],{"class":264},[43,142336,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142354,142356,142358,142360,142363,142365,142367],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142338,142],{"class":141},[43,142340,145],{"class":53},[43,142342,126843],{"class":148},[43,142344,79],{"class":53},[43,142346,141818],{"class":148},[43,142348,6126],{"class":53},[43,142350,265],{"class":264},[43,142352,142353],{"class":268},"img_",[43,142355,265],{"class":264},[43,142357,108],{"class":53},[43,142359,276],{"class":264},[43,142361,142362],{"class":268},"photo_",[43,142364,265],{"class":264},[43,142366,51718],{"class":53},[43,142368,4275],{"class":165},[81,142370,18040],{"id":18039},[14,142372,142373,142375],{},[18,142374,128110],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[389,142377,142378,142383],{},[392,142379,142380,142382],{},[18,142381,4216],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[392,142384,142385,127427],{},[18,142386,4285],{},[14,142388,142389,142390,7789],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,142391,7614],{},[34,142393,142395],{"className":36,"code":142394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,142396,142397,142411,142415,142436,142451,142457],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142398,142399,142402,142404,142406,142409],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142400,142401],{"class":49},"command ",[43,142403,98],{"class":97},[43,142405,276],{"class":264},[43,142407,142408],{"class":268},"\u002Fhelp",[43,142410,3969],{"class":264},[43,142412,142413],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142416,142417,142419,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142418,7614],{"class":4491},[43,142420,142421],{"class":49}," command",[43,142423,79],{"class":53},[43,142425,141818],{"class":148},[43,142427,145],{"class":53},[43,142429,265],{"class":264},[43,142431,127634],{"class":268},[43,142433,265],{"class":264},[43,142435,8960],{"class":53},[43,142437,142438,142440,142442,142444,142447,142449],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,142439,8687],{"class":141},[43,142441,145],{"class":53},[43,142443,265],{"class":264},[43,142445,142446],{"class":268},"This looks like a command.",[43,142448,265],{"class":264},[43,142450,346],{"class":53},[43,142452,142453,142455],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,142454,28058],{"class":4491},[43,142456,7009],{"class":53},[43,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142468,142470],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,142460,8687],{"class":141},[43,142462,145],{"class":53},[43,142464,265],{"class":264},[43,142466,142467],{"class":268},"This is normal text.",[43,142469,265],{"class":264},[43,142471,346],{"class":53},[14,142473,349],{},[34,142475,142477],{"className":36,"code":142476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142478,142479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142480,142481,142484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142482,142483],{"class":49},"This looks like a command",[43,142485,122774],{"class":53},[81,142487,2445,142489,1863,142491,1233,142493],{"id":142488},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142490,128110],{},[18,142492,20],{},[18,142494,53288],{},[14,142496,1242,142497,1233,142499,142501],{},[18,142498,20],{},[18,142500,53288],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[389,142503,142504,142509,142514],{},[392,142505,142506,142508],{},[18,142507,20],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[392,142510,142511,142513],{},[18,142512,53288],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[392,142515,142516],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142518,494],{},[34,142520,142522],{"className":36,"code":142521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142523,142524,142536,142540,142569,142602],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142525,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142527,35316],{"class":49},[43,142529,98],{"class":97},[43,142531,276],{"class":264},[43,142533,140021],{"class":268},[43,142535,3969],{"class":264},[43,142537,142538],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142539,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142541,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142543,142],{"class":141},[43,142545,145],{"class":53},[43,142547,35337],{"class":148},[43,142549,79],{"class":53},[43,142551,141818],{"class":148},[43,142553,145],{"class":53},[43,142555,265],{"class":264},[43,142557,79658],{"class":268},[43,142559,265],{"class":264},[43,142561,108],{"class":53},[43,142563,3064],{"class":104},[43,142565,5977],{"class":53},[43,142567,142568],{"class":165},"        # True\n",[43,142570,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142598,142600],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,142572,142],{"class":141},[43,142574,145],{"class":53},[43,142576,35337],{"class":148},[43,142578,79],{"class":53},[43,142580,141818],{"class":148},[43,142582,145],{"class":53},[43,142584,265],{"class":264},[43,142586,134628],{"class":268},[43,142588,265],{"class":264},[43,142590,108],{"class":53},[43,142592,6975],{"class":104},[43,142594,108],{"class":53},[43,142596,142597],{"class":104}," 13",[43,142599,5977],{"class":53},[43,142601,4275],{"class":165},[43,142603,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,142605,142],{"class":141},[43,142607,145],{"class":53},[43,142609,35337],{"class":148},[43,142611,79],{"class":53},[43,142613,141818],{"class":148},[43,142615,145],{"class":53},[43,142617,265],{"class":264},[43,142619,134628],{"class":268},[43,142621,265],{"class":264},[43,142623,108],{"class":53},[43,142625,6975],{"class":104},[43,142627,108],{"class":53},[43,142629,31569],{"class":104},[43,142631,5977],{"class":53},[43,142633,5386],{"class":165},[14,142635,142636,142637,142639],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142638,53288],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[81,142641,142643],{"id":142642},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142645,142646],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142648,142649,142650,49976],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142651,41463],{},[34,142653,142655],{"className":36,"code":142654,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142656,142657,142671,142685,142699,142703,142727,142731,142752,142773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142658,142659,142662,142664,142666,142669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142660,142661],{"class":49},"filename1 ",[43,142663,98],{"class":97},[43,142665,276],{"class":264},[43,142667,142668],{"class":268},"img_101.jpg",[43,142670,3969],{"class":264},[43,142672,142673,142676,142678,142680,142683],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142674,142675],{"class":49},"filename2 ",[43,142677,98],{"class":97},[43,142679,276],{"class":264},[43,142681,142682],{"class":268},"photo_202.jpg",[43,142684,3969],{"class":264},[43,142686,142687,142690,142692,142694,142697],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142688,142689],{"class":49},"filename3 ",[43,142691,98],{"class":97},[43,142693,276],{"class":264},[43,142695,142696],{"class":268},"doc_303.jpg",[43,142698,3969],{"class":264},[43,142700,142701],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,142702,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142704,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,142706,128037],{"class":49},[43,142708,98],{"class":97},[43,142710,9855],{"class":53},[43,142712,265],{"class":264},[43,142714,142353],{"class":268},[43,142716,265],{"class":264},[43,142718,108],{"class":53},[43,142720,276],{"class":264},[43,142722,142362],{"class":268},[43,142724,265],{"class":264},[43,142726,346],{"class":53},[43,142728,142729],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,142730,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142732,142733,142735,142737,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,142734,142],{"class":141},[43,142736,145],{"class":53},[43,142738,142739],{"class":148},"filename1",[43,142741,79],{"class":53},[43,142743,141818],{"class":148},[43,142745,145],{"class":53},[43,142747,128089],{"class":148},[43,142749,5977],{"class":53},[43,142751,4275],{"class":165},[43,142753,142754,142756,142758,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,142755,142],{"class":141},[43,142757,145],{"class":53},[43,142759,142760],{"class":148},"filename2",[43,142762,79],{"class":53},[43,142764,141818],{"class":148},[43,142766,145],{"class":53},[43,142768,128089],{"class":148},[43,142770,5977],{"class":53},[43,142772,4275],{"class":165},[43,142774,142775,142777,142779,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,142776,142],{"class":141},[43,142778,145],{"class":53},[43,142780,142781],{"class":148},"filename3",[43,142783,79],{"class":53},[43,142785,141818],{"class":148},[43,142787,145],{"class":53},[43,142789,128089],{"class":148},[43,142791,5977],{"class":53},[43,142793,5386],{"class":165},[14,142795,142796],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142798,75389,142799,142803],{},[269,142800,126742,142801,11361],{"href":130336},[18,142802,126800],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[81,142805,124389],{"id":124388},[14,142807,142808,124200],{},[18,142809,128110],{},[14,142811,127787,142812,1233,142815,127794],{},[18,142813,142814],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142816,142817],{},"\"python\"",[34,142819,142821],{"className":36,"code":142820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142822,142823,142835,142839,142863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142824,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142826,35316],{"class":49},[43,142828,98],{"class":97},[43,142830,276],{"class":264},[43,142832,7914],{"class":268},[43,142834,3969],{"class":264},[43,142836,142837],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142838,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142840,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142842,142],{"class":141},[43,142844,145],{"class":53},[43,142846,35337],{"class":148},[43,142848,79],{"class":53},[43,142850,141818],{"class":148},[43,142852,145],{"class":53},[43,142854,265],{"class":264},[43,142856,141929],{"class":268},[43,142858,265],{"class":264},[43,142860,5977],{"class":53},[43,142862,4275],{"class":165},[43,142864,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,142866,142],{"class":141},[43,142868,145],{"class":53},[43,142870,35337],{"class":148},[43,142872,79],{"class":53},[43,142874,141818],{"class":148},[43,142876,145],{"class":53},[43,142878,265],{"class":264},[43,142880,129188],{"class":268},[43,142882,265],{"class":264},[43,142884,5977],{"class":53},[43,142886,5386],{"class":165},[14,142888,127879,142889,79],{},[269,142890,142891],{"href":124469},[18,142892,124472],{},[34,142894,142896],{"className":36,"code":142895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142897,142898,142910,142914],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142901,35316],{"class":49},[43,142903,98],{"class":97},[43,142905,276],{"class":264},[43,142907,7914],{"class":268},[43,142909,3969],{"class":264},[43,142911,142912],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142913,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142915,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,142917,142],{"class":141},[43,142919,145],{"class":53},[43,142921,35337],{"class":148},[43,142923,79],{"class":53},[43,142925,9259],{"class":148},[43,142927,9256],{"class":53},[43,142929,141818],{"class":148},[43,142931,145],{"class":53},[43,142933,265],{"class":264},[43,142935,129188],{"class":268},[43,142937,265],{"class":264},[43,142939,5977],{"class":53},[43,142941,4275],{"class":165},[81,142943,5576,142945],{"id":142944},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142946,128110],{},[14,142948,142949,142951],{},[18,142950,128110],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142953,9993],{},[389,142955,142956,142959,142962,142971],{},[392,142957,142958],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[392,142960,142961],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[392,142963,142964,142965,3486,142968],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142966,142967],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142969,142970],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[392,142972,142973],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142975,494],{},[34,142977,142979],{"className":36,"code":142978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142980,142981,142994,142998,143027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142982,142983,142985,142987,142989,142992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142984,127605],{"class":49},[43,142986,98],{"class":97},[43,142988,276],{"class":264},[43,142990,142991],{"class":268},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[43,142993,3969],{"class":264},[43,142995,142996],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,142997,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,142999,143000,143002,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143001,7614],{"class":4491},[43,143003,143004],{"class":49}," url",[43,143006,79],{"class":53},[43,143008,141818],{"class":148},[43,143010,6126],{"class":53},[43,143012,265],{"class":264},[43,143014,142967],{"class":268},[43,143016,265],{"class":264},[43,143018,108],{"class":53},[43,143020,276],{"class":264},[43,143022,142970],{"class":268},[43,143024,265],{"class":264},[43,143026,70185],{"class":53},[43,143028,143029,143031,143033,143035,143038,143040],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,143030,8687],{"class":141},[43,143032,145],{"class":53},[43,143034,265],{"class":264},[43,143036,143037],{"class":268},"This looks like a web URL.",[43,143039,265],{"class":264},[43,143041,346],{"class":53},[81,143043,3438],{"id":3437},[14,143045,23717,143046,79],{},[18,143047,128110],{},[1499,143049,139182],{"id":143050},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,143052,143053,124200],{},[18,143054,128110],{},[34,143056,143058],{"className":36,"code":143057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,143059,143060,143072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143061,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143063,35316],{"class":49},[43,143065,98],{"class":97},[43,143067,276],{"class":264},[43,143069,7914],{"class":268},[43,143071,3969],{"class":264},[43,143073,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143075,142],{"class":141},[43,143077,145],{"class":53},[43,143079,35337],{"class":148},[43,143081,79],{"class":53},[43,143083,141818],{"class":148},[43,143085,145],{"class":53},[43,143087,265],{"class":264},[43,143089,38],{"class":268},[43,143091,265],{"class":264},[43,143093,5977],{"class":53},[43,143095,5386],{"class":165},[14,143097,39889],{},[34,143099,143101],{"className":36,"code":143100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,143102,143103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143104,143105,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143106,142],{"class":141},[43,143108,145],{"class":53},[43,143110,35337],{"class":148},[43,143112,79],{"class":53},[43,143114,9259],{"class":148},[43,143116,9256],{"class":53},[43,143118,141818],{"class":148},[43,143120,145],{"class":53},[43,143122,265],{"class":264},[43,143124,38],{"class":268},[43,143126,265],{"class":264},[43,143128,5977],{"class":53},[43,143130,4275],{"class":165},[1499,143132,30275,143134,137664],{"id":143133},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,143135,128110],{},[14,143137,143138],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[34,143140,143142],{"className":36,"code":143141,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,143143,143144,143152,143156,143161],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143145,143146,143148,143150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143147,3054],{"class":49},[43,143149,98],{"class":97},[43,143151,125424],{"class":104},[43,143153,143154],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143155,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,143157,143158],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143159,143160],{"class":165},"# This will cause an error:\n",[43,143162,143163],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,143164,143165],{"class":165},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,143167,39889],{},[34,143169,143171],{"className":36,"code":143170,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,143172,143173,143187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143174,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143176,3054],{"class":49},[43,143178,98],{"class":97},[43,143180,49532],{"class":3510},[43,143182,145],{"class":53},[43,143184,50874],{"class":104},[43,143186,346],{"class":53},[43,143188,143189,143191,143193,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143190,142],{"class":141},[43,143192,145],{"class":53},[43,143194,3080],{"class":148},[43,143196,79],{"class":53},[43,143198,141818],{"class":148},[43,143200,145],{"class":53},[43,143202,265],{"class":264},[43,143204,154],{"class":268},[43,143206,265],{"class":264},[43,143208,5977],{"class":53},[43,143210,4275],{"class":165},[1499,143212,1860,143214,1863,143216],{"id":143213},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,143215,128110],{},[18,143217,4498],{},[14,143219,143220,143222],{},[18,143221,128110],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,143224,143225,143226,143228,143229,79],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,143227,4498],{}," or methods like ",[269,143230,143231],{"href":124752},[18,143232,124737],{},[34,143234,143236],{"className":36,"code":143235,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,143237,143238,143250,143254,143278],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143239,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143241,35316],{"class":49},[43,143243,98],{"class":97},[43,143245,276],{"class":264},[43,143247,61033],{"class":268},[43,143249,3969],{"class":264},[43,143251,143252],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143253,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,143255,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143257,142],{"class":141},[43,143259,145],{"class":53},[43,143261,35337],{"class":148},[43,143263,79],{"class":53},[43,143265,141818],{"class":148},[43,143267,145],{"class":53},[43,143269,265],{"class":264},[43,143271,61217],{"class":268},[43,143273,265],{"class":264},[43,143275,5977],{"class":53},[43,143277,5386],{"class":165},[43,143279,143280,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,143281,142],{"class":141},[43,143283,145],{"class":53},[43,143285,265],{"class":264},[43,143287,61217],{"class":268},[43,143289,265],{"class":264},[43,143291,21795],{"class":4491},[43,143293,43467],{"class":148},[43,143295,4272],{"class":53},[43,143297,143298],{"class":165},"           # True\n",[14,143300,136216,143301,79],{},[269,143302,127778],{"href":123997},[1499,143304,1849,143306,1233,143308,143310],{"id":143305},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,143307,20],{},[18,143309,53288],{}," use index positions",[14,143312,143313,143314,79],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,143315,1277],{},[34,143317,143319],{"className":36,"code":143318,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,143320,143321,143334,143338],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143322,143323,143325,143327,143329,143332],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143324,35316],{"class":49},[43,143326,98],{"class":97},[43,143328,276],{"class":264},[43,143330,143331],{"class":268},"abcdef",[43,143333,3969],{"class":264},[43,143335,143336],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143337,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,143339,143340,143342,143344,143346,143348,143350,143352,143354,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143341,142],{"class":141},[43,143343,145],{"class":53},[43,143345,35337],{"class":148},[43,143347,79],{"class":53},[43,143349,141818],{"class":148},[43,143351,145],{"class":53},[43,143353,265],{"class":264},[43,143355,143356],{"class":268},"cd",[43,143358,265],{"class":264},[43,143360,108],{"class":53},[43,143362,1525],{"class":104},[43,143364,5977],{"class":53},[43,143366,4275],{"class":165},[1499,143368,143370],{"id":143369},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143372,143373],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143375,1970],{},[34,143377,143379],{"className":36,"code":143378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,143380,143381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143382,143383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143384,143378],{"class":165},[14,143386,17277],{},[34,143388,143390],{"className":36,"code":143389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,143391,143392,143404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143393,143394,143396,143398,143400,143402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143395,35316],{"class":49},[43,143397,98],{"class":97},[43,143399,276],{"class":264},[43,143401,7914],{"class":268},[43,143403,3969],{"class":264},[43,143405,143406,143408,143410,143412,143414,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143431,143433,143435],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143407,142],{"class":141},[43,143409,145],{"class":53},[43,143411,35337],{"class":148},[43,143413,79],{"class":53},[43,143415,141818],{"class":148},[43,143417,6126],{"class":53},[43,143419,265],{"class":264},[43,143421,141929],{"class":268},[43,143423,265],{"class":264},[43,143425,108],{"class":53},[43,143427,276],{"class":264},[43,143429,143430],{"class":268},"Ja",[43,143432,265],{"class":264},[43,143434,51718],{"class":53},[43,143436,4275],{"class":165},[14,143438,32709],{},[34,143440,143442],{"className":36,"code":143441,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143443,143444,143454,143468,143490,143516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143445,143446,143448,143450,143452],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143447,142],{"class":141},[43,143449,145],{"class":53},[43,143451,35337],{"class":148},[43,143453,346],{"class":53},[43,143455,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143457,142],{"class":141},[43,143459,145],{"class":53},[43,143461,3832],{"class":3510},[43,143463,145],{"class":53},[43,143465,35337],{"class":148},[43,143467,2377],{"class":53},[43,143469,143470,143472,143474,143476,143478,143480,143482,143484,143486,143488],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143471,142],{"class":141},[43,143473,145],{"class":53},[43,143475,35337],{"class":148},[43,143477,79],{"class":53},[43,143479,141818],{"class":148},[43,143481,145],{"class":53},[43,143483,265],{"class":264},[43,143485,141929],{"class":268},[43,143487,265],{"class":264},[43,143489,2377],{"class":53},[43,143491,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502,143504,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,143493,142],{"class":141},[43,143495,145],{"class":53},[43,143497,35337],{"class":148},[43,143499,79],{"class":53},[43,143501,9259],{"class":148},[43,143503,9256],{"class":53},[43,143505,141818],{"class":148},[43,143507,145],{"class":53},[43,143509,265],{"class":264},[43,143511,129188],{"class":268},[43,143513,265],{"class":264},[43,143515,2377],{"class":53},[43,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,143519,142],{"class":141},[43,143521,145],{"class":53},[43,143523,35337],{"class":148},[43,143525,79],{"class":53},[43,143527,141818],{"class":148},[43,143529,6126],{"class":53},[43,143531,265],{"class":264},[43,143533,141929],{"class":268},[43,143535,265],{"class":264},[43,143537,108],{"class":53},[43,143539,276],{"class":264},[43,143541,143430],{"class":268},[43,143543,265],{"class":264},[43,143545,3521],{"class":53},[81,143547,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,143549,13328,143551,128588],{"id":143550},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143552,128110],{},[14,143554,143555,143556,3486,143558,79],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143557,4216],{},[18,143559,4285],{},[1499,143561,5784,143563,143565],{"id":143562},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143564,128110],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143567,143568],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[34,143570,143572],{"className":36,"code":143571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143573,143574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143575,143576,143578,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596,143598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143577,35337],{"class":49},[43,143579,79],{"class":53},[43,143581,141818],{"class":148},[43,143583,6126],{"class":53},[43,143585,265],{"class":264},[43,143587,269],{"class":268},[43,143589,265],{"class":264},[43,143591,108],{"class":53},[43,143593,276],{"class":264},[43,143595,279],{"class":268},[43,143597,265],{"class":264},[43,143599,2377],{"class":53},[1499,143601,15527,143603,125078],{"id":143602},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143604,128110],{},[14,143606,130271],{},[1499,143608,5794,143610,1233,143612,2490],{"id":143609},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143611,128110],{},[18,143613,4498],{},[14,143615,143616,143618,143619,143621],{},[18,143617,128110],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143620,4498],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1499,143623,28953,143625,1233,143627,1863,143629,2490],{"id":143624},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143626,20],{},[18,143628,53288],{},[18,143630,128110],{},[14,143632,143633],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[81,143635,2497],{"id":2496},[389,143637,143638,143644,143650,143656,143660],{},[392,143639,143640],{},[269,143641,126742,143642,11361],{"href":130336},[18,143643,126800],{},[392,143645,143646],{},[269,143647,126742,143648,11361],{"href":124752},[18,143649,124737],{},[392,143651,143652],{},[269,143653,126742,143654,11361],{"href":124469},[18,143655,124472],{},[392,143657,143658],{},[269,143659,125141],{"href":123997},[392,143661,143662],{},[269,143663,125497],{"href":51603},[2536,143665,143666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":143668},[143669,143671,143672,143678,143679,143681,143682,143683,143685,143695,143707],{"id":141864,"depth":131,"text":143670},"What startswith() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":142143,"depth":131,"text":142144,"children":143673},[143674,143675,143676,143677],{"id":141981,"depth":138,"text":141981},{"id":20,"depth":138,"text":20},{"id":53288,"depth":138,"text":53288},{"id":142310,"depth":138,"text":142311},{"id":18039,"depth":131,"text":18040},{"id":142488,"depth":131,"text":143680},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142642,"depth":131,"text":142643},{"id":124388,"depth":131,"text":124389},{"id":142944,"depth":131,"text":143684},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":143686},[143687,143688,143690,143692,143694],{"id":143050,"depth":138,"text":139182},{"id":143133,"depth":138,"text":143689},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143213,"depth":138,"text":143691},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143305,"depth":138,"text":143693},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143369,"depth":138,"text":143370},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":143696},[143697,143699,143701,143703,143705],{"id":143550,"depth":138,"text":143698},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143562,"depth":138,"text":143700},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143602,"depth":138,"text":143702},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143609,"depth":138,"text":143704},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143624,"depth":138,"text":143706},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141764,"description":143708},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143715,"title":143716,"body":143717,"description":145171,"extension":2572,"meta":145172,"navigation":134,"path":145173,"seo":145174,"stem":145175,"__hash__":145176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143718,"toc":145141},[143719,143724,143729,143732,143734,143778,143780,143788,143793,143798,143803,143805,143823,143825,143871,143873,143887,143896,143900,143902,143904,143916,143921,143924,143956,143958,143967,143972,143975,144016,144018,144026,144028,144041,144047,144051,144054,144070,144072,144121,144123,144132,144135,144194,144196,144205,144212,144215,144268,144270,144294,144301,144307,144311,144317,144320,144331,144333,144373,144375,144383,144385,144425,144427,144436,144438,144456,144459,144466,144477,144480,144497,144499,144576,144578,144609,144612,144614,144617,144643,144645,144685,144687,144696,144706,144714,144722,144727,144732,144734,144748,144750,144801,144803,144812,144822,144824,144826,144848,144851,144930,144932,144968,144971,145046,145051,145053,145059,145064,145069,145072,145078,145081,145088,145096,145100,145108,145110,145138],[10,143720,123742,143722,11943],{"id":143721},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143723,42279],{},[14,143725,32944,143726,143728],{},[18,143727,42279],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143730,143731],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[81,143733,4221],{"id":4220},[34,143735,143737],{"className":36,"code":143736,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143738,143739,143752,143767],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143740,143741,143743,143745,143747,143750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143742,35316],{"class":49},[43,143744,98],{"class":97},[43,143746,276],{"class":264},[43,143748,143749],{"class":268},"  hello  ",[43,143751,3969],{"class":264},[43,143753,143754,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143755,143756],{"class":49},"clean_text ",[43,143758,98],{"class":97},[43,143760,43467],{"class":49},[43,143762,79],{"class":53},[43,143764,9253],{"class":148},[43,143766,9262],{"class":53},[43,143768,143769,143771,143773,143776],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143770,142],{"class":141},[43,143772,145],{"class":53},[43,143774,143775],{"class":148},"clean_text",[43,143777,346],{"class":53},[14,143779,349],{},[34,143781,143782],{"className":36,"code":139057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,143783,143784],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143785,143786],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143787,139057],{"class":49},[14,143789,230,143790,143792],{},[18,143791,42279],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[81,143794,4289,143796,4292],{"id":143795},"what-strip-does",[18,143797,42279],{},[14,143799,143800,143802],{},[18,143801,42279],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143804,387],{},[389,143806,143807,143811,143814,143817,143820],{},[392,143808,143809,132092],{},[18,143810,42279],{},[392,143812,143813],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[392,143815,143816],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[392,143818,143819],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[392,143821,143822],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143824,494],{},[34,143826,143828],{"className":36,"code":143827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143829,143830,143843,143847,143861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143831,143832,143834,143836,143838,143841],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143833,35316],{"class":49},[43,143835,98],{"class":97},[43,143837,276],{"class":264},[43,143839,143840],{"class":268},"  hello world  ",[43,143842,3969],{"class":264},[43,143844,143845],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143846,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,143848,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857,143859],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,143850,142],{"class":141},[43,143852,145],{"class":53},[43,143854,35337],{"class":148},[43,143856,79],{"class":53},[43,143858,9253],{"class":148},[43,143860,7811],{"class":53},[43,143862,143863,143865,143867,143869],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,143864,142],{"class":141},[43,143866,145],{"class":53},[43,143868,35337],{"class":148},[43,143870,346],{"class":53},[14,143872,349],{},[34,143874,143876],{"className":36,"code":143875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143877,143878,143882],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143879,143880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143881,134758],{"class":49},[43,143883,143884],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143885,143886],{"class":49},"  hello world\n",[14,143888,143889,143890,143892,143893,143895],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143891,42279],{},", but the original ",[18,143894,35337],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143897,125494,143898,79],{},[269,143899,125497],{"href":51603},[81,143901,2763],{"id":2762},[14,143903,27111],{},[389,143905,143906,143911],{},[392,143907,143908],{},[18,143909,143910],{},"string.strip()",[392,143912,143913],{},[18,143914,143915],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1499,143917,143919],{"id":143918},"stringstrip",[18,143920,143910],{},[14,143922,143923],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[34,143925,143927],{"className":36,"code":143926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143928,143929,143942],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143930,143931,143933,143935,143937,143940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143932,8494],{"class":49},[43,143934,98],{"class":97},[43,143936,276],{"class":264},[43,143938,143939],{"class":268},"  Alice  ",[43,143941,3969],{"class":264},[43,143943,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952,143954],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143945,142],{"class":141},[43,143947,145],{"class":53},[43,143949,8286],{"class":148},[43,143951,79],{"class":53},[43,143953,9253],{"class":148},[43,143955,7811],{"class":53},[14,143957,349],{},[34,143959,143961],{"className":36,"code":143960,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Alice\n",[18,143962,143963],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143964,143965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143966,143960],{"class":49},[1499,143968,143970],{"id":143969},"stringstripchars",[18,143971,143915],{},[14,143973,143974],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[34,143976,143978],{"className":36,"code":143977,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143979,143980,143993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143981,143982,143984,143986,143988,143991],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143983,35316],{"class":49},[43,143985,98],{"class":97},[43,143987,276],{"class":264},[43,143989,143990],{"class":268},"!!hello??",[43,143992,3969],{"class":264},[43,143994,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007,144009,144012,144014],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,143996,142],{"class":141},[43,143998,145],{"class":53},[43,144000,35337],{"class":148},[43,144002,79],{"class":53},[43,144004,9253],{"class":148},[43,144006,145],{"class":53},[43,144008,265],{"class":264},[43,144010,144011],{"class":268},"!?",[43,144013,265],{"class":264},[43,144015,2377],{"class":53},[14,144017,349],{},[34,144019,144020],{"className":36,"code":139057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,144021,144022],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144023,144024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144025,139057],{"class":49},[14,144027,84208],{},[389,144029,144030,144035],{},[392,144031,144032,144034],{},[18,144033,135001],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[392,144036,144037,144038,144040],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,144039,135001],{}," does not matter",[81,144042,144044,144045],{"id":144043},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,144046,42279],{},[14,144048,31511,144049,79],{},[18,144050,42279],{},[14,144052,144053],{},"It is useful for:",[389,144055,144056,144061,144064,144067],{},[392,144057,144058,144059,4501],{},"Cleaning ",[18,144060,3567],{},[392,144062,144063],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[392,144065,144066],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[392,144068,144069],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,144071,48989],{},[34,144073,144075],{"className":36,"code":144074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,144076,144077,144090,144106,144110],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144078,144079,144081,144083,144085,144088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144080,8579],{"class":49},[43,144082,98],{"class":97},[43,144084,276],{"class":264},[43,144086,144087],{"class":268},"  sam  ",[43,144089,3969],{"class":264},[43,144091,144092,144095,144097,144100,144102,144104],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144093,144094],{"class":49},"clean_username ",[43,144096,98],{"class":97},[43,144098,144099],{"class":49}," username",[43,144101,79],{"class":53},[43,144103,9253],{"class":148},[43,144105,9262],{"class":53},[43,144107,144108],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144109,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144111,144112,144114,144116,144119],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144113,142],{"class":141},[43,144115,145],{"class":53},[43,144117,144118],{"class":148},"clean_username",[43,144120,346],{"class":53},[14,144122,349],{},[34,144124,144126],{"className":36,"code":144125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sam\n",[18,144127,144128],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144129,144130],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144131,144125],{"class":49},[14,144133,144134],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[34,144136,144138],{"className":36,"code":144137,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,144139,144140,144153,144157,144179],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144141,144142,144144,144146,144148,144151],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144143,136985],{"class":49},[43,144145,98],{"class":97},[43,144147,276],{"class":264},[43,144149,144150],{"class":268}," yes  ",[43,144152,3969],{"class":264},[43,144154,144155],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144156,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144158,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169,144171,144173,144175,144177],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144160,7614],{"class":4491},[43,144162,137005],{"class":49},[43,144164,79],{"class":53},[43,144166,9253],{"class":148},[43,144168,7983],{"class":53},[43,144170,7024],{"class":97},[43,144172,276],{"class":264},[43,144174,9277],{"class":268},[43,144176,265],{"class":264},[43,144178,7009],{"class":53},[43,144180,144181,144183,144185,144187,144190,144192],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144182,8687],{"class":141},[43,144184,145],{"class":53},[43,144186,265],{"class":264},[43,144188,144189],{"class":268},"Matched",[43,144191,265],{"class":264},[43,144193,346],{"class":53},[14,144195,349],{},[34,144197,144199],{"className":36,"code":144198,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Matched\n",[18,144200,144201],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144202,144203],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144204,144198],{"class":49},[14,144206,144207,144208,79],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[269,144209,144211],{"href":144210},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,144213,144214],{},"Example with file-style text:",[34,144216,144218],{"className":36,"code":144217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,144219,144220,144236,144250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144221,144222,144225,144227,144229,144232,144234],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144223,144224],{"class":49},"line ",[43,144226,98],{"class":97},[43,144228,276],{"class":264},[43,144230,144231],{"class":268},"Python basics",[43,144233,87540],{"class":35081},[43,144235,3969],{"class":264},[43,144237,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144239,142],{"class":141},[43,144241,145],{"class":53},[43,144243,42405],{"class":141},[43,144245,145],{"class":53},[43,144247,45],{"class":148},[43,144249,2377],{"class":53},[43,144251,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144253,142],{"class":141},[43,144255,145],{"class":53},[43,144257,42405],{"class":141},[43,144259,145],{"class":53},[43,144261,45],{"class":148},[43,144263,79],{"class":53},[43,144265,9253],{"class":148},[43,144267,6905],{"class":53},[14,144269,349],{},[34,144271,144273],{"className":36,"code":144272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,144274,144275,144286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144276,144277,144279,144281,144284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144278,361],{"class":43954},[43,144280,144231],{"class":43958},[43,144282,87540],{"class":144283},"sfi6f",[43,144285,30325],{"class":43954},[43,144287,144288,144290,144292],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144289,361],{"class":43954},[43,144291,144231],{"class":43958},[43,144293,30325],{"class":43954},[14,144295,2445,144296,144298,144299,79],{},[18,144297,122956],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,144300,87540],{},[14,144302,144303,144304,79],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[269,144305,144306],{"href":88193},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[81,144308,144310],{"id":144309},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,144312,144313,144314,79],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,144315,144316],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144318,144319],{},"Python will:",[389,144321,144322,144325,144328],{},[392,144323,144324],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[392,144326,144327],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[392,144329,144330],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144332,494],{},[34,144334,144336],{"className":36,"code":144335,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,144337,144338,144351],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144339,144340,144342,144344,144346,144349],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144341,35316],{"class":49},[43,144343,98],{"class":97},[43,144345,276],{"class":264},[43,144347,144348],{"class":268},"??hello!!",[43,144350,3969],{"class":264},[43,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144354,142],{"class":141},[43,144356,145],{"class":53},[43,144358,35337],{"class":148},[43,144360,79],{"class":53},[43,144362,9253],{"class":148},[43,144364,145],{"class":53},[43,144366,265],{"class":264},[43,144368,144011],{"class":268},[43,144370,265],{"class":264},[43,144372,2377],{"class":53},[14,144374,349],{},[34,144376,144377],{"className":36,"code":139057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,144378,144379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144380,144381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144382,139057],{"class":49},[14,144384,52707],{},[34,144386,144388],{"className":36,"code":144387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,144389,144390,144403],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144391,144392,144394,144396,144398,144401],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144393,35316],{"class":49},[43,144395,98],{"class":97},[43,144397,276],{"class":264},[43,144399,144400],{"class":268},"abcHelloCba",[43,144402,3969],{"class":264},[43,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411,144413,144415,144417,144419,144421,144423],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144406,142],{"class":141},[43,144408,145],{"class":53},[43,144410,35337],{"class":148},[43,144412,79],{"class":53},[43,144414,9253],{"class":148},[43,144416,145],{"class":53},[43,144418,265],{"class":264},[43,144420,42186],{"class":268},[43,144422,265],{"class":264},[43,144424,2377],{"class":53},[14,144426,349],{},[34,144428,144430],{"className":36,"code":144429,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HelloC\n",[18,144431,144432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144433,144434],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144435,144429],{"class":49},[14,144437,6850],{},[14,144439,144440,14678,144443,144445,144446,144448,144449,21,144451,2799,144453,144455],{},[18,144441,144442],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[76,144444,1957],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144447,42186],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144450,269],{},[18,144452,279],{},[18,144454,288],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144457,144458],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144460,144461,144462,7247],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[269,144463,144464],{"href":130323},[18,144465,124913],{},[81,144467,144469,11205,144471,11205,144474],{"id":144468},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144470,42279],{},[18,144472,144473],{},"lstrip()",[18,144475,144476],{},"rstrip()",[14,144478,144479],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[389,144481,144482,144487,144492],{},[392,144483,144484,144486],{},[18,144485,42279],{}," removes from both ends",[392,144488,144489,144491],{},[18,144490,144473],{}," removes from the left side only",[392,144493,144494,144496],{},[18,144495,144476],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144498,494],{},[34,144500,144502],{"className":36,"code":144501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144503,144504,144516,144520,144538,144557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144505,144506,144508,144510,144512,144514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144507,35316],{"class":49},[43,144509,98],{"class":97},[43,144511,276],{"class":264},[43,144513,143749],{"class":268},[43,144515,3969],{"class":264},[43,144517,144518],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144519,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144521,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144523,142],{"class":141},[43,144525,145],{"class":53},[43,144527,42405],{"class":141},[43,144529,145],{"class":53},[43,144531,35337],{"class":148},[43,144533,79],{"class":53},[43,144535,9253],{"class":148},[43,144537,6905],{"class":53},[43,144539,144540,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552,144555],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144541,142],{"class":141},[43,144543,145],{"class":53},[43,144545,42405],{"class":141},[43,144547,145],{"class":53},[43,144549,35337],{"class":148},[43,144551,79],{"class":53},[43,144553,144554],{"class":148},"lstrip",[43,144556,6905],{"class":53},[43,144558,144559,144561,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144574],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,144560,142],{"class":141},[43,144562,145],{"class":53},[43,144564,42405],{"class":141},[43,144566,145],{"class":53},[43,144568,35337],{"class":148},[43,144570,79],{"class":53},[43,144572,144573],{"class":148},"rstrip",[43,144575,6905],{"class":53},[14,144577,349],{},[34,144579,144581],{"className":36,"code":144580,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144582,144583,144591,144600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144584,144585,144587,144589],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144586,361],{"class":43954},[43,144588,4459],{"class":43958},[43,144590,30325],{"class":43954},[43,144592,144593,144595,144598],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144594,361],{"class":43954},[43,144596,144597],{"class":43958},"hello  ",[43,144599,30325],{"class":43954},[43,144601,144602,144604,144607],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144603,361],{"class":43954},[43,144605,144606],{"class":43958},"  hello",[43,144608,30325],{"class":43954},[14,144610,144611],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[81,144613,108750],{"id":108749},[14,144615,144616],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[389,144618,144619,144627,144637,144640],{},[392,144620,144621,144623,144624,144626],{},[18,144622,144442],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144625,42155],{}," once",[392,144628,144629,144630,21,144632,2799,144634,144636],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144631,269],{},[18,144633,279],{},[18,144635,288],{}," from both ends",[392,144638,144639],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[392,144641,144642],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144644,494],{},[34,144646,144648],{"className":36,"code":144647,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144649,144650,144663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144651,144652,144654,144656,144658,144661],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144653,126825],{"class":49},[43,144655,98],{"class":97},[43,144657,276],{"class":264},[43,144659,144660],{"class":268},"txt_report.txt",[43,144662,3969],{"class":264},[43,144664,144665,144667,144669,144671,144673,144675,144677,144679,144681,144683],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144666,142],{"class":141},[43,144668,145],{"class":53},[43,144670,126843],{"class":148},[43,144672,79],{"class":53},[43,144674,9253],{"class":148},[43,144676,145],{"class":53},[43,144678,265],{"class":264},[43,144680,126878],{"class":268},[43,144682,265],{"class":264},[43,144684,2377],{"class":53},[14,144686,349],{},[34,144688,144690],{"className":36,"code":144689,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"_report\n",[18,144691,144692],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144693,144694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144695,144689],{"class":49},[14,144697,144698,144699,21,144701,2799,144703,144705],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144700,79],{},[18,144702,63912],{},[18,144704,2780],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144707,54281,144708,5398,144711,144713],{},[18,144709,144710],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[76,144712,1957],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144715,144716,144717,144721],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[269,144718,144719],{"href":130323},[18,144720,124913],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[81,144723,5576,144725],{"id":144724},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144726,42279],{},[14,144728,230,144729,144731],{},[18,144730,42279],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144733,37054],{},[389,144735,144736,144740,144742,144745],{},[392,144737,144058,144738,4501],{},[18,144739,3567],{},[392,144741,144063],{},[392,144743,144744],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[392,144746,144747],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144749,494],{},[34,144751,144753],{"className":36,"code":144752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144754,144755,144769,144773,144786],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144756,144757,144760,144762,144764,144767],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144758,144759],{"class":49},"email ",[43,144761,98],{"class":97},[43,144763,276],{"class":264},[43,144765,144766],{"class":268},"  user@example.com  ",[43,144768,3969],{"class":264},[43,144770,144771],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144774,144775,144777,144780,144782,144784],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144776,7614],{"class":4491},[43,144778,144779],{"class":49}," email",[43,144781,79],{"class":53},[43,144783,9253],{"class":148},[43,144785,22217],{"class":53},[43,144787,144788,144790,144792,144794,144797,144799],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144789,8687],{"class":141},[43,144791,145],{"class":53},[43,144793,265],{"class":264},[43,144795,144796],{"class":268},"Email was entered",[43,144798,265],{"class":264},[43,144800,346],{"class":53},[14,144802,349],{},[34,144804,144806],{"className":36,"code":144805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Email was entered\n",[18,144807,144808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144809,144810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144811,144805],{"class":49},[14,144813,144814,144815,144817,144818,79],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144816,42279],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[269,144819,144820],{"href":124469},[18,144821,124472],{},[81,144823,3438],{"id":3437},[14,144825,84627],{},[389,144827,144828,144832,144837,144842],{},[392,144829,9071,144830,131962],{},[18,144831,42279],{},[392,144833,9071,144834,144836],{},[18,144835,42279],{}," to remove text from the middle",[392,144838,2445,144839,144841],{},[18,144840,144710],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[392,144843,1849,144844,144847],{},[18,144845,144846],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144849,144850],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[34,144852,144854],{"className":36,"code":144853,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144855,144856,144870,144874,144884,144898,144912],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144857,144858,144860,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144859,35316],{"class":49},[43,144861,98],{"class":97},[43,144863,276],{"class":264},[43,144865,144606],{"class":268},[43,144867,87540],{"class":35081},[43,144869,3969],{"class":264},[43,144871,144872],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144875,144876,144878,144880,144882],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144877,142],{"class":141},[43,144879,145],{"class":53},[43,144881,35337],{"class":148},[43,144883,346],{"class":53},[43,144885,144886,144888,144890,144892,144894,144896],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144887,142],{"class":141},[43,144889,145],{"class":53},[43,144891,42405],{"class":141},[43,144893,145],{"class":53},[43,144895,35337],{"class":148},[43,144897,2377],{"class":53},[43,144899,144900,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,144901,142],{"class":141},[43,144903,145],{"class":53},[43,144905,35337],{"class":148},[43,144907,79],{"class":53},[43,144909,9253],{"class":148},[43,144911,7811],{"class":53},[43,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,144915,142],{"class":141},[43,144917,145],{"class":53},[43,144919,42405],{"class":141},[43,144921,145],{"class":53},[43,144923,35337],{"class":148},[43,144925,79],{"class":53},[43,144927,9253],{"class":148},[43,144929,6905],{"class":53},[14,144931,349],{},[34,144933,144935],{"className":36,"code":144934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144936,144937,144942,144946,144956,144960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144938,144939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144940,144941],{"class":49},"  hello\n",[43,144943,144944],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144945,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,144947,144948,144950,144952,144954],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,144949,361],{"class":43954},[43,144951,144606],{"class":43958},[43,144953,87540],{"class":144283},[43,144955,30325],{"class":43954},[43,144957,144958],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,144959,139057],{"class":49},[43,144961,144962,144964,144966],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,144963,361],{"class":43954},[43,144965,4459],{"class":43958},[43,144967,30325],{"class":43954},[14,144969,144970],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[34,144972,144974],{"className":36,"code":144973,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144975,144976,144986,145000,145014,145032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144977,144978,144980,144982,144984],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144979,142],{"class":141},[43,144981,145],{"class":53},[43,144983,35337],{"class":148},[43,144985,346],{"class":53},[43,144987,144988,144990,144992,144994,144996,144998],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,144989,142],{"class":141},[43,144991,145],{"class":53},[43,144993,42405],{"class":141},[43,144995,145],{"class":53},[43,144997,35337],{"class":148},[43,144999,2377],{"class":53},[43,145001,145002,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145003,142],{"class":141},[43,145005,145],{"class":53},[43,145007,35337],{"class":148},[43,145009,79],{"class":53},[43,145011,9253],{"class":148},[43,145013,7811],{"class":53},[43,145015,145016,145018,145020,145022,145024,145026,145028,145030],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145017,142],{"class":141},[43,145019,145],{"class":53},[43,145021,42405],{"class":141},[43,145023,145],{"class":53},[43,145025,35337],{"class":148},[43,145027,79],{"class":53},[43,145029,9253],{"class":148},[43,145031,6905],{"class":53},[43,145033,145034,145036,145038,145040,145042,145044],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,145035,32779],{"class":141},[43,145037,145],{"class":53},[43,145039,4054],{"class":3510},[43,145041,79],{"class":53},[43,145043,9253],{"class":25373},[43,145045,346],{"class":53},[14,145047,145048,145050],{},[18,145049,122956],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[81,145052,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,145054,13328,145056,145058],{"id":145055},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,145057,42279],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,145060,46992,145061,145063],{},[18,145062,42279],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1499,145065,13328,145067,125069],{"id":145066},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,145068,42279],{},[14,145070,145071],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1499,145073,2476,145075,145077],{"id":145074},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,145076,42279],{}," remove by default?",[14,145079,145080],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1499,145082,34833,145084,34836,145086,2490],{"id":145083},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,145085,42279],{},[18,145087,124913],{},[14,145089,145090,145092,145093,145095],{},[18,145091,42279],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,145094,124913],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1499,145097,145099],{"id":145098},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,145101,128615,145102,145104,145105,145107],{},[18,145103,144473],{}," for the left side and ",[18,145106,144476],{}," for the right side.",[81,145109,2497],{"id":2496},[389,145111,145112,145118,145124,145129,145134],{},[392,145113,145114],{},[269,145115,126742,145116,11361],{"href":124469},[18,145117,124472],{},[392,145119,145120],{},[269,145121,126742,145122,11361],{"href":130323},[18,145123,124913],{},[392,145125,145126],{},[269,145127,145128],{"href":144210},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[392,145130,145131],{},[269,145132,145133],{"href":88193},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[392,145135,145136],{},[269,145137,125497],{"href":51603},[2536,145139,145140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":145142},[145143,145144,145146,145150,145152,145153,145155,145156,145158,145159,145170],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":143795,"depth":131,"text":145145},"What strip() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":145147},[145148,145149],{"id":143918,"depth":138,"text":143910},{"id":143969,"depth":138,"text":143915},{"id":144043,"depth":131,"text":145151},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144309,"depth":131,"text":144310},{"id":144468,"depth":131,"text":145154},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108749,"depth":131,"text":108750},{"id":144724,"depth":131,"text":145157},"When to use strip()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":145160},[145161,145163,145165,145167,145169],{"id":145055,"depth":138,"text":145162},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145066,"depth":138,"text":145164},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145074,"depth":138,"text":145166},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145083,"depth":138,"text":145168},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145098,"depth":138,"text":145099},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143716,"description":145171},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145178,"title":145179,"body":145180,"description":146360,"extension":2572,"meta":146361,"navigation":134,"path":146362,"seo":146363,"stem":146364,"__hash__":146365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145181,"toc":146330},[145182,145187,145192,145197,145199,145245,145253,145258,145272,145278,145280,145282,145297,145299,145309,145312,145343,145346,145369,145371,145374,145431,145433,145447,145449,145463,145469,145474,145477,145518,145520,145529,145537,145540,145585,145587,145596,145599,145603,145608,145622,145624,145656,145658,145678,145681,145686,145691,145693,145704,145707,145764,145766,145774,145783,145785,145787,145793,145795,145832,145834,145842,145844,145885,145887,145896,145901,145906,145908,145935,145942,145945,145976,145978,145987,145993,146002,146033,146035,146047,146060,146064,146069,146099,146101,146168,146170,146180,146182,146187,146190,146195,146200,146204,146210,146216,146219,146221,146279,146281,146289,146291,146327],[10,145183,123742,145185,11943],{"id":145184},"python-string-upper-method",[18,145186,128620],{},[14,145188,123747,145189,145191],{},[18,145190,128620],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,145193,85004,145194,145196],{},[18,145195,128620],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[81,145198,84],{"id":83},[34,145200,145202],{"className":36,"code":145201,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145203,145204,145216,145230,145240],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145207,35316],{"class":49},[43,145209,98],{"class":97},[43,145211,276],{"class":264},[43,145213,129461],{"class":268},[43,145215,3969],{"class":264},[43,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145219,2836],{"class":49},[43,145221,98],{"class":97},[43,145223,43467],{"class":49},[43,145225,79],{"class":53},[43,145227,35106],{"class":148},[43,145229,9262],{"class":53},[43,145231,145232,145234,145236,145238],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145233,142],{"class":141},[43,145235,145],{"class":53},[43,145237,2871],{"class":148},[43,145239,346],{"class":53},[43,145241,145242],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145243,145244],{"class":165},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,145246,145247,145249,145250,145252],{},[18,145248,128620],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[76,145251,1957],{}," change the original string in place.",[81,145254,4289,145256,4292],{"id":145255},"what-upper-does",[18,145257,128620],{},[389,145259,145260,145265,145268,145270],{},[392,145261,145262,145264],{},[18,145263,128620],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[392,145266,145267],{},"It works on string values only",[392,145269,133990],{},[392,145271,136708],{},[14,145273,125494,145274,3486,145276,79],{},[269,145275,136714],{"href":136713},[269,145277,125497],{"href":51603},[81,145279,2763],{"id":2762},[14,145281,2766],{},[34,145283,145285],{"className":36,"code":145284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.upper()\n",[18,145286,145287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145288,145289,145291,145293,145295],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145290,61799],{"class":49},[43,145292,79],{"class":53},[43,145294,35106],{"class":148},[43,145296,9262],{"class":53},[14,145298,12080],{},[389,145300,145301,145303,145306],{},[392,145302,97915],{},[392,145304,145305],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[392,145307,145308],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,145310,145311],{},"Example with a variable:",[34,145313,145315],{"className":36,"code":145314,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,145316,145317,145329],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145327],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145320,8494],{"class":49},[43,145322,98],{"class":97},[43,145324,276],{"class":264},[43,145326,38],{"class":268},[43,145328,3969],{"class":264},[43,145330,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145332,142],{"class":141},[43,145334,145],{"class":53},[43,145336,8286],{"class":148},[43,145338,79],{"class":53},[43,145340,35106],{"class":148},[43,145342,7811],{"class":53},[14,145344,145345],{},"Example with a string literal:",[34,145347,145349],{"className":36,"code":145348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,145350,145351],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145352,145353,145355,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365,145367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145354,142],{"class":141},[43,145356,145],{"class":53},[43,145358,265],{"class":264},[43,145360,4459],{"class":268},[43,145362,265],{"class":264},[43,145364,79],{"class":53},[43,145366,35106],{"class":148},[43,145368,7811],{"class":53},[81,145370,12097],{"id":12096},[14,145372,145373],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[34,145375,145377],{"className":36,"code":145376,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,145378,145379,145391,145406,145410,145420],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145380,145381,145383,145385,145387,145389],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145382,6769],{"class":49},[43,145384,98],{"class":97},[43,145386,276],{"class":264},[43,145388,4703],{"class":268},[43,145390,3969],{"class":264},[43,145392,145393,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145394,145395],{"class":49},"uppercase_word ",[43,145397,98],{"class":97},[43,145399,39008],{"class":49},[43,145401,79],{"class":53},[43,145403,35106],{"class":148},[43,145405,9262],{"class":53},[43,145407,145408],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145409,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,145411,145412,145414,145416,145418],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145413,142],{"class":141},[43,145415,145],{"class":53},[43,145417,39018],{"class":148},[43,145419,346],{"class":53},[43,145421,145422,145424,145426,145429],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,145423,142],{"class":141},[43,145425,145],{"class":53},[43,145427,145428],{"class":148},"uppercase_word",[43,145430,346],{"class":53},[14,145432,349],{},[34,145434,145436],{"className":36,"code":145435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,145437,145438,145442],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145439,145440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145441,71026],{"class":49},[43,145443,145444],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145445,145446],{"class":35081},"BANANA\n",[14,145448,112856],{},[389,145450,145451,145456],{},[392,145452,145453,145455],{},[18,145454,39018],{}," keeps its original value",[392,145457,145458,145460,145461],{},[18,145459,145428],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145462,128620],{},[81,145464,145466,145468],{"id":145465},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145467,128620],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145470,137374,145471,145473],{},[76,145472,137377],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145475,145476],{},"So this method:",[34,145478,145480],{"className":36,"code":145479,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145481,145482,145494,145504,145508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145483,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145485,8494],{"class":49},[43,145487,98],{"class":97},[43,145489,276],{"class":264},[43,145491,18425],{"class":268},[43,145493,3969],{"class":264},[43,145495,145496,145498,145500,145502],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145497,8286],{"class":49},[43,145499,79],{"class":53},[43,145501,35106],{"class":148},[43,145503,9262],{"class":53},[43,145505,145506],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145507,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,145509,145510,145512,145514,145516],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145511,142],{"class":141},[43,145513,145],{"class":53},[43,145515,8286],{"class":148},[43,145517,346],{"class":53},[14,145519,349],{},[34,145521,145523],{"className":36,"code":145522,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"alice\n",[18,145524,145525],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145526,145527],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145528,145522],{"class":49},[14,145530,21599,145531,145533,145534,145536],{},[18,145532,128620],{}," was called, ",[18,145535,8286],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145538,145539],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[34,145541,145543],{"className":36,"code":145542,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145544,145545,145557,145571,145575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145548,8494],{"class":49},[43,145550,98],{"class":97},[43,145552,276],{"class":264},[43,145554,18425],{"class":268},[43,145556,3969],{"class":264},[43,145558,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145560,8494],{"class":49},[43,145562,98],{"class":97},[43,145564,36622],{"class":49},[43,145566,79],{"class":53},[43,145568,35106],{"class":148},[43,145570,9262],{"class":53},[43,145572,145573],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145574,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,145576,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145578,142],{"class":141},[43,145580,145],{"class":53},[43,145582,8286],{"class":148},[43,145584,346],{"class":53},[14,145586,349],{},[34,145588,145590],{"className":36,"code":145589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ALICE\n",[18,145591,145592],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145593,145594],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145595,145589],{"class":35081},[14,145597,145598],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[81,145600,145602],{"id":145601},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145604,145605,145607],{},[18,145606,128620],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[389,145609,145610,145613,145616,145619],{},[392,145611,145612],{},"Numbers stay the same",[392,145614,145615],{},"Spaces stay the same",[392,145617,145618],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[392,145620,145621],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145623,494],{},[34,145625,145627],{"className":36,"code":145626,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145628,145629,145642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145630,145631,145633,145635,145637,145640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145632,35316],{"class":49},[43,145634,98],{"class":97},[43,145636,276],{"class":264},[43,145638,145639],{"class":268},"Room 7, table #3!",[43,145641,3969],{"class":264},[43,145643,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145645,142],{"class":141},[43,145647,145],{"class":53},[43,145649,35337],{"class":148},[43,145651,79],{"class":53},[43,145653,35106],{"class":148},[43,145655,7811],{"class":53},[14,145657,349],{},[34,145659,145661],{"className":36,"code":145660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145662,145663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145664,145665,145668,145670,145672,145675],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145666,145667],{"class":35081},"ROOM",[43,145669,6609],{"class":104},[43,145671,108],{"class":53},[43,145673,145674],{"class":35081}," TABLE",[43,145676,145677],{"class":165}," #3!\n",[14,145679,145680],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[81,145682,5576,145684],{"id":145683},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145685,128620],{},[14,145687,145688,145690],{},[18,145689,128620],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145692,48967],{},[389,145694,145695,145698,145701],{},[392,145696,145697],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[392,145699,145700],{},"Format labels or headings",[392,145702,145703],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145705,145706],{},"Example: simple comparison",[34,145708,145710],{"className":36,"code":145709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145711,145712,145724,145728,145750],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145713,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145715,136985],{"class":49},[43,145717,98],{"class":97},[43,145719,276],{"class":264},[43,145721,9277],{"class":268},[43,145723,3969],{"class":264},[43,145725,145726],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145727,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,145729,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742,145744,145746,145748],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145731,7614],{"class":4491},[43,145733,137005],{"class":49},[43,145735,79],{"class":53},[43,145737,35106],{"class":148},[43,145739,7983],{"class":53},[43,145741,7024],{"class":97},[43,145743,276],{"class":264},[43,145745,136992],{"class":268},[43,145747,265],{"class":264},[43,145749,7009],{"class":53},[43,145751,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,145753,8687],{"class":141},[43,145755,145],{"class":53},[43,145757,265],{"class":264},[43,145759,144189],{"class":268},[43,145761,265],{"class":264},[43,145763,346],{"class":53},[14,145765,349],{},[34,145767,145768],{"className":36,"code":144198,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145769,145770],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145771,145772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145773,144198],{"class":49},[14,145775,145776,145777,21,145779,2799,145781,79],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145778,9277],{},[18,145780,137778],{},[18,145782,136992],{},[81,145784,3438],{"id":3437},[1499,145786,96276],{"id":96275},[14,145788,8735,145789,145792],{},[18,145790,145791],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145794,1970],{},[34,145796,145798],{"className":36,"code":145797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145799,145800,145812,145822],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145801,145802,145804,145806,145808,145810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145803,35316],{"class":49},[43,145805,98],{"class":97},[43,145807,276],{"class":264},[43,145809,4459],{"class":268},[43,145811,3969],{"class":264},[43,145813,145814,145816,145818,145820],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145815,35337],{"class":49},[43,145817,79],{"class":53},[43,145819,35106],{"class":148},[43,145821,9262],{"class":53},[43,145823,145824,145826,145828,145830],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145825,142],{"class":141},[43,145827,145],{"class":53},[43,145829,35337],{"class":148},[43,145831,346],{"class":53},[14,145833,349],{},[34,145835,145836],{"className":36,"code":139057,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145837,145838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145839,145840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145841,139057],{"class":49},[14,145843,17277],{},[34,145845,145847],{"className":36,"code":145846,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145848,145849,145861,145875],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145850,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145852,35316],{"class":49},[43,145854,98],{"class":97},[43,145856,276],{"class":264},[43,145858,4459],{"class":268},[43,145860,3969],{"class":264},[43,145862,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145864,35316],{"class":49},[43,145866,98],{"class":97},[43,145868,43467],{"class":49},[43,145870,79],{"class":53},[43,145872,35106],{"class":148},[43,145874,9262],{"class":53},[43,145876,145877,145879,145881,145883],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,145878,142],{"class":141},[43,145880,145],{"class":53},[43,145882,35337],{"class":148},[43,145884,346],{"class":53},[14,145886,349],{},[34,145888,145890],{"className":36,"code":145889,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HELLO\n",[18,145891,145892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145893,145894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145895,145889],{"class":35081},[1499,145897,19529,145899,137664],{"id":145898},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145900,128620],{},[14,145902,145903,145905],{},[18,145904,128620],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145907,494],{},[34,145909,145911],{"className":36,"code":145910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145912,145913,145921],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145914,145915,145917,145919],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145916,2823],{"class":49},[43,145918,98],{"class":97},[43,145920,125424],{"class":104},[43,145922,145923,145925,145927,145929,145931,145933],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145924,142],{"class":141},[43,145926,145],{"class":53},[43,145928,2846],{"class":148},[43,145930,79],{"class":53},[43,145932,35106],{"class":148},[43,145934,7811],{"class":53},[14,145936,40281,145937,145939,145940,34228],{},[18,145938,2795],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145941,128620],{},[14,145943,145944],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[34,145946,145948],{"className":36,"code":145947,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145949,145950,145958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145951,145952,145954,145956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145953,2823],{"class":49},[43,145955,98],{"class":97},[43,145957,125424],{"class":104},[43,145959,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970,145972,145974],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,145961,142],{"class":141},[43,145963,145],{"class":53},[43,145965,4054],{"class":3510},[43,145967,145],{"class":53},[43,145969,2846],{"class":148},[43,145971,9250],{"class":53},[43,145973,35106],{"class":148},[43,145975,7811],{"class":53},[14,145977,349],{},[34,145979,145981],{"className":36,"code":145980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"123\n",[18,145982,145983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145984,145985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145986,145980],{"class":104},[1499,145988,1860,145990,145992],{"id":145989},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145991,128620],{}," with title case",[14,145994,145995,145997,145998,146001],{},[18,145996,128620],{}," makes ",[76,145999,146000],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[34,146003,146005],{"className":36,"code":146004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,146006,146007,146019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146008,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146010,35316],{"class":49},[43,146012,98],{"class":97},[43,146014,276],{"class":264},[43,146016,61033],{"class":268},[43,146018,3969],{"class":264},[43,146020,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146022,142],{"class":141},[43,146024,145],{"class":53},[43,146026,35337],{"class":148},[43,146028,79],{"class":53},[43,146030,35106],{"class":148},[43,146032,7811],{"class":53},[14,146034,349],{},[34,146036,146038],{"className":36,"code":146037,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,146039,146040],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146041,146042,146044],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146043,136766],{"class":35081},[43,146045,146046],{"class":35081}," WORLD\n",[14,146048,146049,146050,146054,146055,146059],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[269,146051,146052],{"href":124469},[18,146053,124472],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[269,146056,146057],{"href":130323},[18,146058,124913],{}," changes parts of a string.",[81,146061,146063],{"id":146062},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,146065,146066,146067,59],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,146068,128620],{},[389,146070,146071,146078,146085,146092],{},[392,146072,146073,146077],{},[269,146074,146075],{"href":124469},[18,146076,124472],{}," for lowercase text",[392,146079,146080,146084],{},[269,146081,146082],{"href":137312},[18,146083,42279],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[392,146086,146087,146091],{},[269,146088,146089],{"href":130323},[18,146090,124913],{}," for changing parts of a string",[392,146093,146094,1233,146096,146098],{},[18,146095,128110],{},[18,146097,126800],{}," for checks",[14,146100,494],{},[34,146102,146104],{"className":36,"code":146103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,146105,146106,146118,146122,146137,146153,146157],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146107,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146109,35316],{"class":49},[43,146111,98],{"class":97},[43,146113,276],{"class":264},[43,146115,143840],{"class":268},[43,146117,3969],{"class":264},[43,146119,146120],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146121,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,146123,146124,146127,146129,146131,146133,146135],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,146125,146126],{"class":49},"cleaned ",[43,146128,98],{"class":97},[43,146130,43467],{"class":49},[43,146132,79],{"class":53},[43,146134,9253],{"class":148},[43,146136,9262],{"class":53},[43,146138,146139,146142,146144,146147,146149,146151],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,146140,146141],{"class":49},"loud ",[43,146143,98],{"class":97},[43,146145,146146],{"class":49}," cleaned",[43,146148,79],{"class":53},[43,146150,35106],{"class":148},[43,146152,9262],{"class":53},[43,146154,146155],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,146156,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,146158,146159,146161,146163,146166],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,146160,142],{"class":141},[43,146162,145],{"class":53},[43,146164,146165],{"class":148},"loud",[43,146167,346],{"class":53},[14,146169,349],{},[34,146171,146172],{"className":36,"code":146037,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146173,146174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146175,146176,146178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146177,136766],{"class":35081},[43,146179,146046],{"class":35081},[81,146181,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,146183,13328,146185,125069],{"id":146184},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,146186,128620],{},[14,146188,146189],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1499,146191,13328,146193,138046],{"id":146192},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,146194,128620],{},[14,146196,146197,146198,79],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,146199,145791],{},[1499,146201,146203],{"id":146202},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,146205,146206,146207,146209],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,146208,128620],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1499,146211,28953,146213,146215],{"id":146212},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,146214,128620],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,146217,146218],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,146220,494],{},[34,146222,146224],{"className":36,"code":146223,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,146225,146226,146238,146251,146255],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146227,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146229,3161],{"class":49},[43,146231,98],{"class":97},[43,146233,276],{"class":264},[43,146235,38],{"class":268},[43,146237,3969],{"class":264},[43,146239,146240,146242,146244,146246,146249],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146241,3189],{"class":49},[43,146243,98],{"class":97},[43,146245,276],{"class":264},[43,146247,146248],{"class":268},"PYTHON",[43,146250,3969],{"class":264},[43,146252,146253],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,146254,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,146256,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,146258,142],{"class":141},[43,146260,145],{"class":53},[43,146262,269],{"class":148},[43,146264,79],{"class":53},[43,146266,35106],{"class":148},[43,146268,7983],{"class":53},[43,146270,7024],{"class":97},[43,146272,3166],{"class":148},[43,146274,79],{"class":53},[43,146276,35106],{"class":148},[43,146278,7811],{"class":53},[14,146280,349],{},[34,146282,146283],{"className":36,"code":4594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146284,146285],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146286,146287],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146288,4594],{"class":4466},[81,146290,2497],{"id":2496},[389,146292,146293,146297,146303,146309,146315,146319,146323],{},[392,146294,146295],{},[269,146296,125497],{"href":51603},[392,146298,146299],{},[269,146300,126742,146301,11361],{"href":124469},[18,146302,124472],{},[392,146304,146305],{},[269,146306,126742,146307,11361],{"href":137312},[18,146308,42279],{},[392,146310,146311],{},[269,146312,126742,146313,11361],{"href":130323},[18,146314,124913],{},[392,146316,146317],{},[269,146318,91070],{"href":90079},[392,146320,146321],{},[269,146322,125141],{"href":123997},[392,146324,146325],{},[269,146326,138132],{"href":136713},[2536,146328,146329],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":146331},[146332,146333,146335,146336,146337,146339,146340,146342,146349,146350,146359],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":145255,"depth":131,"text":146334},"What upper() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":145465,"depth":131,"text":146338},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145601,"depth":131,"text":145602},{"id":145683,"depth":131,"text":146341},"When to use upper()",{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":146343},[146344,146345,146347],{"id":96275,"depth":138,"text":96276},{"id":145898,"depth":138,"text":146346},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145989,"depth":138,"text":146348},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146062,"depth":131,"text":146063},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":146351},[146352,146354,146356,146357],{"id":146184,"depth":138,"text":146353},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146192,"depth":138,"text":146355},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146202,"depth":138,"text":146203},{"id":146212,"depth":138,"text":146358},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145179,"description":146360},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146367,"title":146368,"body":146369,"description":148246,"extension":2572,"meta":148247,"navigation":134,"path":148248,"seo":148249,"stem":148250,"__hash__":148251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146370,"toc":148196},[146371,146377,146384,146390,146392,146448,146453,146458,146463,146466,146485,146488,146490,146514,146532,146543,146545,146548,146601,146603,146611,146613,146631,146636,146639,146696,146698,146707,146710,146730,146733,146739,146744,146746,146789,146791,146799,146802,146843,146845,146854,146860,146866,146893,146895,146903,146908,146912,146924,146967,146969,146977,146982,146988,146993,146997,146999,147042,147045,147092,147094,147103,147110,147114,147117,147163,147168,147172,147174,147217,147220,147228,147230,147235,147237,147239,147258,147261,147273,147275,147294,147296,147304,147308,147310,147361,147364,147439,147441,147449,147452,147456,147458,147505,147508,147579,147581,147589,147595,147597,147672,147676,147755,147757,147765,147771,147777,147782,147787,147836,147840,147911,147914,147919,147930,147933,147944,147954,147956,147961,147986,147991,148072,148074,148099,148101,148106,148109,148115,148124,148130,148133,148139,148145,148152,148155,148157,148193],[10,146372,4187,146374,4191],{"id":146373},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,146375,146376],{},"sum()",[14,146378,9741,146379,146381,146382,25387],{},[18,146380,146376],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,146383,60625],{},[14,146385,146386,146387,146389],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,146388,20],{}," value and a few important limits.",[81,146391,84],{"id":83},[34,146393,146395],{"className":36,"code":146394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,146396,146397,146421,146436],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146398,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146400,94],{"class":49},[43,146402,98],{"class":97},[43,146404,101],{"class":53},[43,146406,154],{"class":104},[43,146408,108],{"class":53},[43,146410,1525],{"class":104},[43,146412,108],{"class":53},[43,146414,1530],{"class":104},[43,146416,108],{"class":53},[43,146418,3064],{"class":104},[43,146420,68],{"class":53},[43,146422,146423,146425,146427,146430,146432,146434],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146424,41808],{"class":49},[43,146426,98],{"class":97},[43,146428,146429],{"class":141}," sum",[43,146431,145],{"class":53},[43,146433,149],{"class":148},[43,146435,346],{"class":53},[43,146437,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,146439,142],{"class":141},[43,146441,145],{"class":53},[43,146443,41837],{"class":148},[43,146445,4272],{"class":53},[43,146447,27419],{"class":165},[14,146449,230,146450,146452],{},[18,146451,146376],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[81,146454,4289,146456,4292],{"id":146455},"what-sum-does",[18,146457,146376],{},[14,146459,146460,146462],{},[18,146461,146376],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146464,146465],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[389,146467,146468,146471,146474,146479],{},[392,146469,146470],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[392,146472,146473],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[392,146475,146476,146477],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146478,36826],{},[392,146480,146481,146482,146484],{},"Counting ",[18,146483,4216],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146486,146487],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[81,146489,2763],{"id":2762},[34,146491,146493],{"className":36,"code":146492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146494,146495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146496,146497,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146498,146499],{"class":141},"sum",[43,146501,145],{"class":53},[43,146503,4333],{"class":148},[43,146505,108],{"class":53},[43,146507,36682],{"class":9794},[43,146509,98],{"class":97},[43,146511,1277],{"class":104},[43,146513,346],{"class":53},[389,146515,146516,146521,146526],{},[392,146517,146518,146520],{},[18,146519,4333],{}," is the group of values to add",[392,146522,146523,146525],{},[18,146524,20],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[392,146527,146528,146529],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146530,146531],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146533,146534,146535,146538,146539,79],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146536,146537,4333],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[269,146540,146541,25240],{"href":36823},[18,146542,36826],{},[81,146544,12097],{"id":12096},[14,146546,146547],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[34,146549,146551],{"className":36,"code":146550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146552,146553,146573,146587,146591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146554,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146556,94],{"class":49},[43,146558,98],{"class":97},[43,146560,101],{"class":53},[43,146562,831],{"class":104},[43,146564,108],{"class":53},[43,146566,977],{"class":104},[43,146568,108],{"class":53},[43,146570,38564],{"class":104},[43,146572,68],{"class":53},[43,146574,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146576,41808],{"class":49},[43,146578,98],{"class":97},[43,146580,146429],{"class":141},[43,146582,145],{"class":53},[43,146584,149],{"class":148},[43,146586,346],{"class":53},[43,146588,146589],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,146590,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,146592,146593,146595,146597,146599],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,146594,142],{"class":141},[43,146596,145],{"class":53},[43,146598,41837],{"class":148},[43,146600,346],{"class":53},[14,146602,349],{},[34,146604,146605],{"className":36,"code":1620,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146606,146607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146608,146609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146610,1620],{"class":104},[14,146612,12306],{},[389,146614,146615,146620,146626],{},[392,146616,146617,146619],{},[18,146618,149],{}," contains three integers",[392,146621,146622,146625],{},[18,146623,146624],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[392,146627,146628,146629],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146630,41837],{},[81,146632,37241,146634,9051],{"id":146633},"using-the-start-value",[18,146635,20],{},[14,146637,146638],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[34,146640,146642],{"className":36,"code":146641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146643,146644,146664,146682,146686],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146645,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146647,94],{"class":49},[43,146649,98],{"class":97},[43,146651,101],{"class":53},[43,146653,154],{"class":104},[43,146655,108],{"class":53},[43,146657,1525],{"class":104},[43,146659,108],{"class":53},[43,146661,1530],{"class":104},[43,146663,68],{"class":53},[43,146665,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146667,41808],{"class":49},[43,146669,98],{"class":97},[43,146671,146429],{"class":141},[43,146673,145],{"class":53},[43,146675,149],{"class":148},[43,146677,108],{"class":53},[43,146679,977],{"class":104},[43,146681,346],{"class":53},[43,146683,146684],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,146685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,146687,146688,146690,146692,146694],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,146689,142],{"class":141},[43,146691,145],{"class":53},[43,146693,41837],{"class":148},[43,146695,346],{"class":53},[14,146697,349],{},[34,146699,146701],{"className":36,"code":146700,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"16\n",[18,146702,146703],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146704,146705],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146706,146700],{"class":104},[14,146708,146709],{},"This works like:",[389,146711,146712,146717,146722,146726],{},[392,146713,146714,146715],{},"Start at ",[18,146716,105],{},[392,146718,146719,146720],{},"Add ",[18,146721,154],{},[392,146723,146719,146724],{},[18,146725,201],{},[392,146727,146719,146728],{},[18,146729,181],{},[14,146731,146732],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[81,146734,4289,146736,146738],{"id":146735},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146737,146376],{}," can work with",[14,146740,146741,146743],{},[18,146742,146376],{}," works with numeric values.",[1499,146745,41052],{"id":41051},[34,146747,146749],{"className":36,"code":146748,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146750,146751,146775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146752,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146754,4436],{"class":49},[43,146756,98],{"class":97},[43,146758,101],{"class":53},[43,146760,154],{"class":104},[43,146762,108],{"class":53},[43,146764,1525],{"class":104},[43,146766,108],{"class":53},[43,146768,1530],{"class":104},[43,146770,108],{"class":53},[43,146772,3064],{"class":104},[43,146774,68],{"class":53},[43,146776,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146778,142],{"class":141},[43,146780,145],{"class":53},[43,146782,146499],{"class":141},[43,146784,145],{"class":53},[43,146786,5974],{"class":148},[43,146788,2377],{"class":53},[14,146790,349],{},[34,146792,146793],{"className":36,"code":2983,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146794,146795],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146796,146797],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146798,2983],{"class":104},[1499,146800,146801],{"id":52673},"Floats",[34,146803,146805],{"className":36,"code":146804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146806,146807,146829],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146808,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146822,146824,146827],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146810,83435],{"class":49},[43,146812,98],{"class":97},[43,146814,101],{"class":53},[43,146816,41784],{"class":104},[43,146818,108],{"class":53},[43,146820,146821],{"class":104}," 3.75",[43,146823,108],{"class":53},[43,146825,146826],{"class":104}," 1.25",[43,146828,68],{"class":53},[43,146830,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146832,142],{"class":141},[43,146834,145],{"class":53},[43,146836,146499],{"class":141},[43,146838,145],{"class":53},[43,146840,83471],{"class":148},[43,146842,2377],{"class":53},[14,146844,349],{},[34,146846,146848],{"className":36,"code":146847,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.5\n",[18,146849,146850],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146851,146852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146853,146847],{"class":104},[14,146855,146856,146857,79],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[269,146858,146859],{"href":3026},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1499,146861,146863,146864],{"id":146862},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146865,36826],{},[34,146867,146869],{"className":36,"code":146868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146870,146871],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146872,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146874,142],{"class":141},[43,146876,145],{"class":53},[43,146878,146499],{"class":141},[43,146880,145],{"class":53},[43,146882,60625],{"class":141},[43,146884,145],{"class":53},[43,146886,154],{"class":104},[43,146888,108],{"class":53},[43,146890,38271],{"class":104},[43,146892,3521],{"class":53},[14,146894,349],{},[34,146896,146897],{"className":36,"code":47668,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146898,146899],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146900,146901],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146902,47668],{"class":104},[14,146904,113946,146905,79],{},[18,146906,146907],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1499,146909,146911],{"id":146910},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146913,146914,146915,146917,146918,1233,146920,146917,146922,79],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146916,4216],{}," acts like ",[18,146919,154],{},[18,146921,4285],{},[18,146923,1277],{},[34,146925,146927],{"className":36,"code":146926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146928,146929,146953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146932,52593],{"class":49},[43,146934,98],{"class":97},[43,146936,101],{"class":53},[43,146938,4216],{"class":4466},[43,146940,108],{"class":53},[43,146942,4521],{"class":4466},[43,146944,108],{"class":53},[43,146946,4530],{"class":4466},[43,146948,108],{"class":53},[43,146950,4530],{"class":4466},[43,146952,68],{"class":53},[43,146954,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,146956,142],{"class":141},[43,146958,145],{"class":53},[43,146960,146499],{"class":141},[43,146962,145],{"class":53},[43,146964,52646],{"class":148},[43,146966,2377],{"class":53},[14,146968,349],{},[34,146970,146971],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146972,146973],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146974,146975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146976,47244],{"class":104},[14,146978,146979,146980,79],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146981,4216],{},[81,146983,4289,146985,146987],{"id":146984},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146986,146376],{}," does not work with",[14,146989,146990,146992],{},[18,146991,146376],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1499,146994,146996],{"id":146995},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146998,1505],{},[34,147000,147002],{"className":36,"code":147001,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,147003,147004,147028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147007,4685],{"class":49},[43,147009,98],{"class":97},[43,147011,101],{"class":53},[43,147013,265],{"class":264},[43,147015,4459],{"class":268},[43,147017,265],{"class":264},[43,147019,108],{"class":53},[43,147021,276],{"class":264},[43,147023,61217],{"class":268},[43,147025,265],{"class":264},[43,147027,68],{"class":53},[43,147029,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147031,142],{"class":141},[43,147033,145],{"class":53},[43,147035,146499],{"class":141},[43,147037,145],{"class":53},[43,147039,4729],{"class":148},[43,147041,2377],{"class":53},[14,147043,147044],{},"Use string joining instead:",[34,147046,147048],{"className":36,"code":147047,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,147049,147050,147074],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147051,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147053,4685],{"class":49},[43,147055,98],{"class":97},[43,147057,101],{"class":53},[43,147059,265],{"class":264},[43,147061,4459],{"class":268},[43,147063,265],{"class":264},[43,147065,108],{"class":53},[43,147067,276],{"class":264},[43,147069,61217],{"class":268},[43,147071,265],{"class":264},[43,147073,68],{"class":53},[43,147075,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147077,142],{"class":141},[43,147079,145],{"class":53},[43,147081,6887],{"class":264},[43,147083,79],{"class":53},[43,147085,133901],{"class":148},[43,147087,145],{"class":53},[43,147089,4729],{"class":148},[43,147091,2377],{"class":53},[14,147093,349],{},[34,147095,147097],{"className":36,"code":147096,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"helloworld\n",[18,147098,147099],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147100,147101],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147102,147096],{"class":49},[14,147104,147105,147106,79],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[269,147107,147108,6399],{"href":42801},[18,147109,48311],{},[1499,147111,147113],{"id":147112},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,147115,147116],{},"This also causes an error:",[34,147118,147120],{"className":36,"code":147119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,147121,147122,147149],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147123,147124,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147125,147126],{"class":49},"lists ",[43,147128,98],{"class":97},[43,147130,56922],{"class":53},[43,147132,154],{"class":104},[43,147134,108],{"class":53},[43,147136,1525],{"class":104},[43,147138,18684],{"class":53},[43,147140,101],{"class":53},[43,147142,181],{"class":104},[43,147144,108],{"class":53},[43,147146,3064],{"class":104},[43,147148,53870],{"class":53},[43,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147152,142],{"class":141},[43,147154,145],{"class":53},[43,147156,146499],{"class":141},[43,147158,145],{"class":53},[43,147160,5915],{"class":148},[43,147162,2377],{"class":53},[14,147164,147165,147167],{},[18,147166,146376],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1499,147169,147171],{"id":147170},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,147173,996],{},[34,147175,147177],{"className":36,"code":147176,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147178,147179,147203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147180,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147182,4436],{"class":49},[43,147184,98],{"class":97},[43,147186,101],{"class":53},[43,147188,154],{"class":104},[43,147190,108],{"class":53},[43,147192,1525],{"class":104},[43,147194,108],{"class":53},[43,147196,276],{"class":264},[43,147198,181],{"class":268},[43,147200,265],{"class":264},[43,147202,68],{"class":53},[43,147204,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147206,142],{"class":141},[43,147208,145],{"class":53},[43,147210,146499],{"class":141},[43,147212,145],{"class":53},[43,147214,5974],{"class":148},[43,147216,2377],{"class":53},[14,147218,147219],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,147221,147222,147223,147225,147226,79],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,147224,66569],{},", convert them first. See ",[269,147227,3572],{"href":3571},[81,147229,42130],{"id":42129},[14,147231,147232,147233,79],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,147234,146376],{},[1499,147236,7140],{"id":7139},[14,147238,5141],{},[34,147240,147242],{"className":36,"code":147241,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,147243,147244],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147245,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147247,142],{"class":141},[43,147249,145],{"class":53},[43,147251,146499],{"class":141},[43,147253,145],{"class":53},[43,147255,831],{"class":104},[43,147257,2377],{"class":53},[14,147259,147260],{},"Why it fails:",[389,147262,147263,147268],{},[392,147264,147265,147267],{},[18,147266,831],{}," is a single integer",[392,147269,147270,147272],{},[18,147271,146376],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,147274,7170],{},[34,147276,147278],{"className":36,"code":147277,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,147279,147280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147281,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147283,142],{"class":141},[43,147285,145],{"class":53},[43,147287,146499],{"class":141},[43,147289,3595],{"class":53},[43,147291,831],{"class":104},[43,147293,3608],{"class":53},[14,147295,349],{},[34,147297,147298],{"className":36,"code":3556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147299,147300],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147301,147302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147303,3556],{"class":104},[1499,147305,147307],{"id":147306},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,147309,5141],{},[34,147311,147313],{"className":36,"code":147312,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147314,147315,147347],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147316,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147318,4436],{"class":49},[43,147320,98],{"class":97},[43,147322,101],{"class":53},[43,147324,265],{"class":264},[43,147326,154],{"class":268},[43,147328,265],{"class":264},[43,147330,108],{"class":53},[43,147332,276],{"class":264},[43,147334,201],{"class":268},[43,147336,265],{"class":264},[43,147338,108],{"class":53},[43,147340,276],{"class":264},[43,147342,181],{"class":268},[43,147344,265],{"class":264},[43,147346,68],{"class":53},[43,147348,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147350,142],{"class":141},[43,147352,145],{"class":53},[43,147354,146499],{"class":141},[43,147356,145],{"class":53},[43,147358,5974],{"class":148},[43,147360,2377],{"class":53},[14,147362,147363],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[34,147365,147367],{"className":36,"code":147366,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147368,147369,147401,147429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147370,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147372,4436],{"class":49},[43,147374,98],{"class":97},[43,147376,101],{"class":53},[43,147378,265],{"class":264},[43,147380,154],{"class":268},[43,147382,265],{"class":264},[43,147384,108],{"class":53},[43,147386,276],{"class":264},[43,147388,201],{"class":268},[43,147390,265],{"class":264},[43,147392,108],{"class":53},[43,147394,276],{"class":264},[43,147396,181],{"class":268},[43,147398,265],{"class":264},[43,147400,68],{"class":53},[43,147402,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147404,41808],{"class":49},[43,147406,98],{"class":97},[43,147408,146429],{"class":141},[43,147410,145],{"class":53},[43,147412,2795],{"class":3510},[43,147414,145],{"class":53},[43,147416,2780],{"class":148},[43,147418,4272],{"class":53},[43,147420,4492],{"class":4491},[43,147422,4495],{"class":148},[43,147424,4498],{"class":4491},[43,147426,4501],{"class":148},[43,147428,346],{"class":53},[43,147430,147431,147433,147435,147437],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,147432,142],{"class":141},[43,147434,145],{"class":53},[43,147436,41837],{"class":148},[43,147438,346],{"class":53},[14,147440,349],{},[34,147442,147443],{"className":36,"code":3262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147444,147445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147446,147447],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147448,3262],{"class":104},[14,147450,147451],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1499,147453,147455],{"id":147454},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147457,5141],{},[34,147459,147461],{"className":36,"code":147460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147462,147463,147491],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147464,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147466,4436],{"class":49},[43,147468,98],{"class":97},[43,147470,101],{"class":53},[43,147472,154],{"class":104},[43,147474,108],{"class":53},[43,147476,1525],{"class":104},[43,147478,108],{"class":53},[43,147480,276],{"class":264},[43,147482,181],{"class":268},[43,147484,265],{"class":264},[43,147486,108],{"class":53},[43,147488,3064],{"class":104},[43,147490,68],{"class":53},[43,147492,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147494,142],{"class":141},[43,147496,145],{"class":53},[43,147498,146499],{"class":141},[43,147500,145],{"class":53},[43,147502,5974],{"class":148},[43,147504,2377],{"class":53},[14,147506,147507],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[34,147509,147511],{"className":36,"code":147510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147512,147513,147541,147569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147514,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147516,4436],{"class":49},[43,147518,98],{"class":97},[43,147520,101],{"class":53},[43,147522,154],{"class":104},[43,147524,108],{"class":53},[43,147526,1525],{"class":104},[43,147528,108],{"class":53},[43,147530,276],{"class":264},[43,147532,181],{"class":268},[43,147534,265],{"class":264},[43,147536,108],{"class":53},[43,147538,3064],{"class":104},[43,147540,68],{"class":53},[43,147542,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147544,41808],{"class":49},[43,147546,98],{"class":97},[43,147548,146429],{"class":141},[43,147550,145],{"class":53},[43,147552,2795],{"class":3510},[43,147554,145],{"class":53},[43,147556,2780],{"class":148},[43,147558,4272],{"class":53},[43,147560,4492],{"class":4491},[43,147562,4495],{"class":148},[43,147564,4498],{"class":4491},[43,147566,4501],{"class":148},[43,147568,346],{"class":53},[43,147570,147571,147573,147575,147577],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,147572,142],{"class":141},[43,147574,145],{"class":53},[43,147576,41837],{"class":148},[43,147578,346],{"class":53},[14,147580,349],{},[34,147582,147583],{"className":36,"code":2983,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147584,147585],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147586,147587],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147588,2983],{"class":104},[1499,147590,2445,147592,147594],{"id":147591},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147593,146376],{}," to join text",[14,147596,5141],{},[34,147598,147600],{"className":36,"code":147599,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147601,147602,147658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147603,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147605,257],{"class":49},[43,147607,98],{"class":97},[43,147609,101],{"class":53},[43,147611,265],{"class":264},[43,147613,134500],{"class":268},[43,147615,265],{"class":264},[43,147617,108],{"class":53},[43,147619,276],{"class":264},[43,147621,12368],{"class":268},[43,147623,265],{"class":264},[43,147625,108],{"class":53},[43,147627,276],{"class":264},[43,147629,63912],{"class":268},[43,147631,265],{"class":264},[43,147633,108],{"class":53},[43,147635,276],{"class":264},[43,147637,61065],{"class":268},[43,147639,265],{"class":264},[43,147641,108],{"class":53},[43,147643,276],{"class":264},[43,147645,61099],{"class":268},[43,147647,265],{"class":264},[43,147649,108],{"class":53},[43,147651,276],{"class":264},[43,147653,703],{"class":268},[43,147655,265],{"class":264},[43,147657,68],{"class":53},[43,147659,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147661,142],{"class":141},[43,147663,145],{"class":53},[43,147665,146499],{"class":141},[43,147667,145],{"class":53},[43,147669,1079],{"class":148},[43,147671,2377],{"class":53},[14,147673,230,147674,61158],{},[18,147675,133824],{},[34,147677,147679],{"className":36,"code":147678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147680,147681,147737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147682,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147684,257],{"class":49},[43,147686,98],{"class":97},[43,147688,101],{"class":53},[43,147690,265],{"class":264},[43,147692,134500],{"class":268},[43,147694,265],{"class":264},[43,147696,108],{"class":53},[43,147698,276],{"class":264},[43,147700,12368],{"class":268},[43,147702,265],{"class":264},[43,147704,108],{"class":53},[43,147706,276],{"class":264},[43,147708,63912],{"class":268},[43,147710,265],{"class":264},[43,147712,108],{"class":53},[43,147714,276],{"class":264},[43,147716,61065],{"class":268},[43,147718,265],{"class":264},[43,147720,108],{"class":53},[43,147722,276],{"class":264},[43,147724,61099],{"class":268},[43,147726,265],{"class":264},[43,147728,108],{"class":53},[43,147730,276],{"class":264},[43,147732,703],{"class":268},[43,147734,265],{"class":264},[43,147736,68],{"class":53},[43,147738,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147740,142],{"class":141},[43,147742,145],{"class":53},[43,147744,6887],{"class":264},[43,147746,79],{"class":53},[43,147748,133901],{"class":148},[43,147750,145],{"class":53},[43,147752,1079],{"class":148},[43,147754,2377],{"class":53},[14,147756,349],{},[34,147758,147759],{"className":36,"code":134581,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147760,147761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147762,147763],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147764,134581],{"class":49},[14,147766,147767,147768,79],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[269,147769,147770],{"href":135662},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[81,147772,147774,147776],{"id":147773},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147775,146376],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147778,147779,147781],{},[18,147780,146376],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1499,147783,2445,147785],{"id":147784},"using-sum",[18,147786,146376],{},[34,147788,147790],{"className":36,"code":147789,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147791,147792,147812,147826],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147793,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147795,94],{"class":49},[43,147797,98],{"class":97},[43,147799,101],{"class":53},[43,147801,159],{"class":104},[43,147803,108],{"class":53},[43,147805,6609],{"class":104},[43,147807,108],{"class":53},[43,147809,54764],{"class":104},[43,147811,68],{"class":53},[43,147813,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147815,41808],{"class":49},[43,147817,98],{"class":97},[43,147819,146429],{"class":141},[43,147821,145],{"class":53},[43,147823,149],{"class":148},[43,147825,346],{"class":53},[43,147827,147828,147830,147832,147834],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,147829,142],{"class":141},[43,147831,145],{"class":53},[43,147833,41837],{"class":148},[43,147835,346],{"class":53},[1499,147837,147839],{"id":147838},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[34,147841,147843],{"className":36,"code":147842,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147844,147845,147865,147873,147877,147889,147897,147901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147846,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147848,94],{"class":49},[43,147850,98],{"class":97},[43,147852,101],{"class":53},[43,147854,159],{"class":104},[43,147856,108],{"class":53},[43,147858,6609],{"class":104},[43,147860,108],{"class":53},[43,147862,54764],{"class":104},[43,147864,68],{"class":53},[43,147866,147867,147869,147871],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,147868,41808],{"class":49},[43,147870,98],{"class":97},[43,147872,39140],{"class":104},[43,147874,147875],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,147876,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,147878,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,147880,6574],{"class":4491},[43,147882,7002],{"class":49},[43,147884,4498],{"class":4491},[43,147886,2071],{"class":49},[43,147888,7009],{"class":53},[43,147890,147891,147893,147895],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,147892,90494],{"class":49},[43,147894,90497],{"class":97},[43,147896,90500],{"class":49},[43,147898,147899],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,147900,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,147902,147903,147905,147907,147909],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,147904,142],{"class":141},[43,147906,145],{"class":53},[43,147908,41837],{"class":148},[43,147910,346],{"class":53},[14,147912,147913],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147915,3096,147916,147918],{},[18,147917,146376],{}," is often better:",[389,147920,147921,147924,147927],{},[392,147922,147923],{},"Shorter code",[392,147925,147926],{},"Easier to read",[392,147928,147929],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147931,147932],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[389,147934,147935,147938,147941],{},[392,147936,147937],{},"You need to skip some values",[392,147939,147940],{},"You need extra checks",[392,147942,147943],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147945,147946,147947,147950,147951,147953],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[269,147948,147949],{"href":40635},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147952,146376],{}," on the filtered result.",[81,147955,3438],{"id":3437},[14,147957,147958,147959,59],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147960,146376],{},[389,147962,147963,147969,147976,147983],{},[392,147964,147965,147966],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147967,147968],{},"sum(5)",[392,147970,147971,147972,147975],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147973,147974],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[392,147977,2445,147978,147980,147981],{},[18,147979,146376],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147982,133824],{},[392,147984,147985],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147987,1261,147988,147990],{},[18,147989,146376],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[34,147992,147994],{"className":36,"code":147993,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147995,147996,148006,148020,148044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147997,147998,148000,148002,148004],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147999,142],{"class":141},[43,148001,145],{"class":53},[43,148003,5974],{"class":148},[43,148005,346],{"class":53},[43,148007,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148009,142],{"class":141},[43,148011,145],{"class":53},[43,148013,3832],{"class":3510},[43,148015,145],{"class":53},[43,148017,5974],{"class":148},[43,148019,2377],{"class":53},[43,148021,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148023,142],{"class":141},[43,148025,3595],{"class":53},[43,148027,3832],{"class":3510},[43,148029,145],{"class":53},[43,148031,2780],{"class":148},[43,148033,4272],{"class":53},[43,148035,4492],{"class":4491},[43,148037,4495],{"class":148},[43,148039,4498],{"class":4491},[43,148041,4501],{"class":148},[43,148043,1547],{"class":53},[43,148045,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,148047,142],{"class":141},[43,148049,145],{"class":53},[43,148051,146499],{"class":141},[43,148053,3595],{"class":53},[43,148055,2795],{"class":3510},[43,148057,145],{"class":53},[43,148059,2780],{"class":148},[43,148061,4272],{"class":53},[43,148063,4492],{"class":4491},[43,148065,4495],{"class":148},[43,148067,4498],{"class":4491},[43,148069,4501],{"class":148},[43,148071,3608],{"class":53},[14,148073,136395],{},[389,148075,148076,148082,148088,148093],{},[392,148077,148078,148081],{},[18,148079,148080],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[392,148083,148084,148087],{},[18,148085,148086],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[392,148089,148090,136417],{},[18,148091,148092],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[392,148094,148095,148098],{},[18,148096,148097],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[81,148100,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,148102,2476,148104,5759],{"id":148103},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,148105,146376],{},[14,148107,148108],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1499,148110,5784,148112,148114],{"id":148111},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,148113,146376],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,148116,30896,148117,3486,148120,148123],{},[18,148118,148119],{},"''.join(...)",[18,148121,148122],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1499,148125,5784,148127,148129],{"id":148126},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,148128,146376],{}," work with floats?",[14,148131,148132],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1499,148134,148136,148137,2490],{"id":148135},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,148138,146376],{},[14,148140,148141,148142,148144],{},"It is the optional ",[18,148143,20],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1499,148146,5772,148148,119780,148150,2490],{"id":148147},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,148149,146376],{},[18,148151,3614],{},[14,148153,148154],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[81,148156,2497],{"id":2496},[389,148158,148159,148163,148169,148175,148181,148185,148189],{},[392,148160,148161],{},[269,148162,146859],{"href":3026},[392,148164,148165],{},[269,148166,4187,148167,4120],{"href":36823},[18,148168,36826],{},[392,148170,148171],{},[269,148172,4187,148173,4120],{"href":42984},[18,148174,2448],{},[392,148176,148177],{},[269,148178,4187,148179,4120],{"href":42801},[18,148180,48311],{},[392,148182,148183],{},[269,148184,5836],{"href":40635},[392,148186,148187],{},[269,148188,4137],{"href":3571},[392,148190,148191],{},[269,148192,147770],{"href":135662},[2536,148194,148195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":148197},[148198,148199,148201,148202,148203,148205,148213,148219,148226,148232,148233,148245],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":146455,"depth":131,"text":148200},"What sum() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":146633,"depth":131,"text":148204},"Using the start value",{"id":146735,"depth":131,"text":148206,"children":148207},"What sum() can work with",[148208,148209,148210,148212],{"id":41051,"depth":138,"text":41052},{"id":52673,"depth":138,"text":146801},{"id":146862,"depth":138,"text":148211},"Values from range()",{"id":146910,"depth":138,"text":146911},{"id":146984,"depth":131,"text":148214,"children":148215},"What sum() does not work with",[148216,148217,148218],{"id":146995,"depth":138,"text":146996},{"id":147112,"depth":138,"text":147113},{"id":147170,"depth":138,"text":147171},{"id":42129,"depth":131,"text":42130,"children":148220},[148221,148222,148223,148224],{"id":7139,"depth":138,"text":7140},{"id":147306,"depth":138,"text":147307},{"id":147454,"depth":138,"text":147455},{"id":147591,"depth":138,"text":148225},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147773,"depth":131,"text":148227,"children":148228},"sum() vs manual loop",[148229,148231],{"id":147784,"depth":138,"text":148230},"Using sum()",{"id":147838,"depth":138,"text":147839},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":148234},[148235,148237,148239,148241,148243],{"id":148103,"depth":138,"text":148236},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148111,"depth":138,"text":148238},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148126,"depth":138,"text":148240},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148135,"depth":138,"text":148242},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148147,"depth":138,"text":148244},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146368,"description":148246},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148253,"title":148254,"body":148255,"description":149657,"extension":2572,"meta":149658,"navigation":134,"path":149659,"seo":149660,"stem":149661,"__hash__":149662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148256,"toc":149625},[148257,148263,148269,148272,148335,148341,148346,148350,148367,148381,148385,148405,148419,148421,148514,148516,148530,148532,148535,148624,148626,148634,148643,148645,148649,148670,148672,148764,148766,148787,148789,148793,148807,148809,148883,148885,148904,148908,148911,148934,148936,149047,149054,149062,149064,149070,149073,149116,149119,149142,149150,149154,149229,149235,149260,149267,149270,149273,149277,149282,149370,149378,149382,149385,149410,149414,149475,149479,149528,149538,149540,149545,149548,149554,149557,149561,149565,149571,149574,149582,149590,149592,149622],[10,148258,148260,148261,11943],{"id":148259},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,148262,57916],{},[14,148264,148265,148268],{},[18,148266,148267],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,148270,148271],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[34,148273,148275],{"className":36,"code":148274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,148276,148277,148305,148323],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148278,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148280,94],{"class":49},[43,148282,98],{"class":97},[43,148284,9855],{"class":53},[43,148286,154],{"class":104},[43,148288,108],{"class":53},[43,148290,1525],{"class":104},[43,148292,108],{"class":53},[43,148294,1525],{"class":104},[43,148296,108],{"class":53},[43,148298,1530],{"class":104},[43,148300,108],{"class":53},[43,148302,1525],{"class":104},[43,148304,346],{"class":53},[43,148306,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148308,2836],{"class":49},[43,148310,98],{"class":97},[43,148312,2071],{"class":49},[43,148314,79],{"class":53},[43,148316,41885],{"class":148},[43,148318,145],{"class":53},[43,148320,201],{"class":104},[43,148322,346],{"class":53},[43,148324,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148326,142],{"class":141},[43,148328,145],{"class":53},[43,148330,2871],{"class":148},[43,148332,4272],{"class":53},[43,148334,51399],{"class":165},[14,148336,230,148337,148340],{},[18,148338,148339],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[81,148342,4289,148344,4292],{"id":148343},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,148345,148267],{},[14,148347,148348,59],{},[18,148349,148339],{},[389,148351,148352,148358,148361,148364],{},[392,148353,148354,148355,148357],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,148356,3080],{}," appears in the tuple",[392,148359,148360],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[392,148362,148363],{},"Returns an integer",[392,148365,148366],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148368,148369,148370,148372,148373,3486,148377,79],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,148371,57916],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[269,148374,148376],{"href":148375},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[269,148378,148380],{"href":148379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[81,148382,148384],{"id":148383},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[34,148386,148388],{"className":36,"code":148387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,148389,148390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148391,148392,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148393,148394],{"class":49},"my_tuple",[43,148396,79],{"class":53},[43,148398,41885],{"class":148},[43,148400,145],{"class":53},[43,148402,3080],{"class":148},[43,148404,346],{"class":53},[389,148406,148407,148411,148414],{},[392,148408,148409,58081],{},[18,148410,3080],{},[392,148412,148413],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[392,148415,148416,148417],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,148418,1277],{},[1499,148420,103495],{"id":103494},[34,148422,148424],{"className":36,"code":148423,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,148425,148426,148466,148490],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148427,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148429,13700],{"class":49},[43,148431,98],{"class":97},[43,148433,9855],{"class":53},[43,148435,265],{"class":264},[43,148437,13717],{"class":268},[43,148439,265],{"class":264},[43,148441,108],{"class":53},[43,148443,276],{"class":264},[43,148445,13734],{"class":268},[43,148447,265],{"class":264},[43,148449,108],{"class":53},[43,148451,276],{"class":264},[43,148453,13717],{"class":268},[43,148455,265],{"class":264},[43,148457,108],{"class":53},[43,148459,276],{"class":264},[43,148461,18077],{"class":268},[43,148463,265],{"class":264},[43,148465,346],{"class":53},[43,148467,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148469,142],{"class":141},[43,148471,145],{"class":53},[43,148473,18124],{"class":148},[43,148475,79],{"class":53},[43,148477,41885],{"class":148},[43,148479,145],{"class":53},[43,148481,265],{"class":264},[43,148483,13717],{"class":268},[43,148485,265],{"class":264},[43,148487,5977],{"class":53},[43,148489,58271],{"class":165},[43,148491,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148493,142],{"class":141},[43,148495,145],{"class":53},[43,148497,18124],{"class":148},[43,148499,79],{"class":53},[43,148501,41885],{"class":148},[43,148503,145],{"class":53},[43,148505,265],{"class":264},[43,148507,23146],{"class":268},[43,148509,265],{"class":264},[43,148511,5977],{"class":53},[43,148513,51874],{"class":165},[14,148515,20579],{},[389,148517,148518,148523],{},[392,148519,148520,148522],{},[18,148521,66016],{}," appears 2 times",[392,148524,148525,148527,148528],{},[18,148526,110191],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148529,1277],{},[81,148531,12097],{"id":12096},[14,148533,148534],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[34,148536,148538],{"className":36,"code":148537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148539,148540,148588,148592,148614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148541,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148543,36867],{"class":49},[43,148545,98],{"class":97},[43,148547,9855],{"class":53},[43,148549,265],{"class":264},[43,148551,4694],{"class":268},[43,148553,265],{"class":264},[43,148555,108],{"class":53},[43,148557,276],{"class":264},[43,148559,4703],{"class":268},[43,148561,265],{"class":264},[43,148563,108],{"class":53},[43,148565,276],{"class":264},[43,148567,4694],{"class":268},[43,148569,265],{"class":264},[43,148571,108],{"class":53},[43,148573,276],{"class":264},[43,148575,33848],{"class":268},[43,148577,265],{"class":264},[43,148579,108],{"class":53},[43,148581,276],{"class":264},[43,148583,4694],{"class":268},[43,148585,265],{"class":264},[43,148587,346],{"class":53},[43,148589,148590],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148591,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,148593,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148595,2836],{"class":49},[43,148597,98],{"class":97},[43,148599,53479],{"class":49},[43,148601,79],{"class":53},[43,148603,41885],{"class":148},[43,148605,145],{"class":53},[43,148607,265],{"class":264},[43,148609,4694],{"class":268},[43,148611,265],{"class":264},[43,148613,346],{"class":53},[43,148615,148616,148618,148620,148622],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,148617,142],{"class":141},[43,148619,145],{"class":53},[43,148621,2871],{"class":148},[43,148623,346],{"class":53},[14,148625,349],{},[34,148627,148628],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,148629,148630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148631,148632],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148633,47244],{"class":104},[14,148635,148636,148638,148639,3004,148641,79],{},[18,148637,58459],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148640,57916],{},[18,148642,181],{},[81,148644,38648],{"id":38647},[14,148646,58170,148647,129130],{},[18,148648,57916],{},[389,148650,148651,148656,148661,148664],{},[392,148652,12045,148653,148655],{},[18,148654,1277],{}," when the value does not exist",[392,148657,12045,148658,148660],{},[18,148659,154],{}," when the value appears once",[392,148662,148663],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[392,148665,148666,148667,148669],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148668,7614],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148671,494],{},[34,148673,148675],{"className":36,"code":148674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148676,148677,148718,148722,148749],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148678,148679,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148680,148681],{"class":49},"answers ",[43,148683,98],{"class":97},[43,148685,9855],{"class":53},[43,148687,265],{"class":264},[43,148689,9277],{"class":268},[43,148691,265],{"class":264},[43,148693,108],{"class":53},[43,148695,276],{"class":264},[43,148697,9216],{"class":268},[43,148699,265],{"class":264},[43,148701,108],{"class":53},[43,148703,276],{"class":264},[43,148705,9277],{"class":268},[43,148707,265],{"class":264},[43,148709,108],{"class":53},[43,148711,276],{"class":264},[43,148713,9277],{"class":268},[43,148715,265],{"class":264},[43,148717,346],{"class":53},[43,148719,148720],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148721,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,148723,148724,148726,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148725,7614],{"class":4491},[43,148727,148728],{"class":49}," answers",[43,148730,79],{"class":53},[43,148732,41885],{"class":148},[43,148734,145],{"class":53},[43,148736,265],{"class":264},[43,148738,9277],{"class":268},[43,148740,265],{"class":264},[43,148742,4272],{"class":53},[43,148744,39023],{"class":97},[43,148746,6113],{"class":104},[43,148748,7009],{"class":53},[43,148750,148751,148753,148755,148757,148760,148762],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,148752,8687],{"class":141},[43,148754,145],{"class":53},[43,148756,265],{"class":264},[43,148758,148759],{"class":268},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[43,148761,265],{"class":264},[43,148763,346],{"class":53},[14,148765,349],{},[34,148767,148769],{"className":36,"code":148768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148770,148771],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148772,148773,148776,148778,148780,148782,148785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148774,148775],{"class":49},"The answer ",[43,148777,361],{"class":264},[43,148779,9277],{"class":268},[43,148781,361],{"class":264},[43,148783,148784],{"class":49}," appears more than once",[43,148786,122774],{"class":53},[81,148788,41671],{"id":41670},[14,148790,36035,148791,104958],{},[18,148792,148267],{},[389,148794,148795,148798,148801,148804],{},[392,148796,148797],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[392,148799,148800],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[392,148802,148803],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[392,148805,148806],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148808,494],{},[34,148810,148812],{"className":36,"code":148811,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148813,148814,148842,148846,148868],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148815,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148817,5679],{"class":49},[43,148819,98],{"class":97},[43,148821,9855],{"class":53},[43,148823,105],{"class":104},[43,148825,108],{"class":53},[43,148827,111],{"class":104},[43,148829,108],{"class":53},[43,148831,977],{"class":104},[43,148833,108],{"class":53},[43,148835,116],{"class":104},[43,148837,108],{"class":53},[43,148839,977],{"class":104},[43,148841,346],{"class":53},[43,148843,148844],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148845,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,148847,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148849,7614],{"class":4491},[43,148851,5725],{"class":49},[43,148853,79],{"class":53},[43,148855,41885],{"class":148},[43,148857,145],{"class":53},[43,148859,105],{"class":104},[43,148861,4272],{"class":53},[43,148863,51915],{"class":97},[43,148865,1525],{"class":104},[43,148867,7009],{"class":53},[43,148869,148870,148872,148874,148876,148879,148881],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,148871,8687],{"class":141},[43,148873,145],{"class":53},[43,148875,265],{"class":264},[43,148877,148878],{"class":268},"The score 10 is repeated.",[43,148880,265],{"class":264},[43,148882,346],{"class":53},[14,148884,349],{},[34,148886,148888],{"className":36,"code":148887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148889,148890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148891,148892,148895,148897,148899,148902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148893,148894],{"class":49},"The score ",[43,148896,105],{"class":104},[43,148898,8715],{"class":97},[43,148900,148901],{"class":49}," repeated",[43,148903,122774],{"class":53},[81,148905,148907],{"id":148906},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148909,148910],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[389,148912,148913,148919,148924,148927],{},[392,148914,148915,148916,148918],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148917,57916],{}," still works because it only reads data",[392,148920,148921,148923],{},[18,148922,57916],{}," counts exact matches",[392,148925,148926],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[392,148928,148929,1233,148931,148933],{},[18,148930,154],{},[18,148932,42784],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148935,494],{},[34,148937,148939],{"className":36,"code":148938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148940,148941,148975,148979,148999,149023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148942,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148956,148958,148960,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148944,4436],{"class":49},[43,148946,98],{"class":97},[43,148948,9855],{"class":53},[43,148950,154],{"class":104},[43,148952,108],{"class":53},[43,148954,148955],{"class":104}," 1.0",[43,148957,108],{"class":53},[43,148959,276],{"class":264},[43,148961,148962],{"class":268},"Cat",[43,148964,265],{"class":264},[43,148966,108],{"class":53},[43,148968,276],{"class":264},[43,148970,37675],{"class":268},[43,148972,265],{"class":264},[43,148974,346],{"class":53},[43,148976,148977],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,148978,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,148980,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,148982,142],{"class":141},[43,148984,145],{"class":53},[43,148986,5974],{"class":148},[43,148988,79],{"class":53},[43,148990,41885],{"class":148},[43,148992,145],{"class":53},[43,148994,154],{"class":104},[43,148996,5977],{"class":53},[43,148998,51721],{"class":165},[43,149000,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149021],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,149002,142],{"class":141},[43,149004,145],{"class":53},[43,149006,5974],{"class":148},[43,149008,79],{"class":53},[43,149010,41885],{"class":148},[43,149012,145],{"class":53},[43,149014,265],{"class":264},[43,149016,148962],{"class":268},[43,149018,265],{"class":264},[43,149020,5977],{"class":53},[43,149022,28404],{"class":165},[43,149024,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,149026,142],{"class":141},[43,149028,145],{"class":53},[43,149030,5974],{"class":148},[43,149032,79],{"class":53},[43,149034,41885],{"class":148},[43,149036,145],{"class":53},[43,149038,265],{"class":264},[43,149040,37675],{"class":268},[43,149042,265],{"class":264},[43,149044,5977],{"class":53},[43,149046,28404],{"class":165},[14,149048,5772,149049,5775,149052,2490],{},[18,149050,149051],{},"values.count(1)",[18,149053,201],{},[14,149055,9404,149056,5398,149059,149061],{},[18,149057,149058],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,149060,4216],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[81,149063,3438],{"id":3437},[1499,149065,2445,149067,149069],{"id":149066},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,149068,41885],{}," without parentheses",[14,149071,149072],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[34,149074,149076],{"className":36,"code":149075,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,149077,149078,149102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149079,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149081,94],{"class":49},[43,149083,98],{"class":97},[43,149085,9855],{"class":53},[43,149087,154],{"class":104},[43,149089,108],{"class":53},[43,149091,1525],{"class":104},[43,149093,108],{"class":53},[43,149095,1525],{"class":104},[43,149097,108],{"class":53},[43,149099,1530],{"class":104},[43,149101,346],{"class":53},[43,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149105,142],{"class":141},[43,149107,145],{"class":53},[43,149109,149],{"class":148},[43,149111,79],{"class":53},[43,149113,41885],{"class":25373},[43,149115,346],{"class":53},[14,149117,149118],{},"To call the method correctly:",[34,149120,149122],{"className":36,"code":149121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,149123,149124],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149125,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149127,142],{"class":141},[43,149129,145],{"class":53},[43,149131,149],{"class":148},[43,149133,79],{"class":53},[43,149135,41885],{"class":148},[43,149137,145],{"class":53},[43,149139,201],{"class":104},[43,149141,2377],{"class":53},[1499,149143,9071,149144,9074,149146,3486,149148],{"id":59219},[18,149145,57916],{},[18,149147,4216],{},[18,149149,4285],{},[14,149151,149152,59230],{},[18,149153,57916],{},[34,149155,149157],{"className":36,"code":149156,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,149158,149159,149191,149213,149217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149160,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149162,257],{"class":49},[43,149164,98],{"class":97},[43,149166,9855],{"class":53},[43,149168,265],{"class":264},[43,149170,269],{"class":268},[43,149172,265],{"class":264},[43,149174,108],{"class":53},[43,149176,276],{"class":264},[43,149178,279],{"class":268},[43,149180,265],{"class":264},[43,149182,108],{"class":53},[43,149184,276],{"class":264},[43,149186,269],{"class":268},[43,149188,265],{"class":264},[43,149190,346],{"class":53},[43,149192,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149194,2836],{"class":49},[43,149196,98],{"class":97},[43,149198,324],{"class":49},[43,149200,79],{"class":53},[43,149202,41885],{"class":148},[43,149204,145],{"class":53},[43,149206,265],{"class":264},[43,149208,269],{"class":268},[43,149210,265],{"class":264},[43,149212,346],{"class":53},[43,149214,149215],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,149216,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,149218,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,149220,142],{"class":141},[43,149222,145],{"class":53},[43,149224,2871],{"class":148},[43,149226,4272],{"class":53},[43,149228,52042],{"class":165},[14,149230,149231,149232,149234],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,149233,4498],{}," is often simpler:",[34,149236,149238],{"className":36,"code":149237,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,149239,149240],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149241,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149243,142],{"class":141},[43,149245,145],{"class":53},[43,149247,265],{"class":264},[43,149249,269],{"class":268},[43,149251,265],{"class":264},[43,149253,21795],{"class":4491},[43,149255,324],{"class":148},[43,149257,4272],{"class":53},[43,149259,4275],{"class":165},[1499,149261,1860,149263,1863,149265],{"id":149262},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,149264,148267],{},[18,149266,57921],{},[14,149268,149269],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,149271,149272],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1499,149274,149276],{"id":149275},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,149278,149279,149281],{},[18,149280,57916],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[34,149283,149285],{"className":36,"code":149284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,149286,149287,149320,149346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149288,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316,149318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149290,4685],{"class":49},[43,149292,98],{"class":97},[43,149294,9855],{"class":53},[43,149296,265],{"class":264},[43,149298,4694],{"class":268},[43,149300,265],{"class":264},[43,149302,108],{"class":53},[43,149304,276],{"class":264},[43,149306,149307],{"class":268},"pineapple",[43,149309,265],{"class":264},[43,149311,108],{"class":53},[43,149313,276],{"class":264},[43,149315,4694],{"class":268},[43,149317,265],{"class":264},[43,149319,346],{"class":53},[43,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332,149334,149336,149339,149341,149343],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149323,142],{"class":141},[43,149325,145],{"class":53},[43,149327,4729],{"class":148},[43,149329,79],{"class":53},[43,149331,41885],{"class":148},[43,149333,145],{"class":53},[43,149335,265],{"class":264},[43,149337,149338],{"class":268},"app",[43,149340,265],{"class":264},[43,149342,5977],{"class":53},[43,149344,149345],{"class":165},"    # 0\n",[43,149347,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,149349,142],{"class":141},[43,149351,145],{"class":53},[43,149353,4729],{"class":148},[43,149355,79],{"class":53},[43,149357,41885],{"class":148},[43,149359,145],{"class":53},[43,149361,265],{"class":264},[43,149363,4694],{"class":268},[43,149365,265],{"class":264},[43,149367,5977],{"class":53},[43,149369,52042],{"class":165},[14,149371,149372,149375,149376,79],{},[18,149373,149374],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,149377,1277],{},[81,149379,149381],{"id":149380},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149383,149384],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[389,149386,149387,149392,149401,149407],{},[392,149388,230,149389,149391],{},[18,149390,4498],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[392,149393,230,149394,149400],{},[269,149395,149397,149398],{"href":149396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,149399,59594],{}," to find the position of a value",[392,149402,230,149403,149406],{},[18,149404,149405],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[392,149408,149409],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149411,46667,149412,59],{},[18,149413,4498],{},[34,149415,149417],{"className":36,"code":149416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,149418,149419,149439,149443,149459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149420,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149422,94],{"class":49},[43,149424,98],{"class":97},[43,149426,9855],{"class":53},[43,149428,159],{"class":104},[43,149430,108],{"class":53},[43,149432,6609],{"class":104},[43,149434,108],{"class":53},[43,149436,54764],{"class":104},[43,149438,346],{"class":53},[43,149440,149441],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149442,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,149444,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,149446,142],{"class":141},[43,149448,145],{"class":53},[43,149450,2632],{"class":104},[43,149452,21795],{"class":4491},[43,149454,2071],{"class":148},[43,149456,4272],{"class":53},[43,149458,44481],{"class":165},[43,149460,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,149462,142],{"class":141},[43,149464,145],{"class":53},[43,149466,831],{"class":104},[43,149468,21795],{"class":4491},[43,149470,2071],{"class":148},[43,149472,4272],{"class":53},[43,149474,44498],{"class":165},[14,149476,46667,149477,59],{},[18,149478,59594],{},[34,149480,149482],{"className":36,"code":149481,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149483,149484,149508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149487,94],{"class":49},[43,149489,98],{"class":97},[43,149491,9855],{"class":53},[43,149493,159],{"class":104},[43,149495,108],{"class":53},[43,149497,6609],{"class":104},[43,149499,108],{"class":53},[43,149501,54764],{"class":104},[43,149503,108],{"class":53},[43,149505,6609],{"class":104},[43,149507,346],{"class":53},[43,149509,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149511,142],{"class":141},[43,149513,145],{"class":53},[43,149515,149],{"class":148},[43,149517,79],{"class":53},[43,149519,36476],{"class":148},[43,149521,145],{"class":53},[43,149523,2632],{"class":104},[43,149525,5977],{"class":53},[43,149527,28404],{"class":165},[14,149529,149530,149532,149533,149535,149537],{},[18,149531,57916],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10465,149534],{},[18,149536,59594],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[81,149539,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,149541,2476,149543,5759],{"id":149542},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149544,148267],{},[14,149546,149547],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1499,149549,13328,149551,149553],{"id":149550},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149552,148267],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149555,149556],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1499,149558,149560],{"id":149559},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149562,12534,149563,79],{},[18,149564,1277],{},[1499,149566,5784,149568,149570],{"id":149567},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149569,148267],{}," count strings?",[14,149572,149573],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1499,149575,5794,149577,1233,149579,2490],{"id":149576},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149578,148267],{},[18,149580,149581],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149583,149584,149586,149587,149589],{},[18,149585,57916],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149588,59594],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[81,149591,2497],{"id":2496},[389,149593,149594,149598,149603,149610,149618],{},[392,149595,149596],{},[269,149597,148376],{"href":148375},[392,149599,149600],{},[269,149601,149602],{"href":148379},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[392,149604,149605],{},[269,149606,149607,149608,11361],{"href":149396},"Python tuple ",[18,149609,59594],{},[392,149611,149612],{},[269,149613,149615,149616],{"href":149614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149617,2448],{},[392,149619,149620],{},[269,149621,59582],{"href":59581},[2536,149623,149624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":149626},[149627,149629,149632,149633,149634,149635,149636,149644,149645,149656],{"id":148343,"depth":131,"text":149628},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148383,"depth":131,"text":148384,"children":149630},[149631],{"id":103494,"depth":138,"text":103495},{"id":12096,"depth":131,"text":12097},{"id":38647,"depth":131,"text":38648},{"id":41670,"depth":131,"text":41671},{"id":148906,"depth":131,"text":148907},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":149637},[149638,149640,149641,149643],{"id":149066,"depth":138,"text":149639},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59219,"depth":138,"text":59635},{"id":149262,"depth":138,"text":149642},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149275,"depth":138,"text":149276},{"id":149380,"depth":131,"text":149381},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":149646},[149647,149649,149651,149652,149654],{"id":149542,"depth":138,"text":149648},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149550,"depth":138,"text":149650},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149559,"depth":138,"text":149560},{"id":149567,"depth":138,"text":149653},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149576,"depth":138,"text":149655},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148254,"description":149657},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149664,"title":149665,"body":149666,"description":151353,"extension":2572,"meta":151354,"navigation":134,"path":151355,"seo":151356,"stem":151357,"__hash__":151358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149667,"toc":151316},[149668,149671,149674,149683,149685,149815,149817,149878,149884,149886,149906,149910,149913,149916,149951,149953,149974,149977,150016,150018,150043,150050,150054,150057,150094,150096,150119,150122,150125,150137,150143,150147,150150,150156,150197,150199,150222,150225,150266,150268,150295,150297,150314,150316,150333,150336,150340,150343,150345,150379,150381,150428,150432,150471,150475,150478,150535,150537,150578,150584,150590,150595,150597,150634,150636,150656,150658,150691,150693,150726,150729,150733,150766,150768,150793,150796,150798,150812,150819,150821,150824,150828,150831,150866,150869,150904,150908,150911,150950,150953,150992,150996,150998,151028,151031,151038,151040,151072,151075,151107,151110,151141,151143,151160,151164,151167,151231,151233,151237,151244,151248,151251,151255,151258,151262,151265,151270,151276,151278,151313],[10,149669,149665],{"id":149670},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149672,149673],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149675,149676,149677,3486,149681,79],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[269,149678,149680],{"href":149679},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[269,149682,148376],{"href":148375},[81,149684,84],{"id":83},[34,149686,149688],{"className":36,"code":149687,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149689,149690,149710,149719,149733,149769,149773,149783,149793,149804],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149693,94],{"class":49},[43,149695,98],{"class":97},[43,149697,9855],{"class":53},[43,149699,154],{"class":104},[43,149701,108],{"class":53},[43,149703,1525],{"class":104},[43,149705,108],{"class":53},[43,149707,1530],{"class":104},[43,149709,346],{"class":53},[43,149711,149712,149714,149716],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149713,125240],{"class":49},[43,149715,98],{"class":97},[43,149717,149718],{"class":53}," ()\n",[43,149720,149721,149724,149726,149728,149730],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,149722,149723],{"class":49},"one_item ",[43,149725,98],{"class":97},[43,149727,9855],{"class":53},[43,149729,831],{"class":104},[43,149731,149732],{"class":53},",)\n",[43,149734,149735,149738,149740,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,149736,149737],{"class":49},"from_list ",[43,149739,98],{"class":97},[43,149741,149742],{"class":3510}," tuple",[43,149744,3595],{"class":53},[43,149746,265],{"class":264},[43,149748,269],{"class":268},[43,149750,265],{"class":264},[43,149752,108],{"class":53},[43,149754,276],{"class":264},[43,149756,279],{"class":268},[43,149758,265],{"class":264},[43,149760,108],{"class":53},[43,149762,276],{"class":264},[43,149764,288],{"class":268},[43,149766,265],{"class":264},[43,149768,1547],{"class":53},[43,149770,149771],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,149772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,149774,149775,149777,149779,149781],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,149776,142],{"class":141},[43,149778,145],{"class":53},[43,149780,149],{"class":148},[43,149782,346],{"class":53},[43,149784,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,149786,142],{"class":141},[43,149788,145],{"class":53},[43,149790,125291],{"class":148},[43,149792,346],{"class":53},[43,149794,149795,149797,149799,149802],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,149796,142],{"class":141},[43,149798,145],{"class":53},[43,149800,149801],{"class":148},"one_item",[43,149803,346],{"class":53},[43,149805,149806,149808,149810,149813],{"class":45,"line":7047},[43,149807,142],{"class":141},[43,149809,145],{"class":53},[43,149811,149812],{"class":148},"from_list",[43,149814,346],{"class":53},[14,149816,349],{},[34,149818,149820],{"className":36,"code":149819,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149821,149822,149838,149842,149850],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149823,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149825,145],{"class":53},[43,149827,154],{"class":104},[43,149829,108],{"class":53},[43,149831,1525],{"class":104},[43,149833,108],{"class":53},[43,149835,1530],{"class":104},[43,149837,346],{"class":53},[43,149839,149840],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149841,9262],{"class":53},[43,149843,149844,149846,149848],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,149845,145],{"class":53},[43,149847,831],{"class":104},[43,149849,149732],{"class":53},[43,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,149853,145],{"class":53},[43,149855,361],{"class":264},[43,149857,269],{"class":268},[43,149859,361],{"class":264},[43,149861,108],{"class":53},[43,149863,370],{"class":264},[43,149865,279],{"class":268},[43,149867,361],{"class":264},[43,149869,108],{"class":53},[43,149871,370],{"class":264},[43,149873,288],{"class":268},[43,149875,361],{"class":264},[43,149877,346],{"class":53},[14,149879,149880,149881,79],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149882,149883],{},"(5,)",[81,149885,15786],{"id":15785},[389,149887,149888,149891,149894,149897,149900,149903],{},[392,149889,149890],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[392,149892,149893],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[392,149895,149896],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[392,149898,149899],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[392,149901,149902],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[392,149904,149905],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[81,149907,149909],{"id":149908},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149911,149912],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149914,149915],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[34,149917,149919],{"className":36,"code":149918,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149920,149921,149941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149922,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149924,94],{"class":49},[43,149926,98],{"class":97},[43,149928,9855],{"class":53},[43,149930,154],{"class":104},[43,149932,108],{"class":53},[43,149934,1525],{"class":104},[43,149936,108],{"class":53},[43,149938,1530],{"class":104},[43,149940,346],{"class":53},[43,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,149944,142],{"class":141},[43,149946,145],{"class":53},[43,149948,149],{"class":148},[43,149950,346],{"class":53},[14,149952,349],{},[34,149954,149956],{"className":36,"code":149955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149957,149958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149959,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149961,145],{"class":53},[43,149963,154],{"class":104},[43,149965,108],{"class":53},[43,149967,1525],{"class":104},[43,149969,108],{"class":53},[43,149971,1530],{"class":104},[43,149973,346],{"class":53},[14,149975,149976],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[34,149978,149980],{"className":36,"code":149979,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149981,149982,150006],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149983,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149985,9784],{"class":49},[43,149987,98],{"class":97},[43,149989,9855],{"class":53},[43,149991,154],{"class":104},[43,149993,108],{"class":53},[43,149995,276],{"class":264},[43,149997,4694],{"class":268},[43,149999,265],{"class":264},[43,150001,108],{"class":53},[43,150003,4530],{"class":4466},[43,150005,346],{"class":53},[43,150007,150008,150010,150012,150014],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150009,142],{"class":141},[43,150011,145],{"class":53},[43,150013,9823],{"class":148},[43,150015,346],{"class":53},[14,150017,349],{},[34,150019,150021],{"className":36,"code":150020,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,150022,150023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150024,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150026,145],{"class":53},[43,150028,154],{"class":104},[43,150030,108],{"class":53},[43,150032,370],{"class":264},[43,150034,4694],{"class":268},[43,150036,361],{"class":264},[43,150038,108],{"class":53},[43,150040,4530],{"class":4466},[43,150042,346],{"class":53},[14,150044,150045,150046,79],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[269,150047,150049],{"href":150048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[81,150051,150053],{"id":150052},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,150055,150056],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[34,150058,150060],{"className":36,"code":150059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,150061,150062,150070,150080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150063,150064,150066,150068],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150065,125240],{"class":49},[43,150067,98],{"class":97},[43,150069,149718],{"class":53},[43,150071,150072,150074,150076,150078],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150073,142],{"class":141},[43,150075,145],{"class":53},[43,150077,125291],{"class":148},[43,150079,346],{"class":53},[43,150081,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,150083,142],{"class":141},[43,150085,145],{"class":53},[43,150087,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150089,145],{"class":53},[43,150091,125291],{"class":148},[43,150093,2377],{"class":53},[14,150095,349],{},[34,150097,150099],{"className":36,"code":150098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150100,150101,150105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150102,150103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150104,9262],{"class":53},[43,150106,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150108,3901],{"class":97},[43,150110,3904],{"class":2671},[43,150112,370],{"class":264},[43,150114,49581],{"class":268},[43,150116,361],{"class":264},[43,150118,3913],{"class":97},[14,150120,150121],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,150123,150124],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[389,150126,150127,150132],{},[392,150128,150129,150130],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,150131,7983],{},[392,150133,150134,150135],{},"Empty list: ",[18,150136,4400],{},[14,150138,150139,150140,79],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[269,150141,150142],{"href":2509},"Python list: creating a list",[81,150144,150146],{"id":150145},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,150148,150149],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,150151,150152,150153,150155],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[76,150154,1957],{}," automatically a tuple:",[34,150157,150159],{"className":36,"code":150158,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,150160,150161,150173,150183],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150162,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150164,3054],{"class":49},[43,150166,98],{"class":97},[43,150168,9855],{"class":53},[43,150170,831],{"class":104},[43,150172,346],{"class":53},[43,150174,150175,150177,150179,150181],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150176,142],{"class":141},[43,150178,145],{"class":53},[43,150180,3080],{"class":148},[43,150182,346],{"class":53},[43,150184,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193,150195],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,150186,142],{"class":141},[43,150188,145],{"class":53},[43,150190,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150192,145],{"class":53},[43,150194,3080],{"class":148},[43,150196,2377],{"class":53},[14,150198,349],{},[34,150200,150202],{"className":36,"code":150201,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,150203,150204,150208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150205,150206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150207,3556],{"class":104},[43,150209,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150211,3901],{"class":97},[43,150213,3904],{"class":2671},[43,150215,370],{"class":264},[43,150217,2795],{"class":268},[43,150219,361],{"class":264},[43,150221,3913],{"class":97},[14,150223,150224],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[34,150226,150228],{"className":36,"code":150227,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,150229,150230,150242,150252],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150231,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150233,149723],{"class":49},[43,150235,98],{"class":97},[43,150237,9855],{"class":53},[43,150239,831],{"class":104},[43,150241,149732],{"class":53},[43,150243,150244,150246,150248,150250],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150245,142],{"class":141},[43,150247,145],{"class":53},[43,150249,149801],{"class":148},[43,150251,346],{"class":53},[43,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,150255,142],{"class":141},[43,150257,145],{"class":53},[43,150259,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150261,145],{"class":53},[43,150263,149801],{"class":148},[43,150265,2377],{"class":53},[14,150267,349],{},[34,150269,150271],{"className":36,"code":150270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150272,150273,150281],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150274,150275,150277,150279],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150276,145],{"class":53},[43,150278,831],{"class":104},[43,150280,149732],{"class":53},[43,150282,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150284,3901],{"class":97},[43,150286,3904],{"class":2671},[43,150288,370],{"class":264},[43,150290,49581],{"class":268},[43,150292,361],{"class":264},[43,150294,3913],{"class":97},[14,150296,17277],{},[34,150298,150300],{"className":36,"code":150299,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,150301,150302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150303,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150305,145],{"class":53},[43,150307,265],{"class":264},[43,150309,4694],{"class":268},[43,150311,265],{"class":264},[43,150313,149732],{"class":53},[14,150315,1970],{},[34,150317,150319],{"className":36,"code":150318,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,150320,150321],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150322,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150324,145],{"class":53},[43,150326,265],{"class":264},[43,150328,4694],{"class":268},[43,150330,265],{"class":264},[43,150332,346],{"class":53},[14,150334,150335],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[81,150337,150339],{"id":150338},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150341,150342],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1499,150344,57090],{"id":149},[34,150346,150347],{"className":36,"code":149918,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150348,150349,150369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150350,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150352,94],{"class":49},[43,150354,98],{"class":97},[43,150356,9855],{"class":53},[43,150358,154],{"class":104},[43,150360,108],{"class":53},[43,150362,1525],{"class":104},[43,150364,108],{"class":53},[43,150366,1530],{"class":104},[43,150368,346],{"class":53},[43,150370,150371,150373,150375,150377],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150372,142],{"class":141},[43,150374,145],{"class":53},[43,150376,149],{"class":148},[43,150378,346],{"class":53},[1499,150380,57093],{"id":5924},[34,150382,150384],{"className":36,"code":150383,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,150385,150386,150418],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150387,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150389,13700],{"class":49},[43,150391,98],{"class":97},[43,150393,9855],{"class":53},[43,150395,265],{"class":264},[43,150397,13717],{"class":268},[43,150399,265],{"class":264},[43,150401,108],{"class":53},[43,150403,276],{"class":264},[43,150405,18077],{"class":268},[43,150407,265],{"class":264},[43,150409,108],{"class":53},[43,150411,276],{"class":264},[43,150413,13734],{"class":268},[43,150415,265],{"class":264},[43,150417,346],{"class":53},[43,150419,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150421,142],{"class":141},[43,150423,145],{"class":53},[43,150425,18124],{"class":148},[43,150427,346],{"class":53},[1499,150429,150431],{"id":150430},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[34,150433,150435],{"className":36,"code":150434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,150436,150437,150461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150438,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150440,60099],{"class":49},[43,150442,98],{"class":97},[43,150444,9855],{"class":53},[43,150446,154],{"class":104},[43,150448,108],{"class":53},[43,150450,276],{"class":264},[43,150452,4694],{"class":268},[43,150454,265],{"class":264},[43,150456,108],{"class":53},[43,150458,4530],{"class":4466},[43,150460,346],{"class":53},[43,150462,150463,150465,150467,150469],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150464,142],{"class":141},[43,150466,145],{"class":53},[43,150468,60152],{"class":148},[43,150470,346],{"class":53},[1499,150472,150474],{"id":150473},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150476,150477],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[34,150479,150481],{"className":36,"code":150480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150482,150483,150524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150484,150485,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150486,150487],{"class":49},"nested ",[43,150489,98],{"class":97},[43,150491,9855],{"class":53},[43,150493,154],{"class":104},[43,150495,108],{"class":53},[43,150497,9855],{"class":53},[43,150499,265],{"class":264},[43,150501,269],{"class":268},[43,150503,265],{"class":264},[43,150505,108],{"class":53},[43,150507,276],{"class":264},[43,150509,279],{"class":268},[43,150511,265],{"class":264},[43,150513,9852],{"class":53},[43,150515,101],{"class":53},[43,150517,105],{"class":104},[43,150519,108],{"class":53},[43,150521,111],{"class":104},[43,150523,1547],{"class":53},[43,150525,150526,150528,150530,150533],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150527,142],{"class":141},[43,150529,145],{"class":53},[43,150531,150532],{"class":148},"nested",[43,150534,346],{"class":53},[14,150536,349],{},[34,150538,150540],{"className":36,"code":150539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150541,150542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150543,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150545,145],{"class":53},[43,150547,154],{"class":104},[43,150549,108],{"class":53},[43,150551,9855],{"class":53},[43,150553,361],{"class":264},[43,150555,269],{"class":268},[43,150557,361],{"class":264},[43,150559,108],{"class":53},[43,150561,370],{"class":264},[43,150563,279],{"class":268},[43,150565,361],{"class":264},[43,150567,9852],{"class":53},[43,150569,101],{"class":53},[43,150571,105],{"class":104},[43,150573,108],{"class":53},[43,150575,111],{"class":104},[43,150577,1547],{"class":53},[81,150579,150581,150582],{"id":150580},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150583,38674],{},[14,150585,150586,150587,150589],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150588,38674],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150591,150592,150593,79],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[269,150594,63843],{"href":63842},[1499,150596,105635],{"id":105634},[34,150598,150600],{"className":36,"code":150599,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150601,150602,150624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150603,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150605,94],{"class":49},[43,150607,98],{"class":97},[43,150609,149742],{"class":3510},[43,150611,3595],{"class":53},[43,150613,154],{"class":104},[43,150615,108],{"class":53},[43,150617,1525],{"class":104},[43,150619,108],{"class":53},[43,150621,1530],{"class":104},[43,150623,1547],{"class":53},[43,150625,150626,150628,150630,150632],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150627,142],{"class":141},[43,150629,145],{"class":53},[43,150631,149],{"class":148},[43,150633,346],{"class":53},[14,150635,349],{},[34,150637,150638],{"className":36,"code":149955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150639,150640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150641,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150643,145],{"class":53},[43,150645,154],{"class":104},[43,150647,108],{"class":53},[43,150649,1525],{"class":104},[43,150651,108],{"class":53},[43,150653,1530],{"class":104},[43,150655,346],{"class":53},[1499,150657,105821],{"id":105820},[34,150659,150661],{"className":36,"code":150660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150662,150663,150681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150664,150665,150667,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150666,257],{"class":49},[43,150668,98],{"class":97},[43,150670,149742],{"class":3510},[43,150672,145],{"class":53},[43,150674,265],{"class":264},[43,150676,42186],{"class":268},[43,150678,265],{"class":264},[43,150680,346],{"class":53},[43,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150684,142],{"class":141},[43,150686,145],{"class":53},[43,150688,1079],{"class":148},[43,150690,346],{"class":53},[14,150692,349],{},[34,150694,150696],{"className":36,"code":150695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150697,150698],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150699,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722,150724],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150701,145],{"class":53},[43,150703,361],{"class":264},[43,150705,269],{"class":268},[43,150707,361],{"class":264},[43,150709,108],{"class":53},[43,150711,370],{"class":264},[43,150713,279],{"class":268},[43,150715,361],{"class":264},[43,150717,108],{"class":53},[43,150719,370],{"class":264},[43,150721,288],{"class":268},[43,150723,361],{"class":264},[43,150725,346],{"class":53},[14,150727,150728],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1499,150730,150732],{"id":150731},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[34,150734,150736],{"className":36,"code":150735,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150737,150738,150756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150739,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150741,4436],{"class":49},[43,150743,98],{"class":97},[43,150745,149742],{"class":3510},[43,150747,145],{"class":53},[43,150749,60625],{"class":141},[43,150751,145],{"class":53},[43,150753,159],{"class":104},[43,150755,2377],{"class":53},[43,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150759,142],{"class":141},[43,150761,145],{"class":53},[43,150763,5974],{"class":148},[43,150765,346],{"class":53},[14,150767,349],{},[34,150769,150771],{"className":36,"code":150770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150772,150773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150774,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150776,145],{"class":53},[43,150778,1277],{"class":104},[43,150780,108],{"class":53},[43,150782,6113],{"class":104},[43,150784,108],{"class":53},[43,150786,1525],{"class":104},[43,150788,108],{"class":53},[43,150790,1530],{"class":104},[43,150792,346],{"class":53},[14,150794,150795],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[81,150797,21422],{"id":21421},[389,150799,150800,150803,150806,150809],{},[392,150801,150802],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[392,150804,150805],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[392,150807,150808],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[392,150810,150811],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150813,150814,150815,79],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[269,150816,150818],{"href":150817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[81,150820,3438],{"id":3437},[14,150822,150823],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1499,150825,150827],{"id":150826},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150829,150830],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[34,150832,150834],{"className":36,"code":150833,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150835,150836,150852],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150837,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150839,29163],{"class":49},[43,150841,98],{"class":97},[43,150843,9855],{"class":53},[43,150845,265],{"class":264},[43,150847,4694],{"class":268},[43,150849,265],{"class":264},[43,150851,346],{"class":53},[43,150853,150854,150856,150858,150860,150862,150864],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150855,142],{"class":141},[43,150857,145],{"class":53},[43,150859,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150861,145],{"class":53},[43,150863,23933],{"class":148},[43,150865,2377],{"class":53},[14,150867,150868],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[34,150870,150872],{"className":36,"code":150871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150873,150874,150890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150875,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150877,29163],{"class":49},[43,150879,98],{"class":97},[43,150881,9855],{"class":53},[43,150883,265],{"class":264},[43,150885,4694],{"class":268},[43,150887,265],{"class":264},[43,150889,149732],{"class":53},[43,150891,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150893,142],{"class":141},[43,150895,145],{"class":53},[43,150897,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150899,145],{"class":53},[43,150901,23933],{"class":148},[43,150903,2377],{"class":53},[1499,150905,150907],{"id":150906},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150909,150910],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[34,150912,150914],{"className":36,"code":150913,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150915,150916,150936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150917,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150919,4436],{"class":49},[43,150921,98],{"class":97},[43,150923,101],{"class":53},[43,150925,154],{"class":104},[43,150927,108],{"class":53},[43,150929,1525],{"class":104},[43,150931,108],{"class":53},[43,150933,1530],{"class":104},[43,150935,68],{"class":53},[43,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150939,142],{"class":141},[43,150941,145],{"class":53},[43,150943,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150945,145],{"class":53},[43,150947,5974],{"class":148},[43,150949,2377],{"class":53},[14,150951,150952],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[34,150954,150956],{"className":36,"code":150955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150957,150958,150978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150959,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150961,4436],{"class":49},[43,150963,98],{"class":97},[43,150965,9855],{"class":53},[43,150967,154],{"class":104},[43,150969,108],{"class":53},[43,150971,1525],{"class":104},[43,150973,108],{"class":53},[43,150975,1530],{"class":104},[43,150977,346],{"class":53},[43,150979,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,150981,142],{"class":141},[43,150983,145],{"class":53},[43,150985,3832],{"class":3510},[43,150987,145],{"class":53},[43,150989,5974],{"class":148},[43,150991,2377],{"class":53},[1499,150993,150995],{"id":150994},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150997,150808],{},[34,150999,151001],{"className":36,"code":151000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,151002,151003,151023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151004,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151006,94],{"class":49},[43,151008,98],{"class":97},[43,151010,9855],{"class":53},[43,151012,154],{"class":104},[43,151014,108],{"class":53},[43,151016,1525],{"class":104},[43,151018,108],{"class":53},[43,151020,1530],{"class":104},[43,151022,346],{"class":53},[43,151024,151025],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151026,151027],{"class":165},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,151029,151030],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1499,151032,1860,151034,151037],{"id":151033},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,151035,151036],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,151039,65269],{},[34,151041,151042],{"className":36,"code":150660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,151043,151044,151062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151045,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151047,257],{"class":49},[43,151049,98],{"class":97},[43,151051,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151053,145],{"class":53},[43,151055,265],{"class":264},[43,151057,42186],{"class":268},[43,151059,265],{"class":264},[43,151061,346],{"class":53},[43,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151065,142],{"class":141},[43,151067,145],{"class":53},[43,151069,1079],{"class":148},[43,151071,346],{"class":53},[14,151073,151074],{},"gives:",[34,151076,151077],{"className":36,"code":150695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,151078,151079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151080,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151082,145],{"class":53},[43,151084,361],{"class":264},[43,151086,269],{"class":268},[43,151088,361],{"class":264},[43,151090,108],{"class":53},[43,151092,370],{"class":264},[43,151094,279],{"class":268},[43,151096,361],{"class":264},[43,151098,108],{"class":53},[43,151100,370],{"class":264},[43,151102,288],{"class":268},[43,151104,361],{"class":264},[43,151106,346],{"class":53},[14,151108,151109],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[34,151111,151113],{"className":36,"code":151112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,151114,151115,151131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151118,6769],{"class":49},[43,151120,98],{"class":97},[43,151122,9855],{"class":53},[43,151124,265],{"class":264},[43,151126,42186],{"class":268},[43,151128,265],{"class":264},[43,151130,149732],{"class":53},[43,151132,151133,151135,151137,151139],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151134,142],{"class":141},[43,151136,145],{"class":53},[43,151138,39018],{"class":148},[43,151140,346],{"class":53},[14,151142,349],{},[34,151144,151146],{"className":36,"code":151145,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('abc',)\n",[18,151147,151148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151151,145],{"class":53},[43,151153,361],{"class":264},[43,151155,42186],{"class":268},[43,151157,361],{"class":264},[43,151159,149732],{"class":53},[1499,151161,151163],{"id":151162},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,151165,151166],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[34,151168,151170],{"className":36,"code":151169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,151171,151172,151189,151193,151203,151217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151173,151174,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151175,151176],{"class":49},"my_tuple ",[43,151178,98],{"class":97},[43,151180,9855],{"class":53},[43,151182,265],{"class":264},[43,151184,4694],{"class":268},[43,151186,265],{"class":264},[43,151188,149732],{"class":53},[43,151190,151191],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151192,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151194,151195,151197,151199,151201],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151196,142],{"class":141},[43,151198,145],{"class":53},[43,151200,148394],{"class":148},[43,151202,346],{"class":53},[43,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151206,142],{"class":141},[43,151208,145],{"class":53},[43,151210,3832],{"class":3510},[43,151212,145],{"class":53},[43,151214,148394],{"class":148},[43,151216,2377],{"class":53},[43,151218,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,151220,142],{"class":141},[43,151222,145],{"class":53},[43,151224,2370],{"class":141},[43,151226,145],{"class":53},[43,151228,148394],{"class":148},[43,151230,2377],{"class":53},[81,151232,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,151234,151236],{"id":151235},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,151238,151239,151240,151243],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,151241,151242],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1499,151245,151247],{"id":151246},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,151249,151250],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1499,151252,151254],{"id":151253},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,151256,151257],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1499,151259,151261],{"id":151260},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,151263,151264],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1499,151266,2476,151268,13340],{"id":151267},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,151269,151036],{},[14,151271,5762,151272,151275],{},[18,151273,151274],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[81,151277,2497],{"id":2496},[389,151279,151280,151284,151288,151294,151299,151304,151308],{},[392,151281,151282],{},[269,151283,148376],{"href":148375},[392,151285,151286],{},[269,151287,150049],{"href":150048},[392,151289,151290],{},[269,151291,151293],{"href":151292},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[392,151295,151296],{},[269,151297,151298],{"href":149614},"Python tuple length with len()",[392,151300,151301],{},[269,151302,151303],{"href":149679},"What is a tuple in Python?",[392,151305,151306],{},[269,151307,63843],{"href":63842},[392,151309,151310],{},[269,151311,151312],{"href":150817},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2536,151314,151315],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":151317},[151318,151319,151320,151321,151322,151323,151329,151335,151336,151344,151352],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":149908,"depth":131,"text":149909},{"id":150052,"depth":131,"text":150053},{"id":150145,"depth":131,"text":150146},{"id":150338,"depth":131,"text":150339,"children":151324},[151325,151326,151327,151328],{"id":149,"depth":138,"text":57090},{"id":5924,"depth":138,"text":57093},{"id":150430,"depth":138,"text":150431},{"id":150473,"depth":138,"text":150474},{"id":150580,"depth":131,"text":151330,"children":151331},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151332,151333,151334],{"id":105634,"depth":138,"text":105635},{"id":105820,"depth":138,"text":105821},{"id":150731,"depth":138,"text":150732},{"id":21421,"depth":131,"text":21422},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":151337},[151338,151339,151340,151341,151343],{"id":150826,"depth":138,"text":150827},{"id":150906,"depth":138,"text":150907},{"id":150994,"depth":138,"text":150995},{"id":151033,"depth":138,"text":151342},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151162,"depth":138,"text":151163},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":151345},[151346,151347,151348,151349,151350],{"id":151235,"depth":138,"text":151236},{"id":151246,"depth":138,"text":151247},{"id":151253,"depth":138,"text":151254},{"id":151260,"depth":138,"text":151261},{"id":151267,"depth":138,"text":151351},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149665,"description":151353},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151360,"title":151361,"body":151362,"description":152907,"extension":2572,"meta":152908,"navigation":134,"path":152909,"seo":152910,"stem":152911,"__hash__":152912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151363,"toc":152877},[151364,151367,151372,151374,151387,151393,151395,151462,151464,151499,151504,151508,151512,151514,151525,151533,151535,151537,151558,151560,151580,151583,151585,151590,151633,151635,151657,151660,151673,151677,151681,151684,151737,151739,151760,151765,151769,151772,151817,151819,151852,151864,151868,151876,151913,151915,151944,151948,151951,152004,152006,152026,152033,152037,152042,152111,152113,152138,152142,152145,152151,152228,152230,152289,152291,152303,152308,152312,152316,152330,152332,152367,152369,152386,152389,152402,152406,152410,152421,152426,152441,152444,152447,152449,152452,152456,152458,152472,152474,152498,152503,152507,152510,152529,152532,152581,152586,152603,152606,152639,152643,152645,152696,152699,152724,152727,152750,152754,152760,152762,152797,152800,152805,152807,152811,152814,152818,152823,152827,152830,152834,152837,152841,152846,152848,152874],[10,151365,151361],{"id":151366},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151368,9741,151369,151371],{},[18,151370,38674],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151373,82976],{},[389,151375,151376,151381],{},[392,151377,151378,151380],{},[18,151379,38674],{}," creates an empty tuple",[392,151382,151383,151386],{},[18,151384,151385],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151388,151389,151390,151392],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,151391,38674],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[81,151394,84],{"id":83},[34,151396,151398],{"className":36,"code":151397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,151399,151400,151420,151434,151438,151448],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151401,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151403,94],{"class":49},[43,151405,98],{"class":97},[43,151407,101],{"class":53},[43,151409,154],{"class":104},[43,151411,108],{"class":53},[43,151413,1525],{"class":104},[43,151415,108],{"class":53},[43,151417,1530],{"class":104},[43,151419,68],{"class":53},[43,151421,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151423,2836],{"class":49},[43,151425,98],{"class":97},[43,151427,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151429,145],{"class":53},[43,151431,149],{"class":148},[43,151433,346],{"class":53},[43,151435,151436],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151437,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151439,151440,151442,151444,151446],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151441,142],{"class":141},[43,151443,145],{"class":53},[43,151445,2871],{"class":148},[43,151447,346],{"class":53},[43,151449,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,151451,142],{"class":141},[43,151453,145],{"class":53},[43,151455,3832],{"class":3510},[43,151457,145],{"class":53},[43,151459,2871],{"class":148},[43,151461,2377],{"class":53},[14,151463,349],{},[34,151465,151467],{"className":36,"code":151466,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151468,151469,151485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151470,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151472,145],{"class":53},[43,151474,154],{"class":104},[43,151476,108],{"class":53},[43,151478,1525],{"class":104},[43,151480,108],{"class":53},[43,151482,1530],{"class":104},[43,151484,346],{"class":53},[43,151486,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151488,3901],{"class":97},[43,151490,3904],{"class":2671},[43,151492,370],{"class":264},[43,151494,49581],{"class":268},[43,151496,361],{"class":264},[43,151498,3913],{"class":97},[14,151500,230,151501,151503],{},[18,151502,151385],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[81,151505,151507],{"id":151506},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151509,151510,63551],{},[18,151511,38674],{},[14,151513,49555],{},[389,151515,151516,151519,151522],{},[392,151517,151518],{},"creates a tuple object",[392,151520,151521],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[392,151523,151524],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151526,151527,151528,151530,151531,79],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[269,151529,149680],{"href":149679}," or the full guide to ",[269,151532,148376],{"href":148375},[81,151534,2763],{"id":2762},[14,151536,27111],{},[34,151538,151540],{"className":36,"code":151539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151541,151542,151548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151543,151544,151546],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151545,49581],{"class":3510},[43,151547,9262],{"class":53},[43,151549,151550,151552,151554,151556],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151551,49581],{"class":3510},[43,151553,145],{"class":53},[43,151555,4333],{"class":148},[43,151557,346],{"class":53},[14,151559,12080],{},[389,151561,151562,151565],{},[392,151563,151564],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[392,151566,151567,151568],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[389,151569,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578],{},[392,151571,5915],{},[392,151573,5924],{},[392,151575,63622],{},[392,151577,5921],{},[392,151579,7868],{},[14,151581,151582],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[81,151584,150053],{"id":150052},[14,151586,30275,151587,151589],{},[18,151588,38674],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[34,151591,151593],{"className":36,"code":151592,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151594,151595,151605,151609,151619],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151598,125240],{"class":49},[43,151600,98],{"class":97},[43,151602,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151604,9262],{"class":53},[43,151606,151607],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151608,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151610,151611,151613,151615,151617],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151612,142],{"class":141},[43,151614,145],{"class":53},[43,151616,125291],{"class":148},[43,151618,346],{"class":53},[43,151620,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151622,142],{"class":141},[43,151624,145],{"class":53},[43,151626,3832],{"class":3510},[43,151628,145],{"class":53},[43,151630,125291],{"class":148},[43,151632,2377],{"class":53},[14,151634,349],{},[34,151636,151637],{"className":36,"code":150098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,151638,151639,151643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151640,151641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151642,9262],{"class":53},[43,151644,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151646,3901],{"class":97},[43,151648,3904],{"class":2671},[43,151650,370],{"class":264},[43,151652,49581],{"class":268},[43,151654,361],{"class":264},[43,151656,3913],{"class":97},[14,151658,151659],{},"This is equivalent to:",[34,151661,151663],{"className":36,"code":151662,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = ()\n",[18,151664,151665],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151666,151667,151669,151671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151668,125240],{"class":49},[43,151670,98],{"class":97},[43,151672,149718],{"class":53},[81,151674,151676],{"id":151675},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1499,151678,151680],{"id":151679},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151682,151683],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[34,151685,151687],{"className":36,"code":151686,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151688,151689,151709,151723,151727],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151692,94],{"class":49},[43,151694,98],{"class":97},[43,151696,101],{"class":53},[43,151698,105],{"class":104},[43,151700,108],{"class":53},[43,151702,111],{"class":104},[43,151704,108],{"class":53},[43,151706,116],{"class":104},[43,151708,68],{"class":53},[43,151710,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151712,2836],{"class":49},[43,151714,98],{"class":97},[43,151716,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151718,145],{"class":53},[43,151720,149],{"class":148},[43,151722,346],{"class":53},[43,151724,151725],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151726,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151730,142],{"class":141},[43,151732,145],{"class":53},[43,151734,2871],{"class":148},[43,151736,346],{"class":53},[14,151738,349],{},[34,151740,151742],{"className":36,"code":151741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151743,151744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151745,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151747,145],{"class":53},[43,151749,105],{"class":104},[43,151751,108],{"class":53},[43,151753,111],{"class":104},[43,151755,108],{"class":53},[43,151757,116],{"class":104},[43,151759,346],{"class":53},[14,151761,151762,151763,79],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[269,151764,105440],{"href":60682},[1499,151766,151768],{"id":151767},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151770,151771],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[34,151773,151775],{"className":36,"code":151774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151776,151777,151789,151803,151807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151778,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151780,35316],{"class":49},[43,151782,98],{"class":97},[43,151784,276],{"class":264},[43,151786,37675],{"class":268},[43,151788,3969],{"class":264},[43,151790,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151792,2836],{"class":49},[43,151794,98],{"class":97},[43,151796,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151798,145],{"class":53},[43,151800,35337],{"class":148},[43,151802,346],{"class":53},[43,151804,151805],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151808,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151810,142],{"class":141},[43,151812,145],{"class":53},[43,151814,2871],{"class":148},[43,151816,346],{"class":53},[14,151818,349],{},[34,151820,151822],{"className":36,"code":151821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151823,151824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151825,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151827,145],{"class":53},[43,151829,361],{"class":264},[43,151831,288],{"class":268},[43,151833,361],{"class":264},[43,151835,108],{"class":53},[43,151837,370],{"class":264},[43,151839,269],{"class":268},[43,151841,361],{"class":264},[43,151843,108],{"class":53},[43,151845,370],{"class":264},[43,151847,63912],{"class":268},[43,151849,361],{"class":264},[43,151851,346],{"class":53},[14,151853,151854,151855,14678,151858,151860,151861,79],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151856,151857],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[76,151859,1957],{}," create ",[18,151862,151863],{},"('cat',)",[1499,151865,151867],{"id":151866},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151869,151870,151872,151873,151875],{},[18,151871,36826],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151874,38674],{}," collects them all.",[34,151877,151879],{"className":36,"code":151878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151880,151881,151899,151903],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151882,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151884,2836],{"class":49},[43,151886,98],{"class":97},[43,151888,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151890,145],{"class":53},[43,151892,60625],{"class":141},[43,151894,145],{"class":53},[43,151896,831],{"class":104},[43,151898,2377],{"class":53},[43,151900,151901],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151902,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151904,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151906,142],{"class":141},[43,151908,145],{"class":53},[43,151910,2871],{"class":148},[43,151912,346],{"class":53},[14,151914,349],{},[34,151916,151918],{"className":36,"code":151917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151919,151920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151923,145],{"class":53},[43,151925,1277],{"class":104},[43,151927,108],{"class":53},[43,151929,6113],{"class":104},[43,151931,108],{"class":53},[43,151933,1525],{"class":104},[43,151935,108],{"class":53},[43,151937,1530],{"class":104},[43,151939,108],{"class":53},[43,151941,3064],{"class":104},[43,151943,346],{"class":53},[1499,151945,151947],{"id":151946},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151949,151950],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[34,151952,151954],{"className":36,"code":151953,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151955,151956,151976,151990,151994],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151959,4436],{"class":49},[43,151961,98],{"class":97},[43,151963,11110],{"class":53},[43,151965,154],{"class":104},[43,151967,108],{"class":53},[43,151969,1525],{"class":104},[43,151971,108],{"class":53},[43,151973,1530],{"class":104},[43,151975,9928],{"class":53},[43,151977,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,151979,2836],{"class":49},[43,151981,98],{"class":97},[43,151983,149742],{"class":3510},[43,151985,145],{"class":53},[43,151987,5974],{"class":148},[43,151989,346],{"class":53},[43,151991,151992],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,151993,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,151995,151996,151998,152000,152002],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,151997,142],{"class":141},[43,151999,145],{"class":53},[43,152001,2871],{"class":148},[43,152003,346],{"class":53},[14,152005,349],{},[34,152007,152008],{"className":36,"code":149955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152009,152010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152013,145],{"class":53},[43,152015,154],{"class":104},[43,152017,108],{"class":53},[43,152019,1525],{"class":104},[43,152021,108],{"class":53},[43,152023,1530],{"class":104},[43,152025,346],{"class":53},[14,152027,152028,152029,79],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[269,152030,152032],{"href":152031},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1499,152034,152036],{"id":152035},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,152038,64165,152039,152041],{},[18,152040,38674],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[34,152043,152045],{"className":36,"code":152044,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,152046,152047,152083,152097,152101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152048,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152050,13829],{"class":49},[43,152052,98],{"class":97},[43,152054,11110],{"class":53},[43,152056,265],{"class":264},[43,152058,8286],{"class":268},[43,152060,265],{"class":264},[43,152062,59],{"class":53},[43,152064,276],{"class":264},[43,152066,13505],{"class":268},[43,152068,265],{"class":264},[43,152070,108],{"class":53},[43,152072,276],{"class":264},[43,152074,9918],{"class":268},[43,152076,265],{"class":264},[43,152078,59],{"class":53},[43,152080,9925],{"class":104},[43,152082,9928],{"class":53},[43,152084,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152086,2836],{"class":49},[43,152088,98],{"class":97},[43,152090,149742],{"class":3510},[43,152092,145],{"class":53},[43,152094,17928],{"class":148},[43,152096,346],{"class":53},[43,152098,152099],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,152100,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,152102,152103,152105,152107,152109],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,152104,142],{"class":141},[43,152106,145],{"class":53},[43,152108,2871],{"class":148},[43,152110,346],{"class":53},[14,152112,30655],{},[34,152114,152116],{"className":36,"code":152115,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,152117,152118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152119,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152121,145],{"class":53},[43,152123,361],{"class":264},[43,152125,8286],{"class":268},[43,152127,361],{"class":264},[43,152129,108],{"class":53},[43,152131,370],{"class":264},[43,152133,9918],{"class":268},[43,152135,361],{"class":264},[43,152137,346],{"class":53},[81,152139,152141],{"id":152140},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,152143,152144],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,152146,152147,152150],{},[18,152148,152149],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[34,152152,152154],{"className":36,"code":152153,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,152155,152156,152192,152196,152210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152157,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152159,13829],{"class":49},[43,152161,98],{"class":97},[43,152163,11110],{"class":53},[43,152165,265],{"class":264},[43,152167,8286],{"class":268},[43,152169,265],{"class":264},[43,152171,59],{"class":53},[43,152173,276],{"class":264},[43,152175,13505],{"class":268},[43,152177,265],{"class":264},[43,152179,108],{"class":53},[43,152181,276],{"class":264},[43,152183,9918],{"class":268},[43,152185,265],{"class":264},[43,152187,59],{"class":53},[43,152189,9925],{"class":104},[43,152191,9928],{"class":53},[43,152193,152194],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152195,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,152197,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,152199,142],{"class":141},[43,152201,145],{"class":53},[43,152203,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152205,145],{"class":53},[43,152207,17928],{"class":148},[43,152209,2377],{"class":53},[43,152211,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,152213,142],{"class":141},[43,152215,145],{"class":53},[43,152217,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152219,145],{"class":53},[43,152221,17928],{"class":148},[43,152223,79],{"class":53},[43,152225,8427],{"class":148},[43,152227,6905],{"class":53},[14,152229,349],{},[34,152231,152233],{"className":36,"code":152232,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,152234,152235,152255],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152236,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152238,145],{"class":53},[43,152240,361],{"class":264},[43,152242,8286],{"class":268},[43,152244,361],{"class":264},[43,152246,108],{"class":53},[43,152248,370],{"class":264},[43,152250,9918],{"class":268},[43,152252,361],{"class":264},[43,152254,346],{"class":53},[43,152256,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152258,6126],{"class":53},[43,152260,361],{"class":264},[43,152262,8286],{"class":268},[43,152264,361],{"class":264},[43,152266,108],{"class":53},[43,152268,370],{"class":264},[43,152270,13505],{"class":268},[43,152272,361],{"class":264},[43,152274,9852],{"class":53},[43,152276,9855],{"class":53},[43,152278,361],{"class":264},[43,152280,9918],{"class":268},[43,152282,361],{"class":264},[43,152284,108],{"class":53},[43,152286,9925],{"class":104},[43,152288,2377],{"class":53},[14,152290,19317],{},[389,152292,152293,152298],{},[392,152294,152295,152297],{},[18,152296,152149],{}," for keys",[392,152299,152300,33184],{},[18,152301,152302],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,152304,152305,152306,79],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[269,152307,64175],{"href":64174},[81,152309,152311],{"id":152310},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,152313,152314,18941],{},[18,152315,38674],{},[389,152317,152318,152321,152324,152327],{},[392,152319,152320],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[392,152322,152323],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[392,152325,152326],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[392,152328,152329],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152331,494],{},[34,152333,152335],{"className":36,"code":152334,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,152336,152337,152356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152338,152339,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152340,152341],{"class":49},"coordinates ",[43,152343,98],{"class":97},[43,152345,149742],{"class":3510},[43,152347,3595],{"class":53},[43,152349,159],{"class":104},[43,152351,108],{"class":53},[43,152353,6609],{"class":104},[43,152355,1547],{"class":53},[43,152357,152358,152360,152362,152365],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152359,142],{"class":141},[43,152361,145],{"class":53},[43,152363,152364],{"class":148},"coordinates",[43,152366,346],{"class":53},[14,152368,349],{},[34,152370,152372],{"className":36,"code":152371,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(4, 7)\n",[18,152373,152374],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152375,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152377,145],{"class":53},[43,152379,159],{"class":104},[43,152381,108],{"class":53},[43,152383,6609],{"class":104},[43,152385,346],{"class":53},[14,152387,152388],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[389,152390,152391,152393,152396,152399],{},[392,152392,152364],{},[392,152394,152395],{},"RGB colors",[392,152397,152398],{},"dates",[392,152400,152401],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[81,152403,152405],{"id":152404},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152407,45055,152408,11221],{},[18,152409,38674],{},[389,152411,152412,152415,152418],{},[392,152413,152414],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[392,152416,152417],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[392,152419,152420],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152422,116867,152423,152425],{},[76,152424,1957],{}," work:",[34,152427,152429],{"className":36,"code":152428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple(5)\n",[18,152430,152431],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152432,152433,152435,152437,152439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152434,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152436,145],{"class":53},[43,152438,831],{"class":104},[43,152440,346],{"class":53},[14,152442,152443],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152445,152446],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[81,152448,115705],{"id":115704},[14,152450,152451],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1499,152453,152455],{"id":152454},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152457,1505],{},[34,152459,152460],{"className":36,"code":152428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152461,152462],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152463,152464,152466,152468,152470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152465,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152467,145],{"class":53},[43,152469,831],{"class":104},[43,152471,346],{"class":53},[14,152473,30306],{},[34,152475,152476],{"className":36,"code":64279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152477,152478],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152479,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152481,3614],{"class":3510},[43,152483,59],{"class":53},[43,152485,370],{"class":264},[43,152487,2795],{"class":268},[43,152489,361],{"class":264},[43,152491,25240],{"class":3510},[43,152493,8715],{"class":97},[43,152495,8718],{"class":97},[43,152497,64302],{"class":49},[14,152499,152500,152501,79],{},"If you see this, read ",[269,152502,62916],{"href":53227},[1499,152504,152506],{"id":152505},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152508,152509],{},"This code:",[34,152511,152513],{"className":36,"code":152512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152514,152515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152516,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152518,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152520,145],{"class":53},[43,152522,265],{"class":264},[43,152524,4459],{"class":268},[43,152526,265],{"class":264},[43,152528,346],{"class":53},[14,152530,152531],{},"returns:",[34,152533,152535],{"className":36,"code":152534,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152536,152537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152538,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152540,145],{"class":53},[43,152542,361],{"class":264},[43,152544,61065],{"class":268},[43,152546,361],{"class":264},[43,152548,108],{"class":53},[43,152550,370],{"class":264},[43,152552,306],{"class":268},[43,152554,361],{"class":264},[43,152556,108],{"class":53},[43,152558,370],{"class":264},[43,152560,61082],{"class":268},[43,152562,361],{"class":264},[43,152564,108],{"class":53},[43,152566,370],{"class":264},[43,152568,61082],{"class":268},[43,152570,361],{"class":264},[43,152572,108],{"class":53},[43,152574,370],{"class":264},[43,152576,61099],{"class":268},[43,152578,361],{"class":264},[43,152580,346],{"class":53},[14,152582,1954,152583,152585],{},[76,152584,1957],{}," return:",[34,152587,152589],{"className":36,"code":152588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('hello',)\n",[18,152590,152591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152592,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152594,145],{"class":53},[43,152596,361],{"class":264},[43,152598,4459],{"class":268},[43,152600,361],{"class":264},[43,152602,149732],{"class":53},[14,152604,152605],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[34,152607,152609],{"className":36,"code":152608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152610,152611,152628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152612,152613,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152614,152615],{"class":49},"single ",[43,152617,98],{"class":97},[43,152619,9855],{"class":53},[43,152621,265],{"class":264},[43,152623,4459],{"class":268},[43,152625,265],{"class":264},[43,152627,149732],{"class":53},[43,152629,152630,152632,152634,152637],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152631,142],{"class":141},[43,152633,145],{"class":53},[43,152635,152636],{"class":148},"single",[43,152638,346],{"class":53},[1499,152640,152642],{"id":152641},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152644,152509],{},[34,152646,152648],{"className":36,"code":152647,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152649,152650,152682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152651,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152653,9784],{"class":49},[43,152655,98],{"class":97},[43,152657,11110],{"class":53},[43,152659,265],{"class":264},[43,152661,269],{"class":268},[43,152663,265],{"class":264},[43,152665,59],{"class":53},[43,152667,6113],{"class":104},[43,152669,108],{"class":53},[43,152671,276],{"class":264},[43,152673,279],{"class":268},[43,152675,265],{"class":264},[43,152677,59],{"class":53},[43,152679,1525],{"class":104},[43,152681,9928],{"class":53},[43,152683,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152685,142],{"class":141},[43,152687,145],{"class":53},[43,152689,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152691,145],{"class":53},[43,152693,9823],{"class":148},[43,152695,2377],{"class":53},[14,152697,152698],{},"returns only the keys:",[34,152700,152702],{"className":36,"code":152701,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152703,152704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152705,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152707,145],{"class":53},[43,152709,361],{"class":264},[43,152711,269],{"class":268},[43,152713,361],{"class":264},[43,152715,108],{"class":53},[43,152717,370],{"class":264},[43,152719,279],{"class":268},[43,152721,361],{"class":264},[43,152723,346],{"class":53},[14,152725,152726],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[34,152728,152730],{"className":36,"code":152729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152731,152732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152733,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152735,142],{"class":141},[43,152737,145],{"class":53},[43,152739,49581],{"class":3510},[43,152741,145],{"class":53},[43,152743,9823],{"class":148},[43,152745,79],{"class":53},[43,152747,8427],{"class":148},[43,152749,6905],{"class":53},[1499,152751,152753],{"id":152752},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152755,152756,152757,152759],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152758,38674],{}," conversion.",[14,152761,996],{},[34,152763,152765],{"className":36,"code":152764,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152766,152767,152787],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152768,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152770,3054],{"class":49},[43,152772,98],{"class":97},[43,152774,9855],{"class":53},[43,152776,154],{"class":104},[43,152778,108],{"class":53},[43,152780,1525],{"class":104},[43,152782,108],{"class":53},[43,152784,1530],{"class":104},[43,152786,346],{"class":53},[43,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152790,142],{"class":141},[43,152792,145],{"class":53},[43,152794,3080],{"class":148},[43,152796,346],{"class":53},[14,152798,152799],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152801,26129,152802,152804],{},[18,152803,38674],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[81,152806,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,152808,152810],{"id":152809},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152812,152813],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1499,152815,152817],{"id":152816},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152819,152820,152821,79],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152822,7983],{},[1499,152824,152826],{"id":152825},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152828,152829],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1499,152831,152833],{"id":152832},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152835,152836],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1499,152838,152840],{"id":152839},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152842,152843,152844,79],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152845,3614],{},[81,152847,2497],{"id":2496},[389,152849,152850,152854,152858,152862,152866,152870],{},[392,152851,152852],{},[269,152853,148376],{"href":148375},[392,152855,152856],{},[269,152857,151303],{"href":149679},[392,152859,152860],{},[269,152861,105440],{"href":60682},[392,152863,152864],{},[269,152865,152032],{"href":152031},[392,152867,152868],{},[269,152869,64175],{"href":64174},[392,152871,152872],{},[269,152873,62916],{"href":53227},[2536,152875,152876],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":152878},[152879,152880,152881,152882,152883,152890,152891,152892,152893,152899,152906],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":151506,"depth":131,"text":151507},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":150052,"depth":131,"text":150053},{"id":151675,"depth":131,"text":151676,"children":152884},[152885,152886,152887,152888,152889],{"id":151679,"depth":138,"text":151680},{"id":151767,"depth":138,"text":151768},{"id":151866,"depth":138,"text":151867},{"id":151946,"depth":138,"text":151947},{"id":152035,"depth":138,"text":152036},{"id":152140,"depth":131,"text":152141},{"id":152310,"depth":131,"text":152311},{"id":152404,"depth":131,"text":152405},{"id":115704,"depth":131,"text":115705,"children":152894},[152895,152896,152897,152898],{"id":152454,"depth":138,"text":152455},{"id":152505,"depth":138,"text":152506},{"id":152641,"depth":138,"text":152642},{"id":152752,"depth":138,"text":152753},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":152900},[152901,152902,152903,152904,152905],{"id":152809,"depth":138,"text":152810},{"id":152816,"depth":138,"text":152817},{"id":152825,"depth":138,"text":152826},{"id":152832,"depth":138,"text":152833},{"id":152839,"depth":138,"text":152840},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151361,"description":152907},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152914,"title":152915,"body":152916,"description":154329,"extension":2572,"meta":154330,"navigation":134,"path":154331,"seo":154332,"stem":154333,"__hash__":154334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152917,"toc":154301},[152918,152923,152928,152931,152933,153012,153018,153023,153027,153042,153044,153091,153093,153101,153109,153115,153117,153122,153142,153145,153172,153174,153198,153200,153342,153344,153348,153356,153359,153361,153438,153440,153448,153452,153456,153466,153476,153478,153483,153485,153544,153549,153551,153651,153653,153667,153672,153678,153685,153688,153690,153800,153804,153821,153823,153886,153888,153896,153908,153912,153917,153945,153948,154030,154032,154043,154045,154049,154076,154078,154080,154160,154168,154170,154225,154227,154232,154235,154239,154243,154245,154249,154253,154261,154268,154271,154273,154298],[10,152919,148260,152921,11943],{"id":152920},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152922,59594],{},[14,152924,152925,152927],{},[18,152926,149581],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152929,152930],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[81,152932,84],{"id":83},[34,152934,152936],{"className":36,"code":152935,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152937,152938,152978,153000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152939,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152941,13700],{"class":49},[43,152943,98],{"class":97},[43,152945,9855],{"class":53},[43,152947,265],{"class":264},[43,152949,13717],{"class":268},[43,152951,265],{"class":264},[43,152953,108],{"class":53},[43,152955,276],{"class":264},[43,152957,13734],{"class":268},[43,152959,265],{"class":264},[43,152961,108],{"class":53},[43,152963,276],{"class":264},[43,152965,18077],{"class":268},[43,152967,265],{"class":264},[43,152969,108],{"class":53},[43,152971,276],{"class":264},[43,152973,13734],{"class":268},[43,152975,265],{"class":264},[43,152977,346],{"class":53},[43,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,152981,65545],{"class":49},[43,152983,98],{"class":97},[43,152985,13748],{"class":49},[43,152987,79],{"class":53},[43,152989,36476],{"class":148},[43,152991,145],{"class":53},[43,152993,265],{"class":264},[43,152995,13734],{"class":268},[43,152997,265],{"class":264},[43,152999,346],{"class":53},[43,153001,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153003,142],{"class":141},[43,153005,145],{"class":53},[43,153007,65572],{"class":148},[43,153009,4272],{"class":53},[43,153011,28404],{"class":165},[14,153013,153014,153017],{},[18,153015,153016],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[81,153019,4289,153021,4292],{"id":153020},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,153022,149581],{},[14,153024,1242,153025,12034],{},[18,153026,59594],{},[389,153028,153029,153032,153034,153037],{},[392,153030,153031],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[392,153033,128858],{},[392,153035,153036],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[392,153038,153039,153040],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,153041,1277],{},[14,153043,494],{},[34,153045,153047],{"className":36,"code":153046,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,153048,153049,153073],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153050,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153052,94],{"class":49},[43,153054,98],{"class":97},[43,153056,9855],{"class":53},[43,153058,105],{"class":104},[43,153060,108],{"class":53},[43,153062,111],{"class":104},[43,153064,108],{"class":53},[43,153066,116],{"class":104},[43,153068,108],{"class":53},[43,153070,111],{"class":104},[43,153072,346],{"class":53},[43,153074,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153076,142],{"class":141},[43,153078,145],{"class":53},[43,153080,149],{"class":148},[43,153082,79],{"class":53},[43,153084,36476],{"class":148},[43,153086,145],{"class":53},[43,153088,618],{"class":104},[43,153090,2377],{"class":53},[14,153092,349],{},[34,153094,153095],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,153096,153097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153098,153099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153100,47544],{"class":104},[14,153102,21599,153103,153105,153106,153108],{},[18,153104,618],{}," appears twice, ",[18,153107,59594],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,153110,151527,153111,79],{},[269,153112,153114],{"href":153113},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[81,153116,2763],{"id":2762},[14,153118,8381,153119,153121],{},[18,153120,59594],{}," in two ways:",[34,153123,153125],{"className":36,"code":153124,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,153126,153127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153128,153129,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153130,153131],{"class":49},"tuple_name",[43,153133,79],{"class":53},[43,153135,36476],{"class":148},[43,153137,145],{"class":53},[43,153139,3080],{"class":148},[43,153141,346],{"class":53},[14,153143,153144],{},"or:",[34,153146,153148],{"className":36,"code":153147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,153149,153150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153151,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153153,153131],{"class":49},[43,153155,79],{"class":53},[43,153157,36476],{"class":148},[43,153159,145],{"class":53},[43,153161,3080],{"class":148},[43,153163,108],{"class":53},[43,153165,36682],{"class":148},[43,153167,108],{"class":53},[43,153169,65666],{"class":148},[43,153171,346],{"class":53},[1499,153173,18016],{"id":18015},[389,153175,153176,153181,153186,153191],{},[392,153177,153178,153180],{},[18,153179,3080],{}," — the item to search for",[392,153182,153183,153185],{},[18,153184,20],{}," — optional starting position",[392,153187,153188,153190],{},[18,153189,53288],{}," — optional ending position",[392,153192,153193,5398,153195,153197],{},[18,153194,53288],{},[76,153196,78],{}," in the search",[14,153199,494],{},[34,153201,153203],{"className":36,"code":153202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,153204,153205,153253,153257,153282,153310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153206,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153208,257],{"class":49},[43,153210,98],{"class":97},[43,153212,9855],{"class":53},[43,153214,265],{"class":264},[43,153216,269],{"class":268},[43,153218,265],{"class":264},[43,153220,108],{"class":53},[43,153222,276],{"class":264},[43,153224,279],{"class":268},[43,153226,265],{"class":264},[43,153228,108],{"class":53},[43,153230,276],{"class":264},[43,153232,288],{"class":268},[43,153234,265],{"class":264},[43,153236,108],{"class":53},[43,153238,276],{"class":264},[43,153240,279],{"class":268},[43,153242,265],{"class":264},[43,153244,108],{"class":53},[43,153246,276],{"class":264},[43,153248,297],{"class":268},[43,153250,265],{"class":264},[43,153252,346],{"class":53},[43,153254,153255],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153256,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,153258,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153260,142],{"class":141},[43,153262,145],{"class":53},[43,153264,1079],{"class":148},[43,153266,79],{"class":53},[43,153268,36476],{"class":148},[43,153270,145],{"class":53},[43,153272,265],{"class":264},[43,153274,279],{"class":268},[43,153276,265],{"class":264},[43,153278,5977],{"class":53},[43,153280,153281],{"class":165},"        # 1\n",[43,153283,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,153285,142],{"class":141},[43,153287,145],{"class":53},[43,153289,1079],{"class":148},[43,153291,79],{"class":53},[43,153293,36476],{"class":148},[43,153295,145],{"class":53},[43,153297,265],{"class":264},[43,153299,279],{"class":268},[43,153301,265],{"class":264},[43,153303,108],{"class":53},[43,153305,1525],{"class":104},[43,153307,5977],{"class":53},[43,153309,51546],{"class":165},[43,153311,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,153313,142],{"class":141},[43,153315,145],{"class":53},[43,153317,1079],{"class":148},[43,153319,79],{"class":53},[43,153321,36476],{"class":148},[43,153323,145],{"class":53},[43,153325,265],{"class":264},[43,153327,279],{"class":268},[43,153329,265],{"class":264},[43,153331,108],{"class":53},[43,153333,6113],{"class":104},[43,153335,108],{"class":53},[43,153337,1530],{"class":104},[43,153339,5977],{"class":53},[43,153341,28404],{"class":165},[81,153343,103767],{"id":103766},[14,153345,153346,26132],{},[18,153347,149581],{},[389,153349,153350,153353],{},[392,153351,153352],{},"An integer",[392,153354,153355],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153357,153358],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153360,494],{},[34,153362,153364],{"className":36,"code":153363,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,153365,153366,153406,153428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153367,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153369,108866],{"class":49},[43,153371,98],{"class":97},[43,153373,9855],{"class":53},[43,153375,265],{"class":264},[43,153377,37675],{"class":268},[43,153379,265],{"class":264},[43,153381,108],{"class":53},[43,153383,276],{"class":264},[43,153385,58753],{"class":268},[43,153387,265],{"class":264},[43,153389,108],{"class":53},[43,153391,276],{"class":264},[43,153393,58770],{"class":268},[43,153395,265],{"class":264},[43,153397,108],{"class":53},[43,153399,276],{"class":264},[43,153401,58753],{"class":268},[43,153403,265],{"class":264},[43,153405,346],{"class":53},[43,153407,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153409,2836],{"class":49},[43,153411,98],{"class":97},[43,153413,108909],{"class":49},[43,153415,79],{"class":53},[43,153417,36476],{"class":148},[43,153419,145],{"class":53},[43,153421,265],{"class":264},[43,153423,58753],{"class":268},[43,153425,265],{"class":264},[43,153427,346],{"class":53},[43,153429,153430,153432,153434,153436],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153431,142],{"class":141},[43,153433,145],{"class":53},[43,153435,2871],{"class":148},[43,153437,346],{"class":53},[14,153439,349],{},[34,153441,153442],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,153443,153444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153445,153446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153447,47544],{"class":104},[81,153449,153451],{"id":153450},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153453,230,153454,11221],{},[18,153455,149581],{},[389,153457,153458,153460,153463],{},[392,153459,66722],{},[392,153461,153462],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[392,153464,153465],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153467,153468,153469,153472,153473,79],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153470,153471],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[269,153474,150049],{"href":153475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[81,153477,66254],{"id":66253},[14,153479,153480,153481,79],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153482,1553],{},[14,153484,494],{},[34,153486,153488],{"className":36,"code":153487,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153489,153490,153522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153491,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153493,13700],{"class":49},[43,153495,98],{"class":97},[43,153497,9855],{"class":53},[43,153499,265],{"class":264},[43,153501,13717],{"class":268},[43,153503,265],{"class":264},[43,153505,108],{"class":53},[43,153507,276],{"class":264},[43,153509,13734],{"class":268},[43,153511,265],{"class":264},[43,153513,108],{"class":53},[43,153515,276],{"class":264},[43,153517,18077],{"class":268},[43,153519,265],{"class":264},[43,153521,346],{"class":53},[43,153523,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153525,142],{"class":141},[43,153527,145],{"class":53},[43,153529,18124],{"class":148},[43,153531,79],{"class":53},[43,153533,36476],{"class":148},[43,153535,145],{"class":53},[43,153537,265],{"class":264},[43,153539,23146],{"class":268},[43,153541,265],{"class":264},[43,153543,2377],{"class":53},[14,153545,40281,153546,153548],{},[18,153547,110191],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153550,66329],{},[34,153552,153554],{"className":36,"code":153553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153555,153556,153588,153592,153608,153630,153636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153557,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153559,13700],{"class":49},[43,153561,98],{"class":97},[43,153563,9855],{"class":53},[43,153565,265],{"class":264},[43,153567,13717],{"class":268},[43,153569,265],{"class":264},[43,153571,108],{"class":53},[43,153573,276],{"class":264},[43,153575,13734],{"class":268},[43,153577,265],{"class":264},[43,153579,108],{"class":53},[43,153581,276],{"class":264},[43,153583,18077],{"class":268},[43,153585,265],{"class":264},[43,153587,346],{"class":53},[43,153589,153590],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153591,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,153593,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153595,7614],{"class":4491},[43,153597,276],{"class":264},[43,153599,23146],{"class":268},[43,153601,265],{"class":264},[43,153603,21795],{"class":97},[43,153605,13748],{"class":49},[43,153607,7009],{"class":53},[43,153609,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,153611,8687],{"class":141},[43,153613,145],{"class":53},[43,153615,18124],{"class":148},[43,153617,79],{"class":53},[43,153619,36476],{"class":148},[43,153621,145],{"class":53},[43,153623,265],{"class":264},[43,153625,23146],{"class":268},[43,153627,265],{"class":264},[43,153629,2377],{"class":53},[43,153631,153632,153634],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,153633,28058],{"class":4491},[43,153635,7009],{"class":53},[43,153637,153638,153640,153642,153644,153647,153649],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,153639,8687],{"class":141},[43,153641,145],{"class":53},[43,153643,265],{"class":264},[43,153645,153646],{"class":268},"Value not found",[43,153648,265],{"class":264},[43,153650,346],{"class":53},[14,153652,349],{},[34,153654,153656],{"className":36,"code":153655,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Value not found\n",[18,153657,153658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153659,153660,153663,153665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153661,153662],{"class":49},"Value ",[43,153664,1957],{"class":97},[43,153666,66453],{"class":49},[14,153668,153669,153670,79],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[269,153671,66463],{"href":66462},[81,153673,2445,153674,1233,153676],{"id":66030},[18,153675,20],{},[18,153677,53288],{},[14,153679,1242,153680,1233,153682,153684],{},[18,153681,20],{},[18,153683,53288],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153686,153687],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153689,494],{},[34,153691,153693],{"className":36,"code":153692,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153694,153695,153723,153727,153748,153772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153696,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153698,4436],{"class":49},[43,153700,98],{"class":97},[43,153702,9855],{"class":53},[43,153704,831],{"class":104},[43,153706,108],{"class":53},[43,153708,977],{"class":104},[43,153710,108],{"class":53},[43,153712,5221],{"class":104},[43,153714,108],{"class":53},[43,153716,111],{"class":104},[43,153718,108],{"class":53},[43,153720,5221],{"class":104},[43,153722,346],{"class":53},[43,153724,153725],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153726,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153730,142],{"class":141},[43,153732,145],{"class":53},[43,153734,5974],{"class":148},[43,153736,79],{"class":53},[43,153738,36476],{"class":148},[43,153740,145],{"class":53},[43,153742,831],{"class":104},[43,153744,5977],{"class":53},[43,153746,153747],{"class":165},"        # 0\n",[43,153749,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,153751,142],{"class":141},[43,153753,145],{"class":53},[43,153755,5974],{"class":148},[43,153757,79],{"class":53},[43,153759,36476],{"class":148},[43,153761,145],{"class":53},[43,153763,831],{"class":104},[43,153765,108],{"class":53},[43,153767,6113],{"class":104},[43,153769,5977],{"class":53},[43,153771,51580],{"class":165},[43,153773,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,153775,142],{"class":141},[43,153777,145],{"class":53},[43,153779,5974],{"class":148},[43,153781,79],{"class":53},[43,153783,36476],{"class":148},[43,153785,145],{"class":53},[43,153787,831],{"class":104},[43,153789,108],{"class":53},[43,153791,1530],{"class":104},[43,153793,108],{"class":53},[43,153795,5221],{"class":104},[43,153797,5977],{"class":53},[43,153799,51563],{"class":165},[1499,153801,153803],{"id":153802},"how-it-works","How it works",[389,153805,153806,153811,153816],{},[392,153807,153808,153810],{},[18,153809,20],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[392,153812,153813,153815],{},[18,153814,53288],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[392,153817,1242,153818,153820],{},[18,153819,53288],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153822,494],{},[34,153824,153826],{"className":36,"code":153825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153827,153828,153856,153860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153829,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153831,4436],{"class":49},[43,153833,98],{"class":97},[43,153835,9855],{"class":53},[43,153837,831],{"class":104},[43,153839,108],{"class":53},[43,153841,977],{"class":104},[43,153843,108],{"class":53},[43,153845,5221],{"class":104},[43,153847,108],{"class":53},[43,153849,111],{"class":104},[43,153851,108],{"class":53},[43,153853,5221],{"class":104},[43,153855,346],{"class":53},[43,153857,153858],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153859,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,153861,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153863,142],{"class":141},[43,153865,145],{"class":53},[43,153867,5974],{"class":148},[43,153869,79],{"class":53},[43,153871,36476],{"class":148},[43,153873,145],{"class":53},[43,153875,831],{"class":104},[43,153877,108],{"class":53},[43,153879,6113],{"class":104},[43,153881,108],{"class":53},[43,153883,3064],{"class":104},[43,153885,2377],{"class":53},[14,153887,349],{},[34,153889,153890],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,153891,153892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153893,153894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153895,17678],{"class":104},[14,153897,153898,153899,21,153901,25,153903,153905,153906,79],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153900,154],{},[18,153902,201],{},[18,153904,181],{},", but not ",[18,153907,159],{},[81,153909,153911],{"id":153910},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153913,153914,153915,59],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153916,149581],{},[389,153918,153919,153927,153932,153939],{},[392,153920,153921,153922,153924,153925],{},"Do not confuse the ",[76,153923,3080],{}," with the ",[76,153926,36476],{},[392,153928,153929,153930],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153931,1277],{},[392,153933,230,153934,153938],{},[269,153935,149607,153936,11361],{"href":149659},[18,153937,57916],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[392,153940,153941,153942,153944],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153943,153471],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153946,153947],{},"Example of value vs index:",[34,153949,153951],{"className":36,"code":153950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153952,153953,153985,153989,154013],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153954,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153956,36867],{"class":49},[43,153958,98],{"class":97},[43,153960,9855],{"class":53},[43,153962,265],{"class":264},[43,153964,4694],{"class":268},[43,153966,265],{"class":264},[43,153968,108],{"class":53},[43,153970,276],{"class":264},[43,153972,4703],{"class":268},[43,153974,265],{"class":264},[43,153976,108],{"class":53},[43,153978,276],{"class":264},[43,153980,33848],{"class":268},[43,153982,265],{"class":264},[43,153984,346],{"class":53},[43,153986,153987],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,153988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,153990,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,153992,142],{"class":141},[43,153994,145],{"class":53},[43,153996,36919],{"class":148},[43,153998,79],{"class":53},[43,154000,36476],{"class":148},[43,154002,145],{"class":53},[43,154004,265],{"class":264},[43,154006,4703],{"class":268},[43,154008,265],{"class":264},[43,154010,5977],{"class":53},[43,154012,28404],{"class":165},[43,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154016,142],{"class":141},[43,154018,145],{"class":53},[43,154020,36919],{"class":148},[43,154022,54],{"class":53},[43,154024,154],{"class":104},[43,154026,162],{"class":53},[43,154028,154029],{"class":165},"               # banana\n",[14,154031,2785],{},[389,154033,154034,154038],{},[392,154035,154036,15869],{},[18,154037,65898],{},[392,154039,154040,154042],{},[18,154041,154],{}," is the index",[81,154044,3438],{"id":3437},[14,154046,106505,154047,59],{},[18,154048,149581],{},[389,154050,154051,154054,154059,154064,154071],{},[392,154052,154053],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[392,154055,9071,154056,154058],{},[18,154057,59594],{}," to return all matching positions",[392,154060,154061,154062],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,154063,1277],{},[392,154065,154066,154067,1233,154069],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,154068,20],{},[18,154070,53288],{},[392,154072,1860,154073,154075],{},[18,154074,149581],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1499,154077,61335],{"id":61334},[14,154079,94767],{},[34,154081,154083],{"className":36,"code":154082,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,154084,154085,154095,154109,154124,154142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154088,142],{"class":141},[43,154090,145],{"class":53},[43,154092,148394],{"class":148},[43,154094,346],{"class":53},[43,154096,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154098,142],{"class":141},[43,154100,145],{"class":53},[43,154102,2370],{"class":141},[43,154104,145],{"class":53},[43,154106,148394],{"class":148},[43,154108,2377],{"class":53},[43,154110,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154122],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154112,142],{"class":141},[43,154114,145],{"class":53},[43,154116,3054],{"class":148},[43,154118,4498],{"class":4491},[43,154120,154121],{"class":148}," my_tuple",[43,154123,346],{"class":53},[43,154125,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154127,142],{"class":141},[43,154129,145],{"class":53},[43,154131,148394],{"class":148},[43,154133,79],{"class":53},[43,154135,41885],{"class":148},[43,154137,145],{"class":53},[43,154139,3080],{"class":148},[43,154141,2377],{"class":53},[43,154143,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154145,142],{"class":141},[43,154147,145],{"class":53},[43,154149,148394],{"class":148},[43,154151,79],{"class":53},[43,154153,36476],{"class":148},[43,154155,145],{"class":53},[43,154157,3080],{"class":148},[43,154159,2377],{"class":53},[14,154161,154162,154163,84784,154165,154167],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,154164,1553],{},[18,154166,3080],{}," is missing.",[14,154169,130011],{},[34,154171,154173],{"className":36,"code":154172,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,154174,154175,154187,154205,154211],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154176,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154178,7614],{"class":4491},[43,154180,22206],{"class":49},[43,154182,4498],{"class":97},[43,154184,154121],{"class":49},[43,154186,7009],{"class":53},[43,154188,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154190,8687],{"class":141},[43,154192,145],{"class":53},[43,154194,148394],{"class":148},[43,154196,79],{"class":53},[43,154198,36476],{"class":148},[43,154200,145],{"class":53},[43,154202,3080],{"class":148},[43,154204,2377],{"class":53},[43,154206,154207,154209],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154208,28058],{"class":4491},[43,154210,7009],{"class":53},[43,154212,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154214,8687],{"class":141},[43,154216,145],{"class":53},[43,154218,265],{"class":264},[43,154220,153646],{"class":268},[43,154222,265],{"class":264},[43,154224,346],{"class":53},[81,154226,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,154228,2476,154230,13340],{"id":154229},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,154231,149581],{},[14,154233,154234],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1499,154236,154238],{"id":154237},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,154240,154241,153108],{},[18,154242,149581],{},[1499,154244,149560],{"id":149559},[14,154246,1550,154247,79],{},[18,154248,1553],{},[1499,154250,154252],{"id":154251},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,154254,154255,154256,1233,154258,154260],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,154257,20],{},[18,154259,53288],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1499,154262,15527,154264,57832,154266,2490],{"id":154263},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,154265,149581],{},[18,154267,65491],{},[14,154269,154270],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[81,154272,2497],{"id":2496},[389,154274,154275,154281,154285,154290,154294],{},[392,154276,154277],{},[269,154278,149607,154279,11361],{"href":149659},[18,154280,57916],{},[392,154282,154283],{},[269,154284,150049],{"href":153475},[392,154286,154287],{},[269,154288,154289],{"href":151355},"Creating a tuple in Python",[392,154291,154292],{},[269,154293,66463],{"href":66462},[392,154295,154296],{},[269,154297,151303],{"href":153113},[2536,154299,154300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":154302},[154303,154304,154306,154309,154310,154311,154312,154315,154316,154319,154328],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":153020,"depth":131,"text":154305},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763,"children":154307},[154308],{"id":18015,"depth":138,"text":18016},{"id":103766,"depth":131,"text":103767},{"id":153450,"depth":131,"text":153451},{"id":66253,"depth":131,"text":66254},{"id":66030,"depth":131,"text":66813,"children":154313},[154314],{"id":153802,"depth":138,"text":153803},{"id":153910,"depth":131,"text":153911},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438,"children":154317},[154318],{"id":61334,"depth":138,"text":61335},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":154320},[154321,154323,154324,154325,154326],{"id":154229,"depth":138,"text":154322},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154237,"depth":138,"text":154238},{"id":149559,"depth":138,"text":149560},{"id":154251,"depth":138,"text":154252},{"id":154263,"depth":138,"text":154327},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152915,"description":154329},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154336,"title":154337,"body":154338,"description":155733,"extension":2572,"meta":155734,"navigation":134,"path":153475,"seo":155735,"stem":155736,"__hash__":155737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154339,"toc":155715},[154340,154343,154346,154349,154363,154365,154368,154462,154472,154478,154482,154485,154488,154490,154508,154510,154581,154583,154600,154604,154608,154611,154628,154631,154646,154648,154739,154742,154746,154749,154766,154768,154863,154866,154869,154873,154876,154970,154972,154991,154994,154998,155001,155003,155058,155060,155095,155098,155112,155120,155213,155222,155226,155229,155236,155239,155286,155288,155296,155299,155350,155352,155369,155374,155378,155381,155384,155386,155437,155440,155495,155498,155501,155503,155506,155526,155528,155601,155604,155617,155619,155623,155628,155632,155637,155654,155658,155661,155678,155682,155685,155687,155712],[10,154341,154337],{"id":154342},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154344,154345],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154347,154348],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[389,154350,154351,154354,154357,154360],{},[392,154352,154353],{},"positive indexes",[392,154355,154356],{},"negative indexes",[392,154358,154359],{},"common indexing mistakes",[392,154361,154362],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[81,154364,4221],{"id":4220},[14,154366,154367],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[34,154369,154371],{"className":36,"code":154370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,154372,154373,154405,154409,154426,154443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154374,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154376,13700],{"class":49},[43,154378,98],{"class":97},[43,154380,9855],{"class":53},[43,154382,265],{"class":264},[43,154384,13717],{"class":268},[43,154386,265],{"class":264},[43,154388,108],{"class":53},[43,154390,276],{"class":264},[43,154392,18077],{"class":268},[43,154394,265],{"class":264},[43,154396,108],{"class":53},[43,154398,276],{"class":264},[43,154400,13734],{"class":268},[43,154402,265],{"class":264},[43,154404,346],{"class":53},[43,154406,154407],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,154410,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154412,142],{"class":141},[43,154414,145],{"class":53},[43,154416,18124],{"class":148},[43,154418,54],{"class":53},[43,154420,1277],{"class":104},[43,154422,162],{"class":53},[43,154424,154425],{"class":165},"   # red\n",[43,154427,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154429,142],{"class":141},[43,154431,145],{"class":53},[43,154433,18124],{"class":148},[43,154435,54],{"class":53},[43,154437,154],{"class":104},[43,154439,162],{"class":53},[43,154441,154442],{"class":165},"   # green\n",[43,154444,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154446,142],{"class":141},[43,154448,145],{"class":53},[43,154450,18124],{"class":148},[43,154452,54],{"class":53},[43,154454,220],{"class":97},[43,154456,154],{"class":104},[43,154458,162],{"class":53},[43,154460,154461],{"class":165},"  # blue\n",[389,154463,154464,154469],{},[392,154465,132800,154466,154468],{},[18,154467,1277],{}," is the first item.",[392,154470,154471],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154473,154474,154475,79],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[269,154476,154477],{"href":148379},"how to create a tuple in Python",[81,154479,154481],{"id":154480},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154483,154484],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154486,154487],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154489,12080],{},[389,154491,154492,154495,154502,154505],{},[392,154493,154494],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[392,154496,154497,154498,19585,154500],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154499,1277],{},[18,154501,154],{},[392,154503,154504],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[392,154506,154507],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154509,494],{},[34,154511,154513],{"className":36,"code":154512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154514,154515,154535,154539,154553,154567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154516,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154518,94],{"class":49},[43,154520,98],{"class":97},[43,154522,9855],{"class":53},[43,154524,105],{"class":104},[43,154526,108],{"class":53},[43,154528,111],{"class":104},[43,154530,108],{"class":53},[43,154532,116],{"class":104},[43,154534,346],{"class":53},[43,154536,154537],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154538,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154542,142],{"class":141},[43,154544,145],{"class":53},[43,154546,149],{"class":148},[43,154548,54],{"class":53},[43,154550,1277],{"class":104},[43,154552,1547],{"class":53},[43,154554,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154556,142],{"class":141},[43,154558,145],{"class":53},[43,154560,149],{"class":148},[43,154562,54],{"class":53},[43,154564,154],{"class":104},[43,154566,1547],{"class":53},[43,154568,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154570,142],{"class":141},[43,154572,145],{"class":53},[43,154574,149],{"class":148},[43,154576,54],{"class":53},[43,154578,201],{"class":104},[43,154580,1547],{"class":53},[14,154582,349],{},[34,154584,154586],{"className":36,"code":154585,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154587,154588,154592,154596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154589,154590],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154591,2983],{"class":104},[43,154593,154594],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154595,71843],{"class":104},[43,154597,154598],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154599,1620],{"class":104},[14,154601,60019,154602,79],{},[269,154603,148376],{"href":148375},[81,154605,154607],{"id":154606},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154609,154610],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[389,154612,154613,154618,154623],{},[392,154614,154615,154617],{},[18,154616,1277],{}," = first item",[392,154619,154620,154622],{},[18,154621,154],{}," = second item",[392,154624,154625,154627],{},[18,154626,201],{}," = third item",[14,154629,154630],{},"Pattern:",[34,154632,154634],{"className":36,"code":154633,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154635,154636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154637,154638,154640,154642,154644],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154639,153131],{"class":49},[43,154641,54],{"class":53},[43,154643,36476],{"class":49},[43,154645,68],{"class":53},[14,154647,494],{},[34,154649,154651],{"className":36,"code":154650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154652,154653,154685,154689,154706,154722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154654,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154656,36867],{"class":49},[43,154658,98],{"class":97},[43,154660,9855],{"class":53},[43,154662,265],{"class":264},[43,154664,4694],{"class":268},[43,154666,265],{"class":264},[43,154668,108],{"class":53},[43,154670,276],{"class":264},[43,154672,4703],{"class":268},[43,154674,265],{"class":264},[43,154676,108],{"class":53},[43,154678,276],{"class":264},[43,154680,4712],{"class":268},[43,154682,265],{"class":264},[43,154684,346],{"class":53},[43,154686,154687],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,154690,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154692,142],{"class":141},[43,154694,145],{"class":53},[43,154696,36919],{"class":148},[43,154698,54],{"class":53},[43,154700,1277],{"class":104},[43,154702,162],{"class":53},[43,154704,154705],{"class":165},"  # apple\n",[43,154707,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154709,142],{"class":141},[43,154711,145],{"class":53},[43,154713,36919],{"class":148},[43,154715,54],{"class":53},[43,154717,154],{"class":104},[43,154719,162],{"class":53},[43,154721,52113],{"class":165},[43,154723,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154725,142],{"class":141},[43,154727,145],{"class":53},[43,154729,36919],{"class":148},[43,154731,54],{"class":53},[43,154733,201],{"class":104},[43,154735,162],{"class":53},[43,154737,154738],{"class":165},"  # cherry\n",[14,154740,154741],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[81,154743,154745],{"id":154744},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154747,154748],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[389,154750,154751,154756,154761],{},[392,154752,154753,154755],{},[18,154754,66478],{}," = last item",[392,154757,154758,154760],{},[18,154759,95797],{}," = second-to-last item",[392,154762,154763,154765],{},[18,154764,48298],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154767,494],{},[34,154769,154771],{"className":36,"code":154770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154772,154773,154805,154809,154827,154845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154774,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154776,36867],{"class":49},[43,154778,98],{"class":97},[43,154780,9855],{"class":53},[43,154782,265],{"class":264},[43,154784,4694],{"class":268},[43,154786,265],{"class":264},[43,154788,108],{"class":53},[43,154790,276],{"class":264},[43,154792,4703],{"class":268},[43,154794,265],{"class":264},[43,154796,108],{"class":53},[43,154798,276],{"class":264},[43,154800,4712],{"class":268},[43,154802,265],{"class":264},[43,154804,346],{"class":53},[43,154806,154807],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154808,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,154810,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154812,142],{"class":141},[43,154814,145],{"class":53},[43,154816,36919],{"class":148},[43,154818,54],{"class":53},[43,154820,220],{"class":97},[43,154822,154],{"class":104},[43,154824,162],{"class":53},[43,154826,154738],{"class":165},[43,154828,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154830,142],{"class":141},[43,154832,145],{"class":53},[43,154834,36919],{"class":148},[43,154836,54],{"class":53},[43,154838,220],{"class":97},[43,154840,201],{"class":104},[43,154842,162],{"class":53},[43,154844,52113],{"class":165},[43,154846,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154848,142],{"class":141},[43,154850,145],{"class":53},[43,154852,36919],{"class":148},[43,154854,54],{"class":53},[43,154856,220],{"class":97},[43,154858,181],{"class":104},[43,154860,162],{"class":53},[43,154862,154705],{"class":165},[14,154864,154865],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154867,154868],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[81,154870,154872],{"id":154871},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154874,154875],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[34,154877,154879],{"className":36,"code":154878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154880,154881,154913,154917,154934,154951],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154882,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154884,5610],{"class":49},[43,154886,98],{"class":97},[43,154888,9855],{"class":53},[43,154890,265],{"class":264},[43,154892,13505],{"class":268},[43,154894,265],{"class":264},[43,154896,108],{"class":53},[43,154898,276],{"class":264},[43,154900,36571],{"class":268},[43,154902,265],{"class":264},[43,154904,108],{"class":53},[43,154906,276],{"class":264},[43,154908,36580],{"class":268},[43,154910,265],{"class":264},[43,154912,346],{"class":53},[43,154914,154915],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154916,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154920,142],{"class":141},[43,154922,145],{"class":53},[43,154924,5654],{"class":148},[43,154926,54],{"class":53},[43,154928,1277],{"class":104},[43,154930,162],{"class":53},[43,154932,154933],{"class":165},"   # first item\n",[43,154935,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,154937,142],{"class":141},[43,154939,145],{"class":53},[43,154941,5654],{"class":148},[43,154943,54],{"class":53},[43,154945,154],{"class":104},[43,154947,162],{"class":53},[43,154949,154950],{"class":165},"   # middle item\n",[43,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,154954,142],{"class":141},[43,154956,145],{"class":53},[43,154958,5654],{"class":148},[43,154960,54],{"class":53},[43,154962,220],{"class":97},[43,154964,154],{"class":104},[43,154966,162],{"class":53},[43,154968,154969],{"class":165},"  # last item\n",[14,154971,349],{},[34,154973,154975],{"className":36,"code":154974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154976,154977,154981,154986],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154978,154979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154980,50668],{"class":49},[43,154982,154983],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,154984,154985],{"class":49},"Ben\n",[43,154987,154988],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,154989,154990],{"class":49},"Cara\n",[14,154992,154993],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[81,154995,154997],{"id":154996},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154999,155000],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,155002,494],{},[34,155004,155006],{"className":36,"code":155005,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,155007,155008,155040,155044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155009,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155011,257],{"class":49},[43,155013,98],{"class":97},[43,155015,9855],{"class":53},[43,155017,265],{"class":264},[43,155019,269],{"class":268},[43,155021,265],{"class":264},[43,155023,108],{"class":53},[43,155025,276],{"class":264},[43,155027,279],{"class":268},[43,155029,265],{"class":264},[43,155031,108],{"class":53},[43,155033,276],{"class":264},[43,155035,288],{"class":268},[43,155037,265],{"class":264},[43,155039,346],{"class":53},[43,155041,155042],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155043,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155045,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155047,142],{"class":141},[43,155049,145],{"class":53},[43,155051,1079],{"class":148},[43,155053,54],{"class":53},[43,155055,831],{"class":104},[43,155057,1547],{"class":53},[14,155059,349],{},[34,155061,155063],{"className":36,"code":155062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155064,155065,155077,155082],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155066,155067,155070,155072,155075],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155068,155069],{"class":148},"Traceback ",[43,155071,145],{"class":53},[43,155073,155074],{"class":148},"most recent call last",[43,155076,8960],{"class":53},[43,155078,155079],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155080,155081],{"class":35081},"  ...\n",[43,155083,155084,155086,155088,155090,155093],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155085,2489],{"class":3510},[43,155087,59],{"class":53},[43,155089,149742],{"class":3510},[43,155091,155092],{"class":49}," index out of ",[43,155094,71542],{"class":141},[14,155096,155097],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[389,155099,155100,155104,155108],{},[392,155101,155102],{},[18,155103,1277],{},[392,155105,155106],{},[18,155107,154],{},[392,155109,155110],{},[18,155111,201],{},[14,155113,155114,155115,79],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[269,155116,155117,155119],{"href":149614},[18,155118,2448],{}," on a tuple",[34,155121,155123],{"className":36,"code":155122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,155124,155125,155157,155161,155177,155181,155199],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155126,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155128,257],{"class":49},[43,155130,98],{"class":97},[43,155132,9855],{"class":53},[43,155134,265],{"class":264},[43,155136,269],{"class":268},[43,155138,265],{"class":264},[43,155140,108],{"class":53},[43,155142,276],{"class":264},[43,155144,279],{"class":268},[43,155146,265],{"class":264},[43,155148,108],{"class":53},[43,155150,276],{"class":264},[43,155152,288],{"class":268},[43,155154,265],{"class":264},[43,155156,346],{"class":53},[43,155158,155159],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155160,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155162,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155164,142],{"class":141},[43,155166,145],{"class":53},[43,155168,2370],{"class":141},[43,155170,145],{"class":53},[43,155172,1079],{"class":148},[43,155174,5977],{"class":53},[43,155176,51399],{"class":165},[43,155178,155179],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,155180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155182,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,155184,7614],{"class":4491},[43,155186,39013],{"class":141},[43,155188,145],{"class":53},[43,155190,1079],{"class":148},[43,155192,4272],{"class":53},[43,155194,39023],{"class":97},[43,155196,1525],{"class":104},[43,155198,7009],{"class":53},[43,155200,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,155202,8687],{"class":141},[43,155204,145],{"class":53},[43,155206,1079],{"class":148},[43,155208,54],{"class":53},[43,155210,201],{"class":104},[43,155212,1547],{"class":53},[14,155214,155215,155216,79],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[269,155217,26303,155219],{"href":155218},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,155220,155221],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[81,155223,155225],{"id":155224},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,155227,155228],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[389,155230,155231,155233],{},[392,155232,1568],{},[392,155234,155235],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,155237,155238],{},"Indexing example:",[34,155240,155242],{"className":36,"code":155241,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,155243,155244,155268,155272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155245,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155247,94],{"class":49},[43,155249,98],{"class":97},[43,155251,9855],{"class":53},[43,155253,105],{"class":104},[43,155255,108],{"class":53},[43,155257,111],{"class":104},[43,155259,108],{"class":53},[43,155261,116],{"class":104},[43,155263,108],{"class":53},[43,155265,121],{"class":104},[43,155267,346],{"class":53},[43,155269,155270],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155273,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155275,142],{"class":141},[43,155277,145],{"class":53},[43,155279,149],{"class":148},[43,155281,54],{"class":53},[43,155283,154],{"class":104},[43,155285,1547],{"class":53},[14,155287,349],{},[34,155289,155290],{"className":36,"code":71843,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155291,155292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155293,155294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155295,71843],{"class":104},[14,155297,155298],{},"Slicing example:",[34,155300,155302],{"className":36,"code":155301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,155303,155304,155328,155332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155305,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155307,94],{"class":49},[43,155309,98],{"class":97},[43,155311,9855],{"class":53},[43,155313,105],{"class":104},[43,155315,108],{"class":53},[43,155317,111],{"class":104},[43,155319,108],{"class":53},[43,155321,116],{"class":104},[43,155323,108],{"class":53},[43,155325,121],{"class":104},[43,155327,346],{"class":53},[43,155329,155330],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155331,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155333,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155335,142],{"class":141},[43,155337,145],{"class":53},[43,155339,149],{"class":148},[43,155341,54],{"class":53},[43,155343,154],{"class":104},[43,155345,59],{"class":53},[43,155347,181],{"class":104},[43,155349,1547],{"class":53},[14,155351,349],{},[34,155353,155355],{"className":36,"code":155354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30)\n",[18,155356,155357],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155358,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155360,145],{"class":53},[43,155362,618],{"class":104},[43,155364,108],{"class":53},[43,155366,116],{"class":104},[43,155368,346],{"class":53},[14,155370,155371,155372,79],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[269,155373,151293],{"href":151292},[81,155375,155377],{"id":155376},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155379,155380],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155382,155383],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155385,7304],{},[34,155387,155389],{"className":36,"code":155388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,155390,155391,155423],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155394,13700],{"class":49},[43,155396,98],{"class":97},[43,155398,9855],{"class":53},[43,155400,265],{"class":264},[43,155402,13717],{"class":268},[43,155404,265],{"class":264},[43,155406,108],{"class":53},[43,155408,276],{"class":264},[43,155410,18077],{"class":268},[43,155412,265],{"class":264},[43,155414,108],{"class":53},[43,155416,276],{"class":264},[43,155418,13734],{"class":268},[43,155420,265],{"class":264},[43,155422,346],{"class":53},[43,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155426,142],{"class":141},[43,155428,145],{"class":53},[43,155430,18124],{"class":148},[43,155432,54],{"class":53},[43,155434,154],{"class":104},[43,155436,1547],{"class":53},[14,155438,155439],{},"But this does not work:",[34,155441,155443],{"className":36,"code":155442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155444,155445,155477],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155446,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155448,13700],{"class":49},[43,155450,98],{"class":97},[43,155452,9855],{"class":53},[43,155454,265],{"class":264},[43,155456,13717],{"class":268},[43,155458,265],{"class":264},[43,155460,108],{"class":53},[43,155462,276],{"class":264},[43,155464,18077],{"class":268},[43,155466,265],{"class":264},[43,155468,108],{"class":53},[43,155470,276],{"class":264},[43,155472,13734],{"class":268},[43,155474,265],{"class":264},[43,155476,346],{"class":53},[43,155478,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155480,18124],{"class":49},[43,155482,54],{"class":53},[43,155484,154],{"class":104},[43,155486,13898],{"class":53},[43,155488,13901],{"class":97},[43,155490,276],{"class":264},[43,155492,23146],{"class":268},[43,155494,3969],{"class":264},[14,155496,155497],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155499,155500],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[81,155502,3438],{"id":3437},[14,155504,155505],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[389,155507,155508,155514,155517,155520],{},[392,155509,133104,155510,11713,155512],{},[18,155511,154],{},[18,155513,1277],{},[392,155515,155516],{},"Using an index that is too large",[392,155518,155519],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[392,155521,155522,155523],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155524,155525],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155527,62920],{},[34,155529,155531],{"className":36,"code":155530,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155532,155533,155543,155557,155571,155587],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155534,155535,155537,155539,155541],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155536,142],{"class":141},[43,155538,145],{"class":53},[43,155540,148394],{"class":148},[43,155542,346],{"class":53},[43,155544,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155546,142],{"class":141},[43,155548,145],{"class":53},[43,155550,2370],{"class":141},[43,155552,145],{"class":53},[43,155554,148394],{"class":148},[43,155556,2377],{"class":53},[43,155558,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155560,142],{"class":141},[43,155562,145],{"class":53},[43,155564,148394],{"class":148},[43,155566,54],{"class":53},[43,155568,1277],{"class":104},[43,155570,1547],{"class":53},[43,155572,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,155574,142],{"class":141},[43,155576,145],{"class":53},[43,155578,148394],{"class":148},[43,155580,54],{"class":53},[43,155582,220],{"class":97},[43,155584,154],{"class":104},[43,155586,1547],{"class":53},[43,155588,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,155590,142],{"class":141},[43,155592,145],{"class":53},[43,155594,3832],{"class":3510},[43,155596,145],{"class":53},[43,155598,148394],{"class":148},[43,155600,2377],{"class":53},[14,155602,155603],{},"These can help you confirm:",[389,155605,155606,155609,155611,155614],{},[392,155607,155608],{},"what the tuple contains",[392,155610,61409],{},[392,155612,155613],{},"what the first and last items are",[392,155615,155616],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[81,155618,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,155620,155622],{"id":155621},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155624,155625,155626,79],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155627,1277],{},[1499,155629,155631],{"id":155630},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155633,230,155634,155636],{},[18,155635,66478],{}," as the index:",[34,155638,155640],{"className":36,"code":155639,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155641,155642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155643,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155645,148394],{"class":49},[43,155647,54],{"class":53},[43,155649,220],{"class":97},[43,155651,154],{"class":104},[43,155653,68],{"class":53},[1499,155655,155657],{"id":155656},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155659,155660],{},"Python raises:",[34,155662,155664],{"className":36,"code":155663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155665,155666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155667,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155669,2489],{"class":3510},[43,155671,59],{"class":53},[43,155673,149742],{"class":3510},[43,155675,155092],{"class":49},[43,155677,71542],{"class":141},[1499,155679,155681],{"id":155680},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155683,155684],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[81,155686,2497],{"id":2496},[389,155688,155689,155694,155698,155702,155708],{},[392,155690,155691],{},[269,155692,155693],{"href":148379},"How to create a tuple in Python",[392,155695,155696],{},[269,155697,151293],{"href":151292},[392,155699,155700],{},[269,155701,151298],{"href":149614},[392,155703,155704],{},[269,155705,26746,155706],{"href":155218},[18,155707,155221],{},[392,155709,155710],{},[269,155711,148376],{"href":148375},[2536,155713,155714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":155716},[155717,155718,155719,155720,155721,155722,155723,155724,155725,155726,155732],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":154480,"depth":131,"text":154481},{"id":154606,"depth":131,"text":154607},{"id":154744,"depth":131,"text":154745},{"id":154871,"depth":131,"text":154872},{"id":154996,"depth":131,"text":154997},{"id":155224,"depth":131,"text":155225},{"id":155376,"depth":131,"text":155377},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":155727},[155728,155729,155730,155731],{"id":155621,"depth":138,"text":155622},{"id":155630,"depth":138,"text":155631},{"id":155656,"depth":138,"text":155657},{"id":155680,"depth":138,"text":155681},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154337,"description":155733},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155739,"title":155740,"body":155741,"description":157630,"extension":2572,"meta":157631,"navigation":134,"path":157632,"seo":157633,"stem":157634,"__hash__":157635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155742,"toc":157587},[155743,155749,155754,155805,155809,155817,155823,155825,155841,155843,155846,155861,155863,155876,155878,155935,155939,155947,155954,155960,155966,155970,156021,156025,156033,156037,156066,156070,156078,156082,156115,156119,156127,156131,156134,156185,156189,156197,156199,156216,156220,156224,156283,156287,156295,156298,156325,156329,156337,156341,156347,156422,156426,156463,156471,156475,156538,156542,156550,156555,156559,156565,156608,156612,156620,156626,156629,156676,156680,156688,156697,156703,156758,156762,156770,156773,156777,156779,156810,156814,156833,156836,156881,156885,156908,156914,156919,156921,156968,156973,156976,157024,157028,157036,157040,157045,157049,157099,157103,157118,157122,157180,157184,157199,157203,157274,157278,157287,157291,157370,157374,157396,157404,157406,157409,157434,157436,157489,157491,157508,157510,157514,157520,157525,157530,157534,157539,157543,157548,157554,157557,157559,157584],[10,155744,155746,155747,4272],{"id":155745},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155748,2370],{},[14,155750,230,155751,155753],{},[18,155752,2448],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[34,155755,155757],{"className":36,"code":155756,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155758,155759,155791],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155760,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155762,13700],{"class":49},[43,155764,98],{"class":97},[43,155766,9855],{"class":53},[43,155768,265],{"class":264},[43,155770,13717],{"class":268},[43,155772,265],{"class":264},[43,155774,108],{"class":53},[43,155776,276],{"class":264},[43,155778,18077],{"class":268},[43,155780,265],{"class":264},[43,155782,108],{"class":53},[43,155784,276],{"class":264},[43,155786,13734],{"class":268},[43,155788,265],{"class":264},[43,155790,346],{"class":53},[43,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155794,142],{"class":141},[43,155796,145],{"class":53},[43,155798,2370],{"class":141},[43,155800,145],{"class":53},[43,155802,18124],{"class":148},[43,155804,2377],{"class":53},[14,155806,155807],{},[76,155808,349],{},[34,155810,155811],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155812,155813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155814,155815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155816,47244],{"class":104},[14,155818,230,155819,155822],{},[18,155820,155821],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[81,155824,15786],{"id":15785},[389,155826,155827,155832,155836,155839],{},[392,155828,4814,155829,155831],{},[18,155830,2448],{}," works with tuples",[392,155833,68882,155834,12328],{},[18,155835,2448],{},[392,155837,155838],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[392,155840,5134],{},[81,155842,2763],{"id":2762},[14,155844,155845],{},"Use this pattern:",[34,155847,155849],{"className":36,"code":155848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155850,155851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155854,2370],{"class":141},[43,155856,145],{"class":53},[43,155858,148394],{"class":148},[43,155860,346],{"class":53},[14,155862,12080],{},[389,155864,155865,155868,155871],{},[392,155866,155867],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[392,155869,155870],{},"The result is an integer",[392,155872,155873,155875],{},[18,155874,2448],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155877,494],{},[34,155879,155881],{"className":36,"code":155880,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155882,155883,155907,155921,155925],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155884,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155886,94],{"class":49},[43,155888,98],{"class":97},[43,155890,9855],{"class":53},[43,155892,105],{"class":104},[43,155894,108],{"class":53},[43,155896,111],{"class":104},[43,155898,108],{"class":53},[43,155900,116],{"class":104},[43,155902,108],{"class":53},[43,155904,121],{"class":104},[43,155906,346],{"class":53},[43,155908,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,155910,41867],{"class":49},[43,155912,98],{"class":97},[43,155914,39013],{"class":141},[43,155916,145],{"class":53},[43,155918,149],{"class":148},[43,155920,346],{"class":53},[43,155922,155923],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,155924,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,155926,155927,155929,155931,155933],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,155928,142],{"class":141},[43,155930,145],{"class":53},[43,155932,41885],{"class":148},[43,155934,346],{"class":53},[14,155936,155937],{},[76,155938,349],{},[34,155940,155941],{"className":36,"code":49278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155942,155943],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155944,155945],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155946,49278],{"class":104},[14,155948,155949,155950,79],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[269,155951,4187,155952,4120],{"href":42984},[18,155953,2448],{},[81,155955,4289,155957,155959],{"id":155956},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155958,2448],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155961,155962,155963,155965],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155964,2448],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1499,155967,155969],{"id":155968},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[34,155971,155973],{"className":36,"code":155972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155974,155975,156007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155976,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155978,36867],{"class":49},[43,155980,98],{"class":97},[43,155982,9855],{"class":53},[43,155984,265],{"class":264},[43,155986,4694],{"class":268},[43,155988,265],{"class":264},[43,155990,108],{"class":53},[43,155992,276],{"class":264},[43,155994,4703],{"class":268},[43,155996,265],{"class":264},[43,155998,108],{"class":53},[43,156000,276],{"class":264},[43,156002,33848],{"class":268},[43,156004,265],{"class":264},[43,156006,346],{"class":53},[43,156008,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156010,142],{"class":141},[43,156012,145],{"class":53},[43,156014,2370],{"class":141},[43,156016,145],{"class":53},[43,156018,36919],{"class":148},[43,156020,2377],{"class":53},[14,156022,156023],{},[76,156024,349],{},[34,156026,156027],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156028,156029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156030,156031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156032,47244],{"class":104},[1499,156034,156036],{"id":156035},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[34,156038,156040],{"className":36,"code":156039,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,156041,156042,156051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156043,156044,156047,156049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156045,156046],{"class":49},"empty_tuple ",[43,156048,98],{"class":97},[43,156050,149718],{"class":53},[43,156052,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156064],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156054,142],{"class":141},[43,156056,145],{"class":53},[43,156058,2370],{"class":141},[43,156060,145],{"class":53},[43,156062,156063],{"class":148},"empty_tuple",[43,156065,2377],{"class":53},[14,156067,156068],{},[76,156069,349],{},[34,156071,156072],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156073,156074],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156075,156076],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156077,47879],{"class":104},[1499,156079,156081],{"id":156080},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[34,156083,156085],{"className":36,"code":156084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,156086,156087,156100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156088,156089,156092,156094,156096,156098],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156090,156091],{"class":49},"single_value ",[43,156093,98],{"class":97},[43,156095,9855],{"class":53},[43,156097,831],{"class":104},[43,156099,149732],{"class":53},[43,156101,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156113],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156103,142],{"class":141},[43,156105,145],{"class":53},[43,156107,2370],{"class":141},[43,156109,145],{"class":53},[43,156111,156112],{"class":148},"single_value",[43,156114,2377],{"class":53},[14,156116,156117],{},[76,156118,349],{},[34,156120,156121],{"className":36,"code":47544,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156122,156123],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156124,156125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156126,47544],{"class":104},[1499,156128,156130],{"id":156129},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,156132,156133],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[34,156135,156137],{"className":36,"code":156136,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,156138,156139,156171],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156140,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156142,9784],{"class":49},[43,156144,98],{"class":97},[43,156146,9855],{"class":53},[43,156148,154],{"class":104},[43,156150,108],{"class":53},[43,156152,9855],{"class":53},[43,156154,201],{"class":104},[43,156156,108],{"class":53},[43,156158,1530],{"class":104},[43,156160,9852],{"class":53},[43,156162,101],{"class":53},[43,156164,159],{"class":104},[43,156166,108],{"class":53},[43,156168,5221],{"class":104},[43,156170,1547],{"class":53},[43,156172,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156174,142],{"class":141},[43,156176,145],{"class":53},[43,156178,2370],{"class":141},[43,156180,145],{"class":53},[43,156182,9823],{"class":148},[43,156184,2377],{"class":53},[14,156186,156187],{},[76,156188,349],{},[34,156190,156191],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156192,156193],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156194,156195],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156196,47244],{"class":104},[14,156198,20579],{},[389,156200,156201,156206,156211],{},[392,156202,156203,156205],{},[18,156204,154],{}," is one item",[392,156207,156208,156205],{},[18,156209,156210],{},"(2, 3)",[392,156212,156213,156205],{},[18,156214,156215],{},"[4, 5]",[81,156217,156219],{"id":156218},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1499,156221,156223],{"id":156222},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[34,156225,156227],{"className":36,"code":156226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,156228,156229,156269],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156232,13700],{"class":49},[43,156234,98],{"class":97},[43,156236,9855],{"class":53},[43,156238,265],{"class":264},[43,156240,13717],{"class":268},[43,156242,265],{"class":264},[43,156244,108],{"class":53},[43,156246,276],{"class":264},[43,156248,18077],{"class":268},[43,156250,265],{"class":264},[43,156252,108],{"class":53},[43,156254,276],{"class":264},[43,156256,13734],{"class":268},[43,156258,265],{"class":264},[43,156260,108],{"class":53},[43,156262,276],{"class":264},[43,156264,23146],{"class":268},[43,156266,265],{"class":264},[43,156268,346],{"class":53},[43,156270,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156272,142],{"class":141},[43,156274,145],{"class":53},[43,156276,2370],{"class":141},[43,156278,145],{"class":53},[43,156280,18124],{"class":148},[43,156282,2377],{"class":53},[14,156284,156285],{},[76,156286,349],{},[34,156288,156289],{"className":36,"code":49278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156290,156291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156292,156293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156294,49278],{"class":104},[1499,156296,156036],{"id":156297},"empty-tuple-1",[34,156299,156301],{"className":36,"code":156300,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,156302,156303,156311],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156304,156305,156307,156309],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156306,8398],{"class":49},[43,156308,98],{"class":97},[43,156310,149718],{"class":53},[43,156312,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156314,142],{"class":141},[43,156316,145],{"class":53},[43,156318,2370],{"class":141},[43,156320,145],{"class":53},[43,156322,8427],{"class":148},[43,156324,2377],{"class":53},[14,156326,156327],{},[76,156328,349],{},[34,156330,156331],{"className":36,"code":47879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156332,156333],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156334,156335],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156336,47879],{"class":104},[1499,156338,156340],{"id":156339},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156342,156343,156344,156346],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[76,156345,1957],{}," always a tuple.",[34,156348,156350],{"className":36,"code":156349,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,156351,156352,156364,156376,156380,156394,156408],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156353,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156355,3161],{"class":49},[43,156357,98],{"class":97},[43,156359,9855],{"class":53},[43,156361,831],{"class":104},[43,156363,346],{"class":53},[43,156365,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156367,3189],{"class":49},[43,156369,98],{"class":97},[43,156371,9855],{"class":53},[43,156373,831],{"class":104},[43,156375,149732],{"class":53},[43,156377,156378],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,156379,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,156381,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,156383,142],{"class":141},[43,156385,145],{"class":53},[43,156387,3832],{"class":3510},[43,156389,145],{"class":53},[43,156391,269],{"class":148},[43,156393,2377],{"class":53},[43,156395,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,156397,142],{"class":141},[43,156399,145],{"class":53},[43,156401,3832],{"class":3510},[43,156403,145],{"class":53},[43,156405,279],{"class":148},[43,156407,2377],{"class":53},[43,156409,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,156411,142],{"class":141},[43,156413,145],{"class":53},[43,156415,2370],{"class":141},[43,156417,145],{"class":53},[43,156419,279],{"class":148},[43,156421,2377],{"class":53},[14,156423,156424],{},[76,156425,349],{},[34,156427,156429],{"className":36,"code":156428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156430,156431,156445,156459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156432,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156434,3901],{"class":97},[43,156436,3904],{"class":2671},[43,156438,370],{"class":264},[43,156440,2795],{"class":268},[43,156442,361],{"class":264},[43,156444,3913],{"class":97},[43,156446,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156448,3901],{"class":97},[43,156450,3904],{"class":2671},[43,156452,370],{"class":264},[43,156454,49581],{"class":268},[43,156456,361],{"class":264},[43,156458,3913],{"class":97},[43,156460,156461],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,156462,47544],{"class":104},[14,156464,156465,156466,1233,156469,79],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[269,156467,156468],{"href":148379},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[269,156470,149680],{"href":149679},[1499,156472,156474],{"id":156473},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[34,156476,156478],{"className":36,"code":156477,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156479,156480,156524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156483,60099],{"class":49},[43,156485,98],{"class":97},[43,156487,9855],{"class":53},[43,156489,265],{"class":264},[43,156491,4694],{"class":268},[43,156493,265],{"class":264},[43,156495,108],{"class":53},[43,156497,101],{"class":53},[43,156499,154],{"class":104},[43,156501,108],{"class":53},[43,156503,1525],{"class":104},[43,156505,18684],{"class":53},[43,156507,9855],{"class":53},[43,156509,265],{"class":264},[43,156511,2780],{"class":268},[43,156513,265],{"class":264},[43,156515,108],{"class":53},[43,156517,276],{"class":264},[43,156519,12368],{"class":268},[43,156521,265],{"class":264},[43,156523,2377],{"class":53},[43,156525,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156527,142],{"class":141},[43,156529,145],{"class":53},[43,156531,2370],{"class":141},[43,156533,145],{"class":53},[43,156535,60152],{"class":148},[43,156537,2377],{"class":53},[14,156539,156540],{},[76,156541,349],{},[34,156543,156544],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156545,156546],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156547,156548],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156549,47244],{"class":104},[14,156551,156552,156554],{},[18,156553,2448],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[81,156556,156558],{"id":156557},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1499,156560,156562,156564],{"id":156561},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156563,2448],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[34,156566,156568],{"className":36,"code":156567,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156569,156570,156594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156571,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156573,4685],{"class":49},[43,156575,98],{"class":97},[43,156577,9855],{"class":53},[43,156579,265],{"class":264},[43,156581,64221],{"class":268},[43,156583,265],{"class":264},[43,156585,108],{"class":53},[43,156587,276],{"class":264},[43,156589,38],{"class":268},[43,156591,265],{"class":264},[43,156593,346],{"class":53},[43,156595,156596,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156597,142],{"class":141},[43,156599,145],{"class":53},[43,156601,2370],{"class":141},[43,156603,145],{"class":53},[43,156605,4729],{"class":148},[43,156607,2377],{"class":53},[14,156609,156610],{},[76,156611,349],{},[34,156613,156614],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156615,156616],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156617,156618],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156619,17678],{"class":104},[14,156621,156622,156623,156625],{},"This result is ",[18,156624,201],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156627,156628],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[34,156630,156632],{"className":36,"code":156631,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156633,156634,156658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156635,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156637,4685],{"class":49},[43,156639,98],{"class":97},[43,156641,9855],{"class":53},[43,156643,265],{"class":264},[43,156645,64221],{"class":268},[43,156647,265],{"class":264},[43,156649,108],{"class":53},[43,156651,276],{"class":264},[43,156653,38],{"class":268},[43,156655,265],{"class":264},[43,156657,346],{"class":53},[43,156659,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156661,142],{"class":141},[43,156663,145],{"class":53},[43,156665,2370],{"class":141},[43,156667,145],{"class":53},[43,156669,4729],{"class":148},[43,156671,54],{"class":53},[43,156673,1277],{"class":104},[43,156675,3608],{"class":53},[14,156677,156678],{},[76,156679,349],{},[34,156681,156682],{"className":36,"code":17678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156683,156684],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156685,156686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156687,17678],{"class":104},[14,156689,21392,156690,156693,156694,79],{},[18,156691,156692],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156695,156696],{},"\"hi\"",[1499,156698,156700,156702],{"id":156699},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156701,2448],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[34,156704,156706],{"className":36,"code":156705,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156707,156708,156744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738,156740,156742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156711,4436],{"class":49},[43,156713,98],{"class":97},[43,156715,10614],{"class":53},[43,156717,154],{"class":104},[43,156719,108],{"class":53},[43,156721,1525],{"class":104},[43,156723,9852],{"class":53},[43,156725,9855],{"class":53},[43,156727,181],{"class":104},[43,156729,108],{"class":53},[43,156731,3064],{"class":104},[43,156733,9852],{"class":53},[43,156735,9855],{"class":53},[43,156737,831],{"class":104},[43,156739,108],{"class":53},[43,156741,38271],{"class":104},[43,156743,2377],{"class":53},[43,156745,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156747,142],{"class":141},[43,156749,145],{"class":53},[43,156751,2370],{"class":141},[43,156753,145],{"class":53},[43,156755,5974],{"class":148},[43,156757,2377],{"class":53},[14,156759,156760],{},[76,156761,349],{},[34,156763,156764],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156765,156766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156767,156768],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156769,47244],{"class":104},[14,156771,156772],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1499,156774,156776],{"id":156775},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156778,26314],{},[34,156780,156782],{"className":36,"code":156781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156783,156784,156796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156785,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156787,3054],{"class":49},[43,156789,98],{"class":97},[43,156791,9855],{"class":53},[43,156793,105],{"class":104},[43,156795,346],{"class":53},[43,156797,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156799,142],{"class":141},[43,156801,145],{"class":53},[43,156803,3832],{"class":3510},[43,156805,145],{"class":53},[43,156807,3080],{"class":148},[43,156809,2377],{"class":53},[14,156811,156812],{},[76,156813,349],{},[34,156815,156817],{"className":36,"code":156816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156818,156819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156820,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156822,3901],{"class":97},[43,156824,3904],{"class":2671},[43,156826,370],{"class":264},[43,156828,2795],{"class":268},[43,156830,361],{"class":264},[43,156832,3913],{"class":97},[14,156834,156835],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[34,156837,156839],{"className":36,"code":156838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156840,156841,156853,156867],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156842,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156844,3054],{"class":49},[43,156846,98],{"class":97},[43,156848,9855],{"class":53},[43,156850,105],{"class":104},[43,156852,149732],{"class":53},[43,156854,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156856,142],{"class":141},[43,156858,145],{"class":53},[43,156860,3832],{"class":3510},[43,156862,145],{"class":53},[43,156864,3080],{"class":148},[43,156866,2377],{"class":53},[43,156868,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,156870,142],{"class":141},[43,156872,145],{"class":53},[43,156874,2370],{"class":141},[43,156876,145],{"class":53},[43,156878,3080],{"class":148},[43,156880,2377],{"class":53},[14,156882,156883],{},[76,156884,349],{},[34,156886,156888],{"className":36,"code":156887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156889,156890,156904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156891,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156893,3901],{"class":97},[43,156895,3904],{"class":2671},[43,156897,370],{"class":264},[43,156899,49581],{"class":268},[43,156901,361],{"class":264},[43,156903,3913],{"class":97},[43,156905,156906],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156907,47544],{"class":104},[1499,156909,156911,156913],{"id":156910},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156912,2370],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156915,45055,156916,156918],{},[18,156917,2370],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156920,45086],{},[34,156922,156924],{"className":36,"code":156923,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156925,156926,156934,156954],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156927,156928,156930,156932],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156929,2370],{"class":141},[43,156931,13901],{"class":97},[43,156933,3194],{"class":104},[43,156935,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156937,94],{"class":49},[43,156939,98],{"class":97},[43,156941,9855],{"class":53},[43,156943,154],{"class":104},[43,156945,108],{"class":53},[43,156947,1525],{"class":104},[43,156949,108],{"class":53},[43,156951,1530],{"class":104},[43,156953,346],{"class":53},[43,156955,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,156957,142],{"class":141},[43,156959,145],{"class":53},[43,156961,2370],{"class":141},[43,156963,145],{"class":53},[43,156965,149],{"class":148},[43,156967,2377],{"class":53},[14,156969,40281,156970,156972],{},[18,156971,2370],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156974,156975],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[34,156977,156979],{"className":36,"code":156978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156980,156981,156990,157010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156982,156983,156986,156988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156984,156985],{"class":49},"length_value ",[43,156987,98],{"class":97},[43,156989,3194],{"class":104},[43,156991,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,156993,94],{"class":49},[43,156995,98],{"class":97},[43,156997,9855],{"class":53},[43,156999,154],{"class":104},[43,157001,108],{"class":53},[43,157003,1525],{"class":104},[43,157005,108],{"class":53},[43,157007,1530],{"class":104},[43,157009,346],{"class":53},[43,157011,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157013,142],{"class":141},[43,157015,145],{"class":53},[43,157017,2370],{"class":141},[43,157019,145],{"class":53},[43,157021,149],{"class":148},[43,157023,2377],{"class":53},[14,157025,157026],{},[76,157027,349],{},[34,157029,157030],{"className":36,"code":47244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,157031,157032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157033,157034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157035,47244],{"class":104},[81,157037,157039],{"id":157038},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,157041,157042,157044],{},[18,157043,2448],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1499,157046,157048],{"id":157047},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[34,157050,157052],{"className":36,"code":157051,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,157053,157054,157062,157066,157084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157055,157056,157058,157060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157057,8398],{"class":49},[43,157059,98],{"class":97},[43,157061,149718],{"class":53},[43,157063,157064],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157065,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157069,7614],{"class":4491},[43,157071,39013],{"class":141},[43,157073,145],{"class":53},[43,157075,8427],{"class":148},[43,157077,4272],{"class":53},[43,157079,7024],{"class":97},[43,157081,4447],{"class":104},[43,157083,7009],{"class":53},[43,157085,157086,157088,157090,157092,157095,157097],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157087,8687],{"class":141},[43,157089,145],{"class":53},[43,157091,265],{"class":264},[43,157093,157094],{"class":268},"The tuple is empty",[43,157096,265],{"class":264},[43,157098,346],{"class":53},[14,157100,157101],{},[76,157102,349],{},[34,157104,157106],{"className":36,"code":157105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,157107,157108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157109,157110,157112,157114,157116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157111,1242],{"class":49},[43,157113,49581],{"class":3510},[43,157115,8715],{"class":97},[43,157117,8721],{"class":49},[1499,157119,157121],{"id":157120},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[34,157123,157125],{"className":36,"code":157124,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,157126,157127,157143,157147,157165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157128,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157130,52012],{"class":49},[43,157132,98],{"class":97},[43,157134,9855],{"class":53},[43,157136,159],{"class":104},[43,157138,108],{"class":53},[43,157140,6609],{"class":104},[43,157142,346],{"class":53},[43,157144,157145],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157146,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157148,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157150,7614],{"class":4491},[43,157152,39013],{"class":141},[43,157154,145],{"class":53},[43,157156,52037],{"class":148},[43,157158,4272],{"class":53},[43,157160,7024],{"class":97},[43,157162,1525],{"class":104},[43,157164,7009],{"class":53},[43,157166,157167,157169,157171,157173,157176,157178],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157168,8687],{"class":141},[43,157170,145],{"class":53},[43,157172,265],{"class":264},[43,157174,157175],{"class":268},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[43,157177,265],{"class":264},[43,157179,346],{"class":53},[14,157181,157182],{},[76,157183,349],{},[34,157185,157187],{"className":36,"code":157186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,157188,157189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157190,157191,157194,157196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157192,157193],{"class":49},"This looks like an x",[43,157195,108],{"class":53},[43,157197,157198],{"class":49}," y coordinate\n",[1499,157200,157202],{"id":157201},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[34,157204,157206],{"className":36,"code":157205,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,157207,157208,157237,157241,157259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157209,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157233,157235],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157211,12110],{"class":49},[43,157213,98],{"class":97},[43,157215,9855],{"class":53},[43,157217,265],{"class":264},[43,157219,13505],{"class":268},[43,157221,265],{"class":264},[43,157223,108],{"class":53},[43,157225,9925],{"class":104},[43,157227,108],{"class":53},[43,157229,276],{"class":264},[43,157231,157232],{"class":268},"Canada",[43,157234,265],{"class":264},[43,157236,346],{"class":53},[43,157238,157239],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157242,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157244,7614],{"class":4491},[43,157246,39013],{"class":141},[43,157248,145],{"class":53},[43,157250,12204],{"class":148},[43,157252,4272],{"class":53},[43,157254,7024],{"class":97},[43,157256,1530],{"class":104},[43,157258,7009],{"class":53},[43,157260,157261,157263,157265,157267,157270,157272],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157262,8687],{"class":141},[43,157264,145],{"class":53},[43,157266,265],{"class":264},[43,157268,157269],{"class":268},"User record has the expected number of values",[43,157271,265],{"class":264},[43,157273,346],{"class":53},[14,157275,157276],{},[76,157277,349],{},[34,157279,157281],{"className":36,"code":157280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,157282,157283],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157284,157285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157286,157280],{"class":49},[1499,157288,157290],{"id":157289},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[34,157292,157294],{"className":36,"code":157293,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,157295,157296,157328,157332,157352],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157297,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157299,257],{"class":49},[43,157301,98],{"class":97},[43,157303,9855],{"class":53},[43,157305,265],{"class":264},[43,157307,269],{"class":268},[43,157309,265],{"class":264},[43,157311,108],{"class":53},[43,157313,276],{"class":264},[43,157315,279],{"class":268},[43,157317,265],{"class":264},[43,157319,108],{"class":53},[43,157321,276],{"class":264},[43,157323,288],{"class":268},[43,157325,265],{"class":264},[43,157327,346],{"class":53},[43,157329,157330],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157331,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157333,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157335,6574],{"class":4491},[43,157337,70170],{"class":49},[43,157339,4498],{"class":4491},[43,157341,54698],{"class":141},[43,157343,145],{"class":53},[43,157345,2370],{"class":141},[43,157347,145],{"class":53},[43,157349,1079],{"class":148},[43,157351,70185],{"class":53},[43,157353,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157355,8687],{"class":141},[43,157357,145],{"class":53},[43,157359,36782],{"class":148},[43,157361,108],{"class":53},[43,157363,324],{"class":148},[43,157365,54],{"class":53},[43,157367,36782],{"class":148},[43,157369,1547],{"class":53},[14,157371,157372],{},[76,157373,349],{},[34,157375,157376],{"className":36,"code":36794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,157377,157378,157384,157390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157379,157380,157382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157381,1277],{"class":104},[43,157383,36803],{"class":49},[43,157385,157386,157388],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157387,154],{"class":104},[43,157389,36810],{"class":49},[43,157391,157392,157394],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157393,201],{"class":104},[43,157395,36817],{"class":49},[14,157397,157398,157399,157401,157402,79],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[269,157400,150049],{"href":150048},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[269,157403,151293],{"href":151292},[81,157405,3438],{"id":3437},[14,157407,157408],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[389,157410,157411,157419,157426,157431],{},[392,157412,157413,157414,11713,157417],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,157415,157416],{},"(5)",[18,157418,149883],{},[392,157420,2445,157421,157423,157424],{},[18,157422,2370],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,157425,2448],{},[392,157427,9071,157428,157430],{},[18,157429,2448],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[392,157432,157433],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157435,32709],{},[34,157437,157439],{"className":36,"code":157438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157440,157441,157451,157465,157479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157442,157443,157445,157447,157449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157444,142],{"class":141},[43,157446,145],{"class":53},[43,157448,148394],{"class":148},[43,157450,346],{"class":53},[43,157452,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157454,142],{"class":141},[43,157456,145],{"class":53},[43,157458,3832],{"class":3510},[43,157460,145],{"class":53},[43,157462,148394],{"class":148},[43,157464,2377],{"class":53},[43,157466,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157468,142],{"class":141},[43,157470,145],{"class":53},[43,157472,2370],{"class":141},[43,157474,145],{"class":53},[43,157476,148394],{"class":148},[43,157478,2377],{"class":53},[43,157480,157481,157483,157485,157487],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157482,32779],{"class":141},[43,157484,145],{"class":53},[43,157486,2370],{"class":141},[43,157488,346],{"class":53},[14,157490,155603],{},[389,157492,157493,157496,157499,157503],{},[392,157494,157495],{},"what value you are using",[392,157497,157498],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[392,157500,26643,157501,12328],{},[18,157502,2448],{},[392,157504,123767,157505,157507],{},[18,157506,2448],{}," is documented in Python",[81,157509,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,157511,157513],{"id":157512},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157515,230,157516,157519],{},[18,157517,157518],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1499,157521,13328,157523,149553],{"id":157522},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157524,2448],{},[14,157526,46992,157527,157529],{},[18,157528,2448],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1499,157531,157533],{"id":157532},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157535,157536,157537,79],{},"The length is ",[18,157538,1277],{},[1499,157540,157542],{"id":157541},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157544,151239,157545,157547],{},[18,157546,151242],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1499,157549,13328,157551,157553],{"id":157550},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157552,2448],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157555,157556],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[81,157558,2497],{"id":2496},[389,157560,157561,157567,157571,157575,157579],{},[392,157562,157563],{},[269,157564,4187,157565,4120],{"href":42984},[18,157566,2448],{},[392,157568,157569],{},[269,157570,156468],{"href":148379},[392,157572,157573],{},[269,157574,150049],{"href":150048},[392,157576,157577],{},[269,157578,151293],{"href":151292},[392,157580,157581],{},[269,157582,157583],{"href":149679},"What is a tuple in Python",[2536,157585,157586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":157588},[157589,157590,157591,157598,157604,157613,157619,157620,157629],{"id":15785,"depth":131,"text":15786},{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":155956,"depth":131,"text":157592,"children":157593},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157594,157595,157596,157597],{"id":155968,"depth":138,"text":155969},{"id":156035,"depth":138,"text":156036},{"id":156080,"depth":138,"text":156081},{"id":156129,"depth":138,"text":156130},{"id":156218,"depth":131,"text":156219,"children":157599},[157600,157601,157602,157603],{"id":156222,"depth":138,"text":156223},{"id":156297,"depth":138,"text":156036},{"id":156339,"depth":138,"text":156340},{"id":156473,"depth":138,"text":156474},{"id":156557,"depth":131,"text":156558,"children":157605},[157606,157608,157610,157611],{"id":156561,"depth":138,"text":157607},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156699,"depth":138,"text":157609},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156775,"depth":138,"text":156776},{"id":156910,"depth":138,"text":157612},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157038,"depth":131,"text":157039,"children":157614},[157615,157616,157617,157618],{"id":157047,"depth":138,"text":157048},{"id":157120,"depth":138,"text":157121},{"id":157201,"depth":138,"text":157202},{"id":157289,"depth":138,"text":157290},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":157621},[157622,157623,157625,157626,157627],{"id":157512,"depth":138,"text":157513},{"id":157522,"depth":138,"text":157624},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157532,"depth":138,"text":157533},{"id":157541,"depth":138,"text":157542},{"id":157550,"depth":138,"text":157628},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155740,"description":157630},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157637,"title":157638,"body":157639,"description":160024,"extension":2572,"meta":160025,"navigation":134,"path":160026,"seo":160027,"stem":160028,"__hash__":160029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157640,"toc":159985},[157641,157644,157647,157650,157673,157679,157681,157792,157796,157799,157809,157811,157910,157912,157989,157995,157999,158002,158025,158028,158045,158048,158050,158113,158115,158132,158143,158148,158150,158153,158159,158210,158212,158232,158236,158287,158289,158310,158314,158369,158371,158392,158396,158451,158453,158474,158478,158531,158533,158562,158564,158566,158569,158573,158630,158632,158653,158657,158710,158712,158737,158742,158746,158751,158769,158772,158835,158837,158858,158861,158922,158924,158945,158948,158991,158994,158998,159003,159007,159086,159088,159119,159123,159198,159200,159227,159231,159278,159280,159288,159293,159297,159300,159315,159317,159405,159407,159432,159435,159478,159487,159489,159492,159507,159510,159514,159568,159570,159590,159595,159599,159601,159639,159642,159692,159696,159769,159771,159808,159811,159813,159816,159836,159839,159908,159910,159923,159925,159929,159932,159936,159939,159944,159947,159953,159958,159960,159982],[10,157642,157638],{"id":157643},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157645,157646],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157648,157649],{},"Use this format:",[34,157651,157653],{"className":36,"code":157652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157654,157655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157658,49581],{"class":49},[43,157660,54],{"class":53},[43,157662,20],{"class":49},[43,157664,59],{"class":53},[43,157666,24],{"class":49},[43,157668,59],{"class":53},[43,157670,28],{"class":49},[43,157672,68],{"class":53},[14,157674,1242,157675,74,157677,79],{},[18,157676,24],{},[76,157678,78],{},[81,157680,84],{"id":83},[34,157682,157684],{"className":36,"code":157683,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157685,157686,157714,157718,157739,157756,157773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157687,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157689,94],{"class":49},[43,157691,98],{"class":97},[43,157693,9855],{"class":53},[43,157695,105],{"class":104},[43,157697,108],{"class":53},[43,157699,111],{"class":104},[43,157701,108],{"class":53},[43,157703,116],{"class":104},[43,157705,108],{"class":53},[43,157707,121],{"class":104},[43,157709,108],{"class":53},[43,157711,126],{"class":104},[43,157713,346],{"class":53},[43,157715,157716],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157717,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157719,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157721,142],{"class":141},[43,157723,145],{"class":53},[43,157725,149],{"class":148},[43,157727,54],{"class":53},[43,157729,154],{"class":104},[43,157731,59],{"class":53},[43,157733,159],{"class":104},[43,157735,162],{"class":53},[43,157737,157738],{"class":165},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[43,157740,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157742,142],{"class":141},[43,157744,145],{"class":53},[43,157746,149],{"class":148},[43,157748,178],{"class":53},[43,157750,181],{"class":104},[43,157752,162],{"class":53},[43,157754,157755],{"class":165},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[43,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,157759,142],{"class":141},[43,157761,145],{"class":53},[43,157763,149],{"class":148},[43,157765,198],{"class":53},[43,157767,201],{"class":104},[43,157769,162],{"class":53},[43,157771,157772],{"class":165},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[43,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,157776,142],{"class":141},[43,157778,145],{"class":53},[43,157780,149],{"class":148},[43,157782,198],{"class":53},[43,157784,220],{"class":97},[43,157786,154],{"class":104},[43,157788,162],{"class":53},[43,157790,157791],{"class":165},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[81,157793,157795],{"id":157794},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157797,157798],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[389,157800,157801,157803,157806],{},[392,157802,397],{},[392,157804,157805],{},"The result is a new tuple",[392,157807,157808],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157810,494],{},[34,157812,157814],{"className":36,"code":157813,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157815,157816,157864,157868,157886,157890,157900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157817,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157819,257],{"class":49},[43,157821,98],{"class":97},[43,157823,9855],{"class":53},[43,157825,265],{"class":264},[43,157827,269],{"class":268},[43,157829,265],{"class":264},[43,157831,108],{"class":53},[43,157833,276],{"class":264},[43,157835,279],{"class":268},[43,157837,265],{"class":264},[43,157839,108],{"class":53},[43,157841,276],{"class":264},[43,157843,288],{"class":268},[43,157845,265],{"class":264},[43,157847,108],{"class":53},[43,157849,276],{"class":264},[43,157851,297],{"class":268},[43,157853,265],{"class":264},[43,157855,108],{"class":53},[43,157857,276],{"class":264},[43,157859,306],{"class":268},[43,157861,265],{"class":264},[43,157863,346],{"class":53},[43,157865,157866],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157867,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157869,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,157871,319],{"class":49},[43,157873,98],{"class":97},[43,157875,324],{"class":49},[43,157877,54],{"class":53},[43,157879,154],{"class":104},[43,157881,59],{"class":53},[43,157883,159],{"class":104},[43,157885,68],{"class":53},[43,157887,157888],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,157889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,157891,157892,157894,157896,157898],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,157893,142],{"class":141},[43,157895,145],{"class":53},[43,157897,343],{"class":148},[43,157899,346],{"class":53},[43,157901,157902,157904,157906,157908],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,157903,142],{"class":141},[43,157905,145],{"class":53},[43,157907,1079],{"class":148},[43,157909,346],{"class":53},[14,157911,349],{},[34,157913,157915],{"className":36,"code":157914,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157916,157917,157945],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157918,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157920,145],{"class":53},[43,157922,361],{"class":264},[43,157924,279],{"class":268},[43,157926,361],{"class":264},[43,157928,108],{"class":53},[43,157930,370],{"class":264},[43,157932,288],{"class":268},[43,157934,361],{"class":264},[43,157936,108],{"class":53},[43,157938,370],{"class":264},[43,157940,297],{"class":268},[43,157942,361],{"class":264},[43,157944,346],{"class":53},[43,157946,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,157948,145],{"class":53},[43,157950,361],{"class":264},[43,157952,269],{"class":268},[43,157954,361],{"class":264},[43,157956,108],{"class":53},[43,157958,370],{"class":264},[43,157960,279],{"class":268},[43,157962,361],{"class":264},[43,157964,108],{"class":53},[43,157966,370],{"class":264},[43,157968,288],{"class":268},[43,157970,361],{"class":264},[43,157972,108],{"class":53},[43,157974,370],{"class":264},[43,157976,297],{"class":268},[43,157978,361],{"class":264},[43,157980,108],{"class":53},[43,157982,370],{"class":264},[43,157984,306],{"class":268},[43,157986,361],{"class":264},[43,157988,346],{"class":53},[14,157990,157991,157992,79],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[269,157993,148376],{"href":157994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[81,157996,157998],{"id":157997},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,158000,158001],{},"The full syntax is:",[34,158003,158005],{"className":36,"code":158004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,158006,158007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158008,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158010,148394],{"class":49},[43,158012,54],{"class":53},[43,158014,20],{"class":49},[43,158016,59],{"class":53},[43,158018,24],{"class":49},[43,158020,59],{"class":53},[43,158022,28],{"class":49},[43,158024,68],{"class":53},[14,158026,158027],{},"Each part has a job:",[389,158029,158030,158035,158040],{},[392,158031,158032,158034],{},[18,158033,20],{},": where slicing begins",[392,158036,158037,158039],{},[18,158038,24],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[392,158041,158042,158044],{},[18,158043,28],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,158046,158047],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,158049,494],{},[34,158051,158053],{"className":36,"code":158052,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,158054,158055,158087,158091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158056,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158058,94],{"class":49},[43,158060,98],{"class":97},[43,158062,9855],{"class":53},[43,158064,105],{"class":104},[43,158066,108],{"class":53},[43,158068,111],{"class":104},[43,158070,108],{"class":53},[43,158072,116],{"class":104},[43,158074,108],{"class":53},[43,158076,121],{"class":104},[43,158078,108],{"class":53},[43,158080,126],{"class":104},[43,158082,108],{"class":53},[43,158084,774],{"class":104},[43,158086,346],{"class":53},[43,158088,158089],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158090,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158094,142],{"class":141},[43,158096,145],{"class":53},[43,158098,149],{"class":148},[43,158100,54],{"class":53},[43,158102,154],{"class":104},[43,158104,59],{"class":53},[43,158106,831],{"class":104},[43,158108,59],{"class":53},[43,158110,201],{"class":104},[43,158112,1547],{"class":53},[14,158114,349],{},[34,158116,158118],{"className":36,"code":158117,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 40)\n",[18,158119,158120],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158121,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158123,145],{"class":53},[43,158125,618],{"class":104},[43,158127,108],{"class":53},[43,158129,121],{"class":104},[43,158131,346],{"class":53},[14,158133,158134,158135,158137,158138,158140,158141,79],{},"This starts at index ",[18,158136,154],{},", stops before index ",[18,158139,831],{},", and moves by ",[18,158142,201],{},[14,158144,158145,158146,79],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[269,158147,150049],{"href":153475},[81,158149,689],{"id":688},[14,158151,158152],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1499,158154,158156,158157,704],{"id":158155},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,158158,703],{},[34,158160,158162],{"className":36,"code":158161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,158163,158164,158192,158196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158165,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158167,94],{"class":49},[43,158169,98],{"class":97},[43,158171,9855],{"class":53},[43,158173,105],{"class":104},[43,158175,108],{"class":53},[43,158177,111],{"class":104},[43,158179,108],{"class":53},[43,158181,116],{"class":104},[43,158183,108],{"class":53},[43,158185,121],{"class":104},[43,158187,108],{"class":53},[43,158189,126],{"class":104},[43,158191,346],{"class":53},[43,158193,158194],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158195,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158197,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158199,142],{"class":141},[43,158201,145],{"class":53},[43,158203,149],{"class":148},[43,158205,178],{"class":53},[43,158207,181],{"class":104},[43,158209,1547],{"class":53},[14,158211,349],{},[34,158213,158214],{"className":36,"code":151741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,158215,158216],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158217,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158219,145],{"class":53},[43,158221,105],{"class":104},[43,158223,108],{"class":53},[43,158225,111],{"class":104},[43,158227,108],{"class":53},[43,158229,116],{"class":104},[43,158231,346],{"class":53},[1499,158233,158235],{"id":158234},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[34,158237,158239],{"className":36,"code":158238,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,158240,158241,158269,158273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158242,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158244,94],{"class":49},[43,158246,98],{"class":97},[43,158248,9855],{"class":53},[43,158250,105],{"class":104},[43,158252,108],{"class":53},[43,158254,111],{"class":104},[43,158256,108],{"class":53},[43,158258,116],{"class":104},[43,158260,108],{"class":53},[43,158262,121],{"class":104},[43,158264,108],{"class":53},[43,158266,126],{"class":104},[43,158268,346],{"class":53},[43,158270,158271],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158272,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158274,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158276,142],{"class":141},[43,158278,145],{"class":53},[43,158280,149],{"class":148},[43,158282,54],{"class":53},[43,158284,201],{"class":104},[43,158286,2426],{"class":53},[14,158288,349],{},[34,158290,158292],{"className":36,"code":158291,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,158293,158294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158295,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158297,145],{"class":53},[43,158299,651],{"class":104},[43,158301,108],{"class":53},[43,158303,121],{"class":104},[43,158305,108],{"class":53},[43,158307,126],{"class":104},[43,158309,346],{"class":53},[1499,158311,158313],{"id":158312},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[34,158315,158317],{"className":36,"code":158316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,158318,158319,158347,158351],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158320,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158322,94],{"class":49},[43,158324,98],{"class":97},[43,158326,9855],{"class":53},[43,158328,105],{"class":104},[43,158330,108],{"class":53},[43,158332,111],{"class":104},[43,158334,108],{"class":53},[43,158336,116],{"class":104},[43,158338,108],{"class":53},[43,158340,121],{"class":104},[43,158342,108],{"class":53},[43,158344,126],{"class":104},[43,158346,346],{"class":53},[43,158348,158349],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158350,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158352,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158354,142],{"class":141},[43,158356,145],{"class":53},[43,158358,149],{"class":148},[43,158360,54],{"class":53},[43,158362,154],{"class":104},[43,158364,59],{"class":53},[43,158366,159],{"class":104},[43,158368,1547],{"class":53},[14,158370,349],{},[34,158372,158374],{"className":36,"code":158373,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158375,158376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158377,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158379,145],{"class":53},[43,158381,618],{"class":104},[43,158383,108],{"class":53},[43,158385,116],{"class":104},[43,158387,108],{"class":53},[43,158389,121],{"class":104},[43,158391,346],{"class":53},[1499,158393,158395],{"id":158394},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[34,158397,158399],{"className":36,"code":158398,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,158400,158401,158433,158437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158404,94],{"class":49},[43,158406,98],{"class":97},[43,158408,9855],{"class":53},[43,158410,105],{"class":104},[43,158412,108],{"class":53},[43,158414,111],{"class":104},[43,158416,108],{"class":53},[43,158418,116],{"class":104},[43,158420,108],{"class":53},[43,158422,121],{"class":104},[43,158424,108],{"class":53},[43,158426,126],{"class":104},[43,158428,108],{"class":53},[43,158430,774],{"class":104},[43,158432,346],{"class":53},[43,158434,158435],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158436,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158440,142],{"class":141},[43,158442,145],{"class":53},[43,158444,149],{"class":148},[43,158446,198],{"class":53},[43,158448,201],{"class":104},[43,158450,1547],{"class":53},[14,158452,349],{},[34,158454,158456],{"className":36,"code":158455,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158457,158458],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158459,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158461,145],{"class":53},[43,158463,105],{"class":104},[43,158465,108],{"class":53},[43,158467,116],{"class":104},[43,158469,108],{"class":53},[43,158471,126],{"class":104},[43,158473,346],{"class":53},[1499,158475,158477],{"id":158476},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[34,158479,158481],{"className":36,"code":158480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158482,158483,158511,158515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158486,94],{"class":49},[43,158488,98],{"class":97},[43,158490,9855],{"class":53},[43,158492,105],{"class":104},[43,158494,108],{"class":53},[43,158496,111],{"class":104},[43,158498,108],{"class":53},[43,158500,116],{"class":104},[43,158502,108],{"class":53},[43,158504,121],{"class":104},[43,158506,108],{"class":53},[43,158508,126],{"class":104},[43,158510,346],{"class":53},[43,158512,158513],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158514,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158516,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158518,142],{"class":141},[43,158520,145],{"class":53},[43,158522,149],{"class":148},[43,158524,198],{"class":53},[43,158526,220],{"class":97},[43,158528,154],{"class":104},[43,158530,1547],{"class":53},[14,158532,349],{},[34,158534,158536],{"className":36,"code":158535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158537,158538],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158539,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158541,145],{"class":53},[43,158543,1480],{"class":104},[43,158545,108],{"class":53},[43,158547,121],{"class":104},[43,158549,108],{"class":53},[43,158551,116],{"class":104},[43,158553,108],{"class":53},[43,158555,111],{"class":104},[43,158557,108],{"class":53},[43,158559,977],{"class":104},[43,158561,346],{"class":53},[81,158563,990],{"id":989},[14,158565,154748],{},[14,158567,158568],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1499,158570,158572],{"id":158571},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[34,158574,158576],{"className":36,"code":158575,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158577,158578,158610,158614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158579,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158581,94],{"class":49},[43,158583,98],{"class":97},[43,158585,9855],{"class":53},[43,158587,105],{"class":104},[43,158589,108],{"class":53},[43,158591,111],{"class":104},[43,158593,108],{"class":53},[43,158595,116],{"class":104},[43,158597,108],{"class":53},[43,158599,121],{"class":104},[43,158601,108],{"class":53},[43,158603,126],{"class":104},[43,158605,108],{"class":53},[43,158607,774],{"class":104},[43,158609,346],{"class":53},[43,158611,158612],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158613,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158615,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158617,142],{"class":141},[43,158619,145],{"class":53},[43,158621,149],{"class":148},[43,158623,54],{"class":53},[43,158625,220],{"class":97},[43,158627,181],{"class":104},[43,158629,2426],{"class":53},[14,158631,349],{},[34,158633,158635],{"className":36,"code":158634,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158636,158637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158638,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158640,145],{"class":53},[43,158642,903],{"class":104},[43,158644,108],{"class":53},[43,158646,126],{"class":104},[43,158648,108],{"class":53},[43,158650,774],{"class":104},[43,158652,346],{"class":53},[1499,158654,158656],{"id":158655},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[34,158658,158660],{"className":36,"code":158659,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158661,158662,158690,158694],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158663,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158665,94],{"class":49},[43,158667,98],{"class":97},[43,158669,9855],{"class":53},[43,158671,105],{"class":104},[43,158673,108],{"class":53},[43,158675,111],{"class":104},[43,158677,108],{"class":53},[43,158679,116],{"class":104},[43,158681,108],{"class":53},[43,158683,121],{"class":104},[43,158685,108],{"class":53},[43,158687,126],{"class":104},[43,158689,346],{"class":53},[43,158691,158692],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158693,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158695,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158697,142],{"class":141},[43,158699,145],{"class":53},[43,158701,149],{"class":148},[43,158703,178],{"class":53},[43,158705,220],{"class":97},[43,158707,154],{"class":104},[43,158709,1547],{"class":53},[14,158711,349],{},[34,158713,158715],{"className":36,"code":158714,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158716,158717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158720,145],{"class":53},[43,158722,105],{"class":104},[43,158724,108],{"class":53},[43,158726,111],{"class":104},[43,158728,108],{"class":53},[43,158730,116],{"class":104},[43,158732,108],{"class":53},[43,158734,121],{"class":104},[43,158736,346],{"class":53},[14,158738,158739,158740,79],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[269,158741,151298],{"href":157632},[81,158743,158745],{"id":158744},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158747,1242,158748,158750],{},[18,158749,28],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[389,158752,158753,158755,158757,158763],{},[392,158754,1250],{},[392,158756,1253],{},[392,158758,158759,158762],{},[18,158760,158761],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[392,158764,158765,158766,158768],{},"A step of ",[18,158767,1277],{}," is not allowed",[14,158770,158771],{},"Example with a positive step:",[34,158773,158775],{"className":36,"code":158774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158776,158777,158809,158813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158778,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158780,94],{"class":49},[43,158782,98],{"class":97},[43,158784,9855],{"class":53},[43,158786,105],{"class":104},[43,158788,108],{"class":53},[43,158790,111],{"class":104},[43,158792,108],{"class":53},[43,158794,116],{"class":104},[43,158796,108],{"class":53},[43,158798,121],{"class":104},[43,158800,108],{"class":53},[43,158802,126],{"class":104},[43,158804,108],{"class":53},[43,158806,774],{"class":104},[43,158808,346],{"class":53},[43,158810,158811],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158812,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158814,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158816,142],{"class":141},[43,158818,145],{"class":53},[43,158820,149],{"class":148},[43,158822,54],{"class":53},[43,158824,154],{"class":104},[43,158826,59],{"class":53},[43,158828,80981],{"class":104},[43,158830,59],{"class":53},[43,158832,201],{"class":104},[43,158834,1547],{"class":53},[14,158836,349],{},[34,158838,158840],{"className":36,"code":158839,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158841,158842],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158843,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158845,145],{"class":53},[43,158847,618],{"class":104},[43,158849,108],{"class":53},[43,158851,121],{"class":104},[43,158853,108],{"class":53},[43,158855,774],{"class":104},[43,158857,346],{"class":53},[14,158859,158860],{},"Example with a negative step:",[34,158862,158864],{"className":36,"code":158863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158865,158866,158894,158898],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158867,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158869,94],{"class":49},[43,158871,98],{"class":97},[43,158873,9855],{"class":53},[43,158875,105],{"class":104},[43,158877,108],{"class":53},[43,158879,111],{"class":104},[43,158881,108],{"class":53},[43,158883,116],{"class":104},[43,158885,108],{"class":53},[43,158887,121],{"class":104},[43,158889,108],{"class":53},[43,158891,126],{"class":104},[43,158893,346],{"class":53},[43,158895,158896],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158897,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158899,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158901,142],{"class":141},[43,158903,145],{"class":53},[43,158905,149],{"class":148},[43,158907,54],{"class":53},[43,158909,159],{"class":104},[43,158911,59],{"class":53},[43,158913,154],{"class":104},[43,158915,59],{"class":53},[43,158917,220],{"class":97},[43,158919,154],{"class":104},[43,158921,1547],{"class":53},[14,158923,349],{},[34,158925,158927],{"className":36,"code":158926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158928,158929],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158930,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158932,145],{"class":53},[43,158934,1480],{"class":104},[43,158936,108],{"class":53},[43,158938,121],{"class":104},[43,158940,108],{"class":53},[43,158942,116],{"class":104},[43,158944,346],{"class":53},[14,158946,158947],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[34,158949,158951],{"className":36,"code":158950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158952,158953,158973,158977],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158954,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158956,94],{"class":49},[43,158958,98],{"class":97},[43,158960,9855],{"class":53},[43,158962,105],{"class":104},[43,158964,108],{"class":53},[43,158966,111],{"class":104},[43,158968,108],{"class":53},[43,158970,116],{"class":104},[43,158972,346],{"class":53},[43,158974,158975],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,158976,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,158978,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,158980,142],{"class":141},[43,158982,145],{"class":53},[43,158984,149],{"class":148},[43,158986,198],{"class":53},[43,158988,1277],{"class":104},[43,158990,1547],{"class":53},[14,158992,158993],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[81,158995,158997],{"id":158996},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158999,159000,159001,34369],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[76,159002,49581],{},[1499,159004,159006],{"id":159005},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[34,159008,159010],{"className":36,"code":159009,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,159011,159012,159036,159040,159058,159062,159072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159013,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159015,94],{"class":49},[43,159017,98],{"class":97},[43,159019,9855],{"class":53},[43,159021,105],{"class":104},[43,159023,108],{"class":53},[43,159025,111],{"class":104},[43,159027,108],{"class":53},[43,159029,116],{"class":104},[43,159031,108],{"class":53},[43,159033,121],{"class":104},[43,159035,346],{"class":53},[43,159037,159038],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159039,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159041,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159043,2836],{"class":49},[43,159045,98],{"class":97},[43,159047,2071],{"class":49},[43,159049,54],{"class":53},[43,159051,154],{"class":104},[43,159053,59],{"class":53},[43,159055,181],{"class":104},[43,159057,68],{"class":53},[43,159059,159060],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,159061,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159063,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,159065,142],{"class":141},[43,159067,145],{"class":53},[43,159069,2871],{"class":148},[43,159071,346],{"class":53},[43,159073,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,159075,142],{"class":141},[43,159077,145],{"class":53},[43,159079,3832],{"class":3510},[43,159081,145],{"class":53},[43,159083,2871],{"class":148},[43,159085,2377],{"class":53},[14,159087,349],{},[34,159089,159091],{"className":36,"code":159090,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,159092,159093,159105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159094,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159096,145],{"class":53},[43,159098,618],{"class":104},[43,159100,108],{"class":53},[43,159102,116],{"class":104},[43,159104,346],{"class":53},[43,159106,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159108,3901],{"class":97},[43,159110,3904],{"class":2671},[43,159112,370],{"class":264},[43,159114,49581],{"class":268},[43,159116,361],{"class":264},[43,159118,3913],{"class":97},[1499,159120,159122],{"id":159121},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[34,159124,159126],{"className":36,"code":159125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,159127,159128,159148,159152,159170,159174,159184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159129,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159131,94],{"class":49},[43,159133,98],{"class":97},[43,159135,9855],{"class":53},[43,159137,105],{"class":104},[43,159139,108],{"class":53},[43,159141,111],{"class":104},[43,159143,108],{"class":53},[43,159145,116],{"class":104},[43,159147,346],{"class":53},[43,159149,159150],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159151,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159153,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159155,2836],{"class":49},[43,159157,98],{"class":97},[43,159159,2071],{"class":49},[43,159161,54],{"class":53},[43,159163,154],{"class":104},[43,159165,59],{"class":53},[43,159167,201],{"class":104},[43,159169,68],{"class":53},[43,159171,159172],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,159173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159175,159176,159178,159180,159182],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,159177,142],{"class":141},[43,159179,145],{"class":53},[43,159181,2871],{"class":148},[43,159183,346],{"class":53},[43,159185,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,159187,142],{"class":141},[43,159189,145],{"class":53},[43,159191,3832],{"class":3510},[43,159193,145],{"class":53},[43,159195,2871],{"class":148},[43,159197,2377],{"class":53},[14,159199,349],{},[34,159201,159203],{"className":36,"code":159202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,159204,159205,159213],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159206,159207,159209,159211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159208,145],{"class":53},[43,159210,618],{"class":104},[43,159212,149732],{"class":53},[43,159214,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159216,3901],{"class":97},[43,159218,3904],{"class":2671},[43,159220,370],{"class":264},[43,159222,49581],{"class":268},[43,159224,361],{"class":264},[43,159226,3913],{"class":97},[1499,159228,159230],{"id":159229},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[34,159232,159234],{"className":36,"code":159233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,159235,159236,159256,159260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159239,94],{"class":49},[43,159241,98],{"class":97},[43,159243,9855],{"class":53},[43,159245,105],{"class":104},[43,159247,108],{"class":53},[43,159249,111],{"class":104},[43,159251,108],{"class":53},[43,159253,116],{"class":104},[43,159255,346],{"class":53},[43,159257,159258],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159259,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159261,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159263,142],{"class":141},[43,159265,145],{"class":53},[43,159267,149],{"class":148},[43,159269,54],{"class":53},[43,159271,831],{"class":104},[43,159273,59],{"class":53},[43,159275,2952],{"class":104},[43,159277,1547],{"class":53},[14,159279,349],{},[34,159281,159282],{"className":36,"code":9262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159283,159284],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159285,159286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159287,9262],{"class":53},[14,159289,159290,159291,79],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[269,159292,156468],{"href":151355},[81,159294,159296],{"id":159295},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,159298,159299],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[389,159301,159302,159304,159307,159312],{},[392,159303,1568],{},[392,159305,159306],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[392,159308,159309,159310],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,159311,2489],{},[392,159313,159314],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,159316,494],{},[34,159318,159320],{"className":36,"code":159319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,159321,159322,159342,159346,159363,159384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159323,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159325,94],{"class":49},[43,159327,98],{"class":97},[43,159329,9855],{"class":53},[43,159331,105],{"class":104},[43,159333,108],{"class":53},[43,159335,111],{"class":104},[43,159337,108],{"class":53},[43,159339,116],{"class":104},[43,159341,346],{"class":53},[43,159343,159344],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159345,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159349,142],{"class":141},[43,159351,145],{"class":53},[43,159353,149],{"class":148},[43,159355,54],{"class":53},[43,159357,154],{"class":104},[43,159359,162],{"class":53},[43,159361,159362],{"class":165},"    # one item\n",[43,159364,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,159366,142],{"class":141},[43,159368,145],{"class":53},[43,159370,149],{"class":148},[43,159372,54],{"class":53},[43,159374,154],{"class":104},[43,159376,59],{"class":53},[43,159378,831],{"class":104},[43,159380,162],{"class":53},[43,159382,159383],{"class":165},"  # slice\n",[43,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,159387,142],{"class":141},[43,159389,145],{"class":53},[43,159391,149],{"class":148},[43,159393,54],{"class":53},[43,159395,831],{"class":104},[43,159397,59],{"class":53},[43,159399,2952],{"class":104},[43,159401,162],{"class":53},[43,159403,159404],{"class":165},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159406,349],{},[34,159408,159410],{"className":36,"code":159409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,159411,159412,159416,159428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159413,159414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159415,71843],{"class":104},[43,159417,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159419,145],{"class":53},[43,159421,618],{"class":104},[43,159423,108],{"class":53},[43,159425,116],{"class":104},[43,159427,346],{"class":53},[43,159429,159430],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159431,9262],{"class":53},[14,159433,159434],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[34,159436,159438],{"className":36,"code":159437,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,159439,159440,159460,159464],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159441,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159443,94],{"class":49},[43,159445,98],{"class":97},[43,159447,9855],{"class":53},[43,159449,105],{"class":104},[43,159451,108],{"class":53},[43,159453,111],{"class":104},[43,159455,108],{"class":53},[43,159457,116],{"class":104},[43,159459,346],{"class":53},[43,159461,159462],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159463,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159465,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159467,142],{"class":141},[43,159469,145],{"class":53},[43,159471,149],{"class":148},[43,159473,54],{"class":53},[43,159475,831],{"class":104},[43,159477,1547],{"class":53},[14,159479,159480,159481,159483,159484,79],{},"This raises an ",[18,159482,2489],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[269,159485,155221],{"href":159486},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[81,159488,1841],{"id":1840},[14,159490,159491],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[389,159493,159494,159497,159499,159502],{},[392,159495,159496],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[392,159498,1854],{},[392,159500,159501],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[392,159503,159504,159505],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159506,1277],{},[14,159508,159509],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1499,159511,159513],{"id":159512},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[34,159515,159516],{"className":36,"code":158316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159517,159518,159546,159550],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159519,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542,159544],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159521,94],{"class":49},[43,159523,98],{"class":97},[43,159525,9855],{"class":53},[43,159527,105],{"class":104},[43,159529,108],{"class":53},[43,159531,111],{"class":104},[43,159533,108],{"class":53},[43,159535,116],{"class":104},[43,159537,108],{"class":53},[43,159539,121],{"class":104},[43,159541,108],{"class":53},[43,159543,126],{"class":104},[43,159545,346],{"class":53},[43,159547,159548],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159549,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159551,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159553,142],{"class":141},[43,159555,145],{"class":53},[43,159557,149],{"class":148},[43,159559,54],{"class":53},[43,159561,154],{"class":104},[43,159563,59],{"class":53},[43,159565,159],{"class":104},[43,159567,1547],{"class":53},[14,159569,349],{},[34,159571,159572],{"className":36,"code":158373,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159573,159574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159575,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159577,145],{"class":53},[43,159579,618],{"class":104},[43,159581,108],{"class":53},[43,159583,116],{"class":104},[43,159585,108],{"class":53},[43,159587,121],{"class":104},[43,159589,346],{"class":53},[14,159591,132800,159592,159594],{},[18,159593,159],{}," is not included.",[1499,159596,159598],{"id":159597},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159600,5141],{},[34,159602,159604],{"className":36,"code":159603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159605,159606,159630,159634],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159607,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159609,94],{"class":49},[43,159611,98],{"class":97},[43,159613,9855],{"class":53},[43,159615,105],{"class":104},[43,159617,108],{"class":53},[43,159619,111],{"class":104},[43,159621,108],{"class":53},[43,159623,116],{"class":104},[43,159625,108],{"class":53},[43,159627,121],{"class":104},[43,159629,346],{"class":53},[43,159631,159632],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159633,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159635,159636],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159637,159638],{"class":165},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159640,159641],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[34,159643,159644],{"className":36,"code":155301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159645,159646,159670,159674],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159649,94],{"class":49},[43,159651,98],{"class":97},[43,159653,9855],{"class":53},[43,159655,105],{"class":104},[43,159657,108],{"class":53},[43,159659,111],{"class":104},[43,159661,108],{"class":53},[43,159663,116],{"class":104},[43,159665,108],{"class":53},[43,159667,121],{"class":104},[43,159669,346],{"class":53},[43,159671,159672],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159673,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159675,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159677,142],{"class":141},[43,159679,145],{"class":53},[43,159681,149],{"class":148},[43,159683,54],{"class":53},[43,159685,154],{"class":104},[43,159687,59],{"class":53},[43,159689,181],{"class":104},[43,159691,1547],{"class":53},[1499,159693,159695],{"id":159694},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[34,159697,159699],{"className":36,"code":159698,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159700,159701,159725,159729,159744,159748,159759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159702,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159704,94],{"class":49},[43,159706,98],{"class":97},[43,159708,9855],{"class":53},[43,159710,105],{"class":104},[43,159712,108],{"class":53},[43,159714,111],{"class":104},[43,159716,108],{"class":53},[43,159718,116],{"class":104},[43,159720,108],{"class":53},[43,159722,121],{"class":104},[43,159724,346],{"class":53},[43,159726,159727],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159728,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159730,159731,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159732,159733],{"class":49},"slice_result ",[43,159735,98],{"class":97},[43,159737,2071],{"class":49},[43,159739,178],{"class":53},[43,159741,201],{"class":104},[43,159743,68],{"class":53},[43,159745,159746],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,159747,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,159749,159750,159752,159754,159757],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,159751,142],{"class":141},[43,159753,145],{"class":53},[43,159755,159756],{"class":148},"slice_result",[43,159758,346],{"class":53},[43,159760,159761,159763,159765,159767],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,159762,142],{"class":141},[43,159764,145],{"class":53},[43,159766,149],{"class":148},[43,159768,346],{"class":53},[14,159770,349],{},[34,159772,159774],{"className":36,"code":159773,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159775,159776,159788],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159777,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159779,145],{"class":53},[43,159781,105],{"class":104},[43,159783,108],{"class":53},[43,159785,111],{"class":104},[43,159787,346],{"class":53},[43,159789,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159791,145],{"class":53},[43,159793,105],{"class":104},[43,159795,108],{"class":53},[43,159797,111],{"class":104},[43,159799,108],{"class":53},[43,159801,116],{"class":104},[43,159803,108],{"class":53},[43,159805,121],{"class":104},[43,159807,346],{"class":53},[14,159809,159810],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[81,159812,114114],{"id":114113},[14,159814,159815],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[389,159817,159818,159821,159824,159830,159833],{},[392,159819,159820],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[392,159822,159823],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[392,159825,159826,159827],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159828,159829],{},"tuple[::0]",[392,159831,159832],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[392,159834,159835],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159837,159838],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[34,159840,159842],{"className":36,"code":159841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159843,159844,159854,159872,159894],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159847,142],{"class":141},[43,159849,145],{"class":53},[43,159851,148394],{"class":148},[43,159853,346],{"class":53},[43,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,159857,142],{"class":141},[43,159859,145],{"class":53},[43,159861,148394],{"class":148},[43,159863,54],{"class":53},[43,159865,154],{"class":104},[43,159867,59],{"class":53},[43,159869,159],{"class":104},[43,159871,1547],{"class":53},[43,159873,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,159875,142],{"class":141},[43,159877,145],{"class":53},[43,159879,3832],{"class":3510},[43,159881,145],{"class":53},[43,159883,148394],{"class":148},[43,159885,54],{"class":53},[43,159887,154],{"class":104},[43,159889,59],{"class":53},[43,159891,159],{"class":104},[43,159893,3608],{"class":53},[43,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,159897,142],{"class":141},[43,159899,145],{"class":53},[43,159901,2370],{"class":141},[43,159903,145],{"class":53},[43,159905,148394],{"class":148},[43,159907,2377],{"class":53},[14,159909,11791],{},[389,159911,159912,159914,159917,159920],{},[392,159913,155608],{},[392,159915,159916],{},"what the slice actually returns",[392,159918,159919],{},"that the result is a tuple",[392,159921,159922],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[81,159924,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,159926,159928],{"id":159927},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159930,159931],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1499,159933,159935],{"id":159934},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159937,159938],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1499,159940,2476,159942,2479],{"id":159941},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159943,158761],{},[14,159945,159946],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1499,159948,159950,159951,2490],{"id":159949},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159952,2489],{},[14,159954,159955,159956,79],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159957,2489],{},[81,159959,2497],{"id":2496},[389,159961,159962,159966,159970,159974,159978],{},[392,159963,159964],{},[269,159965,156468],{"href":151355},[392,159967,159968],{},[269,159969,150049],{"href":153475},[392,159971,159972],{},[269,159973,151298],{"href":157632},[392,159975,159976],{},[269,159977,148376],{"href":157994},[392,159979,159980],{},[269,159981,155221],{"href":159486},[2536,159983,159984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":159986},[159987,159988,159989,159990,159998,160002,160003,160008,160009,160014,160015,160023],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":157794,"depth":131,"text":157795},{"id":157997,"depth":131,"text":157998},{"id":688,"depth":131,"text":689,"children":159991},[159992,159994,159995,159996,159997],{"id":158155,"depth":138,"text":159993},"Get the first n items",{"id":158234,"depth":138,"text":158235},{"id":158312,"depth":138,"text":158313},{"id":158394,"depth":138,"text":158395},{"id":158476,"depth":138,"text":158477},{"id":989,"depth":131,"text":990,"children":159999},[160000,160001],{"id":158571,"depth":138,"text":158572},{"id":158655,"depth":138,"text":158656},{"id":158744,"depth":131,"text":158745},{"id":158996,"depth":131,"text":158997,"children":160004},[160005,160006,160007],{"id":159005,"depth":138,"text":159006},{"id":159121,"depth":138,"text":159122},{"id":159229,"depth":138,"text":159230},{"id":159295,"depth":131,"text":159296},{"id":1840,"depth":131,"text":1841,"children":160010},[160011,160012,160013],{"id":159512,"depth":138,"text":159513},{"id":159597,"depth":138,"text":159598},{"id":159694,"depth":138,"text":159695},{"id":114113,"depth":131,"text":114114},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":160016},[160017,160018,160019,160021],{"id":159927,"depth":138,"text":159928},{"id":159934,"depth":138,"text":159935},{"id":159941,"depth":138,"text":160020},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159949,"depth":138,"text":160022},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157638,"description":160024},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160031,"title":160032,"body":160033,"description":161856,"extension":2572,"meta":161857,"navigation":134,"path":35437,"seo":161858,"stem":161859,"__hash__":161860},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160034,"toc":161822},[160035,160040,160045,160049,160067,160070,160085,160091,160093,160150,160152,160184,160196,160202,160207,160210,160245,160251,160253,160256,160270,160273,160275,160298,160300,160318,160321,160337,160339,160342,160455,160457,160546,160549,160554,160560,160563,160566,160665,160667,160726,160731,160734,160803,160807,160839,160855,160860,160867,160874,160886,160888,160937,160939,160962,160968,161016,161021,161028,161036,161042,161045,161069,161072,161074,161150,161152,161177,161183,161186,161191,161195,161209,161211,161274,161276,161308,161311,161327,161329,161335,161342,161344,161363,161365,161383,161390,161395,161402,161404,161441,161444,161451,161455,161458,161516,161519,161522,161577,161579,161591,161597,161599,161603,161636,161643,161645,161708,161711,161713,161718,161732,161739,161747,161756,161765,161771,161777,161779,161819],[10,160036,4187,160038,4191],{"id":160037},"python-type-function-explained",[18,160039,2909],{},[14,160041,32944,160042,160044],{},[18,160043,2909],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,160046,63392,160047,104958],{},[18,160048,2909],{},[389,160050,160051,160054,160057,160060],{},[392,160052,160053],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[392,160055,160056],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[392,160058,160059],{},"debug confusing code",[392,160061,160062,160063],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[269,160064,160065],{"href":8838},[18,160066,3567],{},[14,160068,160069],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[34,160071,160073],{"className":36,"code":160072,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"type(object)\n",[18,160074,160075],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160076,160077,160079,160081,160083],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160078,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160080,145],{"class":53},[43,160082,43024],{"class":3510},[43,160084,346],{"class":53},[14,160086,160087,160088,160090],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,160089,2909],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[81,160092,4221],{"id":4220},[34,160094,160096],{"className":36,"code":160095,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160097,160098,160110,160124,160128,160136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160101,8494],{"class":49},[43,160103,98],{"class":97},[43,160105,276],{"class":264},[43,160107,5619],{"class":268},[43,160109,3969],{"class":264},[43,160111,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160113,142],{"class":141},[43,160115,145],{"class":53},[43,160117,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160119,145],{"class":53},[43,160121,8286],{"class":148},[43,160123,2377],{"class":53},[43,160125,160126],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160127,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160129,160130,160132,160134],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160131,2823],{"class":49},[43,160133,98],{"class":97},[43,160135,3194],{"class":104},[43,160137,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,160139,142],{"class":141},[43,160141,145],{"class":53},[43,160143,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160145,145],{"class":53},[43,160147,2846],{"class":148},[43,160149,2377],{"class":53},[14,160151,349],{},[34,160153,160154],{"className":36,"code":125461,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160155,160156,160170],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160157,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160159,3901],{"class":97},[43,160161,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160163,370],{"class":264},[43,160165,4054],{"class":268},[43,160167,361],{"class":264},[43,160169,3913],{"class":97},[43,160171,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160173,3901],{"class":97},[43,160175,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160177,370],{"class":264},[43,160179,2795],{"class":268},[43,160181,361],{"class":264},[43,160183,3913],{"class":97},[14,160185,230,160186,160189,160190,1233,160193,79],{},[18,160187,160188],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,160191,160192],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,160194,160195],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[81,160197,13621,160199,160201],{"id":160198},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,160200,2909],{}," function does",[14,160203,160204,160206],{},[18,160205,2909],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,160208,160209],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[389,160211,160212,160217,160222,160227,160232,160237],{},[392,160213,160214,160216],{},[18,160215,4054],{}," for text",[392,160218,160219,160221],{},[18,160220,2795],{}," for whole numbers",[392,160223,160224,160226],{},[18,160225,2798],{}," for decimal numbers",[392,160228,160229,160231],{},[18,160230,8712],{}," for lists",[392,160233,160234,160236],{},[18,160235,9440],{}," for dictionaries",[392,160238,160239,69719,160241,1233,160243],{},[18,160240,4482],{},[18,160242,4216],{},[18,160244,4285],{},[14,160246,160247,160248,160250],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,160249,2909],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[81,160252,2763],{"id":2762},[14,160254,160255],{},"The main beginner form is:",[34,160257,160258],{"className":36,"code":160072,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160259,160260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160261,160262,160264,160266,160268],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160263,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160265,145],{"class":53},[43,160267,43024],{"class":3510},[43,160269,346],{"class":53},[14,160271,160272],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,160274,494],{},[34,160276,160278],{"className":36,"code":160277,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,160279,160280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160281,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160283,142],{"class":141},[43,160285,145],{"class":53},[43,160287,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160289,145],{"class":53},[43,160291,265],{"class":264},[43,160293,4459],{"class":268},[43,160295,265],{"class":264},[43,160297,2377],{"class":53},[14,160299,349],{},[34,160301,160302],{"className":36,"code":46397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160303,160304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160307,3901],{"class":97},[43,160309,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160311,370],{"class":264},[43,160313,4054],{"class":268},[43,160315,361],{"class":264},[43,160317,3913],{"class":97},[14,160319,160320],{},"You can pass either:",[389,160322,160323,160330],{},[392,160324,160325,160326,3486,160328],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,160327,65160],{},[18,160329,47153],{},[392,160331,160332,160333,3486,160335],{},"a variable such as ",[18,160334,8286],{},[18,160336,9918],{},[81,160338,122273],{"id":122272},[14,160340,160341],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[34,160343,160345],{"className":36,"code":160344,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,160346,160347,160365,160379,160393,160415,160441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160348,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160350,142],{"class":141},[43,160352,145],{"class":53},[43,160354,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160356,145],{"class":53},[43,160358,265],{"class":264},[43,160360,4459],{"class":268},[43,160362,265],{"class":264},[43,160364,2377],{"class":53},[43,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160368,142],{"class":141},[43,160370,145],{"class":53},[43,160372,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160374,145],{"class":53},[43,160376,105],{"class":104},[43,160378,2377],{"class":53},[43,160380,160381,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160382,142],{"class":141},[43,160384,145],{"class":53},[43,160386,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160388,145],{"class":53},[43,160390,40770],{"class":104},[43,160392,2377],{"class":53},[43,160394,160395,160397,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411,160413],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160396,142],{"class":141},[43,160398,145],{"class":53},[43,160400,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160402,3595],{"class":53},[43,160404,154],{"class":104},[43,160406,108],{"class":53},[43,160408,1525],{"class":104},[43,160410,108],{"class":53},[43,160412,1530],{"class":104},[43,160414,3608],{"class":53},[43,160416,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,160418,142],{"class":141},[43,160420,145],{"class":53},[43,160422,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160424,6145],{"class":53},[43,160426,265],{"class":264},[43,160428,8286],{"class":268},[43,160430,265],{"class":264},[43,160432,59],{"class":53},[43,160434,276],{"class":264},[43,160436,5619],{"class":268},[43,160438,265],{"class":264},[43,160440,6154],{"class":53},[43,160442,160443,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,160444,142],{"class":141},[43,160446,145],{"class":53},[43,160448,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160450,145],{"class":53},[43,160452,4216],{"class":4466},[43,160454,2377],{"class":53},[14,160456,349],{},[34,160458,160460],{"className":36,"code":160459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160461,160462,160476,160490,160504,160518,160532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160463,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472,160474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160465,3901],{"class":97},[43,160467,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160469,370],{"class":264},[43,160471,4054],{"class":268},[43,160473,361],{"class":264},[43,160475,3913],{"class":97},[43,160477,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160479,3901],{"class":97},[43,160481,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160483,370],{"class":264},[43,160485,2795],{"class":268},[43,160487,361],{"class":264},[43,160489,3913],{"class":97},[43,160491,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160493,3901],{"class":97},[43,160495,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160497,370],{"class":264},[43,160499,2798],{"class":268},[43,160501,361],{"class":264},[43,160503,3913],{"class":97},[43,160505,160506,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160507,3901],{"class":97},[43,160509,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160511,370],{"class":264},[43,160513,8712],{"class":268},[43,160515,361],{"class":264},[43,160517,3913],{"class":97},[43,160519,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528,160530],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,160521,3901],{"class":97},[43,160523,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160525,370],{"class":264},[43,160527,9440],{"class":268},[43,160529,361],{"class":264},[43,160531,3913],{"class":97},[43,160533,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,160535,3901],{"class":97},[43,160537,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160539,370],{"class":264},[43,160541,4482],{"class":268},[43,160543,361],{"class":264},[43,160545,3913],{"class":97},[14,160547,160548],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160550,160551,160552,79],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[269,160553,45424],{"href":49606},[81,160555,2445,160557,160559],{"id":160556},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160558,2909],{}," with variables",[14,160561,160562],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160564,160565],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[34,160567,160569],{"className":36,"code":160568,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160570,160571,160579,160597,160601,160613,160631,160635,160647],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160572,160573,160575,160577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160574,3054],{"class":49},[43,160576,98],{"class":97},[43,160578,3194],{"class":104},[43,160580,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160582,142],{"class":141},[43,160584,145],{"class":53},[43,160586,3080],{"class":148},[43,160588,108],{"class":53},[43,160590,50018],{"class":3510},[43,160592,145],{"class":53},[43,160594,3080],{"class":148},[43,160596,2377],{"class":53},[43,160598,160599],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160600,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160602,160603,160605,160607,160609,160611],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160604,3054],{"class":49},[43,160606,98],{"class":97},[43,160608,276],{"class":264},[43,160610,46534],{"class":268},[43,160612,3969],{"class":264},[43,160614,160615,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,160616,142],{"class":141},[43,160618,145],{"class":53},[43,160620,3080],{"class":148},[43,160622,108],{"class":53},[43,160624,50018],{"class":3510},[43,160626,145],{"class":53},[43,160628,3080],{"class":148},[43,160630,2377],{"class":53},[43,160632,160633],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,160634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160636,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,160638,3054],{"class":49},[43,160640,98],{"class":97},[43,160642,101],{"class":53},[43,160644,105],{"class":104},[43,160646,68],{"class":53},[43,160648,160649,160651,160653,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663],{"class":45,"line":7041},[43,160650,142],{"class":141},[43,160652,145],{"class":53},[43,160654,3080],{"class":148},[43,160656,108],{"class":53},[43,160658,50018],{"class":3510},[43,160660,145],{"class":53},[43,160662,3080],{"class":148},[43,160664,2377],{"class":53},[14,160666,349],{},[34,160668,160670],{"className":36,"code":160669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160671,160672,160689,160706],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160673,160674,160676,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160675,105],{"class":104},[43,160677,160678],{"class":97}," \u003C",[43,160680,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160682,370],{"class":264},[43,160684,2795],{"class":268},[43,160686,361],{"class":264},[43,160688,3913],{"class":97},[43,160690,160691,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160692,160693],{"class":49},"ten ",[43,160695,3901],{"class":97},[43,160697,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160699,370],{"class":264},[43,160701,4054],{"class":268},[43,160703,361],{"class":264},[43,160705,3913],{"class":97},[43,160707,160708,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160709,54],{"class":53},[43,160711,105],{"class":104},[43,160713,13898],{"class":53},[43,160715,160678],{"class":97},[43,160717,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160719,370],{"class":264},[43,160721,8712],{"class":268},[43,160723,361],{"class":264},[43,160725,3913],{"class":97},[14,160727,160728,160730],{},[18,160729,2909],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160732,160733],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[34,160735,160737],{"className":36,"code":160736,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160738,160739,160757,160771,160775,160789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160740,160741,160743,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160742,4002],{"class":49},[43,160744,98],{"class":97},[43,160746,8861],{"class":141},[43,160748,145],{"class":53},[43,160750,265],{"class":264},[43,160752,42497],{"class":268},[43,160754,265],{"class":264},[43,160756,346],{"class":53},[43,160758,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160760,142],{"class":141},[43,160762,145],{"class":53},[43,160764,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160766,145],{"class":53},[43,160768,4028],{"class":148},[43,160770,2377],{"class":53},[43,160772,160773],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160774,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160778,123385],{"class":49},[43,160780,98],{"class":97},[43,160782,45903],{"class":3510},[43,160784,145],{"class":53},[43,160786,4028],{"class":148},[43,160788,346],{"class":53},[43,160790,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,160792,142],{"class":141},[43,160794,145],{"class":53},[43,160796,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160798,145],{"class":53},[43,160800,123408],{"class":148},[43,160802,2377],{"class":53},[14,160804,41746,160805,41750],{},[18,160806,9812],{},[34,160808,160809],{"className":36,"code":125461,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160810,160811,160825],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160814,3901],{"class":97},[43,160816,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160818,370],{"class":264},[43,160820,4054],{"class":268},[43,160822,361],{"class":264},[43,160824,3913],{"class":97},[43,160826,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160828,3901],{"class":97},[43,160830,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160832,370],{"class":264},[43,160834,2795],{"class":268},[43,160836,361],{"class":264},[43,160838,3913],{"class":97},[14,160840,46330,160841,160845,160846,3486,160850,160854],{},[269,160842,160843],{"href":8838},[18,160844,3567],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[269,160847,160848],{"href":3482},[18,160849,3485],{},[269,160851,160852],{"href":3489},[18,160853,3492],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160856,160857,160858,79],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[269,160859,9599],{"href":9598},[81,160861,160863,11205,160865],{"id":160862},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160864,2909],{},[18,160866,45432],{},[14,160868,160869,1233,160871,160873],{},[18,160870,2909],{},[18,160872,45432],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[389,160875,160876,160881],{},[392,160877,160878,160880],{},[18,160879,2909],{}," tells you the exact type",[392,160882,160883,160885],{},[18,160884,45432],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160887,494],{},[34,160889,160891],{"className":36,"code":160890,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160892,160893,160901,160905,160919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160894,160895,160897,160899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160896,3054],{"class":49},[43,160898,98],{"class":97},[43,160900,35471],{"class":104},[43,160902,160903],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160904,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160906,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160908,142],{"class":141},[43,160910,145],{"class":53},[43,160912,3832],{"class":3510},[43,160914,145],{"class":53},[43,160916,3080],{"class":148},[43,160918,2377],{"class":53},[43,160920,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,160922,142],{"class":141},[43,160924,145],{"class":53},[43,160926,49503],{"class":141},[43,160928,145],{"class":53},[43,160930,3080],{"class":148},[43,160932,108],{"class":53},[43,160934,45903],{"class":3510},[43,160936,2377],{"class":53},[14,160938,349],{},[34,160940,160942],{"className":36,"code":160941,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160943,160944,160958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160945,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160947,3901],{"class":97},[43,160949,3904],{"class":2671},[43,160951,370],{"class":264},[43,160953,2795],{"class":268},[43,160955,361],{"class":264},[43,160957,3913],{"class":97},[43,160959,160960],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160961,4594],{"class":4466},[14,160963,160964,160965,160967],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160966,45432],{}," is more practical.",[34,160969,160971],{"className":36,"code":160970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160972,160973,160981,160985,161001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160974,160975,160977,160979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160976,3054],{"class":49},[43,160978,98],{"class":97},[43,160980,35471],{"class":104},[43,160982,160983],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,160984,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,160986,160987,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,160988,7614],{"class":4491},[43,160990,50241],{"class":141},[43,160992,145],{"class":53},[43,160994,3080],{"class":148},[43,160996,108],{"class":53},[43,160998,45903],{"class":3510},[43,161000,8960],{"class":53},[43,161002,161003,161005,161007,161009,161012,161014],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161004,8687],{"class":141},[43,161006,145],{"class":53},[43,161008,265],{"class":264},[43,161010,161011],{"class":268},"This is an integer",[43,161013,265],{"class":264},[43,161015,346],{"class":53},[14,161017,230,161018,161020],{},[18,161019,2909],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,161022,230,161023,161025,161026,7789],{},[18,161024,45432],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,161027,7614],{},[14,161029,161030,161031,79],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[269,161032,4187,161034,4120],{"href":161033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,161035,45432],{},[81,161037,161039,161040],{"id":161038},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,161041,2909],{},[14,161043,161044],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[34,161046,161048],{"className":36,"code":161047,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,161049,161050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161051,161052,161054,161056,161058,161060,161063,161065,161067],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161053,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161055,145],{"class":53},[43,161057,8286],{"class":148},[43,161059,108],{"class":53},[43,161061,161062],{"class":148}," bases",[43,161064,108],{"class":53},[43,161066,9789],{"class":3510},[43,161068,346],{"class":53},[14,161070,161071],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,161073,494],{},[34,161075,161077],{"className":36,"code":161076,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,161078,161079,161122,161126,161136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161080,161081,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161095,161097,161099,161102,161104,161106,161109,161111,161113,161115,161118,161120],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161082,161083],{"class":49},"Person ",[43,161085,98],{"class":97},[43,161087,50018],{"class":3510},[43,161089,145],{"class":53},[43,161091,265],{"class":264},[43,161093,161094],{"class":268},"Person",[43,161096,265],{"class":264},[43,161098,108],{"class":53},[43,161100,161101],{"class":53}," (),",[43,161103,11110],{"class":53},[43,161105,265],{"class":264},[43,161107,161108],{"class":268},"species",[43,161110,265],{"class":264},[43,161112,59],{"class":53},[43,161114,276],{"class":264},[43,161116,161117],{"class":268},"human",[43,161119,265],{"class":264},[43,161121,31122],{"class":53},[43,161123,161124],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161125,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,161127,161128,161130,161132,161134],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161129,142],{"class":141},[43,161131,145],{"class":53},[43,161133,161094],{"class":148},[43,161135,346],{"class":53},[43,161137,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161139,142],{"class":141},[43,161141,145],{"class":53},[43,161143,161094],{"class":148},[43,161145,79],{"class":53},[43,161147,161108],{"class":25373},[43,161149,346],{"class":53},[14,161151,349],{},[34,161153,161155],{"className":36,"code":161154,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,161156,161157,161172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161158,161159,161161,161163,161165,161168,161170],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161160,3901],{"class":97},[43,161162,3904],{"class":2671},[43,161164,370],{"class":264},[43,161166,161167],{"class":268},"__main__.Person",[43,161169,361],{"class":264},[43,161171,3913],{"class":97},[43,161173,161174],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161175,161176],{"class":49},"human\n",[14,161178,161179,161180,161182],{},"Most beginners do ",[76,161181,1957],{}," need this form.",[14,161184,161185],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[81,161187,5576,161189],{"id":161188},"when-to-use-type",[18,161190,2909],{},[14,161192,161193,13068],{},[18,161194,2909],{},[389,161196,161197,161200,161203,161206],{},[392,161198,161199],{},"debug unexpected values",[392,161201,161202],{},"check what a conversion produced",[392,161204,161205],{},"learn Python data types",[392,161207,161208],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,161210,996],{},[34,161212,161214],{"className":36,"code":161213,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,161215,161216,161228,161242,161246,161260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161217,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161219,35316],{"class":49},[43,161221,98],{"class":97},[43,161223,276],{"class":264},[43,161225,50874],{"class":268},[43,161227,3969],{"class":264},[43,161229,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161231,2823],{"class":49},[43,161233,98],{"class":97},[43,161235,45903],{"class":3510},[43,161237,145],{"class":53},[43,161239,35337],{"class":148},[43,161241,346],{"class":53},[43,161243,161244],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,161247,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161249,142],{"class":141},[43,161251,145],{"class":53},[43,161253,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161255,145],{"class":53},[43,161257,35337],{"class":148},[43,161259,2377],{"class":53},[43,161261,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161272],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,161263,142],{"class":141},[43,161265,145],{"class":53},[43,161267,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161269,145],{"class":53},[43,161271,2846],{"class":148},[43,161273,2377],{"class":53},[14,161275,349],{},[34,161277,161278],{"className":36,"code":125461,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,161279,161280,161294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161281,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161283,3901],{"class":97},[43,161285,3904],{"class":2671},[43,161287,370],{"class":264},[43,161289,4054],{"class":268},[43,161291,361],{"class":264},[43,161293,3913],{"class":97},[43,161295,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161297,3901],{"class":97},[43,161299,3904],{"class":2671},[43,161301,370],{"class":264},[43,161303,2795],{"class":268},[43,161305,361],{"class":264},[43,161307,3913],{"class":97},[14,161309,161310],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,161312,161313,161314,21,161318,25,161322,161326],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[269,161315,161316],{"href":42801},[18,161317,48311],{},[269,161319,161320],{"href":3482},[18,161321,3485],{},[269,161323,161324],{"href":3489},[18,161325,3492],{}," are often the next step.",[81,161328,25981],{"id":25980},[14,161330,161331,161332,161334],{},"A few things about ",[18,161333,2909],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1499,161336,161338,161341],{"id":161337},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,161339,161340],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161343,65269],{},[34,161345,161347],{"className":36,"code":161346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(5))\n",[18,161348,161349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161350,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161352,142],{"class":141},[43,161354,145],{"class":53},[43,161356,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161358,145],{"class":53},[43,161360,831],{"class":104},[43,161362,2377],{"class":53},[14,161364,123304],{},[34,161366,161367],{"className":36,"code":156816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,161368,161369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161370,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161372,3901],{"class":97},[43,161374,3904],{"class":2671},[43,161376,370],{"class":264},[43,161378,2795],{"class":268},[43,161380,361],{"class":264},[43,161382,3913],{"class":97},[14,161384,1954,161385,161387,161388,79],{},[76,161386,1957],{}," print just ",[18,161389,2795],{},[14,161391,7293,161392,161394],{},[18,161393,2909],{}," returns a class object.",[1499,161396,161398,3004,161400],{"id":161397},"input-returns-str",[18,161399,3567],{},[18,161401,4054],{},[14,161403,79929],{},[34,161405,161407],{"className":36,"code":161406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,161408,161409,161427],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161410,161411,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161412,3054],{"class":49},[43,161414,98],{"class":97},[43,161416,8861],{"class":141},[43,161418,145],{"class":53},[43,161420,265],{"class":264},[43,161422,46937],{"class":268},[43,161424,265],{"class":264},[43,161426,346],{"class":53},[43,161428,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161430,142],{"class":141},[43,161432,145],{"class":53},[43,161434,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161436,145],{"class":53},[43,161438,3080],{"class":148},[43,161440,2377],{"class":53},[14,161442,161443],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161445,161446,161447,3486,161449,79],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161448,3485],{},[18,161450,3492],{},[1499,161452,161454],{"id":161453},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161456,161457],{},"Avoid code like this:",[34,161459,161461],{"className":36,"code":161460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161462,161463,161471,161475,161501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161464,161465,161467,161469],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161466,3054],{"class":49},[43,161468,98],{"class":97},[43,161470,35471],{"class":104},[43,161472,161473],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161474,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,161476,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161478,7614],{"class":4491},[43,161480,49532],{"class":3510},[43,161482,145],{"class":53},[43,161484,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161486,145],{"class":53},[43,161488,3080],{"class":148},[43,161490,5977],{"class":53},[43,161492,7024],{"class":97},[43,161494,276],{"class":264},[43,161496,160195],{"class":268},[43,161498,265],{"class":264},[43,161500,7009],{"class":53},[43,161502,161503,161505,161507,161509,161512,161514],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161504,8687],{"class":141},[43,161506,145],{"class":53},[43,161508,265],{"class":264},[43,161510,161511],{"class":268},"It is an int",[43,161513,265],{"class":264},[43,161515,346],{"class":53},[14,161517,161518],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161520,161521],{},"Better options:",[34,161523,161525],{"className":36,"code":161524,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161526,161527,161535,161539,161559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161528,161529,161531,161533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161530,3054],{"class":49},[43,161532,98],{"class":97},[43,161534,35471],{"class":104},[43,161536,161537],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161538,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,161540,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161542,142],{"class":141},[43,161544,145],{"class":53},[43,161546,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161548,145],{"class":53},[43,161550,3080],{"class":148},[43,161552,4272],{"class":53},[43,161554,7024],{"class":97},[43,161556,45903],{"class":3510},[43,161558,346],{"class":53},[43,161560,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161562,142],{"class":141},[43,161564,145],{"class":53},[43,161566,49503],{"class":141},[43,161568,145],{"class":53},[43,161570,3080],{"class":148},[43,161572,108],{"class":53},[43,161574,45903],{"class":3510},[43,161576,2377],{"class":53},[14,161578,349],{},[34,161580,161581],{"className":36,"code":5120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,161582,161583,161587],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161584,161585],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161586,4594],{"class":4466},[43,161588,161589],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161590,4594],{"class":4466},[14,161592,161593,161594,161596],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161595,45432],{}," is the more useful check.",[81,161598,3438],{"id":3437},[14,161600,15358,161601,59],{},[18,161602,2909],{},[389,161604,161605,161615,161624,161633],{},[392,161606,2445,161607,161609,161610,161614],{},[18,161608,2909],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[269,161611,161612],{"href":8838},[18,161613,3567],{}," always returns a string",[392,161616,9071,161617,161619,161620,11713,161622],{},[18,161618,2909],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161621,2795],{},[18,161623,160195],{},[392,161625,2445,161626,45256,161629,161632],{},[18,161627,161628],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161630,161631],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[392,161634,161635],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161637,161638,161639,79],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[269,161640,161642],{"href":161641},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161644,144970],{},[34,161646,161648],{"className":36,"code":161647,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161649,161650,161664,161674,161688,161698],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161651,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161653,142],{"class":141},[43,161655,145],{"class":53},[43,161657,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161659,145],{"class":53},[43,161661,3080],{"class":148},[43,161663,2377],{"class":53},[43,161665,161666,161668,161670,161672],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161667,142],{"class":141},[43,161669,145],{"class":53},[43,161671,3080],{"class":148},[43,161673,346],{"class":53},[43,161675,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161677,142],{"class":141},[43,161679,145],{"class":53},[43,161681,42405],{"class":141},[43,161683,145],{"class":53},[43,161685,3080],{"class":148},[43,161687,2377],{"class":53},[43,161689,161690,161692,161694,161696],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161691,32779],{"class":141},[43,161693,145],{"class":53},[43,161695,3832],{"class":3510},[43,161697,346],{"class":53},[43,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,161701,35000],{"class":141},[43,161703,145],{"class":53},[43,161705,3080],{"class":148},[43,161707,346],{"class":53},[14,161709,161710],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[81,161712,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,161714,2476,161716,5759],{"id":161715},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161717,2909],{},[14,161719,161720,161721,21,161723,21,161725,2799,161727,161729,161730,79],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161722,4054],{},[18,161724,2795],{},[18,161726,8712],{},[18,161728,9440],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161731,160192],{},[1499,161733,15527,161735,57832,161737,2490],{"id":161734},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161736,2909],{},[18,161738,45432],{},[14,161740,46992,161741,161743,161744,161746],{},[18,161742,2909],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161745,45432],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1499,161748,5772,161750,161753,161754,2490],{"id":161749},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161751,161752],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161755,4054],{},[14,161757,29686,161758,161760,161761,3486,161763,160854],{},[18,161759,3567],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161762,3485],{},[18,161764,3492],{},[1499,161766,5784,161768,161770],{"id":161767},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161769,2909],{}," create classes?",[14,161772,161773,161774,79],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161775,161776],{},"type(object)",[81,161778,2497],{"id":2496},[389,161780,161781,161785,161791,161797,161801,161807,161813],{},[392,161782,161783],{},[269,161784,45424],{"href":49606},[392,161786,161787],{},[269,161788,4187,161789,4120],{"href":161033},[18,161790,45432],{},[392,161792,161793],{},[269,161794,4187,161795,4120],{"href":8838},[18,161796,3567],{},[392,161798,161799],{},[269,161800,9676],{"href":9598},[392,161802,161803],{},[269,161804,4187,161805,4120],{"href":3482},[18,161806,3485],{},[392,161808,161809],{},[269,161810,4187,161811,4120],{"href":3489},[18,161812,3492],{},[392,161814,161815],{},[269,161816,4187,161817,4120],{"href":42801},[18,161818,48311],{},[2536,161820,161821],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":161823},[161824,161825,161827,161828,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161844,161845,161855],{"id":4220,"depth":131,"text":4221},{"id":160198,"depth":131,"text":161826},"What the type() function does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":122272,"depth":131,"text":122273},{"id":160556,"depth":131,"text":161830},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160862,"depth":131,"text":161832},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161038,"depth":131,"text":161834},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161188,"depth":131,"text":161836},"When to use type()",{"id":25980,"depth":131,"text":25981,"children":161838},[161839,161841,161843],{"id":161337,"depth":138,"text":161840},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161397,"depth":138,"text":161842},"input() returns str",{"id":161453,"depth":138,"text":161454},{"id":3437,"depth":131,"text":3438},{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":161846},[161847,161849,161851,161853],{"id":161715,"depth":138,"text":161848},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161734,"depth":138,"text":161850},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161749,"depth":138,"text":161852},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161767,"depth":138,"text":161854},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160032,"description":161856},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161862,"title":161863,"body":161864,"description":164343,"extension":2572,"meta":164344,"navigation":134,"path":164345,"seo":164346,"stem":164347,"__hash__":164348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161865,"toc":164300},[161866,161871,161876,161885,161887,161987,161989,162014,162019,162024,162040,162043,162045,162047,162072,162075,162078,162161,162163,162212,162215,162337,162339,162412,162416,162419,162533,162535,162561,162563,162584,162589,162593,162598,162601,162705,162707,162724,162733,162736,162823,162825,162836,162841,162847,162852,162858,162861,162954,162956,163005,163011,163014,163115,163117,163170,163175,163179,163182,163281,163283,163322,163325,163330,163332,163337,163341,163454,163458,163555,163559,163647,163649,163666,163670,163793,163799,163805,163811,163816,163819,163846,163850,163852,163946,163949,163953,163956,164043,164046,164081,164083,164120,164123,164131,164136,164141,164215,164222,164224,164229,164232,164238,164241,164247,164252,164258,164263,164267,164270,164272,164297],[10,161867,4187,161869,4191],{"id":161868},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161870,64945],{},[14,161872,161873,161875],{},[18,161874,64945],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161877,161878,161879,161881,161882,161884],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161880,64945],{}," inside a ",[18,161883,6574],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[81,161886,84],{"id":83},[34,161888,161890],{"className":36,"code":161889,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161891,161892,161924,161944,161948,161973],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161893,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161895,5610],{"class":49},[43,161897,98],{"class":97},[43,161899,101],{"class":53},[43,161901,265],{"class":264},[43,161903,13505],{"class":268},[43,161905,265],{"class":264},[43,161907,108],{"class":53},[43,161909,276],{"class":264},[43,161911,36571],{"class":268},[43,161913,265],{"class":264},[43,161915,108],{"class":53},[43,161917,276],{"class":264},[43,161919,36580],{"class":268},[43,161921,265],{"class":264},[43,161923,68],{"class":53},[43,161925,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,161927,5679],{"class":49},[43,161929,98],{"class":97},[43,161931,101],{"class":53},[43,161933,14127],{"class":104},[43,161935,108],{"class":53},[43,161937,14132],{"class":104},[43,161939,108],{"class":53},[43,161941,29545],{"class":104},[43,161943,68],{"class":53},[43,161945,161946],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,161947,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,161951,6574],{"class":4491},[43,161953,36622],{"class":49},[43,161955,108],{"class":53},[43,161957,5720],{"class":49},[43,161959,4498],{"class":4491},[43,161961,161962],{"class":141}," zip",[43,161964,145],{"class":53},[43,161966,5654],{"class":148},[43,161968,108],{"class":53},[43,161970,5725],{"class":148},[43,161972,8960],{"class":53},[43,161974,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,161976,8687],{"class":141},[43,161978,145],{"class":53},[43,161980,8286],{"class":148},[43,161982,108],{"class":53},[43,161984,131250],{"class":148},[43,161986,346],{"class":53},[14,161988,349],{},[34,161990,161992],{"className":36,"code":161991,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161993,161994,162000,162007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161995,161996,161998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161997,134269],{"class":49},[43,161999,33763],{"class":104},[43,162001,162002,162005],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162003,162004],{"class":49},"Ben ",[43,162006,33768],{"class":104},[43,162008,162009,162012],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162010,162011],{"class":49},"Cara ",[43,162013,33773],{"class":104},[14,162015,230,162016,162018],{},[18,162017,64945],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[81,162020,4289,162022,4292],{"id":162021},"what-zip-does",[18,162023,64945],{},[389,162025,162026,162031,162034,162037],{},[392,162027,162028,162030],{},[18,162029,64945],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[392,162032,162033],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[392,162035,162036],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[392,162038,162039],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,162041,162042],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[81,162044,2763],{"id":2762},[14,162046,7835],{},[34,162048,162050],{"className":36,"code":162049,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,162051,162052],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162053,162054,162056,162058,162061,162063,162066,162068,162070],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162055,65015],{"class":141},[43,162057,145],{"class":53},[43,162059,162060],{"class":148},"iterable1",[43,162062,108],{"class":53},[43,162064,162065],{"class":148}," iterable2",[43,162067,108],{"class":53},[43,162069,35082],{"class":141},[43,162071,346],{"class":53},[14,162073,162074],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,162076,162077],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[34,162079,162081],{"className":36,"code":162080,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,162082,162083,162103,162135,162139],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162084,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162086,94],{"class":49},[43,162088,98],{"class":97},[43,162090,101],{"class":53},[43,162092,154],{"class":104},[43,162094,108],{"class":53},[43,162096,1525],{"class":104},[43,162098,108],{"class":53},[43,162100,1530],{"class":104},[43,162102,68],{"class":53},[43,162104,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162106,257],{"class":49},[43,162108,98],{"class":97},[43,162110,101],{"class":53},[43,162112,265],{"class":264},[43,162114,269],{"class":268},[43,162116,265],{"class":264},[43,162118,108],{"class":53},[43,162120,276],{"class":264},[43,162122,279],{"class":268},[43,162124,265],{"class":264},[43,162126,108],{"class":53},[43,162128,276],{"class":264},[43,162130,288],{"class":268},[43,162132,265],{"class":264},[43,162134,68],{"class":53},[43,162136,162137],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162138,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162140,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162142,142],{"class":141},[43,162144,145],{"class":53},[43,162146,8712],{"class":3510},[43,162148,145],{"class":53},[43,162150,65015],{"class":141},[43,162152,145],{"class":53},[43,162154,149],{"class":148},[43,162156,108],{"class":53},[43,162158,324],{"class":148},[43,162160,3521],{"class":53},[14,162162,349],{},[34,162164,162166],{"className":36,"code":162165,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,162167,162168],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162169,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162171,22362],{"class":53},[43,162173,154],{"class":104},[43,162175,108],{"class":53},[43,162177,370],{"class":264},[43,162179,269],{"class":268},[43,162181,361],{"class":264},[43,162183,9852],{"class":53},[43,162185,9855],{"class":53},[43,162187,201],{"class":104},[43,162189,108],{"class":53},[43,162191,370],{"class":264},[43,162193,279],{"class":268},[43,162195,361],{"class":264},[43,162197,9852],{"class":53},[43,162199,9855],{"class":53},[43,162201,181],{"class":104},[43,162203,108],{"class":53},[43,162205,370],{"class":264},[43,162207,288],{"class":268},[43,162209,361],{"class":264},[43,162211,9868],{"class":53},[14,162213,162214],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[34,162216,162218],{"className":36,"code":162217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,162219,162220,162252,162272,162306,162310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162221,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162223,5610],{"class":49},[43,162225,98],{"class":97},[43,162227,101],{"class":53},[43,162229,265],{"class":264},[43,162231,13505],{"class":268},[43,162233,265],{"class":264},[43,162235,108],{"class":53},[43,162237,276],{"class":264},[43,162239,36571],{"class":268},[43,162241,265],{"class":264},[43,162243,108],{"class":53},[43,162245,276],{"class":264},[43,162247,36580],{"class":268},[43,162249,265],{"class":264},[43,162251,68],{"class":53},[43,162253,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162255,5679],{"class":49},[43,162257,98],{"class":97},[43,162259,101],{"class":53},[43,162261,14127],{"class":104},[43,162263,108],{"class":53},[43,162265,14132],{"class":104},[43,162267,108],{"class":53},[43,162269,29545],{"class":104},[43,162271,68],{"class":53},[43,162273,162274,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162302,162304],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162275,162276],{"class":49},"grades ",[43,162278,98],{"class":97},[43,162280,101],{"class":53},[43,162282,265],{"class":264},[43,162284,22867],{"class":268},[43,162286,265],{"class":264},[43,162288,108],{"class":53},[43,162290,276],{"class":264},[43,162292,31226],{"class":268},[43,162294,265],{"class":264},[43,162296,108],{"class":53},[43,162298,276],{"class":264},[43,162300,162301],{"class":268},"B+",[43,162303,265],{"class":264},[43,162305,68],{"class":53},[43,162307,162308],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162309,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162311,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162335],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,162313,142],{"class":141},[43,162315,145],{"class":53},[43,162317,8712],{"class":3510},[43,162319,145],{"class":53},[43,162321,65015],{"class":141},[43,162323,145],{"class":53},[43,162325,5654],{"class":148},[43,162327,108],{"class":53},[43,162329,5725],{"class":148},[43,162331,108],{"class":53},[43,162333,162334],{"class":148}," grades",[43,162336,3521],{"class":53},[14,162338,349],{},[34,162340,162342],{"className":36,"code":162341,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,162343,162344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162345,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162347,22362],{"class":53},[43,162349,361],{"class":264},[43,162351,13505],{"class":268},[43,162353,361],{"class":264},[43,162355,108],{"class":53},[43,162357,20520],{"class":104},[43,162359,108],{"class":53},[43,162361,370],{"class":264},[43,162363,22867],{"class":268},[43,162365,361],{"class":264},[43,162367,9852],{"class":53},[43,162369,9855],{"class":53},[43,162371,361],{"class":264},[43,162373,36571],{"class":268},[43,162375,361],{"class":264},[43,162377,108],{"class":53},[43,162379,14132],{"class":104},[43,162381,108],{"class":53},[43,162383,370],{"class":264},[43,162385,31226],{"class":268},[43,162387,361],{"class":264},[43,162389,9852],{"class":53},[43,162391,9855],{"class":53},[43,162393,361],{"class":264},[43,162395,36580],{"class":268},[43,162397,361],{"class":264},[43,162399,108],{"class":53},[43,162401,29545],{"class":104},[43,162403,108],{"class":53},[43,162405,370],{"class":264},[43,162407,162301],{"class":268},[43,162409,361],{"class":264},[43,162411,9868],{"class":53},[81,162413,162415],{"id":162414},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162417,162418],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[34,162420,162422],{"className":36,"code":162421,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,162423,162424,162456,162476,162480,162504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162425,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162427,5610],{"class":49},[43,162429,98],{"class":97},[43,162431,101],{"class":53},[43,162433,265],{"class":264},[43,162435,13505],{"class":268},[43,162437,265],{"class":264},[43,162439,108],{"class":53},[43,162441,276],{"class":264},[43,162443,36571],{"class":268},[43,162445,265],{"class":264},[43,162447,108],{"class":53},[43,162449,276],{"class":264},[43,162451,36580],{"class":268},[43,162453,265],{"class":264},[43,162455,68],{"class":53},[43,162457,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162459,5679],{"class":49},[43,162461,98],{"class":97},[43,162463,101],{"class":53},[43,162465,14127],{"class":104},[43,162467,108],{"class":53},[43,162469,14132],{"class":104},[43,162471,108],{"class":53},[43,162473,29545],{"class":104},[43,162475,68],{"class":53},[43,162477,162478],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162479,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162481,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162483,6574],{"class":4491},[43,162485,36622],{"class":49},[43,162487,108],{"class":53},[43,162489,5720],{"class":49},[43,162491,4498],{"class":4491},[43,162493,161962],{"class":141},[43,162495,145],{"class":53},[43,162497,5654],{"class":148},[43,162499,108],{"class":53},[43,162501,5725],{"class":148},[43,162503,8960],{"class":53},[43,162505,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,162507,8687],{"class":141},[43,162509,145],{"class":53},[43,162511,22916],{"class":2671},[43,162513,265],{"class":268},[43,162515,9897],{"class":104},[43,162517,8286],{"class":148},[43,162519,22925],{"class":104},[43,162521,162522],{"class":268}," scored ",[43,162524,9897],{"class":104},[43,162526,85907],{"class":148},[43,162528,22925],{"class":104},[43,162530,265],{"class":268},[43,162532,346],{"class":53},[14,162534,349],{},[34,162536,162538],{"className":36,"code":162537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162539,162540,162547,162554],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162541,162542,162545],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162543,162544],{"class":49},"Ana scored ",[43,162546,33763],{"class":104},[43,162548,162549,162552],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162550,162551],{"class":49},"Ben scored ",[43,162553,33768],{"class":104},[43,162555,162556,162559],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162557,162558],{"class":49},"Cara scored ",[43,162560,33773],{"class":104},[14,162562,45557],{},[389,162564,162565,162574,162577],{},[392,162566,162567,162570,162571],{},[18,162568,162569],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162572,162573],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[392,162575,162576],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[392,162578,162579,1233,162581,162583],{},[18,162580,8286],{},[18,162582,85907],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162585,162586,162587,79],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[269,162588,70235],{"href":70234},[81,162590,162592],{"id":162591},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162594,162595,162597],{},[18,162596,64945],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162599,162600],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[34,162602,162604],{"className":36,"code":162603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162605,162606,162647,162663,162667,162691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162607,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162643,162645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162609,5610],{"class":49},[43,162611,98],{"class":97},[43,162613,101],{"class":53},[43,162615,265],{"class":264},[43,162617,13505],{"class":268},[43,162619,265],{"class":264},[43,162621,108],{"class":53},[43,162623,276],{"class":264},[43,162625,36571],{"class":268},[43,162627,265],{"class":264},[43,162629,108],{"class":53},[43,162631,276],{"class":264},[43,162633,36580],{"class":268},[43,162635,265],{"class":264},[43,162637,108],{"class":53},[43,162639,276],{"class":264},[43,162641,162642],{"class":268},"Dan",[43,162644,265],{"class":264},[43,162646,68],{"class":53},[43,162648,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162650,5679],{"class":49},[43,162652,98],{"class":97},[43,162654,101],{"class":53},[43,162656,14127],{"class":104},[43,162658,108],{"class":53},[43,162660,14132],{"class":104},[43,162662,68],{"class":53},[43,162664,162665],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162666,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162668,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162670,6574],{"class":4491},[43,162672,36622],{"class":49},[43,162674,108],{"class":53},[43,162676,5720],{"class":49},[43,162678,4498],{"class":4491},[43,162680,161962],{"class":141},[43,162682,145],{"class":53},[43,162684,5654],{"class":148},[43,162686,108],{"class":53},[43,162688,5725],{"class":148},[43,162690,8960],{"class":53},[43,162692,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,162694,8687],{"class":141},[43,162696,145],{"class":53},[43,162698,8286],{"class":148},[43,162700,108],{"class":53},[43,162702,131250],{"class":148},[43,162704,346],{"class":53},[14,162706,349],{},[34,162708,162710],{"className":36,"code":162709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162711,162712,162718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162713,162714,162716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162715,134269],{"class":49},[43,162717,33763],{"class":104},[43,162719,162720,162722],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162721,162004],{"class":49},[43,162723,33768],{"class":104},[14,162725,2893,162726,1233,162729,162732],{},[18,162727,162728],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162730,162731],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162734,162735],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[34,162737,162739],{"className":36,"code":162738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162740,162741,162781,162797,162801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162742,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162744,5610],{"class":49},[43,162746,98],{"class":97},[43,162748,101],{"class":53},[43,162750,265],{"class":264},[43,162752,13505],{"class":268},[43,162754,265],{"class":264},[43,162756,108],{"class":53},[43,162758,276],{"class":264},[43,162760,36571],{"class":268},[43,162762,265],{"class":264},[43,162764,108],{"class":53},[43,162766,276],{"class":264},[43,162768,36580],{"class":268},[43,162770,265],{"class":264},[43,162772,108],{"class":53},[43,162774,276],{"class":264},[43,162776,162642],{"class":268},[43,162778,265],{"class":264},[43,162780,68],{"class":53},[43,162782,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162784,5679],{"class":49},[43,162786,98],{"class":97},[43,162788,101],{"class":53},[43,162790,14127],{"class":104},[43,162792,108],{"class":53},[43,162794,14132],{"class":104},[43,162796,68],{"class":53},[43,162798,162799],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162800,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162802,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162804,142],{"class":141},[43,162806,145],{"class":53},[43,162808,2370],{"class":141},[43,162810,145],{"class":53},[43,162812,5654],{"class":148},[43,162814,9852],{"class":53},[43,162816,39013],{"class":141},[43,162818,145],{"class":53},[43,162820,17011],{"class":148},[43,162822,2377],{"class":53},[14,162824,349],{},[34,162826,162828],{"className":36,"code":162827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4 2\n",[18,162829,162830],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162831,162832,162834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162833,159],{"class":104},[43,162835,46216],{"class":104},[14,162837,162838,162839,79],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162840,64945],{},[81,162842,92498,162844,162846],{"id":162843},"converting-zip-output",[18,162845,64945],{}," output",[14,162848,29686,162849,162851],{},[18,162850,64945],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1499,162853,230,162855],{"id":162854},"use-listzip",[18,162856,162857],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162859,162860],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[34,162862,162864],{"className":36,"code":162863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162865,162866,162898,162918,162922,162944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162867,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162869,5610],{"class":49},[43,162871,98],{"class":97},[43,162873,101],{"class":53},[43,162875,265],{"class":264},[43,162877,13505],{"class":268},[43,162879,265],{"class":264},[43,162881,108],{"class":53},[43,162883,276],{"class":264},[43,162885,36571],{"class":268},[43,162887,265],{"class":264},[43,162889,108],{"class":53},[43,162891,276],{"class":264},[43,162893,36580],{"class":268},[43,162895,265],{"class":264},[43,162897,68],{"class":53},[43,162899,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,162901,5679],{"class":49},[43,162903,98],{"class":97},[43,162905,101],{"class":53},[43,162907,14127],{"class":104},[43,162909,108],{"class":53},[43,162911,14132],{"class":104},[43,162913,108],{"class":53},[43,162915,29545],{"class":104},[43,162917,68],{"class":53},[43,162919,162920],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,162921,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,162923,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,162925,9834],{"class":49},[43,162927,98],{"class":97},[43,162929,23182],{"class":3510},[43,162931,145],{"class":53},[43,162933,65015],{"class":141},[43,162935,145],{"class":53},[43,162937,5654],{"class":148},[43,162939,108],{"class":53},[43,162941,5725],{"class":148},[43,162943,2377],{"class":53},[43,162945,162946,162948,162950,162952],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,162947,142],{"class":141},[43,162949,145],{"class":53},[43,162951,9881],{"class":148},[43,162953,346],{"class":53},[14,162955,349],{},[34,162957,162959],{"className":36,"code":162958,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162960,162961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162964,22362],{"class":53},[43,162966,361],{"class":264},[43,162968,13505],{"class":268},[43,162970,361],{"class":264},[43,162972,108],{"class":53},[43,162974,20520],{"class":104},[43,162976,9852],{"class":53},[43,162978,9855],{"class":53},[43,162980,361],{"class":264},[43,162982,36571],{"class":268},[43,162984,361],{"class":264},[43,162986,108],{"class":53},[43,162988,14132],{"class":104},[43,162990,9852],{"class":53},[43,162992,9855],{"class":53},[43,162994,361],{"class":264},[43,162996,36580],{"class":268},[43,162998,361],{"class":264},[43,163000,108],{"class":53},[43,163002,29545],{"class":104},[43,163004,9868],{"class":53},[1499,163006,230,163008],{"id":163007},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,163009,163010],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,163012,163013],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[34,163015,163017],{"className":36,"code":163016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,163018,163019,163051,163079,163083,163105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163020,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163022,17863],{"class":49},[43,163024,98],{"class":97},[43,163026,101],{"class":53},[43,163028,265],{"class":264},[43,163030,8286],{"class":268},[43,163032,265],{"class":264},[43,163034,108],{"class":53},[43,163036,276],{"class":264},[43,163038,9918],{"class":268},[43,163040,265],{"class":264},[43,163042,108],{"class":53},[43,163044,276],{"class":264},[43,163046,11028],{"class":268},[43,163048,265],{"class":264},[43,163050,68],{"class":53},[43,163052,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163054,4436],{"class":49},[43,163056,98],{"class":97},[43,163058,101],{"class":53},[43,163060,265],{"class":264},[43,163062,13505],{"class":268},[43,163064,265],{"class":264},[43,163066,108],{"class":53},[43,163068,9925],{"class":104},[43,163070,108],{"class":53},[43,163072,276],{"class":264},[43,163074,16653],{"class":268},[43,163076,265],{"class":264},[43,163078,68],{"class":53},[43,163080,163081],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163082,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163084,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163086,13829],{"class":49},[43,163088,98],{"class":97},[43,163090,9789],{"class":3510},[43,163092,145],{"class":53},[43,163094,65015],{"class":141},[43,163096,145],{"class":53},[43,163098,17545],{"class":148},[43,163100,108],{"class":53},[43,163102,4501],{"class":148},[43,163104,2377],{"class":53},[43,163106,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163108,142],{"class":141},[43,163110,145],{"class":53},[43,163112,17928],{"class":148},[43,163114,346],{"class":53},[14,163116,349],{},[34,163118,163120],{"className":36,"code":163119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,163121,163122],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163125,9897],{"class":53},[43,163127,361],{"class":264},[43,163129,8286],{"class":268},[43,163131,361],{"class":264},[43,163133,59],{"class":53},[43,163135,370],{"class":264},[43,163137,13505],{"class":268},[43,163139,361],{"class":264},[43,163141,108],{"class":53},[43,163143,370],{"class":264},[43,163145,9918],{"class":268},[43,163147,361],{"class":264},[43,163149,59],{"class":53},[43,163151,9925],{"class":104},[43,163153,108],{"class":53},[43,163155,370],{"class":264},[43,163157,11028],{"class":268},[43,163159,361],{"class":264},[43,163161,59],{"class":53},[43,163163,370],{"class":264},[43,163165,16653],{"class":268},[43,163167,361],{"class":264},[43,163169,9928],{"class":53},[14,163171,163172,163173,79],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[269,163174,31713],{"href":31712},[1499,163176,163178],{"id":163177},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,163180,163181],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[34,163183,163185],{"className":36,"code":163184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,163186,163187,163211,163227,163231,163249,163253,163267],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163188,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163190,5610],{"class":49},[43,163192,98],{"class":97},[43,163194,101],{"class":53},[43,163196,265],{"class":264},[43,163198,13505],{"class":268},[43,163200,265],{"class":264},[43,163202,108],{"class":53},[43,163204,276],{"class":264},[43,163206,36571],{"class":268},[43,163208,265],{"class":264},[43,163210,68],{"class":53},[43,163212,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163214,5679],{"class":49},[43,163216,98],{"class":97},[43,163218,101],{"class":53},[43,163220,14127],{"class":104},[43,163222,108],{"class":53},[43,163224,14132],{"class":104},[43,163226,68],{"class":53},[43,163228,163229],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163230,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163232,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163234,9834],{"class":49},[43,163236,98],{"class":97},[43,163238,161962],{"class":141},[43,163240,145],{"class":53},[43,163242,5654],{"class":148},[43,163244,108],{"class":53},[43,163246,5725],{"class":148},[43,163248,346],{"class":53},[43,163250,163251],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163252,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163254,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,163256,142],{"class":141},[43,163258,145],{"class":53},[43,163260,8712],{"class":3510},[43,163262,145],{"class":53},[43,163264,9881],{"class":148},[43,163266,2377],{"class":53},[43,163268,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,163270,142],{"class":141},[43,163272,145],{"class":53},[43,163274,8712],{"class":3510},[43,163276,145],{"class":53},[43,163278,9881],{"class":148},[43,163280,2377],{"class":53},[14,163282,349],{},[34,163284,163286],{"className":36,"code":163285,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,163287,163288,163318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163289,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163291,22362],{"class":53},[43,163293,361],{"class":264},[43,163295,13505],{"class":268},[43,163297,361],{"class":264},[43,163299,108],{"class":53},[43,163301,20520],{"class":104},[43,163303,9852],{"class":53},[43,163305,9855],{"class":53},[43,163307,361],{"class":264},[43,163309,36571],{"class":268},[43,163311,361],{"class":264},[43,163313,108],{"class":53},[43,163315,14132],{"class":104},[43,163317,9868],{"class":53},[43,163319,163320],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163321,1778],{"class":53},[14,163323,163324],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163326,163327,163328,79],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[269,163329,5751],{"href":6202},[81,163331,41671],{"id":41670},[14,163333,163334,163335,79],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,163336,64945],{},[1499,163338,163340],{"id":163339},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[34,163342,163344],{"className":36,"code":163343,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,163345,163346,163378,163398,163402,163426],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163347,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163349,5610],{"class":49},[43,163351,98],{"class":97},[43,163353,101],{"class":53},[43,163355,265],{"class":264},[43,163357,13505],{"class":268},[43,163359,265],{"class":264},[43,163361,108],{"class":53},[43,163363,276],{"class":264},[43,163365,36571],{"class":268},[43,163367,265],{"class":264},[43,163369,108],{"class":53},[43,163371,276],{"class":264},[43,163373,36580],{"class":268},[43,163375,265],{"class":264},[43,163377,68],{"class":53},[43,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163381,5679],{"class":49},[43,163383,98],{"class":97},[43,163385,101],{"class":53},[43,163387,14127],{"class":104},[43,163389,108],{"class":53},[43,163391,14132],{"class":104},[43,163393,108],{"class":53},[43,163395,29545],{"class":104},[43,163397,68],{"class":53},[43,163399,163400],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163401,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163403,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163405,6574],{"class":4491},[43,163407,36622],{"class":49},[43,163409,108],{"class":53},[43,163411,5720],{"class":49},[43,163413,4498],{"class":4491},[43,163415,161962],{"class":141},[43,163417,145],{"class":53},[43,163419,5654],{"class":148},[43,163421,108],{"class":53},[43,163423,5725],{"class":148},[43,163425,8960],{"class":53},[43,163427,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163429,8687],{"class":141},[43,163431,145],{"class":53},[43,163433,22916],{"class":2671},[43,163435,265],{"class":268},[43,163437,9897],{"class":104},[43,163439,8286],{"class":148},[43,163441,22925],{"class":104},[43,163443,22928],{"class":268},[43,163445,9897],{"class":104},[43,163447,85907],{"class":148},[43,163449,22925],{"class":104},[43,163451,265],{"class":268},[43,163453,346],{"class":53},[1499,163455,163457],{"id":163456},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[34,163459,163461],{"className":36,"code":163460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163462,163463,163495,163519,163523,163545],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163464,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163466,17863],{"class":49},[43,163468,98],{"class":97},[43,163470,101],{"class":53},[43,163472,265],{"class":264},[43,163474,13273],{"class":268},[43,163476,265],{"class":264},[43,163478,108],{"class":53},[43,163480,276],{"class":264},[43,163482,8286],{"class":268},[43,163484,265],{"class":264},[43,163486,108],{"class":53},[43,163488,276],{"class":264},[43,163490,16443],{"class":268},[43,163492,265],{"class":264},[43,163494,68],{"class":53},[43,163496,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163498,4436],{"class":49},[43,163500,98],{"class":97},[43,163502,101],{"class":53},[43,163504,47219],{"class":104},[43,163506,108],{"class":53},[43,163508,276],{"class":264},[43,163510,13505],{"class":268},[43,163512,265],{"class":264},[43,163514,108],{"class":53},[43,163516,4530],{"class":4466},[43,163518,68],{"class":53},[43,163520,163521],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163522,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163524,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163526,9784],{"class":49},[43,163528,98],{"class":97},[43,163530,9789],{"class":3510},[43,163532,145],{"class":53},[43,163534,65015],{"class":141},[43,163536,145],{"class":53},[43,163538,17545],{"class":148},[43,163540,108],{"class":53},[43,163542,4501],{"class":148},[43,163544,2377],{"class":53},[43,163546,163547,163549,163551,163553],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163548,142],{"class":141},[43,163550,145],{"class":53},[43,163552,9823],{"class":148},[43,163554,346],{"class":53},[1499,163556,163558],{"id":163557},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[34,163560,163562],{"className":36,"code":163561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163563,163564,163584,163604,163608,163633],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163565,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163567,81045],{"class":49},[43,163569,98],{"class":97},[43,163571,101],{"class":53},[43,163573,105],{"class":104},[43,163575,108],{"class":53},[43,163577,111],{"class":104},[43,163579,108],{"class":53},[43,163581,116],{"class":104},[43,163583,68],{"class":53},[43,163585,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163587,81066],{"class":49},[43,163589,98],{"class":97},[43,163591,101],{"class":53},[43,163593,105],{"class":104},[43,163595,108],{"class":53},[43,163597,9925],{"class":104},[43,163599,108],{"class":53},[43,163601,116],{"class":104},[43,163603,68],{"class":53},[43,163605,163606],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163607,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163609,163610,163612,163614,163616,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163611,6574],{"class":4491},[43,163613,57515],{"class":49},[43,163615,108],{"class":53},[43,163617,163618],{"class":49}," b ",[43,163620,4498],{"class":4491},[43,163622,161962],{"class":141},[43,163624,145],{"class":53},[43,163626,112137],{"class":148},[43,163628,108],{"class":53},[43,163630,81109],{"class":148},[43,163632,8960],{"class":53},[43,163634,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163636,8687],{"class":141},[43,163638,145],{"class":53},[43,163640,3161],{"class":148},[43,163642,5304],{"class":97},[43,163644,3166],{"class":148},[43,163646,346],{"class":53},[14,163648,349],{},[34,163650,163652],{"className":36,"code":163651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163653,163654,163658,163662],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163655,163656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163657,4594],{"class":4466},[43,163659,163660],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163661,4655],{"class":4466},[43,163663,163664],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163665,4594],{"class":4466},[1499,163667,163669],{"id":163668},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[34,163671,163673],{"className":36,"code":163672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163674,163675,163710,163733,163737,163764],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163676,163677,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163697,163699,163701,163703,163706,163708],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163678,163679],{"class":49},"products ",[43,163681,98],{"class":97},[43,163683,101],{"class":53},[43,163685,265],{"class":264},[43,163687,25764],{"class":268},[43,163689,265],{"class":264},[43,163691,108],{"class":53},[43,163693,276],{"class":264},[43,163695,163696],{"class":268},"Pen",[43,163698,265],{"class":264},[43,163700,108],{"class":53},[43,163702,276],{"class":264},[43,163704,163705],{"class":268},"Bag",[43,163707,265],{"class":264},[43,163709,68],{"class":53},[43,163711,163712,163714,163716,163718,163721,163723,163726,163728,163731],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163713,83435],{"class":49},[43,163715,98],{"class":97},[43,163717,101],{"class":53},[43,163719,163720],{"class":104},"12.5",[43,163722,108],{"class":53},[43,163724,163725],{"class":104}," 1.2",[43,163727,108],{"class":53},[43,163729,163730],{"class":104}," 25.0",[43,163732,68],{"class":53},[43,163734,163735],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163736,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163738,163739,163741,163743,163745,163748,163750,163752,163754,163757,163759,163762],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163740,6574],{"class":4491},[43,163742,25825],{"class":49},[43,163744,108],{"class":53},[43,163746,163747],{"class":49}," price ",[43,163749,4498],{"class":4491},[43,163751,161962],{"class":141},[43,163753,145],{"class":53},[43,163755,163756],{"class":148},"products",[43,163758,108],{"class":53},[43,163760,163761],{"class":148}," prices",[43,163763,8960],{"class":53},[43,163765,163766,163768,163770,163772,163774,163776,163778,163780,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163767,8687],{"class":141},[43,163769,145],{"class":53},[43,163771,22916],{"class":2671},[43,163773,265],{"class":268},[43,163775,9897],{"class":104},[43,163777,27633],{"class":148},[43,163779,22925],{"class":104},[43,163781,163782],{"class":268}," costs $",[43,163784,9897],{"class":104},[43,163786,25773],{"class":148},[43,163788,22925],{"class":104},[43,163790,265],{"class":268},[43,163792,346],{"class":53},[14,163794,37230,163795,79],{},[269,163796,163798],{"href":163797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[81,163800,163802,163803],{"id":163801},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163804,64945],{},[1499,163806,9071,163808,163810],{"id":163807},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163809,64945],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163812,163813,163815],{},[18,163814,64945],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163817,163818],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[34,163820,163822],{"className":36,"code":163821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163823,163824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163825,163826,163828,163830,163832,163834,163836,163838,163840,163842,163844],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163827,142],{"class":141},[43,163829,145],{"class":53},[43,163831,2370],{"class":141},[43,163833,145],{"class":53},[43,163835,112137],{"class":148},[43,163837,9852],{"class":53},[43,163839,39013],{"class":141},[43,163841,145],{"class":53},[43,163843,81332],{"class":148},[43,163845,2377],{"class":53},[1499,163847,163849],{"id":163848},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163851,69460],{},[34,163853,163855],{"className":36,"code":163854,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163856,163857,163893,163897,163910,163920,163924,163936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163858,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885,163887,163889,163891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163860,9834],{"class":49},[43,163862,98],{"class":97},[43,163864,161962],{"class":141},[43,163866,3595],{"class":53},[43,163868,154],{"class":104},[43,163870,108],{"class":53},[43,163872,1525],{"class":104},[43,163874,18684],{"class":53},[43,163876,101],{"class":53},[43,163878,265],{"class":264},[43,163880,269],{"class":268},[43,163882,265],{"class":264},[43,163884,108],{"class":53},[43,163886,276],{"class":264},[43,163888,279],{"class":268},[43,163890,265],{"class":264},[43,163892,1547],{"class":53},[43,163894,163895],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163896,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163898,163899,163901,163903,163905,163908],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,163900,6574],{"class":4491},[43,163902,6577],{"class":49},[43,163904,4498],{"class":4491},[43,163906,163907],{"class":49}," pairs",[43,163909,7009],{"class":53},[43,163911,163912,163914,163916,163918],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,163913,8687],{"class":141},[43,163915,145],{"class":53},[43,163917,23933],{"class":148},[43,163919,346],{"class":53},[43,163921,163922],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,163923,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,163925,163926,163928,163930,163932,163934],{"class":45,"line":209},[43,163927,6574],{"class":4491},[43,163929,6577],{"class":49},[43,163931,4498],{"class":4491},[43,163933,163907],{"class":49},[43,163935,7009],{"class":53},[43,163937,163938,163940,163942,163944],{"class":45,"line":856},[43,163939,8687],{"class":141},[43,163941,145],{"class":53},[43,163943,23933],{"class":148},[43,163945,346],{"class":53},[14,163947,163948],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1499,163950,163952],{"id":163951},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163954,163955],{},"This is correct:",[34,163957,163959],{"className":36,"code":163958,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163960,163961,163985,164001,164005,164029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163962,163963,163965,163967,163969,163971,163973,163975,163977,163979,163981,163983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163964,5610],{"class":49},[43,163966,98],{"class":97},[43,163968,101],{"class":53},[43,163970,265],{"class":264},[43,163972,13505],{"class":268},[43,163974,265],{"class":264},[43,163976,108],{"class":53},[43,163978,276],{"class":264},[43,163980,36571],{"class":268},[43,163982,265],{"class":264},[43,163984,68],{"class":53},[43,163986,163987,163989,163991,163993,163995,163997,163999],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,163988,5679],{"class":49},[43,163990,98],{"class":97},[43,163992,101],{"class":53},[43,163994,14127],{"class":104},[43,163996,108],{"class":53},[43,163998,14132],{"class":104},[43,164000,68],{"class":53},[43,164002,164003],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,164004,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,164006,164007,164009,164011,164013,164015,164017,164019,164021,164023,164025,164027],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,164008,6574],{"class":4491},[43,164010,36622],{"class":49},[43,164012,108],{"class":53},[43,164014,5720],{"class":49},[43,164016,4498],{"class":4491},[43,164018,161962],{"class":141},[43,164020,145],{"class":53},[43,164022,5654],{"class":148},[43,164024,108],{"class":53},[43,164026,5725],{"class":148},[43,164028,8960],{"class":53},[43,164030,164031,164033,164035,164037,164039,164041],{"class":45,"line":189},[43,164032,8687],{"class":141},[43,164034,145],{"class":53},[43,164036,8286],{"class":148},[43,164038,108],{"class":53},[43,164040,131250],{"class":148},[43,164042,346],{"class":53},[14,164044,164045],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[34,164047,164049],{"className":36,"code":164048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,164050,164051,164071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,164052,164053,164055,164057,164059,164061,164063,164065,164067,164069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,164054,6574],{"class":4491},[43,164056,6577],{"class":49},[43,164058,4498],{"class":4491},[43,164060,161962],{"class":141},[43,164062,145],{"class":53},[43,164064,5654],{"class":148},[43,164066,108],{"class":53},[43,164068,5725],{"class":148},[43,164070,8960],{"class":53},[43,164072,164073,164075,164077,164079],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,164074,8687],{"class":141},[43,164076,145],{"class":53},[43,164078,23933],{"class":148},[43,164080,346],{"class":53},[14,164082,349],{},[34,164084,164086],{"className":36,"code":164085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,164087,164088,164104],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,164089,164090,164092,164094,164096,164098,164100,164102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,164091,145],{"class":53},[43,164093,361],{"class":264},[43,164095,13505],{"class":268},[43,164097,361],{"class":264},[43,164099,108],{"class":53},[43,164101,20520],{"class":104},[43,164103,346],{"class":53},[43,164105,164106,164108,164110,164112,164114,164116,164118],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,164107,145],{"class":53},[43,164109,361],{"class":264},[43,164111,36571],{"class":268},[43,164113,361],{"class":264},[43,164115,108],{"class":53},[43,164117,14132],{"class":104},[43,164119,346],{"class":53},[14,164121,164122],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1499,164124,2445,164126,164128,164129],{"id":164125},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,164127,64945],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,164130,36379],{},[14,164132,230,164133,164135],{},[18,164134,64945],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,164137,230,164138,164140],{},[18,164139,36379],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[34,164142,164143],{"className":36,"code":36548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,164144,164145,164177,164181,164201],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,164146,164147,164149,164151,164153,164155,164157,164159,164161,164163,164165,164167,164169,164171,164173,164175],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,164148,5610],{"class":49},[43,164150,98],{"class":97},[43,164152,101],{"class":53},[43,164154,265],{"class":264},[43,164156,13505],{"class":268},[43,164158,265],{"class":264},[43,164160,108],{"class":53},[43,164162,276],{"class":264},[43,164164,36571],{"class":268},[43,164166,265],{"class":264},[43,164168,108],{"class":53},[43,164170,276],{"class":264},[43,164172,36580],{"class":268},[43,164174,265],{"class":264},[43,164176,68],{"class":53},[43,164178,164179],{"class":45,"line":131},[43,164180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[43,164182,164183,164185,164187,164189,164191,164193,164195,164197,164199],{"class":45,"line":138},[43,164184,6574],{"class":4491},[43,164186,36451],{"class":49},[43,164188,108],{"class":53},[43,164190,36599],{"class":49},[43,164192,4498],{"class":4491},[43,164194,36461],{"class":141},[43,164196,145],{"class":53},[43,164198,5654],{"class":148},[43,164200,8960],{"class":53},[43,164202,164203,164205,164207,164209,164211,164213],{"class":45,"line":169},[43,164204,8687],{"class":141},[43,164206,145],{"class":53},[43,164208,36476],{"class":148},[43,164210,108],{"class":53},[43,164212,36622],{"class":148},[43,164214,346],{"class":53},[14,164216,164217,164218,79],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[269,164219,4187,164220,4120],{"href":92410},[18,164221,36379],{},[81,164223,2458],{"id":2457},[1499,164225,2476,164227,5759],{"id":164226},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,164228,64945],{},[14,164230,164231],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1499,164233,13328,164235,164237],{"id":164234},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,164236,64945],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,164239,164240],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1499,164242,164244,164245,2490],{"id":164243},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,164246,64945],{},[14,164248,164249,164250,79],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,164251,162857],{},[1499,164253,164255,164256,2490],{"id":164254},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,164257,64945],{},[14,164259,128615,164260,164262],{},[18,164261,163010],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1499,164264,164266],{"id":164265},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,164268,164269],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[81,164271,2497],{"id":2496},[389,164273,164274,164279,164285,164289,164293],{},[392,164275,164276],{},[269,164277,164278],{"href":163797},"How to use zip in Python",[392,164280,164281],{},[269,164282,4187,164283,4120],{"href":92410},[18,164284,36379],{},[392,164286,164287],{},[269,164288,5831],{"href":6202},[392,164290,164291],{},[269,164292,70311],{"href":70234},[392,164294,164295],{},[269,164296,32887],{"href":31712},[2536,164298,164299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":131,"depth":131,"links":164301},[164302,164303,164305,164306,164307,164308,164316,164322,164331,164342],{"id":83,"depth":131,"text":84},{"id":162021,"depth":131,"text":164304},"What zip() does",{"id":2762,"depth":131,"text":2763},{"id":162414,"depth":131,"text":162415},{"id":162591,"depth":131,"text":162592},{"id":162843,"depth":131,"text":164309,"children":164310},"Converting zip() output",[164311,164313,164315],{"id":162854,"depth":138,"text":164312},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163007,"depth":138,"text":164314},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163177,"depth":138,"text":163178},{"id":41670,"depth":131,"text":41671,"children":164317},[164318,164319,164320,164321],{"id":163339,"depth":138,"text":163340},{"id":163456,"depth":138,"text":163457},{"id":163557,"depth":138,"text":163558},{"id":163668,"depth":138,"text":163669},{"id":163801,"depth":131,"text":164323,"children":164324},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164325,164327,164328,164329],{"id":163807,"depth":138,"text":164326},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163848,"depth":138,"text":163849},{"id":163951,"depth":138,"text":163952},{"id":164125,"depth":138,"text":164330},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2457,"depth":131,"text":2458,"children":164332},[164333,164335,164337,164339,164341],{"id":164226,"depth":138,"text":164334},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164234,"depth":138,"text":164336},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164243,"depth":138,"text":164338},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164254,"depth":138,"text":164340},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164265,"depth":138,"text":164266},{"id":2496,"depth":131,"text":2497},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161863,"description":164343},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945056665]